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Chhabra M, Shanthamurthy CD, Kumar NV, Mardhekar S, Vishweshwara SS, Wimmer N, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Amarilla AA, Cha JS, Beckett JR, De Voss JJ, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Dorsett LR, Smith RAA, Gandhi NS, Kikkeri R, Ferro V. Amphiphilic Heparinoids as Potent Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38995734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of heparinoid amphiphiles as inhibitors of heparanase and SARS-CoV-2. By employing a tailor-made synthetic strategy, a library of highly sulfated homo-oligosaccharides bearing d-glucose or a C5-epimer (i.e., l-idose or l-iduronic acid) conjugated with various lipophilic groups was synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity. Sulfated higher oligosaccharides of d-glucose or l-idose with lipophilic aglycones displayed potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 and antiheparanse activity, similar to or better than pixatimod (PG545), and were more potent than their isosteric l-iduronic acid congeners. Lipophilic groups such as cholestanol and C18-aliphatic substitution are more advantageous than functional group appended lipophilic moieties. These findings confirm that fine-tuning of higher oligosaccharides, degree of sulfation, and lipophilic groups can yield compounds with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chethan D Shanthamurthy
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sharath S Vishweshwara
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Cha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James R Beckett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lauren R Dorsett
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Zhang Y, Xiong M, Chen Z, Seabra G, Liu J, Li C, Cui L. Design Principle of Heparanase Inhibitors: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Study. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1032-1040. [PMID: 39015272 PMCID: PMC11247634 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Overexpression of HPSE is associated with various types of cancer, inflammation, and immune disorders, making it a highly promising therapeutic target. Previously developed HPSE inhibitors that have advanced to clinical trials are polysaccharide-derived compounds or their mimetics; however, these molecules tend to suffer from poor bioavailability, side effects via targeting other saccharide binding proteins, and heterogeneity. Few small-molecule inhibitors have progressed to the preclinical or clinical stages, leaving a gap in HPSE drug discovery. In this study, a novel small molecule that can inhibit HPSE activity was discovered through high-throughput screening (HTS) using an ultrasensitive HPSE probe. Computational tools were employed to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition. The essential structural features of the hit compound were summarized into a structure-activity relationship (SAR) theory, providing insights into the future design of HPSE small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Meijun Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Gustavo Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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3
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Zhang W, Xiao L, Li D, Hu Y, Yu W. New Strategies for Responding to SARS-CoV-2: The Present and Future of Dual-Target Drugs. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38967785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of deaths, posing a serious threat to public health and safety. Rapid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and complex interactions among multiple targets during infection pose a risk of expiry for small molecule inhibitors. This suggests that the traditional concept of "one bug, one drug" could be ineffective in dealing with the coronavirus. The dual-target drug strategy is expected to be the key to ending coronavirus infections. However, the lack of design method and improper combination of dual-targets poses obstacle to the discovery of new dual-target drugs. In this Perspective, we summarized the profiles concerning drug design methods, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological parameters of dual-target drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Importantly, we underscored how target combination and rational drug design illuminate the development of dual-target drugs for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lecheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dianyang Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Shi J, Onuki Y, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Iwasaki F, Tsuda H, Takahashi K, Oku T, Suzuki M, Higashi K, Adachi H, Nishimura Y, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. The Uptake of Heparanase into Mast Cells Is Regulated by Its Enzymatic Activity to Degrade Heparan Sulfate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6281. [PMID: 38892469 PMCID: PMC11173065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells take up extracellular latent heparanase and store it in secretory granules. The present study examined whether the enzymatic activity of heparanase regulates its uptake efficiency. Recombinant mouse heparanase mimicking both the latent and mature forms (L-Hpse and M-Hpse, respectively) was internalized into mastocytoma MST cells, peritoneal cell-derived mast cells, and bone marrow-derived mast cells. The internalized amount of L-Hpse was significantly higher than that of M-Hpse. In MST cells, L-Hpse was continuously internalized for up to 8 h, while the uptake of M-Hpse was saturated after 2 h of incubation. L-Hpse and M-Hpse are similarly bound to the MST cell surface. The expression level of cell surface heparan sulfate was reduced in MST cells incubated with M-Hpse. The internalized amount of M-Hpse into mast cells was significantly increased in the presence of heparastatin (SF4), a small molecule heparanase inhibitor that does not affect the binding of heparanase to immobilized heparin. Enzymatically quiescent M-Hpse was prepared with a point mutation at Glu335. The internalized amount of mutated M-Hpse was significantly higher than that of wild-type M-Hpse but similar to that of wild-type and mutated L-Hpse. These results suggest that the enzymatic activity of heparanase negatively regulates the mast cell-mediated uptake of heparanase, possibly via the downregulation of cell surface heparan sulfate expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshiki Onuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumika Iwasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Haruna Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 18-24, Miyamoto, Numazu 410-0301, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nishimura
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23, Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku 141-0021, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku 106-6019, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan; (J.S.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (K.T.)
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5
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Ricard-Blum S, Vivès RR, Schaefer L, Götte M, Merline R, Passi A, Heldin P, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Skandalis SS, Karamanos NK, Perez S, Nikitovic D. A biological guide to glycosaminoglycans: current perspectives and pending questions. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38500384 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), except hyaluronan (HA), are sulfated polysaccharides that are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans (PGs). This article summarizes key biological findings for the most widespread GAGs, namely HA, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and heparan sulfate (HS). It focuses on the major processes that remain to be deciphered to get a comprehensive view of the mechanisms mediating GAG biological functions. They include the regulation of GAG biosynthesis and postsynthetic modifications in heparin (HP) and HS, the composition, heterogeneity, and function of the tetrasaccharide linkage region and its role in disease, the functional characterization of the new PGs recently identified by glycoproteomics, the selectivity of interactions mediated by GAG chains, the display of GAG chains and PGs at the cell surface and their impact on the availability and activity of soluble ligands, and on their move through the glycocalyx layer to reach their receptors, the human GAG profile in health and disease, the roles of GAGs and particular PGs (syndecans, decorin, and biglycan) involved in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis, the possible use of GAGs and PGs as disease biomarkers, and the design of inhibitors targeting GAG biosynthetic enzymes and GAG-protein interactions to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR 5246 University Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
| | - Rosetta Merline
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Paraskevi Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Serge Perez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, France
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Rabinowitz ZM, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ybargollin AJ, Saketkhou M, Cui L. A Fluorogenic Green Merocyanine-Based Probe to Detect Heparanase-1 Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.25.581963. [PMID: 38464176 PMCID: PMC10925095 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.25.581963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE-1), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate (HS) chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HPSE-1 functions to remodel the ECM and thereby disseminate cells, liberate HS-bound bioactive molecules, and release biologically active HS fragments. Being the only known enzyme for the cleavage of HS, HPSE-1 regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes including cell migration, cytokine regulation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Overexpression of HPSE-1 has been discovered in most cancers, inflammatory diseases, viral infections, among others. As an emerging therapeutic target, the biological role of HPSE-1 remains to be explored but is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the chemical tool-kit of fluorogenic probes to interrogate HPSE-1 activity, we design and synthesized a fluorogenic green disaccharide-based HPSE-1 probe using our design strategy of tuning the electronic effect of the aryl aglycon. The novel probe exhibits a highly sensitive 278-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of recombinant human HPSE-1, while emitting green light at 560 nm, enabling the fluorescence imaging of HPSE-1 activity in cells.
