1
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Yang R, Pray B, Alinari L, Li PK, Cheng X. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Selective TBL1X Degraders. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1699-1707. [PMID: 39411529 PMCID: PMC11472461 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transducin β-like protein 1 X-linked (TBL1X) is an essential scaffold protein involved in multiple signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, where it protects β-catenin from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Recent studies, however, suggest that TBL1X might modulate Wnt-regulated genes independently of β-catenin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we developed selective TBL1X degraders against DLBCL using the Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) strategy as a proof-of-concept. Eight PROTACs showed strong cytotoxic activity. Interestingly, N-linked PROTACs exhibited minimal TBL1X degradation, while most O-linked PROTACs significantly reduced TBL1X levels, suggesting the crucial role of the linker attachment site in successful TBL1X degradation. Our mechanistic study revealed that TBL1X degradation induced by TD11 relied on the formation of the ternary complex and was dependent on the proteasome. The TBL1X degraders developed in this study could be a valuable chemical tool for investigating TBL1X-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Betsy Pray
- Division
of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division
of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Pui Kai Li
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Translational
Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Si Y, Ou H, Jin X, Gu M, Sheng S, Peng W, Yang D, Zhan X, Zhang L, Yu Q, Liu X, Liu Y. G protein pathway suppressor 2 suppresses aerobic glycolysis through RACK1-mediated HIF-1α degradation in breast cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:478-492. [PMID: 38942092 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) is a negative regulator of the G protein-MAPK pathway and a core subunit of the NCoR/SMRT transcriptional co-repressor complex. However, how its biological properties intersect with cellular metabolism in breast cancer (BC) development remains poorly elucidated. Here, we report that GPS2 is low expressed in BC tissues and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that GPS2 suppresses malignant progression of BC. Moreover, GPS2 suppresses aerobic glycolysis in BC cells. Mechanistically, GPS2 destabilizes HIF-1α to reduce the transcription of its downstream glycolytic regulators (PGK1, PGAM1, ENO1, PKM2, LDHA, PDK1, PDK2, and PDK4), and then suppresses cellular aerobic glycolysis. Notably, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is identified as a key ubiquitin ligase for GPS2 to promote HIF-1α degradation. GPS2 stabilizes the binding of HIF-1α to RACK1 by directly binding to RACK1, resulting in polyubiquitination and instability of HIF-1α. Amino acid residues 70-92 aa of the GPS2 N-terminus bind RACK1. A 23-amino-acid-long GPS2-derived peptide was developed based on this N-terminal region, which promotes the interaction of RACK1 with HIF-1α, downregulates HIF-1α expression and significantly suppresses BC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings indicate that GPS2 decreases the stability of HIF-1α, which in turn suppresses aerobic glycolysis and tumorigenesis in BC, suggesting that targeting HIF-1α degradation and treating with peptides may be a promising approach to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongling Ou
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manxiang Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Songran Sheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenkang Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Asmamaw MD, He A, Zhang LR, Liu HM, Gao Y. Histone deacetylase complexes: Structure, regulation and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189150. [PMID: 38971208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators, and transcriptional complexes with deacetylase function are among the epigenetic corepressor complexes in the nucleus that target the epigenome. HDAC-bearing corepressor complexes such as the Sin3 complex, NuRD complex, CoREST complex, and SMRT/NCoR complex are common in biological systems. These complexes activate the otherwise inactive HDACs in a solitary state. HDAC complexes play vital roles in the regulation of key biological processes such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. Moreover, deregulated HDAC complex function is implicated in human diseases including cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting HDAC complexes are being sought actively. Thus, illustration of the nature and composition of HDAC complexes is vital to understanding the molecular basis of their functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions, and for designing targeted therapies. This review presents key aspects of large multiprotein HDAC-bearing complexes including their structure, function, regulatory mechanisms, implication in disease development, and role in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Ang He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
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4
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Leydon AR, Downing B, Sanchez JS, Loll-Krippleber R, Belliveau NM, Rodriguez-Mias RA, Bauer A, Watson IJ, Bae L, Villén J, Brown GW, Nemhauser JL. A conserved function of corepressors is to nucleate assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587599. [PMID: 38617365 PMCID: PMC11014602 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The plant corepressor TPL is recruited to diverse chromatin contexts, yet its mechanism of repression remains unclear. Previously, we have leveraged the fact that TPL retains its function in a synthetic transcriptional circuit in the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to localize repressive function to two distinct domains. Here, we employed two unbiased whole genome approaches to map the physical and genetic interactions of TPL at a repressed locus. We identified SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 as necessary for repression with the SPT4 subunit acting as a bridge connecting TPL to SPT5 and SPT6. We also discovered the association of multiple additional constituents of the transcriptional preinitiation complex at TPL-repressed promoters, specifically those involved in early transcription initiation events. These findings were validated in yeast and plants through multiple assays, including a novel method to analyze conditional loss of function of essential genes in plants. Our findings support a model where TPL nucleates preassembly of the transcription activation machinery to facilitate rapid onset of transcription once repression is relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Downing
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Bauer
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | - Lena Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Grant W. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA
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5
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Bauer N, Balourdas DI, Schneider JR, Zhang X, Berger LM, Berger BT, Schwalm MP, Klopp NA, Siveke JT, Knapp S, Joerger AC. Development of Potent Dual BET/HDAC Inhibitors via Pharmacophore Merging and Structure-Guided Optimization. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:266-279. [PMID: 38291964 PMCID: PMC10878397 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are prime targets in cancer therapy. Recent research has particularly focused on the development of dual BET/HDAC inhibitors for hard-to-treat tumors, such as pancreatic cancer. Here, we developed a new series of potent dual BET/HDAC inhibitors by choosing starting scaffolds that enabled us to optimally merge the two functionalities into a single compound. Systematic structure-guided modification of both warheads then led to optimized binders that were superior in potency to both parent compounds, with the best molecules of this series binding to both BRD4 bromodomains as well as HDAC1/2 with EC50 values in the 100 nM range in cellular NanoBRET target engagement assays. For one of our lead molecules, we could also show the selective inhibition of HDAC1/2 over all other zinc-dependent HDACs. Importantly, this on-target activity translated into promising efficacy in pancreatic cancer and NUT midline carcinoma cells. Our lead molecules effectively blocked histone H3 deacetylation in pancreatic cancer cells and upregulated the tumor suppressor HEXIM1 and proapoptotic p57, both markers of BET inhibition. In addition, they have the potential to downregulate the oncogenic drivers of NUT midline carcinoma, as demonstrated for MYC and TP63 mRNA levels. Overall, this study expands the portfolio of available dual BET/class I HDAC inhibitors for future translational studies in different cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bauer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitrios-Ilias Balourdas
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Joel R. Schneider
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena M. Berger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Martin P. Schwalm
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- German
Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nick A. Klopp
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Bridge
Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center,
University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Division
of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research
Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- German
Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Joerger
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute
for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str.
15, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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6
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Patel AB, He Y, Radhakrishnan I. Histone acetylation and deacetylation - Mechanistic insights from structural biology. Gene 2024; 890:147798. [PMID: 37726026 PMCID: PMC11253779 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Histones are subject to a diverse array of post-translational modifications. Among them, lysine acetylation is not only the most pervasive and dynamic modification but also highly consequential for regulating gene transcription. Although enzymes responsible for the addition and removal of acetyl groups were discovered almost 30 years ago, high-resolution structures of the enzymes in the context of their native complexes are only now beginning to become available, thanks to revolutionary technologies in protein structure determination and prediction. Here, we will review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of acetylation and deacetylation engendered by chromatin-modifying complexes, compare and contrast shared features, and discuss some of the pressing questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash B Patel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ishwar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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7
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Bülbül EF, Robaa D, Sun P, Mahmoudi F, Melesina J, Zessin M, Schutkowski M, Sippl W. Application of Ligand- and Structure-Based Prediction Models for the Design of Alkylhydrazide-Based HDAC3 Inhibitors as Novel Anti-Cancer Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:968. [PMID: 37513880 PMCID: PMC10386743 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) represent promising epigenetic targets for several diseases including different cancer types. The HDAC inhibitors approved to date are pan-HDAC inhibitors and most show a poor selectivity profile, side effects, and in particular hydroxamic-acid-based inhibitors lack good pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, the development of isoform-selective non-hydroxamic acid HDAC inhibitors is a highly regarded field in medicinal chemistry. In this study, we analyzed different ligand-based and structure-based drug design techniques to predict the binding mode and inhibitory activity of recently developed alkylhydrazide HDAC inhibitors. Alkylhydrazides have recently attracted more attention as they have shown promising effects in various cancer cell lines. In this work, pharmacophore models and atom-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were generated and evaluated. The binding mode of the studied compounds was determined using molecular docking as well as molecular dynamics simulations and compared with known crystal structures. Calculated free energies of binding were also considered to generate QSAR models. The created models show a good explanation of in vitro data and were used to develop novel HDAC3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre F Bülbül
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fereshteh Mahmoudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthes Zessin
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mike Schutkowski
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Reichenbach J, Fraungruber P, Mayr D, Buschmann C, Kraus FBT, Topalov NE, Chelariu-Raicu A, Kolben T, Burges A, Mahner S, Kessler M, Jeschke U, Czogalla B, Trillsch F. Nuclear receptor co-repressor NCOR2 and its relation to GPER with prognostic impact in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04708-z. [PMID: 37131060 PMCID: PMC10374731 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The significance of the non-classical G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) as positive or negative prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients remains still controversial. Recent results indicate that an imbalance of both co-factors and co-repressors of nuclear receptors regulates ovarian carcinogenesis by altering the transcriptional activity through chromatin remodeling. The present study aims to investigate whether the expression of the nuclear co-repressor NCOR2 plays a role in GPER signaling which thereby could positively impact overall survival rates of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS NCOR2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 156 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tumor samples and correlated with GPER expression. The correlation and differences in clinical and histopathological variables as well as their effect on prognosis were analyzed by Spearman's correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test and Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS Histologic subtypes were associated with different NCOR2 expression patterns. More specifically, serous and mucinous EOC demonstrated a higher NCOR2 expression (P = 0.008). In addition, high nuclear NCOR2 expression correlated significantly with high GPER expression (cc = 0.245, P = 0.008). A combined evaluation of both high NCOR2 (IRS > 6) and high GPER (IRS > 8) expression revealed an association of a significantly improved overall survival (median OS 50.9 versus 105.1 months, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that nuclear co-repressors such as NCOR2 may influence the transcription of target genes in EOC such as GPER. Understanding the role of nuclear co-repressors on signaling pathways will allow a better understanding of the factors involved in prognosis and clinical outcome of EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Reichenbach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patricia Fraungruber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Buschmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian B T Kraus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Elisabeth Topalov
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anca Chelariu-Raicu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Trillsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Molinari S, Imbriano C, Moresi V, Renzini A, Belluti S, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Gigli G, Cedola A. Histone deacetylase functions and therapeutic implications for adult skeletal muscle metabolism. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1130183. [PMID: 37006625 PMCID: PMC10050567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1130183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptive organ that sustains continuous metabolic changes in response to different functional demands. Healthy skeletal muscle can adjust fuel utilization to the intensity of muscle activity, the availability of nutrients and the intrinsic characteristics of muscle fibers. This property is defined as metabolic flexibility. Importantly, impaired metabolic flexibility has been associated with, and likely contributes to the onset and progression of numerous pathologies, including sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies involving genetic and pharmacological manipulations of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in vitro and in vivo have elucidated their multiple functions in regulating adult skeletal muscle metabolism and adaptation. Here, we briefly review HDAC classification and skeletal muscle metabolism in physiological conditions and upon metabolic stimuli. We then discuss HDAC functions in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism at baseline and following exercise. Finally, we give an overview of the literature regarding the activity of HDACs in skeletal muscle aging and their potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molinari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Viviana Moresi,
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Zahid S, Ali Y, Rashid S. Structural-based design of HD-TAC7 PROteolysis TArgeting chimeras (PROTACs) candidate transformations to abrogate SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14566-14581. [PMID: 36841549 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for about 672 million infections and 6.85 million deaths worldwide. Upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, Histone deacetylases (HDACs) hyperactivate the pro-inflammatory response resulting in stimulation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A and cholesterol for viral entry. HDAC3 inhibition results in the anti-inflammatory activity and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may restrict COVID-19 progression. Here, we have designed 44 conformational ensembles of previously known HD-TAC7 by enumerating torsions of dihedral angles tested for their binding preferences against HDAC3. Through scrutinizing their placements at active site and binding affinities, three hits were isolated. Cereblon (CRBN) is a well-known E3 ligase that facilitates Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting. Three entities, including HDAC3-binding moiety (4-acetamido-N-(2-amino-4 fluorophenyl) benzamide), a 6-carbon linker, and CRBN binding ligand (pomalidomide) were assembled to design 4 PROTACs followed by energy minimization and docking against HDAC3 and CRBN, respectively. Subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy analyses corroborated similar binding trends and favorable energy values. Among all cases, Met88, GLu106, Pro352, Trp380 and Trp388 residues of CRBN, and Pro23, Arg28, Lys194, Phe199, Leu266, Thr299 and Ile346 residues of HDAC3 were engaged in PROTAC binding. Thus, conformational dynamics of both HDAC3 and CRBN moieties are essential for the placement of PROTAC, resulting in target degradation. Overall, the proposed bifunctional small molecules may effectively target HDAC3, stimulating innate immune response to restrict COVID-19 hyperinflammation. This study supports the basis for designing new PROTACs by limiting the conformational search space that may prove more efficient for targeting the protein of interest.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zahid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Sandonà M, Cavioli G, Renzini A, Cedola A, Gigli G, Coletti D, McKinsey TA, Moresi V, Saccone V. Histone Deacetylases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications for Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4306. [PMID: 36901738 PMCID: PMC10002075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that regulate the deacetylation of numerous histone and non-histone proteins, thereby affecting a wide range of cellular processes. Deregulation of HDAC expression or activity is often associated with several pathologies, suggesting potential for targeting these enzymes for therapeutic purposes. For example, HDAC expression and activity are higher in dystrophic skeletal muscles. General pharmacological blockade of HDACs, by means of pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), ameliorates both muscle histological abnormalities and function in preclinical studies. A phase II clinical trial of the pan-HDACi givinostat revealed partial histological improvement and functional recovery of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) muscles; results of an ongoing phase III clinical trial that is assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of givinostat in DMD patients are pending. Here we review the current knowledge about the HDAC functions in distinct cell types in skeletal muscle, identified by genetic and -omic approaches. We describe the signaling events that are affected by HDACs and contribute to muscular dystrophy pathogenesis by altering muscle regeneration and/or repair processes. Reviewing recent insights into HDAC cellular functions in dystrophic muscles provides new perspectives for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches based on drugs that target these critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Aging B2A, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00181 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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MeCP2 Is an Epigenetic Factor That Links DNA Methylation with Brain Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044218. [PMID: 36835623 PMCID: PMC9966807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications, is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes. Epigenetic mechanisms control cellular morphology and function. Such regulatory mechanisms involve histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, non-coding regulatory RNA molecules, and RNA modifications. One of the most well-studied epigenetic modifications is DNA methylation that plays key roles in development, health, and disease. Our brain is probably the most complex part of our body, with a high level of DNA methylation. A key protein that binds to different types of methylated DNA in the brain is the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 acts in a dose-dependent manner and its abnormally high or low expression level, deregulation, and/or genetic mutations lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and aberrant brain function. Recently, some of MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders have emerged as neurometabolic disorders, suggesting a role for MeCP2 in brain metabolism. Of note, MECP2 loss-of-function mutation in Rett Syndrome is reported to cause impairment of glucose and cholesterol metabolism in human patients and/or mouse models of disease. The purpose of this review is to outline the metabolic abnormalities in MeCP2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders that currently have no available cure. We aim to provide an updated overview into the role of metabolic defects associated with MeCP2-mediated cellular function for consideration of future therapeutic strategies.
