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Singh VK, Rajak N, Singh Y, Singh AK, Giri R, Garg N. Role of MicroRNA-21 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4795-4808. [PMID: 38758485 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of noncoding RNA has made remarkable progress in understanding progression, metastasis, and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A better understanding of the miRNAs has enhanced our knowledge of their targeting mainly at the therapy level in solid tumors, such as prostate cancer (PCa). microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous RNA that deficit encoded proteins. Therefore, the role of miRNAs has been well-coined in the progression and development of PCa. miR-21 has a dual nature in its work both as a tumor suppressor and oncogenic role, but most of the recent studies showed that miR-21 is a tumor promoter and also is involved in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of miR-21 suppresses programmed cell death and inducing metastasis and castration resistant in PCa. miR-21 is involved in the different stages, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion, and plays an important role in the progression, metastasis, and advanced stages of PCa. Recently, various studies directly linked the role of high levels of miR-21 with a poor therapeutic response in the patient of PCa. In the present review, we have explained the molecular mechanisms/pathways of miR-21 in PCa progression, metastasis, and castration resistant and summarized the role of miR-21 in diagnosis and therapeutic levels in PCa. In addition, we have spotlighted the recent therapeutic strategies for targeting different stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., DC, USA
| | - Naina Rajak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Yashasvi Singh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- University Department of Botany Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Kulasegaran T, Oliveira N. Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Advances in Treatment and Symptom Management. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:914-931. [PMID: 38913213 PMCID: PMC11236885 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved in the past decade due to substantial advances in understanding the genomic landscape and biology underpinning this form of prostate cancer. The implementation of various therapeutic agents has improved overall survival but despite the promising advances in therapeutic options, mCRPC remains incurable. The focus of treatment should be not only to improve survival but also to preserve the patient's quality of life (QoL) and ameliorate cancer-related symptoms such as pain. The choice and sequence of therapy for mCRPC patients are complex and influenced by various factors, such as side effects, disease burden, treatment history, comorbidities, patient preference and, more recently, the presence of actionable genomic alterations or biomarkers. Docetaxel is the first-line treatment for chemo-naïve patients with good performance status and those who have yet to progress on docetaxel in the castration-sensitive setting. Novel androgen agents (NHAs), such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, are effective treatment options that are utilized as second-line options. These medications can be considered upfront in frail patients or patients who are NHA naïve. Current guidelines recommend genetic testing in mCRPC for mutations in DNA repair deficiency genes to inform treatment decisions, as for example in breast cancer gene mutation testing. Other potential biomarkers being investigated include phosphatase and tensin homologues and homologous recombination repair genes. Despite a growing number of studies incorporating biomarkers in their trial designs, to date, only olaparib in the PROFOUND study and lutetium-177 in the VISION trial have improved survival. This is an unmet need, and future trials should focus on biomarker-guided treatment strategies. The advent of novel noncytotoxic agents has enhanced targeted drug delivery and improved treatment responses with favourable toxicity profiling. Trials should continue to incorporate and report health-related QoL scores and functional assessments into their trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivya Kulasegaran
- Mater Hospital Brisbane, Cancer Centre, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4104, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
| | - Niara Oliveira
- Mater Hospital Brisbane, Cancer Centre, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4104, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
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Li J, Huang Z, Wang P, Li R, Gao L, Lai KP. Therapeutic targets of formononetin for treating prostate cancer at the single-cell level. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10380-10401. [PMID: 38874510 PMCID: PMC11236323 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the serious health problems of older male, about 13% of male was affected by prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is highly heterogeneity disease with complex molecular and genetic alterations. So, targeting the gene candidates in prostate cancer in single-cell level can be a promising approach for treating prostate cancer. In the present study, we analyzed the single cell sequencing data obtained from 2 previous reports to determine the differential gene expression of prostate cancer in single-cell level. By using the network pharmacology analysis, we identified the therapeutic targets of formononetin in immune cells and tissue cells of prostate cancer. We then applied molecular docking to determine the possible direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins. Our result identified a cluster of differential gene expression in prostate cancer which can serve as novel biomarkers such as immunoglobulin kappa C for prostate cancer prognosis. The result of network pharmacology delineated the roles of formononetin's targets such CD74 and THBS1 in immune cells' function of prostate cancer. Also, formononetin targeted insulin receptor and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein which play important roles in metabolisms of tissue cells of prostate cancer. The result of molecular docking suggested the direct binding of formononetin to its target proteins including INSR, TNF, and CXCR4. Finally, we validated our findings by using formononetin-treated human prostate cancer cell DU145. For the first time, our result suggested the use of formononetin for treating prostate cancer through targeting different cell types in a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | | | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
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4
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Orman MV, Sreekanth V, Laajala TD, Cramer SD, Costello JC. ProstaMine: a bioinformatics tool for identifying subtype-specific co-alterations associated with aggressiveness in prostate cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360352. [PMID: 38751776 PMCID: PMC11094266 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men, marked by heterogeneous clinical and molecular characteristics. The complexity of the molecular landscape necessitates tools for identifying multi-gene co-alteration patterns that are associated with aggressive disease. The identification of such gene sets will allow for deeper characterization of the processes underlying prostate cancer progression and potentially lead to novel strategies for treatment. Methods We developed ProstaMine to systematically identify co-alterations associated with aggressiveness in prostate cancer molecular subtypes defined by high-fidelity alterations in primary prostate cancer. ProstaMine integrates genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data from five primary and one metastatic prostate cancer cohorts to prioritize co-alterations enriched in metastatic disease and associated with disease progression. Results Integrated analysis of primary tumors defined a set of 17 prostate cancer alterations associated with aggressive characteristics. We applied ProstaMine to NKX3-1-loss and RB1-loss tumors and identified subtype-specific co-alterations associated with metastasis and biochemical relapse in these molecular subtypes. In NKX3-1-loss prostate cancer, ProstaMine identified novel subtype-specific co-alterations known to regulate prostate cancer signaling pathways including MAPK, NF-kB, p53, PI3K, and Sonic hedgehog. In RB1-loss prostate cancer, ProstaMine identified novel subtype-specific co-alterations involved in p53, STAT6, and MHC class I antigen presentation. Co-alterations impacting autophagy were noted in both molecular subtypes. Conclusion ProstaMine is a method to systematically identify novel subtype-specific co-alterations associated with aggressive characteristics in prostate cancer. The results from ProstaMine provide insights into potential subtype-specific mechanisms of prostate cancer progression which can be formed into testable experimental hypotheses. ProstaMine is publicly available at: https://bioinformatics.cuanschutz.edu/prostamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Scott D. Cramer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James C. Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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5
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Woodcock DJ, Sahli A, Teslo R, Bhandari V, Gruber AJ, Ziubroniewicz A, Gundem G, Xu Y, Butler A, Anokian E, Pope BJ, Jung CH, Tarabichi M, Dentro SC, Farmery JHR, Van Loo P, Warren AY, Gnanapragasam V, Hamdy FC, Bova GS, Foster CS, Neal DE, Lu YJ, Kote-Jarai Z, Fraser M, Bristow RG, Boutros PC, Costello AJ, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM, Massie CE, Lynch AG, Brewer DS, Eeles RA, Cooper CS, Wedge DC. Genomic evolution shapes prostate cancer disease type. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100511. [PMID: 38428419 PMCID: PMC10943594 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of cancer is an evolutionary process involving the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations that disrupt normal biological processes, enabling tumor cells to rapidly proliferate and eventually invade and metastasize to other tissues. We investigated the genomic evolution of prostate cancer through the application of three separate classification methods, each designed to investigate a different aspect of tumor evolution. Integrating the results revealed the existence of two distinct types of prostate cancer that arise from divergent evolutionary trajectories, designated as the Canonical and Alternative evolutionary disease types. We therefore propose the evotype model for prostate cancer evolution wherein Alternative-evotype tumors diverge from those of the Canonical-evotype through the stochastic accumulation of genetic alterations associated with disruptions to androgen receptor DNA binding. Our model unifies many previous molecular observations, providing a powerful new framework to investigate prostate cancer disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Woodcock
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Atef Sahli
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Vinayak Bhandari
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas J Gruber
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Ziubroniewicz
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Bernard J Pope
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chol-Hee Jung
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan C Dentro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - J Henry R Farmery
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent Gnanapragasam
- Cambridge Urology Translational Research and Clinical Trials Office, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Steven Bova
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - David E Neal
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Fraser
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Health and Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Human Genetics and Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Costello
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlie E Massie
- Uro-Oncology Research Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK; Early Detection Programme and Urological Malignancies Programme, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Statistics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK; School of Medicine/School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Daniel S Brewer
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK.
