1
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La Torre M, Burla R, Saggio I. Preserving Genome Integrity: Unveiling the Roles of ESCRT Machinery. Cells 2024; 13:1307. [PMID: 39120335 PMCID: PMC11311930 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is composed of an articulated architecture of proteins that assemble at multiple cellular sites. The ESCRT machinery is involved in pathways that are pivotal for the physiology of the cell, including vesicle transport, cell division, and membrane repair. The subunits of the ESCRT I complex are mainly responsible for anchoring the machinery to the action site. The ESCRT II subunits function to bridge and recruit the ESCRT III subunits. The latter are responsible for finalizing operations that, independently of the action site, involve the repair and fusion of membrane edges. In this review, we report on the data related to the activity of the ESCRT machinery at two sites: the nuclear membrane and the midbody and the bridge linking cells in the final stages of cytokinesis. In these contexts, the machinery plays a significant role for the protection of genome integrity by contributing to the control of the abscission checkpoint and to nuclear envelope reorganization and correlated resilience. Consistently, several studies show how the dysfunction of the ESCRT machinery causes genome damage and is a codriver of pathologies, such as laminopathies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia La Torre
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Romina Burla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.T.); (R.B.)
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2
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Darmasaputra GS, Geerlings CC, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Clevers H, Galli M. Binucleated human hepatocytes arise through late cytokinetic regression during endomitosis M phase. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202403020. [PMID: 38727809 PMCID: PMC11090133 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Binucleated polyploid cells are common in many animal tissues, where they arise by endomitosis, a non-canonical cell cycle in which cells enter M phase but do not undergo cytokinesis. Different steps of cytokinesis have been shown to be inhibited during endomitosis M phase in rodents, but it is currently unknown how human cells undergo endomitosis. In this study, we use fetal-derived human hepatocyte organoids (Hep-Orgs) to investigate how human hepatocytes initiate and execute endomitosis. We find that cells in endomitosis M phase have normal mitotic timings, but lose membrane anchorage to the midbody during cytokinesis, which is associated with the loss of four cortical anchoring proteins, RacGAP1, Anillin, SEPT9, and citron kinase (CIT-K). Moreover, reduction of WNT activity increases the percentage of binucleated cells in Hep-Orgs, an effect that is dependent on the atypical E2F proteins, E2F7 and E2F8. Together, we have elucidated how hepatocytes undergo endomitosis in human Hep-Orgs, providing new insights into the mechanisms of endomitosis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella S. Darmasaputra
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cindy C. Geerlings
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matilde Galli
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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3
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Park J, Kim J, Park H, Kim T, Lee S. ESCRT-III: a versatile membrane remodeling machinery and its implications in cellular processes and diseases. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:367-380. [PMID: 39070887 PMCID: PMC11275535 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2380294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an evolutionarily conserved cytosolic protein complex that plays a crucial role in membrane remodeling and scission events across eukaryotes. Initially discovered for its function in multivesicular body (MVB) formation, the ESCRT complex has since been implicated in a wide range of membrane-associated processes, including endocytosis, exocytosis, cytokinesis, and autophagy. Recent advances have elucidated the ESCRT assembly pathway and highlighted the distinct functions of the various ESCRT complexes and their associated partners. Among the ESCRT complexes, ESCRT-III stands out as a critical player in membrane remodeling, with its subunits assembled into higher-order multimers capable of bending and severing membranes. This review focuses on the ESCRT-III complex, exploring its diverse functions in cellular processes beyond MVB biogenesis. We delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling and highlight its emerging roles in processes such as viral budding, autophagosome closure, and cytokinetic abscission. We also discuss the implications of ESCRT-III dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. The versatile membrane remodeling capabilities of ESCRT-III across diverse cellular processes underscore its importance in maintaining proper cellular function. Furthermore, we highlight the promising potential of ESCRT-III as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases, offering insights into the treatments of the diseases and the technical applications in related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoon Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsun Park
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Knyazeva A, Li S, Corkery DP, Shankar K, Herzog LK, Zhang X, Singh B, Niggemeyer G, Grill D, Gilthorpe JD, Gaetani M, Carlson LA, Waldmann H, Wu YW. A chemical inhibitor of IST1-CHMP1B interaction impairs endosomal recycling and induces noncanonical LC3 lipidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317680121. [PMID: 38635626 PMCID: PMC11047075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317680121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery constitutes multisubunit protein complexes that play an essential role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. ESCRTs regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including cytokinetic abscission, cargo sorting into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), membrane repair, and autophagy. Given the versatile functionality of ESCRTs, and the intricate organizational structure of the ESCRT machinery, the targeted modulation of distinct ESCRT complexes is considerably challenging. This study presents a pseudonatural product targeting IST1-CHMP1B within the ESCRT-III complexes. The compound specifically disrupts the interaction between IST1 and CHMP1B, thereby inhibiting the formation of IST1-CHMP1B copolymers essential for normal-topology membrane scission events. While the compound has no impact on cytokinesis, MVB sorting, or biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, it rapidly inhibits transferrin receptor recycling in cells, resulting in the accumulation of transferrin in stalled sorting endosomes. Stalled endosomes become decorated by lipidated LC3, suggesting a link between noncanonical LC3 lipidation and inhibition of the IST1-CHMP1B complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale P. Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kasturika Shankar
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Laura K. Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birendra Singh
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Unit of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georg Niggemeyer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - David Grill
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Chemical Proteomics Core Facility, Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics Unit, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemical Proteomics, Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, 171 77Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Song C, Xie K, Chen H, Xu S, Mao H. Wheat ESCRT-III protein TaSAL1 regulates male gametophyte transmission and controls tillering and heading date. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2372-2384. [PMID: 38206130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Charged multivesicular protein 1 (CHMP1) is a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) complex that targets membrane localized signaling receptors to intralumenal vesicles in the multivesicular body of the endosome and eventually to the lysosome for degradation. Although CHMP1 plays roles in various plant growth and development processes, little is known about its function in wheat. In this study, we systematically analysed the members of the ESCRT-III complex in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and found that their orthologs were highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution. We identified CHMP1 homologous genes, TaSAL1s, and found that they were constitutively expressed in wheat tissues and essential for plant reproduction. Subcellular localization assays showed these proteins aggregated with and closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum when ectopically expressed in tobacco leaves. We also found these proteins were toxic and caused leaf death. A genetic and reciprocal cross analysis revealed that TaSAL1 leads to defects in male gametophyte biogenesis. Moreover, phenotypic and metabolomic analysis showed that TaSAL1 may regulate tillering and heading date through phytohormone pathways. Overall, our results highlight the role of CHMP1 in wheat, particularly in male gametophyte biogenesis, with implications for improving plant growth and developing new strategies for plant breeding and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaidi Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hailiang Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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6
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Advedissian T, Frémont S, Echard A. Cytokinetic abscission requires actin-dependent microtubule severing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1949. [PMID: 38431632 PMCID: PMC10908825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division is completed by the abscission of the intercellular bridge connecting the daughter cells. Abscission requires the polymerization of an ESCRT-III cone close to the midbody to both recruit the microtubule severing enzyme spastin and scission the plasma membrane. Here, we found that the microtubule and the membrane cuts are two separate events that are regulated differently. Using HeLa cells, we uncovered that the F-actin disassembling protein Cofilin-1 controls the disappearance of a transient pool of branched F-actin which is precisely assembled at the tip of the ESCRT-III cone shortly before the microtubule cut. Functionally, Cofilin-1 and Arp2/3-mediated branched F-actin favor abscission by promoting local severing of the microtubules but do not participate later in the membrane scission event. Mechanistically, we propose that branched F-actin functions as a physical barrier that limits ESCRT-III cone elongation and thereby favors stable spastin recruitment. Our work thus reveals that F-actin controls the timely and local disassembly of microtubules required for cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Advedissian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Frémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.
