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Hu W, Wang W, Liao H, Bulloch G, Zhang X, Shang X, Huang Y, Hu Y, Yu H, Yang X, He M, Zhu Z. Metabolic profiling reveals circulating biomarkers associated with incident and prevalent Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38982064 PMCID: PMC11233508 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic profile predating the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. We aim to investigate the metabolites associated with incident and prevalent PD and their predictive values in the UK Biobank participants with metabolomics and genetic data at the baseline. A panel of 249 metabolites was quantified using a nuclear magnetic resonance analytical platform. PD was ascertained by self-reported history, hospital admission records and death registers. Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between metabolites and incident and prevalent PD, respectively. Area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC) were used to estimate the predictive values of models for future PD. Among 109,790 participants without PD at the baseline, 639 (0.58%) individuals developed PD after one year from the baseline during a median follow-up period of 12.2 years. Sixty-eight metabolites were associated with incident PD at nominal significance (P < 0.05), spanning lipids, lipid constituent of lipoprotein subclasses and ratios of lipid constituents. After multiple testing corrections (P < 9 × 10-4), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega-6 fatty acids remained significantly associated with incident PD, and PUFA was shared by incident and prevalent PD. Additionally, 14 metabolites were exclusively associated with prevalent PD, including amino acids, fatty acids, several lipoprotein subclasses and ratios of lipids. Adding these metabolites to the conventional risk factors yielded a comparable predictive performance to the risk-factor-based model (AUC = 0.766 vs AUC = 0.768, P = 0.145). Our findings suggested metabolic profiles provided additional knowledge to understand different pathways related to PD before and after its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liao
- Neural Regeneration Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiayin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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El Otmani H, Daghi M, Maghfour M, Haddouali K, Bellakhdar S, El Moutawakil B, Tahiri Jouti N, Rafai MA. RBD and hyposmia in Moroccan patients with a synucleinopathy: prevalence and the timing of occurrence in a large cohort. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2229-2233. [PMID: 37046132 PMCID: PMC10096100 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) and hyposmia are common in synucleinopathies and they tend to occur in connection to the prodromal development of these disorders. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of RBD and hyposmia and the timeline of their occurrence in a large cohort of Moroccan patients. METHODS We recruited 774 consecutive patients with synucleinopathy and tauopathy at Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca. A group of 100 healthy controls was also recruited. We relied on a questionnaire to collect general characteristics and clinical data filled by the patient and his companion under the supervision of a qualified health professional. RESULTS The study included 697 patients with PD, 37 with DLB and 40 had a tauopathy disorder (PSP or CBD). The proportion of patients who have RBD was 52% in PD, 100% in DLB, 0% in tauopathies and 12% among healthy controls. Hyposmia symptom was found in 47% of patients with PD, 68% in patients with DLB, 0% in tauopathy patients and in 10% of healthy controls. Moreover, 46% of PD patients and 75% of DLB patients developed RBD during the prodromal phase. Meanwhile, hyposmia occurred in association with the prodromal phase among 67% of PD cases and 85% of DLB patients. CONCLUSION RBD and hyposmia are both prevalent among Moroccan patients with synucleinopathy and they occur frequently during the prodromal phase. Identifying these premotor signs will improve early and differential diagnosis and enhance our understanding of how a specific synucleinopathy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Otmani
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative and Oncologic Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Daghi
- Research Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Disorders & Disability, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Manal Maghfour
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Kamal Haddouali
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Bellakhdar
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Moutawakil
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nadia Tahiri Jouti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory, Degenerative and Oncologic Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Abdoh Rafai
- Neurology Department, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
- Research Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosensory Disorders & Disability, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Gevezova M, Kazakova M, Trenova A, Sarafian V. YKL-40 and the Cellular Metabolic Profile in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16297. [PMID: 38003487 PMCID: PMC10671493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation play a crucial role as a pathogenetic mechanism in PD. The glycoprotein YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a potential biomarker involved in inflammation and tumor processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profile of PBMCs from PD patients and to search for a possible relationship between cellular bioenergetics and YKL-40. The study included 18 naïve PD patients and an age-matched control group (HC, n = 7). Patients were diagnosed according to the MDS-PD, the UPDRS, and the Hoen-Yahr scales. Mitochondrial activity was measured by a metabolic analyzer on isolated PBMCs from PD patients. Gene (qPCR) and protein (ELISA) expression levels of YKL40 were investigated. New data are reported revealing changes in the mitochondrial activity and YKL-40 levels in PD patients. Bioenergetic parameters showed increased respiratory reserve capacity in PD compared to HC. The protein levels of YKL-40 were threefold higher in PD. We found a correlation between the YKL-40 protein levels and basal respiration and between YKL-40 and ATP production. These observations suggest an interplay between YKL-40 and mitochondrial function in PD. We assume that the YKL-40 gene and protein levels in combination with changes in mitochondrial function might serve as an additional tool to monitor the clinical course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastasia Trenova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- University Hospital “Kaspela”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (M.G.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute at MU-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Zheng M, Liu M, Zhang C. Melatonin Ameliorates Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) through SESN2 Regulated Antiapoptosis. Obstet Gynecol Int 2023; 2023:1121227. [PMID: 37937274 PMCID: PMC10626722 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most severe complications after ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, its pathogenesis still remains unclear. Melatonin is an important antioxidant factor in female reproduction and Sestrin-2 (SESN2) is reported to be involved in cellular response to different stress conditions. Whether or not melatonin and SESN2 are involved in OHSS is still a question to us clinicians. Methods and Results We collected the granulosa cells of OHSS patients and focused on the role of SESN2 in OHSS. We also studied the role and mechanism of melatonin plays in OHSS patients. We found that the expression of SESN2 was increased in the granulosa cells of OHSS patients (n = 24) than those in controls (n = 15). Incubation with angiotensin II (1 μM, 2 μM) in HUVECs and H2O2 (0.1 mM, 0.2 mM) in KGNs increased the generation of ROS concurrent with the increased expression of SESN2, while melatonin treatment partly restored SESN2 levels. The mechanism study demonstrated that SESN2 was deeply involved in the regulation of AMPK and mTOR, whereas melatonin partially restored angiotensin II or H2O2 induced the activation of AMPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of mTOR, 4EBP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation, all of which could trigger cell apoptosis. Conclusions These findings indicated that melatonin attenuated ROS-induced apoptosis through SESN2-AMPK-mTOR in OHSS. Thus, melatonin is likely to be a potential and important therapeutic agent for treating and preventing OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Ay U, Yıldırım Z, Erdogdu E, Kiçik A, Ozturk-Isik E, Demiralp T, Gurvit H. Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1309-1320. [PMID: 37786655 PMCID: PMC10542039 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Ay
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Yıldırım
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, 34200 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Erdogdu
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Isik University, 34980 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ani Kiçik
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Outeiro TF, Bellucci A. Changes in α-Synuclein Posttranslational Modifications in an AAV-Based Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13435. [PMID: 37686236 PMCID: PMC10488235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and accumulation of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN), inclusions mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. Studies linking the occurrence of mutations and multiplications of the α-Syn gene (SNCA) to the onset of PD support that α-Syn deposition may play a causal role in the disease, in line with the hypothesis that disease progression may correlate with the spreading of LB pathology in the brain. Interestingly, LB accumulate posttranslationally modified forms of α-Syn, suggesting that α-Syn posttranslational modifications impinge on α-Syn aggregation and/or toxicity. Here, we aimed at investigating changes in α-Syn phosphorylation, nitration and acetylation in mice subjected to nigral stereotaxic injections of adeno-associated viral vectors inducing overexpression of human α-Syn (AAV-hα-Syn), that model genetic PD with SNCA multiplications. We detected a mild increase of serine (Ser) 129 phosphorylated α-Syn in the substantia nigra (SN) of AAV-hα-Syn-injected mice in spite of the previously described marked accumulation of this PTM in the striatum. Following AAV-hα-Syn injection, tyrosine (Tyr) 125/136 nitrated α-Syn accumulation in the absence of general 3-nitrotirosine (3NT) or nitrated-Tyr39 α-Syn changes and augmented protein acetylation abundantly overlapping with α-Syn immunopositivity were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Brembati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy (F.L.)
