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Easton ZJW, Sarr O, Zhao L, Buzatto AZ, Luo X, Zhao S, Li L, Regnault TRH. An Integrated Multi-OMICS Approach Highlights Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Impact BeWo Trophoblast Metabolism and Lipid Processing. Metabolites 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 37623828 PMCID: PMC10456680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are linked with impaired placental function and early onset of non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. Previous studies have highlighted that the dietary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) palmitate (PA) and oleate (OA), key dietary metabolites associated with maternal obesity and GDM, are potential modulators of placental lipid processing. Using the BeWo cell line model, the current study integrated transcriptomic (mRNA microarray), metabolomic, and lipidomic readouts to characterize the underlying impacts of exogenous PA and OA on placental villous trophoblast cell metabolism. Targeted gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography highlighted that saturated and monounsaturated NEFAs differentially impact BeWo cell lipid profiles. Furthermore, cellular lipid profiles differed when exposed to single and multiple NEFA species. Additional multi-omic analyses suggested that PA exposure is associated with enrichment in β-oxidation pathways, while OA exposure is associated with enrichment in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Overall, this study further demonstrated that dietary PA and OA are important regulators of placental lipid metabolism. Encouraging appropriate dietary advice and implementing dietary interventions to maintain appropriate placental function by limiting excessive exposure to saturated NEFAs remain crucial in managing at-risk obese and GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, B2-401 London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13316. [PMID: 36816310 PMCID: PMC9932481 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential energy sources for most body tissues. A fatty acid must be converted to fatty acyl-CoA to oxidize or be incorporated into new lipids. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5) is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane, where it catalyzes the formation of fatty acyl-CoAs from long-chain fatty acids (C16-C20). Fatty acyl-CoAs are then used in lipid synthesis or β-oxidation mediated pathways. ACSL5 plays a pleiotropic role in lipid metabolism depending on substrate preferences, subcellular localization and tissue specificity. Here, we review the role of ACSL5 in fatty acid metabolism in multiple metabolic tissues, including the liver, small intestine, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Given the increasing number of studies suggesting the role of ACSL5 in glucose and lipid metabolism, we also summarized the effects of ACSL5 on circulating lipids and insulin resistance.
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Massidda M, Tocco F, Leźnicka K. The Influence of the Differentiation of Genes Encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Coactivators on Nutrient and Energy Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245378. [PMID: 36558537 PMCID: PMC9782515 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation may occur, especially in relation to the processes of digestion, assimilation, and the physiological utilization of nutrients supplied to the body, as well as the regulation of various metabolic pathways and the balance of metabolic changes, which may consequently affect the effectiveness of applied reduction diets and weight loss after training. There are many well-documented studies showing that the presence of certain polymorphic variants in some genes can be associated with specific changes in nutrient and energy metabolism, and consequently, with more or less desirable effects of applied caloric reduction and/or exercise intervention. This systematic review focused on the role of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their coactivators in nutrient and energy metabolism. The literature review prepared showed that there is a link between the presence of specific alleles described at different polymorphic points in PPAR genes and various human body characteristics that are crucial for the efficacy of nutritional and/or exercise interventions. Genetic analysis can be a valuable element that complements the work of a dietitian or trainer, allowing for the planning of a personalized diet or training that makes the best use of the innate metabolic characteristics of the person who is the subject of their interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Sciences Degree Courses, University of Cagliari, 72-09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Leźnicka
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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Hou T, Tian Y, Cao Z, Zhang J, Feng T, Tao W, Sun H, Wen H, Lu X, Zhu Q, Li M, Lu X, Liu B, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhu WG. Cytoplasmic SIRT6-mediated ACSL5 deacetylation impedes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by facilitating hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4099-4115.e9. [PMID: 36208627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pileggi CA, Blondin DP, Hooks BG, Parmar G, Alecu I, Patten DA, Cuillerier A, O'Dwyer C, Thrush AB, Fullerton MD, Bennett SA, Doucet É, Haman F, Cuperlovic-Culf M, McPherson R, Dent RRM, Harper ME. Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104192. [PMID: 35965199 PMCID: PMC9482931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current paradigms for predicting weight loss in response to energy restriction have general validity but a subset of individuals fail to respond adequately despite documented diet adherence. Patients in the bottom 20% for rate of weight loss following a hypocaloric diet (diet-resistant) have been found to have less type I muscle fibres and lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, leading to the hypothesis that physical exercise may be an effective treatment when diet alone is inadequate. