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Yu Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Tang L, Xi Y, Lai K, Zhang Q, Li S, Xu D, Tian A, Wu M, Wang Y, Yang G, Gao C, Huang T. Programmed surface platform orchestrates anti-bacterial ability and time-sequential bone healing for implant-associated infection. Biomaterials 2024; 313:122772. [PMID: 39190942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Implant-associated infection (IAI) has become an intractable challenge in clinic. The healing of IAI is a complex physiological process involving a series of spatiotemporal connected events. However, existing titanium-based implants in clinic suffer from poor antibacterial effect and single function. Herein, a versatile surface platform based on the presentation of sequential function is developed. Fabrication of titania nanotubes and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) achieves the efficient incorporation of silver ions (Ag+) and the pH-sensitive release in response to acidic bone infection microenvironment. The optimized PGA/Ag platform exhibits satisfactory biocompatibility and converts macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 to pro-healing M2 phenotype during the subsequent healing stage, which creates a beneficial osteoimmune microenvironment and promotes angio/osteogenesis. Furthermore, the PGA/Ag platform mediates osteoblast/osteoclast coupling through inhibiting CCL3/CCR1 signaling. These biological effects synergistically improve osseointegration under bacterial infection in vivo, matching the healing process of IAI. Overall, the novel integrated PGA/Ag surface platform proposed in this study fulfills function cascades under pathological state and shows great potential in IAI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Like Tang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Kaichen Lai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Shuangyang Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Danyu Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Anrong Tian
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| | - Tingben Huang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Casarrubios L, Cicuéndez M, Vallet-Regí M, Portolés MT, Arcos D, Feito MJ. Osteoimmune Properties of Mesoporous Bioactive Nanospheres: A Study on T Helper Lymphocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2183. [PMID: 37570501 PMCID: PMC10421130 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive mesoporous glass nanospheres (nanoMBGs) charged with antiosteoporotic drugs have great potential for the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture prevention. In this scenario, cells of the immune system are essential both in the development of disease and in their potential to stimulate therapeutic effects. In the present work, we hypothesize that nanoMBGs loaded with ipriflavone can exert a positive osteoimmune effect. With this objective, we assessed the effects of non-loaded and ipriflavone-loaded nanoparticles (nanoMBGs and nanoMBG-IPs, respectively) on CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes because this kind of cell is implicated in the inhibition of osseous loss by reducing the RANKL/OPG relationship through the secretion of cytokines. The results indicate that nanoMBGs enter efficiently in CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes, mainly through phagocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms, without affecting the function of these T cells or inducing inflammatory mediators or oxidative stress, thus maintaining the reparative Th2 phenotype. Furthermore, the incorporation of the anti-osteoporotic drug ipriflavone reduces the potential unwanted inflammatory response by decreasing the presence of ROS and stimulating intracellular anti-inflammatory cytokine release like IL-4. These results evidenced that nanoMBG loaded with ipriflavone exerts a positive osteoimmune effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casarrubios
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mónica Cicuéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Arcos
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (M.T.P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Lu Q, Xu J, Jiang H, Wei Q, Huang R, Huang G. The bone-protective mechanisms of active components from TCM drugs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000865. [PMID: 36386147 PMCID: PMC9641143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease whose hallmarks are synovial inflammation and irreversible bone destruction. Bone resorption resulting from osteoclasts involves the whole immune and bone systems. Breakdown of bone remodeling is attributed to overactive immune cells that produce large quantities of cytokines, upregulated differentiation of osteoclasts with enhanced resorptive activities, suppressed differentiation of osteoblasts, invading fibroblasts and microbiota dysbiosis. Despite the mitigation of inflammation, the existing treatment in Western medicine fails to prevent bone loss during disease progression. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years in RA treatment, showing great efficacy in bone preservation. The complex components from the decoctions and prescriptions exhibit various pharmacological activities. This review summarizes the research progress that has been made in terms of the bone-protective effect of some representative compounds from TCM drugs and proposes the substantial mechanisms involved in bone metabolism to provide some clues for future studies. These active components systemically suppress bone destruction via inhibiting joint inflammation, osteoclast differentiation, and fibroblast proliferation. Neutrophil, gut microenvironment and microRNA has been proposed as future focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixu Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuzhu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guangrui Huang, ; Runyue Huang,
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangrui Huang, ; Runyue Huang,
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4
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Chen Y, Hu H, Huang F, Ling Z, Chen B, Tan B, Wang T, Liu X, Liu C, Zou X. Cocktail of isobavachalcone and curcumin enhance eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm from orthopedic implants by gentamicin and alleviate inflammatory osteolysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958132. [PMID: 36212814 PMCID: PMC9537636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilm may lead to persist infection and severe inflammatory osteolysis. Previous studies have demonstrated that both isobavachalcone and curcumin possess antimicrobial activity, recent studies also reveal their antiosteoporosis, anti-inflammation, and immunoregulatory effect. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether the combination of isobavachalcone and curcumin can enhance the anti-S. aureus biofilm activity of gentamicin and alleviate inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. EUCAST and a standardized MBEC assay were used to verify the synergy between isobavachalcone and curcumin with gentamicin against planktonic S. aureus and its biofilm in vitro, then the antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effect of cocktail therapy was demonstrated in a femoral ODRI mouse model in vivo by μCT analysis, histopathology, quantification of bacteria in bone and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) in bone marrow. We tested on standard MSSA ATCC25923 and MRSA USA300, 5 clinical isolated MSSA, and 2 clinical isolated MRSA strains and found that gentamicin with curcumin (62.5–250 μg/ml) and gentamicin with isobavachalcone (1.56 μg/ml) are synergistic against planktonic MSSA, while gentamicin (128 μg/ml) with curcumin (31.25–62.5, 250–500 μg/ml) and gentamicin (64–128 μg/ml) with isobavachalcone (1.56–12.5 μg/ml) exhibit synergistic effect against MSSA biofilm. Results of further study revealed that cocktail of 128 μg/ml gentamicin together with 125 μg/ml curcumin +6.25 μg/ml isobavachalcone showed promising biofilm eradication effect with synergy against USA300 biofilm in vitro. Daily intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg/day isobavachalcone, 20 mg/kg/day curcumin, and 20 mg/kg/day gentamicin, can reduce inflammatory osteolysis and maintain microarchitecture of trabecular bone during orthopedic device-related MRSA infection in mice. Cocktail therapy also enhanced reduction of MDSC M1 polarization in peri-implant tissue, suppression of MDSC amplification in bone marrow, and Eradication of USA300 biofilm in vivo. Together, these results suggest that the combination of isobavachalcone and curcumin as adjuvants administrated together with gentamicin significantly enhances its antimicrobial effect against S. aureus biofilm, and can also modify topical inflammation in ODRI and protect bone microstructure in vivo, which may serve as a potential treatment strategy, especially for S. aureus induced ODRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bizhi Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingxuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Liu,