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Longhena
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy (F.L.)
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy (F.L.)
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Brembati V, Faustini G, Longhena F, Bellucci A. Alpha synuclein post translational modifications: potential targets for Parkinson's disease therapy? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197853. [PMID: 37305556 PMCID: PMC10248004 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. The neuropathological alterations characterizing the brain of patients with PD include the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB), intraneuronal inclusions that are mainly composed of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils. The accumulation of α-Syn in insoluble aggregates is a main neuropathological feature in PD and in other neurodegenerative diseases, including LB dementia (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are therefore defined as synucleinopathies. Compelling evidence supports that α-Syn post translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, glycation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination and C-terminal cleavage, play important roles in the modulation α-Syn aggregation, solubility, turnover and membrane binding. In particular, PTMs can impact on α-Syn conformational state, thus supporting that their modulation can in turn affect α-Syn aggregation and its ability to seed further soluble α-Syn fibrillation. This review focuses on the importance of α-Syn PTMs in PD pathophysiology but also aims at highlighting their general relevance as possible biomarkers and, more importantly, as innovative therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. In addition, we call attention to the multiple challenges that we still need to face to enable the development of novel therapeutic approaches modulating α-Syn PTMs.
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Carceles-Cordon M, Weintraub D, Chen-Plotkin AS. Cognitive heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease: A mechanistic view. Neuron 2023; 111:1531-1546. [PMID: 37028431 PMCID: PMC10198897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment occurs in most individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), exacting a high toll on patients, their caregivers, and the healthcare system. In this review, we begin by summarizing the current clinical landscape surrounding cognition in PD. We then discuss how cognitive impairment and dementia may develop in PD based on the spread of the pathological protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) from neurons in brainstem regions to those in the cortical regions of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, as first proposed in the Braak hypothesis. We appraise the Braak hypothesis from molecular (conformations of aSyn), cell biological (cell-to-cell spread of pathological aSyn), and organ-level (region-to-region spread of aSyn pathology at the whole brain level) viewpoints. Finally, we argue that individual host factors may be the most poorly understood aspect of this pathological process, accounting for substantial heterogeneity in the pattern and pace of cognitive decline in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Yuan M, Du N, Song Z. Primary motor area-related injury of anterior central gyrus in Parkinson's disease with dyskinesia: a study based on MRS and Q-Space. Neurosci Lett 2023; 805:137224. [PMID: 37019268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and Q-Space imaging technology, this research analyzes the imaging characteristics of white matter fibers in the primary motor cortex and posterior limbs of the subcortical internal capsule in parkinsonian patients with motor disorders. The correlation among the changes in axonal function and structure in the cerebral cortex and subcortical cortex and motor disorder is further revealed. METHODS First, motor function and clinical condition of 20 patients with Parkinson's disease is assessed the third section of the Unified Parkinson's Scale and H&Y Parkinson's Clinical Staging Scale. Magnetic resonance (MR) scanning is performed with 1H-MRS. Secondly, the range maps of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) in the region of interest (the primary motor area of anterior central cortex gyrus, i.e. M1 region) are obtained, and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho are calculated. Third, Q-Space MR diffusion imaging technique is used to collect Q-Space images, and a Dsi-studio workstation is used to post-process the images. The fraction anisotropic (FA), generalized fraction anisotropic (GFA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters of Q-Space in the primary motor cortex and the region of interest in the posterior limb of the internal capsule are obtained. Finally, the parameters of MRS and Q-Space in the experimental group and the control group are further analyzed by SPSS statistical software. RESULTS After assessing with Parkinson's score scale, there is obvious motor dysfunction in the experimental group. The average clinical stage of H&Y is 3.0±0.31. In the analysis of MRS data, the ratio of NAA/Cr in the primary motor area of the anterior central gyrus in the experimental group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). In the ADC map obtained by Q-Space imaging technique, the ADC value in the primary motor area of the anterior central gyrus in the experimental group is higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). There is no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05) in FA and GFA values of the posterior limb of capsule to characterize the characteristics of white matter fibers. CONCLUSIONS In parkinsonian patients with motor dysfunction, there are apparent functional and structural changes in the primary motor area neurons and peripheral white matter of the anterior central gyrus, and no obvious damage to the axonal structure of the descending fibers in the cortex.
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Differential serum microRNAs in premotor LRRK2 G2019S carriers from Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 36732514 PMCID: PMC9894906 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The LRRK2 G2019S pathogenic mutation causes LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (L2PD) with incomplete penetrance. LRRK2 non-manifesting carriers (L2NMC) are at PD high risk but predicting pheno-conversion is challenging given the lack of progression biomarkers. To investigate novel biomarkers for PD premotor stages, we performed a longitudinal microRNA (miRNA) assessment of serum samples from G2019S L2NMC followed-up over 8 years. Our cohort consisted of G2019S L2NMC stratified by dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) into DaT-negative (n = 20) and DaT-positive L2NMC (n = 20), pheno-converted G2019S L2PD patients (n = 20), idiopathic PD (iPD) (n = 19), and controls (n = 40). We also screened a second cohort of L2PD patients (n = 19) and controls (n = 20) (Total n = 158). Compared to healthy controls, we identified eight deregulated miRNAs in DaT-negative L2NMC, six in DaT-positive L2NMC, and one in L2PD. Between groups, the highest miRNA differences, 24 candidate miRNAs, occurred between DaT-positive L2NMC and L2PD. Longitudinally, we found 11 common miRNAs with sustained variation in DaT-negative and DaT-positive L2NMCs compared to their baselines. Our study identifies novel miRNA alterations in premotor stages of PD co-occurring with progressive DaT-SPECT decline before motor manifestation, whose deregulation seems to attenuate after the diagnosis of L2PD. Moreover, we identified four miRNAs with relatively high discriminative ability (AUC = 0.82) between non-pheno-converted DaT-positive G2019S carriers and pheno-converted L2PD patients (miR-4505, miR-8069, miR-6125, and miR-451a), which hold potential as early progression biomarkers for PD.