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English J, Orofino J, Cederquist CT, Paul I, Li H, Auwerx J, Emili A, Belkina A, Cardamone D, Perissi V. GPS2-mediated regulation of the adipocyte secretome modulates adipose tissue remodeling at the onset of diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101682. [PMID: 36731652 PMCID: PMC9922684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunctional, unhealthy expansion of white adipose tissue due to excess dietary intake is a process at the root of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes development. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) regulating the early stages of adipose tissue expansion and adaptation to dietary stress due to an acute, high-fat diet (HFD) challenge, with a focus on the communication between adipocytes and other stromal cells. METHODS We profiled the early response to high-fat diet exposure in wildtype and adipocyte-specific GPS2-KO (GPS2-AKO) mice at the cellular, tissue and organismal level. A multi-pronged approach was employed to disentangle the complex cellular interactions dictating tissue remodeling, via single-cell RNA sequencing and FACS profiling of the stromal fraction, and semi-quantitative proteomics of the adipocyte-derived exosomal cargo after 5 weeks of HFD feeding. RESULTS Our results indicate that loss of GPS2 in mature adipocytes leads to impaired adaptation to the metabolic stress imposed by HFD feeding. GPS2-AKO mice are significantly more inflamed, insulin resistant, and obese, compared to the WT counterparts. At the cellular level, lack of GPS2 in adipocytes impacts upon other stromal populations, with both the eWAT and scWAT depots exhibiting changes in the immune and non-immune compartments that contribute to an increase in inflammatory and anti-adipogenic cell types. Our studies also revealed that adipocyte to stromal cell communication is facilitated by exosomes, and that transcriptional rewiring of the exosomal cargo is crucial for tissue remodeling. Loss of GPS2 results in increased expression of secreted factors promoting a TGFβ-driven fibrotic microenvironment favoring unhealthy tissue remodeling and expansion. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytes serve as an intercellular signaling hub, communicating with the stromal compartment via paracrine signaling. Our study highlights the importance of proper regulation of the 'secretome' released by energetically stressed adipocytes at the onset of obesity. Altered transcriptional regulation of factors secreted via adipocyte-derived exosomes (AdExos), in the absence of GPS2, contributes to the establishment of an anti-adipogenic, pro-fibrotic adipose tissue environment, and to hastened progression towards a metabolically dysfunctional phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Orofino
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carly T. Cederquist
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indranil Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dafne Cardamone
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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14
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Pray BA, Youssef Y, Alinari L. TBL1X: At the crossroads of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:18-25. [PMID: 36206873 PMCID: PMC9929687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the adaptor protein transducin β-like 1 (TBL1X) and its homolog TBL1XR1 have been shown to be upregulated in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and their overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Moreover, dysregulation of the TBL1 family of proteins has been implicated as a key component of oncogenic prosurvival signaling, cancer progression, and metastasis. Herein, we discuss how TBL1X and TBL1XR1 are required for the regulation of major transcriptional programs through the silencing mediator for tetanoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT)/nuclear receptor corepressor (NCOR)/ B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) complex, Wnt/β catenin, and NF-κB signaling. We outline the utilization of tegavivint (Iterion Therapeutics), a first-in-class small molecule targeting the N-terminus domain of TBL1, as a novel therapeutic strategy in preclinical models of cancer and clinically. Although most published work has focused on the transcriptional role of TBL1X, we recently showed that in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma subtype, genetic knockdown of TBL1X and treatment with tegavivint resulted in decreased expression of critical (onco)-proteins in a posttranscriptional/β-catenin-independent manner by promoting their proteasomal degradation through a Skp1/Cul1/F-box (SCF)/TBL1X supercomplex and potentially through the regulation of protein synthesis. However, given that TBL1X controls multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer, treatment with tegavivint may ultimately result in drug resistance, providing the rationale for combination strategies. Although many questions related to TBL1X function remain to be answered in lymphoma and other diseases, these data provide a growing body of evidence that TBL1X is a promising therapeutic target in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy A Pray
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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15
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Wang X, Rosikiewicz W, Sedkov Y, Mondal B, Martinez T, Kallappagoudar S, Tvardovskiy A, Bajpai R, Xu B, Pruett-Miller SM, Schneider R, Herz HM. The MLL3/4 complexes and MiDAC co-regulate H4K20ac to control a specific gene expression program. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201572. [PMID: 35820704 PMCID: PMC9275676 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic deacetylase complex MiDAC has recently been shown to play a vital physiological role in embryonic development and neurite outgrowth. However, how MiDAC functionally intersects with other chromatin-modifying regulators is poorly understood. Here, we describe a physical interaction between the histone H3K27 demethylase UTX, a complex-specific subunit of the enhancer-associated MLL3/4 complexes, and MiDAC. We demonstrate that UTX bridges the association of the MLL3/4 complexes and MiDAC by interacting with ELMSAN1, a scaffolding subunit of MiDAC. Our data suggest that MiDAC constitutes a negative genome-wide regulator of H4K20ac, an activity which is counteracted by the MLL3/4 complexes. MiDAC and the MLL3/4 complexes co-localize at many genomic regions, which are enriched for H4K20ac and the enhancer marks H3K4me1, H3K4me2, and H3K27ac. We find that MiDAC antagonizes the recruitment of UTX and MLL4 and negatively regulates H4K20ac, and to a lesser extent H3K4me2 and H3K27ac, resulting in transcriptional attenuation of associated genes. In summary, our findings provide a paradigm how the opposing roles of chromatin-modifying components, such as MiDAC and the MLL3/4 complexes, balance the transcriptional output of specific gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yurii Sedkov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Baisakhi Mondal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tanner Martinez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Satish Kallappagoudar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrey Tvardovskiy
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richa Bajpai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Herz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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16
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A single helix repression domain is functional across diverse eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206986119. [PMID: 36191192 PMCID: PMC9564828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206986119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) and its paralogs coordinately regulate a large number of genes critical to plant development and immunity. As in many members of the larger pan-eukaryotic Tup1/TLE/Groucho corepressor family, TPL contains a Lis1 Homology domain (LisH), whose function is not well understood. We have previously found that the LisH in TPL-and specifically the N-terminal 18 amino acid alpha-helical region (TPL-H1)-can act as an autonomous repression domain. We hypothesized that homologous domains across diverse LisH-containing proteins could share the same function. To test that hypothesis, we built a library of H1s that broadly sampled the sequence and evolutionary space of LisH domains, and tested their activity in a synthetic transcriptional repression assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this approach, we found that repression activity was highly conserved and likely the ancestral function of this motif. We also identified key residues that contribute to repressive function. We leveraged this new knowledge for two applications. First, we tested the role of mutations found in somatic cancers on repression function in two human LisH-containing proteins. Second, we validated function of many of our repression domains in plants, confirming that these sequences should be of use to synthetic biology applications across many eukaryotes.
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17
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Lee K, Whedon SD, Wang ZA, Cole PA. Distinct biochemical properties of the class I histone deacetylase complexes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102179. [PMID: 35803024 PMCID: PMC10786639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Classical histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that can hydrolytically cleave acetyl-Lys in histones and other proteins and serve as established drug targets in some forms of cancer. Class I HDACs 1-3 typically exist in a range of multiprotein complexes inside cells and show distinct biological functions in modulating gene expression. In recent years, it has become possible to purify and analyze the structure and enzymatic properties of several of these HDAC complexes, including CoREST, MiDAC, NuRD, Sin3, SMRT, MIER, and RERE. Here, we summarize what is experimentally established and/or computationally predicted about the structure of these complexes to describe their particular catalytic activities and site-specificities with modified nucleosome substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel D Whedon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhipeng A Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Milan KL, Jayasuriya R, Harithpriya K, Anuradha M, Sarada DVL, Siti Rahayu N, Ramkumar KM. Vitamin D resistant genes - promising therapeutic targets of chronic diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:7984-7998. [PMID: 35856462 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential vitamin indispensable for calcium and phosphate metabolism, and its deficiency has been implicated in several extra-skeletal pathologies, including cancer and chronic kidney disease. Synthesized endogenously in the layers of the skin by the action of UV-B radiation, the vitamin maintains the integrity of the bones, teeth, and muscles and is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and immunity. The deficiency of Vit-D is increasing at an alarming rate, with nearly 32% of children and adults being either deficient or having insufficient levels. This has been attributed to Vit-D resistant genes that cause a reduction in circulatory Vit-D levels through a set of signaling pathways. CYP24A1, SMRT, and SNAIL are three genes responsible for Vit-D resistance as their activity either lowers the circulatory levels of Vit-D or reduces its availability in target tissues. The hydroxylase CYP24A1 inactivates analogs and prohormonal and/or hormonal forms of calcitriol. Elevation of the expression of CYP24A1 is the major cause of exacerbation of several diseases. CYP24A1 is rate-limiting, and its induction has been correlated with increased prognosis of diseases, while loss of function mutations cause hypersensitivity to Vit-D. The silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) and its corepressor are involved in the transcriptional repression of VDR-target genes. SNAIL1 (SNAIL), SNAIL2 (Slug), and SNAIL3 (Smuc) are involved in transcriptional repression and binding to histone deacetylases and methyltransferases in addition to recruiting polycomb repressive complexes to the target gene promoters. An inverse relationship between the levels of calcitriol and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is reported. Studies have demonstrated a strong association between Vit-D deficiency and chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, etc. Vit-D resistant genes associated with the aforementioned chronic diseases could serve as potential therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the basic structures and mechanisms of the repression of Vit-D regulated genes and highlights the role of Vit-D resistant genes in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunnath Lakshmanan Milan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Harithpriya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Murugesan Anuradha
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dronamraju V L Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Role of Histone Deacetylases in T-Cell Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147828. [PMID: 35887172 PMCID: PMC9320103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes called “epigenetic erasers”. They remove the acetyl group from histones changing the condensation state of chromatin, leading to epigenetic modification of gene expression and various downstream effects. Eighteen HDACs have been identified and grouped into four classes. The role of HDACs in T-cells has been extensively studied, and it has been proven that many of them are important players in T-cell development and function. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the role of HDACs in the early stages of T-cell development but also in the functioning of mature lymphocytes on the periphery, including activation, cytokine production, and metabolism regulation.