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Xuenong Zou,
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Kang IH, Baliga UK, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty P, Choi S, Buchweitz N, Li H, Wu Y, Yao H, Mehrotra S, Mehrotra M. Quantitative increase in T regulatory cells enhances bone remodeling in osteogenesis imperfecta. iScience 2022; 25:104818. [PMID: 36034228 PMCID: PMC9400089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by repeated bone fractures. Recent studies have shown that T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, thus playing a role in bone turnover. We demonstrate an activated effector phenotype and higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in OI peripheral T cells as compared with wild-type (WT). Suppressive Tregs (spleen and thymus) were qualitatively similar, whereas there was a quantitative decrease in OI versus WT. Restoring Treg numbers by systemic transplantation in OI mice resulted in reduced T cell activation and effector cytokine secretion that correlated with significant improvements in tibial trabecular and cortical bone parameters and stiffness of femur, along with increased osteoblast mineralization and decreased osteoclast numbers. Therefore, Tregs can dampen the pro-inflammatory environment and enhance bone remodeling in OI mice. Thus, this study will be helpful in developing future autologous immunotherapy-based treatment modalities for OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hong Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Uday K. Baliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Seungho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nathan Buchweitz
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Depatment of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Yongren Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson-MUSC Joint Bioengineering Program, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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6
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Chow SKH, Wong CHW, Cui C, Li MMC, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Modulating macrophage polarization for the enhancement of fracture healing, a systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:83-90. [PMID: 35979176 PMCID: PMC9364046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All fracture repairs start with the innate immune system with the inflammatory response known as the inflammatory stage guided and driven by the secretion of chemokine by the ruptured tissue, followed by the sequential recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells would infiltrate the fracture site and secrete inflammatory cytokines to stimulate recruitment of more immune cells to arrive at the fracture site coordinating subsequent stages of the repair process. In which, subsidence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage and transformation to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages promotes osteogenesis that marks the start of the anabolic endochondral stage. Methods Literature search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases (last accessed 15th April 2021) using “macrophage AND fracture”. Review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Results Eleven pre-clinical animal studies out of 429 articles were included in this systematic review according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of which investigated interventions targeting to modulate the acute inflammatory response and macrophage polarization as evident by various markers in association with fracture healing outcomes. Conclusion This systematic review summarizes attempts to modulate the innate immune response with focuses on promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype targeting the enhancement of fracture injury repair. Methods used to achieve the goal may include applications of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or mechanical stimulation that hold high translational potentials for clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carissa Hing-Wai Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michelle Meng-Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang K, Zhou H, Li G, Xu L, Hu Z, Cao X, Shi F, Zhang S. Circulating Exosomes from Mice with LPS-Induced Bone Loss Inhibit Osteoblast Differentiation. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:185-195. [PMID: 35435443 PMCID: PMC9300544 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology focuses on the intermodulation between bone and the immune system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss models are commonly used to investigate the interface between inflammation and osteoporosis. Circulating exosomes can regulate physiological and pathological processes through exosomal microRNAs and proteins. In this study, we observed reduced osteoblast number and bone formation in LPS-induced bone loss mice (LPS mice). Levels of circulating exosomes were increased by ~ twofold in LPS mice, and the expression of exosomal miRNAs was significantly changed. miRNAs (miRNA-125b-5p, miRNA-132-3p, and miRNA-214-3p) that were reported to inhibit osteoblast activity were significantly increased in the serum exosomes and bone tissues of LPS mice. Additionally, LPS-induced increases in exosomes significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- The 940Th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaozhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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8
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Jin X, Wang H, Liang X, Ru K, Deng X, Gao S, Qiu W, Huai Y, Zhang J, Lai L, Li F, Miao Z, Zhang W, Qian A. Calycosin prevents bone loss induced by hindlimb unloading. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35794112 PMCID: PMC9259590 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss induced by microgravity exposure seriously endangers the astronauts' health, but its countermeasures still have certain limitations. The study aims to find potential protective drugs for the prevention of the microgravity-induced bone loss. Here, we utilized the network pharmacology approach to discover a natural compound calycosin by constructing the compound-target interaction network and analyzing the topological characteristics of the network. Furthermore, the hind limb unloading (HLU) rats' model was conducted to investigate the potential effects of calycosin in the prevention of bone loss induced by microgravity. The results indicated that calycosin treatment group significantly increased the bone mineral density (BMD), ameliorated the microstructure of femoral trabecular bone, the thickness of cortical bone and the biomechanical properties of the bone in rats, compared that in the HLU group. The analysis of bone turnover markers in serum showed that both the bone formation markers and bone resorption markers decreased after calycosin treatment. Moreover, we found that bone remodeling-related cytokines in serum including IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α were partly recovered after calycosin treatment compared with HLU group. In conclusion, calycosin partly recovered hind limb unloading-induced bone loss through the regulation of bone remodeling. These results provided the evidence that calycosin might play an important role in maintaining bone mass in HLU rats, indicating its promising application in the treatment of bone loss induced by microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for toxicological and biological effects, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xuechao Liang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Ru
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoni Deng
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuxia Qiu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Huai
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linbin Lai
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Li
- Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Wang T, Bai J, Lu M, Huang C, Geng D, Chen G, Wang L, Qi J, Cui W, Deng L. Engineering immunomodulatory and osteoinductive implant surfaces via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking. Nat Commun 2022; 13:160. [PMID: 35013289 PMCID: PMC8748715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response and new tissue formation are important aspects of tissue repair. However, only a single aspect is generally considered in previous biomedical interventions, and the synergistic effect is unclear. Here, a dual-effect coating with immobilized immunomodulatory metal ions (e.g., Zn2+) and osteoinductive growth factors (e.g., BMP-2 peptide) is designed via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking strategy. Compared to the bare TiO2 group, Zn2+ can increase M2 macrophage recruitment by up to 92.5% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 84.5%; while the dual-effect of Zn2+ and BMP-2 peptide can increase M2 macrophages recruitment by up to 124.7% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 171%. These benefits eventually significantly enhance bone-implant mechanical fixation (203.3 N) and new bone ingrowth (82.1%) compared to the bare TiO2 (98.6 N and 45.1%, respectively). Taken together, the dual-effect coating can be utilized to synergistically modulate the osteoimmune microenvironment at the bone-implant interface, enhancing bone regeneration for successful implantation. Immune response and new tissue formation are important aspects of tissue repair but often only one aspect is considered in biomedical interventions. Here, the authors report on the use of a mussel-like surface coating to immobilize immune modulating metal ions and growth factors and demonstrated improved in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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10
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Deng Z, Ren Y, Park MS, Kim HKW. Damage associated molecular patterns in necrotic femoral head inhibit osteogenesis and promote fibrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2022; 154:116215. [PMID: 34571205 PMCID: PMC8671337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), a loss of blood supply to the juvenile femoral head leads to extensive cell death and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Over time chronic inflammatory repair process is observed with impaired bone regeneration. Increased fibrous tissue and adipose tissue are seen in the marrow space with decreased osteogenesis in a piglet model of LCPD, suggesting inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation and stimulation of fibroblastic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) during the healing process. Little is known about the DAMPs present in the necrotic femoral head and their effects on MSC differentiation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the DAMPs present in the femoral head following ischemic osteonecrosis and to determine their effects on MSC differentiation. Necrotic femoral heads were flushed with saline at 48 h, 2 weeks and 4 weeks following the induction of ischemic osteonecrosis in piglets to obtain necrotic bone fluid (NBF). Western blot analysis of the NBF revealed the presence of prototypic DAMP, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and other previously described DAMPs: biglycan, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). ELISA of the NBF revealed increasing levels of inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6 and TNFα with the temporal progression of osteonecrosis. To determine the effects of NBF on MSC differentiation, we cultured primary porcine MSCs with NBF obtained by in vivo necrotic bone flushing method. NBF inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs with significantly decreased OSX expression (p = 0.008) and Von Kossa/Alizarin Red staining for mineralization. NBF also significantly increased the expression of proliferation markers Ki67 (p = 0.03) and PCNA (p < 0.0001), and fibrogenic markers Vimentin (p = 0.02) and Fibronectin (p = 0.04). Additionally, NBF treated MSC cells showed significantly elevated RANKL/OPG secretion ratio (p = 0.003) and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β (p = 0.006) and IL6 (p < 0.0001). To specifically assess the role of DAMPs in promoting the fibrogenesis, we treated porcine fibroblasts with artificial NBF produced by bone freeze-thaw method. We found increased fibroblastic cell proliferation in an NBF dose-dependent manner. Lastly, we studied the effect of HMGB1, a prototypic DAMP, and found that HMGB1 partially contributes to MSC proliferation and fibrogenesis. In summary, our findings show that DAMPs and the inflammatory cytokines present in the necrotic femoral head inhibit osteogenesis and promote fibrogenesis of MSCs, potentially contributing to impaired bone regeneration following ischemic osteonecrosis as observed in LCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Deng
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Sung Park
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Harry K W Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Wang L, Wang Q, Wang W, Ge G, Xu N, Zheng D, Jiang S, Zhao G, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhu R, Geng D. Harmine Alleviates Titanium Particle-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction by Immunomodulatory Effect on the Macrophage Polarization and Subsequent Osteogenic Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657687. [PMID: 34079546 PMCID: PMC8165263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-prosthetic osteolysis (PPO) and following aseptic loosening are regarded as the prime reasons for implant failure after joint replacement. Increasing evidence indicated that wear-debris-irritated inflammatory response and macrophage polarization state play essential roles in this osteolytic process. Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid primitively extracted from the Peganum harmala seeds, has been reported to have various pharmacological effects on monoamine oxidase action, insulin intake, vasodilatation and central nervous systems. However, the impact of harmine on debris-induced osteolysis has not been demonstrated, and whether harmine participates in regulating macrophage polarization and subsequent osteogenic differentiation in particle-irritated osteolysis remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of harmine on titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. The results suggested harmine notably alleviated Ti particle-induced bone resorption in a murine PPO model. Harmine was also found to suppress the particle-induced inflammatory response and shift the polarization of macrophages from M1 phenotypes to M2 phenotypes in vivo and in vitro, which improved anti-inflammatory and bone-related cytokines levels. In the conditioned medium from Ti particle-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells treated with harmine, the osteoblast differentiation ability of mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was greatly increased. And we also provided evidences that the immunomodulatory capacity of harmine might be attributed to the inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in wear particle-treated macrophages. All the results strongly show that harmine might be a promising therapeutic agent to treat PPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shijie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Gongyin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Baiyin, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Griffin JS, Dent SC, Berger SM. Pathways linking activity, adiposity, and inflammation to bone mineral density in women and men from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23583. [PMID: 33645876 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age, sedentary activity, central adiposity, and inflammation have all been independently associated with bone mineral density (BMD). We assessed how the effects of sedentary activity and central adiposity on BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck change across early to late adulthood and whether these relationships are mediated by inflammation. METHODS We analyzed data from 7135 women and men 20 years of age and older from NHANES 2007 to 2010. Anthropometrics, sedentary activity (min/day), serum CRP (mg/dl), and BMD (gm/cm2 measured by DXA scans) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Data were compared by age and sex groups and through causal mediation analysis. RESULTS The effect of waist circumference on BMD was significantly mediated by serum CRP at both skeletal sites in men and at the femoral neck in women. Sedentary activity did not have a direct relationship to BMD but was mediated by waist circumference in men. Least square means differed significantly by sex and age groups with a general age-related decline in BMD at both skeletal sites. CONCLUSIONS We found that central adiposity, independent of overall body size and composition as measured through BMI, has an inverse relationship with BMD that is mediated by serum CRP. In addition, the negative impact of increased sedentism acted through changes in central adiposity (waist circumference) but only in men. Although low bone density and osteoporosis are often considered degenerative diseases that primarily impact postmenopausal women, our findings show that sedentary activity and central adiposity impact bone density beginning in early adulthood in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Qu F, Song Y, Wu Y, Huang Y, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Fan Z, Xu C. The protective role of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling in osteogenic differentiation under inflammatory environment. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112505. [PMID: 33516666 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and alveolar bone destruction constitute the main pathological process of periodontitis. However, the molecular mechanisms of bone destruction under the inflammation environment remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling in osteogenic differentiation under the inflammation environment. Mouse pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS). The Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling was activated, and the osteogenic differentiation of cells was examined. The results showed that activation of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling promoted the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, and also relieved the inhibitory effect of Pg-LPS on osteogenesis. Noticeably, the effect of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling might be related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. While applying Ephrin-B2-Fc and EphB4-Fc to periodontitis mice, we observed the reduction of alveolar crest destruction. The current study revealed the possible role of Ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling in reducing bone destruction in periodontitis and suggested its potential values for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingshuang Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Oral Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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14
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De Martinis M, Sirufo MM, Ginaldi L. Osteoporosis: Current and Emerging Therapies Targeted to Immunological Checkpoints. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6356-6372. [PMID: 31362684 PMCID: PMC8206194 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190730113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal pathology characterized by compromised bone strength leading to increased risk of fracture, mainly the spine and hip fractures. Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million people worldwide and because of the skeletal fractures it causes, represents a major cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in older people. Recently, the new discoveries of osteoimmunology have clarified many of the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis, helping to identify new immunological targets for its treatment opening the way for new and effective therapies with biological drugs. Currently, there are basically two monoclonal antibodies for osteoporosis therapy: denosumab and romosozumab. Here, we focus on the modern approach to the osteoporosis management and in particular, on current and developing biologic drugs targeted to new immunological checkpoints, in the landscape of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Zhang W, Dang K, Huai Y, Qian A. Osteoimmunology: The Regulatory Roles of T Lymphocytes in Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32849268 PMCID: PMC7431602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune imbalance caused bone loss. Osteoimmunology is emerging as a new interdisciplinary field to explore the shared molecules and interactions between the skeletal and immune systems. In particular, T lymphocytes (T cells) play pivotal roles in the regulation of bone health. However, the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the treatment of osteoporosis are not fully understood. The present review aims to summarize the essential regulatory roles of T cells in the pathophysiology of various cases of osteoporosis and the development of T cell therapy for osteoporosis from osteoimmunology perspective. As T cell-mediated immunomodulation inhibition reduced bone loss, there is an increasing interest in T cell therapy in an attempt to treat osteoporosis. In summary, the T cell therapy may be further pursued as an immunomodulatory strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis, which can provide a novel perspective for drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Huai
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Berger SM, Griffin JS, Dent SC. Phenotypes and pathways: Working toward an integrated skeletal biology in biological anthropology. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23450. [PMID: 32511865 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steph M Berger
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob S Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia C Dent
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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De Martinis M, Ginaldi L, Sirufo MM, Pioggia G, Calapai G, Gangemi S, Mannucci C. Alarmins in Osteoporosis, RAGE, IL-1, and IL-33 Pathways: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:medicina56030138. [PMID: 32204562 PMCID: PMC7142770 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous mediators released by cells following insults or cell death to alert the host’s innate immune system of a situation of danger or harm. Many of these, such as high-mobility group box-1 and 2 (HMGB1, HMGB2) and S100 (calgranulin proteins), act through RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products), whereas the IL-1 and IL-33 cytokines bind the IL-1 receptors type I and II, and the cellular receptor ST2, respectively. The alarmin family and their signal pathways share many similarities of cellular and tissue localization, functions, and involvement in various physiological processes and inflammatory diseases including osteoporosis. The aim of the review was to evaluate the role of alarmins in osteoporosis. A bibliographic search of the published scientific literature regarding the role of alarmins in osteoporosis was organized independently by two researchers in the following scientific databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords used were combined as follows: “alarmins and osteoporosis”, “RAGE and osteoporosis”, “HMGB1 and osteoporosis”, “IL-1 and osteoporosis”, “IL 33 and osteopororsis”, “S100s protein and osteoporosis”. The information was summarized and organized in the present review. We highlight the emerging roles of alarmins in various bone remodeling processes involved in the onset and development of osteoporosis, as well as their potential role as biomarkers of osteoporosis severity and progression. Findings of the research suggest a potential use of alarmins as pharmacological targets in future therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing bone loss and fragility fractures induced by aging and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Martinis
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Lia Ginaldi
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 6700 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.D.M.); (L.G.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-22-12-697
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18
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HASEGAWA T, ISHII M. Visualizing bone tissue in homeostatic and pathological conditions. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:43-49. [PMID: 32037368 PMCID: PMC7030973 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The human body is comprised of hundreds of bones, which are constantly regenerated through the interactions of two cell types: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Given the difficulty of analyzing their intravital dynamics, we have developed a system for intravital imaging of the bone marrow cavity using two-photon microscopy, to visualize the dynamic behaviors of living bone cells without sectioning. Combined with the newly developed chemical fluorescent probes to detect localized acidification caused by osteoclasts, we identified two distinct functional states of mature osteoclasts, i.e., "bone-resorptive" and "non-resorptive". Here, we focus on the dynamics and functions of bone cells within the bone marrow cavity and discuss how this novel approach has been applied to evaluate the mechanisms of action of drugs currently in clinical use. We further introduce our recent study that identified arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages in inflamed synovium and revealed their differentiation trajectory into the pathological osteoclasts, which together represent to a new paradigm in bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo HASEGAWA
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru ISHII