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Signorile A, De Rasmo D. Mitochondrial Complex I, a Possible Sensible Site of cAMP Pathway in Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020221. [PMID: 36829783 PMCID: PMC9951957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals during aging, reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, cause oxidative damage of macromolecules leading to respiratory chain dysfunction, which in turn increases ROS mitochondrial production. Many efforts have been made to understand the role of oxidative stress in aging and age-related diseases. The complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is the major source of ROS production and its dysfunctions have been associated with several forms of neurodegeneration, other common human diseases and aging. Complex I-ROS production and complex I content have been proposed as the major determinants for longevity. The cAMP signal has a role in the regulation of complex I activity and the decrease of ROS production. In the last years, an increasing number of studies have attempted to activate cAMP signaling to treat age-related diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and ROS production. This idea comes from a long-line of studies showing a main role of cAMP signal in the memory consolidation mechanism and in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Here, we discuss several evidences on the possible connection between complex I and cAMP pathway in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-544-8516
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12
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Rahman MM, Wang X, Islam MR, Akash S, Supti FA, Mitu MI, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Aktar MN, Khatun Kali MS, Jahan FI, Singla RK, Shen B, Rauf A, Sharma R. Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: At a glance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976385. [PMID: 36299886 PMCID: PMC9590378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural substances originating from plants have long been used to treat neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Parkinson's disease (PD) is a ND. The deterioration and subsequent cognitive impairments of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons distinguish by this characteristic. Various pathogenic mechanisms and critical components have been reported, despite the fact that the origin is unknown, such as protein aggregation, iron buildup, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Anti-Parkinson drugs like dopamine (DA) agonists, levodopa, carbidopa, monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and anticholinergics are used to replace DA in the current treatment model. Surgery is advised in cases where drug therapy is ineffective. Unfortunately, the current conventional treatments for PD have a number of harmful side effects and are expensive. As a result, new therapeutic strategies that control the mechanisms that contribute to neuronal death and dysfunction must be addressed. Natural resources have long been a useful source of possible treatments. PD can be treated with a variety of natural therapies made from medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables. In addition to their well-known anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities, these natural products also play inhibitory roles in iron buildup, protein misfolding, the maintenance of proteasomal breakdown, mitochondrial homeostasis, and other neuroprotective processes. The goal of this research is to systematically characterize the currently available medications for Parkinson's and their therapeutic effects, which target diverse pathways. Overall, this analysis looks at the kinds of natural things that could be used in the future to treat PD in new ways or as supplements to existing treatments. We looked at the medicinal plants that can be used to treat PD. The use of natural remedies, especially those derived from plants, to treat PD has been on the rise. This article examines the fundamental characteristics of medicinal plants and the bioactive substances found in them that may be utilized to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohona Islam Mitu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Nazmin Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Most. Sumaiya Khatun Kali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Israt Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Zheng JH, Sun WH, Ma JJ, Wang ZD, Chang QQ, Dong LR, Shi XX, Li MJ, Gu Q, Chen SY. Structural and functional abnormalities in Parkinson's disease based on voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136835. [PMID: 35963477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls, and to examine whether the structural abnormalities correlate with functional abnormalities. METHODS T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed on 180 patients with PD and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare GMV and WMV between groups, and resting-state fMRI to compare amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the structurally abnormal brain regions. RESULTS Structural neuroimaging showed smaller whole-brain GMV, but not WMV, in patients. Furthermore, VBM revealed smaller GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left frontotemporal space in patients, after correction for multiple comparisons. Patients also showed significantly higher ALFF in the right STG. GMV in the right STG and left frontotemporal space in patients correlated negatively with age and scores on Part III of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, but not with PD duration. CONCLUSIONS Structural atrophy in the frontotemporal lobe may be a useful imaging biomarker in PD, such as for detecting disease progression. Furthermore, this structural atrophy appears to correlate with enhanced spontaneous brain activity. This study associates particular structural and functional abnormalities with PD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wen Hua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Jun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhi Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Qing Chang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Rui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Xue Shi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ming Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Si Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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14
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Martins-Pinge MC, de Jager L, de Campos BH, Bezerra LO, Turini PG, Pinge-Filho P. Nitric Oxide Involvement in Cardiovascular Dysfunctions of Parkinson Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898797. [PMID: 35899105 PMCID: PMC9309809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, causing motor changes. In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor dysfunctions such as psychological, sensory and autonomic disorders are recorded. Manifestations related to the autonomic nervous system include the cardiovascular system, as postural hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and low blood pressure. One of the mediators involved is the nitric oxide (NO). In addition to the known roles such as vasodilator, neuromodulator, NO acts as an important mediator of the immune response, increasing the inflammatory response provoked by PD in central nervous system. The use of non-specific NOS inhibitors attenuated the neurodegenerative response in animal models of PD. However, the mechanisms by which NO contributes to neurodegeneration are still not well understood. The literature suggest that the contribution of NO occurs through its interaction with superoxides, products of oxidative stress, and blocking of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in neuronal death. Most studies involving Parkinsonism models have evaluated brain NO concentrations, with little data available on its peripheral action. Considering that studies that evaluated the involvement of NO in the neurodegeneration in PD, through NOS inhibitors administration, showed neuroprotection in rats, it has prompted new studies to assess the participation of NOS isoforms in cardiovascular changes induced by parkinsonism, and thus to envision new targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders in PD. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to assess available information on the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cardiovascular aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge,
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Oliveira Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pamela Giovana Turini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina—UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina- UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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15
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Maremmani C, Rovini E, Salvadori S, Pecori A, Pasquini J, Ciammola A, Rossi S, Berchina G, Monastero R, Cavallo F. Hands-feet wireless devices: Test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of motor measures in Parkinson's disease telemonitoring. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:304-317. [PMID: 35788914 PMCID: PMC9541466 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemonitoring, a branch of telemedicine, involves the use of technological tools to remotely detect clinical data and evaluate patients. Telemonitoring of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) should be performed using reliable and discriminant motor measures. Furthermore, the method of data collection and transmission, and the type of subjects suitable for telemonitoring must be well defined. OBJECTIVE To analyze differences in patients with PD and healthy controls (HC) with the wearable inertial device SensHands-SensFeet (SH-SF), adopting a standardized acquisition mode, to verify if motor measures provided by SH-SF have a high discriminating capacity and high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). METHODS Altogether, 64 patients with mild-to-moderate PD and 50 HC performed 14 standardized motor activities for assessing bradykinesia, postural and resting tremors, and gait parameters. SH-SF inertial devices were used to acquire movements and calculate objective motor measures of movement (total: 75). For each motor task, five or more biomechanical parameters were measured twice. The results were compared between patients with PD and HC. RESULTS Fifty-eight objective motor measures significantly differed between patients with PD and HC; among these, 32 demonstrated relevant discrimination power (Cohen's d > 0.8). The test-retest reliability was excellent in patients with PD (median ICC = 0.85 right limbs, 0.91 left limbs) and HC (median ICC = 0.78 right limbs, 0.82 left limbs). CONCLUSION In a supervised environment, the SH-SF device provides motor measures with good results in terms of reliability and discriminant ability. The reliability of SH-SF measurements should be evaluated in an unsupervised home setting in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maremmani
- Unit of Neurology, Ospedale Apuane, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa, Italy
| | - Erika Rovini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciammola
- Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Berchina
- Unit of Neurology, Ospedale Apuane, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Cavallo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Olesen MA, Villavicencio-Tejo F, Quintanilla RA. The use of fibroblasts as a valuable strategy for studying mitochondrial impairment in neurological disorders. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:36. [PMID: 35787292 PMCID: PMC9251940 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction leading to synaptic failure, cognitive impairment, and motor injury. Among these diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have raised a significant research interest. These disorders present common neuropathological signs, including neuronal dysfunction, protein accumulation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial abnormalities. In this context, mitochondrial impairment is characterized by a deficiency in ATP production, excessive production of reactive oxygen species, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial transport failure, and mitochondrial dynamics deficiencies. These defects in mitochondrial health could compromise the synaptic process, leading to early cognitive dysfunction observed in these NDs. Interestingly, skin fibroblasts from AD, PD, HD, and ALS patients have been suggested as a useful strategy to investigate and detect early mitochondrial abnormalities in these NDs. In this context, fibroblasts are considered a viable model for studying neurodegenerative changes due to their metabolic and biochemical relationships with neurons. Also, studies of our group and others have shown impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics in fibroblasts from patients diagnosed with sporadic and genetic forms of AD, PD, HD, and ALS. Interestingly, these mitochondrial abnormalities have been observed in the brain tissues of patients suffering from the same pathologies. Therefore, fibroblasts represent a novel strategy to study the genesis and progression of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, PD, HD, and ALS. This review discusses recent evidence that proposes fibroblasts as a potential target to study mitochondrial bioenergetics impairment in neurological disorders and consequently to search for new biomarkers of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe A Olesen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Villavicencio-Tejo