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Colin S Cooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - David C Wedge
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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6
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Yang B, Zhao T, Dong B, Chen W, Yang G, Xie J, Guo C, Wang R, Wang H, Huang L, Peng B, Xue W, Yao X. Circulating tumor DNA and tissue complementarily detect genomic alterations in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. iScience 2024; 27:108931. [PMID: 38327772 PMCID: PMC10847732 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) remains inadequately elucidated. This study presents the largest real-world cohort to conduct a concordance analysis between ctDNA and tissue-based genomic profiling in HSPC patients. The findings reveal diminished ctDNA abundance in cases with low tumor burden and demonstrate an increased concordance rate between ctDNA and tissue along with the progression of disease burden. Notably, a substantial number of exclusive genomic alterations (GAs) were identified either in ctDNA or tissue in high-volume metastatic disease. Integrating tissue and ctDNA analysis identified specific gene alterations (BRCA1, BRCA2, CDK12, TP53, PTEN, or RB1) associated with a shorter time to the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), with an escalated CRPC risk correlated with cumulative GAs. This multicenter, real-world investigation underscores the complementary role of ctDNA and tissue in detecting clinically pertinent GAs, highlighting their potential integration into clinical practice for advanced prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Urology, the Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanjie Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longfei Huang
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Urologic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Karageorgos GM, Cho S, McDonough E, Chadwick C, Ghose S, Owens J, Jung KJ, Machiraju R, West R, Brooks JD, Mallick P, Ginty F. Deep learning-based automated pipeline for blood vessel detection and distribution analysis in multiplexed prostate cancer images. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 3:1296667. [PMID: 38323039 PMCID: PMC10844485 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1296667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, presenting varying levels of aggressiveness and response to treatment. Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, providing oxygen and nutrient supply to tumors. Micro vessel density has previously been correlated with higher Gleason score and poor prognosis. Manual segmentation of blood vessels (BVs) In microscopy images is challenging, time consuming and may be prone to inter-rater variabilities. In this study, an automated pipeline is presented for BV detection and distribution analysis in multiplexed prostate cancer images. Methods: A deep learning model was trained to segment BVs by combining CD31, CD34 and collagen IV images. In addition, the trained model was used to analyze the size and distribution patterns of BVs in relation to disease progression in a cohort of prostate cancer patients (N = 215). Results: The model was capable of accurately detecting and segmenting BVs, as compared to ground truth annotations provided by two reviewers. The precision (P), recall (R) and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were equal to 0.93 (SD 0.04), 0.97 (SD 0.02) and 0.71 (SD 0.07) with respect to reviewer 1, and 0.95 (SD 0.05), 0.94 (SD 0.07) and 0.70 (SD 0.08) with respect to reviewer 2, respectively. BV count was significantly associated with 5-year recurrence (adjusted p = 0.0042), while both count and area of blood vessel were significantly associated with Gleason grade (adjusted p = 0.032 and 0.003 respectively). Discussion: The proposed methodology is anticipated to streamline and standardize BV analysis, offering additional insights into the biology of prostate cancer, with broad applicability to other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyeong Joo Jung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Raghu Machiraju
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Adekiya TA, Owoseni O. Emerging frontiers in nanomedicine targeted therapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100778. [PMID: 37992539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer in men, often treated with chemotherapy. However, it tumor cells are clinically grows slowly and is heterogeneous, leading to treatment resistance and recurrence. Nanomedicines, through targeted delivery using nanocarriers, can enhance drug accumulation at the tumor site, sustain drug release, and counteract drug resistance. In addition, combination therapy using nanomedicines can target multiple cancer pathways, improving effectiveness and addressing tumor heterogeneity. The application of nanomedicine in prostate cancer treatment would be an important strategy in controlling tumor dynamic process as well as improve survival. Thus, this review highlights therapeutic nanoparticles as a solution for prostate cancer chemotherapy, exploring targeting strategies and approaches to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States.
| | - Oluwanifemi Owoseni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
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9
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Lautert-Dutra W, Melo CM, Chaves LP, Souza FC, Crozier C, Sundby AE, Woroszchuk E, Saggioro FP, Avante FS, dos Reis RB, Squire JA, Bayani J. Identification of tumor-agnostic biomarkers for predicting prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1280943. [PMID: 37965470 PMCID: PMC10641020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1280943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse clinical outcomes of prostate cancer have led to the development of gene signature assays predicting disease progression. Improved prostate cancer progression biomarkers are needed as current RNA biomarker tests have varying success for intermediate prostate cancer. Interest grows in universal gene signatures for invasive carcinoma progression. Early breast and prostate cancers share characteristics, including hormone dependence and BRCA1/2 mutations. Given the similarities in the pathobiology of breast and prostate cancer, we utilized the NanoString BC360 panel, comprising the validated PAM50 classifier and pathway-specific signatures associated with general tumor progression as well as breast cancer-specific classifiers. This retrospective cohort of primary prostate cancers (n=53) was stratified according to biochemical recurrence (BCR) status and the CAPRA-S to identify genes related to high-risk disease. Two public cohort (TCGA-PRAD and GSE54460) were used to validate the results. Expression profiling of our cohort uncovered associations between PIP and INHBA with BCR and high CAPRA-S score, as well as associations between VCAN, SFRP2, and THBS4 and BCR. Despite low levels of the ESR1 gene compared to AR, we found strong expression of the ER signaling signature, suggesting that BCR may be driven by ER-mediated pathways. Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated the expression of ESR1, PGR, VCAN, and SFRP2 could predict the occurrence of relapse events. This is in keeping with the pathways represented by these genes which contribute to angiogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It is likely that VCAN works by activating the stroma and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, SFRP2 overexpression has been associated with increased tumor size and reduced survival rates in breast cancer and among prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR. ESR1 influences disease progression by activating stroma, stimulating stem/progenitor prostate cancer, and inducing TGF-β. Estrogen signaling may therefore serve as a surrogate to AR signaling during progression and in hormone-refractory disease, particularly in prostate cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors. Collectively, the use of agnostic biomarkers developed for breast cancer stratification has facilitated a precise clinical classification of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting estrogen signaling in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila M. Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz P. Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Souza
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cheryl Crozier
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam E. Sundby
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Woroszchuk
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fabiano P. Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Avante
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B. dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy A. Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Bayani
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Yadav A, Biswas T, Praveen A, Ganguly P, Bhattacharyya A, Verma A, Datta D, Ateeq B. Targeting MALAT1 Augments Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition by Impairing Homologous Recombination in Prostate Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2044-2061. [PMID: 37812088 PMCID: PMC10561629 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic intervention for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the clinical utility of PARPi is limited to a subset of patients who harbor aberrations in the genes associated with the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Here, we report that targeting metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), contrives a BRCAness-like phenotype, and augments sensitivity to PARPi. Mechanistically, we show that MALAT1 silencing reprograms the homologous recombination (HR) transcriptome and makes prostate cancer cells more vulnerable to PARPi. Particularly, coinhibition of MALAT1 and PARP1 exhibits a decline in clonogenic survival, delays resolution of γH2AX foci, and reduces tumor burden in mice xenograft model. Moreover, we show that miR-421, a tumor suppressor miRNA, negatively regulates the expression of HR genes, while in aggressive prostate cancer cases, miR-421 is sequestered by MALAT1, leading to increased expression of HR genes. Conclusively, our findings suggest that MALAT1 ablation confers sensitivity to PARPi, thus highlighting an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), irrespective of the alterations in HR genes. SIGNIFICANCE PARPi are clinically approved for patients with metastatic CRPC carrying mutations in HR genes, but are ineffective for HR-proficient prostate cancer. Herein, we show that oncogenic lncRNA, MALAT1 is frequently overexpressed in advanced stage prostate cancer and plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity. Importantly, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy that emphasizes MALAT1 inhibition, leading to HR dysfunction in both HR-deficient and -proficient prostate cancer, consequently augmenting their susceptibility to PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanay Biswas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Praveen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Bhattacharyya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayushi Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Centre of Excellence for Cancer - Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Yu W, Zhao M, Deng Y, Liu S, Du G, Yan B, Zhao Z, Sun N, Guo J. Meta-analysis of 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in diagnostic efficacy of prostate Cancer. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37605288 PMCID: PMC10440897 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the diagnostic value of prostate cancer. METHOD The Chinese and foreign databases, such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, etc., were systematically searched within the period from the establishment of the database to June 1, 2022. Clinical studies related to the diagnosis of prostate cancer by methods such as 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CTCT, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, were researched. Two (2) investigators independently screened literatures, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias when these data were included in the studies with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Review Manager5.4, Stata 14.0, and Meta-disc 1.4 software were used for meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different methods in the diagnose of prostate cancer. RESULTS Twenty-seven (27) studies, including 2891 subjects were included in our study. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivities of 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.912 (95%CI: 0.883-0.936), 0.748 (95%CI: 0.698-0.795), and 0.916 (95%CI: 0.896-0.934), respectively; the pooled specification were 0.878 (0.844-0.907), 0.639 (95%CI: 0.589-0.687), and 0.734 (95%CI: 0.685-0.779), respectively; the positive likelihood ratios were 6.335 (95%CI: 4.288-9.357), 2.282 (95%CI: 1.497-3.477), and 3.593 (95%CI: 2.986-4.323), respectively; the negative likelihood ratios were 0.878 (95%CI: 0.844-0.907), 0.374 (95%CI: 0.280-0.499), and 0.110 (95%CI: 0.083-0.144), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratios were 65.125 (95%CI: 34.059-124.53), 7.094 (95%CI: 4.091-12.301), and 29.722 (95%CI: 20.141-43.863), respectively; the positive posterior probability was 64%, 38%, and 62%, respectively; the area under the SPOC curve was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93-0.97), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.78-0.84), and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.92-0.98), respectively. The funnel plots indicated that there was no significant publication bias in the included literatures. CONCLUSION The current evidences showed that 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had higher diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, among which 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was slightly higher in the sensitivity of the diagnosis of prostate cancer, while 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT may have higher efficacy in specificity and confirmed positive rate. Due to the limitations of the quality of the included samples and literatures, the above conclusions should be further validated by expanding the sample size and improving the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
- Post-doctoral Research Station, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Deng
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shengjing Liu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guanchao Du
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Post-doctoral Research Station, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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12
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Sorrentino C, Di Carlo E. Molecular Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112885. [PMID: 37296848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in men, and, despite the great improvements in survival in patients with localized cancer, the prognosis for metastatic disease remains poor. Novel molecular targeted therapies, which block specific molecules or signaling pathways in tumor cells or in their microenvironment, have shown encouraging results in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Among these therapeutic approaches, prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radionuclide therapies and DNA repair inhibitors represent the most promising ones, with some therapeutic protocols already approved by the FDA, whereas therapies targeting tumor neovascularization and immune checkpoint inhibitors have not yet demonstrated clear clinical benefits. In this review, the most relevant studies and clinical trials on this topic are illustrated and discussed, together with future research directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Burlibasa L, Nicu AT, Chifiriuc MC, Medar C, Petrescu A, Jinga V, Stoica I. H3 histone methylation landscape in male urogenital cancers: from molecular mechanisms to epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181764. [PMID: 37228649 PMCID: PMC10203431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, male urogenital cancers (including prostate, renal, bladder and testicular cancers) have become one of the most frequently encountered malignancies affecting all ages. While their great variety has promoted the development of various diagnosis, treatment and monitoring strategies, some aspects such as the common involvement of epigenetic mechanisms are still not elucidated. Epigenetic processes have come into the spotlight in the past years as important players in the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to a plethora of studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and even as therapeutic targets. Thus, fostering research on the various epigenetic mechanisms and their roles in cancer remains a priority for the scientific community. This review focuses on one of the main epigenetic mechanisms, namely, the methylation of the histone H3 at various sites and its involvement in male urogenital cancers. This histone modification presents a great interest due to its modulatory effect on gene expression, leading either to activation (e.g., H3K4me3, H3K36me3) or repression (e.g., H3K27me3, H3K9me3). In the last few years, growing evidence has demonstrated the aberrant expression of enzymes that methylate/demethylate histone H3 in cancer and inflammatory diseases, that might contribute to the initiation and progression of such disorders. We highlight how these particular epigenetic modifications are emerging as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or targets for the treatment of urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Medar
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amelia Petrescu
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr Theodor Burghele”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Activin B and Activin C Have Opposing Effects on Prostate Cancer Progression and Cell Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010147. [PMID: 36612143 PMCID: PMC9817897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current prognostic and diagnostic tests for prostate cancer are not able to accurately distinguish between aggressive and latent cancer. Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) family are known to be important in regulating prostate cell growth and some have been shown to be dysregulated in prostate cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine expression of TGFB family members in primary prostate tumour tissue and the phenotypic effect of activins on prostate cell growth. Tissue cores of prostate adenocarcinoma and normal prostate were immuno-stained and protein expression was compared between samples with different Gleason grades. The effect of exogenous treatment with, or overexpression of, activins on prostate cell line growth and migration was examined. Activin B expression was increased in cores containing higher Gleason patterns and overexpression of activin B inhibited growth of PNT1A cells but increased growth and migration of the metastatic PC3 cells compared to empty vector controls. In contrast, activin C expression decreased in higher Gleason grades and overexpression increased growth of PNT1A cells and decreased growth of PC3 cells. In conclusion, increased activin B and decreased activin C expression is associated with increasing prostate tumor grade and therefore have potential as prognostic markers of aggressive prostate cancer.
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15
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Wasim S, Lee SY, Kim J. Complexities of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14257. [PMID: 36430730 PMCID: PMC9696501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer has a long disease history and a wide variety and uncertainty in individual patients' clinical progress. In recent years, we have seen a revolutionary advance in both prostate cancer patient care and in the research field. The power of deep sequencing has provided cistromic and transcriptomic knowledge of prostate cancer that has not discovered before. Our understanding of prostate cancer biology, from bedside and molecular imaging techniques, has also been greatly advanced. It is important that our current theragnostic schemes, including our diagnostic modalities, therapeutic responses, and the drugs available to target non-AR signaling should be improved. This review article discusses the current progress in the understanding of prostate cancer biology and the recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Wasim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chen J, Meng J, Liu Y, Bian Z, Niu Q, Chen J, Zhou J, Zhang L, Zhang M, Liang C. Establishment of a five-enzalutamide-resistance-related-gene-based classifier for recurrence-free survival predicting of prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5379-5390. [PMID: 36168930 PMCID: PMC9639034 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify prostate cancer (PCa) patients with a high risk of recurrence is critical before delivering adjuvant treatment. We developed a classifier based on the Enzalutamide treatment resistance‐related genes to assist the currently available staging system in predicting the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) prognosis of PCa patients. We overlapped the DEGs from two datasets to obtain a more convincing Enzalutamide‐resistance‐related‐gene (ERRG) cluster. The five‐ERRG‐based classifier obtained good predictive values in both the training and validation cohorts. The classifier precisely predicted RFS of patients in four cohorts, independent of patient age, pathological tumour stage, Gleason score and PSA levels. The classifier and the clinicopathological factors were combined to construct a nomogram, which had an increased predictive accuracy than that of each variable alone. Besides, we also compared the differences between high‐ and low‐risk subgroups and found their differences were enriched in cancer progression‐related pathways. The five‐ERRG‐based classifier is a practical and reliable predictor, which adds value to the existing staging system for predicting the RFS prognosis of PCa after radical prostatectomy, enabling physicians to make more informed treatment decisions concerning adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zichen Bian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingsong Niu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Urology Institute of Shenzhen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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17
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Gholami N, Haghparast A, Alipourfard I, Nazari M. Prostate cancer in omics era. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:274. [PMID: 36064406 PMCID: PMC9442907 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in omics technology have prompted extraordinary attempts to define the molecular changes underlying the onset and progression of a variety of complex human diseases, including cancer. Since the advent of sequencing technology, cancer biology has become increasingly reliant on the generation and integration of data generated at these levels. The availability of multi-omic data has transformed medicine and biology by enabling integrated systems-level approaches. Multivariate signatures are expected to play a role in cancer detection, screening, patient classification, assessment of treatment response, and biomarker identification. This review reports current findings and highlights a number of studies that are both novel and groundbreaking in their application of multi Omics to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Gholami
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institutitue of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- , P.O. Box 14155-6117, Shiraz, Iran.