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Almeida AR, Bessa-Gonçalves M, Vasconcelos DM, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. Osteoclasts degrade fibrinogen scaffolds and induce mesenchymal stem/stromal osteogenic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:851-862. [PMID: 31845492 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) is a pro-inflammatory protein with pro-healing properties. Previous work showed that fibrinogen 3D scaffolds (Fg-3D) promote bone regeneration, but the cellular players were not identified. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells that promote bone remodeling in close crosstalk with osteoblasts. Herein, the capacity of osteoclasts differentiated on Fg-3D to degrade the scaffolds and promote osteoblast differentiation was evaluated in vitro. Fg-3D scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying and osteoclasts were differentiated from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Results obtained showed osteoclasts expressing the enzymes cathepsin K and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase colonizing Fg-3D scaffolds. Osteoclasts were able to significantly degrade Fg-3D, reducing the scaffold's area, and increasing D-dimer concentration, a Fg degradation product, in their culture media. Osteoclast conditioned media from the first week of differentiation promoted significantly stronger human primary mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation, evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, week 1 osteoclast conditioned media promoted earlier MSC osteogenic differentiation, than chemical osteogenesis inductors. TGF-β1 was found increased in osteoclast conditioned media from week 1, when compared to week 3 of differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that osteoclasts are able to differentiate and degrade Fg-3D, producing factors like TGF-β1 that promote MSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Daniel M Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Susana G Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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20
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Nakamura A, Talukdar A, Nakamura S, Pathan E, Haroon N. Bone formation in axial spondyloarthritis: Is disease modification possible? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2019; 33:101491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Yang C, Wang W, Zhu K, Liu W, Luo Y, Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng T, Zhang X. Lithium chloride with immunomodulatory function for regulating titanium nanoparticle-stimulated inflammatory response and accelerating osteogenesis through suppression of MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7475-7488. [PMID: 31571859 PMCID: PMC6750619 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s210834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wear particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis and the consequent aseptic loosening constitute the leading reasons for prosthesis failure and revision surgery. Several studies have demonstrated that the macrophage polarization state and immune response play critical roles in periprosthetic osteolysis and tissue repair, but the immunomodulatory role of lithium chloride (LiCl), which has a protective effect on wear particle-induced osteolysis by suppressing osteoclasts and attenuating inflammatory responses, has never been investigated. Methods In this work, the immunomodulatory capability of LiCl on titanium (Ti) nanoparticle-stimulated transformation of macrophage phenotypes and the subsequent effect on osteogenic differentiation were investigated. We first speculated that LiCl attenuated Ti nanoparticle-stimulated inflammation responses by driving macrophage polarization and generating an immune micro-environment to improve osteogenesis. Furthermore, a metal nanoparticle-stimulated murine air pouch inflammatory model was applied to confirm this protective effect in vivo. Results The results revealed that metal nanoparticles significantly activate M1 phenotype (proinflammatory macrophage) expression and increase proinflammatory cytokines secretions in vitro and in vivo, whereas LiCl drives macrophages to the M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory macrophage) and increases the release of anti-inflammatory and bone-related cytokines. This improved the osteogenic differentiation capability of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). In addition, we also provided evidence that LiCl inhibits the phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways in wear particle-treated macrophages. Conclusion LiCl has the immunomodulatory effects to alleviate Ti nanoparticle-mediated inflammatory reactions and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by driving macrophage polarization. Thus, LiCl may be an effective therapeutic alternative for preventing and treating wear debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Kechao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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22
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Hasegawa T, Kikuta J, Ishii M. Imaging the Bone-Immune Cell Interaction in Bone Destruction. Front Immunol 2019; 10:596. [PMID: 30972080 PMCID: PMC6443987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic organ that is continuously being remodeled by the reciprocal interactions between bone and immune cells. We have originally established an advanced imaging system for visualizing the in vivo behavior of osteoclasts and their precursors in the bone marrow cavity using two-photon microscopy. Using this system, we found that the blood-enriched lipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate, controlled the migratory behavior of osteoclast precursors. We also developed pH-sensing chemical fluorescent probes to detect localized acidification by bone-resorbing osteoclasts on the bone surface in vivo, and identified two distinct functional states of differentiated osteoclasts, "bone-resorptive" and "non-resorptive." Here, we summarize our studies on the dynamics and functions of bone and immune cells within the bone marrow. We further discuss how our intravital imaging techniques can be applied to evaluate the mechanisms of action of biological agents in inflammatory bone destruction. Our intravital imaging techniques would be beneficial for studying the cellular dynamics in arthritic inflammation and bone destruction in vivo and would also be useful for evaluating novel therapies in animal models of bone-destroying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Ginaldi L, De Martinis M, Saitta S, Sirufo MM, Mannucci C, Casciaro M, Ciccarelli F, Gangemi S. Interleukin-33 serum levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3786. [PMID: 30846811 PMCID: PMC6405990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. So far IL-33 involvement in osteoporotic patients has not yet been studied. IL-33 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which mediates several immune functions; its involvement in a wide range of diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis, is now emerging. In view of the crucial role of this cytokine in inflammation and bone remodeling, we measured IL-33 levels in the serum of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In 50 postmenopausal osteoporotic patients and 28 healthy postmenopausal control women, serum IL-33 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In both patients and controls the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vitamin D, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels, as well as bone turnover markers, such as C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) were also evaluated. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women IL-33 levels were significantly lower compared to healthy controls (3.53 ± 2.45 vs. 13.72 ± 5.39 pg/ml; P = 0.009) and positively correlated respectively with serum PTH (rho = 0.314; P = 0.026) and P1NP (rho = 0.373; P = 0.011) levels, while a statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between serum IL-33 and CTX levels (rho = -0.455; P = 0.002). Our results thus suggest that IL-33 represents an important bone-protecting cytokine which may be of therapeutic benefit in treating bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ginaldi
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Massimo De Martinis
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Saitta
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Sirufo
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fedra Ciccarelli
- School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit "Mazzini" Hospital AUSL4, Teramo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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24
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Yang C, Ouyang L, Wang W, Chen B, Liu W, Yuan X, Luo Y, Cheng T, Yeung KWK, Liu X, Zhang X. Sodium butyrate-modified sulfonated polyetheretherketone modulates macrophage behavior and shows enhanced antibacterial and osteogenic functions during implant-associated infections. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5541-5553. [PMID: 31451811 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of implant-associated infections and insufficient bone tissue integration is critical to exploit the immunomodulatory properties and antibacterial effects of implant materials, which have attracted considerable attention.