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Gao XY, Yang T, Gu Y, Sun XH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885500. [PMID: 35795234 PMCID: PMC9250984 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders worldwide. There are currently no cures or preventative treatments for PD. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD. Because dopaminergic neurons have high energy demand, cells affected by PD exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction that promotes the disease-defining the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The mitochondrion has a particularly important role as the cellular “powerhouse” of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, mitochondria have become a promising therapeutic target for PD treatments. This review aims to describe mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of PD, outline the genes associated with familial PD and the factors related to sporadic PD, summarize current knowledge on mitochondrial quality control in PD, and give an overview of therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria in neuroprotective interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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18
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Dorostgou Z, Yadegar N, Dorostgou Z, Khorvash F, Vakili O. Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1775-1790. [PMID: 35642104 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue-specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up- or downregulate the expression of α-Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Negar Yadegar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dorostgou
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Roh J, Subramanian S, Weinreb NJ, Kartha RV. Gaucher disease – more than just a rare lipid storage disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:499-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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20
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Lee SJ, Shaw PM, Thornton B, Kumar A, Eizik M, Goldstaub D, Braun T, Teper G, Pai JK, Chodick G, Bienfait K, Levitan D, Beller D, Chris Min K, Jonathan D, Voss T, Fox CS, Aubrey Stoch S, Struyk AF, Vainstein G. An Exploratory Study Using Electronic Medical Records to Assess the Feasibility of Establishing Cohorts of Patients with Genetic Causes of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1645-1653. [PMID: 35466950 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More efficient screening methods are needed to improve the ability to identify and follow genetic cohorts in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To explore the use of the electronic medical records (EMRs) to identify participants with PD. METHODS Using an algorithm previously developed in collaboration with Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), approximately 5,200 participants with PD were identified, more than 3,200 were screened, and 837 participants were enrolled and genotyped for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and beta-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) variants. Questionnaires were completed to ascertain Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry and family history of PD. RESULTS Among 837 participants with PD, 82% were 65 years and older and 72% had a family history of AJ ancestry. Among those with AJ ancestry, 15.6% reported having relatives with PD. The frequency of observed mutations for LRRK2 and GBA genes combined was approximately 15.4%. The frequency of observed LRRK2 mutation was 6.1% overall and 7.2% from those with AJ ancestry; and for GBA mutation was 9.3% overall and 11.2% from those with AJ ancestry. CONCLUSION Although the frequency of observed mutations in this study was lower than anticipated, mutation carriers were enriched among those with a family history of AJ ancestry increasing nearly 2-3-fold, from 3% -7% (LRRK2) and 4% -11% (GBA). The identification (and selection) of PD patients through EMRs prior to genotyping is a viable approach, to establish a genetically defined cohort of patients with PD for clinical research.
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21
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Higgins AL, Toffoli M, Mullin S, Lee CY, Koletsi S, Avenali M, Blandini F, Schapira AH. The remote assessment of parkinsonism supporting ongoing development of interventions in Gaucher disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2021; 11:451-458. [PMID: 34666501 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GBA which are causative of Gaucher disease in their biallelic form, are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The diagnosis of PD relies upon clinically defined motor features which appear after irreversible neurodegeneration. Prodromal symptoms of PD may provide a means to predict latent pathology, years before the onset of motor features. Previous work has reported prodromal features of PD in GBA mutation carriers, however this has been insufficiently sensitive to identify those that will develop PD. The Remote Assessment of Parkinsonism Supporting Ongoing Development of Interventions in Gaucher Disease (RAPSODI GD) study assesses a large cohort of GBA mutation carriers, to aid development of procedures for earlier diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Louise Higgins
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - Chiao-Yin Lee
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sofia Koletsi
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony Hv Schapira
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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22
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Enhanced Plasmonic Biosensor Utilizing Paired Antibody and Label-Free Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Parkinson's α-Synuclein in Serum. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100402. [PMID: 34677358 PMCID: PMC8534275 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an acute and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and diagnosis of the disease at its earliest stage is of paramount importance to improve the life expectancy of patients. α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of PD, and there is a great need to develop a biosensing platform that precisely detects α-syn in human body fluids. Herein, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on the label-free iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and paired antibody for the highly sensitive and selective detection of α-syn in serum samples. The sensitivity of the SPR platform is enhanced significantly by directly depositing Fe3O4 NPs on the Au surface at a high density to increase the decay length of the evanescent field on the Au film. Moreover, the utilization of rabbit-type monoclonal antibody (α-syn-RmAb) immobilized on Au films allows the SPR platform to have a high affinity-selectivity binding performance compared to mouse-type monoclonal antibodies as a common bioreceptor for capturing α-syn molecules. As a result, the current platform has a detection limit of 5.6 fg/mL, which is 20,000-fold lower than that of commercial ELISA. The improved sensor chip can also be easily regenerated to repeat the α-syn measurement with the same sensitivity. Furthermore, the SPR sensor was applied to the direct analysis of α-syn in serum samples. By using a format of paired α-syn-RmAb, the SPR sensor provides a recovery rate in the range from 94.5% to 104.3% to detect the α-syn in diluted serum samples precisely. This work demonstrates a highly sensitive and selective quantification approach to detect α-syn in human biofluids and paves the way for the future development in the early diagnosis of PD.
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23
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Azamat S, Betul Arslan D, Erdogdu E, Kicik A, Cengiz S, Eryürek K, Tufekcioglu Z, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Demiralp T, Gurvit H, Ozturk-Isik E. Detection of visual and frontoparietal network perfusion deficits in Parkinson's disease dementia. Eur J Radiol 2021; 144:109985. [PMID: 34619619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment of Parkinson's disease (PD) may be an early manifestation that may progressively worsen to dementia. Cognitive decline has been associated with changes in the brain perfusion pattern. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficits specific to different stages of cognitive decline. Seventeen patients with cognitively normal PD (PD-CN), 18 patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), and 16 patients with PD with dementia (PDD) were included in this study. The participants were scanned using a 3 T Philips MRI scanner. Arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance (ASL-MR) images were acquired, followed by calculation of the CBF maps, and registration onto the MNI152 brain atlas. A whole-brain voxel-based CBF comparison was performed among the patient groups using age as a covariate. The mean age of patients with PDD was significantly higher than that of patients with PD-MCI (P = 0.015) and PD-CN (P = 0.001). The CBF values of the three groups were significantly different in the left cuneus of the visual network (VN), left inferior frontal gyrus of the frontoparietal network (FPN), and left dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. PDD had lower perfusion values than PD-MCI group in the same regions detected in the main group analysis. Additionally, comparison of PDD with PD-CN and non-demented groups revealed that the perfusion reduction extended into the bilateral cuneus of the VN, bilateral thalami, and left inferior frontal gyrus of the FPN. PDD could be separated from PD-MCI and PD-CN stages with CBF deficits in non-dopaminergically mediated posterior and dopaminergically mediated frontal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Azamat
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey; Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Betul Arslan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Erdogdu
- Neuroimaging Unit Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Isik University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ani Kicik
- Neuroimaging Unit Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demircioglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Cengiz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kardelen Eryürek
- Neuroimaging Unit Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tufekcioglu
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Neuroimaging Unit Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Center, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Taghizadeh E, Gheibihayat SM, Taheri F, Afshani SM, Farahani N, Saberi A. LncRNAs as putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4007-4015. [PMID: 34254198 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as one of the most common degenerative disorders related to the damage of the central nervous system (CNS). This brain disorder is also characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), which consequently leads to motor and non-motor symptoms. With regard to the growing trend in the number of cases with PD and its effects on individuals, families, and communities, immediate treatments together with diagnostic methods are required. In this respect, long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) represent a large class of ncRNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length, playing key roles in some important processes including gene expression, cell differentiation, genomic imprinting, apoptosis, and cell cycle. They are highly expressed in the CNS and previous studies have further reported that the expression profile of lncRNAs is disrupted in human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Since the levels of some lncRNAs change over time in the brains of patients with PD, a number of previous studies have examined their potentials as biomarkers for this brain disorder. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to review the advances in the related literature on lncRNAs as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Forough Taheri
