1
|
Corbi G, Polito R, Monaco ML, Cacciatore F, Scioli M, Ferrara N, Daniele A, Nigro E. Adiponectin Expression and Genotypes in Italian People with Severe Obesity Undergone a Hypocaloric Diet and Physical Exercise Program. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092195. [PMID: 31547312 PMCID: PMC6769478 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts positive effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes. Adiponectin levels and some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) seem to be associated with obesity. Here, we investigated the effects of a 4-week Hypocaloric diet and Physical exercise Program (HPP) on 268 young people with severe obesity. We evaluated the relationship between adiponectin levels and anthropometric and biochemical parameters, at baseline and after a 4-week HPP. Finally, we investigated some adiponectin gene variants and their correlation to biochemical parameters. Adiponectin levels were statistically lower in people with severe obesity than in controls. At the end of the HPP, all the people with severe obesity showed a Body Mass Index (BMI) reduction with a statistically significant increase in adiponectin levels. Genotyping, the adiponectin gene demonstrated a significant difference in 3 polymorphisms within the people with severe obesity. Besides, c.11377C>G and c.11391G>A homozygous subjects experienced more advantages by HPP. Furthermore, c.268G>A heterozygous subjects showed an enhancement in lipid profile as well in adiponectin levels. The best predictor of the changes in adiponectin levels was represented by the c.268G>A WT allele. Our study confirmed that a 4-weeks HPP in people with severe obesity results in metabolic amelioration associated with a significant increase of adiponectin levels. Importantly, we found that a specific genetic background in the ADIPOQ gene can predispose toward a more significant weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelina Scioli
- Laboratorio della valutazione della complessità clinica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, 82037 Telese, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Dipartimento di scienze mediche traslazionali, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Laboratorio della valutazione della complessità clinica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, 82037 Telese, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060628. [PMID: 31234447 PMCID: PMC6627060 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though historically regarded as an inert energy store, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, which is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence points to visceral adipose tissue and specifically to its mesenteric component, or “creeping fat” as impacting on the disease course through its immunomodulatory properties. On the one hand, mesenteric fat acts as a physical barrier to inflammation and is involved in controlling host immune response to translocation of gut bacteria. On the other hand, however, there exists a strong link between visceral fat and complicated course of the disease with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, “creeping fat” appears to play different roles in different IBD phenotypes, with the greatest pathogenetic contribution probably to an ileal form of Crohn’s disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing literature on the subject and identify high-priority areas for future research. It may be that a better understanding of the role of mesenteric fat in IBD will determine new therapeutic targets and translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
3
|
A prospective 4-year study of insulin resistance and adipokines in morbidly obese diabetic and non-diabetic patients after gastric banding. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2017; 12:147-153. [PMID: 28694900 PMCID: PMC5502336 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2017.67207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are insufficient data regarding the changes in adipokine levels after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and their effects on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes remission. Aim To assess leptin, adiponectin, and insulin resistance changes after LAGB in diabetic and non-diabetic morbidly obese patients. Material and methods One hundred and three patients (37 with and 66 without type 2 diabetes) underwent LAGB from January 2009 to January 2010. Glycated hemoglobin, insulin, adipokine levels and insulin resistance were evaluated preoperatively, and 1 and 4 years after LAGB. Results The mean patient age was 45.9 ±11.7 years and mean preoperative body mass index was 47.5 ±7.3 kg/m2. A total of 80 of 103 patients (77.6%) completed the 4-year follow-up. After 4 years the mean excess weight loss was 38.8% and 39.5% in diabetic and non-diabetic patients respectively. Leptin levels decreased significantly in both groups at 1 year, but after 4 years this was noted only in non-diabetic patients. After 1 year adiponectin levels increased significantly only in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.003) and remained almost the same at 4 years. A significant decrease in insulin resistance was noted in both groups 1 year after LAGB and diabetes remission was observed in 23 (62.1%) patients. There was a negative correlation between preoperative insulin resistance and adiponectin levels throughout the follow-up period. Leptin levels positively correlated with BMI throughout the study period (baseline r = 0.45; p < 0.001; after 1 year r = 0.71; p < 0.001; after 4 years r = 0.68; p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between leptin and adiponectin concentrations preoperatively or after 1 year; however, at 4 years it was significant (r = 0.27; p < 0.02). Conclusions The most significant metabolic changes occurred within 1 year after LAGB. The 4-year follow-up revealed stabilization in metabolic indices rather than significant improvement.