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of exercise training on mitochondrial function in women with obesity with a documented history of minimal diet-induced weight loss. Methods From over 5000 patient records, 228 files were reviewed to identify baseline characteristics of weight loss response from women with obesity who were previously classified in the top or bottom 20% quintiles based on rate of weight loss in the first 6 weeks during which a 900 kcal/day meal replacement was consumed. A subset of 20 women with obesity were identified based on diet-resistance (n=10) and diet sensitivity (n=10) to undergo a 6-week supervised, progressive, combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Findings Diet-sensitive women had lower baseline adiposity, higher fasting insulin and triglycerides, and a greater number of ATP-III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Conversely in diet-resistant women, the exercise intervention improved body composition, skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and metabolism, with minimal effects in diet-sensitive women. In-depth analyses of muscle metabolomes revealed distinct group- and intervention- differences, including lower serine-associated sphingolipid synthesis in diet-resistant women following exercise training. Interpretation Exercise preferentially enhances skeletal muscle metabolism and improves body composition in women with a history of minimal diet-induced weight loss. These clinical and metabolic mechanism insights move the field towards better personalised approaches for the treatment of distinct obesity phenotypes. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR-INMD and FDN-143278; CAN-163902; CIHR PJT-148634).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Breana G Hooks
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Alecu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffany Al Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Haman
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Robert R M Dent
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Yuan X, Cui H, Jin Y, Zhao W, Liu X, Wang Y, Ding J, Liu L, Wen J, Zhao G. Fatty acid metabolism-related genes are associated with flavor-presenting aldehydes in Chinese local chicken. Front Genet 2022; 13:902180. [PMID: 36035160 PMCID: PMC9412053 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes are primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in local Chinese chicken meat and contribute green grass, fatty, citrus, and bitter almond aromas to chicken meat. To understand the genetic basis of these aldehyde VOC aromas, we used approximately 500 Chinese Jingxing Yellow (JXY) chickens to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on the flavor traits with the data of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (INDELs). In total, 501 association variants (253 SNPs and 248 INDELs) were found to be suggestively (SNPs: p-value < 2.77e-06 and INDELs: p-value < 3.78e-05) associated with total aldehydes (the sum of nine aldehydes), hexanal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, octanal, (E)-2-decenal, nonanal, decanal, and octadecanal. Of them, six SNPs and 23 INDELs reached a genome-wide significance level (SNPs: p-value < 1.38e-07 and INDELs: p-value < 1.89e-06). Potential candidate aldehyde genes were functionally annotated for lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid-related pathways and phospholipid-related gene ontology (GO) terms. Moreover, the GWAS analysis of total aldehydes, hexanal, and nonanal generated the most significant signals, and phenotypic content differed between different genotypes at candidate gene-related loci. For total aldehydes and hexanal traits, candidate genes were annotated based on the significant and suggestive variants on chromosomes 3 and 8 with highly polymorphic linkage blocks. The following candidate genes were also identified: GALM, MAP4K3, GPCPD1, RPS6KA2, CRLS1, ASAP1, TRMT6, SDC1, PUM2, ALDH9A1, MGST3, GMEB1, MECR, LDLRAP1, GPAM and ACSL5. We also found that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (C18:2n6c linoleic acid and C18:3n3 linolenic acid) were significantly correlated with total aldehydes and hexanal contents. PUFAs are important aldehyde precursors, and consistently, our results suggested that candidate genes involved in fatty acid pathways and phospholipid GO terms were identified in association loci. This work provides an understanding of the genetic basis of aldehyde formation, which is a key flavor-forming compound.
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Godoy-Corchuelo JM, Fernández-Beltrán LC, Ali Z, Gil-Moreno MJ, López-Carbonero JI, Guerrero-Sola A, Larrad-Sainz A, Matias-Guiu J, Matias-Guiu JA, Cunningham TJ, Corrochano S. Lipid Metabolic Alterations in the ALS-FTD Spectrum of Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1105. [PMID: 35625841 PMCID: PMC9138405 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the study of the relation between alterations in systemic lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). In ALS these alterations are well described and evident not only with the progression of the disease but also years before diagnosis. Still, there are some discrepancies in findings relating to the causal nature of lipid metabolic alterations, partly due to the great clinical heterogeneity in ALS. ALS presentation is within a disorder spectrum with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and many patients present mixed forms of ALS and FTD, thus increasing the variability. Lipid metabolic and other systemic metabolic alterations have not been well studied in FTD, or in ALS-FTD mixed forms, as has been in pure ALS. With the recent development in lipidomics and the integration with other -omics platforms, there is now emerging data that not only facilitates the identification of biomarkers but also enables understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms. Here, we reviewed the recent literature to compile lipid metabolic alterations in ALS, FTD, and intermediate mixed forms, with a view to appraising key commonalities or differences within the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Godoy-Corchuelo
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Luis C. Fernández-Beltrán
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Zeinab Ali
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (Z.A.); (T.J.C.)