- Islamic Azad University (Shahrekord Branch), Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Afshani
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alihossein Saberi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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25
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Du T, Wang L, Liu W, Zhu G, Chen Y, Zhang J. Biomarkers and the Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:645996. [PMID: 33833675 PMCID: PMC8021696 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.645996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of α-synuclein (α-Syn)-rich Lewy bodies (LBs) and the preferential loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc). However, the widespread involvement of other central nervous systems (CNS) structures and peripheral tissues is now widely documented. The onset of the molecular and cellular neuropathology of PD likely occurs decades before the onset of the motor symptoms characteristic of PD, so early diagnosis of PD and adequate tracking of disease progression could significantly improve outcomes for patients. Because the clinical diagnosis of PD is challenging, misdiagnosis is common, which highlights the need for disease-specific and early-stage biomarkers. This review article aims to summarize useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD, as well as the biomarkers used to monitor disease progression. This review article describes the role of α-Syn in PD and how it could potentially be used as a biomarker for PD. Also, preclinical and clinical investigations encompassing genetics, immunology, fluid and tissue, imaging, as well as neurophysiology biomarkers are discussed. Knowledge of the novel biomarkers for preclinical detection and clinical evaluation will contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease mechanism, which should more effectively guide clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Du
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson’s Disease, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, China
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26
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Kimber TE. Approach to the patient with early Parkinson disease: diagnosis and management. Intern Med J 2021; 51:20-26. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Kimber
- Neurology Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia
- University Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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27
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Ahmed S, Kwatra M, Ranjan Panda S, Murty USN, Naidu VGM. Andrographolide suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia through induction of parkin-mediated mitophagy in in-vitro and in-vivo models of Parkinson disease. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:142-158. [PMID: 32971182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication linking microglia activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss play an imperative role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, underlying molecular mechanisms are not precise and require further elucidation. NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is extensively studied in context to microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD. Several pathophysiological factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction impaired mitophagy plays a crucial role in activating NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Hence, regulation of microglial activation through mitophagy could be a valuable strategy in controlling microglia mediated neurodegeneration. In this study we have developed a model of inflammasome activation by combining LPS with a mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor MPP+. The idea of using MPP+ after priming mouse microglia with LPS was to disrupt mitochondria and release reactive oxygen species, which act as Signal 2 in augmenting NLRP3 assembly, thereby releasing potent inflammatory mediators such as active interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. LPS-MPP+ combination was seen to impaired the mitophagy by inhibiting the initial step of autophagosome formation as evidenced by protein expression and confocal imaging data. Treatment with Andrographolide promoted the parkin-dependent autophagic flux formation in microglia; resulting in the removal of defective mitochondria which in turn inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, the neuroprotective role of Andrographolide in inhibiting NLRP3 activation together with salvage ATP level via promoting parkin-dependent mitophagy was seen in the substantial nigra par compacta (SNpc) region of mice brain. Furthermore, Andrographolide rescued the dopaminergic neuron loss and improved the behavioural parameters in animal model. Collectively, our results reveal the role of mitophagy in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by removing defective mitochondria. In addition, andrographolide was seen to abate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia and rescue dopaminergic neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - U S N Murty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam 781101, India.
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28
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Parkinson disease and the gut: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:673-685. [PMID: 32737460 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The classic view portrays Parkinson disease (PD) as a motor disorder resulting from loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons. Multiple studies, however, describe prodromal, non-motor dysfunctions that affect the quality of life of patients who subsequently develop PD. These prodromal dysfunctions comprise a wide array of gastrointestinal motility disorders including dysphagia, delayed gastric emptying and chronic constipation. The histological hallmark of PD - misfolded α-synuclein aggregates that form Lewy bodies and neurites - is detected in the enteric nervous system prior to clinical diagnosis, suggesting that the gastrointestinal tract and its neural (vagal) connection to the central nervous system could have a major role in disease aetiology. This Review provides novel insights on the pathogenesis of PD, including gut-to-brain trafficking of α-synuclein as well as the newly discovered nigro-vagal pathway, and highlights how vagal connections from the gut could be the conduit by which ingested environmental pathogens enter the central nervous system and ultimately induce, or accelerate, PD progression. The pathogenic potential of various environmental neurotoxicants and the suitability and translational potential of experimental animal models of PD will be highlighted and appraised. Finally, the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal involvement in PD and medications will be discussed briefly.
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29
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Requejo C, López-de-Ipiña K, Ruiz-Ortega JÁ, Fernández E, Calvo PM, Morera-Herreras T, Miguelez C, Cardona-Grifoll L, Cepeda H, Ugedo L, Lafuente JV. Changes in Day/Night Activity in the 6-OHDA-Induced Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Prodromal Biomarkers. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:590029. [PMID: 33154717 PMCID: PMC7591774 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.590029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for experimental models mimicking an early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) before motor manifestations is fundamental in order to explore early signs and get a better prognosis. Interestingly, our previous studies have indicated that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a suitable model to induce an early degeneration of the nigrostriatal system without any gross motor impairment. Considering our previous findings, we aim to implement a novel system to monitor rats after intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA to detect and analyze physiological changes underlying prodromal PD. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were unilaterally injected with 6-OHDA (n = 10) or saline solution (n = 10) into the right striatum and placed in enriched environment cages where the activity was monitored. After 2 weeks, the amphetamine test was performed before the sacrifice. Immunohistochemistry was developed for the morphological evaluation and western blot analysis to assess molecular changes. Home-cage monitoring revealed behavioral changes in response to 6-OHDA administration including significant hyperactivity and hypoactivity during the light and dark phase, respectively, turning out in a change of the circadian timing. A preclinical stage of PD was functionally confirmed with the amphetamine test. Moreover, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression was significantly correlated with the motor results, and 6-OHDA induced early proapoptotic events. Our findings provide evidence for a novel prodromal 6-OHDA model following a customized monitoring system that could give insights to detect non-motor deficits and molecular targets to test neuroprotective/neurorestorative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Requejo
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karmele López-de-Ipiña
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José Ángel Ruiz-Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elsa Fernández
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Pilar M. Calvo
- EleKin Research Group, Department of Systems Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Cardona-Grifoll
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Hodei Cepeda
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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30
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Grażyńska A, Urbaś W, Antoniuk S, Adamczewska K, Bień M, Chmiela T, Siuda J. Comparative analysis of non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's Disease and atypical parkinsonisms. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 197:106088. [PMID: 32683195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After being diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) or Atypical Parkinsonism (AP) patients often tend to present non-motor symptoms (NMS). The aim of the study was to explore the differences between occurrence of non-motor symptoms presented by patients with IPD and AP, including sleep, autonomic, psychotic and affective disorders. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study included 219 patients (184 with IPD, and 35 with AP) hospitalized between 2016 and 2019 in the Department of Neurology of the Medical University of Silesia. Non-motor symptoms were evaluated using patients' medical chart reviews and NMS questionnaire. The clinical advancement of the disease was assessed using UPDRS part III, and modified Hoehn-Yahr scale (HY). RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between both IPD and AP groups within the parameters of sex, age, HY and UPDRS III OFF scales. Non-motor symptoms were presented significantly often (p = 0.003) in AP patients (n = 32, 91.4 %), then in patients with IPD (n = 122, 66.3 %). Sleep disorders were significantly more prevalent in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 92, 50 %) than in patients with atypical parkinsonism (n = 8, 22.86 %, p = 0.0031). However, autonomic and psychotic disorders didn't show statistically significant differences in both groups. CONCLUSION Non-motor symptoms are frequent in both IPD and AP which makes them an integral part of both diseases. Patients with AP are more likely to present non-motor symptoms in general, but rarely they complain of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grażyńska
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - W Urbaś
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - S Antoniuk
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - K Adamczewska
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - M Bień
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - T Chmiela
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - J Siuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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31