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25
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Zhu X, Zeng Z, Qiu D, Chen J. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells inhibit immature dendritic cell transdifferentiation into osteoclasts through downregulation of RANK, c‑Fos and ATP6V0D2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2071-2079. [PMID: 30066839 PMCID: PMC6108864 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunological studies have revealed that T cells exert a powerful impact on the formation and activity of osteoclasts and bone remodeling. Evidence demonstrates that immature dendritic cells (iDCs) are more efficient transdifferentiating into osteoclasts (OCs) than monocytes. However, whether Vγ9Vδ2 T (γδ T) cells stimulate or inhibit iDC transdifferentiation into OCs has never been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of γδ T cells on this transdifferentiation process. γδ T cells and iDCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers separately and were co-cultured with Transwelll inserts, with γδ T cells in the upper chamber and iDCs in the lower chamber. IDCs were treated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay and dentine resorption assay were performed to detect OC formation and their resorption capacity, respectively. The mRNA expression of OCs was examined using a micro-array and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to trace the changes during iDC transdifferentiation into OCs. The results demonstrated that γδ T cells significantly inhibited the generation of the TRAP-positive OCs from iDCs and their resorption capacity. The microarray analysis identified decreased expression level of Fos proto-oncogene AP-1 transcription factor subunit (c-Fos), ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d (ATP6V0D2) and cathepsin K when iDCs were co-cultured with γδ T cells. These genes are associated with OC differentiation, indicating that γδ T cells suppressed iDCs osteoclastogenesis by downregulation of the RANK/c-Fos/ATP6V0D2 signaling pathway. The present findings provide novel insights into the interactions between human γδ T cells and iDCs, and demonstrate that γδ T cells are capable of inhibiting OC formation and their activity via downregulation of genes associated with OC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Dongbiao Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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26
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Tang M, Tian L, Luo G, Yu X. Interferon-Gamma-Mediated Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1508. [PMID: 30008722 PMCID: PMC6033972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is the interdiscipline that focuses on the relationship between the skeletal and immune systems. They are interconnected by shared signal pathways and cytokines. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays important roles in immune responses and bone metabolism. IFN-γ enhances macrophage activation and antigen presentation. It regulates antiviral and antibacterial immunity as well as signal transduction. IFN-γ can promote osteoblast differentiation and inhibit bone marrow adipocyte formation. IFN-γ plays dual role in osteoclasts depending on its stage. Furthermore, IFN-γ is an important pathogenetic factor in some immune-mediated bone diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This review will discuss the contradictory findings of IFN-γ in osteoimmunology and its clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Tang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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27
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Sylvester FA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Effects on Bone and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:133-150. [PMID: 29101654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with decreased bone mass and alterations in bone geometry from the time of diagnosis, before anti-inflammatory therapy is instituted. Deficits in bone mass can persist despite absence of symptoms of active IBD. The effects of IBD on the skeleton are complex. Protein-calorie malnutrition, inactivity, hypogonadism, deficits in calcium intake and vitamin D consumption and synthesis, stunted growth in children, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and inflammation all likely play a role. Preliminary studies suggest that the dysbiotic intestinal microbial flora present in IBD may also affect bone at a distance. Several mechanisms are possible. T cells activated by the gut microbiota may serve as "inflammatory shuttles" between the intestine and bone. Microbe-associated molecular patterns leaked into the circulation in IBD may activate immune responses in the bone marrow by immune cells and by osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts that lead to decreased bone formation and increased resorption. Finally, intestinal microbial metabolites such as H2S may also affect bone cell function. Uncovering these mechanisms will enable the design of microbial cocktails to help restore bone mass in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Sylvester
- Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall 247, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7229, USA.