Collapse
|
4
|
Riis JL, Bryce CI, Ha T, Hand T, Stebbins JL, Matin M, Jaedicke KM, Granger DA. Adiponectin: Serum-saliva associations and relations with oral and systemic markers of inflammation. Peptides 2017; 91:58-64. [PMID: 28363793 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in our understanding about the validity and utility of using salivary adiponectin to index serum adiponectin levels. Matched blood and saliva samples were collected on a single occasion from healthy adults (n=99; age 18-36 years, 53% male). Serum and saliva was assayed for adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and saliva was also assayed for markers of blood contamination (transferrin), total protein (salivary flow rate) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). We examined the extent to which salivary adiponectin was associated with serum adiponectin, and the influence of potential confounders on the serum-saliva correlation, including age, sex, body mass index, and markers of inflammation, oral health, salivary blood contamination, and flow rate. Findings revealed a modest serum-saliva association for adiponectin, and strong positive associations between salivary adiponectin and salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-8, transferrin, and total protein. By contrast, salivary adiponectin was not related to serum levels of inflammatory activity. The magnitude of the serum-saliva association was strengthened when controlling for total protein in saliva, blood leakage into oral fluid, salivary inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-8. The pattern of findings extends our understanding of salivary adiponectin and its potential use as an index of circulating adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracey Hand
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Marla Matin
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA; Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Y, Zhao Y, Zhang C. Bariatric surgery: beta cells in type 2 diabetes remission. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:122-31. [PMID: 25959613 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a new emerging treatment that demonstrates a favourable effect on type 2 diabetes, although its underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. After receiving bariatric surgery, beta cells undergo the process of rebirth, which involves apoptosis evasion, regeneration and improved beta-cell function. Therefore, further studies are necessary to elucidate how bariatric surgery can resolve type 2 diabetes. Here, our review focuses mainly on beta cells, the insulin-generating cells, whose biological features change dramatically after bariatric surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Su
- Battalion 8th, Trainee Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Health Center of Kumutamu, Aksu City, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo MM, Duan XN, Cui SD, Tian FG, Cao XC, Geng CZ, Fan ZM, Wang X, Wang S, Jiang HC, Zhang JG, Jin F, Tang JH, Liang H, Yang ZL, Wang HB, Wang QT, Li GL, Li L, Zhu SG, Zuo WS, Liu LY, Wang L, Ma DD, Liu SC, Xiang YJ, Liu L, Ye CM, Zhou WZ, Wang F, Yu LX, Ma ZB, Yu ZG. Circulating High-Molecular-Weight (HMW) Adiponectin Level Is Related with Breast Cancer Risk Better than Total Adiponectin: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129246. [PMID: 26070203 PMCID: PMC4466435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of total adiponectin, a mixture of different adiponectin forms, has been reported associated with breast cancer risk with inconsistent results. Whether the different forms play different roles in breast cancer risk prediction is unclear. To examine this, we measured total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in a case-control study (1167 sets). Higher circulating HMW adiponectin was negatively associated with breast cancer risk after adjusting for menopausal status and family history of breast cancer (P=0.024). We analyzed the relationship between adiponectin and breast cancer risk in 6 subgroups. Higher circulating HMW adiponectin was also negatively associated with breast cancer risk (P=0.020, 0.014, 0.035) in the subgroups of postmenopausal women, negative family history of breast cancer, BMI>=24.0. Total adiponectin was positively associated with breast cancer (P=0.028) in the subgroup of BMI<=24.0. Higher HMW/total adiponectin ratio was negatively associated with breast cancer (P=0.019) in the subgroup of postmenopausal women. Interestingly, in the subgroup of women with family history of breast cancer, higher circulating total and HMW adiponectin were positively associated with breast cancer risk (P=0.034, 0.0116). This study showed different forms of circulating adiponectin levels might play different roles in breast cancer risk. A higher circulating HMW adiponectin is associated with a decreased breast cancer risk, especially in postmenopausal, without family history of breast cancer or BMI>=24.0 subgroups, whereas higher circulating HMW adiponectin levels is a risk factor in women with a family history of breast cancer. Further investigation of different forms of adiponectin on breast cancer risk is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-ming Guo
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-ning Duan
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-de Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fu-guo Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu-chen Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cui-zhi Geng
- Breast Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi-min Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-chuan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-guo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-lin Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-bo Wang
- Breast Center, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-tang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-lou Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shi-guang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-shu Zuo
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-yuan Liu
- Epidemiology Institute, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan-dan Ma
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-chen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-juan Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-miao Ye
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-zhong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li-xiang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong-bing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-gang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Sweeney TE, Morton JM. Metabolic surgery: action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:727-40. [PMID: 25194186 PMCID: PMC4399638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes remain epidemic problems. Different bariatric surgical techniques causes weight loss and diabetes remission to varying degrees. The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery are complex, and include changes in diet and behaviour, as well as changes in hormones, bile acid flow, and gut bacteria. We summarized the effects of multiple different bariatric procedures, and their resulting effects on several hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY, and glucagon), bile acid changes in the gut and the serum, and resulting changes to the gut microbiome. As much as possible, we have tried to incorporate multiple studies to try to explain underlying mechanistic changes. What emerges from the data is a picture of clear differences between restrictive and metabolic procedures. The latter, in particular the roux-en-Y gastric bypass, induces large and distinctive changes in most measured fat and gut hormones, including early and sustained increase in GLP-1, possible through intestinal bile acid signalling. The changes in bile flow and the gut microbiome are causally inseparable so far, but new studies show that each contributes to the effects of weight loss and diabetes resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Sweeney
- Stanford University, Department of General Surgery, Section of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive (BMI) Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3680, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - John M Morton