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7
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Fan J, Zhu J, Xu H. Strategies of Helicobacter pylori in evading host innate and adaptive immunity: insights and prospects for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342913. [PMID: 38469348 PMCID: PMC10925771 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant pathogen causing chronic gastric mucosal infections globally. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection was estimated at 43.1%, while in China, it was slightly higher at approximately 44.2%. Persistent colonization by H. pylori can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite eliciting robust immune responses from the host, H. pylori thrives in the gastric mucosa by modulating host immunity, particularly by altering the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, and dampening inflammatory responses adverse to its survival, posing challenges to clinical management. The interaction between H. pylori and host immune defenses is intricate, involving evasion of host recognition by modifying surface molecules, manipulating macrophage functionality, and modulating T cell responses to evade immune surveillance. This review analyzes the immunopathogenic and immune evasion mechanisms of H. pylori, underscoring the importance of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective treatment strategies, and discusses how the development of vaccines against H. pylori offers new hope for eradicating such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Li L, Barash U, Ilan N, Farhoud M, Zhang X, Vlodavsky I, Li JP. A New Synthesized Dicarboxylated Oxy-Heparin Efficiently Attenuates Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cells 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 38334603 PMCID: PMC10854774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors that support tumor growth. Heparanase expression is upregulated in human carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies, correlating with increased tumor metastasis, vascular density, and shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, and encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Among these are heparin/HS mimetics, the only heparanase-inhibiting compounds that are being evaluated in clinical trials. We have synthesized dicarboxylated oxy-heparins (DCoxHs) containing three carboxylate groups per split residue (DC-Hep). The resulting lead compound (termed XII) was upscaled, characterized, and examined for its effectiveness in tumor models. Potent anti-tumorigenic effects were obtained in models of pancreatic carcinoma, breast cancer, mesothelioma, and myeloma, yielding tumor growth inhibition (TGI) values ranging from 21 to 70% and extending the survival time of the mice. Of particular significance was the inhibition of spontaneous metastasis in an orthotopic model of breast carcinoma following resection of the primary tumor. It appears that apart from inhibition of heparanase enzymatic activity, compound XII reduces the levels of heparanase protein and inhibits its cellular uptake and activation. Heparanase-dependent and -independent effects of XII are being investigated. Collectively, our pre-clinical studies with compound XII strongly justify its examination in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shenzhen Hepalink Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Malik Farhoud
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel; (U.B.); (N.I.); (M.F.)
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Chen Y, van den Nieuwendijk AMC, Wu L, Moran E, Skoulikopoulou F, van Riet V, Overkleeft HS, Davies GJ, Armstrong Z. Molecular Basis for Inhibition of Heparanases and β-Glucuronidases by Siastatin B. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:125-133. [PMID: 38118176 PMCID: PMC10785800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Siastatin B is a potent and effective iminosugar inhibitor of three diverse glycosidase classes, namely, sialidases, β-d-glucuronidases, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidases. The mode of inhibition of glucuronidases, in contrast to sialidases, has long been enigmatic as siastatin B appears too bulky and incorrectly substituted to be accommodated within a β-d-glucuronidase active site pocket. Herein, we show through crystallographic analysis of protein-inhibitor complexes that siastatin B generates both a hemiaminal and a 3-geminal diol iminosugar (3-GDI) that are, rather than the parent compound, directly responsible for enzyme inhibition. The hemiaminal product is the first observation of a natural product that belongs to the noeuromycin class of inhibitors. Additionally, the 3-GDI represents a new and potent class of the iminosugar glycosidase inhibitor. To substantiate our findings, we synthesized both the gluco- and galacto-configured 3-GDIs and characterized their binding both structurally and kinetically to exo-β-d-glucuronidases and the anticancer target human heparanase. This revealed submicromolar inhibition of exo-β-d-glucuronidases and an unprecedented binding mode by this new class of inhibitor. Our results reveal the mechanism by which siastatin B acts as a broad-spectrum glycosidase inhibitor, identify a new class of glycosidase inhibitor, and suggest new functionalities that can be incorporated into future generations of glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Chen
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liang Wu
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Elisha Moran
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Foteini Skoulikopoulou
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van Riet
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S. Overkleeft
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
| | - Zachary Armstrong
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K.
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10
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Imai Y, Suzuki R, Matsuda D, Tanaka-Yamamoto N, Ohki Y, Tabata R, Kato S, Sugisaki M, Fujimoto N, Fukunaga T, Kato S, Takahashi T, Kakinuma H. Discovery of a novel tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivative as a potent and selective heparanase-1 inhibitor utilizing an improved synthetic approach. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129543. [PMID: 37939863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) is an endo-β-d-glucuronidase that catalyzes degradation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Inhibition of HPSE1 appears to be a useful therapeutic target against cancer and proteinuric kidney diseases. We previously reported tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 2 as a potent HPSE1 inhibitor after optimization of the synthetic reaction. However, synthesis of 2 involves a total of 19 steps, including a cyclization process that accompanies a strong odor due to the use of Lawesson's reagent and an epimerization reaction; furthermore, 2 exhibited insufficient selectivity for HPSE1 over exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which also needed to be addressed. First, the cyclization reaction was optimized to synthesize tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine without using Lawesson's reagent or epimerization, with reference to previous reports. Next, 16 and 17 containing a bulkier substituent at position 6 than the 6-methoxyl group in 2 were designed and synthesized using the improved cyclization conditions, so that the synthetic route of 16 and 17 was shortened by five steps as compared with that of 2. The inhibitory activities of 16 and 17 against GUSβ and GBA were reduced as compared with those of 2, that is, the compounds showed improved selectivity for HPSE1 over GUSβ and GBA. In addition, 16 showed enhanced inhibitory activity against HPSE1 as compared with that of 2. Compound 16 appears promising as an HPSE1 inhibitor with therapeutic potential due to its highly potent inhibitory activity against HPSE1 with high selectivity for HPSE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Imai
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuda
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tabata
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sota Kato
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mami Sugisaki
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujimoto
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukunaga
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakinuma
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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11
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Zayed A, Al-Saedi DA, Mensah EO, Kanwugu ON, Adadi P, Ulber R. Fucoidan's Molecular Targets: A Comprehensive Review of Its Unique and Multiple Targets Accounting for Promising Bioactivities Supported by In Silico Studies. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:29. [PMID: 38248653 PMCID: PMC10820140 DOI: 10.3390/md22010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a class of multifunctional polysaccharides derived from marine organisms. Its unique and diversified physicochemical and chemical properties have qualified them for potential and promising pharmacological uses in human diseases, including inflammation, tumors, immunity disorders, kidney diseases, and diabetes. Physicochemical and chemical properties are the main contributors to these bioactivities. The previous literature has attributed such activities to its ability to target key enzymes and receptors involved in potential disease pathways, either directly or indirectly, where the anionic sulfate ester groups are mainly involved in these interactions. These findings also confirm the advantageous pharmacological uses of sulfated versus non-sulfated polysaccharides. The current review shall highlight the molecular targets of fucoidans, especially enzymes, and the subsequent responses via either the upregulation or downregulation of mediators' expression in various tissue abnormalities. In addition, in silico studies will be applied to support the previous findings and show the significant contributors. The current review may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of fucoidan. Also, the findings of this review may be utilized in the design of specific oligomers inspired by fucoidan with the purpose of treating life-threatening human diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dalal A. Al-Saedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emmanuel Ofosu Mensah
- Faculty of Ecotechnology, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia;
| | - Osman Nabayire Kanwugu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 28, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia;
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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12
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Chopra P, Yadavalli T, Palmieri F, Jongkees SAK, Unione L, Shukla D, Boons GJ. Synthetic Heparanase Inhibitors Can Prevent Herpes Simplex Viral Spread. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309838. [PMID: 37555536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) employs heparan sulfate (HS) as receptor for cell attachment and entry. During late-stage infection, the virus induces the upregulation of human heparanase (Hpse) to remove cell surface HS allowing viral spread. We hypothesized that inhibition of Hpse will prevent viral release thereby representing a new therapeutic strategy for HSV-1. A range of HS-oligosaccharides was prepared to examine the importance of chain length and 2-O-sulfation of iduronic moieties for Hpse inhibition. It was found that hexa- and octasaccharides potently inhibited the enzyme and that 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid is tolerated. Computational studies provided a rationale for the observed structure-activity relationship. Treatment of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs) infected with HSV-1 with the hexa- and octasaccharide blocked viral induced shedding of HS which significantly reduced spread of virions. The compounds also inhibited migration and proliferation of immortalized HCEs thereby providing additional therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Chopra
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Francesco Palmieri
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Current address: CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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13
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Imai Y, Suzuki R, Wakasugi D, Matsuda D, Tanaka-Yamamoto N, Ohki Y, Mima M, Endo M, Tabata R, Matsuzawa H, Hasegawa Y, Kato S, Sugisaki M, Miyagawa H, Fujimoto N, Fukunaga T, Kato S, Takahashi T, Kakinuma H. Structure-based lead optimization to improve potency and selectivity of a novel tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid series of heparanase-1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117460. [PMID: 37660465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) is an endo-β-d-glucuronidase that is the only mammalian enzyme known to cleave heparan sulfate (HS) of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), a key component of the glycocalyx layer of the vascular endothelium matrix. Inhibition of HPSE1 has therapeutic potential for cancer and proteinuric kidney diseases. We previously reported that 2 showed a moderate potency as an HPSE1 inhibitor and an issue of selectivity against exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) remained. A structure-based lead optimization of 2 using X-ray co-crystal structure analysis and fragment molecular orbital calculation resulted in 4e, which showed a more than 7-fold increase in HPSE1 inhibitory activity. The subsequent introduction of a methyl group into the 6-hydroxy group of 4e resulted in 18 with reduced inhibitory activities against GUSβ and GBA while maintaining the inhibitory activity against HPSE1. The inhibitory activities of 18 against serum HPSE1 in mice were significant and lasted for 4 h at doses of 3, 30, and 100 mg/kg. Compound 18 could be a novel lead compound for HPSE1 inhibitors with improved inhibitory activity against HPSE1 and increased HPSE1 selectivity over GUSβ and GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Imai
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Wakasugi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuda
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masashi Mima
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mayumi Endo