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Zhao H, Zhao N, Zheng P, Xu X, Liu M, Luo D, Xu H, Ju D. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Using Chinese Medicinal Plants: Special Emphasis on Mechanisms of Immune Modulation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6345857. [PMID: 29675436 PMCID: PMC5838472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6345857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The causes of osteoporosis include endocrine factors, nutritional status, genetic factors, physical factors, and immune factors. Recent osteoimmunology studies demonstrated that the immune system and immune factors play important regulatory roles in the occurrence of osteoporosis, and people should pay more attention to the relationship between immunity and osteoporosis. Immune and bone cells are located in the bone marrow and share numerous regulatory molecules, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. Abnormal activation of the immune system alters the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which results in an imbalance of bone remodeling and osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis is also increasing with the aging of China's population, and traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for centuries. Chinese medicinal plants possess unique advantages in the regulation of the immune system and the relationships between osteoporosis and the immune system. In this review, we provide a general overview of Chinese medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, focusing on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dahong Ju
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
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Micro-structural bone changes in early rheumatoid arthritis persist over 1-year despite use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:521. [PMID: 29228959 PMCID: PMC5725933 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We used High Resolution – peripheral Quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) imaging to examine peri-articular bone quality in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore whether bone quality improved over 12-months in individuals receiving care consistent with practice guidelines. Methods A 1-year longitudinal cohort study (Baseline and 12-months) evaluating individuals with early RA compared to age/sex-matched peers. Personal demographic and health and lifestyle information were collected for all. Whereas, active joint count (AJC28), functional limitation, and RA medications were also collected for RA participants. HR-pQCT imaging analyses quantified bone density and microstructure in the Metacarpal Head (MH) and Ultra-Ultra-Distal (UUD) radius at baseline and 12-months. Analyses included a General Linear Modelling repeated measures analyses examined main effects for disease, time, and interaction on bone quality. Results Participants (n = 60, 30 RA/30 NRA); 80% female, mean age 53 (varying from 21 to 74 years). At baseline, RA participants were on average 7.7 months since diagnosis, presenting with few active joints (AJC28: 30% none, remaining 70% Median 4 active joints) and minimal self-reported functional limitation (mHAQ-DI0–3: 0.56). At baseline, 29 of 30 RA participants had received one or more non-biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD);13 in combination with glucocorticoid and 1 in combination with a biologic medication. One participant only received glucocorticoid medication. Four RA participants withdrew leaving 26 pairs (n = 52) at 12-months; 23 pairs (n = 46) with UUD and 22 pairs (n = 44) with MH baseline and 12-month images to compare. Notable RA/NRA differences (p < 0.05) in bone quality at all three sites included lower trabecular bone density and volume, more rod-like trabeculae, and larger and more variable spaces between trabeculae; fewer trabeculae at the UUD and MH2 sites; and lower cortical bone density and volume in the MH sites. Rate of change over 12-months did not differ between RA/NRA participants which meant there was also no improvement over the year in RA bone quality. Conclusions Early changes in peri-articular bone density and microstructure seen in RA are consistent with changes more commonly seen in aging bone and are slow or resistant to recover despite well controlled inflammatory joint symptoms with early DMARD therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-017-1888-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Alaarg A, Pérez-Medina C, Metselaar JM, Nahrendorf M, Fayad ZA, Storm G, Mulder WJM. Applying nanomedicine in maladaptive inflammation and angiogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:143-158. [PMID: 28506745 PMCID: PMC5682240 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and angiogenesis drive the development and progression of multiple devastating diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Though these diseases have very different phenotypic consequences, they possess several common pathophysiological features in which monocyte recruitment, macrophage polarization, and enhanced vascular permeability play critical roles. Thus, developing rational targeting strategies tailored to the different stages of the journey of monocytes, from bone marrow to local lesions, and their extravasation from the vasculature in diseased tissues will advance nanomedicine. The integration of in vivo imaging uniquely allows studying nanoparticle kinetics, accumulation, clearance, and biological activity, at levels ranging from subcellular to an entire organism, and will shed light on the fate of intravenously administered nanomedicines. We anticipate that convergence of nanomedicines, biomedical engineering, and life sciences will help to advance clinically relevant therapeutics and diagnostic agents for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Alaarg
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ginaldi L, De Martinis M. Osteoimmunology and Beyond. Curr Med Chem 2017; 23:3754-3774. [PMID: 27604089 PMCID: PMC5204071 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160907162546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Objective Osteoimmunology investigates interactions between skeleton and immune system. In the light of recent discoveries in this field, a new reading register of osteoporosis is actually emerging, in which bone and immune cells are strictly interconnected. Osteoporosis could therefore be considered a chronic immune mediated disease which shares with other age related disorders a common inflammatory background. Here, we highlight these recent discoveries and the new landscape that is emerging. Method Extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results While the inflammatory nature of osteoporosis has been clearly recognized, other interesting aspects of osteoimmunology are currently emerging. In addition, mounting evidence indicates that the immunoskeletal interface is involved in the regulation of important body functions beyond bone remodeling. Bone cells take part with cells of the immune system in various immunological functions, configuring a real expanded immune system, and are therefore variously involved not only as target but also as main actors in various pathological conditions affecting primarily the immune system, such as autoimmunity and immune deficiencies, as well as in aging, menopause and other diseases sharing an inflammatory background. Conclusion The review highlights the complexity of interwoven pathways and shared mechanisms of the crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. More interestingly, the interdisciplinary field of osteoimmunology is now expanding beyond bone and immune cells, defining new homeostatic networks in which other organs and systems are functionally interconnected. Therefore, the correct skeletal integrity maintenance may be also relevant to other functions outside its involvement in bone mineral homeostasis, hemopoiesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ginaldi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Life, Health, & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Gordan S, Biburger M, Nimmerjahn F. bIgG time for large eaters: monocytes and macrophages as effector and target cells of antibody-mediated immune activation and repression. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:52-65. [PMID: 26497512 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of a great variety of cell subsets localized throughout the body in immunological and non-immunological tissues. While one of their prime tasks is to detect, phagocytose, and kill intruding microorganisms, they are also involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune tolerance toward self through removal of dying cells. Furthermore, monocytes and macrophages have been recognized to play a critical role for mediating immunoglobulin G (IgG)-dependent effector functions, including target cell depletion, tissue inflammation, and immunomodulation. For this, monocyte and macrophage populations are equipped with a complex set of Fc-receptors, enabling them to directly interact with pro- or anti-inflammatory IgG preparations. In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings, supporting a central role of monocytes and macrophages for pro- and anti-inflammatory IgG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Gordan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Biburger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Bush JR, Liang H, Dickinson M, Botchwey EA. Xylan hemicellulose improves chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016; 27:1050-1055. [PMID: 27587941 DOI: 10.1002/pat.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hemicellulose xylan, which has immunomodulatory effects, has been combined with chitosan to form a composite hydrogel to improve the healing of bone fractures. This thermally responsive and injectable hydrogel, which is liquid at room temperature and gels at physiological temperature, improves the response of animal host tissue compared with similar pure chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering models. The composite hydrogel was placed in a subcutaneous model where the composite hydrogel is replaced by host tissue within 1 week, much earlier than chitosan hydrogels. A tibia fracture model in mice showed that the composite encourages major remodeling of the fracture callus in less than 4 weeks. A non-union fracture model in rat femurs was used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogel allows bone regeneration and healing of defects that with no treatment are unhealed after 6 weeks. These results suggest that the xylan/chitosan composite hydrogel is a suitable bone graft substitute able to aid in the repair of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Bush