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20
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Reduced NCOR2 expression accelerates androgen deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110109. [PMID: 34910907 PMCID: PMC8889623 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the roles of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) in prostate cancer (PC) progression in response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Reduced NCOR2 expression significantly associates with shorter disease-free survival in patients with PC receiving adjuvant ADT. Utilizing the CWR22 xenograft model, we demonstrate that stably reduced NCOR2 expression accelerates disease recurrence following ADT, associates with gene expression patterns that include neuroendocrine features, and induces DNA hypermethylation. Stably reduced NCOR2 expression in isogenic LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) and LNCaP-C4–2 (androgen-independent) cells revealed that NCOR2 reduction phenocopies the impact of androgen treatment and induces global DNA hypermethylation patterns. NCOR2 genomic binding is greatest in LNCaP-C4–2 cells and most clearly associates with forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor FOXA1 binding. NCOR2 binding significantly associates with transcriptional regulation most when in active enhancer regions. These studies reveal robust roles for NCOR2 in regulating the PC transcriptome and epigenome and underscore recent mutational studies linking NCOR2 loss of function to PC disease progression. Long et al. show that reduced levels of NCOR2 lead to accelerated prostate cancer recurrence during androgen withdrawal in a patient-derived xenograft model. NCOR2 reduction is characterized by incomplete response to androgen withdrawal, and recurrent tumors show increased neuroendocrine traits. These phenotypic changes are associated with hypermethylated enhancers.
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21
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Mendoza A, Tang C, Choi J, Acuña M, Logan M, Martin AG, Al-Sowaimel L, Desai BN, Tenen DE, Jacobs C, Lyubetskaya A, Fu Y, Liu H, Tsai L, Cohen DE, Forrest D, Wilson AA, Hollenberg AN. Thyroid hormone signaling promotes hepatic lipogenesis through the transcription factor ChREBP. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabh3839. [PMID: 34784250 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abh3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action is essential for hepatic lipid synthesis and oxidation. Analysis of hepatocyte-specific thyroid receptor β1 (TRβ1) knockout mice confirmed a role for TH in stimulating de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation through its nuclear receptor. Specifically, TRβ1 and its principal corepressor NCoR1 in hepatocytes repressed de novo lipogenesis, whereas the TH-mediated induction of lipogenic genes depended on the transcription factor ChREBP. Mice with a hepatocyte-specific deficiency in ChREBP lost TH-mediated stimulation of the lipogenic program, which, in turn, impaired the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. TH regulated ChREBP activation and recruitment to DNA, revealing a mechanism by which TH regulates specific signaling pathways. Regulation of the lipogenic pathway by TH through ChREBP was conserved in hepatocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These results demonstrate that TH signaling in the liver acts simultaneously to enhance both lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Mendoza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Catherine Tang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Maya Logan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adriana G Martin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lujain Al-Sowaimel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bhavna N Desai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle E Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Lyubetskaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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22
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Muzio G, Barrera G, Pizzimenti S. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Oxidative Stress in Physiological Conditions and in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111734. [PMID: 34829605 PMCID: PMC8614822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Originally described as “orphan nuclear receptors”, they can bind both natural and synthetic ligands acting as agonists or antagonists. In humans three subtypes, PPARα, β/δ, γ, are encoded by different genes, show tissue-specific expression patterns, and contribute to the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, of different cell functions, including proliferation, death, differentiation, and of processes, as inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response. The PPAR ability in increasing the expression of various antioxidant genes and decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, makes them be considered among the most important regulators of the cellular response to oxidative stress conditions. Based on the multiplicity of physiological effects, PPAR involvement in cancer development and progression has attracted great scientific interest with the aim to describe changes occurring in their expression in cancer cells, and to investigate the correlation with some characteristics of cancer phenotype, including increased proliferation, decreased susceptibility to apoptosis, malignancy degree and onset of resistance to anticancer drugs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of PPARs in physiological conditions, and on the reported beneficial effects of PPAR activation in cancer.
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23
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Soldi R, Halder TG, Sampson S, Vankayalapati H, Weston A, Thode T, Bhalla KN, Ng S, Rodriguez Del Villar R, Drenner K, Kaadige MR, Horrigan SK, Batra SK, Salgia R, Sharma S. The Small Molecule BC-2059 Inhibits Wingless/Integrated (Wnt)-Dependent Gene Transcription in Cancer through Disruption of the Transducin β-Like 1- β-Catenin Protein Complex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:77-86. [PMID: 34006586 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of β-catenin in the Wnt pathway makes it an attractive therapeutic target for cancers driven by aberrant Wnt signaling. We recently developed a small-molecule inhibitor, BC-2059, that promotes apoptosis by disrupting the β-catenin/transducin β-like 1 (TBL1) complex through an unknown mechanism of action. In this study, we show that BC-2059 directly interacts with high affinity for TBL1 when in complex with β-catenin. We identified two amino acids in a hydrophobic pocket of TBL1 that are required for binding with β-catenin, and computational modeling predicted that BC-2059 interacts at the same hydrophobic pocket. Although this pocket in TBL1 is involved in binding with NCoR/SMRT complex members G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GSP2) and SMRT and p65 NFκB subunit, BC-2059 failed to disrupt the interaction of TBL1 with either NCoR/SMRT or NFκB. Together, our results show that BC-2059 selectively targets TBL1/β-catenin protein complex, suggesting BC-2059 as a therapeutic for tumors with deregulated Wnt signaling pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study reports the mechanism of action of a novel Wnt pathway inhibitor, characterizing the selective disruption of the transducin β-like 1/β-catenin protein complex. As Wnt signaling is dysregulated across cancer types, this study suggests BC-2059 has the potential to benefit patients with tumors reliant on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Soldi
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Tithi Ghosh Halder
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Samuel Sampson
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Hariprasad Vankayalapati
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Alexis Weston
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Trason Thode
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Serina Ng
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Ryan Rodriguez Del Villar
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Kevin Drenner
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Mohan R Kaadige
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Stephen K Horrigan
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Applied Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona (R.S., T.G.H., S.S., A.W., T.T., R.R.d.V., K.D., M.R.K., S.S.); Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.V.); MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas (K.N.B.); Iterion Therapeutics, Inc., Houston, Texas (S.K.H.); College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (S.K.B.); City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California (R.S.)