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tabata
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsuzawa
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hasegawa
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sota Kato
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mami Sugisaki
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroh Miyagawa
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujimoto
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukunaga
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakinuma
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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14
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Danielsson A, Samsonov SA, Liwo A, Sieradzan AK. Extension of the SUGRES-1P Coarse-Grained Model of Polysaccharides to Heparin. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6023-6036. [PMID: 37587433 PMCID: PMC10500997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is an unbranched periodic polysaccharide composed of negatively charged monomers and involved in key biological processes, including anticoagulation, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Its structure and dynamics have been studied extensively using experimental as well as theoretical approaches. The conventional approach of computational chemistry applied to the analysis of biomolecules is all-atom molecular dynamics, which captures the interactions of individual atoms by solving Newton's equation of motion. An alternative is molecular dynamics simulations using coarse-grained models of biomacromolecules, which offer a reduction of the representation and consequently enable us to extend the time and size scale of simulations by orders of magnitude. In this work, we extend the UNIfied COarse-gRaiNed (UNICORN) model of biological macromolecules developed in our laboratory to heparin. We carried out extensive tests to estimate the optimal weights of energy terms of the effective energy function as well as the optimal Debye-Hückel screening factor for electrostatic interactions. We applied the model to study unbound heparin molecules of polymerization degree ranging from 6 to 68 residues. We compare the obtained coarse-grained heparin conformations with models obtained from X-ray diffraction studies of heparin. The SUGRES-1P force field was able to accurately predict the general shape and global characteristics of heparin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Danielsson
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sergey A. Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Liwo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam K. Sieradzan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Wakpal J, Pathiranage V, Walker AR, Nguyen HM. Rational Design and Expedient Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Mimetics from Natural Aminoglycosides for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304325. [PMID: 37285191 PMCID: PMC10527013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) contains variably repeating disaccharide units organized into high- and low-sulfated domains. This rich structural diversity enables HS to interact with many proteins and regulate key signaling pathways. Efforts to understand structure-function relationships and harness the therapeutic potential of HS are hindered by the inability to synthesize an extensive library of well-defined HS structures. We herein report a rational and expedient approach to access a library of 27 oligosaccharides from natural aminoglycosides as HS mimetics in 7-12 steps. This strategy significantly reduces the number of steps as compared to the traditional synthesis of HS oligosaccharides from monosaccharide building blocks. Combined with computational insight, we identify a new class of four trisaccharide compounds derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin that mimic natural HS and have a strong binding to heparanase but a low affinity for off-target platelet factor-4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wakpal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Cui L. Discovery and development of small-molecule heparanase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117335. [PMID: 37257254 PMCID: PMC10884955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE) is a promising yet challenging therapeutic target. It is the only known enzyme that is responsible for cleavage of heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and is the key enzyme involved in the remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overexpression of HPSE is found in various types of diseases, including cancers, inflammations, diabetes, and viral infections. Inhibiting HPSE can restore ECM functions and integrity, making the development of HPSE inhibitors a highly sought-after topic. So far, all HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials belong to the category of HS mimetics, and no small-molecule or drug-like HPSE inhibitors have made similar progress. None of the HS mimetics have been approved as drugs, with some clinical trials discontinued due to poor bioavailability, side effects, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics characteristics. Small-molecule HPSE inhibitors are, therefore, particularly appealing due to their drug-like characteristics. Advances in the chemical spaces and drug design technologies, including the increasing use of in vitro and in silico screening methods, have provided new opportunities in drug discovery. This article aims to review the discovery and development of small-molecule HPSE inhibitors via screening strategies to shed light on the future endeavors in the development of novel HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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17
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Vlodavsky I, Kayal Y, Hilwi M, Soboh S, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Heparanase-A single protein with multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e6. [PMID: 37547889 PMCID: PMC10398610 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions extracellularly to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors, augmenting, among other effects, gene transcription, autophagy, exosome formation, and heparan sulfate (HS) turnover. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The enzyme appears to fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, autophagy, HS turnover, and gene transcription. It activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive tumor growth, dissemination, and drug resistance as well as inflammatory responses. The emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a valid target for therapy. So far, however, antiheparanase-based therapy has not been implemented in the clinic. Unlike heparanase, heparanase-2 (Hpa2), a close homolog of heparanase (Hpa1), does not undergo proteolytic processing and hence lacks intrinsic HS-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase. Hpa2 retains the capacity to bind heparin/HS and exhibits an even higher affinity towards HS than heparanase, thus competing for HS binding and inhibiting heparanase enzymatic activity. It appears that Hpa2 functions as a natural inhibitor of Hpa1 regulates the expression of selected genes that maintain tissue hemostasis and normal function, and plays a protective role against cancer and inflammation, together emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper balance between Hpa1 and Hpa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
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18
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Whitefield C, Vo Y, Schwartz BD, Hepburn C, Ahmed FH, Onagi H, Banwell MG, Nelms K, Malins LR, Jackson CJ. Complex Inhibitory Mechanism of Glycomimetics with Heparanase. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37368361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is the only mammalian endo-β-glucuronidase known to catalyze the degradation of heparan sulfate. Dysfunction of HPSE activity has been linked to several disease states, resulting in HPSE becoming the target of numerous therapeutic programs, yet no drug has passed clinical trials to date. Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a heterogeneous, FDA-approved drug for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and a known HPSE inhibitor. However, due to its heterogeneity, characterization of its mechanism of HPSE inhibition is challenging. Here, we show that inhibition of HPSE by PPS is complex, involving multiple overlapping binding events, each influenced by factors such as oligosaccharide length and inhibitor-induced changes in the protein secondary structure. The present work advances our molecular understanding of the inhibition of HPSE and will aid in the development of therapeutics for the treatment of a broad range of pathologies associated with enzyme dysfunction, including cancer, inflammatory disease, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yen Vo
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Caryn Hepburn
- Waters Australia Pty Ltd, 38-46 South Street, Rydalmere, New South Wales 2116, Australia
| | - F Hafna Ahmed
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Keats Nelms
- Beta Therapeutics Pty. Ltd. Level 6, 121 Marcus Clarke Street, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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19
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Manseur C, Groult H, Porta M, Bodet PE, Mersni-Achour R, Petit R, Ali-Moussa S, Musnier B, Le Cerf D, Varacavoudin T, Haddad O, Sutton A, Leal CEY, Alencar-Filho EB, Piot JM, Bridiau N, Maugard T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. A Screening Approach to Assess the Impact of Various Commercial Sources of Crude Marine λ-Carrageenan on the Production of Oligosaccharides with Anti-heparanase and Anti-migratory Activities. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050295. [PMID: 37233489 DOI: 10.3390/md21050295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides derived from λ-carrageenan (λ-COs) are gaining interest in the cancer field. They have been recently reported to regulate heparanase (HPSE) activity, a protumor enzyme involved in cancer cell migration and invasion, making them very promising molecules for new therapeutic applications. However, one of the specific features of commercial λ-carrageenan (λ-CAR) is that they are heterogeneous mixtures of different CAR families, and are named according to the thickening-purpose final-product viscosity which does not reflect the real composition. Consequently, this can limit their use in a clinical applications. To address this issue, six commercial λ-CARs were compared and differences in their physiochemical properties were analyzed and shown. Then, a H2O2-assisted depolymerization was applied to each commercial source, and number- and weight-averaged molar masses (Mn and Mw) and sulfation degree (DS) of the λ-COs produced over time were determined. By adjusting the depolymerization time for each product, almost comparable λ-CO formulations could be obtained in terms of molar masses and DS, which ranged within previously reported values suitable for antitumor properties. However, when the anti-HPSE activity of these new λ-COs was screened, small changes that could not be attributed only to their small length or DS changes between them were found, suggesting a role of other features, such as differences in the initial mixture composition. Further structural MS and NMR analysis revealed qualitative and semi-quantitative differences between the molecular species, especially in the proportion of the anti-HPSE λ-type, other CARs types and adjuvants, and it also showed that H2O2-based hydrolysis induced sugar degradation. Finally, when the effects of λ-COs were assessed in an in vitro migration cell-based model, they seemed more related to the proportion of other CAR types in the formulation than to their λ-type-dependent anti-HPSE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanez Manseur
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Hugo Groult
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Manon Porta
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Bodet
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Raphaëlle Petit
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Samir Ali-Moussa
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Benjamin Musnier
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Sciences & Technic Faculty, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tony Varacavoudin
- Sciences & Technic Faculty, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Oualid Haddad
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Groupe Biothérapies et Glycoconjugués, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Groupe Biothérapies et Glycoconjugués, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Cíntia Emi Yanaguibashi Leal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil
| | - Edilson Beserra Alencar-Filho
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Thierry Maugard
- UMR CNRS 7266, LIENSs Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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20
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Heparanase Modulates Chromatin Accessibility. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060891. [PMID: 36980232 PMCID: PMC10047235 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the sole endoglucuronidase that degrades heparan sulfate in the cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM). Several studies have reported the localization of heparanase in the cell nucleus, but the functional role of the nuclear enzyme is still obscure. Subjecting mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from heparanase knockout (Hpse-KO) mice and applying transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), we revealed that heparanase is involved in the regulation of chromatin accessibility. Integrating with genome-wide analysis of chromatin states revealed an overall low activity in the enhancer and promoter regions of Hpse-KO MEFs compared with wild-type (WT) MEFs. Western blot analysis of MEFs and tissues derived from Hpse-KO vs. WT mice confirmed reduced expression of H3K27ac (acetylated lysine at N-terminal position 27 of the histone H3 protein). Our results offer a mechanistic explanation for the well-documented attenuation of inflammatory responses and tumor growth in Hpse-KO mice.