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7
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Clippinger AK, Naismith TV, Yoo W, Jansen S, Kast DJ, Hanson PI. IST1 regulates select recycling pathways. Traffic 2024; 25:e12921. [PMID: 37926552 PMCID: PMC11027954 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transports) are a modular set of protein complexes with membrane remodeling activities that include the formation and release of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) to generate multivesicular endosomes. While most of the 12 ESCRT-III proteins are known to play roles in ILV formation, IST1 has been associated with a wider range of endosomal remodeling events. Here, we extend previous studies of IST1 function in endosomal trafficking and confirm that IST1, along with its binding partner CHMP1B, contributes to scission of early endosomal carriers. Functionally, depleting IST1 impaired delivery of transferrin receptor from early/sorting endosomes to the endocytic recycling compartment and instead increased its rapid recycling to the plasma membrane via peripheral endosomes enriched in the clathrin adaptor AP-1. IST1 is also important for export of mannose 6-phosphate receptor from early/sorting endosomes. Examination of IST1 binding partners on endosomes revealed that IST1 interacts with the MIT domain-containing sorting nexin SNX15, a protein previously reported to regulate endosomal recycling. Our kinetic and spatial analyses establish that SNX15 and IST1 occupy a clathrin-containing subdomain on the endosomal perimeter distinct from those previously implicated in cargo retrieval or degradation. Using live-cell microscopy, we see that SNX15 and CHMP1B alternately recruit IST1 to this subdomain or the base of endosomal tubules. These findings indicate that IST1 contributes to a subset of recycling pathways from the early/sorting endosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Clippinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Teresa V Naismith
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wonjin Yoo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David J Kast
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Phyllis I Hanson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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8
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Paine EL, Skalicky JJ, Whitby FG, Mackay DR, Ullman KS, Hill CP, Sundquist WI. The Calpain-7 protease functions together with the ESCRT-III protein IST1 within the midbody to regulate the timing and completion of abscission. eLife 2023; 12:e84515. [PMID: 37772788 PMCID: PMC10586806 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. Filaments composed of ESCRT-III subunits constrict membranes of the intercellular bridge midbody to the abscission point. These filaments also bind and recruit cofactors whose activities help execute abscission and/or delay abscission timing in response to mitotic errors via the NoCut/Abscission checkpoint. We previously showed that the ESCRT-III subunit IST1 binds the cysteine protease Calpain-7 (CAPN7) and that CAPN7 is required for both efficient abscission and NoCut checkpoint maintenance (Wenzel et al., 2022). Here, we report biochemical and crystallographic studies showing that the tandem microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domains of CAPN7 bind simultaneously to two distinct IST1 MIT interaction motifs. Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for (1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, (2) efficient abscission, and (3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. CAPN7 proteolytic activity is also required for abscission and checkpoint maintenance. Hence, IST1 recruits CAPN7 to midbodies, where its proteolytic activity is required to regulate and complete abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Frank G Whitby
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Christopher P Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Kumar R, Francis V, Ioannou MS, Aguila A, Khan M, Banks E, Kulasekaran G, McPherson PS. DENND2B activates Rab35 at the intercellular bridge, regulating cytokinetic abscission and tetraploidy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112795. [PMID: 37454296 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis relies on membrane trafficking pathways regulated by Rabs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). During cytokinesis, the intercellular cytokinetic bridge (ICB) connecting daughter cells undergoes abscission, which requires actin depolymerization. Rab35 recruits MICAL1 to oxidize and depolymerize actin filaments. We show that DENND2B, a protein linked to cancer and congenital disorders, functions as a Rab35 GEF, recruiting and activating Rab35 at the ICB. DENND2B's N-terminal region also interacts with an active form of Rab35, suggesting that DENND2B is both a Rab35 GEF and effector. Knockdown of DENND2B delays abscission, leading to multinucleated cells and filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulation at the ICB, impairing recruitment of ESCRT-III at the abscission site. Additionally, F-actin accumulation triggers the formation of a chromatin bridge, activating the NoCut/abscission checkpoint, and DENND2B knockdown activates Aurora B kinase, a hallmark of checkpoint activation. Thus, our study identifies DENND2B as a crucial player in cytokinetic abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguila
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maleeha Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Shen W, Liu C, Hu Y, Ding Q, Feng J, Liu Z, Kong X. Spastin is required for human immunodeficiency virus-1 efficient replication through cooperation with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) protein. Virol Sin 2023:S1995-820X(23)00054-8. [PMID: 37172824 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) encodes simply 15 proteins and thus depends on multiple host cellular factors for virus reproduction. Spastin, a microtubule severing protein, is an identified HIV-1 dependency factor, but the mechanism regulating HIV-1 is unclear. Here, the study showed that knockdown of spastin inhibited the production of the intracellular HIV-1 Gag protein and new virions through enhancing Gag lysosomal degradation. Further investigation showed that increased sodium tolerance 1 (IST1), the subunit of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), could interact with the MIT domain of spastin to regulate the intracellular Gag production. In summary, spastin is required for HIV-1 replication, while spastin-IST1 interaction facilitates virus production by regulating HIV-1 Gag intracellular trafficking and degradation. Spastin may serve as new target for HIV-1 prophylactic and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Shen
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiabin Feng
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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11
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Price KL, Tharakan DM, Cooley L. Evolutionarily conserved midbody remodeling precedes ring canal formation during gametogenesis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:474-488.e5. [PMID: 36898376 PMCID: PMC10059090 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
How canonical cytokinesis is altered during germ cell division to produce stable intercellular bridges, called "ring canals," is poorly understood. Here, using time-lapse imaging in Drosophila, we observe that ring canal formation occurs through extensive remodeling of the germ cell midbody, a structure classically associated with its function in recruiting abscission-regulating proteins in complete cytokinesis. Germ cell midbody cores reorganize and join the midbody ring rather than being discarded, and this transition is accompanied by changes in centralspindlin dynamics. The midbody-to-ring canal transformation is conserved in the Drosophila male and female germlines and during mouse and Hydra spermatogenesis. In Drosophila, ring canal formation depends on Citron kinase function to stabilize the midbody, similar to its role during somatic cell cytokinesis. Our results provide important insights into the broader functions of incomplete cytokinesis events across biological systems, such as those observed during development and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Price
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dyuthi M Tharakan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lynn Cooley
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Rani B, Gupta DK, Johansson S, Kamranvar SA. Contribution of integrin adhesion to cytokinetic abscission and genomic integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1048717. [PMID: 36578785 PMCID: PMC9791049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that integrin-mediated adhesion contributes to the regulation of cell division at two key steps: the formation of the mitotic spindle at the mitotic entry and the final cytokinetic abscission at the mitotic exit. Failure in either of these processes will have a direct impact on the other in each round of the cell cycle and on the genomic integrity. This review aims to present how integrin signals are involved at these cell cycle stages under normal conditions and some safety mechanisms that may counteract the generation of aneuploid cells in cases of defective integrin signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Rani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepesh K. Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
| | - Siamak A. Kamranvar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Staffan Johansson, ; Siamak A. Kamranvar,
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13
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Andrade V, Echard A. Mechanics and regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046617. [PMID: 36506096 PMCID: PMC9730121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission leads to the physical cut of the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells and concludes cell division. In different animal cells, it is well established that the ESCRT-III machinery is responsible for the constriction and scission of the ICB. Here, we review the mechanical context of abscission. We first summarize the evidence that the ICB is initially under high tension and explain why, paradoxically, this can inhibit abscission in epithelial cells by impacting on ESCRT-III assembly. We next detail the different mechanisms that have been recently identified to release ICB tension and trigger abscission. Finally, we discuss whether traction-induced mechanical cell rupture could represent an ancient alternative mechanism of abscission and suggest future research avenues to further understand the role of mechanics in regulating abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Arnaud Echard,