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800374, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Haixiang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800374, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Molly Dickinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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Fisher A, Srikusalanukul W, Fisher L, Smith P. The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio on Admission and Short-Term Outcomes in Orthogeriatric Patients. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:588-602. [PMID: 27499691 PMCID: PMC4974907 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at admission with presence of fracture, comorbid conditions, and its prognostic value for short-term outcomes in orthogeriatric patients. METHODS On 415 consecutive patients (mean age 78.8 ±8.7[SD] years, 281 women, 255 with a non-vertebral bone fracture, including 167 with a hip fracture, HF) admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the Canberra hospital (2010 - 2011) data on clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected prospectively. The validation dataset included 294 consecutive patients (mean age 82.1 ± 8.0 years, 72.1% women) with HF. RESULTS Multivariate regression revealed four variables, presence of HF, hypoalbuminaemia (<33g/L), anaemia (<120g/L) and hyperparathyroidism (PTH>6.8 pmol/L), as independent determinants of admission NLR≥5.1. There was a dose-graded relationship between presence of fracture, especially HF, postoperative complications and levels of NLR categorized as tertiles. Compared to patients with NLR<5.1(first tertile), patients with NLR 5.1-8.5 (second tertile) had a 1.8-, 3.1-, 2.6-, and 2.5-fold higher risk for presence of any fracture, HF, developing postoperative myocardial injury (troponin I rise) and a high inflammatory response/infection (CRP>100mg/L after the 3rd postoperative day), respectively, while in subjects with NLR>8.5 (third tertile) these risks were 2.6-, 4.9-, 5.9- and 4.5-times higher, respectively; subjects with NLR>8.5 had a 9.7 times higher chance of dying in the hospital compared to patients with NLR 5.1-8.5; the NLR retained its significance on multivariate analyses. The NLR ≥5.1 predicted postoperative myocardial injury with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.626, CRP>100mg/L with AUC of 0.631 and the NLR >8.5 predicted in-hospital mortality with an AUC of 0.793, showing moderately high sensitivity (86.7%, 80% and 90%, respectively) and negative predictive value (92.9%, 71.2%, 99.6%, respectively), but low specificity. Admission NLR was superior to other, except hypoalbuminaemia, prognostic markers; combined use of both NLR≥5.1 and albumin<33g/L only moderately increased the accuracy of prediction. The validation study confirmed the prognostic value of the admission NLR. CONCLUSIONS In orthogeriatric patients, high NLR on admission is an independent indicator of fracture presence, a significant risk factor and moderate predictor of postoperative myocardial injury, high inflammatory response/infection and in-hospital death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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Josse J, Velard F, Gangloff SC. Staphylococcus aureus vs. Osteoblast: Relationship and Consequences in Osteomyelitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:85. [PMID: 26636047 PMCID: PMC4660271 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cells, namely osteoblasts and osteoclasts work in concert and are responsible for bone extracellular matrix formation and resorption. This homeostasis is, in part, altered during infections by Staphylococcus aureus through the induction of various responses from the osteoblasts. This includes the over-production of chemokines, cytokines and growth factors, thus suggesting a role for these cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. S. aureus decreases the activity and viability of osteoblasts, by induction of apoptosis-dependent and independent mechanisms. The tight relationship between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is also modulated by S. aureus infection. The present review provides a survey of the relevant literature discussing the important aspects of S. aureus and osteoblast interaction as well as the ability for antimicrobial peptides to kill intra-osteoblastic S. aureus, hence emphasizing the necessity for new anti-infectious therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Josse
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux, Pôle Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Frédéric Velard
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux, Pôle Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Sophie C Gangloff
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux, Pôle Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
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Bouillon R, Drucker DJ, Ferrannini E, Grinspoon S, Rosen CJ, Zimmet P. The past 10 years-new hormones, new functions, new endocrine organs. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:681-6. [PMID: 26323661 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the first issue of this journal in November 2005, our understanding of the endocrine system has evolved, with the identification of novel hormones and novel endocrine roles for previously identified molecules. Here, we have asked six of our Advisory Board Members to comment on how these insights have led to the recognition that many organs and tissues that were not widely considered part of the classic endocrine system in the past have important endocrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 ON1, Box 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, 600 University Avenue, TCP5-1004 MailBox 39, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- University of Pisa, Department of Internal Medicine, Via Roma 67, Pisa, PI 56100, Italy
| | - Steven Grinspoon
- Harvard Medical School, MGH Program in Nutritional Metabolism, 5 Longfellow Place, Room 207, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Epidemiology &Clinical Diabetes, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Serum Osteocalcin Is Associated with Inflammatory Factors in Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study in Chinese Males. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:683739. [PMID: 26578821 PMCID: PMC4633571 DOI: 10.1155/2015/683739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) was potentially associated with inflammatory factors, so we explored the metabolic role in this association in general population. Our findings suggest that OCN was positively associated with IgG while inversely associated with C3, both of which were probably mediated by obesity. Moreover, serum OCN was inversely associated with hsCRP in men with impaired fasting glucose, hyperglycemia, or metabolic syndrome, while its association with IgE was significantly observed in men with a normal metabolic profile.
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Seeling M, Nimmerjahn F. Unlocking the bone: Fcγ-receptors and antibody glycosylation are keys to connecting bone homeostasis to humoral immunity. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:163. [PMID: 26261834 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is characterized by a constant remodeling process mediated by bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts. During autoantibody mediated autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory arthritis, this balance is disturbed and the de novo generation of osteoclasts through cross-linking of activating Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs) expressed on osteoclasts results in excessive bone erosions and joint destruction. A recent study by Negishi-Koga and colleagues now provides conclusive evidence, that FcγRs may also play a crucial role for bone homeostasis during the steady state, further highlighting the tight interactions between the bone and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Seeling
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommelstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Komatsu N, Takayanagi H. Regulatory T cells in Arthritis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 136:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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