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21
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Borlandelli V, Armstrong Z, Nin‐Hill A, Codée JDC, Raich L, Artola M, Rovira C, Davies GJ, Overkleeft HS. 4-O-Substituted Glucuronic Cyclophellitols are Selective Mechanism-Based Heparanase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200580. [PMID: 36533564 PMCID: PMC10947206 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) supports tissue integrity and homeostasis, but is also a key factor in cancer metastasis. Heparanase (HPSE) is a mammalian ECM-remodeling enzyme with β-D-endo-glucuronidase activity overexpressed in several malignancies, and is thought to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. By this virtue, HPSE is considered an attractive target for the development of cancer therapies, yet to date no HPSE inhibitors have progressed to the clinic. Here we report on the discovery of glucurono-configured cyclitol derivatives featuring simple substituents at the 4-O-position as irreversible HPSE inhibitors. We show that these compounds, unlike glucurono-cyclophellitol, are selective for HPSE over β-D-exo-glucuronidase (GUSB), also in platelet lysate. The observed selectivity is induced by steric and electrostatic interactions of the substituents at the 4-O-position. Crystallographic analysis supports this rationale for HPSE selectivity, and computer simulations provide insights in the conformational preferences and binding poses of the inhibitors, which we believe are good starting points for the future development of HPSE-targeting antimetastatic cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borlandelli
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zachary Armstrong
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryYork Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Alba Nin‐Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lluís Raich
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
- Current address: Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Marta Artola
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of ChemistryYork Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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22
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Doherty GG, Ler GJM, Wimmer N, Bernhardt PV, Ashmus RA, Vocadlo DJ, Armstrong Z, Davies GJ, Maccarana M, Li JP, Kayal Y, Ferro V. Synthesis of Uronic Acid 1-Azasugars as Putative Inhibitors of α-Iduronidase, β-Glucuronidase and Heparanase. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200619. [PMID: 36453606 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
1-Azasugar analogues of l-iduronic acid (l-IdoA) and d-glucuronic acid (d-GlcA) and their corresponding enantiomers have been synthesized as potential pharmacological chaperones for mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding α-iduronidase (IDUA). The compounds were efficiently synthesized in nine or ten steps from d- or l-arabinose, and the structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of key intermediates. All compounds were inactive against IDUA, although l-IdoA-configured 8 moderately inhibited β-glucuronidase (β-GLU). The d-GlcA-configured 9 was a potent inhibitor of β-GLU and a moderate inhibitor of the endo-β-glucuronidase heparanase. Co-crystallization of 9 with heparanase revealed that the endocyclic nitrogen of 9 forms close interactions with both the catalytic acid and catalytic nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth G Doherty
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Geraldine Jia Ming Ler
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Norbert Wimmer
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry and, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zachary Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Current address: Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Current address: Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Maccarana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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23
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Ham H, Xu Y, Haller CA, Dai E, Stancanelli E, Liu J, Chaikof EL. Design of an Ultralow Molecular Weight Heparin That Resists Heparanase Biodegradation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2194-2203. [PMID: 36706244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, an endo-β-d-glucuronidase produced by a variety of cells and tissues, cleaves the glycosidic linkage between glucuronic acid (GlcA) and a 3-O- or 6-O-sulfated glucosamine, typified by the disaccharide -[GlcA-GlcNS3S6S]-, which is found within the antithrombin-binding domain of heparan sulfate or heparin. As such, all current forms of heparin are susceptible to degradation by heparanase with neutralization of anticoagulant properties. Here, we have designed a heparanase-resistant, ultralow molecular weight heparin as the structural analogue of fondaparinux that does not contain an internal GlcA residue but otherwise displays potent anticoagulant activity. This heparin oligosaccharide was synthesized following a chemoenzymatic scheme and displays nanomolar anti-FXa activity yet is resistant to heparanase digestion. Inhibition of thrombus formation was further demonstrated after subcutaneous administration of this compound in a murine model of venous thrombosis. Thrombus inhibition was comparable to that observed for enoxaparin with a similar effect on bleeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunok Ham
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Rm 1044, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Erbin Dai
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Eduardo Stancanelli
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Rm 1044, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Rm 1044, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-11090, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis Street, Suite 9F, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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24
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Lebsir N, Zoulim F, Grigorov B. Heparanase-1: From Cancer Biology to a Future Antiviral Target. Viruses 2023; 15:237. [PMID: 36680276 PMCID: PMC9860851 DOI: 10.3390/v15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are found to be implicated in viral infections, where they play a role in both cell entry and release for many viruses. The enzyme heparanase-1 is the only known endo-beta-D-glucuronidase capable of degrading heparan sulphate (HS) chains of HSPGs and is thus important for regulating ECM homeostasis. Heparanase-1 expression is tightly regulated as the uncontrolled cleavage of HS may result in abnormal cell activation and significant tissue damage. The overexpression of heparanase-1 correlates with pathological scenarios and is observed in different human malignancies, such as lymphoma, breast, colon, lung, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Interestingly, heparanase-1 has also been documented to be involved in numerous viral infections, e.g., HSV-1, HPV, DENV. Moreover, very recent reports have demonstrated a role of heparanase-1 in HCV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to the undenied pro-carcinogenic role of heparanase-1, multiple inhibitors have been developed, some reaching phase II and III in clinical studies. However, the use of heparanase inhibitors as antivirals has not yet been proposed. If it can be assumed that heparanase-1 is implicated in numerous viral life cycles, its inhibition by specific heparanase-acting compounds should result in a blockage of viral infection. This review addresses the perspectives of using heparanase inhibitors, not only for cancer treatment, but also as antivirals. Eventually, the development of a novel class antivirals targeting a cellular protein could help to alleviate the resistance problems seen with some current antiretroviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Lebsir
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Confluence: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), UCLy, 10 Place des Archives, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Boyan Grigorov
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69434 Lyon, France
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25
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Imai Y, Wakasugi D, Suzuki R, Kato S, Sugisaki M, Mima M, Miyagawa H, Endo M, Fujimoto N, Fukunaga T, Kato S, Kuroda S, Takahashi T, Kakinuma H. Lead identification of novel tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivative as a potent heparanase-1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 79:129050. [PMID: 36368497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE1) is an endo-β-d-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans into short-chain heparan sulfates (HS). The inhibition of HPSE1 has therapeutic potential for proteinuric diseases such as nephrotic syndrome because increased HPSE1 expression is associated with the loss of HS in the glomerular basement membrane, leading to the development of proteinuria. The present study examined the generation of a lead compound focusing on chemical structures with a sugar moiety, such as glycosides and sugar analogs, taking their physical properties into consideration. Compound 10, an exo-β-d-glucuronidase (GUSβ) inhibitor, was found to have a weak inhibitory activity against endo-β-d-glucuronidase HPSE1. A structure-activity relationship study using the X-ray co-crystal structure of 10 and HPSE1 resulted in 12a, which showed a more than 14-fold increase in HPSE1 inhibitory activity compared with that of 10. Compound 12a could be a novel lead compound for the development of a potent HPSE1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Imai
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Wakasugi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sota Kato
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mami Sugisaki
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Masashi Mima
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroh Miyagawa
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Mayumi Endo
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fujimoto
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukunaga
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Discovery Technologies Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kuroda
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Teisuke Takahashi
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakinuma
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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26