- Stanford University, Department of General Surgery, Section of Bariatric and Minimally Invasive (BMI) Surgery, 300 Pasteur Drive, H3680, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bozec A, Bakiri L, Jimenez M, Rosen ED, Catalá-Lehnen P, Schinke T, Schett G, Amling M, Wagner EF. Osteoblast-specific expression of Fra-2/AP-1 controls adiponectin and osteocalcin expression and affects metabolism. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5432-40. [PMID: 24046454 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that the skeleton functions as an endocrine organ affecting metabolism through the osteoblast-derived hormone osteocalcin (Ocn). However, it is not fully understood how many transcription factors expressed in osteoblasts regulate the endocrine function. Here, we show that mice with osteoblast-specific deletion of Fra-2 (Fosl2) have low bone mass but increased body weight. In contrast, transgenic expression of Fra-2 in osteoblasts leads to increased bone mass and decreased body weight accompanied by reduced serum glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, mice lacking Fra-2 have reduced levels of circulating Ocn, but high adiponectin (Adipoq), whereas Fra-2 transgenic mice exhibit high Ocn and low Adipoq levels. Moreover, we found that Adipoq was expressed in osteoblasts and that this expression was transcriptionally repressed by Fra-2. These results demonstrate that Fra-2 expression in osteoblasts represents a novel paradigm for a transcription factor controlling the endocrine function of the skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bozec
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, F-BBVA-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Rosa A, Monaco ML, Capasso M, Forestieri P, Pilone V, Nardelli C, Buono P, Daniele A. Adiponectin oligomers as potential indicators of adipose tissue improvement in obese subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:37-43. [PMID: 23612446 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that exerts beneficial effects on obesity and related disorders by two receptors (ADIPORs). Adiponectin is produced as a monomer that circulates in serum as different oligomers. The oligomerization state and the tissue expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs are linked to its biological activities. In this study, the levels of total adiponectin and its oligomers were evaluated in relation to obesity and surgical weight loss. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs was analyzed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese patients. DESIGN AND METHODS In 25 obese patients and 44 age- and sex-matched controls, the serum levels of adiponectin and its oligomers were measured and compared by ELISA, western blotting, and gel filtration. The expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs in both adipose tissues was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The amount of each adiponectin oligomer, including the monomer, increases after weight loss. The reduced circulating levels of adiponectin and its oligomers are not associated with the adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in patients, adiposity is associated with the serum concentrations of adiponectin and its oligomers but not with adipose tissue depot-specific expression of adiponectin and ADIPORs. In particular, the increase in adiponectin monomer levels could probably be related to the improvement of the whole-body energy metabolism then being involved in the improvement of adipose tissue function after weight loss. This work indicates the importance of assessing the whole adiponectin oligomeric profile as further potential indicators of adipose tissue functions in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna De Rosa
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tishinsky JM, Dyck DJ, Robinson LE. Lifestyle factors increasing adiponectin synthesis and secretion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:1-30. [PMID: 23017710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine released from adipose tissue that is known to exert insulin-sensitizing effects in skeletal muscle and liver. Given that the secretion of adiponectin is impaired in obesity and related pathologies, strategies to enhance its synthesis and secretion are of interest. There is evidence that several lifestyle factors, including consumption of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA, TZD administration, and weight loss can increase adiponectin synthesis and secretion. The effect of chronic exercise, independent of weight loss, is variable and less convincing. Potential mechanisms by which such lifestyle factors exert their favorable effects on adiponectin include activation of PPARγ and AMPK, regulation of posttranslational modifications, and changes in adipose tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. As a clear role for adiponectin in mitigating obesity-related impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity is evident, further research investigating factors that enhance adiponectin synthesis and secretion is distinctly warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serum leptin levels are inversely correlated with omental gene expression of adiponectin and markedly decreased after gastric bypass surgery. Surg Endosc 2011; 26:1476-80. [PMID: 22179449 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-011-2059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is the most abundant endocrine tissue in the body, producing leptin, a hormone important in regulating hunger, and adiponectin, a hormone involved in insulin sensitivity and inflammation. This study aimed to assess the impact of gastric bypass surgery (GBS) on leptin levels and its relation to the adipose tissue expression of adiponectin. METHODS Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue and serum were obtained from 40 obese patients undergoing GBS, from 13 patients 1 year or more after GBS, and from 16 non-obese individuals with a body mass index of 20 to 29 kg/m(2). Adiponectin gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the gene expression was normalized for the GAPDH gene. Serum leptin and adiponectin were measured by a high-sensitivity enzymatic assay. RESULTS Leptin levels were significantly lower in the post-GBS patients (19.8 ± 6.7) than in the pre-GBS patients (59.0 ± 5.1; P = 0.0001), and similar to those in the non-obese control subjects (18.2 ± 4; P = 0.8). Univariate analysis showed an inverse correlation between serum leptin levels and omental adiponectin gene expression (r = -0.32; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gastric bypass surgery results in resolution of the leptin resistance status that characterizes obese subjects. The study also demonstrated a significant correlation between leptin and adiponectin. This correlation provides preliminary evidence for studying a potential adiponectin-leptin cross-talking that may represent one of the physiologic pathways responsible for the regulation of food intake in humans.
Collapse
|
13
|
Metabolic surgery-principles and current concepts. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396:949-72. [PMID: 21870176 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-011-0834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the almost six decades of bariatric surgery, a variety of surgical approaches to treating morbid obesity have been developed. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION Rather than prior techniques being continually superseded by new ones, a broad choice of surgical solutions based on restrictive, malabsorptive, humoral effects, or combinations thereof, is now available. In fact, in recent years, the advent of surgically modifying human metabolism promises new approaches to ameliorate traditionally medically treated metabolic entities, i.e., diabetes, even in the non-obese. The understanding of the various metabolic effects have led to a paradigm shift from bariatric surgery as a solely weight-reducing procedure to metabolic surgery affecting whole body metabolism. CONCLUSION The bariatric surgeon now faces the challenge and opportunity of selecting the most suitable technique for each individual case. To assist in such decision-making, this review, Metabolic surgery-principles and current concepts, is presented, tracing the historical development; describing the various surgical techniques; elucidating the mechanisms by which glycemic control can be achieved that involve favorable changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, gut hormones, adipokines, energy expenditure, appetite, and preference for low glycemic index foods; as well as exploring the fascinating future potential of this new interdisciplinary field.