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14
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Chen Y, Krishnan G, Parsi S, Pons M, Nikolaki V, Cao L, Xu Z, Gao FB. The enhanced association between mutant CHMP2B and spastin is a novel pathological link between frontotemporal dementia and hereditary spastic paraplegias. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:169. [PMID: 36414997 PMCID: PMC9682730 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 3-linked frontotemporal dementia (FTD3) is caused by a gain-of-function mutation in CHMP2B, resulting in the production of a truncated toxic protein, CHMP2BIntron5. Loss-of-function mutations in spastin are the most common genetic cause of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP). How these proteins might interact with each other to drive pathology remains to be explored. Here we found that spastin binds with greater affinity to CHMP2BIntron5 than to CHMP2BWT and colocalizes with CHMP2BIntron5 in p62-positive aggregates. In cultured cells expressing CHMP2BIntron5, spastin level in the cytoplasmic soluble fraction is decreased while insoluble spastin level is increased. These pathological features of spastin are validated in brain neurons of a mouse model of FTD3. Moreover, genetic knockdown of spastin enhances CHMP2BIntron5 toxicity in a Drosophila model of FTD3, indicating the functional significance of their association. Thus, our study reveals that the enhanced association between mutant CHMP2B and spastin represents a novel potential pathological link between FTD3 and HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Neurology, Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Rare Disease Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gopinath Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sepideh Parsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marine Pons
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Veroniki Nikolaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zuoshang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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15
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Journet A, Barette C, Aubry L, Soleilhac E, Fauvarque MO. Identification of chemicals breaking the USP8 interaction with its endocytic substrate CHMP1B. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:395-404. [PMID: 35995394 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 plays a major role in controlling the stability and intracellular trafficking of numerous cell surface proteins among which the EGF receptor that regulates cell growth and proliferation in many physio-pathological processes. The function of USP8 at the endocytic pathway level partly relies on binding to and deubiquitination of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) protein CHMP1B. In the aim of finding chemical inhibitors of the USP8::CHMP1B interaction, we performed a high-throughput screening campaign using an HTRF® assay to monitor the interaction directly in lysates of cells co-expressing both partners. The assay was carried out in an automated format to screen the academic Fr-PPIChem library (Bosc N et al., 2020), which includes 10,314 compounds dedicated to the targeting of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Eleven confirmed hits inhibited the USP8::CHMP1B interaction within a range of 30% to 70% inhibition at 50 µM, while they were inactive on a set of other PPI interfaces demonstrating the feasibility of specifically disrupting this particular interface. In parallel, we adapted this HTRF® assay to compare the USP8 interacting capacity of CHMP1B variants. As anticipated from earlier studies, a deletion of the MIM (Microtubule Interacting and Trafficking domain Interacting Motif) domain or mutation of two conserved leucine residues, L192 and L195, in this domain respectively abolished or strongly impeded the USP8::CHMP1B interaction. By contrast, a CHMP1B mutant that displays a highly decreased ubiquitination level following mutation of four lysine residues in arginine interacted at a similar level as the wild-type form with USP8. Therefore, conserved leucine residues within the MIT domain rather than its ubiquitinated status triggers CHMP1B substrate recognition by USP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Journet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Barette
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Aubry
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, BGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Wenzel DM, Mackay DR, Skalicky JJ, Paine EL, Miller MS, Ullman KS, Sundquist WI. Comprehensive analysis of the human ESCRT-III-MIT domain interactome reveals new cofactors for cytokinetic abscission. eLife 2022; 11:e77779. [PMID: 36107470 PMCID: PMC9477494 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 12 related human ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that constrict membranes and mediate fission, including during cytokinetic abscission. The C-terminal tails of polymerized ESCRT-III subunits also bind proteins that contain Microtubule-Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) domains. MIT domains can interact with ESCRT-III tails in many different ways to create a complex binding code that is used to recruit essential cofactors to sites of ESCRT activity. Here, we have comprehensively and quantitatively mapped the interactions between all known ESCRT-III tails and 19 recombinant human MIT domains. We measured 228 pairwise interactions, quantified 60 positive interactions, and discovered 18 previously unreported interactions. We also report the crystal structure of the SPASTIN MIT domain in complex with the IST1 C-terminal tail. Three MIT enzymes were studied in detail and shown to: (1) localize to cytokinetic midbody membrane bridges through interactions with their specific ESCRT-III binding partners (SPASTIN-IST1, KATNA1-CHMP3, and CAPN7-IST1), (2) function in abscission (SPASTIN, KATNA1, and CAPN7), and (3) function in the 'NoCut' abscission checkpoint (SPASTIN and CAPN7). Our studies define the human MIT-ESCRT-III interactome, identify new factors and activities required for cytokinetic abscission and its regulation, and provide a platform for analyzing ESCRT-III and MIT cofactor interactions in all ESCRT-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas R Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Jack J Skalicky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Katharine S Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUnited States
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17
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Zhu PP, Hung HF, Batchenkova N, Nixon-Abell J, Henderson J, Zheng P, Renvoisé B, Pang S, Xu CS, Saalfeld S, Funke J, Xie Y, Svara F, Hess HF, Blackstone C. Transverse endoplasmic reticulum expansion in hereditary spastic paraplegia corticospinal axons. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2779-2795. [PMID: 35348668 PMCID: PMC9402237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a large group of inherited neurologic disorders affecting the longest corticospinal axons (SPG1-86 plus others), with shared manifestations of lower extremity spasticity and gait impairment. Common autosomal dominant HSPs are caused by mutations in genes encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin (SPAST; SPG4), the membrane-bound GTPase atlastin-1 (ATL1; SPG3A) and the reticulon-like, microtubule-binding protein REEP1 (REEP1; SPG31). These proteins bind one another and function in shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Typically, mouse models of HSPs have mild, later onset phenotypes, possibly reflecting far shorter lengths of their corticospinal axons relative to humans. Here, we have generated a robust, double mutant mouse model of HSP in which atlastin-1 is genetically modified with a K80A knock-in (KI) missense change that abolishes its GTPase activity, whereas its binding partner Reep1 is knocked out. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice exhibit early onset and rapidly progressive declines in several motor function tests. Also, ER in mutant corticospinal axons dramatically expands transversely and periodically in a mutation dosage-dependent manner to create a ladder-like appearance, on the basis of reconstructions of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy datasets using machine learning-based auto-segmentation. In lockstep with changes in ER morphology, axonal mitochondria are fragmented and proportions of hypophosphorylated neurofilament H and M subunits are dramatically increased in Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- spinal cord. Co-occurrence of these findings links ER morphology changes to alterations in mitochondrial morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice represent an early onset rodent HSP model with robust behavioral and cellular readouts for testing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Zhu
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui-Fang Hung
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Natalia Batchenkova
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James Henderson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Renvoisé
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabian Svara
- ariadne.ai ag, CH-6033 Buchrain, Switzerland
- Research Center Caesar, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Messina G, Prozzillo Y, Monache FD, Santopietro MV, Dimitri P. Evolutionary conserved relocation of chromatin remodeling complexes to the mitotic apparatus. BMC Biol 2022; 20:172. [PMID: 35922843 PMCID: PMC9351137 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are multi-protein machines highly conserved across eukaryotic genomes. They control sliding and displacing of the nucleosomes, modulating histone-DNA interactions and making nucleosomal DNA more accessible to specific binding proteins during replication, transcription, and DNA repair, which are processes involved in cell division. The SRCAP and p400/Tip60 chromatin remodeling complexes in humans and the related Drosophila Tip60 complex belong to the evolutionary conserved INO80 family, whose main function is promoting the exchange of canonical histone H2A with the histone variant H2A in different eukaryotic species. Some subunits of these complexes were additionally shown to relocate to the mitotic apparatus and proposed to play direct roles in cell division in human cells. However, whether this phenomenon reflects a more general function of remodeling complex components and its evolutionary conservation remains unexplored. Results We have combined cell biology, reverse genetics, and biochemical approaches to study the subcellular distribution of a number of subunits belonging to the SRCAP and p400/Tip60 complexes and assess their involvement during cell division progression in HeLa cells. Interestingly, beyond their canonical chromatin localization, the subunits under investigation accumulate at different sites of the mitotic apparatus (centrosomes, spindle, and midbody), with their depletion yielding an array of aberrant outcomes of mitosis and cytokinesis, thus causing genomic instability. Importantly, this behavior was conserved by the Drosophila melanogaster orthologs tested, despite the evolutionary divergence between fly and humans has been estimated at approximately 780 million years ago. Conclusions Overall, our results support the existence of evolutionarily conserved diverse roles of chromatin remodeling complexes, whereby subunits of the SRCAP and p400/Tip60 complexes relocate from the interphase chromatin to the mitotic apparatus, playing moonlighting functions required for proper execution of cell division. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01365-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Messina