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Schleyer KA, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zuo J, Ybargollin AJ, Guo H, Cui L. A Universal and Modular Scaffold for Heparanase Activatable Probes and Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2290-2298. [PMID: 36346913 PMCID: PMC10897860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-β-glucuronidase involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in rapidly healing tissues, most cancers and inflammation, and viral infection. Its importance as a therapeutic target warrants further study, but such is hampered by a lack of research tools. To expand the toolkits for probing HPSE enzymatic activity, we report the design of a substrate scaffold for HPSE comprised of a disaccharide substrate appended with a linker, capable of carrying cargo until being cleaved by HPSE. Here exemplified as a fluorogenic, coumarin-based imaging probe, this scaffold can potentially expand the availability of HPSE-responsive imaging or drug delivery tools using a variety of imaging moieties or other cargo. We show that electronic tuning of the scaffold provides a robust response to HPSE while simplifying the structural requirements of the attached cargo. Molecular docking and modeling suggest a productive probe/HPSE binding mode. These results further support the hypothesis that the reactivity of these HPSE-responsive probes is predominantly influenced by the electron density of the aglycone. This universal HPSE-activatable scaffold will greatly facilitate future development of HPSE-responsive probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelton A Schleyer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zhishen Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Alberto Jimenez Ybargollin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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27
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He P, Zhang X, Xia K, Green DE, Baytas S, Xu Y, Pham T, Liu J, Zhang F, Almond A, Linhardt RJ, DeAngelis PL. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sulfur-linked sugar polymers as heparanase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7438. [PMID: 36460670 PMCID: PMC9718760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex carbohydrates (glycans) are major players in all organisms due to their structural, energy, and communication roles. This last essential role involves interacting and/or signaling through a plethora of glycan-binding proteins. The design and synthesis of glycans as potential drug candidates that selectively alter or perturb metabolic processes is challenging. Here we describe the first reported sulfur-linked polysaccharides with potentially altered conformational state(s) that are recalcitrant to digestion by heparanase, an enzyme important in human health and disease. An artificial sugar donor with a sulfhydryl functionality is synthesized and enzymatically incorporated into polysaccharide chains utilizing heparosan synthase. Used alone, this donor adds a single thio-sugar onto the termini of nascent chains. Surprisingly, in chain co-polymerization reactions with a second donor, this thiol-terminated heparosan also serves as an acceptor to form an unnatural thio-glycosidic bond ('S-link') between sugar residues in place of a natural 'O-linked' bond. S-linked heparan sulfate analogs are not cleaved by human heparanase. Furthermore, the analogs act as competitive inhibitors with > ~200-fold higher potency than expected; as a rationale, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the S-link polymer conformations mimic aspects of the transition state. Our analogs form the basis for future cancer therapeutics and modulators of protein/sugar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Dixy E Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sultan Baytas
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Truong Pham
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Andrew Almond
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1, 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Paul L DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA.
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Pang B, Wang H, Huang H, Liao L, Wang Y, Wang M, Du G, Kang Z. Enzymatic Production of Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan and Its Oligosaccharides: A Review and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14129-14139. [PMID: 36300844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a nonsulfated linear glycosaminoglycan with a negative charge. Different from the high-molecular-weight HAs, the low-molecular-weight HAs (LMW-HAs, 4-120 kDa) and hyaluronan oligosaccharides (O-HAs, <4 kDa) exhibit certain unique biological properties, owing to which these have a wide range of applications in the field of medicine. However, the chemical synthesis of high-purity LMW-HAs and O-HAs requires complex procedures, which renders this process difficult to achieve. The degradation of HA is achieved under the catalysis of hyaluronidases. In recent years, various hyaluronidase genes have been identified, and their enzymatic properties have been analyzed. In this context, the present review summarizes the hyaluronidases from different sources, which have been characterized. The review focuses on the crystal structure and the catalytic mechanism underlying the biological properties of hyaluronidases. In addition, the molecular weight distributions and the preparation approaches of the enzymatic products LMW-HAs and O-HAs are described. The general orientation of the research on hyaluronidases was speculated based on the existing literature. Accordingly, the efficient large-scale production of LMW-HAs and O-HAs using the green enzymatic approach was anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., 678 Tianchen Avenue, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Hao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lizhi Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
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Heparanase: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203198. [PMID: 36291066 PMCID: PMC9599978 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its management places a huge burden on healthcare systems through hospitalisation and treatment. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall resulting in the formation of lipid-rich, fibrotic plaques under the subendothelium and is a key contributor to the development of CVD. As such, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis is urgently required for more effective disease treatment and prevention strategies. Heparanase is the only mammalian enzyme known to cleave heparan sulfate of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which is a key component of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. By cleaving heparan sulfate, heparanase contributes to the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes such as wound healing, inflammation, tumour angiogenesis, and cell migration. Recent evidence suggests a multifactorial role for heparanase in atherosclerosis by promoting underlying inflammatory processes giving rise to plaque formation, as well as regulating lesion stability. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the role of heparanase in physiological and pathological processes with a focus on the emerging role of the enzyme in atherosclerosis.
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30
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Yuan F, Yang Y, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu X. Heparanase in cancer progression: Structure, substrate recognition and therapeutic potential. Front Chem 2022; 10:926353. [PMID: 36157032 PMCID: PMC9500389 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.926353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase, a member of the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) GH79 family, is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulphate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Heparanase activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumour progress, angiogenesis and inflammation, which make heparanase a valuable therapeutic target. Long-due crystallographic structures of human and bacterial heparanases have been recently determined. Though the overall architecture of human heparanase is generally comparable to that of bacterial glucuronidases, remarkable differences exist in their substrate recognition mode. Better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of heparanase in substrate recognition would provide novel insight into the anti-heparanase inhibitor development as well as potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xing Yu
- *Correspondence: Yujing Zhang, ; Xing Yu,
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31
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Abstract
Cancer growth is accompanied by changes to the extracellular environment of tumors, which aids the proliferation and spread of cancer cells. Cancer-associated extracellular matrix changes include excessive degradation of heparan sulfate carbohydrates, promoting metastatic spread by multiple mechanisms. Heparanase is the main human enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate breakdown and strongly drives metastasis when overexpressed. Few effective heparanase inhibitors are known, and the most effective molecules to date possess nondrug-like structures with multiple off-target effects. We have carried out structure-guided development of heparanase inhibitors, which covalently bind to the enzyme active site to cause irreversible inhibition. These inhibitors are heparanase specific and reduce metastasis in animal models with comparable efficacy to current “best-in-class” compounds. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate essential interactions throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing signals that regulate cellular growth and development. Altered HSPG composition during tumorigenesis strongly aids cancer progression. Heparanase (HPSE) is the principal enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate catabolism and is markedly up-regulated in aggressive cancers. HPSE overactivity degrades HSPGs within the ECM, facilitating metastatic dissemination and releasing mitogens that drive cellular proliferation. Reducing extracellular HPSE activity reduces cancer growth, but few effective inhibitors are known, and none are clinically approved. Inspired by the natural glycosidase inhibitor cyclophellitol, we developed nanomolar mechanism-based, irreversible HPSE inhibitors that are effective within physiological environments. Application of cyclophellitol-derived HPSE inhibitors reduces cancer aggression in cellulo and significantly ameliorates murine metastasis. Mechanism-based irreversible HPSE inhibition is an unexplored anticancer strategy. We demonstrate the feasibility of such compounds to control pathological HPSE-driven malignancies.