Collapse
|
14
|
Montonen J, Boeing H, Schleicher E, Fritsche A, Pischon T. Association of changes in body mass index during earlier adulthood and later adulthood with circulating obesity biomarker concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1676-83. [PMID: 21468642 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The objective of our study was to investigate whether changes in BMI during earlier adulthood are more strongly associated with levels of circulating obesity biomarkers in middle age than are BMI changes during later adulthood. METHODS The study included 1,612 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. The associations of BMI changes based on recalled BMI for the age ranges 25-40 years (earlier adulthood) and 40-55 years (later adulthood) with later biomarker levels were compared using a linear model, adjusted for BMI at age 25 years and conventional risk factors. RESULTS BMI changes during both time periods as well as BMI at age 25 years were significantly associated with circulating levels of adiponectin, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in both sexes, and of HbA(1c) in women. However, BMI gain for the age range 25-40 years was significantly more strongly associated with unfavourable levels of adiponectin, hs-CRP, HDL-C and HbA(1c) in men and women, and of GGT and ALT in men (p difference <0.05) than BMI gain for the age range 40-55 years. The percentage change in biomarker levels per unit gain in BMI for the age range 25-40 years ranged from 0.81% (HbA(1c)) to 9.80% (hs-CRP) in men, and from 0.75% (HbA(1c)) to 14.7% (hs-CRP) in women, whereas for the age range 40-55 years, values ranged from -0.15% to 4.82% in men and from 0.25% to 7.06% in women. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results support the hypothesis that an increase in BMI in earlier adulthood is more strongly associated with unfavourable circulating levels of obesity biomarkers later in life than is an increase in BMI in later adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Montonen
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Briggs DB, Giron RM, Malinowski PR, Nuñez M, Tsao TS. Role of redox environment on the oligomerization of higher molecular weight adiponectin. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:24. [PMID: 21600065 PMCID: PMC3117782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory actions. The assembly of trimeric, hexameric, and higher molecular weight (HMW) species of adiponectin is a topic of significant interest because physiological actions of adiponectin are oligomer-specific. In addition, adiponectin assembly is an example of oxidative oligomerization of multi-subunit protein complexes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Results We previously reported that trimers assemble into HMW adiponectin via intermediates stabilized by disulfide bonds, and complete oxidation of available cysteines locks adiponectin in hexameric conformation. In this study, we examined the effects of redox environment on the rate of oligomer formation and the distribution of oligomers. Reassembly of adiponectin under oxidizing conditions accelerated disulfide bonding but favored formation of hexamers over the HMW species. Increased ratios of HMW to hexameric adiponectin could be achieved rapidly under oxidizing conditions by promoting disulfide rearrangement. Conclusions Based upon these observations, we propose oxidative assembly of multi-subunit adiponectin complexes in a defined and stable redox environment is favored under oxidizing conditions coupled with high rates of disulfide rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai F, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Geng D, Liu J. Adiponectin Downregulates Hyperglycemia and Reduces Pancreatic Islet Apoptosis After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery. Obes Surg 2011; 21:768-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
Harvey EJ, Arroyo K, Korner J, Inabnet WB. Hormone Changes Affecting Energy Homeostasis after Metabolic Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:446-65. [DOI: 10.1002/msj.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Adipokine update – neue Moleküle, neue Funktionen. Wien Med Wochenschr 2010; 160:377-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-010-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Ress C, Tschoner A, Engl J, Klaus A, Tilg H, Ebenbichler CF, Patsch JR, Kaser S. Effect of bariatric surgery on circulating chemerin levels. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:277-80. [PMID: 20105226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical inflammation in obesity is critical for development of several obesity-associated disorders. We set out to investigate the effect of pronounced weight loss on circulating chemerin levels, a chemoattractant protein that also influences adipose cell function by paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were tested before and on an average of 18 months after gastric banding or gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery was accompanied by improvements in parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism and increased adiponectin levels. Chemoattractant chemerin significantly decreased from 175.91 +/- 24.50 to 145.53 +/- 26.44 ng mL(-1) after bariatric surgery (P < or = 0.01). Concomitantly, hs-CRP as a marker of subclinical inflammation was significantly reduced after weight reduction (P < or = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that weight-loss induced reduction in circulating chemerin might in conjunction with other factors be associated with diminished recruitment of macrophages in adipose tissue and reduction of subclinical inflammation, which again could partly explain beneficial long-term effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ress
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Butner KL, Nickols-Richardson SM, Clark SF, Ramp WK, Herbert WG. A review of weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs restrictive bariatric surgery: impact on adiponectin and insulin. Obes Surg 2010; 20:559-68. [PMID: 20177811 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is a common procedure often used to ameliorate comorbidities associated with obesity, including type 2 diabetes. Substantial weight loss leads to alterations in inflammation and insulin sensitivity as well as numerous metabolic and physiologic pathways. Several inflammatory markers have been evaluated, yet adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, has not been fully investigated. Adiponectin may play a key role as a mediator between obesity and inflammation, as lower blood levels are more commonly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes and because adiponectin lessens insulin resistance. This review evaluates outcome variables from patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or restrictive bariatric surgery to compare and contrast any differential surgical impacts on weight loss, adiponectin, and insulin. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using a PubMed search. Published studies from 1999 to 2009 that measured blood levels of adiponectin and insulin in bariatric surgery patients prior to and at least 6 months after surgery were included. RESULTS Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria for evaluation. RYGB surgery compared to restrictive surgery led to significantly greater weight loss and improvements in adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. Despite significant weight loss, many patients did not achieve "healthy" body mass index or normalization of inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS While RYGB surgery appears to more favorably influence body weight and inflammatory markers, data are insufficient to fully understand the impact of bariatric surgery on changes in adiponectin and insulin and related health implications. Long-term research is needed to more thoroughly evaluate inflammatory outcomes following these two bariatric surgery procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Butner