| | - María J. Gil-Moreno
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan I. López-Carbonero
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Angélica Larrad-Sainz
- Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Jordi A. Matias-Guiu
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Thomas J. Cunningham
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (Z.A.); (T.J.C.)
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Silvia Corrochano
- Neurological Disorders Group, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.G.-C.); (L.C.F.-B.); (M.J.G.-M.); (J.I.L.-C.); (A.G.-S.); (J.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.)
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Valeeva FV, Medvedeva MS, Khasanova KB, Valeeva EV, Kiseleva TA, Egorova ES, Pickering C, Ahmetov II. Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4217-4224. [PMID: 35292917 PMCID: PMC9262768 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146. Knowledge of the association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, and TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7 ± 14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphisms were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.46, p = 0.05 and OR = 2.47, p = 0.006, respectively). PPARG CC homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R TT homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida V Valeeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mariya S Medvedeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Valeeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Kazan Federal (Volga Region) University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Kiseleva
- Department of Endocrinology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. .,Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia. .,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Quan J, Bode AM, Luo X. ACSL family: The regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications in cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174397. [PMID: 34332918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is associated with the development of cancer. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthases (ACSLs) are responsible for activating long-chain FAs and are frequently deregulated in cancers. Among the five mammalian ACSL family members, ACSL1 is involved in the TNFα-mediated pro-inflammatory phenotype and mainly facilitates cancer progression. ACSL3 is an androgen-responsive gene. High ACSL3 expression has been detected in a variety of cancers, including melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and correlates with worse prognosis of patients with these diseases. ACSL4 can exert opposing roles acting as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene depending on the specific cancer type and tissue environment. Moreover, ACSL4 behaves as a crucial regulator in ferroptosis that is defined as a cell death process caused by iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids. ACSL5 is nuclear-coded and expressed in the mitochondria and physiologically participates in the pro-apoptotic sensing of cells. ACSL5 mainly acts as a tumor suppressor in cancers. ACSL6 downregulation has been observed in many forms of cancers, except in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we address the differential regulatory mechanisms of the ACSL family members as well as their functions in carcinogenesis. Moreover, we enumerate the clinical therapeutic implications of ACSLs, which might serve as valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Dent R, McPherson R, Harper ME. Factors affecting weight loss variability in obesity. Metabolism 2020; 113:154388. [PMID: 33035570 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current obesity treatment strategies include diet, exercise, bariatric surgery, and a limited but growing repertoire of medications. Individual weight loss in response to each of these strategies is highly variable. Here we review research into factors potentially contributing to inter-individual variability in response to treatments for obesity, with a focus on studies in humans. Well-recognized factors associated with weight loss capacity include diet adherence, physical activity, sex, age, and specific medications. However, following control for each of these, differences in weight loss appear to persist in response to behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions. Adaptation to energy deficit involves complex feedback mechanisms, and inter-individual differences likely to arise from a host of poorly defined genetic factors, as well as differential responses in neurohormonal mechanisms (including gastrointestinal peptides), metabolic efficiency and capacity of tissues, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, thermogenic response to food, and in gut microbiome. A better understanding of the factors involved in inter-individual variability in response to therapies will guide more personalized approaches to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 210 Melrose Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4K7, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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11
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Molecular Links between Caloric Restriction and Circadian Rhythm. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113476. [PMID: 33198317 PMCID: PMC7696073 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm plays a chief role in the adaptation of all bodily processes to internal and environmental changes on the daily basis. Next to light/dark phases, feeding patterns constitute the most essential element entraining daily oscillations, and therefore, timely and appropriate restrictive diets have a great capacity to restore the circadian rhythm. One of the restrictive nutritional approaches, caloric restriction (CR) achieves stunning results in extending health span and life span via coordinated changes in multiple biological functions from the molecular, cellular, to the whole-body levels. The main molecular pathways affected by CR include mTOR, insulin signaling, AMPK, and sirtuins. Members of the family of nuclear receptors, the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ take part in the modulation of these pathways. In this non-systematic review, we describe the molecular interconnection between circadian rhythm, CR-associated pathways, and PPARs. Further, we identify a link between circadian rhythm and the outcomes of CR on the whole-body level including oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Since PPARs contribute to many changes triggered by CR, we discuss the potential involvement of PPARs in bridging CR and circadian rhythm.