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Mueller WF, Jakob P, Sun H, Clauder-Münster S, Ghidelli-Disse S, Ordonez D, Boesche M, Bantscheff M, Collier P, Haase B, Benes V, Paulsen M, Sehr P, Lewis J, Drewes G, Steinmetz LM. Loss of N-Glycanase 1 Alters Transcriptional and Translational Regulation in K562 Cell Lines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:1585-1597. [PMID: 32265286 PMCID: PMC7202010 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.401031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency is an ultra-rare, complex and devastating neuromuscular disease. Patients display multi-organ symptoms including developmental delays, movement disorders, seizures, constipation and lack of tear production. NGLY1 is a deglycosylating protein involved in the degradation of misfolded proteins retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). NGLY1-deficient cells have been reported to exhibit decreased deglycosylation activity and an increased sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. We show that the loss of NGLY1 causes substantial changes in the RNA and protein landscape of K562 cells and results in downregulation of proteasomal subunits, consistent with its processing of the transcription factor NFE2L1. We employed the CMap database to predict compounds that can modulate NGLY1 activity. Utilizing our robust K562 screening system, we demonstrate that the compound NVP-BEZ235 (Dactosilib) promotes degradation of NGLY1-dependent substrates, concurrent with increased autophagic flux, suggesting that stimulating autophagy may assist in clearing aberrant substrates during NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Mueller
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Petra Jakob
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Han Sun
- Stanford University, CA, 94305
| | - Sandra Clauder-Münster
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Sonja Ghidelli-Disse
- Cellzome GmbH, a GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Diana Ordonez
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Markus Boesche
- Cellzome GmbH, a GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, a GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Paul Collier
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Bettina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Malte Paulsen
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Peter Sehr
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Joe Lewis
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH, a GlaxoSmithKline Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Labs, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117
- Stanford University, CA, 94305
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32
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Avenali M, Blandini F, Cerri S. Glucocerebrosidase Defects as a Major Risk Factor for Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:97. [PMID: 32372943 PMCID: PMC7186450 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations of the GBA1 gene, encoding for lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), occur in a considerable percentage of all patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), varying between 8% and 12% across the world. Genome wide association studies have confirmed the strong correlation between PD and GBA1 mutations, pointing to this element as a major risk factor for PD, possibly the most important one after age. The pathobiological mechanisms underlying the link between a defective function of GCase and the development of PD are still unknown and are currently the focus of intense investigation in the community of pre-clinical and clinical researchers in the PD field. A major controversy regards the fact that, despite the unequivocal correlation between the presence of GBA1 mutations and the risk of developing PD, only a minority of asymptomatic carriers with GBA1 mutations convert to PD in their lifetime. GBA1 mutations reduce the enzymatic function of GCase, impairing lysosomal efficiency and the cellular ability to dispose of pathological alpha-synuclein. Changes in the cellular lipidic content resulting from the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, triggered by lysosomal dysfunction, may contribute to the pathological modification of alpha-synuclein, due to its ability to interact with cell membrane lipids. Mutant GCase can impair mitochondrial function and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby impacting on cellular energy production and proteostasis. Importantly, reduced GCase activity is associated with clear activation of microglia, a major mediator of neuroinflammatory response within the brain parenchyma, which points to neuroinflammation as a major consequence of GCase dysfunction. In this present review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of GBA1 mutations in PD development and their phenotypic correlations. We also discuss the potential role of the GCase pathway in the search for PD biomarkers that may enable the development of disease modifying therapies. Answering these questions will aid clinicians in offering more appropriate counseling to the patients and their caregivers and provide future directions for PD preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Avenali
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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The expression level of alpha-synuclein in different neuronal populations is the primary determinant of its prion-like seeding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4895. [PMID: 32184415 PMCID: PMC7078319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn)-rich aggregates propagate in neuronal networks and compromise cellular homeostasis leading to synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. Aggregated aSyn spread follows a conserved spatio-temporal pattern that is not solely dependent on connectivity. Hence, the differential tropism of aSyn-rich aggregates to distinct brain regions, or their ability to amplify within those regions, must contribute to this process. To better understand what underlies aSyn-rich aggregates distribution within the brain, we generated primary neuronal cultures from various brain regions of wild-type mice and mice expressing a reduced level of aSyn, and exposed them to fibrillar aSyn. We then assessed exogenous fibrillar aSyn uptake, endogenous aSyn seeding, and endogenous aSyn physiological expression levels. Despite a similar uptake of exogenous fibrils by neuronal cells from distinct brain regions, the seeded aggregation of endogenous aSyn differed greatly from one neuronal population to another. The different susceptibility of neuronal populations was linked to their aSyn expression level. Our data establish that endogenous aSyn expression level plays a key role in fibrillar aSyn prion-like seeding, supporting that endogenous aSyn expression level participates in selective regional brain vulnerability.
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Andrejew R, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro D, Godoy M, Granato A, Ulrich H. Targeting Purinergic Signaling and Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:275-353. [PMID: 31898792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines exert several functions in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. ATP acts through P2 receptors as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and modulates heart contractility, while adenosine participates in neurotransmission, blood pressure, and many other mechanisms. Because of their capability to differentiate into mature cell types, they provide a unique therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged tissue, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Purinergic signaling is pivotal for controlling stem cell differentiation and phenotype determination. Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells of various origins are regulated by purinergic receptors. In this chapter, we selected neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases with clinical trials using cell therapy and purinergic receptor targeting. We discuss these approaches as therapeutic alternatives to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. For instance, promising results were demonstrated in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vascular regeneration. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in general, P2X7 and A2A receptors mostly worsen the degenerative state. Stem cell-based therapy, mainly through mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, showed promising results in improving symptoms caused by neurodegeneration. We propose that purinergic receptor activity regulation combined with stem cells could enhance proliferative and differentiation rates as well as cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Ribeiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Godoy
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Granato
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Xu Y, Cai X, Qu S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Huang Y, Zhong Z. Madopar combined with acupuncture improves motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu C, Feng J, Li J. Effects of glucocerebrosidase gene polymorphisms and mutations on the risk of Parkinson's disease dementia: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134544. [PMID: 31672490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploring the impact of glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) polymorphisms and mutations on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of GBA polymorphisms and mutations on the risk of PDD and to identify the relationship between GBA genotype and PDD. METHODS A computer-based search was performed to retrieve publications from PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases using the search terms "glucocerebrosidase", "Parkinson's disease", and "dementia". After rigorous screening, cohort studies were included for meta-analysis. RESULTS The risk of PDD in GBA variant carriers was 1.94 times that in non-carriers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-2.46). The risk of PDD in GBA polymorphism carriers was 1.87 times that in non-carriers (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.18-2.98). The risk of PDD in GBA mutation carriers was 3.64 times that in non-carriers (HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.74-4.83). The risk of PDD in p.L444P variant carriers (HR, 4.81; 95% CI, 3.37-6.86) was significantly higher than that in p.N370S variant carriers (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.29-1.94). CONCLUSION GBA polymorphisms and mutations are potential risk factors for PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingqi Feng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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Marques NF, Binder LB, Roversi K, Sampaio TB, Constantino LC, Prediger RD, Tasca CI. Guanosine prevents depressive-like behaviors in rats following bilateral dorsolateral striatum lesion induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Avenali M, Toffoli M, Mullin S, McNeil A, Hughes DA, Mehta A, Blandini F, Schapira AHV. Evolution of prodromal parkinsonian features in a cohort of GBA mutation-positive individuals: a 6-year longitudinal study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:1091-1097. [PMID: 31221723 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-320394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GBA1 mutations are a frequent risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical features in a group of GBA1 mutation-positive individuals over a 6-year follow-up. METHODS This is a longitudinal study on a cohort of GBA1-positive carriers. We enrolled 31 patients with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD), 29 GBA1 heterozygous carriers (Het GBA group) and 30 controls (HC) at baseline and followed them for 6 years. We assessed baseline motor and non-motor signs of PD in all subjects using clinical questionnaires and scales (reduced Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS), Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), REM Sleep Behavior Disorder screening questionnaire (RBDsq), Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscale (MDS-UPDRS III) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We repeated these at the 6-year follow-up alongside venous blood sampling for measurement of glucocerebrosidase enzymatic activity (GCase). We explored whether the GCase activity level was altered in leucocytes of these subjects and how it was related to development of PD. RESULTS We observed a significant worsening in UMSARS, RBDsq, MDS-UPDRS III and BDI scores at the 6-year follow-up compared with baseline in both the GD and Het GBA groups. Intergroup comparisons showed that GD subjects had significantly worse scores in UPSIT, UMSARS, MoCA and MDS-UPDRS III than HC, while Het GBA displayed worse outcomes in UPSIT and MDS-UPDRS III compared with HC. In GBA1 mutation-positive individuals (Het GBA and GD), an UPSIT score of 23 at baseline was correlated with worse outcome at 6 years in UPSIT, MoCA, MDS-UPDRS III and BDI. CONCLUSION In this 6-year-long longitudinal study, GBA1 mutation-positive subjects showed a worsening in motor and non-motor prodromal PD features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alisdair McNeil