- Laboratory for Health and Exercise Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 231-A War Memorial Hall 0351, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Christiansen T, Paulsen SK, Bruun JM, Ploug T, Pedersen SB, Richelsen B. Diet-induced weight loss and exercise alone and in combination enhance the expression of adiponectin receptors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, but only diet-induced weight loss enhanced circulating adiponectin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:911-9. [PMID: 19996310 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of weight loss and exercise independently and in combination on circulating levels of adiponectin including low molecular weight, medium molecular weight, and high molecular weight adiponectin and expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) in adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM). DESIGN AND METHODS Seventy-nine obese males and females were randomized into the following: 1) exercise only (12 wk of exercise without diet restriction); 2) hypocaloric diet [8 wk of very low energy diet (600 kcal/d) followed by 4 wk with a weight maintenance diet]; and 3) hypocaloric diet and exercise (DEX; 8 wk very low energy diet 800 kcal/d followed by 4 wk weight maintenance diet combined with exercise throughout the 12 wk). Blood samples and biopsies from sc abdominal AT and SM were collected at baseline and after 12 wk. The molecular subforms of adiponectin in serum were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA expression of AdipoR1 and -2 in SM was increased significantly in the exercise-only and DEX groups (both P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of adiponectin and AdipoRs in AT was increased significantly in all three groups (all P < 0.01), whereas serum total circulating adiponectin was significantly increased only in the DEX and hypocaloric diet groups (both P < 0.01). All the adiponectin subforms changed in a similar manner as total adiponectin, indicating no specific regulation of any of the subforms by the intervention. CONCLUSION Exercise alone and in combination with a diet-induced weight loss enhance the mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors in AT and in SM but only a pronounced hypocaloric-induced weight-loss increases circulating adiponectin in obese subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Christiansen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology C, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage Hansensgade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Briggs DB, Jones CM, Mashalidis EH, Nuñez M, Hausrath AC, Wysocki VH, Tsao TS. Disulfide-dependent self-assembly of adiponectin octadecamers from trimers and presence of stable octadecameric adiponectin lacking disulfide bonds in vitro. Biochemistry 2010; 48:12345-57. [PMID: 19943704 DOI: 10.1021/bi9015555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a circulating insulin-sensitizing hormone that homooligomerizes into trimers, hexamers, and higher molecular weight (HMW) species. Low levels of circulating HMW adiponectin appear to increase the risk for insulin resistance. Currently, assembly of adiponectin oligomers and, consequently, mechanisms responsible for decreased HMW adiponectin in insulin resistance are not well understood. In the work reported here, we analyzed the reassembly of the most abundant HMW adiponectin species, the octadecamer, following its collapse to smaller oligomers in vitro. Purified bovine serum adiponectin octadecamer was treated with reducing agents at pH 5 to obtain trimers. These reduced trimers partially and spontaneously reassembled into octadecamers upon oxidative formation of disulfide bonds. Disulfide bonds appear to occupy a greater role in the process of oligomerization than in the structural stabilization of mature octadecamer. Stable octadecamers lacking virtually all disulfide bonds could be observed in abundance using native gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and collision-induced dissociation nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These findings indicate that while disulfide bonds help to maintain the mature octadecameric adiponectin structure, their more important function is to stabilize intermediates during the assembly of octadecamer. Adiponectin oligomerization must proceed through intermediates that are at least partially reduced. Accordingly, fully oxidized adiponectin hexamers failed to reassemble into octadecamers at a rate comparable to that of reduced trimers. As the findings from the present study are based on in vitro experiments, their in vivo relevance remains unclear. Nevertheless, they describe a redox environment-dependent model of adiponectin oligomerization that can be tested using cell-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Briggs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sturm W, Tschoner A, Engl J, Kaser S, Laimer M, Ciardi C, Klaus A, Weiss H, Sandhofer A, Patsch JR, Ebenbichler CF. Effect of bariatric surgery on both functional and structural measures of premature atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2038-43. [PMID: 19502233 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To bridge the beneficial metabolic effects of pronounced weight loss on one side and the data on morbidity and mortality on the other side, we investigated the impact of profound weight loss on structural and functional markers of early atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-seven obese adults were examined before and 18 months after bariatric surgery. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-mediated dilation, and abdominal fat distribution were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound. Surgery resulted in a body mass index decrease of 9.1 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2) with concomitant improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism. Carotid intima-media thickness diminished from 0.56 +/- 0.09 to 0.53 +/- 0.08 mm (n = 37; P = 0.004). Flow-mediated dilation improved from 5.81 +/- 3.25 to 9.01 +/- 2.93% (n = 25; P < 0.001). Both CIMT and FMD were associated with intra-abdominal fat diameter. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate that bariatric surgery-induced diminution of visceral fat improves both functional and structural markers of early atherosclerosis, providing a link between the weight loss-associated improvements of traditional and non-traditional risk factors and the reduced long-term morbidity and mortality after bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sturm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chang LC, Huang KC, Wu YW, Kao HL, Chen CL, Lai LP, Hwang JJ, Yang WS. The Clinical Implications of Blood Adiponectin in Cardiometabolic Disorders. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108:353-66. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