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12
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Iacoangeli A, Lin T, Al Khleifat A, Jones AR, Opie-Martin S, Coleman JRI, Shatunov A, Sproviero W, Williams KL, Garton F, Restuadi R, Henders AK, Mather KA, Needham M, Mathers S, Nicholson GA, Rowe DB, Henderson R, McCombe PA, Pamphlett R, Blair IP, Schultz D, Sachdev PS, Newhouse SJ, Proitsi P, Fogh I, Ngo ST, Dobson RJB, Wray NR, Steyn FJ, Al-Chalabi A. Genome-wide Meta-analysis Finds the ACSL5-ZDHHC6 Locus Is Associated with ALS and Links Weight Loss to the Disease Genetics. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108323. [PMID: 33113361 PMCID: PMC7610013 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We meta-analyze amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European and Chinese populations (84,694 individuals). We find an additional significant association between rs58854276 spanning ACSL5-ZDHHC6 with ALS (p = 8.3 × 10-9), with replication in an independent Australian cohort (1,502 individuals; p = 0.037). Moreover, B4GALNT1, G2E3-SCFD1, and TRIP11-ATXN3 are identified using a gene-based analysis. ACSL5 has been associated with rapid weight loss, as has another ALS-associated gene, GPX3. Weight loss is frequent in ALS patients and is associated with shorter survival. We investigate the effect of the ACSL5 and GPX3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), using longitudinal body composition and weight data of 77 patients and 77 controls. In patients' fat-free mass, although not significant, we observe an effect in the expected direction (rs58854276: -2.1 ± 1.3 kg/A allele, p = 0.053; rs3828599: -1.0 ± 1.3 kg/A allele, p = 0.22). No effect was observed in controls. Our findings support the increasing interest in lipid metabolism in ALS and link the disease genetics to weight loss in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Tian Lin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Sarah Opie-Martin
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - William Sproviero
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Sidney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Fleur Garton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Restuadi Restuadi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anjali K Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Merilee Needham
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch Perth WA 6150, Australia; Notre Dame University, 32 Mouat Street, Fremantle WA 6160, Australia; Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Susan Mathers
- Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, Parkdale VIC 3195, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Pamela A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Schultz
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK; King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RS, UK
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13
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O'Brien MJ, Beijerink NJ, Sansom M, Thornton SW, Chew T, Wade CM. A large deletion on CFA28 omitting ACSL5 gene is associated with intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie dog breed. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18223. [PMID: 33106515 PMCID: PMC7589484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions that can disrupt intermediary metabolic pathways and cause defective absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients. In an Australian Kelpie breeding population, 17 puppies presented with intestinal lipid malabsorption. Juvenile dogs exhibited stunted postnatal growth, steatorrhea, abdominal distension and a wiry coat. Using genome-wide association analysis, an associated locus on CFA28 (Praw = 2.87E-06) was discovered and validated in a closely related population (Praw = 1.75E-45). A 103.3 kb deletion NC_006610.3CFA28:g.23380074_23483377del, containing genes Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 5 (ACSL5) and Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Containing 6 (ZDHHC6), was characterised using whole transcriptomic data. Whole transcriptomic sequencing revealed no expression of ACSL5 and disrupted splicing of ZDHHC6 in jejunal tissue of affected Kelpies. The ACSL5 gene plays a key role in long chain fatty acid absorption, a phenotype similar to that of our affected Kelpies has been observed in a knockout mouse model. A PCR-based diagnostic test was developed and confirmed fully penetrant autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We conclude the structural variant causing a deletion of the ACSL5 gene is the most likely cause for intestinal lipid malabsorption in the Australian Kelpie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J O'Brien
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Niek J Beijerink
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutsedijk 8a, 5264 PC, Vught, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Sansom
- Callicoma Kelpies, Grafton, NSW, 2460, Australia
| | - Sarah W Thornton
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Unaffiliated, Los Altos, USA
| | - Tracy Chew
- Sydney Informatic Hub, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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14