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Derralynn A Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - A Mehta
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Department of Haematology, Royal Free Hospital, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Krashia P, Cordella A, Nobili A, La Barbera L, Federici M, Leuti A, Campanelli F, Natale G, Marino G, Calabrese V, Vedele F, Ghiglieri V, Picconi B, Di Lazzaro G, Schirinzi T, Sancesario G, Casadei N, Riess O, Bernardini S, Pisani A, Calabresi P, Viscomi MT, Serhan CN, Chiurchiù V, D'Amelio M, Mercuri NB. Blunting neuroinflammation with resolvin D1 prevents early pathology in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3945. [PMID: 31477726 PMCID: PMC6718379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may contribute to midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration. Recent studies link chronic inflammation with failure to resolve early inflammation, a process operated by specialized pro-resolving mediators, including resolvins. However, the effects of stimulating the resolution of inflammation in PD – to modulate disease progression – still remain unexplored. Here we show that rats overexpressing human α-synuclein (Syn) display altered DA neuron properties, reduced striatal DA outflow and motor deficits prior to nigral degeneration. These early alterations are coupled with microglia activation and perturbations of inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators, namely IFN-γ and resolvin D1 (RvD1). Chronic and early RvD1 administration in Syn rats prevents central and peripheral inflammation, as well as neuronal dysfunction and motor deficits. We also show that endogenous RvD1 is decreased in human patients with early-PD. Our results suggest there is an imbalance between neuroinflammatory and pro-resolving processes in PD. Resolvins are endogenous lipids with pro-resolving activity. Here the authors find that rats overexpressing human α-synuclein show defects in dopamine signalling before dopamine cell loss, and that this is associated with low Resolvin D1 levels and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Cordella
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia La Barbera
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Federici
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campanelli
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Natale
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia Marino
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Calabrese
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francescangelo Vedele
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Philosophy, Human, Social and Educational Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Sancesario
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles Nicholas Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Department of Science and Technology for Humans and Environment, University Campus Bio-medico, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Huang MH, Cheng CM, Huang KL, Hsu JW, Bai YM, Su TP, Li CT, Tsai SJ, Lin WC, Chen TJ, Chen MH. Bipolar disorder and risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide longitudinal study. Neurology 2019; 92:e2735-e2742. [PMID: 31118242 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we examined 56,340 patients with BD and 225,360 age- and sex-matched controls between 2001 and 2009 and followed them to the end of 2011. Individuals who developed PD during the follow-up period were identified. RESULTS Patients with BD had a higher incidence of PD (0.7% vs 0.1%, p < 0.001) during the follow-up period than the controls. A Cox regression analysis with adjustments for demographic data and medical comorbid conditions revealed that patients with BD were more likely to develop PD (hazard ratio [HR] 6.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.74-8.02) than the control group. Sensitivity analyses after exclusion of the first year (HR 5.82, 95% CI 4.89-6.93) or first 3 years (HR 4.42; 95% CI 3.63-5.37) of observation showed consistent findings. Moreover, a high frequency of psychiatric admission for manic/mixed and depressive episodes was associated with an increased risk of developing PD. CONCLUSION Patients with BD had a higher incidence of PD during the follow-up period than the control group. Manic/mixed and depressive episodes were associated with an elevated likelihood of developing PD. Further studies are necessary to investigate the underlying pathophysiology between BD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hsuan Huang
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Cheng
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (M.-H.H., C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.) and Family Medicine (T.-J.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C., K.-L.H., J.-W.H., Y.-M.B., T.-P.S., C.-T.L., S.-J.T., W.-C.L., M.-H.C.), College of Medicine, and Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration (T.-J.C.), National Yang-Ming University; Department of Psychiatry (T.-P.S.), Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei; and Department of Psychiatry (C.-M.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuanshan Branch, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is predominantly idiopathic in origin, and a large body of evidence indicates that gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are a significant comorbid clinical feature; these dysfunctions include dysphagia, nausea, delayed gastric emptying, and severe constipation, all of which occur commonly before the onset of the well-known motor symptoms of PD. Based on a distinct distribution pattern of Lewy bodies (LB) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and in the preganglionic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and together with the early onset of GI symptoms, it was suggested that idiopathic PD begins in the ENS and spreads to the central nervous system (CNS), reaching the DMV and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). These two areas are connected by a recently discovered monosynaptic nigro-vagal pathway, which is dysfunctional in rodent models of PD. An alternative hypothesis downplays the role of LB transport through the vagus nerve and proposes that PD pathology is governed by regional or cell-restricted factors as the leading cause of nigral neuronal degeneration. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the neuronal electrophysiological findings in the SNpc and DMV in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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42
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Taoufik E, Kouroupi G, Zygogianni O, Matsas R. Synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases: an overview of induced pluripotent stem-cell-based disease models. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180138. [PMID: 30185603 PMCID: PMC6170506 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction in CNS disorders is the outcome of perturbations in physiological synapse structure and function, and can be either the cause or the consequence in specific pathologies. Accumulating data in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, point to a neurodevelopmental origin of these pathologies. Due to a relatively early onset of behavioural and cognitive symptoms, it is generally acknowledged that mental illness initiates at the synapse level. On the other hand, synaptic dysfunction has been considered as an endpoint incident in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, mainly due to the considerably later onset of clinical symptoms and progressive appearance of cognitive deficits. This dichotomy has recently been challenged, particularly since the discovery of cell reprogramming technologies and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from patient somatic cells. The creation of 'disease-in-a-dish' models for multiple CNS pathologies has revealed unexpected commonalities in the molecular and cellular mechanisms operating in both developmental and degenerative conditions, most of which meet at the synapse level. In this review we discuss synaptic dysfunction in prototype neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing overlapping features of synaptopathy that have been suggested by studies using induced pluripotent stem-cell-based systems. These valuable disease models have highlighted a potential neurodevelopmental component in classical neurodegenerative diseases that is worth pursuing and investigating further. Moving from demonstration of correlation to understanding mechanistic causality forms the basis for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Zygogianni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
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43
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Willard AM, Isett BR, Whalen TC, Mastro KJ, Ki CS, Mao X, Gittis AH. State transitions in the substantia nigra reticulata predict the onset of motor deficits in models of progressive dopamine depletion in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e42746. [PMID: 30839276 PMCID: PMC6402832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose cardinal motor symptoms are attributed to dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits under conditions of low dopamine. Despite well-established physiological criteria to define basal ganglia dysfunction, correlations between individual parameters and motor symptoms are often weak, challenging their predictive validity and causal contributions to behavior. One limitation is that basal ganglia pathophysiology is studied only at end-stages of depletion, leaving an impoverished understanding of when deficits emerge and how they evolve over the course of depletion. In this study, we use toxin- and neurodegeneration-induced mouse models of dopamine depletion to establish the physiological trajectory by which the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) transitions from the healthy to the diseased state. We find that physiological progression in the SNr proceeds in discrete state transitions that are highly stereotyped across models and correlate well with the prodromal and symptomatic stages of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Willard
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Brian R Isett
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Timothy C Whalen
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
| | - Kevin J Mastro
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chris S Ki
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Aryn H Gittis
- Department of Biological SciencesCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghUnited States
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Signorile A, Sgaramella G, Bellomo F, De Rasmo D. Prohibitins: A Critical Role in Mitochondrial Functions and Implication in Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010071. [PMID: 30669391 PMCID: PMC6356732 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2) are proteins that are ubiquitously expressed, and are present in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. Depending on the cellular localization, PHB1 and PHB2 have distinctive functions, but more evidence suggests a critical role within mitochondria. In fact, PHB proteins are highly expressed in cells that heavily depend on mitochondrial function. In mitochondria, these two proteins assemble at the inner membrane to form a supra-macromolecular structure, which works as a scaffold for proteins and lipids regulating mitochondrial metabolism, including bioenergetics, biogenesis, and dynamics in order to determine the cell fate, death, or life. PHB alterations have been found in aging and cancer, as well as neurodegenerative, cardiac, and kidney diseases, in which significant mitochondrial impairments have been observed. The molecular mechanisms by which prohibitins regulate mitochondrial function and their role in pathology are reviewed and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Sgaramella
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Viale F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bellomo
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Rare Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Viale di S. Paolo, 15, 00149 Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy.