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24
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Leydon AR, Wang W, Gala HP, Gilmour S, Juarez-Solis S, Zahler ML, Zemke JE, Zheng N, Nemhauser JL. Repression by the Arabidopsis TOPLESS corepressor requires association with the core mediator complex. eLife 2021; 10:66739. [PMID: 34075876 PMCID: PMC8203292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) is recruited to a large number of loci that are selectively induced in response to developmental or environmental cues, yet the mechanisms by which it inhibits expression in the absence of these stimuli are poorly understood. Previously, we had used the N-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana TPL to enable repression of a synthetic auxin response circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Here, we leveraged the yeast system to interrogate the relationship between TPL structure and function, specifically scanning for repression domains. We identified a potent repression domain in Helix 8 located within the CRA domain, which directly interacted with the Mediator middle module subunits Med21 and Med10. Interactions between TPL and Mediator were required to fully repress transcription in both yeast and plants. In contrast, we found that multimer formation, a conserved feature of many corepressors, had minimal influence on the repression strength of TPL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States
| | - Hardik P Gala
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Sabrina Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Mollye L Zahler
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joseph E Zemke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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25
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Lim CJ, Ali A, Park J, Shen M, Park KS, Baek D, Yun DJ. HOS15-PWR chromatin remodeling complex positively regulates cold stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1893978. [PMID: 33641608 PMCID: PMC8078502 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1893978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental constraint that restrains plant growth and productivity. To cope with cold stress, plants must be able to perceive a cold signal and regulate the expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes. In our recent study, we showed that Arabidopsis HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15) acts as a substrate receptor for CULLIN4-based ubiquitin E3 ligase complex to promote cold-induced histone deacetylase 2 C (HD2C) degradation that allows the activation of COR genes. Additionally, we found that POWERDRESS (PWR), a HOS15-interacting protein, is required for the association of HOS15 with COR gene chromatin and HD2C degradation. The HOS15/PWR complex interacts with and recruits CBF transcription factors to the promoters of COR genes. Collectively, our previous findings suggest that HOS15 and PWR function as positive regulators for the expression of COR genes, and promote cold tolerance. Accordingly, we herein discuss the role of PWR in cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Jin Lim
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhe Shen
- Division of Applied Life Science (Bk21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Suk Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (Bk21plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dea-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Interaction of NEP with G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 Facilitates Influenza A Virus Replication by Weakening the Inhibition of GPS2 to RNA Synthesis and Ribonucleoprotein Assembly. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00008-21. [PMID: 33658351 PMCID: PMC8139649 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00008-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export protein (NEP) serves multiple functions in the life cycle of influenza A virus (IAV). Identifying novel host proteins that interact with NEP and understanding their functions in IAV replication are of great interest. In this study, we screened and confirmed the direct interaction of G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) with NEP through a yeast two-hybrid screening assay and glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Knockdown or knockout of GPS2 enhanced IAV titers, whereas overexpression of GPS2 impaired IAV replication, demonstrating that GPS2 acted as a negative host factor in IAV replication. Meanwhile, GPS2 inhibited viral RNA synthesis by reducing the assembly of IAV polymerase. Interestingly, IAV NEP interacted with GPS2 and mediated its nuclear export, thereby activated the degradation of GPS2. Thus, NEP-GPS2 interaction weakened the inhibition of GPS2 to viral polymerase activity and benefited virus replication. Overall, this study identified the novel NEP-binding host partner GPS2 as a critical host factor to participate in IAV replication. These findings provided novel insights into the interactions between IAV and host cells, revealing a new function for GPS2 during IAV replication.Importance: NEP is proposed to play multiple biologically important roles in the life cycle of IAV, which largely relies on host factors by interaction. Our study demonstrated that GPS2 could reduce the interaction between PB1 and PB2 and interfere with vRNP assembly. Thus, GPS2 inhibited the RNA synthesis of IAV and negatively regulated its replication. Importantly, IAV NEP interacted with GPS2 and mediated the nuclear export of GPS2, thereby activated the degradation of GPS2. Thus, NEP-GPS2 interaction weakened the inhibition of GPS2 to viral polymerase activity and benefited virus replication.
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27
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Abstract
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of diseases related to metabolic abnormalities, which severely impairs the life and health of patients, and brings great pressure to the society and medical resources. Currently, there is no specific treatment. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have recently been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and are considered as new targets for the treatment of NAFLD.Area covered: In this review, we summarized the role of HDACs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and proposed possible therapeutic targets in order to provide new strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.Expert commentary: HDACs and related signal pathways are widely involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and have the potential to become therapeutic targets. However, based on current research alone, HDACs cannot be practical applied to the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, more research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the mechanism of HDACs is what we need most now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, HunanChina
| | - Meihong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, HunanChina
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, HunanChina
| | - Dengliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, HunanChina
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28
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Song Y, Dagil L, Fairall L, Robertson N, Wu M, Ragan TJ, Savva CG, Saleh A, Morone N, Kunze MBA, Jamieson AG, Cole PA, Hansen DF, Schwabe JWR. Mechanism of Crosstalk between the LSD1 Demethylase and HDAC1 Deacetylase in the CoREST Complex. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2699-2711.e8. [PMID: 32101746 PMCID: PMC7043024 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional corepressor complex CoREST is one of seven histone deacetylase complexes that regulate the genome through controlling chromatin acetylation. The CoREST complex is unique in containing both histone demethylase and deacetylase enzymes, LSD1 and HDAC1, held together by the RCOR1 scaffold protein. To date, it has been assumed that the enzymes function independently within the complex. Now, we report the assembly of the ternary complex. Using both structural and functional studies, we show that the activity of the two enzymes is closely coupled and that the complex can exist in at least two distinct states with different kinetics. Electron microscopy of the complex reveals a bi-lobed structure with LSD1 and HDAC1 enzymes at opposite ends of the complex. The structure of CoREST in complex with a nucleosome reveals a mode of chromatin engagement that contrasts with previous models. The activities of LSD1 and HDAC1 are closely coupled in the CoREST complex Both LSD1 and HDAC1 exist in two different kinetic states CoREST has a bi-lobed, flexible structure with the two enzymes located at opposite ends CoREST interacts with methylated nucleosomes via LSD1, but not HDAC1 or RCOR1
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Song
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Lisbeth Dagil
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Louise Fairall
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Naomi Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T J Ragan
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christos G Savva
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Almutasem Saleh
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Micha B A Kunze
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew G Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D Flemming Hansen
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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GPS2 promotes erythroid differentiation by control of the stability of EKLF protein. Blood 2021; 135:2302-2315. [PMID: 32384137 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex multistage process that involves differentiation of early erythroid progenitors to enucleated mature red blood cells, in which lineage-specific transcription factors play essential roles. Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF/KLF1) is a pleiotropic erythroid transcription factor that is required for the proper maturation of the erythroid cells, whose expression and activation are tightly controlled in a temporal and differentiation stage-specific manner. Here, we uncover a novel role of G-protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), a subunit of the nuclear receptor corepressor/silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor corepressor complex, in erythrocyte differentiation. Our study demonstrates that knockdown of GPS2 significantly suppresses erythroid differentiation of human CD34+ cells cultured in vitro and xenotransplanted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency/interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain null mice. Moreover, global deletion of GPS2 in mice causes impaired erythropoiesis in the fetal liver and leads to severe anemia. Flow cytometric analysis and Wright-Giemsa staining show a defective differentiation at late stages of erythropoiesis in Gps2-/- embryos. Mechanistically, GPS2 interacts with EKLF and prevents proteasome-mediated degradation of EKLF, thereby increasing EKLF stability and transcriptional activity. Moreover, we identify the amino acids 191-230 region in EKLF protein, responsible for GPS2 binding, that is highly conserved in mammals and essential for EKLF protein stability. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unknown role of GPS2 as a posttranslational regulator that enhances the stability of EKLF protein and thereby promotes erythroid differentiation.