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ACYL-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 polymorphism is associated with weight loss and metabolic changes in response to a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:757-762. [PMID: 32686444 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aims:to analyze the effects of the rs2419621 genetic variant of the ACSL5 gene on weight change and metabolic parameters after a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. Methods: this was a non-randomized, single-treatment study with a formula-diet in 44 obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2. Patients received nutritional education and a modified diet with two intakes of a normocaloric hyperproteic formula during 3 months. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical profile were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The rs2419621 variant of the ACSL5 gene was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: T-allele carriers showed greater improvement in body weight (CC vs. CT + TT; -7.4 ± 2.1 kg vs. -9.3 ± 1.8 kg; p = 0.01), body mass index (-3.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2 vs. -3.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2; p = 0.02), fat mass (-5.2 ± 1.4 kg vs. -6.4 ± 1.2 kg; p = 0.01) and waist circumference (-6.1 ± 1.1 cm vs. -8.6 ± 0.8 cm; p = 0.02) than non-T-allele carriers. Only subjects with the T allele showed significant improvement in triglyceride levels (-4.6 ± 2.4 md/dL vs. -14.4 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01). Finally, improvements in insulin (-2.0 ± 0.3 mU/L vs. -4.5 ± 0.5 mU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (-0.4 ± 0.2 units vs. -1.3 ± 0.3 units; p = 0.02) were higher in T-allele carriers than in non-T-allele carriers. Conclusions: our data suggest that the genetic variant (rs2419621) of the ACSL5 gene is associated with diet response after a partial-meal replacement intervention, with greater improvements in adiposity and biochemical parameters in subjects with the T allele.
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15
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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16
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Cardoso GA, Persuhn DC, Ribeiro MD, de Sousa BRV, Sena KDF, de Almeida AEM, Modesto-Filho J, da Silva RSB, Silva AS. Pro12Ala Polymorphism on the PPAR γ2 Gene and Weight Loss After Aerobic Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2020; 11:385. [PMID: 32457643 PMCID: PMC7227424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene in response of a training program on the body composition. Sixty-nine previously inactive men and women (32.8 ± 8.2 years) were genotyped and underwent a 12-week aerobic (running/walking) training program (3–5 sessions, 40 – 60 min per session, and intensity between the aerobic and anaerobic threshold) (experimental group n = 53) or were part of the control group (n = 16). They were tested for aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), abdomen, waist and hip circumferences and nutritional assessment before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was used to verify possible differences in variables between the experimental vs. control groups or Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala groups, and the Chi-squared test was used to verify the distribution of responders and non-responders according to genotype (p < 0.05). Frequencies of 75.5% Pro/Pro (n = 40) and 24.5% Pro/Ala (n = 13) were found, without any occurrence of the recessive homozygote. Body fat reduction was initially confirmed compared to a control group which did not exercise (n = 16; 29.1 ± 8.8 years), so that the exercise group obtained a reduction of −1.3 kg vs. −0.3 kg in the control group (p = 0.03). When they were divided by genotype, there were significant changes in fat mass (−1.3 ± 2.1 kg; p = 0.00), lean mass (0.6 ± 1.5 kg; p = 0.02), fat percentage (−1.3 ± 1.6; p = 0.00), waist circumference (−2.2 ± 2.9 cm; p = 0.00), abdomen circumference (−3.3 ± 3.6 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (−2.7 ± 2.7 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Pro genotypes; and fat mass (−1.1 ± 1.7 kg; p = 0.04), fat percentage (−0.9 ± 1.5; p = 0.04), abdomen circumference (−3.9 ± 3.5 cm; p = 0.00) and hip circumference (−1.8 ± 1.8 cm; p = 0.00) for Pro/Ala genotypes, without any group interaction differences. The Chi squared test revealed no differences in the distribution of responders or non-responders according to genotype. It is concluded that an aerobic training program promotes weight loss, but the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene does not influence the variability of aerobic-induced exercise weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glêbia Alexa Cardoso
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mateus Duarte Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rafael Virgínio de Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (PPGCN/UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Klécia de Farias Sena
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - João Modesto-Filho
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital - HULW-Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Raquel Suelen Brito da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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17
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Chmurzynska A, Muzsik A, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Mądry E, Walkowiak J, Bajerska J. PPARG and FTO polymorphism can modulate the outcomes of a central European diet and a Mediterranean diet in centrally obese postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 2019; 69:94-100. [PMID: 31675538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that polymorphism of genes with the biggest effects on body mass (FTO and PPARG) can affect the results of dieting in centrally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 144 volunteers were randomized to a 16-week intervention with two hypocaloric diets: either a Mediterranean diet (MED) moderate in fat (37% total energy as fat) or the Central European diet (CED) moderate in carbohydrates (55% total energy as carbohydrates). The associations between FTO and PPARG polymorphism on the baseline body mass, body composition, blood pressure, lipid