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18
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Gustafson KT, Sayar Z, Le H, Gustafson SL, Gower A, Modestino A, Ibsen S, Heller MJ, Esener S, Eksi SE. cyc‐DEP: Cyclic immunofluorescence profiling of particles collected using dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1784-1798. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Gustafson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Zeynep Sayar
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Hillary Le
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Steven L. Gustafson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Austin Gower
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Augusta Modestino
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Stuart Ibsen
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Michael J. Heller
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Sadik Esener
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
| | - Sebnem E. Eksi
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
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19
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Rao A, Moka N, Hamstra DA, Ryan CJ. Co-Inhibition of Androgen Receptor and PARP as a Novel Treatment Paradigm in Prostate Cancer-Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:801. [PMID: 35159068 PMCID: PMC8834038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer remains lethal with a 5-year survival rate of about 30%, indicating the need for better treatment options. Novel antiandrogens (NAA)-enzalutamide and abiraterone-have been the mainstay of treatment for advanced disease since 2011. In patients who progress on the first NAA, responses to the second NAA are infrequent (25-30%) and short-lasting (median PFS ~3 months). With the growing adoption of NAA therapy in pre-metastatic castration-resistant settings, finding better treatment options for first-line mCRPC has become an urgent clinical need. The regulatory approval of two PARP inhibitors in 2020-rucaparib and olaparib-has provided the first targeted therapy option for patients harboring defects in selected DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathway genes. However, a growing body of preclinical and clinical data shows that co-inhibition of AR and PARP induces synthetic lethality and could be a promising therapy for patients without any DDR alterations. In this review article, we will investigate the limitations of NAA monotherapy, the mechanistic rationale for synthetic lethality induced by co-inhibition of AR and PARP, the clinical data that have led to the global development of a number of these AR and PARP combination therapies, and how this may impact patient care in the next 2-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Rao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagaishwarya Moka
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Hamstra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Charles J. Ryan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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20
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Treatment-driven tumour heterogeneity and drug resistance: lessons from solid tumours. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 104:102340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Vogl UM, Beer TM, Davis ID, Shore ND, Sweeney CJ, Ost P, Attard G, Bossi A, de Bono J, Drake CG, Efstathiou E, Fanti S, Fizazi K, Halabi S, James N, Mottet N, Padhani AR, Roach M, Rubin M, Sartor O, Small E, Smith MR, Soule H, Sydes MR, Tombal B, Omlin A, Gillessen S. Lack of consensus identifies important areas for future clinical research: Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2019 findings. Eur J Cancer 2022; 160:24-60. [PMID: 34844839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in treatments, imaging and molecular characterisation have improved outcomes for people with advanced prostate cancer; however, many aspects of clinical management are devoid of high-level evidence. At the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2019, many of these topics were addressed, and consensus was not always reached. The results from clinical trials will most reliably plus the gaps. METHODS An invited panel of 57 experts voted on 123 multiple-choice questions on clinical management at APCCC 2019. No consensus was reached on 88 (71.5%) questions defined as <75% of panellists voting for the same answer option. We reviewed clinicaltrials.gov to identify relevant ongoing phase III trials in these areas of non-consensus. RESULTS A number of ongoing phase III trials were identified that are relevant to these non-consensus issues. However, many non-consensus issues appear not to be addressed by current clinical trials. Of note, no phase III but only phase II trials were identified, investigating side effects of hormonal treatments and their management. CONCLUSIONS Lack of consensus almost invariably indicates gaps in existing evidence. The high percentage of questions lacking consensus at APCCC 2019 highlights the complexity of advanced prostate cancer care and the need for robust, clinically relevant trials that can fill current gaps with high-level evidence. Our review of these areas of non-consensus and ongoing trials provides a useful summary, indicating areas in which future consensus may soon be reached. This review may facilitate academic investigators to identify and prioritise topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M Vogl
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ian D Davis
- Monash University and Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Alberto Bossi
- Genito Urinary Oncology, Prostate Brachytherapy Unit, Goustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Charles G Drake
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Susan Halabi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Anwar R Padhani
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mack Roach
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Rubin
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Small
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Soule
- Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Sydes
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aurelius Omlin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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22
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Eksi SE, Chitsazan A, Sayar Z, Thomas GV, Fields AJ, Kopp RP, Spellman PT, Adey AC. Epigenetic loss of heterogeneity from low to high grade localized prostate tumours. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7292. [PMID: 34911933 PMCID: PMC8674326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying precise molecular subtypes attributable to specific stages of localized prostate cancer has proven difficult due to high levels of heterogeneity. Bulk assays represent a population-average, which mask the heterogeneity that exists at the single-cell level. In this work, we sequence the accessible chromatin regions of 14,424 single-cells from 18 flash-frozen prostate tumours. We observe shared chromatin features among low-grade prostate cancer cells are lost in high-grade tumours. Despite this loss, high-grade tumours exhibit an enrichment for FOXA1, HOXB13 and CDX2 transcription factor binding sites, indicating a shared trans-regulatory programme. We identify two unique genes encoding neuronal adhesion molecules that are highly accessible in high-grade prostate tumours. We show NRXN1 and NLGN1 expression in epithelial, endothelial, immune and neuronal cells in prostate cancer using cyclic immunofluorescence. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the active gene regulatory networks in primary prostate tumours, critical for molecular stratification of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Ece Eksi
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97209, USA.
| | - Alex Chitsazan
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zeynep Sayar
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew J Fields
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ryan P Kopp
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul T Spellman
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrew C Adey
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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23
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Islam S, Wang S, Bowden N, Martin J, Head R. Repurposing existing therapeutics, its importance in oncology drug development: Kinases as a potential target. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:64-74. [PMID: 34192364 PMCID: PMC9292808 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing the large arsenal of existing non‐cancer drugs is an attractive proposition to expand the clinical pipelines for cancer therapeutics. The earlier successes in repurposing resulted primarily from serendipitous findings, but more recently, drug or target‐centric systematic identification of repurposing opportunities continues to rise. Kinases are one of the most sought‐after anti‐cancer drug targets over the last three decades. There are many non‐cancer approved drugs that can inhibit kinases as “off‐targets” as well as many existing kinase inhibitors that can target new additional kinases in cancer. Identifying cancer‐associated kinase inhibitors through mining commercial drug databases or new kinase targets for existing inhibitors through comprehensive kinome profiling can offer more effective trial‐ready options to rapidly advance drugs for clinical validation. In this review, we argue that drug repurposing is an important approach in modern drug development for cancer therapeutics. We have summarized the advantages of repurposing, the rationale behind this approach together with key barriers and opportunities in cancer drug development. We have also included examples of non‐cancer drugs that inhibit kinases or are associated with kinase signalling as a basis for their anti‐cancer action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 500, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 500, Australia
| | - Nikola Bowden
- Centre for Human Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Centre for Human Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Richard Head
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 500, Australia
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24
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Guo L, Liu Y, Liu L, Shao S, Cao Y, Guo J, Niu H. The CYP19A1 (TTTA)n Repeat Polymorphism May Affect the Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211017033. [PMID: 34036824 PMCID: PMC8161905 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211017033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aromatase (CYP19A1) expression may participate in prostate cancer (PCa) carcinogenesis. However, the results of studies on the CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms and PCa are conflicting. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the associations between the CYP19A1 Arg264Cys polymorphism and the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism and PCa. Electronic databases (PubMed, EmBase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched to identify eligible studies. The strength of the association between the Arg264Cys polymorphism and PCa was assessed by pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in allelic, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous genetic models. To analyze the impact of the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, we sequentially took the N-repeat allele (where N equals 7,8,10,11,12, and 13) as the minor allele and the sum of all the other alleles as the major allele. The ORs and 95% CIs were calculated in the allelic model; this analysis was performed individually for each repeat number. Pooled estimates of nine studies addressing the Arg264Cys polymorphism indicated that this polymorphism was not associated with PCa risk in the overall population or in the Caucasian or Asian subgroups. The 8-repeat allele in the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism increased PCa risk in the overall population (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.14-1.58, p = .001) and in the subgroup with population-based (PB) controls (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.13-1.74, p = .002) as well as in the subgroup using capillary electrophoresis to identify this polymorphism (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09-1.65, p = .006).The meta-analysis indicated that the CYP19A1 (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism, but not the Arg264Cys polymorphism, may affect PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shixiu Shao