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Yuri Prozzillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Dimitri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Cada AK, Pavlin MR, Castillo JP, Tong AB, Larsen KP, Ren X, Yokom AL, Tsai FC, Shiah JV, Bassereau PM, Bustamante CJ, Hurley JH. Friction-driven membrane scission by the human ESCRT-III proteins CHMP1B and IST1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204536119. [PMID: 35858336 PMCID: PMC9303997 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204536119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system is an ancient and ubiquitous membrane scission machinery that catalyzes the budding and scission of membranes. ESCRT-mediated scission events, exemplified by those involved in the budding of HIV-1, are usually directed away from the cytosol ("reverse topology"), but they can also be directed toward the cytosol ("normal topology"). The ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and IST1 can coat and constrict positively curved membrane tubes, suggesting that these subunits could catalyze normal topology membrane severing. CHMP1B and IST1 bind and recruit the microtubule-severing AAA+ ATPase spastin, a close relative of VPS4, suggesting that spastin could have a VPS4-like role in normal-topology membrane scission. Here, we reconstituted the process in vitro using membrane nanotubes pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles using an optical trap in order to determine whether CHMP1B and IST1 are capable of membrane severing on their own or in concert with VPS4 or spastin. CHMP1B and IST1 copolymerize on membrane nanotubes, forming stable scaffolds that constrict the tubes, but do not, on their own, lead to scission. However, CHMP1B-IST1 scaffolded tubes were severed when an additional extensional force was applied, consistent with a friction-driven scission mechanism. We found that spastin colocalized with CHMP1B-enriched sites but did not disassemble the CHMP1B-IST1 coat from the membrane. VPS4 resolubilized CHMP1B and IST1 without leading to scission. These observations show that the CHMP1B-IST1 ESCRT-III combination is capable of severing membranes by a friction-driven mechanism that is independent of VPS4 and spastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. King Cada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mark R. Pavlin
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan P. Castillo
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alexander B. Tong
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin P. Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Adam L. Yokom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Jamie V. Shiah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Patricia M. Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences & Letters, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Carlos J. Bustamante
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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20
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Mo G, Li R, Swider Z, Leblanc J, Bement WM, Liu XJ. A localized calcium transient and polar body abscission. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2239-2254. [PMID: 35775922 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar body emission is a special form of cytokinesis in oocyte meiosis that ensures the correct number of chromosomes in reproduction-competent eggs. The molecular mechanism of the last step, polar body abscission, is poorly understood. While it has been proposed that Ca2+ signaling plays important roles in embryonic cytokinesis, to date transient increases in intracellular free Ca2+ have been difficult to document in oocyte meiosis except for the global Ca2+ wave induced by sperm at fertilization. Here, we find that microinjection of the calcium chelator dibromo-BAPTA inhibits polar body abscission in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Using a novel, microtubule-targeted ratio-metric calcium sensor, we detected a calcium transient that is focused at the contractile ring-associated plasma membrane and which occurred after anaphase and constriction of the contractile ring but prior to abscission. This calcium transient was confirmed by mobile calcium probes. Further, the Ca2+-sensitive protein kinase Cβ C2 domain transiently translocated to the contractile ring-associated membrane simultaneously with the calcium transient. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a calcium transient, apparently originating at the contractile ring-associated plasma membrane, promotes polar body abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Mo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Swider
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William M Bement
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - X Johné Liu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Varikoti RA, Fonseka HYY, Kelly MS, Javidi A, Damre M, Mullen S, Nugent JL, Gonzales CM, Stan G, Dima RI. Exploring the Effect of Mechanical Anisotropy of Protein Structures in the Unfoldase Mechanism of AAA+ Molecular Machines. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111849. [PMID: 35683705 PMCID: PMC9182431 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential cellular processes of microtubule disassembly and protein degradation, which span lengths from tens of μm to nm, are mediated by specialized molecular machines with similar hexameric structure and function. Our molecular simulations at atomistic and coarse-grained scales show that both the microtubule-severing protein spastin and the caseinolytic protease ClpY, accomplish spectacular unfolding of their diverse substrates, a microtubule lattice and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), by taking advantage of mechanical anisotropy in these proteins. Unfolding of wild-type DHFR requires disruption of mechanically strong β-sheet interfaces near each terminal, which yields branched pathways associated with unzipping along soft directions and shearing along strong directions. By contrast, unfolding of circular permutant DHFR variants involves single pathways due to softer mechanical interfaces near terminals, but translocation hindrance can arise from mechanical resistance of partially unfolded intermediates stabilized by β-sheets. For spastin, optimal severing action initiated by pulling on a tubulin subunit is achieved through specific orientation of the machine versus the substrate (microtubule lattice). Moreover, changes in the strength of the interactions between spastin and a microtubule filament, which can be driven by the tubulin code, lead to drastically different outcomes for the integrity of the hexameric structure of the machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Anand Varikoti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
| | - Hewafonsekage Yasan Y. Fonseka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
| | - Maria S. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
| | - Alex Javidi
- Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477, USA;
| | - Mangesh Damre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
| | - Sarah Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Jimmie L. Nugent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
| | | | - George Stan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.I.D.)
| | - Ruxandra I. Dima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (R.A.V.); (H.Y.Y.F.); (M.S.K.); (M.D.); (J.L.N.IV)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.I.D.)
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22
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The Abscission Checkpoint: A Guardian of Chromosomal Stability. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123350. [PMID: 34943860 PMCID: PMC8699595 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscission checkpoint contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation by delaying completion of cytokinesis (abscission) when there is chromatin lagging in the intercellular bridge between dividing cells. Although additional triggers of an abscission checkpoint-delay have been described, including nuclear pore defects, replication stress or high intercellular bridge tension, this review will focus only on chromatin bridges. In the presence of such abnormal chromosomal tethers in mammalian cells, the abscission checkpoint requires proper localization and optimal kinase activity of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC)-catalytic subunit Aurora B at the midbody and culminates in the inhibition of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-III (ESCRT-III) components at the abscission site to delay the final cut. Furthermore, cells with an active checkpoint stabilize the narrow cytoplasmic canal that connects the two daughter cells until the chromatin bridges are resolved. Unsuccessful resolution of chromatin bridges in checkpoint-deficient cells or in cells with unstable intercellular canals can lead to chromatin bridge breakage or tetraploidization by regression of the cleavage furrow. In turn, these outcomes can lead to accumulation of DNA damage, chromothripsis, generation of hypermutation clusters and chromosomal instability, which are associated with cancer formation or progression. Recently, many important questions regarding the mechanisms of the abscission checkpoint have been investigated, such as how the presence of chromatin bridges is signaled to the CPC, how Aurora B localization and kinase activity is regulated in late midbodies, the signaling pathways by which Aurora B implements the abscission delay, and how the actin cytoskeleton is remodeled to stabilize intercellular canals with DNA bridges. Here, we review recent progress toward understanding the mechanisms of the abscission checkpoint and its role in guarding genome integrity at the chromosome level, and consider its potential implications for cancer therapy.