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1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine/probenecid impairs intestinal motility and olfaction in the early stages of Parkinson's disease in mice. J Neurol Sci 2018; 392:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Shirzadi Z, Robertson AD, Metcalfe AW, Duff-Canning S, Marras C, Lang AE, Masellis M, MacIntosh BJ. Brain tissue pulsatility is related to clinical features of Parkinson's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:222-227. [PMID: 30090696 PMCID: PMC6079564 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated whether brain tissue pulsatility is associated with features of disease severity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Data were extracted from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative among 81 adults with PD (confirmed with DATSCAN™). Brain tissue pulsatility was computed using resting state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI in white matter (WM), referred to as BOLDTP. Motor impairment was assessed using the Movement Disorders Society unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Factor analysis generated composite scores for cognition and vascular risk burden. A linear regression model examined the association of BOLDTP with age, sex, motor impairment, cognition, vascular risk burden and PD duration. In addition, we investigated whether BOLDTP relates to WM hyperintensity (WMH) volume, WM fractional anisotropy (WM-FA) and striatal binding ratio (SBR) of dopamine transporter. Results Motor impairment (t = 2.3, p = .02), vascular burden (t = 2.4, p = .02) and male sex (t = 3.0, p = .003) were independently associated with BOLDTP (r2 = 0.40, p < .001). BOLDTP was correlated with WMH volume (r = 0.22, p = .05) but not WM-FA nor SBR (p > .1). In addition, BOLDTP (t = 2.76, p = .008) and SBR (t = -2.04, p = .04) were independently related to motor impairment (r2 = 0.18, p = .006). Conclusion Our findings show that brain tissue pulsatility from BOLD images in WM is related to neurological and vascular features in PD. BOLDTP may be useful in PD to study small vessel alterations that appear distinct from WM structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shirzadi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arron W Metcalfe
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Duff-Canning
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Spillantini MG, Goedert M. Neurodegeneration and the ordered assembly of α-synuclein. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:137-148. [PMID: 29119326 PMCID: PMC6015613 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, it was 200 years since James Parkinson published 'An Essay on the Shaking Palsy' and 20 years since α-synuclein aggregation came to the fore. In 1998, multiple system atrophy joined Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies as the third major synucleinopathy. Here, we describe the work that led to the identification of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites and Papp-Lantos bodies. We also review some of the findings reported since 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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48
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Chen QQ, Haikal C, Li W, Li MT, Wang ZY, Li JY. Age-dependent alpha-synuclein accumulation and aggregation in the colon of a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:13. [PMID: 29988485 PMCID: PMC6026335 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathologically characterized by misfolded protein aggregation, called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. PD is a slow-progressive disease with colonic dysfunction appearing in the prodromal stage and lasting throughout the course of the disease. Methods In order to study PD pathology in the colon, we examined the age-dependent morphological and pathological changes in the colon of a PD mouse model expressing human wildtype α-synuclein (α-syn) fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), under the endogenous mouse α-syn promoter. Results We observed an age-dependent progressive expression and accumulation of α-syn-GFP in the enteric neurons of Meissner’s (submucosal) and Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexuses of the colon. Additionally, the phosphorylation of α-syn at serine 129 also increased with age and the aggregation of α-syn-GFP coincided with the appearance of motor deficits at 9 months of age. Furthermore, α-syn (-GFP) distinctly co-localized with different subtypes of neurons, as identified by immunohistochemical labeling of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and calretinin. Conclusions Our results show the development of α-syn pathology in the enteric neurons of the colon in a PD mouse model, which coincide with the appearance of motor deficits. Our mouse model possesses the potential and uniqueness for studying PD gastrointestinal dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-018-0118-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- 1Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Caroline Haikal
- 2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wen Li
- 2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ming-Tao Li
- 3Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Rd.2, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- 4Institute of Heath Sciences, China Medical University, 110112 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- 1Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819 Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,2Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the olfactory dysfunction is one of the initial symptoms appearing years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline, being considered a clinical marker of these diseases' early stages and a marker of disease progression and cognitive decline. Overall and under the umbrella of precision medicine, attention to olfactory function may help to improve chances of success for neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The use of olfaction, as clinical marker for neurodegenerative diseases is helpful in the characterization of prodromal stages of these diseases, early diagnostic strategies, differential diagnosis, and potentially prediction of treatment success. Understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction is central to determine its association with neurodegenerative disorders. Several anatomical systems and environmental factors may underlie or contribute to olfactory loss associated with neurological diseases, although the direct biological link to each disorder remains unclear and, thus, requires further investigation. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction, and the most common olfactory function measurements in neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the evidence for the presence of olfactory dysfunction in several neurodegenerative diseases, its value as a clinical marker for early stages of the diseases when combined with other clinical, biological, and neuroimage markers, and its role as a useful symptom for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of disease. The neuropathological correlations and the changes in neurotransmitter systems related with olfactory dysfunction in the neurodegenerative diseases are also described.
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Hyposmia, symptoms of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and parkinsonian motor signs suggest prodromal neurodegeneration in 22q11 deletion syndrome. Neuroreport 2018; 28:677-681. [PMID: 28574926 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is one of the most common genomic disorders in humans. There is an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals with 22q11DS. The characteristic motor features of PD begin when more than 50% of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra have degenerated. Before this, there is a prodromal period, of up to 20 years, in which nonmotor features such as hyposmia, autonomic dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and subtle motor dysfunction can occur. We used validated clinical tools to investigate the presence of prodromal markers of PD in 50 adults with 22q11DS and 14 matched deletion-negative controls. The median score on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was significantly lower in the 22q11 deletion group, and 44% scored in the hyposmic range (P=0.024). Individuals with 22q11DS were significantly more likely to report autonomic symptoms (urinary dysfunction or constipation, P=0.016). Twenty-eight percent of 22q11DS participants scored above the threshold for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder on a screening questionnaire (P=0.022). Four 22q11DS participants had parkinsonian motor signs on examination, which did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for PD. We report prodromal markers of PD in 22q11DS. These may help identify individuals with 22q11 deletion at risk of neurological disease. However, the significance of these signs needs to be confirmed by longitudinal studies of development of PD.
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