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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25
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Klusa D, Lohaus F, Furesi G, Rauner M, Benešová M, Krause M, Kurth I, Peitzsch C. Metastatic Spread in Prostate Cancer Patients Influencing Radiotherapy Response. Front Oncol 2021; 10:627379. [PMID: 33747899 PMCID: PMC7971112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and surgery are curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%. Once PCa cells spread into distant organs, such as bone, the overall survival rate of patients drops dramatically. The metastatic cascade and organotropism of PCa cells are regulated by different cellular subtypes, organ microenvironment, and their interactions. This cross-talk leads to pre-metastatic niche formation that releases chemo-attractive factors enforcing the formation of distant metastasis. Biological characteristics of PCa metastasis impacting on metastatic sites, burden, and latency is of clinical relevance. Therefore, the implementation of modern hybrid imaging technologies into clinical routine increased the sensitivity to detect metastases at earlier stages. This enlarged the number of PCa patients diagnosed with a limited number of metastases, summarized as oligometastatic disease. These patients can be treated with androgen deprivation in combination with local-ablative radiotherapy or radiopharmaceuticals directed to metastatic sites. Unfortunately, the number of patients with disease recurrence is high due to the enormous heterogeneity within the oligometastatic patient population and the lack of available biomarkers with predictive potential for metastasis-directed radiotherapy. Another, so far unmet clinical need is the diagnosis of minimal residual disease before onset of clinical manifestation and/or early relapse after initial therapy. Here, monitoring of circulating and disseminating tumor cells in PCa patients during the course of radiotherapy may give us novel insight into how metastatic spread is influenced by radiotherapy and vice versa. In summary, this review critically compares current clinical concepts for metastatic PCa patients and discuss the implementation of recent preclinical findings improving our understanding of metastatic dissemination and radiotherapy resistance into standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Klusa
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Furesi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden,Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden,Germany
| | | | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Giglio S, De Nunzio C, Cirombella R, Stoppacciaro A, Faruq O, Volinia S, Baldassarre G, Tubaro A, Ishii H, Croce CM, Vecchione A. A preliminary study of micro-RNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:79. [PMID: 33622375 PMCID: PMC7903618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background A prostate cancer diagnosis is based on biopsy sampling that is an invasive, expensive procedure, and doesn’t accurately represent multifocal disease. Methods To establish a model using plasma miRs to distinguish Prostate cancer patients from non-cancer controls, we enrolled 600 patients histologically diagnosed as having or not prostate cancer at biopsy. Two hundred ninety patients were eligible for the analysis. Samples were randomly divided into discovery and validation cohorts. Results NGS-miR-expression profiling revealed a miRs signature able to distinguish prostate cancer from non-cancer plasma samples. Of 51 miRs selected in the discovery cohort, we successfully validated 5 miRs (4732-3p, 98-5p, let-7a-5p, 26b-5p, and 21-5p) deregulated in prostate cancer samples compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). Multivariate and ROC analyses show miR-26b-5p as a strong predictor of PCa, with an AUC of 0.89 (CI = 0.83–0.95;p < 0.001). Combining miRs 26b-5p and 98-5p, we developed a model that has the best predictive power in discriminating prostate cancer from non-cancer (AUC = 0.94; CI: 0,835-0,954). To distinguish between low and high-grade prostate cancer, we found that miR-4732-3p levels were significantly higher; instead, miR-26b-5p and miR-98-5p levels were lower in low-grade compared to the high-grade group (p ≤ 0.05). Combining miR-26b-5p and miR-4732-3p we have the highest diagnostic accuracy for high-grade prostate cancer patients, (AUC = 0.80; CI 0,69-0,873). Conclusions Noninvasive diagnostic tests may reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. The 2-miRs-diagnostic model (miR-26b-5p and miR-98-5p) and the 2-miRs-grade model (miR-26b-5p and miR-4732-3p) are promising minimally invasive tools in prostate cancer clinical management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01875-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giglio
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirombella
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Omar Faruq
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of morphological surgery and experimental medicine, Università degli Studi, Via Fossato di Mortara 64b, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, CRO National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research (CoMIT: 081), Suita, Yamadaoka 2-2, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The Ohio University, 460W12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- University of Rome "Sapienza", Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Rebello RJ, Oing C, Knudsen KE, Loeb S, Johnson DC, Reiter RE, Gillessen S, Van der Kwast T, Bristow RG. Prostate cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021. [PMID: 33542230 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0024.3-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of men globally, predominantly in high human development index regions. Patients with localized disease at a low to intermediate risk of recurrence generally have a favourable outcome of 99% overall survival for 10 years if the disease is detected and treated at an early stage. Key genetic alterations include fusions of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes, amplification of the MYC oncogene, deletion and/or mutation of PTEN and TP53 and, in advanced disease, amplification and/or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR). Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed by prostate biopsy prompted by a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen levels and/or digital rectal examination. Treatment for localized disease includes active surveillance, radical prostatectomy or ablative radiotherapy as curative approaches. Men whose disease relapses after prostatectomy are treated with salvage radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for local relapse, or with ADT combined with chemotherapy or novel androgen signalling-targeted agents for systemic relapse. Advanced prostate cancer often progresses despite androgen ablation and is then considered castration-resistant and incurable. Current treatment options include AR-targeted agents, chemotherapy, radionuclides and the poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitor olaparib. Current research aims to improve prostate cancer detection, management and outcomes, including understanding the fundamental biology at all stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rebello
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christoph Oing
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of Pneumology, University Medical Centre Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health and Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - David C Johnson
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert E Reiter
- Department of Urology, Jonssen Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Theodorus Van der Kwast
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert G Bristow
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
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28
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of men globally, predominantly in high human development index regions. Patients with localized disease at a low to intermediate risk of recurrence generally have a favourable outcome of 99% overall survival for 10 years if the disease is detected and treated at an early stage. Key genetic alterations include fusions of TMPRSS2 with ETS family genes, amplification of the MYC oncogene, deletion and/or mutation of PTEN and TP53 and, in advanced disease, amplification and/or mutation of the androgen receptor (AR). Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed by prostate biopsy prompted by a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen levels and/or digital rectal examination. Treatment for localized disease includes active surveillance, radical prostatectomy or ablative radiotherapy as curative approaches. Men whose disease relapses after prostatectomy are treated with salvage radiotherapy and/or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for local relapse, or with ADT combined with chemotherapy or novel androgen signalling-targeted agents for systemic relapse. Advanced prostate cancer often progresses despite androgen ablation and is then considered castration-resistant and incurable. Current treatment options include AR-targeted agents, chemotherapy, radionuclides and the poly(ADP-ribose) inhibitor olaparib. Current research aims to improve prostate cancer detection, management and outcomes, including understanding the fundamental biology at all stages of the disease.
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29
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MicroRNA-4287 is a novel tumor suppressor microRNA controlling epithelial-to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4681-4692. [PMID: 33473254 PMCID: PMC7771715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant cause of male morbidity in the United States. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, significant fraction of cases still progress to an advanced stage. Various genetic/epigenetic elements that facilitate this progression are not yet completely known and the mechanism that favors advanced disease is an area of investigation. A characteristic feature associated with progressive disease is deletion of chromosome 8p (chr8p) region, that harbors tumor-suppressor NKX3.1. Previous studies from our group has shown that there are cluster of microRNAs (miRNAs) located within this region whose loss favors advanced, metastatic disease. miR-4287 is a novel miRNA located within this region that has not been studied before. In the present study, we analyzed the role of miR-4287 in PCa using clinical tissues and cell lines. We observed that miR-4287 is significantly downregulated in patient-derived tumor tissues. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed that miR-4287 distinguishes prostate cancer from normal with a specificity of 88.24% and with an Area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66. Further, we found that miR-4287 levels correlate inversely with patients' serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Ectopic over-expression of miR-4287 in PCa cell lines showed that miR-4287 plays a tumor suppressor role. miR-4287 led to an increase in G2/M phase of cell cycle in PCa cell lines. Further, ectopic miR-4287 inhibited PCa epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by directly repressing SLUG and stem cell marker CD44. Since miR-4287 specifically targets metastasis pathway mediators, miR-4287 has potential diagnostic and therapeutic significance in preventing advanced, metastatic disease.