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23
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Messina G, Prozzillo Y, Delle Monache F, Santopietro MV, Atterrato MT, Dimitri P. The ATPase SRCAP is associated with the mitotic apparatus, uncovering novel molecular aspects of Floating-Harbor syndrome. BMC Biol 2021; 19:184. [PMID: 34474679 PMCID: PMC8414691 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of human genetic diseases is known to be caused by mutations in genes encoding chromatin factors and epigenetic regulators, such as DNA or histone modifying enzymes and members of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Floating-Harbor syndrome is a rare genetic disease affecting human development caused by dominant truncating mutations in the SRCAP gene, which encodes the ATPase SRCAP, the core catalytic subunit of the homonymous chromatin-remodeling complex. The main function of the SRCAP complex is to promote the exchange of histone H2A with the H2A.Z variant. According to the canonical role played by the SRCAP protein in epigenetic regulation, the Floating-Harbor syndrome is thought to be a consequence of chromatin perturbations. However, additional potential physiological functions of SRCAP have not been sufficiently explored. Results We combined cell biology, reverse genetics, and biochemical approaches to study the subcellular localization of the SRCAP protein and assess its involvement in cell cycle progression in HeLa cells. Surprisingly, we found that SRCAP associates with components of the mitotic apparatus (centrosomes, spindle, midbody), interacts with a plethora of cytokinesis regulators, and positively regulates their recruitment to the midbody. Remarkably, SRCAP depletion perturbs both mitosis and cytokinesis. Similarly, DOM-A, the functional SRCAP orthologue in Drosophila melanogaster, is found at centrosomes and the midbody in Drosophila cells, and its depletion similarly affects both mitosis and cytokinesis. Conclusions Our findings provide first evidence suggesting that SRCAP plays previously undetected and evolutionarily conserved roles in cell division, independent of its functions in chromatin regulation. SRCAP may participate in two different steps of cell division: by ensuring proper chromosome segregation during mitosis and midbody function during cytokinesis. Moreover, our findings emphasize a surprising scenario whereby alterations in cell division produced by SRCAP mutations may contribute to the onset of Floating-Harbor syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01109-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Messina
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy. .,Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161, Roma, Italy.
| | - Yuri Prozzillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Delle Monache
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Santopietro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Atterrato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizio Dimitri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin" Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi, 70, Roma, Italy.
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24
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Gibieža P, Petrikaitė V. The dual functions of Rab11 and Rab35 GTPases-regulation of cell division and promotion of tumorigenicity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1861-1872. [PMID: 34094658 PMCID: PMC8167671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The broad studies of cancer have led researchers to the creditable understanding of biological and environmental factors that make benign cells to become malignant, as well as the developmental aspects of the tumour cells, known as the "hallmarks of cancer". However, additional research is needed to uncover the features of cancer biology, which would allow to design new and more effective treatment strategies for cancer patients. Since RabGTPases and their effectors are frequently altered in cancer, their role in a regulation of cell division leading to the acquisition of cancer cell-like phenotype has drawn a lot of attention from different research groups in recent years. Both, Rab11 and Rab35 belong to a superfamily of small monomeric GTPases that regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Lately, Rab11 and Rab35 were declared as oncogenic, and because of their association with abundant cellular functions, a linkage to the induction of cancer, has been proposed. Although the clear connection between the improper regulation of Rab11 or Rab35 and the initiation of tumorigenicity has only beginning to emerge, in this review we will discuss the newest findings regarding the participation of RabGTPases in a control of cell division and promotion of tumorigenesis, trying to link the actual function to the cancer causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Gibieža
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, LT-50162, Lithuania
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25
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Why Cells and Viruses Cannot Survive without an ESCRT. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030483. [PMID: 33668191 PMCID: PMC7995964 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular organelles enwrapped in membranes along with a complex network of vesicles trafficking in, out and inside the cellular environment are one of the main features of eukaryotic cells. Given their central role in cell life, compartmentalization and mechanisms allowing their maintenance despite continuous crosstalk among different organelles have been deeply investigated over the past years. Here, we review the multiple functions exerted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery in driving membrane remodeling and fission, as well as in repairing physiological and pathological membrane damages. In this way, ESCRT machinery enables different fundamental cellular processes, such as cell cytokinesis, biogenesis of organelles and vesicles, maintenance of nuclear–cytoplasmic compartmentalization, endolysosomal activity. Furthermore, we discuss some examples of how viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, have evolved to hijack the ESCRT machinery or part of it to execute/optimize their replication cycle/infection. A special emphasis is given to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) interaction with the ESCRT proteins, considering the peculiarities of this interplay and the need for HSV-1 to cross both the nuclear-cytoplasmic and the cytoplasmic-extracellular environment compartmentalization to egress from infected cells.
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26
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Rodger C, Flex E, Allison RJ, Sanchis-Juan A, Hasenahuer MA, Cecchetti S, French CE, Edgar JR, Carpentieri G, Ciolfi A, Pantaleoni F, Bruselles A, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Lees M, Krishnakumar D, McCann E, Yosifova D, Jarvis J, Kruer MC, Marks W, Campbell J, Allen LE, Gustincich S, Raymond FL, Tartaglia M, Reid E. De Novo VPS4A Mutations Cause Multisystem Disease with Abnormal Neurodevelopment. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1129-1148. [PMID: 33186545 PMCID: PMC7820634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for multiple membrane modeling and membrane-independent cellular processes. Here we describe six unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants affecting the ATPase domain of VPS4A, a critical enzyme regulating ESCRT function. Probands had structural brain abnormalities, severe neurodevelopmental delay, cataracts, growth impairment, and anemia. In cultured cells, overexpression of VPS4A mutants caused enlarged endosomal vacuoles resembling those induced by expression of known dominant-negative ATPase-defective forms of VPS4A. Proband-derived fibroblasts had enlarged endosomal structures with abnormal accumulation of the ESCRT protein IST1 on the limiting membrane. VPS4A function was also required for normal endosomal morphology and IST1 localization in iPSC-derived human neurons. Mutations affected other ESCRT-dependent cellular processes, including regulation of centrosome number, primary cilium morphology, nuclear membrane morphology, chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle formation, and cell cycle progression. We thus characterize a distinct multisystem disorder caused by mutations affecting VPS4A and demonstrate that its normal function is required for multiple human developmental and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rodger
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Rachel J Allison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marcia A Hasenahuer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Microscopy Area, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Courtney E French
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy; Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcon
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ester Siniscalchi
- Unit of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma McCann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
| | - Dragana Yosifova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joanna Jarvis
- Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | | | - Warren Marks
- Cook Children's Medical Centre, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Colchester Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Essex CO4 5JL, UK
| | - Louise E Allen
- Ophthalmology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefano Gustincich
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy.