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Beaman GM, Lopes FM, Hofmann A, Roesch W, Promm M, Bijlsma EK, Patel C, Akinci A, Burgu B, Knijnenburg J, Ho G, Aufschlaeger C, Dathe S, Voelckel MA, Cohen M, Yue WW, Stuart HM, Mckenzie EA, Elvin M, Roberts NA, Woolf AS, Newman WG. Expanding the HPSE2 Genotypic Spectrum in Urofacial Syndrome, A Disease Featuring a Peripheral Neuropathy of the Urinary Bladder. Front Genet 2022; 13:896125. [PMID: 35812751 PMCID: PMC9259970 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.896125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urofacial (also called Ochoa) syndrome (UFS) is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder of the urinary bladder featuring voiding dysfunction and a grimace upon smiling. Biallelic variants in HPSE2, coding for the secreted protein heparanase-2, are described in around half of families genetically studied. Hpse2 mutant mice have aberrant bladder nerves. We sought to expand the genotypic spectrum of UFS and make insights into its pathobiology. Sanger sequencing, next generation sequencing and microarray analysis were performed in four previously unreported families with urinary tract disease and grimacing. In one, the proband had kidney failure and was homozygous for the previously described pathogenic variant c.429T>A, p.(Tyr143*). Three other families each carried a different novel HPSE2 variant. One had homozygous triplication of exons 8 and 9; another had homozygous deletion of exon 4; and another carried a novel c.419C>G variant encoding the missense p.Pro140Arg in trans with c.1099-1G>A, a previously reported pathogenic splice variant. Expressing the missense heparanase-2 variant in vitro showed that it was secreted as normal, suggesting that 140Arg has aberrant functionality after secretion. Bladder autonomic neurons emanate from pelvic ganglia where resident neural cell bodies derive from migrating neural crest cells. We demonstrated that, in normal human embryos, neuronal precursors near the developing hindgut and lower urinary tract were positive for both heparanase-2 and leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 2 (LRIG2). Indeed, biallelic variants of LRIG2 have been implicated in rare UFS families. The study expands the genotypic spectrum in HPSE2 in UFS and supports a developmental neuronal pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda M. Beaman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa M. Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aybike Hofmann
- Department of Pediatric Urology, KUNO Clinic St. Hedwig Clinic, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Roesch
- Department of Pediatric Urology, KUNO Clinic St. Hedwig Clinic, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Promm
- Department of Pediatric Urology, KUNO Clinic St. Hedwig Clinic, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilia K. Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Aykut Akinci
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berk Burgu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Cebeci Children’s Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jeroen Knijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gladys Ho
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Aufschlaeger
- Department of Pediatric Urology, KUNO Clinic St. Hedwig Clinic, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Dathe
- Department of Pediatric Urology, KUNO Clinic St. Hedwig Clinic, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Dessau-Roslau, Germany
| | | | - Monika Cohen
- Center for Human Genetics and Laboratory Diagnostics (AHC) Medical Labs Martinsried, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wyatt W. Yue
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Stuart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A. Mckenzie
- Protein Expression Facility, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Elvin
- Peak Proteins Ltd., Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Roberts
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian S. Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Loka RS, Song Z, Sletten ET, Kayal Y, Vlodavsky I, Zhang K, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate Mimicking Glycopolymer Prevents Pancreatic β Cell Destruction and Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Islets under the Challenge of Upregulated Heparanase. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1387-1400. [PMID: 35658404 PMCID: PMC9251817 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the levels of blood glucose are too high because the body does not effectively produce insulin to meet its needs or is resistant to insulin. β Cells in human pancreatic islets produce insulin, which signals glucogen production by the liver and causes muscles and fat to uptake glucose. Progressive loss of insulin-producing β cells is the main cause of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a ubiquitous polysaccharide found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a variety of tissues. HS binds to and assembles proteins in ECM, thus playing important roles in the integrity of ECM (particularly basement membrane), barrier function, and ECM-cell interactions. Islet HS is highly expressed by the pancreatic β cells and critical for the survival of β cells. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase and cleaves islet HS in the pancreas, resulting in β-cell death and oxidative stress. Heparanase could also accelerate β-cell death by promoting cytokine release from ECM and secretion by activated inflammatory and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that HS-mimicking glycopolymer, a potent heparanase inhibitor, improves the survival of cultured mouse pancreatic β cells and protects HS contents under the challenge of heparanase in human pancreatic islets. Moreover, this HS-mimicking glycopolymer reduces the expression levels of cytokines (IL8, IL1β, and TNFα) and the gene encoding Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Loka
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Shi J, Kanoya R, Tani Y, Ishikawa S, Maeda R, Suzuki S, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Takahashi K, Oku T, Yamamoto A, Fukuzawa K, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. Sulfated Hyaluronan Binds to Heparanase and Blocks Its Enzymatic and Cellular Actions in Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095055. [PMID: 35563446 PMCID: PMC9102160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether sulfated hyaluronan exerts inhibitory effects on enzymatic and biological actions of heparanase, a sole endo-beta-glucuronidase implicated in cancer malignancy and inflammation. Degradation of heparan sulfate by human and mouse heparanase was inhibited by sulfated hyaluronan. In particular, high-sulfated hyaluronan modified with approximately 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit effectively inhibited the enzymatic activity at a lower concentration than heparin. Human and mouse heparanase bound to immobilized sulfated hyaluronan. Invasion of heparanase-positive colon-26 cells and 4T1 cells under 3D culture conditions was significantly suppressed in the presence of high-sulfated hyaluronan. Heparanase-induced release of CCL2 from colon-26 cells was suppressed in the presence of sulfated hyaluronan via blocking of cell surface binding and subsequent intracellular NF-κB-dependent signaling. The inhibitory effect of sulfated hyaluronan is likely due to competitive binding to the heparanase molecule, which antagonizes the heparanase-substrate interaction. Fragment molecular orbital calculation revealed a strong binding of sulfated hyaluronan tetrasaccharide to the heparanase molecule based on electrostatic interactions, particularly characterized by interactions of (−1)- and (−2)-positioned sulfated sugar residues with basic amino acid residues composing the heparin-binding domain-1 of heparanase. These results propose a relevance for sulfated hyaluronan in the blocking of heparanase-mediated enzymatic and cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Riku Kanoya
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Yurina Tani
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sodai Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Rino Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sana Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan;
| | - Ami Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6019, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8520, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5775
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35
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Identification of Novel Potential Heparanase Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is a mammalian endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulphate (HS) side chains of heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), a class of molecules composed of repeating polysulfated disaccharide units of glucosamine and hexuronic acid residues. HPSE controls the availability of growth factors, chemokines, lipoproteins and other bioactive molecules by degrading HS into smaller fractions, allowing the release of saccharide fragments that activate a plethora of signaling processes. HPSE overexpression has been correlated with tumor survival and metastasis as well as several diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the search for molecules that could potentially inhibit HPSE has become increasingly relevant in the clinic. In this study, we have integrated a strategy that combines virtual screening and molecular docking of publicly available chemical databases to identify small compounds that can be developed into novel HPSE inhibitors. Structural rationalization of the interactions previously reported compounds led us to identify promising unexplored chemotypes. Here we show that these novel potential HPSE inhibitors present optimized in silico druggability and docking properties and may serve as pharmacological tools for the treatment of chronic and infectious diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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36
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Spijkers-Shaw S, Campbell K, Shields NJ, Miller JH, Rendle PM, Jiao W, Young SL, Zubkova OV. Synthesis of novel glycolipid mimetics of heparan sulfate and their application in colorectal cancer treatment in a mouse model. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200228. [PMID: 35427432 PMCID: PMC9324168 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated natural carbohydrate that plays crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Heparanase (HPSE) is the sole HS degrading endoglycosidase that cleaves HS at structure‐dependent sites along the polysaccharide chain. Overexpression of HPSE by cancer cells correlates with increased tumor size and enhanced metastasis. Previously we have shown that a tetramer HS mimetic is a potent HPSE inhibitor displaying remarkable anticancer activity in vivo. Building on that work, we report the synthesis and testing of a novel library of single entity trimer glycolipid mimetics that effectively inhibit HPSE at low nanomolar concentrations. A lipophilic arm was introduced to assess whether an improvement of pharmacokinetics and plasma residence time would offset the reduction in charge and multivalency. Preclinical tests in a mouse syngeneic model showed effective tumor growth inhibition by the tetramer but not the trimer glycomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Katrin Campbell
- University of Otago Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine NEW ZEALAND