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30
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Johnson H, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Simoulis A, Wu AHB, Xia T, Li F, Tan W, Johnson A, Dizeyi N, Abrahamsson PA, Kenner L, Feng X, Zou C, Xiao K, Persson JL, Chen L. Development and validation of a 25-Gene Panel urine test for prostate cancer diagnosis and potential treatment follow-up. BMC Med 2020; 18:376. [PMID: 33256740 PMCID: PMC7706045 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) contributes to inaccurate cancer screening and diagnosis, unnecessary biopsies, and overtreatment. We intended to develop non-invasive urine tests for accurate PCa diagnosis to avoid unnecessary biopsies. METHODS Using a machine learning program, we identified a 25-Gene Panel classifier for distinguishing PCa and benign prostate. A non-invasive test using pre-biopsy urine samples collected without digital rectal examination (DRE) was used to measure gene expression of the panel using cDNA preamplification followed by real-time qRT-PCR. The 25-Gene Panel urine test was validated in independent multi-center retrospective and prospective studies. The diagnostic performance of the test was assessed against the pathological diagnosis from biopsy by discriminant analysis. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess its diagnostic improvement over PSA and risk factors. In addition, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was used to identify clinically significant PCa. Furthermore, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was assessed in a subset of patients to examine if cancer was detected after prostatectomy. RESULTS The 25-Gene Panel urine test accurately detected cancer and benign prostate with AUC of 0.946 (95% CI 0.963-0.929) in the retrospective cohort (n = 614), AUC of 0.901 (0.929-0.873) in the prospective cohort (n = 396), and AUC of 0.936 (0.956-0.916) in the large combination cohort (n = 1010). It greatly improved diagnostic accuracy over PSA and risk factors (p < 0.0001). When it was combined with PSA, the AUC increased to 0.961 (0.980-0.942). Importantly, the 25-Gene Panel urine test was able to accurately identify clinically significant and insignificant PCa with AUC of 0.928 (95% CI 0.947-0.909) in the combination cohort (n = 727). In addition, it was able to show the absence of cancer after prostatectomy with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The 25-Gene Panel urine test is the first highly accurate and non-invasive liquid biopsy method without DRE for PCa diagnosis. In clinical practice, it may be used for identifying patients in need of biopsy for cancer diagnosis and patients with clinically significant cancer for immediate treatment, and potentially assisting cancer treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen Urology Minimally Invasive Engineering Centre, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical Research Centre, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heqiu Zhang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Athanasios Simoulis
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Clinical Laboratories, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taolin Xia
- Department of Urology, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Abrahamsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical University Vienna & Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical Research Centre, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kefeng Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen Urology Minimally Invasive Engineering Centre, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical Research Centre, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lingwu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Tonry C, Finn S, Armstrong J, Pennington SR. Clinical proteomics for prostate cancer: understanding prostate cancer pathology and protein biomarkers for improved disease management. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:41. [PMID: 33292167 PMCID: PMC7678104 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the introduction of routine Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening in the early 1990's, Prostate Cancer (PCa) is often detected at an early stage. There are also a growing number of treatment options available and so the associated mortality rate is generally low. However, PCa is an extremely complex and heterogenous disease and many patients suffer disease recurrence following initial therapy. Disease recurrence commonly results in metastasis and metastatic PCa has an average survival rate of just 3-5 years. A significant problem in the clinical management of PCa is being able to differentiate between patients who will respond to standard therapies and those who may benefit from more aggressive intervention at an earlier stage. It is also acknowledged that for many men the disease is not life threatenting. Hence, there is a growing desire to identify patients who can be spared the significant side effects associated with PCa treatment until such time (if ever) their disease progresses to the point where treatment is required. To these important clinical needs, current biomarkers and clinical methods for patient stratification and personlised treatment are insufficient. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the complexities of PCa pathology and disease management. In this context it is possible to review current biomarkers and proteomic technologies that will support development of biomarker-driven decision tools to meet current important clinical needs. With such an in-depth understanding of disease pathology, the development of novel clinical biomarkers can proceed in an efficient and effective manner, such that they have a better chance of improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Tonry
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Fiorica PN, Schubert R, Morris JD, Abdul Sami M, Wheeler HE. Multi-ethnic transcriptome-wide association study of prostate cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236209. [PMID: 32986714 PMCID: PMC7521738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic risk for prostate cancer has been governed by a few rare variants with high penetrance and over 150 commonly occurring variants with lower impact on risk; however, most of these variants have been identified in studies containing exclusively European individuals. People of non-European ancestries make up less than 15% of prostate cancer GWAS subjects. Across the globe, incidence of prostate cancer varies with population due to environmental and genetic factors. The discrepancy between disease incidence and representation in genetics highlights the need for more studies of the genetic risk for prostate cancer across diverse populations. To better understand the genetic risk for prostate cancer across diverse populations, we performed PrediXcan and GWAS in a case-control study of 4,769 self-identified African American (2,463 cases and 2,306 controls), 2,199 Japanese American (1,106 cases and 1,093 controls), and 2,147 Latin American (1,081 cases and 1,066 controls) individuals from the Multiethnic Genome-wide Scan of Prostate Cancer. We used prediction models from 46 tissues in GTEx version 8 and five models from monocyte transcriptomes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Across the three populations, we predicted 19 gene-tissue pairs, including five unique genes, to be significantly (lfsr < 0.05) associated with prostate cancer. One of these genes, NKX3-1, replicated in a larger European study. At the SNP level, 110 SNPs met genome-wide significance in the African American study while 123 SNPs met significance in the Japanese American study. Fine mapping revealed three significant independent loci in the African American study and two significant independent loci in the Japanese American study. These identified loci confirm findings from previous GWAS of prostate cancer in diverse populations while PrediXcan-identified genes suggest potential new directions for prostate cancer research in populations across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Fiorica
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ryan Schubert
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - John D. Morris
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Abdul Sami
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Heather E. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Stochastic Sequential Modeling: Toward Improved Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Through Temporal-Ultrasound. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:573-584. [PMID: 32779056 PMCID: PMC7851024 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common, serious form of cancer in men that is still prevalent despite ongoing developments in diagnostic oncology. Current detection methods lead to high rates of inaccurate diagnosis. We present a method to directly model and exploit temporal aspects of temporal enhanced ultrasound (TeUS) for tissue characterization, which improves malignancy prediction. We employ a probabilistic-temporal framework, namely, hidden Markov models (HMMs), for modeling TeUS data obtained from PCa patients. We distinguish malignant from benign tissue by comparing the respective log-likelihood estimates generated by the HMMs. We analyze 1100 TeUS signals acquired from 12 patients. Our results show improved malignancy identification compared to previous results, demonstrating over 85% accuracy and AUC of 0.95. Incorporating temporal information directly into the models leads to improved tissue differentiation in PCa. We expect our method to generalize and be applied to other types of cancer in which temporal-ultrasound can be recorded.