25
|
High-molecular-weight adiponectin does not predict cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Transl Res 2009; 153:199-203. [PMID: 19304279 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin might be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HMW adiponectin and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. The investigation took place in a specialized outpatient clinic for metabolic diseases and included 147 patients with T2DM following a cross-sectional and a prospective study protocol. Ninety patients had macrovascular disease at baseline defined as preexisting coronary artery disease, previous stroke, or peripheral artery disease. HMW adiponectin measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan) and routine clinical parameters were determined in all patients at baseline. The occurrence of new cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality) during the follow-up period was evaluated. No significant correlations between traditional cardiovascular risk markers and HMW adiponectin could be detected. HMW adiponectin did not differ between subjects with and without macrovascular disease at baseline (3.5 [interquartile range [IQR]: 2.2-5.7] mg/L vs 4.0 [IQR: 2.5-7.1] mg/L). During a follow-up of 19.3 (IQR: 16-25) months, 61 endpoints (41 myocardial infarctions, 10 strokes, and 10 deaths) were observed. A 1-standard-deviation increment of log-transformed HMW adiponectin was not significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events (Adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-1.54; P = 0.835). In conclusion, HMW adiponectin was not related to present macrovascular disease and is not associated with future cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with T2DM. It is unlikely that HMW adiponectin has significant vasoprotective effects in these patients.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mazaki-Tovi S, Romero R, Kusanovic JP, Erez O, Vaisbuch E, Gotsch F, Mittal P, Than GN, Nhan-Chang C, Chaiworapongsa T, Edwin S, Camacho N, Nien JK, Hassan SS. Adiponectin multimers in maternal plasma. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 21:796-815. [PMID: 19031276 DOI: 10.1080/14767050802266881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic adipokine that circulates in oligomeric complexes including: low molecular weight (LMW) trimers, medium molecular weight (MMW) hexamers, and high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in adiponectin multimers in pregnancy and as a function of maternal weight. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, plasma concentrations of total, HMW, MMW, and LMW adiponectin were determined in women included in three groups: (1) normal pregnant women of normal body mass index (BMI) (n = 466), (2) overweight pregnant women (BMI >or=25; n = 257), and (3) non-pregnant women of normal weight (n = 40). Blood samples were collected once from each woman between 11 and 42 weeks of gestation. Plasma adiponectin multimer concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS (1) The median HMW adiponectin concentration and the median HMW/total adiponectin ratio were significantly higher, and the median LMW adiponectin concentration was significantly lower in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women. (2) Among pregnant women, the median plasma concentration of total, HMW, and MMW adiponectin was significantly higher in normal weight women than in overweight patients. (3) Maternal HMW was the most prevalent adiponectin multimer regardless of gestational age or BMI status. (4) There were no significant differences in the median concentration of total, MMW, and LMW adiponectin and their relative distribution with advancing gestation. CONCLUSION Human pregnancy is characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin multimers, especially the most active isoform, HMW adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Savu MK, Phillips SA, Oh DK, Park K, Gerlan C, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR. Response of adiponectin and its receptors to changes in metabolic state after gastric bypass surgery: dissociation between adipose tissue expression and circulating levels. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2009; 5:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
28
|
Beige J, Heipmann K, Stumvoll M, Körner A, Kratzsch J. Paradoxical role for adiponectin in chronic renal diseases? An example of reverse epidemiology. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 13:163-73. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220802658481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
29
|
Tschoner A, Sturm W, Engl J, Kaser S, Laimer M, Laimer E, Weiss H, Patsch JR, Ebenbichler CF. Retinol-binding protein 4, visceral fat, and the metabolic syndrome: effects of weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2439-44. [PMID: 18719670 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) has been reported to be associated with visceral-fat accumulation and parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we investigated the relationship between RBP-4, visceral fat, and the MetS during pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery. Thirty-six subjects were examined before and 2 years after surgery. Abdominal-fat distribution was determined by ultrasound, metabolic parameters, and serum RBP-4 levels by standard methods. After surgery BMI decreased by 9.07 kg/m(2), visceral-fat diameter (VFD) decreased by 60.6%, and RBP-4 serum levels by 16.6%. Change of RBP-4 levels was associated with reductions of waist (r = 0.364, P = 0.037), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.415, P = 0.016), and VFD (r = 0.425, P = 0.010). MetS, as defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), was present in 19 patients at baseline and in nine patients at follow-up. Change in RBP-4 levels was the best predictor for the diagnosis of MetS at follow-up. In the subgroup without MetS at baseline, the decrease in RBP-4 levels (-28.1% vs. -6.3%, P = 0.020) and reduction in VFD (-66.9% vs. -55.0%, P = 0.038) were significantly greater