| | - Nicholas J. Shields
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - John H. Miller
- Victoria University of Wellington School of Biological sciences Wellington NEW ZEALAND
| | - Phillip M. Rendle
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Sarah L. Young
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Victoria Universtity of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute 69 Gracefield RdGracefield Research Centre 5040 Lower Hutt NEW ZEALAND
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Chhabra M, Wilson JC, Wu L, Davies GJ, Gandhi NS, Ferro V. Structural Insights into Pixatimod (PG545) Inhibition of Heparanase, a Key Enzyme in Cancer and Viral Infections. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104222. [PMID: 34981584 PMCID: PMC9303737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pixatimod (PG545), a heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic and anticancer agent currently in clinical trials, is a potent inhibitor of heparanase. Heparanase is an endo‐β‐glucuronidase that degrades HS in the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and is implicated in numerous pathological processes such as cancer and viral infections, including SARS−CoV‐2. To understand how PG545 interacts with heparanase, we firstly carried out a conformational analysis through a combination of NMR experiments and molecular modelling which showed that the reducing end β‐D‐glucose residue of PG545 adopts a distorted conformation. This was followed by docking and molecular dynamics simulations to study the interactions of PG545 with heparanase, revealing that PG545 is able to block the active site by binding in different conformations, with the cholestanol side‐chain making important hydrophobic interactions. While PG545 blocks its natural substrate HS from binding to the active site, small synthetic heparanase substrates are only partially excluded, and thus pentasaccharide or larger substrates are preferred for assaying this class of inhibitor. This study provides new insights for the design of next‐generation heparanase inhibitors and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Wilson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liang Wu
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Huang H, Hou X, Xu R, Deng Z, Wang Y, Du G, Rao Y, Chen J, Kang Z. Structure and cleavage pattern of a hyaluronate 3-glycanohydrolase in the glycoside hydrolase 79 family. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118838. [PMID: 34893255 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidases have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of medicine due to their fundamental roles in the breakdown of hyaluronan. However, little is known about the catalytic mechanism of the hyaluronate 3-glycanohydrolases. Here, we report the crystal structure and cleavage pattern of a leech hyaluronidase (LHyal), which hydrolyzes the β-1,3-glycosidic bonds of hyaluronan. LHyal exhibits the typical structural features of glycoside hydrolase 79 family but contains a variable 'exo-pocket' loop where basic residues R102 and K103 are the structural determinants of hyaluronan binding. Through analysis of the hydrolysis of even- and odd-numbered hyaluronan oligosaccharides, we demonstrate that hexasaccharide is the shortest natural substrate, which can be cleaved from both the reducing and non-reducing ends to release disaccharides, and pentasaccharides are the smallest fragments for recognition and hydrolysis. These observations provide new insights into the degradation of hyaluronan and the evolutionary relationships of the GH79 family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yijian Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Histone H4 induces heparan sulfate degradation by activating heparanase in chlorine gas-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Res 2022; 23:14. [PMID: 35073921 PMCID: PMC8785471 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heparan sulfate (HS) degradation mediates pulmonary endothelial hyper-permeability and acute pulmonary edema during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to examine whether histone H4 induced HS degradation by activating heparanase (HPSE) in chlorine gas (Cl2)-induced ARDS. Methods Acute lung injury was induced by Cl2 exposure or histone H4 injection in C57BL/6 mice. Histone H4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma was measured by ELISA. HS degradation was measured by immunostaining, ELISA, and flow cytometry. HPSE mRNA and protein were measured by real-time qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively, at preset timepoints. The HPSE inhibitor OGT2115 and specific siRNAs were used to study the role of HPSE during HS degradation caused by Cl2 exposure or histone H4 challenge. Blocking antibodies against TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6 were used in vitro to investigate which signaling pathway was involved. The transcriptional regulation of HPSE was studied vis-à-vis NF-κB, which was assessed by nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of I-κBα protein. Results Histone H4 in BALF and plasma increased evidently after Cl2 inhalation. Cl2 exposure or histone H4 challenge caused obvious acute lung injury in mice, and the pulmonary glycocalyx was degraded evidently as observed from endothelial HS staining and measurement of plasma HS fragments. Pretreatment with OGT2115, an HPSE inhibitor, relieved the acute lung injury and HS degradation caused by Cl2 exposure or histone H4 challenge. Targeted knockdown of HPSE by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly inhibited histone H4 induced HS degradation in HPMECs, as measured by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. By inducing phosphorylation of I-κB α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, histone H4 directly promoted mRNA transcription and protein expression of HPSE in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a blocking antibody against TLR4 markedly inhibited both activation of NF-κB and expression of HPSE induced by histone H4. Conclusions Histone H4 is a major pro-inflammatory mediator in Cl2-induced ARDS in mice, and induces HS degradation by activating HPSE via TLRs- and NF-κB-signaling pathways.
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Whitefield C, Hong N, Mitchell JA, Jackson CJ. Computational design and experimental characterisation of a stable human heparanase variant. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:341-349. [PMID: 35382258 PMCID: PMC8905545 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is the only human enzyme known to hydrolyse heparin sulfate and is involved in many important physiological processes. However, it is also unregulated in many disease states, such as cancer, diabetes and Covid-19. It is thus an important drug target, yet the heterologous production of heparanase is challenging and only possible in mammalian or insect expression systems, which limits the ability of many laboratories to study it. Here we describe the computational redesign of heparanase to allow high yield expression in Escherchia coli. This mutated form of heparanase exhibits essentially identical kinetics, inhibition, structure and protein dynamics to the wild type protein, despite the presence of 26 mutations. This variant will facilitate wider study of this important enzyme and contributes to a growing body of literature that shows evolutionarily conserved and functionally neutral mutations can have significant effects on protein folding and expression. A mutant heparanase that exhibits wild type structure and activity but can be heterologously produced in bacterial protein expression systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Whitefield
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nansook Hong
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Joshua A. Mitchell
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J. Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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41
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de Paiva RE, Johnson WE, Gorle AK, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. Metalloglycomics of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) cobalt and ruthenium compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hu Y, Meng X, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Wang J. The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:317-330. [PMID: 33560940 PMCID: PMC7919907 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1888660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that lacks effective therapeutic interventions. SARS-CoV-2 infects ACE2-expressing cells and gains cell entry through either direct plasma membrane fusion or endocytosis. Recent studies have shown that in addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) also play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 cell attachment by serving as an attachment factor. Binding of viral spike protein to HSPGs leads to the enrichment of local concentration for the subsequent specific binding with ACE2. We therefore hypothesize that blocking the interactions between viral spike protein and the HSPGs will lead to inhibition of viral replication. In this study, we report our findings of the broad-spectrum antiviral activity and the mechanism of action of lactoferrin (LF) against multiple common human coronaviruses as well as SARS-CoV-2. Our study has shown that LF has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E in cell culture, and bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is more potent than human lactoferrin. Mechanistic studies revealed that BLF binds to HSPGs, thereby blocking viral attachment to the host cell. The antiviral activity of BLF can be antagonized by the HSPG mimetic heparin. Combination therapy experiment showed that the antiviral activity of LF is synergistic with remdesivir in cell culture. Molecular modelling suggests that the N-terminal positively charged region in BLF (residues 17-41) confers the binding to HSPGs. Overall, LF appears to be a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Passi A, Götte M, Rousselle P, Vlodavsky I. Extracellular matrix-based cancer targeting. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1000-1013. [PMID: 34389240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) operates in a coordinated mode with cancer and stroma cells to evoke the multistep process of metastatic potential. The remodeled tumor-associated matrix provides a point for direct or complementary therapeutic targeting. Here, we cover and critically address the importance of ECM networks and their macromolecules in cancer. We focus on the roles of key structural and functional ECM components, and their degradation enzymes and extracellular vesicles, aiming at improving our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to tumor initiation, growth, and dissemination, and discuss potential new approaches for ECM-based therapeutic targeting and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon, France
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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44