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34
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Felgueiras J, Silva JV, Nunes A, Fernandes I, Patrício A, Maia N, Pelech S, Fardilha M. Investigation of spectroscopic and proteomic alterations underlying prostate carcinogenesis. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Tiwari R, Manzar N, Ateeq B. Dynamics of Cellular Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32754615 PMCID: PMC7365877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advances in the treatment for prostate cancer, the patients often develop resistance to the conventional therapeutic interventions. Therapy-induced drug resistance and tumor progression have been associated with cellular plasticity acquired due to reprogramming at the molecular and phenotypic levels. The plasticity of the tumor cells is mainly governed by two factors: cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic. The cell-intrinsic factors involve alteration in the genetic or epigenetic regulators, while cell-extrinsic factors include microenvironmental cues and drug-induced selective pressure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness are two important hallmarks that dictate cellular plasticity in multiple cancer types including prostate. Emerging evidence has also pinpointed the role of tumor cell plasticity in driving anti-androgen induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal and therapy-resistant subtype. In this review, we discuss the role of cellular plasticity manifested due to genetic, epigenetic alterations and cues from the tumor microenvironment, and their role in driving therapy resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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36
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Pak S, You D, Jeong IG, Lee DE, Kim SH, Joung JY, Lee KH, Hong JH, Kim CS, Ahn H. Cause of Mortality after Radical Prostatectomy and the Impact of Comorbidity in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Study in Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52:1242-1250. [PMID: 32632083 PMCID: PMC7577814 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the causes of death in Korean patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and investigate the relationship between comorbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study including 4,064 consecutive patients who had prostate cancer and underwent radical prostatectomy between January 1998 and June 2013. The primary endpoint of this study was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated to assess the comorbidities of each patient. Results Of 4,064 patients, 446 (11.0%) died during follow-up. The cause of death was prostate cancer in 132 patients (29.6%), other cancers in 121 patients (27.1%), and vascular disease in 57 patients (12.8%) in our cohort. The overall 10-year CSM rate was lower than the OCM rate (4.6% vs. 10.5%). The 10-year CSM rate was lower than the OCM rate in low- to intermediate-risk group patients (1.2% vs. 10.6%), whereas they were similar in high-risk group patients (11.8% vs. 10.1%). In the multivariable analysis, CCI was independently associated with all-cause mortality after radical prostatectomy, regardless of age and pathologic features. Conclusion Death from prostate cancer was rare in Korean men who underwent radical prostatectomy. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer in men with significant comorbidity. Our findings may help to facilitate counseling and plan management in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahyun Pak
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dalsan You
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gab Jeong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Hong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kalogirou C, Krebs M. Metabolisches Profiling und Prostatakarzinomrisiko: Chance für „liquid biopsies“? Urologe A 2020; 59:839-840. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Stokidis S, Fortis SP, Kogionou P, Anagnostou T, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN. HLA Class I Allele Expression and Clinical Outcome in De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061623. [PMID: 32570992 PMCID: PMC7352811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the prognostic relevance of the most frequently expressed HLA-A alleles in Greece (A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02) in de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive PCa (mPCa), which is a rare and aggressive disease characterized by a rapid progression to castration-resistance (CR) and poor overall survival (OS), contributing to almost 50% of PCa-related deaths. We identified 56 patients who had either progressed to CR (these patients were retrospectively analyzed for the time to the progression of CR and prospectively for OS) or had at least three months’ follow-up postdiagnosis without CR progression and, thus, were prospectively analyzed for both CR and OS. Patients expressing HLA-A*02:01 showed poor clinical outcomes vs. HLA-A*02:01−negative patients. HLA-A*24:02−positive patients progressed slower to CR and had increased OS. Homozygous HLA-A*02:01 patients progressed severely to CR, with very short OS. Multivariate analyses ascribed to both HLA alleles significant prognostic values for the time to progression (TTP) to CR and OS. The presence of HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*24:02 alleles in de novo mPCa patients are significantly and independently associated with unfavorable or favorable clinical outcomes, respectively, suggesting their possible prognostic relevance for treatment decision-making in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Stokidis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Paraskevi Kogionou
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Theodoros Anagnostou
- Department of Urology, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras avenue, 11522 Athens, Greece; (S.S.); (S.P.F.); (P.K.); (S.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-640-9624
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39
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Dawson NA, Zibelman M, Lindsay T, Feldman RA, Saul M, Gatalica Z, Korn WM, Heath EI. An Emerging Landscape for Canonical and Actionable Molecular Alterations in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1373-1382. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Wei J, Yin Y, Deng Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Yin G, Yang J, Tang Y. Integrative Analysis of MicroRNA and Gene Interactions for Revealing Candidate Signatures in Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:176. [PMID: 32180804 PMCID: PMC7057858 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-gene interactions are well-recognized as involved in the progression of almost all cancer types including prostate cancer, which is one of the most common cancers in men. This study explored the significantly dysregulated genes and miRNAs and elucidated the potential miRNA-gene regulatory network in prostate cancer. Integrative analysis of prostate cancer and normal prostate transcriptomic data in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset was conducted using both differential expression analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Thirteen genes (RRM2, ORC6, CDC45, CDKN2A, E2F2, MYBL2, CCNB2, PLK1, FOXM1, CDC25C, PKMYT1, GTSE1, and CDC20) were potentially correlated with prostate cancer based on functional enrichment analyses. MiRNAs targeting these genes were predicted and eight miRNAs were intersections between those miRNAs and the hub miRNAs obtained from miRNA WGCNA analysis. Three genes (E2F2, RRM2, and PKMYT1) and four miRNAs (hsa-mir-17-5p, hsa-mir-20a-5p, hsa-mir-92a-3p, and hsa-mir-93-5p) were key factors according to the interaction network. RRM2 and PKMYT1 were significantly related to survival. These findings partially elucidated the dysregulation of gene expressions in prostate cancer. Efficient manipulations of the miRNA-gene interactions in prostate cancer may be exploited as promising therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiancheng Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianfu Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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TIP5 primes prostate luminal cells for the oncogenic transformation mediated by PTEN-loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3637-3647. [PMID: 32024754 PMCID: PMC7035629 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911673117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell of origin and the temporal order of oncogenic events in tumors play important roles for disease state. This is of particular interest for PCa due to its highly variable clinical outcome. However, these features are difficult to analyze in tumors. We established an in vitro murine PCa organoid model taking into account the cell of origin and the temporal order of events. We found that TIP5 primes luminal prostate cells for Pten-loss mediated oncogenic transformation whereas it is dispensable once the transformation is established. Cross-species transcriptomic analyses revealed a PTEN-loss gene signature that identified a set of aggressive tumors with PTEN-del, or low PTEN expression, and high-TIP5 expression. This paper provides a powerful tool to elucidate PCa mechanisms. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Its clinical and molecular heterogeneities and the lack of in vitro models outline the complexity of PCa in the clinical and research settings. We established an in vitro mouse PCa model based on organoid technology that takes into account the cell of origin and the order of events. Primary PCa with deletion of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (PTEN-del) can be modeled through Pten-down-regulation in mouse organoids. We used this system to elucidate the contribution of TIP5 in PCa initiation, a chromatin regulator that is implicated in aggressive PCa. High TIP5 expression correlates with primary PTEN-del PCa and this combination strongly associates with reduced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence-free survival. TIP5 is critical for the initiation of PCa of luminal origin mediated by Pten-loss whereas it is dispensable once Pten-loss mediated transformation is established. Cross-species analyses revealed a PTEN gene signature that identified a group of aggressive primary PCas characterized by PTEN-del, high-TIP5 expression, and a TIP5-regulated gene expression profile. The results highlight the modeling of PCa with organoids as a powerful tool to elucidate the role of genetic alterations found in recent studies in their time orders and cells of origin, thereby providing further optimization for tumor stratification to improve the clinical management of PCa.
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42
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Hepburn AC, Sims CHC, Buskin A, Heer R. Engineering Prostate Cancer from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-New Opportunities to Develop Preclinical Tools in Prostate and Prostate Cancer Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E905. [PMID: 32019175 PMCID: PMC7036761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key issues hampering the development of effective treatments for prostate cancer is the lack of suitable, tractable, and patient-specific in vitro models that accurately recapitulate this disease. In this review, we address the challenges of using primary cultures and patient-derived xenografts to study prostate cancer. We describe emerging approaches using primary prostate epithelial cells and prostate organoids and their genetic manipulation for disease modelling. Furthermore, the use of human prostate-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is highlighted as a promising complimentary approach. Finally, we discuss the manipulation of iPSCs to generate 'avatars' for drug disease testing. Specifically, we describe how a conceptual advance through the creation of living biobanks of "genetically engineered cancers" that contain patient-specific driver mutations hold promise for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia C. Hepburn
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - C. H. Cole Sims
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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Sulfiredoxin as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2148562. [PMID: 32411320 PMCID: PMC7201699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2148562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing, and it is currently the second most frequent cause of death by cancer in men. Despite advancements in cancer therapies, new therapeutic approaches are still needed for treatment-refractory advanced metastatic PCa. Cross-species analysis presents a robust strategy for the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. This strategy involves the integration of genomic data from genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and human PCa datasets. Considering the role of antioxidant pathways in tumor initiation and progression, we searched oxidative stress-related genes for a potential therapeutic target for PCa. First, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data from Pb-Cre4; Ptenf/f mice and discovered an increase in sulfiredoxin (Srxn1) mRNA expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (medium-stage tumors), and poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma (advanced-stage prostate tumors). The increase of SRXN1 protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in mouse prostate tumor paraffin samples. Analyses of human databases and prostate tissue microarrays demonstrated that SRXN1 is overexpressed in a subset of high-grade prostate tumors and correlates with aggressive PCa with worse prognosis and decreased survival. Analyses in vitro showed that SRXN1 expression is also higher in most PCa cell lines compared to normal cell lines. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated downregulation of SRXN1 led to decreased viability of PCa cells LNCaP. In conclusion, we identified the antioxidant enzyme SRXN1 as a potential therapeutic target for PCa. Our results suggest that the use of specific SRXN1 inhibitors may be an effective strategy for the adjuvant treatment of castration-resistant PCa with SRXN1 overexpression.