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30
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Farcas AM, Nagarajan S, Cosulich S, Carroll JS. Genome-Wide Estrogen Receptor Activity in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqaa224. [PMID: 33284960 PMCID: PMC7787425 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The largest subtype of breast cancer is characterized by the expression and activity of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha/ER). Although several effective therapies have significantly improved survival, the adaptability of cancer cells means that patients frequently stop responding or develop resistance to endocrine treatment. ER does not function in isolation and multiple associating factors have been reported to play a role in regulating the estrogen-driven transcriptional program. This review focuses on the dynamic interplay between some of these factors which co-occupy ER-bound regulatory elements, their contribution to estrogen signaling, and their possible therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the review illustrates how some ER association partners can influence and reprogram the genomic distribution of the estrogen receptor. As this dynamic ER activity enables cancer cell adaptability and impacts the clinical outcome, defining how this plasticity is determined is fundamental to our understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca M Farcas
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sankari Nagarajan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jason S Carroll
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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The corepressors GPS2 and SMRT control enhancer and silencer remodeling via eRNA transcription during inflammatory activation of macrophages. Mol Cell 2021; 81:953-968.e9. [PMID: 33503407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While the role of transcription factors and coactivators in controlling enhancer activity and chromatin structure linked to gene expression is well established, the involvement of corepressors is not. Using inflammatory macrophage activation as a model, we investigate here a corepressor complex containing GPS2 and SMRT both genome-wide and at the Ccl2 locus, encoding the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1). We report that corepressors co-occupy candidate enhancers along with the coactivators CBP (H3K27 acetylase) and MED1 (mediator) but act antagonistically by repressing eRNA transcription-coupled H3K27 acetylation. Genome editing, transcriptional interference, and cistrome analysis reveals that apparently related enhancer and silencer elements control Ccl2 transcription in opposite ways. 4C-seq indicates that corepressor depletion or inflammatory signaling functions mechanistically similarly to trigger enhancer activation. In ob/ob mice, adipose tissue macrophage-selective depletion of the Ccl2 enhancer-transcribed eRNA reduces metaflammation. Thus, the identified corepressor-eRNA-chemokine pathway operates in vivo and suggests therapeutic opportunities by targeting eRNAs in immuno-metabolic diseases.
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32
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Luo Y, Li H. Structure-Based Inhibitor Discovery of Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8828. [PMID: 33266366 PMCID: PMC7700698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for epigenetic therapies for a range of diseases such as cancers, inflammations, infections and neurological diseases. Although six HDAC inhibitors are now licensed for clinical treatments, they are all pan-inhibitors with little or no HDAC isoform selectivity, exhibiting undesirable side effects. A major issue with the currently available HDAC inhibitors is that they have limited specificity and target multiple deacetylases. Except for HDAC8, Class I HDACs (1, 2 and 3) are recruited to large multiprotein complexes to function. Therefore, there are rising needs to develop new, hopefully, therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors with isoform or complex selectivity. Here, upon the introduction of the structures of Class I HDACs and their complexes, we provide an up-to-date overview of the structure-based discovery of Class I HDAC inhibitors, including pan-, isoform-selective and complex-specific inhibitors, aiming to provide an insight into the discovery of additional HDAC inhibitors with greater selectivity, specificity and therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Wai Huan Dong lu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China;
| | - Huilin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Wai Huan Dong lu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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33
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Goodson ML, Knotts TA, Campbell EL, Snyder CA, Young BM, Privalsky ML. Specific ablation of the NCoR corepressor δ splice variant reveals alternative RNA splicing as a key regulator of hepatic metabolism. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241238. [PMID: 33104749 PMCID: PMC7588069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NCoR corepressor plays critical roles in mediating transcriptional repression by both nuclear receptors and non-receptor transcription factors. Alternative mRNA splicing of NCoR produces a series of variants with differing molecular and biological properties. The NCoRω splice-variant inhibits adipogenesis whereas the NCoRδ splice-variant promotes it, and mice bearing a splice-specific knockout of NCoRω display enhanced hepatic steatosis and overall weight gain on a high fat diet as well as a greatly increased resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance. We report here that the reciprocal NCoRδ splice-specific knock-out mice display the contrary phenotypes of reduced hepatic steatosis and reduced weight gain relative to the NCoRω-/- mice. The NCoRδ-/- mice also fail to demonstrate the strong resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance exhibited by the NCoRω-/- animals. The NCoR δ and ω variants possess both unique and shared transcriptional targets, with expression of certain hepatic genes affected in opposite directions in the two mutants, others altered in one but not the other genotype, and yet others changed in parallel in both NCoRδ-/- and NCoRω-/- animals versus WT. Gene set expression analysis (GSEA) identified a series of lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolic pathways that are likely to contribute to their distinct steatosis and glucose tolerance phenotypes. We conclude that alternative-splicing of the NCoR corepressor plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic energy storage and utilization, with the NCoRδ and NCoRω variants exerting both opposing and shared functions in many aspects of this phenomenon and in the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Trina A. Knotts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Microbiome & Host Response Core, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elsie L. Campbell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea A. Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Briana M. Young
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Nuclear receptor corepressors in intellectual disability and autism. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2220-2236. [PMID: 32034290 PMCID: PMC7842082 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions, such as impaired social interaction and language learning. Gene-environment interactions have a pivotal role in ASD pathogenesis. Nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs) are transcription co-regulators physically associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs) and many known players in ASD etiology such as transducin β-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 and methyl-CpG binding protein 2. The epigenome-modifying NCOR complex is sensitive to many ASD risk factors, including HDAC inhibitor valproic acid and a variety of endocrine factors, xenobiotic chemicals, or metabolites that can directly bind to multiple nuclear receptors. Here, we review recent studies of NCORs in neurocognition using animal models and human genetics approaches. We discuss functional interplays between NCORs and other known players in ASD etiology. It is conceivable that the NCOR complex may bridge the in utero environmental risk factors of ASD with epigenetic remodeling and can serve as a converging point for many gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of ASD and intellectual disability.
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35
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Lim CJ, Park J, Shen M, Park HJ, Cheong MS, Park KS, Baek D, Bae MJ, Ali A, Jan M, Lee SY, Lee BH, Kim WY, Pardo JM, Yun DJ. The Histone-Modifying Complex PWR/HOS15/HD2C Epigenetically Regulates Cold Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1097-1111. [PMID: 32732349 PMCID: PMC7536694 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a major environmental stress that severely affects plant growth and crop productivity. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE15 (HOS15) is a substrate receptor of the CULLIN4-based CLR4 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, which epigenetically regulates cold tolerance by degrading HISTONE DEACETYLASE2C (HD2C) to switch from repressive to permissive chromatin structure in response to cold stress. In this study, we characterized a HOS15-binding protein, POWERDRESS (PWR), and analyzed its function in the cold stress response. PWR loss-of-function plants (pwr) showed lower expression of cold-regulated (COR) genes and sensitivity to freezing. PWR interacts with HD2C through HOS15, and cold-induced HD2C degradation by HOS15 is diminished in the pwr mutant. The association of HOS15 and HD2C to promoters of cold-responsive COR genes was dependent on PWR. Consistent with these observations, the high acetylation levels of histone H3 by cold-induced and HOS15-mediated HD2C degradation were significantly reduced in pwr under cold stress. PWR also interacts with C-repeat element-binding factor transcription factors to modulate their cold-induced binding to the promoter of COR genes. Collectively, our data signify that the PWR-HOS15-HD2C histone-modifying complex regulates the expression of COR genes and the freezing tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Jin Lim
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhe Shen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Cheong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Suk Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahktar Ali
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Masood Jan
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Dea-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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36
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Li G, Tian Y, Zhu WG. The Roles of Histone Deacetylases and Their Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576946. [PMID: 33117804 PMCID: PMC7552186 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores, represent the basic units of chromatin. The fifth amino group (Nε) of histone lysine residues is a common site for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and of these, acetylation is the second most common. Histone acetylation is modulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), and is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Over the past two decades, numerous studies characterizing HDACs and HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have provided novel and exciting insights concerning their underlying biological mechanisms and potential anti-cancer treatments. In this review, we detail the diverse structures of HDACs and their underlying biological functions, including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein degradation, immunity and other several physiological processes. We also highlight potential avenues to use HDACi as novel, precision cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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37
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HDAC3 deacetylates the DNA mismatch repair factor MutSβ to stimulate triplet repeat expansions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23597-23605. [PMID: 32900932 PMCID: PMC7519323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013223117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions cause nearly 20 severe human neurological diseases which are currently untreatable. For some of these diseases, ongoing somatic expansions accelerate disease progression and may influence age of onset. This new knowledge emphasizes the importance of understanding the protein factors that drive expansions. Recent genetic evidence indicates that the mismatch repair factor MutSβ (Msh2-Msh3 complex) and the histone deacetylase HDAC3 function in the same pathway to drive triplet repeat expansions. Here we tested the hypothesis that HDAC3 deacetylates MutSβ and thereby activates it to drive expansions. The HDAC3-selective inhibitor RGFP966 was used to examine its biological and biochemical consequences in human tissue culture cells. HDAC3 inhibition efficiently suppresses repeat expansion without impeding canonical mismatch repair activity. Five key lysine residues in Msh3 are direct targets of HDAC3 deacetylation. In cells expressing Msh3 in which these lysine residues are mutated to arginine, the inhibitory effect of RGFP966 on expansions is largely bypassed, consistent with the direct deacetylation hypothesis. RGFP966 treatment does not alter MutSβ subunit abundance or complex formation but does partially control its subcellular localization. Deacetylation sites in Msh3 overlap a nuclear localization signal, and we show that localization of MutSβ is partially dependent on HDAC3 activity. Together, these results indicate that MutSβ is a key target of HDAC3 deacetylation and provide insights into an innovative regulatory mechanism for triplet repeat expansions. The results suggest expansion activity may be druggable and support HDAC3-selective inhibition as an attractive therapy in some triplet repeat expansion diseases.