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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27
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Horváth P, Müller-Reichert T. A Structural View on ESCRT-Mediated Abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586880. [PMID: 33240884 PMCID: PMC7680848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) mediates cellular processes that are related to membrane remodeling, such as multivesicular body (MVB) formation, viral budding and cytokinesis. Abscission is the final stage of cytokinesis that results in the physical separation of the newly formed two daughter cells. Although abscission has been investigated for decades, there are still fundamental open questions related to the spatio-temporal organization of the molecular machinery involved in this process. Reviewing knowledge obtained from in vitro as well as in vivo experiments, we give a brief overview on the role of ESCRT components in abscission mainly focussing on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Horváth
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Sakoe K, Shioda N, Matsuura T. A newly identified NES sequence present in spastin regulates its subcellular localization and microtubule severing activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118862. [PMID: 32979422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spastin, a microtubule-severing AAA ATPase, regulates microtubule dynamics and plays important roles in cell division and neurogenesis. Mutations in the spastin-coding gene SPAST lead to neurodegenerative disorders and cause spastic paraplegia type 4. Spastin has two main isoforms, M1 and M87, that differ only in the presence or absence of 86 N-terminal amino acids and have alternative splicing variants that lack exon4. The N-terminal region of M1 contains a hydrophobic domain, nuclear localization signal (NLS), and nuclear export signal (NES), which partly explains the differences in the two isoforms' localization. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating isoform localization, and the effects of localization on spastin functions are not fully understood. We found endogenous M1 and M87 shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm during the cell cycle. We identified a NES (amino acids 195-204) that spans the microtubule-interacting and endosomal-trafficking domain and exon4 region. Furthermore, the NES sequence contains both the coiled-coil and exon4 region of spastin isoforms. Highly conserved leucine 195 in exon3 and the two residues in exon4 are crucial for predicted coiled-coil formation. Mutations in NES or leptomycin B treatment reduced cytoplasmic localization and microtubule fragmentation in M87 rather than in M1. Phosphomimetic mutation of threonine 306 adjacent to the NLS (amino acids 309-312) inhibited nuclear transport of M87. Our results indicate that the newly identified NES in the spastin isoforms containing exon4 regulates the subcellular localization of spastin in coordination with NLS controlled by the phosphorylation state of spastin, and is involved in microtubule severing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Sakoe
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tohru Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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29
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Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) I, -II and -III, and their associated factors are a collection of ∼20 proteins in yeast and ∼30 in mammals, responsible for severing membrane necks in processes that range from multivesicular body formation, HIV release and cytokinesis, to plasma and lysosomal membrane repair. ESCRTs are best known for 'reverse-topology' membrane scission, where they act on the inner surface of membrane necks, often when membranes are budded away from the cytosol. These events are driven by membrane-associated assemblies of dozens to hundreds of ESCRT molecules. ESCRT-III proteins form filaments with a variety of geometries and ESCRT-I has now been shown to also form helical structures. The complex nature of the system and the unusual topology of its action has made progress challenging, and led to controversies with regard to its underlying mechanism. This Review will focus on recent advances obtained by structural in vitro reconstitution and in silico mechanistic studies, and places them in their biological context. The field is converging towards a consensus on the broad outlines of a mechanism that is driven by a progressive ATP-dependent treadmilling exchange of ESCRT subunits, as well as compositional change and geometric transitions in ESCRT filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Remec Pavlin
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James H Hurley
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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30
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Cuijpers SAG, Willemstein E, Ruppert JG, van Elsland DM, Earnshaw WC, Vertegaal ACO. Chromokinesin KIF4A teams up with stathmin 1 to regulate abscission in a SUMO-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs248591. [PMID: 32591481 PMCID: PMC7390632 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division ends when two daughter cells physically separate via abscission, the cleavage of the intercellular bridge. It is not clear how the anti-parallel microtubule bundles bridging daughter cells are severed. Here, we present a novel abscission mechanism. We identified chromokinesin KIF4A, which is adjacent to the midbody during cytokinesis, as being required for efficient abscission. KIF4A is regulated by post-translational modifications. We evaluated modification of KIF4A by the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO. We mapped lysine 460 in KIF4A as the SUMO acceptor site and employed CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to block SUMO conjugation of endogenous KIF4A. Failure to SUMOylate this site in KIF4A delayed cytokinesis. SUMOylation of KIF4A enhanced the affinity for the microtubule destabilizer stathmin 1 (STMN1). We here present a new level of abscission regulation through the dynamic interactions between KIF4A and STMN1 as controlled by SUMO modification of KIF4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A G Cuijpers
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Willemstein
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G Ruppert
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JR Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Daphne M van Elsland
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JR Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Connell JW, Allison RJ, Rodger CE, Pearson G, Zlamalova E, Reid E. ESCRT-III-associated proteins and spastin inhibit protrudin-dependent polarised membrane traffic. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2641-2658. [PMID: 31587092 PMCID: PMC7320071 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule severing ATPase spastin are the most frequent cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia, a genetic condition characterised by length-dependent axonal degeneration. Here, we show that HeLa cells lacking spastin and embryonic fibroblasts from a spastin knock-in mouse model become highly polarised and develop cellular protrusions. In HeLa cells, this phenotype was rescued by wild-type spastin, but not by forms unable to sever microtubules or interact with endosomal ESCRT-III proteins. Cells lacking the spastin-interacting ESCRT-III-associated proteins IST1 or CHMP1B also developed protrusions. The protrusion phenotype required protrudin, a RAB-interacting protein that interacts with spastin and localises to ER-endosome contact sites, where it promotes KIF5-dependent endosomal motility to protrusions. Consistent with this, the protrusion phenotype in cells lacking spastin also required KIF5. Lack or mutation of spastin resulted in functional consequences for receptor traffic of a pathway implicated in HSP, as Bone Morphogenetic Protein receptor distribution became polarised. Our results, therefore, identify a novel role for ESCRT-III proteins and spastin in regulating polarised membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Connell
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Alzheimer's Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel J Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Catherine E Rodger
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Guy Pearson
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eliska Zlamalova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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32
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Khoshaeen A, Najafi M, Mahdavi MR, Jalali H, Mahdavi M. A novel missense mutation (c.1006C>T) of SPG20 gene associated with Troyer syndrome. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-01210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Yang T, Li W, Li Y, Liu X, Yang D. The ESCRT System Plays an Important Role in the Germination in Candida albicans by Regulating the Expression of Hyphal-Specific Genes and the Localization of Polarity-Related Proteins. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:439-454. [PMID: 32279163 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen, and its pathogenicity is closely related to its ability to form hyphae. ESCRT system was initially discovered as a membrane-budding machinery involved in the formation of multivesicular bodies. More recently, the role of ESCRT is vastly expanded. Early reports showed that the ESCRT system is involved in inducing hyphae under neutral-alkaline environment via the Rim101 pathway. We previously found that in the environment that contains serum, one ESCRT protein, Vps4, is essential for polarity maintenance during hyphal formation, as its deletion causes the formation of multiple hyphae. In this study, we found that Vps4 is also essential for the proper localization of Cdc42 and Cdc3, which may be related to its role in polarity maintenance. We also discovered that deletions of the ESCRT proteins significantly delay germination and cause downregulation of hyphal-specific genes, most prominent of which is HGC1. Since Hgc1 is essential for many aspects of hyphal growth, its downregulation could explain our observed phenotypes. Our further studies show that ESCRT proteins are involved in the dynamics of Ras1. Deletions of VPS4 or SNF7 significantly decrease the recovery rate of GFP-Ras1 in the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiment. The decreased Ras1 dynamics may disrupt the signaling pathway and lead to downregulation of hyphal-specific genes. Therefore, in this study we discovered a novel and Rim101 independent mechanism used by the ESCRT system to regulate hyphal induction and polarity maintenance, which could provide insights on the pathogenicity mechanism of Candia albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Yang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi Li