and non-lipid parameters, and their changes after the trial were analyzed. None of the examined baseline outcomes differed in the rs9939609 FTO subgroups; abdominal fat was higher in the minor (G) allele carriers of the PPARG rs1801282. After the intervention, in the CED group, the PPARG G allele carriers showed greater reductions in weight (-6.58 ± 0.61 vs -9.58 ± 0.83; P < .01), lean mass (-0.38 ± 0.29 vs -1.79 ± 0.38; P < .05) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (-0.46 ± 0.77 vs -5.25 ± 1.49; P < .01) than the CC homozygotes, and the TT individuals of the rs9939609 FTO had greater reductions in diastolic blood pressure (-9.03 ± 1.78 vs. -7.58 ± 1.50; P < .05). In the MED group, greater reductions in abdominal fat were observed in the G allele carriers than in the CC homozygotes (-3.31 ± 0.26 vs. -4.23 ± 0.41; P < .05). PPARG and FTO polymorphism may affect the outcomes of the diets aimed at weight reduction in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chmurzynska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Muzsik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Mądry
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- First Subdepartment of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Peng M, He Q, Li S, Li L, Ma H. Integrated analysis of proteomics-delineated and metabolomics-delineated hepatic metabolic responses to (-)-hydroxycitric acid in chick embryos. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1258-1270. [PMID: 30317645 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA] is widely used as a nutritional supplement to control body weight and fat accumulation in animals and humans, whereas the underlying biochemical mechanism is unclear. Broiler chicken was used as a model for studies of obesity due to its natural hyperglycemia and being insulin resistant. The current study aimed to obtain a systematic view of serum metabolites and hepatic proteins and well understand the mechanism of hepatic metabolic response to (-)-HCA treatment in chick embryos. The results showed that 22, 90, and 82 of differentially expressed proteins were identified at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, respectively. Meanwhile, 5, 83, and 88 of serum metabolites significantly changed at E14d, E19d, and H1d in chick embryos after (-)-HCA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the key proteins and metabolites, which were significantly altered in chick embryos treated with (-)-HCA, were mainly involved in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Our data indicated that (-)-HCA treatment might promote fat metabolism via regulating the key protein expression levels and metabolite contents in the citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation during chicken embryonic development. These results will deepen our understanding of the mechanism of fat reduction by (-)-HCA and provide substantial information for (-)-HCA as a nutritional supplement to control body weight gain and curb obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Entezari MH, Salehi R, Kazemi M, Janghorbani M, Kafeshani M. Comparison of the effect of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet with usual dietary advice on expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma gene in women: A randomized controlled clinical trial. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2018; 14:24-31. [PMID: 29942335 PMCID: PMC6011851 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v14i1.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) which controls body weight, glucose homeostasis, and adipocyte differentiation is a valuable candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). The present study aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and usual dietary advice (UDA) on PPAR-γ gene expression in women at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS This randomized controlled trial was performed on 44 women aged 20-50 years at risk for CVD (BMI > 25 kg/m2 and low physical activity). Participants were randomly assigned to the UDA (n = 22) or DASH (n = 22) diets for 12 weeks. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, refined grains and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/day sodium. The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Anthropometric indices and PPAR-γ gene expression were measured and compared between the two groups at the end of the study. RESULTS After the intervention, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) significantly decreased in the DASH group (P < 0.050) but the results showed no significant differences between the two groups. At the end of the trial, PPAR-γ gene expression was significantly different between the UDA and the DASH diet groups (P = 0.040) and this difference remained significant after adjustment for BMI, and physical activity (P = 0.030). CONCLUSION The result of the study showed that the DASH diet significantly decreased the expression of PPAR-γ. This finding was unexpected and future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Associate Professor, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences AND Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasol Salehi
- Associate Professor, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Janghorbani
- Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kafeshani