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38
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Ritter MJ, Amano I, Hollenberg AN. Thyroid Hormone Signaling and the Liver. Hepatology 2020; 72:742-752. [PMID: 32343421 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis throughout life. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with TH playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Indeed, patients with hypothyroidism have abnormal lipid panels with higher levels of low-density lipoprotein levels, triglycerides (triacylglycerol; TAG), and apolipoprotein B levels. Even in euthyroid patients, lower serum-free thyroxine levels are associated with higher total cholesterol levels, LDL, and TAG levels. In addition to abnormal serum lipids, the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases with lower free thyroxine levels. As free thyroxine rises, the risk of NAFLD is reduced. This has led to numerous animal studies and clinical trials investigating TH analogs and TH receptor agonists as potential therapies for NAFLD and hyperlipidemia. Thus, TH plays an important role in maintaining hepatic homeostasis, and this continues to be an important area of study. A review of TH action and TH actions on the liver will be presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Ritter
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Izuki Amano
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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39
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Sun Z, Xu Y. Nuclear Receptor Coactivators (NCOAs) and Corepressors (NCORs) in the Brain. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5843759. [PMID: 32449767 PMCID: PMC7351129 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivators (NCOAs) and corepressors (NCORs) bind to nuclear hormone receptors in a ligand-dependent manner and mediate the transcriptional activation or repression of the downstream target genes in response to hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics, and drugs. NCOAs and NCORs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Studies using genetic animal models started to reveal pivotal roles of NCOAs/NCORs in the brain in regulating hormonal signaling, sexual behaviors, consummatory behaviors, exploratory and locomotor behaviors, moods, learning, and memory. Genetic variants of NCOAs or NCORs have begun to emerge from human patients with obesity, hormonal disruption, intellectual disability, or autism spectrum disorders. Here we review recent studies that shed light on the function of NCOAs and NCORs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Zheng Sun, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: ; or Yong Xu, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Zheng Sun, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: ; or Yong Xu, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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40
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Harvey S, Kumari P, Lapin D, Griebel T, Hickman R, Guo W, Zhang R, Parker JE, Beynon J, Denby K, Steinbrenner J. Downy Mildew effector HaRxL21 interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS to promote pathogen susceptibility. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008835. [PMID: 32785253 PMCID: PMC7446885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen causing Arabidopsis downy mildew. Effector proteins secreted from the pathogen into the plant play key roles in promoting infection by suppressing plant immunity and manipulating the host to the pathogen's advantage. One class of oomycete effectors share a conserved 'RxLR' motif critical for their translocation into the host cell. Here we characterize the interaction between an RxLR effector, HaRxL21 (RxL21), and the Arabidopsis transcriptional co-repressor Topless (TPL). We establish that RxL21 and TPL interact via an EAR motif at the C-terminus of the effector, mimicking the host plant mechanism for recruiting TPL to sites of transcriptional repression. We show that this motif, and hence interaction with TPL, is necessary for the virulence function of the effector. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RxL21 uses the interaction with TPL, and its close relative TPL-related 1, to repress plant immunity and enhance host susceptibility to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Harvey
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Institut für Phytopathologie, Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapin
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Griebel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Hickman
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Guo
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jim Beynon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Denby
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Venturutti L, Teater M, Zhai A, Chadburn A, Babiker L, Kim D, Béguelin W, Lee TC, Kim Y, Chin CR, Yewdell WT, Raught B, Phillip JM, Jiang Y, Staudt LM, Green MR, Chaudhuri J, Elemento O, Farinha P, Weng AP, Nissen MD, Steidl C, Morin RD, Scott DW, Privé GG, Melnick AM. TBL1XR1 Mutations Drive Extranodal Lymphoma by Inducing a Pro-tumorigenic Memory Fate. Cell 2020; 182:297-316.e27. [PMID: 32619424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The most aggressive B cell lymphomas frequently manifest extranodal distribution and carry somatic mutations in the poorly characterized gene TBL1XR1. Here, we show that TBL1XR1 mutations skew the humoral immune response toward generating abnormal immature memory B cells (MB), while impairing plasma cell differentiation. At the molecular level, TBL1XR1 mutants co-opt SMRT/HDAC3 repressor complexes toward binding the MB cell transcription factor (TF) BACH2 at the expense of the germinal center (GC) TF BCL6, leading to pre-memory transcriptional reprogramming and cell-fate bias. Upon antigen recall, TBL1XR1 mutant MB cells fail to differentiate into plasma cells and instead preferentially reenter new GC reactions, providing evidence for a cyclic reentry lymphomagenesis mechanism. Ultimately, TBL1XR1 alterations lead to a striking extranodal immunoblastic lymphoma phenotype that mimics the human disease. Both human and murine lymphomas feature expanded MB-like cell populations, consistent with a MB-cell origin and delineating an unforeseen pathway for malignant transformation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Venturutti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrew Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leena Babiker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daleum Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tak C Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Pedro Farinha
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew P Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Michael D Nissen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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42
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Turnbull RE, Fairall L, Saleh A, Kelsall E, Morris KL, Ragan TJ, Savva CG, Chandru A, Millard CJ, Makarova OV, Smith CJ, Roseman AM, Fry AM, Cowley SM, Schwabe JWR. The MiDAC histone deacetylase complex is essential for embryonic development and has a unique multivalent structure. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3252. [PMID: 32591534 PMCID: PMC7319964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MiDAC is one of seven distinct, large multi-protein complexes that recruit class I histone deacetylases to the genome to regulate gene expression. Despite implications of involvement in cell cycle regulation and in several cancers, surprisingly little is known about the function or structure of MiDAC. Here we show that MiDAC is important for chromosome alignment during mitosis in cancer cell lines. Mice lacking the MiDAC proteins, DNTTIP1 or MIDEAS, die with identical phenotypes during late embryogenesis due to perturbations in gene expression that result in heart malformation and haematopoietic failure. This suggests that MiDAC has an essential and unique function that cannot be compensated by other HDAC complexes. Consistent with this, the cryoEM structure of MiDAC reveals a unique and distinctive mode of assembly. Four copies of HDAC1 are positioned at the periphery with outward-facing active sites suggesting that the complex may target multiple nucleosomes implying a processive deacetylase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Turnbull
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Louise Fairall
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Almutasem Saleh
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Emma Kelsall
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- AstraZeneca, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Kyle L Morris
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - T J Ragan
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christos G Savva
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Aditya Chandru
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Christopher J Millard
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Olga V Makarova
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Corinne J Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alan M Roseman
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Shaun M Cowley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - John W R Schwabe
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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43
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Quan Y, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wu H, Ou J, Shen Y, Li K, Xun G, Zhao J, Hu Z, Xia K, Guo H. Genotype and Phenotype Correlations for TBL1XR1 in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:2085-2092. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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44
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Multiple mechanisms regulate H3 acetylation of enhancers in response to thyroid hormone. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008770. [PMID: 32453730 PMCID: PMC7274477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent activation of enhancers includes histone hyperacetylation and mediator recruitment. Histone hyperacetylation is mostly explained by a bimodal switch model, where histone deacetylases (HDACs) disassociate from chromatin, and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) are recruited. This model builds on decades of research on steroid receptor regulation of transcription. Yet, the general concept of the bimodal switch model has not been rigorously tested genome wide. We have used a genomics approach to study enhancer hyperacetylation by the thyroid hormone receptor (TR), described to operate as a bimodal switch. H3 acetylation, HAT and HDAC ChIP-seq analyses of livers from hypo- and hyperthyroid wildtype, TR deficient and NCOR1 disrupted mice reveal three types of thyroid hormone (T3)-regulated enhancers. One subset of enhancers is bound by HDAC3-NCOR1 in the absence of hormone and constitutively occupy TR and HATs irrespective of T3 levels, suggesting a poised enhancer state in absence of hormone. In presence of T3, HDAC3-NCOR1 dissociates from these enhancers leading to histone hyperacetylation, suggesting a histone acetylation rheostat function of HDACs at poised enhancers. Another subset of enhancers, not occupied by HDACs, is hyperacetylated in a T3-dependent manner, where TR is recruited to chromatin together with HATs. Lastly, a subset of enhancers, is not occupied directly by TR yet requires TR for histone hyperacetylation. This indirect enhancer activation involves co-association with TR bound enhancers within super-enhancers or topological associated domains. Collectively, this demonstrates various mechanisms controlling hormone-dependent transcription and adds significant details to the otherwise simple bimodal switch model. Thyroid hormone (T3) is a central regulator of growth, thermogenesis, heart rate and metabolism. In the liver T3 binds thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) controlling expression of genes involved in processes such as lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The molecular mechanisms controlling TR-dependent gene regulation are centred on a bimodal switch model. In the absence of T3 co-repressors bind TR reducing gene expression. When hormone binds TR, co-repressors dissociate, and co-activators are recruited inducing gene expression. This model predominates the current understanding of T3-regulated gene expression. However, only a few studies have tested this model by genome-wide approaches. We have quantified histone3 acetylation genome-wide in the liver of hypo- and hyperthyroid mice and identified gene regulatory regions regulated by T3. Probing TR and co-regulators at these regulatory regions, and analysing histone3 acetylation in mouse models for disrupted co-repressor and TR activity, reveal additional insights to the mechanisms regulating T3-dependent gene expression. We suggest a revision of the prevailing bimodal switch model which helps understanding T3-regulated gene expression in tissues such as liver. We hope that this study, together with future studies, will add new perspectives on nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation to reveal general principles.