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Yagisawa F, Fujiwara T, Takemura T, Kobayashi Y, Sumiya N, Miyagishima SY, Nakamura S, Imoto Y, Misumi O, Tanaka K, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T. ESCRT Machinery Mediates Cytokinetic Abscission in the Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:169. [PMID: 32346536 PMCID: PMC7169423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis proceeds in two successive steps: first, ingression of the cleavage furrow and second, abscission of the intercellular bridge. In animal cells, the actomyosin contractile ring is involved in the first step, while the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which participates in various membrane fusion/fission events, mediates the second step. Intriguingly, in archaea, ESCRT is involved in cytokinesis, raising the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in eukaryotic cytokinesis descended from the archaeal ancestor. In eukaryotes other than in animals, the roles of ESCRT in cytokinesis are poorly understood. To explore the primordial core mechanisms for eukaryotic cytokinesis, we investigated ESCRT functions in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae that diverged early in eukaryotic evolution. C. merolae provides an excellent experimental system. The cell has a simple organelle composition. The genome (16.5 Mb, 5335 genes) has been completely sequenced, transformation methods are established, and the cell cycle is synchronized by a light and dark cycle. Similar to animal and fungal cells, C. merolae cells divide by furrowing at the division site followed by abscission of the intercellular bridge. However, they lack an actomyosin contractile ring. The proteins that comprise ESCRT-I-IV, the four subcomplexes of ESCRT, are partially conserved in C. merolae. Immunofluorescence of native or tagged proteins localized the homologs of the five ESCRT-III components [charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) 1, 2, and 4-6], apoptosis-linked gene-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), the ESCRT-III adapter, and the main ESCRT-IV player vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) 4, to the intercellular bridge. In addition, ALIX was enriched around the cleavage furrow early in cytokinesis. When the ESCRT function was perturbed by expressing dominant-negative VPS4, cells with an elongated intercellular bridge accumulated-a phenotype resulting from abscission failure. Our results show that ESCRT mediates cytokinetic abscission in C. merolae. The fact that ESCRT plays a role in cytokinesis in archaea, animals, and early diverged alga C. merolae supports the hypothesis that the function of ESCRT in cytokinesis descended from archaea to a common ancestor of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Yagisawa
- Center for Research Advancement and Collaboration, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tokiaki Takemura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sumiya
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ya Miyagishima
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- JST-Mirai Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Soichi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Cell and Functional Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuuta Imoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Osami Misumi
- Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kan Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruko Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Science, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Nguyen HC, Talledge N, McCullough J, Sharma A, Moss FR, Iwasa JH, Vershinin MD, Sundquist WI, Frost A. Membrane constriction and thinning by sequential ESCRT-III polymerization. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:392-399. [PMID: 32251413 PMCID: PMC7343221 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) mediate diverse membrane remodeling events. These typically require ESCRT-III proteins to stabilize negatively curved membranes; however, recent work has indicated that certain ESCRT-IIIs also participate in positive-curvature membrane-shaping reactions. ESCRT-IIIs polymerize into membrane-binding filaments, but the structural basis for negative versus positive membrane remodeling by these proteins remains poorly understood. To learn how certain ESCRT-IIIs shape positively curved membranes, we determined structures of human membrane-bound CHMP1B-only, membrane-bound CHMP1B + IST1, and IST1-only filaments by cryo-EM. Our structures show how CHMP1B first polymerizes into a single-stranded helical filament, shaping membranes into moderate-curvature tubules. Subsequently, IST1 assembles a second strand on CHMP1B, further constricting the membrane tube and reducing its diameter nearly to the fission point. Each step of constriction thins the underlying bilayer, lowering the barrier to membrane fission. Our structures reveal how a two-component, sequential polymerization mechanism drives membrane tubulation, constriction and bilayer thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Talledge
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John McCullough
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Sharma
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Frank R Moss
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet H Iwasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael D Vershinin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003—CiM), University of Münster
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37
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Göser V, Kehl A, Röder J, Hensel M. Role of the ESCRT‐III complex in controlling integrity of the
Salmonella
‐containing vacuole. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13176. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Göser
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Alexander Kehl
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Institut für HygieneUniversität Münster Münster Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Jennifer Röder
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. MikrobiologieFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- CellNanOs, Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsFachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
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38
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Liu T, Li Y, Qiao B, Jiang Y, Ji N, Li Z. Disrupting the association of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Ac93 with cellular ESCRT-III/Vps4 hinders nuclear egress of nucleocapsids and intranuclear microvesicles formation. Virology 2020; 541:85-100. [PMID: 32056718 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway is required for efficient egress of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). In this study, we found that Ac93, a baculovirus core protein, contains a conserved MIM1-like motif. Alanine substitutions for six leucine residues in MIM1-like motif revealed that L142, L145, L146, and L149 are required for association of Ac93 with the MIT domain of Vps4. Mutations of these residues also blocked self-association and the association of Ac93 with ESCRT-III proteins or other viral core proteins Ac76 and Ac103, and resulted in a substantial reduction of infectious virus production, less efficient nuclear egress of progeny nucleocapsids, and the defect of intranuclear microvesicles formation. Combined with the localization of the association of Ac93 with ESCRT-III/Vps4 and other viral proteins at the nuclear membrane, we propose that the coordinated action of these viral proteins and ESCRT-III/Vps4 may be involved in remodeling the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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39
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Dima RI, Stan G. Computational Studies of Mechanical Remodeling of Substrate Proteins by AAA+ Biological Nanomachines. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1356.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra I. Dima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P. O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - George Stan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P. O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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40
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Allison R, Edgar JR, Reid E. Spastin MIT Domain Disease-Associated Mutations Disrupt Lysosomal Function. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1179. [PMID: 31787869 PMCID: PMC6856053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetic motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Mutations in SPAST, encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin, are the most common causes of HSP. The broad SPAST mutational spectrum indicates a haploinsufficiency pathogenic mechanism in most cases. Most missense mutations cluster in the ATPase domain, where they disrupt the protein's ability to sever microtubules. However, several putative missense mutations in the protein's microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain have also been described, but the pathogenicity of these mutations has not been verified with functional studies. Spastin promotes endosomal tubule fission, and defects in this lead to lysosomal enzyme mistrafficking and downstream lysosomal abnormalities. We investigated the function of three disease-associated spastin MIT mutants and found that none was able to promote normal endosomal tubule fission, lysosomal enzyme receptor trafficking, or lysosomal morphology. One of the mutations affected recruitment of spastin to endosomes, a property that requires the canonical function of the MIT domain in binding endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III proteins. However, the other mutants did not affect spastin's endosomal recruitment, raising the possibility of pathologically important non-canonical roles for the MIT domain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that spastin MIT mutants cause functional abnormalities related to the pathogenesis of HSP. These mutations do not directly affect spastin's microtubule-severing capacity, and so we identify a new molecular pathological mechanism by which spastin mutations may cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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41
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Abstract
Cellular membranes can form two principally different involutions, which either exclude or contain cytosol. The 'classical' budding reactions, such as those occurring during endocytosis or formation of exocytic vesicles, involve proteins that assemble on the cytosol-excluding face of the bud neck. Inverse membrane involution occurs in a wide range of cellular processes, supporting cytokinesis, endosome maturation, autophagy, membrane repair and many other processes. Such inverse membrane remodelling is mediated by a heteromultimeric protein machinery known as endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT proteins assemble on the cytosolic (or nucleoplasmic) face of the neck of the forming involution and cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to drive membrane scission or sealing. Here, we review similarities and differences of various ESCRT-dependent processes, with special emphasis on mechanisms of ESCRT recruitment.