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Wu ZL, Ertelt JM. Assays for hyaluronidases and heparanase using nonreducing end fluorophore-labeled hyaluronan and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1435-1443. [PMID: 34280262 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronan (HA) and heparan sulfate (HS), are a large group of polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surface. The turnover of these molecules is controlled by de novo synthesis and catabolism through specific endoglycosidases, which are the keys to our understanding of the homeostasis of GAGs and could hold opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we describe assays for endoglycosidases using nonreducing end fluorophore-labeled GAGs, in which GAGs were labeled via incorporation of GlcNAz by specific synthases and cycloaddition of alkyne fluorophores and then digested with corresponding endoglycosidases. Assays of various HA-specific hyaluronidases (HYALs), including PH-20 or SPAM1, and HS-specific heparanase (HPSE) are presented. We demonstrated the distinctive pH profiles, substrate specificities and specific activities of these enzymes and provided evidence that both HYAL3 and HYAL4 are authentic hyaluronidases. In addition, while all HYALs are active on high-molecular-weight HA, they are active on low-molecular-weight HA. Subsequently, we defined a new way of measuring the activities of HYALs. Our results indicate that the activities of HYALs must be under strict pH regulation. Our quantitative methods of measuring the activity GAG endoglycosidases could bring the opportunity of designing novel therapeutics by targeting these important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang L Wu
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - James M Ertelt
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
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Barash U, Rangappa S, Mohan CD, Vishwanath D, Boyango I, Basappa B, Vlodavsky I, Rangappa KS. New Heparanase-Inhibiting Triazolo-Thiadiazoles Attenuate Primary Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122959. [PMID: 34199150 PMCID: PMC8231572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. The expression of heparanase in the tumor microenvironment is positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we have demonstrated that a new triazole–thiadiazole-bearing small molecule showed good heparanase inhibition along with attenuation of tumor growth and metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with a small molecule that inhibits heparanase enzymatic activity. Given these encouraging results, studies are underway to better elucidate the mode of action and clinical significance of triazolo–thiadiazoles. Abstract Compelling evidence ties heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate side (HS) chains of proteoglycans, with all steps of tumor development, including tumor initiation, angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Moreover, heparanase levels correlate with shorter postoperative survival of cancer patients, encouraging the development of heparanase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Heparanase-inhibiting heparin/heparan sulfate-mimicking compounds and neutralizing antibodies are highly effective in animal models of cancer progression, yet none of the compounds reached the stage of approval for clinical use. The present study focused on newly synthesized triazolo–thiadiazoles, of which compound 4-iodo-2-(3-(p-tolyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)phenol (4-MMI) was identified as a potent inhibitor of heparanase enzymatic activity, cell invasion, experimental metastasis, and tumor growth in mouse models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a marked decrease in primary tumor growth in mice treated with small molecules that inhibit heparanase enzymatic activity. This result encourages the optimization of 4-MMI for preclinical and clinical studies primarily in cancer but also other indications (i.e., colitis, pancreatitis, diabetic nephropathy, tissue fibrosis) involving heparanase, including viral infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk 571448, India;
| | | | - Divakar Vishwanath
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (D.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (U.B.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (K.S.R.)
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Computational Investigation Identified Potential Chemical Scaffolds for Heparanase as Anticancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105311. [PMID: 34156395 PMCID: PMC8157885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpse) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains. Its upregulated expression is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, thus making it an attractive target in cancer therapeutics. Currently, a few small molecule inhibitors have been reported to inhibit Hpse, with promising oral administration and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In the present study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from a dataset of well-known active small molecule Hpse inhibitors which were observed to display favorable PK properties. The compounds from the InterBioScreen database of natural (69,034) and synthetic (195,469) molecules were first filtered for their drug-likeness and the pharmacophore model was used to screen the drug-like database. The compounds acquired from screening were subjected to molecular docking with Heparanase, where two molecules used in pharmacophore generation were used as reference. From the docking analysis, 33 compounds displayed higher docking scores than the reference and favorable interactions with the catalytic residues. Complex interactions were further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations to assess their stability over a period of 50 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energies of the 33 compounds revealed 2 natural and 2 synthetic compounds, with better binding affinities than reference molecules, and were, therefore, deemed as hits. The hit compounds presented from this in silico investigation could act as potent Heparanase inhibitors and further serve as lead scaffolds to develop compounds targeting Heparanase upregulation in cancer.
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Pala D, Scalvini L, Elisi GM, Lodola A, Mor M, Spadoni G, Ferrara FF, Pavoni E, Roscilli G, Milazzo FM, Battistuzzi G, Rivara S, Giannini G. New classes of potent heparanase inhibitors from ligand-based virtual screening. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1685-1696. [PMID: 32907434 PMCID: PMC7534336 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is a validated target in cancer therapy and a potential target for several inflammatory pathologies. A ligand-based virtual screening of commercial libraries was performed to expand the chemical space of small-molecule inhibitors. The screening was based on similarity with known inhibitors and was performed in several runs, starting from literature compounds and progressing through newly discovered inhibitors. Among the fifty-five tested compounds, nineteen had IC50 values lower than 5 µM and some showed remarkable potencies. Importantly, tere- and isophthalamides derivatives belong to new structural classes of heparanase inhibitors and some of them showed enzyme affinities (61 and 63, IC50 = 0.32 and 0.12 µM, respectively) similar to those of the most potent small-molecule inhibitors reported so far. Docking studies provided a comprehensive binding hypothesis shared by compounds with significant structural diversity. The most potent inhibitors reduced cell invasiveness and inhibited the expression of proangiogenic factors in tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pala
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Elisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Kaur R, Deb PK, Diwan V, Saini B. Heparanase Inhibitors in Cancer Progression: Recent Advances. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:43-68. [PMID: 33185156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An endo-β-glucuronidase enzyme, Heparanase (HPSE), degrades the side chains of polymeric heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan formed by alternate repetitive units of D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid/L-iduronic acid. HS is a major component of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and has been implicated in processes of the tissue's integrity and functional state. The degradation of HS by HPSE enzyme leads to conditions like inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. An elevated HPSE expression with a poor prognosis and its multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis has attracted significant interest for its inhibition as a potential anti-neoplastic target. METHODS We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases such as Bentham, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc., about HPSE, its structure, functions, and role in cancer. RESULTS The present review is focused on Heparanase inhibitors (HPIns) that have been isolated from natural resources or chemically synthesized as new therapeutics for metastatic tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. The recent developments made in the HPSE structure and function are also discussed, which can lead to the future design of HPIns with more potency and specificity for the target. CONCLUSION HPIns can be a better target to be explored against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, Jordan
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Vlodavsky I, Barash U, Nguyen HM, Yang SM, Ilan N. Biology of the Heparanase-Heparan Sulfate Axis and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:240-253. [PMID: 33794549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are important constituents of the glycocalyx and participate in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, enzyme activation and inhibition, and multiple signaling routes, thereby regulating cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Heparanase, the sole mammalian heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, acts as an "activator" of HS proteoglycans, thus regulating tissue hemostasis. Heparanase is a multifaceted enzyme that together with heparan sulfate, primarily syndecan-1, drives signal transduction, immune cell activation, exosome formation, autophagy, and gene transcription via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. An important feature is the ability of heparanase to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding, thereby impacting cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Heparanase releases a myriad of HS-bound growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that are sequestered by heparan sulfate in the glycocalyx and ECM. Collectively, the heparan sulfate-heparanase axis plays pivotal roles in creating a permissive environment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and function, often resulting in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, endotheliitis, kidney dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Kondo T, Kichijo M, Nakaya M, Takenaka S, Arakawa T, Kotake T, Fushinobu S, Sakamoto T. Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel 4‐
O
‐α‐
l
‐rhamnosyl‐β‐
d
‐glucuronidase from
Fusarium oxysporum. FEBS J 2021; 288:4918-4938. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kondo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Miyu Kichijo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
| | - Makoto Nakaya
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources, Organization for Research Promotion Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
- Department of Nutrition Otemae College of Nutrition and Confectionery Osaka Japan
| | - Shigeo Takenaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Osaka Prefecture University Habikino Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Osaka Prefecture University Sakai Japan
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