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45
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Kang Z, Fan R. PPARα and NCOR/SMRT corepressor network in liver metabolic regulation. FASEB J 2020; 34:8796-8809. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000055rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research Qingyuan People's HospitalThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Qingyuan China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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46
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Singhal S, Pathak M, Agrawala PK, Ojha H. Design and in silico screening of aryl allyl mercaptan analogs as potential histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03517. [PMID: 32426531 PMCID: PMC7225394 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zn+2 HDACIs show promising anticancer activity. Allyl mercaptan (AM), a metastabilzed monomeric form of diallyl disulphide (DADS) shows better HDACI activity. The present work screens a dataset of aryl AM derivatives 1(a-g) for potential HDACI action viain silico models. DFT calculations predicted the geometrical parameters and frontier orbital calculations suggested better chemical reactivity. Negative chemical potential and NBO hyper conjugative interactions predicted their chemical stability. ADME study confirmed favourable drug likeliness. Molecular docked models suggested the formation of coordinate bond between sulphur of allylmercaptan and Zn2+ cofactor of HDAC8. Besides, models also predicted the dominance of hydrophobic interactions. The aryl AM analogs docked perfectly with HDAC3 as well. The glide score and S-Zn distance of compounds 1a, 1f and 1g were found to be better than allylmercaptan. Therefore, the designed aryl AM analogs filtered as better HDACIs. These could be further used for design and synthesis of new improved HDACIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Singhal
- Synthetic Organic and Natural Products Laboratory, University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Paban K Agrawala
- Department of Radiation Genetics and Epigenetics,Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- CBRN Protection and Decontamination Research Group, Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) DRDO, Delhi, 110054, India
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47
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Tillotson R, Bird A. The Molecular Basis of MeCP2 Function in the Brain. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1602-1623. [PMID: 31629770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MeCP2 is a reader of the DNA methylome that occupies a large proportion of the genome due to its high abundance and the frequency of its target sites. It has been the subject of extensive study because of its link with 'MECP2-related disorders', of which Rett syndrome is the most prevalent. This review integrates evidence from patient mutation data with results of experimental studies using mouse models, cell lines and in vitro systems to critically evaluate our understanding of MeCP2 protein function. Recent evidence challenges the idea that MeCP2 is a multifunctional hub that integrates diverse processes to underpin neuronal function, suggesting instead that its primary role is to recruit the NCoR1/2 co-repressor complex to methylated sites in the genome, leading to dampening of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Tillotson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Medical Research Council (MRC) Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Adrian Bird
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, The Michael Swann Building, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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48
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D'Mello SR. Regulation of Central Nervous System Development by Class I Histone Deacetylases. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:149-165. [PMID: 31982872 PMCID: PMC7263453 DOI: 10.1159/000505535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is a highly complex process composed of several carefully regulated events starting from the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells and culminating with and refining of neural networks and synaptic transmission. Improper regulation of any of these neurodevelopmental events often results in severe brain dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications of chromatin play a key role in neurodevelopmental regulation. Among these modifications are histone acetylation and deacetylation, which control access of transcription factors to DNA, thereby regulating gene transcription. Histone deacetylation, which restricts access of transcription factor repressing gene transcription, involves the action of members of a family of 18 enzymes, the histone deacetylases (HDAC), which are subdivided in 4 subgroups. This review focuses on the Group 1 HDACs - HDAC 1, 2, 3, and 8. Although much of the evidence for HDAC involvement in neurodevelopment has come from the use of pharmacological inhibitors, because these agents are generally nonselective with regard to their effects on individual members of the HDAC family, this review is limited to evidence garnered from the use of molecular genetic approaches. Our review describes that Class I HDACs play essential roles in all phases of neurodevelopment. Modulation of the activity of individual HDACs could be an important therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA,
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49
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Histone deacetylases 1, 2 and 3 in nervous system development. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:74-81. [PMID: 31901696 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although histone acetylases (HDACS) were initially believed to render chromatin in a transcriptionally repressed state by deacetylating histones, it is now known that they both repress and activate transcription. Moreover, HDACs regulate the activity and/or function of a large number of other cellular proteins localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Accumulating evidence indicates that HDACs also play a key role in the development of the nervous system. This review focuses on three classical HDACS - HDACs 1, 2 and 3. Although much evidence on the involvement of HDACs in neurodevelopment has come from the use of pharmacological inhibitors, because these agents are not specific in their action on individual HDAC proteins, this review only describes evidence derived from the use of molecular genetic approaches. Our review describes that HDACs 1, 2 and 3 play crucial roles in neurodevelopment by regulating neurogenesis, gliogenesis, the development of neural circuitry and synaptic transmission.
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50
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Legrand N, Bretscher CL, Zielke S, Wilke B, Daude M, Fritz B, Diederich WE, Adhikary T. PPARβ/δ recruits NCOR and regulates transcription reinitiation of ANGPTL4. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9573-9591. [PMID: 31428774 PMCID: PMC6765110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of ligands, the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ recruits the NCOR and SMRT corepressors, which form complexes with HDAC3, to canonical target genes. Agonistic ligands cause dissociation of corepressors and enable enhanced transcription. Vice versa, synthetic inverse agonists augment corepressor recruitment and repression. Both basal repression of the target gene ANGPTL4 and reinforced repression elicited by inverse agonists are partially insensitive to HDAC inhibition. This raises the question how PPARβ/δ represses transcription mechanistically. We show that the PPARβ/δ inverse agonist PT-S264 impairs transcription initiation by decreasing recruitment of activating Mediator subunits, RNA polymerase II, and TFIIB, but not of TFIIA, to the ANGPTL4 promoter. Mass spectrometry identifies NCOR as the main PT-S264-dependent interactor of PPARβ/δ. Reconstitution of knockout cells with PPARβ/δ mutants deficient in basal repression results in diminished recruitment of NCOR, SMRT, and HDAC3 to PPAR target genes, while occupancy by RNA polymerase II is increased. PT-S264 restores binding of NCOR, SMRT, and HDAC3 to the mutants, resulting in reduced polymerase II occupancy. Our findings corroborate deacetylase-dependent and -independent repressive functions of HDAC3-containing complexes, which act in parallel to downregulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Legrand
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Clemens L Bretscher
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wilke
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Daude
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Fritz
- Centre for Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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