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42
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Peterman E, Prekeris R. The postmitotic midbody: Regulating polarity, stemness, and proliferation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3903-3911. [PMID: 31690620 PMCID: PMC6891101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peterman and Prekeris review abscission and discuss the diverse roles for the postmitotic midbody in regulating polarity, tumorigenesis, and stemness. Abscission, the final stage of cell division, requires well-orchestrated changes in endocytic trafficking, microtubule severing, actin clearance, and the physical sealing of the daughter cell membranes. These processes are highly regulated, and any missteps in localized membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics often lead to a delay or a failure in cell division. The midbody, a microtubule-rich structure that forms during cytokinesis, is a key regulator of abscission and appears to function as a signaling platform coordinating cytoskeleton and endosomal dynamics during the terminal stages of cell division. It was long thought that immediately following abscission and the conclusion of cell division, the midbody is either released or rapidly degraded by one of the daughter cells. Recently, the midbody has gained prominence for exerting postmitotic functions. In this review, we detail the role of the midbody in orchestrating abscission, as well as discuss the relatively new field of postabscission midbody biology, particularly focusing on how it may act to regulate cell polarity and its potential to regulate cell tumorigenicity or stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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43
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Petsalaki E, Zachos G. Building bridges between chromosomes: novel insights into the abscission checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4291-4307. [PMID: 31302750 PMCID: PMC11105294 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of chromatin bridges, mammalian cells delay completion of cytokinesis (abscission) to prevent chromatin breakage or tetraploidization by regression of the cleavage furrow. This abscission delay is called "the abscission checkpoint" and is dependent on Aurora B kinase. Furthermore, cells stabilize the narrow cytoplasmic canal between the two daughter cells until the DNA bridges are resolved. Impaired abscission checkpoint signaling or unstable intercellular canals can lead to accumulation of DNA damage, aneuploidy, or generation of polyploid cells which are associated with tumourigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved have only recently started to emerge. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathways of the abscission checkpoint and describe newly identified triggers, Aurora B-regulators and effector proteins in abscission checkpoint signaling. We also describe mechanisms that control intercellular bridge stabilization, DNA bridge resolution, or abscission checkpoint silencing upon satisfaction, and discuss how abscission checkpoint proteins can be targeted to potentially improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsalaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Zachos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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44
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Nan H, Ichinose Y, Tanaka M, Koh K, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Mizukami H, Morimoto M, Hamada S, Ohtsuka T, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y. UBAP1 mutations cause juvenile-onset hereditary spastic paraplegias (SPG80) and impair UBAP1 targeting to endosomes. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1055-1065. [PMID: 31515522 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to find a new causative gene and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying a new type of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Patients with HSP were recruited from the Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium (JASPAC). Exome sequencing of genomic DNA from patients in four families was carried out, followed by Sanger sequencing of the UBAP1 gene. A mouse homolog of one UBAP1 frameshift mutation carried by one of the patients was created as a disease model. Functional properties of the UBAP1 wild type and UBAP1-mutant in mouse hippocampus neurons were examined. We identified three novel heterozygous loss of function mutations (c.425_426delAG, c.312delC, and c.535G>T) in the UBAP1 gene as the genetic cause of a new type of HSP (SPG80). All the patients presented identical clinical features of a pure type of juvenile-onset HSP. Functional studies on mouse hippocampal neurons revealed that the C-terminal deletion UBAP1-mutant of our disease model had lost its ability to bind ubiquitin in vitro. Overexpression of the UBAP1 wild type interacts directly with ubiquitin on enlarged endosomes, while the UBAP1-mutant cannot be recruited to endosome membranes. Our study demonstrated that mutations in the UBAP1 gene cause a new type of HSP and elucidated its pathogenesis. The full-length UBAP1 protein is involved in endosomal dynamics in neurons, while loss of UBAP1 function may perturb endosomal fusion and sorting of ubiquitinated cargos. These effects could be more prominent in neurons, thereby giving rise to the phenotype of a neurodegenerative disease such as HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Heisuke Mizukami
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama, 241-0811, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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45
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HIPK2 Phosphorylates the Microtubule-Severing Enzyme Spastin at S268 for Abscission. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070684. [PMID: 31284535 PMCID: PMC6678495 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the final step of cell division, mediating the physical separation of the two daughter cells. A key player in this process is the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin that localizes at the midbody where its activity is crucial to cut microtubules and culminate the cytokinesis. Recently, we demonstrated that HIPK2, a multifunctional kinase involved in several cellular pathways, contributes to abscission and prevents tetraploidization. Here, we show that HIPK2 binds and phosphorylates spastin at serine 268. During cytokinesis, the midbody-localized spastin is phosphorylated at S268 in HIPK2-proficient cells. In contrast, no spastin is detectable at the midbody in HIPK2-depleted cells. The non-phosphorylatable spastin-S268A mutant does not localize at the midbody and cannot rescue HIPK2-depleted cells from abscission defects. In contrast, the phosphomimetic spastin-S268D mutant localizes at the midbody and restores successful abscission in the HIPK2-depleted cells. These results show that spastin is a novel target of HIPK2 and that HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation of spastin contributes to its midbody localization for successful abscission.
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46
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Crystallization and Biophysical Approaches for Studying the Interactions Between the Vps4-MIT Domain and ESCRT-III Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31250302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9492-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The AAA ATPase Vps4 disassembles the ESCRT complex from the endosomal membrane. Vps4 contains an N-terminal MIT (microtubule interacting and transport) domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The MIT domain binds to MIMs (MIT-interacting motifs), which exist at the C-terminus of ESCRT-III proteins, with a dissociation constant in the micromolar range. Five MIMs have been identified by structural and biophysical methods to date, and the recognition motifs have been refined. Among biophysical approaches used to analyze protein interactions, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis is often suitable for weak interactions, and fluorescence-binding assay has an advantage in terms of sensitivity. We have introduced protein modification tags into the N-terminus of proteins with bacterial expression vectors for biotinylation and FlAsH (fluorescein arsenical hairpin binder) fluorescent labeling. Here, we describe how to purify the MIT domain of Vps4 and the MIMs of ESCRT-III proteins and how to conduct crystallography, SPR, and fluorescence-binding assays.
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Chang CL, Weigel AV, Ioannou MS, Pasolli HA, Xu CS, Peale DR, Shtengel G, Freeman M, Hess HF, Blackstone C, Lippincott-Schwartz J. Spastin tethers lipid droplets to peroxisomes and directs fatty acid trafficking through ESCRT-III. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2583-2599. [PMID: 31227594 PMCID: PMC6683741 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid storage organelles that transfer lipids to various organelles including peroxisomes. Here, we show that the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein M1 Spastin, a membrane-bound AAA ATPase found on LDs, coordinates fatty acid (FA) trafficking from LDs to peroxisomes through two interrelated mechanisms. First, M1 Spastin forms a tethering complex with peroxisomal ABCD1 to promote LD-peroxisome contact formation. Second, M1 Spastin recruits the membrane-shaping ESCRT-III proteins IST1 and CHMP1B to LDs via its MIT domain to facilitate LD-to-peroxisome FA trafficking, possibly through IST1- and CHMP1B-dependent modifications in LD membrane morphology. Furthermore, LD-to-peroxisome FA trafficking mediated by M1 Spastin is required to relieve LDs of lipid peroxidation. M1 Spastin's dual roles in tethering LDs to peroxisomes and in recruiting ESCRT-III components to LD-peroxisome contact sites for FA trafficking may underlie the pathogenesis of diseases associated with defective FA metabolism in LDs and peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lun Chang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Aubrey V Weigel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - David R Peale
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Gleb Shtengel
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Melanie Freeman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Harald F Hess
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Cupido T, Pisa R, Kelley ME, Kapoor TM. Designing a chemical inhibitor for the AAA protein spastin using active site mutations. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:444-452. [PMID: 30778202 PMCID: PMC6558985 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Spastin is a microtubule-severing AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) protein needed for cell division and intracellular vesicle transport. Currently, we lack chemical inhibitors to probe spastin function in such dynamic cellular processes. To design a chemical inhibitor of spastin, we tested selected heterocyclic scaffolds against wild-type protein and constructs with engineered mutations in the nucleotide-binding site that do not substantially disrupt ATPase activity. These data, along with computational docking, guided improvements in compound potency and selectivity and led to spastazoline, a pyrazolyl-pyrrolopyrimidine-based cell-permeable probe for spastin. These studies also identified spastazoline-resistance-conferring point mutations in spastin. Spastazoline, along with the matched inhibitor-sensitive and inhibitor-resistant cell lines we generated, were used in parallel experiments to dissect spastin-specific phenotypes in dividing cells. Together, our findings suggest how chemical probes for AAA proteins, along with inhibitor resistance-conferring mutations, can be designed and used to dissect dynamic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cupido
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rudolf Pisa
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD program in Chemical Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan E Kelley
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Boutry M, Morais S, Stevanin G. Update on the Genetics of Spastic Paraplegias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang K, Wloka C, Bi E. Non-muscle Myosin-II Is Required for the Generation of a Constriction Site for Subsequent Abscission. iScience 2019; 13:69-81. [PMID: 30825839 PMCID: PMC6396101 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown when, where, and how the site of abscission is generated during cytokinesis. Here, we show that the sites of constriction, i.e., the sites of future abscission, are initially formed at the ends of the intercellular bridge during early midbody stage, and that these sites are associated with the non-muscle myosin-IIB (not myosin-IIA), actin filaments, and septin 9 until abscission. The ESCRT-III component CHMP4B localizes to the midbody and "spreads" to the site of abscission only during late midbody stage. Strikingly, inhibition of myosin-II motor activity by a low dose of Blebbistatin completely abolishes the formation of the constriction sites, resulting in the localization of all the above-mentioned components to the midbody region. These data strongly suggest that a secondary actomyosin ring provides the primary driving force for the thinning of the intercellular bridge to allow ESCRT-mediated membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangji Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Carsten Wloka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA; Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AE Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA.
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