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44
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Badal S, Aiken W, Morrison B, Valentine H, Bryan S, Gachi A, Ragin C. Disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates: Solvable or not? Prostate 2020; 80:3-16. [PMID: 31702061 PMCID: PMC8378246 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is recognized as a disease possessing not only great variation in its geographic and racial distribution but also tremendous variation in its potential to cause morbidity and death and it, therefore, ought not to be considered a homogenous disease entity. Morbidity and death from PCa are disproportionately higher in men of African ancestry (MAA) who are generally observed to have more aggressive disease and worse outcomes following treatment compared to men of European ancestry (MEA). The higher rates of PCa among MAA relative to MEA appear to be multifactorial and related to inherent differences in biological aggressiveness; a continued lack of awareness of the disease and methods of prevention; a lower prevalence of screen-detected PCa; comparatively lower access to quality healthcare as well as systemic and institutionalized disparities in the administration of optimal care to MAA in developed countries such as the United States of America where high-quality care is available. Even when access to quality healthcare is assured in equal access settings, it appears that MAA still have worse outcomes after PCa treatment stage-for-stage and grade-for-grade compared to MEA, suggesting that, inherent racial, ethnic and biological differences are paramount in predicting poor outcomes. This review has explored the different contributing factors to the current disparities in PCa incidence and mortality rates with emphasis on the incongruence in how research has been conducted in understanding the disease towards developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Badal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - William Aiken
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Belinda Morrison
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Henkel Valentine
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sophia Bryan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Andrew Gachi
- Department of pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, 3 Avenue, Parklands, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Camille Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have an essential functional role in local tumour progression, metastatic spread and the emergence of drug resistance in bladder, kidney and prostate cancer. Thus, EVs could be diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for these malignancies. Virtually all biomolecules (including DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, proteins and lipids) packaged into EVs have been tested as biomarkers in blood and urine samples. The results are very heterogeneous, but promising biomarker candidates have been identified. Differing methods of EV isolation, characterization and analysis of their content have been used owing to a lack of international consensus; hence, comparing study results is challenging. Furthermore, validation of potential biomarkers in independent cohorts or prospective trials has rarely been performed. Future efforts to establish EV-derived biomarkers need to adequately address these points. In addition, emerging technologies such as mass spectroscopy and chip-based approaches can identify surface markers specific for cancer-associated EVs and will enable specific separation from blood and urine EVs, which probably will improve their performance as biomarkers. Moreover, EVs could be harnessed as therapeutic drug delivery vehicles for precise and effective anticancer therapy.
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46
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van Dessel LF, van Riet J, Smits M, Zhu Y, Hamberg P, van der Heijden MS, Bergman AM, van Oort IM, de Wit R, Voest EE, Steeghs N, Yamaguchi TN, Livingstone J, Boutros PC, Martens JWM, Sleijfer S, Cuppen E, Zwart W, van de Werken HJG, Mehra N, Lolkema MP. The genomic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers reveals multiple distinct genotypes with potential clinical impact. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5251. [PMID: 31748536 PMCID: PMC6868175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a highly complex genomic landscape. With the recent development of novel treatments, accurate stratification strategies are needed. Here we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of fresh-frozen metastatic biopsies from 197 mCRPC patients. Using unsupervised clustering based on genomic features, we define eight distinct genomic clusters. We observe potentially clinically relevant genotypes, including microsatellite instability (MSI), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) enriched with genomic deletions and BRCA2 aberrations, a tandem duplication genotype associated with CDK12-/- and a chromothripsis-enriched subgroup. Our data suggests that stratification on WGS characteristics may improve identification of MSI, CDK12-/- and HRD patients. From WGS and ChIP-seq data, we show the potential relevance of recurrent alterations in non-coding regions identified with WGS and highlight the central role of AR signaling in tumor progression. These data underline the potential value of using WGS to accurately stratify mCRPC patients into clinically actionable subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne F van Dessel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minke Smits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Division on Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Hamberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division on Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M van Oort
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division on Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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The Δ133p53β isoform promotes an immunosuppressive environment leading to aggressive prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:631. [PMID: 31431617 PMCID: PMC6702175 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, for which there are no reliable biomarkers or targeted therapies. Here we demonstrate that elevated levels of Δ133TP53β isoform characterize prostate cancers with immune cell infiltration, particularly T cells and CD163+ macrophages. These cancers are associated with shorter progression-free survival, Gleason scores ≥ 7, and an immunosuppressive environment defined by a higher proportion of PD-1, PD-L1 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) positive cells. Consistent with this, RNA-seq of tumours showed enrichment for pathways associated with immune signalling and cell migration. We further show a role for hypoxia and wild-type p53 in upregulating Δ133TP53 levels. Finally, AUC analysis showed that Δ133TP53β expression level alone predicted aggressive disease with 88% accuracy. Our data identify Δ133TP53β as a highly accurate prognostic factor for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Taghizadeh H, Marhold M, Tomasich E, Udovica S, Merchant A, Krainer M. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in mCRPC - rationales, challenges and perspectives. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1644109. [PMID: 31646092 PMCID: PMC6791446 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1644109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of immune-therapeutics in cancer treatment has proven to be promising in various malignant diseases. However, in castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) major Phase III trials have been unexpectedly disappointing. To contribute to a broader understanding of the role and use of immune-therapeutics in mCRPC, we conducted a systematic review. We searched the websites ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed and ASCO Meeting Library for clinical trials employing immune checkpoint inhibitors in mCRPC. This article not only describes the rationale of individual trials, but it also summarizes the current status of the field and sheds light on strategies for future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Taghizadeh
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Marhold
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E. Tomasich
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Udovica
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Merchant
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Krainer
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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49
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Association of imputed prostate cancer transcriptome with disease risk reveals novel mechanisms. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3107. [PMID: 31308362 PMCID: PMC6629701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we train cis-regulatory models of prostate tissue gene expression and impute expression transcriptome-wide for 233,955 European ancestry men (14,616 prostate cancer (PrCa) cases, 219,339 controls) from two large cohorts. Among 12,014 genes evaluated in the UK Biobank, we identify 38 associated with PrCa, many replicating in the Kaiser Permanente RPGEH. We report the association of elevated TMPRSS2 expression with increased PrCa risk (independent of a previously-reported risk variant) and with increased tumoral expression of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-oncogene in The Cancer Genome Atlas, suggesting a novel germline-somatic interaction mechanism. Three novel genes, HOXA4, KLK1, and TIMM23, additionally replicate in the RPGEH cohort. Furthermore, 4 genes, MSMB, NCOA4, PCAT1, and PPP1R14A, are associated with PrCa in a trans-ethnic meta-analysis (N = 9117). Many genes exhibit evidence for allele-specific transcriptional activation by PrCa master-regulators (including androgen receptor) in Position Weight Matrix, Chip-Seq, and Hi-C experimental data, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for the associated genes.
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50
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Bhagirath D, Yang TL, Tabatabai ZL, Shahryari V, Majid S, Dahiya R, Tanaka Y, Saini S. Role of a novel race-related tumor suppressor microRNA located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p21 in prostate cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:633-642. [PMID: 30874288 PMCID: PMC7331454 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate cancer (PCa) genome is characterized by deletions of chromosome 8p21-22 region that increase significantly with tumor grade and are associated with poor prognosis. We proposed and validated a novel, paradigm-shifting hypothesis that this region is associated with a set of microRNA genes-miR-3622, miR-3622b, miR-383-that are lost in PCa and play important mechanistic roles in PCa progression and metastasis. Extending our hypothesis, in this study, we evaluated the role of a microRNA gene located in chromosome 8p-miR-4288-by employing clinical samples and cell lines. Our data suggests that (i) miR-4288 is widely downregulated in primary prostate tumors and cell lines; (ii) miR-4288 expression is lost in metastatic castration-resistant PCa; (ii) miR-4288 downregulation is race-related PCa alteration that is prevalent in Caucasian patients and not in African Americans; (iii) in Caucasians, miR-4288 was found to be associated with increasing tumor grade and high serum prostate-specific antigen, suggesting that miR-4288 downregulation/loss may be associated with tumor progression specifically in Caucasians; (iv) miR-4288 possess significant potential as a molecular biomarker to predict aggressiveness/metastasis; and (v) miR-4288 is anti-proliferative, is anti-invasive and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (vi) miR-4288 directly represses expression of metastasis/invasion-associated genes MMP16 and ROCK1. Thus, the present study demonstrates a tumor suppressor role for a novel miRNA located with a frequently lost region in PCa, strengthening our hypothesis that this locus is causally related to PCa disease progression via loss of microRNA genes. Our study suggests that miR-4288 may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target, particularly in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhagirath
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thao Ly Yang
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahana Majid
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharanjot Saini
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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