compared to the subgroup with MetS. We demonstrate a marked decrease of RBP-4 levels after bariatric surgery, which correlates with reduction in visceral-fat mass. Furthermore, the extent of changes in RBP-4 levels differs according to the severity of the MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tschoner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rogers PM, Mashtalir N, Rathod MA, Dubuisson O, Wang Z, Dasuri K, Babin S, Gupta A, Markward N, Cefalu WT, Dhurandhar NV. Metabolically favorable remodeling of human adipose tissue by human adenovirus type 36. Diabetes 2008; 57:2321-31. [PMID: 18599527 PMCID: PMC2518483 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental infection of rats with human adenovirus type 36 (Ad-36) promotes adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity in a manner reminiscent of the pharmacologic effect of thiozolinediones. To exploit the potential of the viral proteins as a therapeutic target for treating insulin resistance, this study investigated the ability of Ad-36 to induce metabolically favorable changes in human adipose tissue. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We determined whether Ad-36 increases glucose uptake in human adipose tissue explants. Cell-signaling pathways targeted by Ad-36 to increase glucose uptake were determined in the explants and human adipose-derived stem cells. Ad-2, a nonadipogenic human adenovirus, was used as a negative control. As a proof of concept, nondiabetic and diabetic subjects were screened for the presence of Ad-36 antibodies to ascertain if natural Ad-36 infection predicted improved glycemic control. RESULTS Ad-36 increased glucose uptake by adipose tissue explants obtained from nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Without insulin stimulation, Ad-36 upregulated expressions of several proadipogenic genes, adiponectin, and fatty acid synthase and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in a phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. In turn, the activation of PI3K by Ad-36 was independent of insulin receptor signaling but dependent on Ras signaling recruited by Ad-36. Ad-2 was nonadipogenic and did not increase glucose uptake. Natural Ad-36 infection in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects was associated with significantly lower fasting glucose levels and A1C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ad-36 proteins may provide novel therapeutic targets that remodel human adipose tissue to a more metabolically favorable profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Rogers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nazar Mashtalir
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Miloni A. Rathod
- Department of Nutrition, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Olga Dubuisson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Zhong Wang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kumar Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Babin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alok Gupta
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nathan Markward
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - William T. Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nikhil V. Dhurandhar
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kasim-Karakas SE, Almario RU, Cunningham W. Effects of protein versus simple sugar intake on weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome (according to the National Institutes of Health criteria). Fertil Steril 2008; 92:262-70. [PMID: 18691705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of protein vs. simple sugars on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic and endocrine parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN A 2-month, free-living, randomized, single-blinded study. SETTING University PCOS clinic. PATIENT(S) Thirty-three patients with PCOS. INTERVENTION(S) To achieve a final energy reduction of 450 kcal/day, first the daily energy intake was reduced by 700 kcal; then a 240-kcal supplement containing either whey protein or simple sugars was added. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in weight, fat mass, fasting glucose and insulin, plasma lipoproteins, and sex steroids. RESULT(S) Twenty-four subjects (13 in the simple sugars group and 11 in the protein group) completed the study. The protein group lost more weight (-3.3 +/- 0.8 kg vs. -1.1 +/- 0.6 kg) and more fat mass (-3.1 +/- 0.9 kg vs. -0.5 +/- 0.6 kg) and had larger decreases in serum cholesterol (-33.0 +/- 8.4 mg/dL vs. -2.3 +/- 6.8 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-4.5 +/- 1.3 mg/dL vs. -0.4 +/- 1.3 mg/dL), and apoprotein B (-20 +/- 5 mg/dL vs. 3 +/- 5 mg/dL). CONCLUSION(S) In patients with PCOS, a hypocaloric diet supplemented with protein reduced body weight, fat mass, serum cholesterol, and apoprotein B more than the diet supplemented with simple sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidika E Kasim-Karakas
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of California-Davis, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Engl J, Ciardi C, Tatarczyk T, Kaser S, Laimer M, Laimer E, Weiss H, Aigner F, Molnar C, Tilg H, Patsch JR, Ebenbichler CF. A-FABP--a biomarker associated with the metabolic syndrome and/or an indicator of weight change? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1838-42. [PMID: 18535557 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a plasma biomarker recently associated with the metabolic syndrome. The aim of these studies was to investigate changes of A-FABP during profound weight loss induced by laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS AND PROCEDURES In study one, 29 severely obese female subjects were examined before and 1 year after surgical treatment. A subgroup of 10 patients was investigated in 3-month intervals. Metabolic parameters were determined using standard methods, and A-FABP was detected using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Mean weight loss after 1 year was 24.9 kg (P < 0.001), mainly due to a decrease in fat mass. Metabolic parameters improved substantially. However, serum A-FABP remained stable. In study two, a subgroup of 10 patients was examined quarterly to determine the time course of A-FABP changes. Quarterly measurements of serum A-FABP were significantly higher than baseline levels with the highest A-FABP value after the first 3 months, where patients had highest weight loss. DISCUSSION Our results in study one show that A-FABP serum levels are positively associated with body weight and fat mass. However, 1 year after pronounced weight loss A-FABP levels remained unchanged. In study two, time course analyses revealed maximum increase of serum A-FABP in parallel to highest weight loss, which allows to suppose that A-FABP is not only a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome in the steady state, but also a marker of weight changes in dynamic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Engl
- Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Engl J, Sturm W, Sandhofer A, Kaser S, Tschoner A, Tatarczyk T, Weiss H, Tilg H, Patsch JR, Ebenbichler CF. Effect of pronounced weight loss on visceral fat, liver steatosis and adiponectin isoforms. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:238-44. [PMID: 18312420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery is an effective method to reverse obesity and comorbidities. The aim of this prospective weight loss study was to investigate changes of body fat distribution in relation to adiponectin and its isoforms and further to investigate the influence of both body fat distribution and adiponectin on the degree of liver steatosis. DESIGN Fifteen severely obese female patients (body mass index 43.1 +/- 4.1, mean age 34.5 +/- 8.6 years) were examined before and after surgical treatment. Grading of fatty liver disease and the subcutaneous and visceral fat diameters were determined by abdominal ultrasonography. Metabolic parameters were determined using standard methods; serum total adiponectin and its isoforms were detected by enzyme immuno assay (EIA). RESULTS Mean weight loss was 28.3 kg, which was mostly due to a loss in fat mass, accompanied by an increase in total adiponectin and the high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin isoform. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) diameter was highly correlated with liver steatosis, even more strongly than the parameters of liver function. In addition, liver steatosis correlated negatively with HMW adiponectin and binary logistic regression revealed that changes in fat mass, HMW adiponectin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were the best predictors for changes in the degree of hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that circulating HMW adiponectin is associated with both VAT and liver steatosis. In summary, the major findings were that the VAT diameter is highly correlated with liver steatosis, even stronger than the parameters of liver function and the association of HMW adiponectin with liver steatosis was better than with total adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Role of adiponectin and PBEF/visfatin as regulators of inflammation: involvement in obesity-associated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:275-88. [PMID: 18194136 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related disorders play an important role in clinical medicine. Adipose tissue, with its soluble mediators called adipocytokines, has emerged as a major endocrine organ. These adipocytokines comprise many mediators such as adiponectin, PBEF (pre-B-cell-enhancing factor)/visfatin, leptin, resistin, retinol-binding protein-4 and others. They play major roles in key aspects of metabolism, such as insulin resistance, fatty acid oxidation, inflammation and immunity. Adiponectin, a prototypic adipocytokine, is of importance in the regulation of insulin resistance, as circulating levels are decreased in obesity and diseases associated with insulin resistance. Besides its major role in regulation of insulin sensitivity, recent evidence suggests potent anti-inflammatory functions for adiponectin. These effects are paralleled by other immune-regulatory properties, such as regulation of endothelial cell function. The in vitro effects of adiponectin have been corroborated by several studies demonstrating potent in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. Many other adipocytokines, such as PBEF/visfatin, leptin, resistin or retinol binding protein-4, are involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of adipocytes, adipose tissue and related diseases. PBEF/visfatin, another recently characterized adipocytokine, has been linked to several inflammatory disease states beyond insulin resistance, such as acute lung injury or inflammatory bowel diseases. It has been recognized for many decades that obesity is accompanied by an increase in cancer and potentially some immune-mediated diseases. Understanding this new exciting world of adipocytokines will be of importance in the development of novel therapies for obesity-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adiponectin has potent antidiabetic and antiatherosclerotic actions. Recent studies in animals and humans suggest that the high-molecular weight adiponectin complex, consisting of many adiponectin monomers, is the biologically active form of the peptide. This article will present recent methodological approaches for analyzing adiponectin isoform distribution. RECENT FINDINGS A handful of methods have been used for the isolation and measurement of high-molecular weight adiponectin, based on velocity gradient centrifugation, gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Recently, two novel sandwich enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays have been developed. The first makes use of antibodies raised against human high-molecular weight adiponectin and thus allows for the specific determination of high-molecular weight adiponectin in plasma. The second and more versatile enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay system enables the measurement of all adiponectin isoforms (i.e. low, middle and high-molecular weight) by means of selective digestion by proteases. SUMMARY The development and commercial availability of novel enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay kits enables the easy and rapid measurement of high-molecular weight adiponectin in both research and clinical practice and will undoubtedly advance further our understanding of the role of adiponectin in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Iqbal O. Endocannabinoid system and pathophysiology of adipogenesis: current management of obesity. Per Med 2007; 4:307-319. [DOI: 10.2217/17410541.4.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids are now known as novel and important regulators of energy metabolism and homeostasis. The endocrine functions of white adipose are chiefly involved in the control of whole-body metabolism, insulin sensitivity and food intake. Adipocytes produce hormones, such as leptin and adiponectin, that can improve insulin resistance or peptides, such as TNF-α, that elicit insulin resistance. Adipocytes express specific receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, which serve as adipocyte targets for insulin sensitizers such as thiazolidinediones. Recently, endocannabinoids and related compounds were identified in human fat cells. The endocannabinoid system consists primarily of two receptors, cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2, their endogenous ligands termed endocannabinoids and the enzymes responsible for ligand biosynthesis and degradation. The endocannabinoids 2-arachidonylglycerol and anandamide or N-arachidonoylethanolamine increase food intake and promote weight gain in animals. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 blocker, reduces food intake and body weight in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Iqbal
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|