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences AND Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rajkumar A, Liaghati A, Chan J, Lamothe G, Dent R, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Prud'homme D, Harper ME, Tesson F. ACSL5 genotype influence on fatty acid metabolism: a cellular, tissue, and whole-body study. Metabolism 2018; 83:271-279. [PMID: 29605434 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain 5 (ACSL5) gene's rs2419621 T/C polymorphism was associated with ACSL5 mRNA expression and response to lifestyle interventions. However, the mechanistic understanding of the increased response in T allele carriers is lacking. Study objectives were to investigate the effect of rs2419621 genotype and ACSL5 human protein isoforms on fatty acid oxidation and respiration. METHODS Human ACSL5 overexpression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts was conducted to measure 14C palmitic acid oxidation and protein isoform localization in vitro. 14C palmitic acid oxidation studies and Western blot analysis of ACSL5 proteins were carried out in rectus abdominis primary myotubes from 5 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. In addition, mitochondrial high-resolution respirometry was conducted on vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 4 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between rs2419621 genotype and respiratory quotient related pre- and post-lifestyle intervention measurements in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity. RESULTS In comparison to rs2419621 non-carriers, T allele carriers displayed higher levels of i) 683aa ACSL5 isoform, localized mainly in the mitochondria, playing a greater role in fatty acid oxidation in comparison to the 739aa protein isoform ii) in vitro CO2 production in rectus abdominis primary myotubes iii) in vivo fatty acid oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation post-intervention iv) ex vivo complex I and II tissue respiration in vastus lateralis muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results support the conclusion that rs2419621 T allele carriers, are more responsive to lifestyle interventions partly due to an increase in the short ACSL5 protein isoform, increasing cellular, tissue and whole-body fatty acid utilization. With the increasing effort to develop personalized medicine to combat obesity, our findings provide additional insight into genotypes that can significantly affect whole body metabolism and response to lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Awa Liaghati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jessica Chan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Dent
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada.
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada; Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T1, Canada.
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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The importance of gene-environment interactions in human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1571-97. [PMID: 27503943 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has been mainly attributed to lifestyle changes. However, who becomes obese in an obesity-prone environment is largely determined by genetic factors. In the last 20 years, important progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic architecture of obesity. In parallel with successful gene identifications, the number of gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence supporting gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity. Heritability, monogenic and polygenic obesity studies provide converging evidence that obesity-predisposing genes interact with a variety of environmental, lifestyle and treatment exposures. However, some skepticism remains regarding the validity of these studies based on several issues, which include statistical modelling, confounding, low replication rate, underpowered analyses, biological assumptions and measurement precision. What follows in this review includes (1) an introduction to the study of GEI, (2) the evidence of GEI in the field of obesity, (3) an outline of the biological mechanisms that may explain these interaction effects, (4) methodological challenges associated with GEI studies and potential solutions, and (5) future directions of GEI research. Thus far, this growing body of evidence has provided a deeper understanding of GEI influencing obesity and may have tremendous applications in the emerging field of personalized medicine and individualized lifestyle recommendations.
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Teodoro BG, Sampaio IH, Bomfim LHM, Queiroz AL, Silveira LR, Souza AO, Fernandes AMAP, Eberlin MN, Huang TY, Zheng D, Neufer PD, Cortright RN, Alberici LC. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6 regulates lipid synthesis and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in human and rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2016; 595:677-693. [PMID: 27647415 DOI: 10.1113/jp272962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6 (ACSL6) mRNA is present in human and rat skeletal muscle, and is modulated by nutritional status: exercise and fasting decrease ACSL6 mRNA, whereas acute lipid ingestion increase its expression. ACSL6 genic inhibition in rat primary myotubes decreased lipid accumulation, as well as activated the higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity programme and fatty acid oxidation through the AMPK/PGC1-α pathway. ACSL6 overexpression in human primary myotubes increased phospholipid species and decreased oxidative metabolism. ABSTRACT Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL 1 to 6) are key enzymes regulating the partitioning of acyl-CoA species toward different metabolic fates such as lipid synthesis or β-oxidation. Despite our understanding of ecotopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle being associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes, the role of specific ACSL isoforms in lipid synthesis remains unclear. In the present study, we describe for the first time the presence of ACSL6 mRNA in human skeletal muscle and the role that ACSL6 plays in lipid synthesis in both rodent and human skeletal muscle. ACSL6 mRNA was observed to be up-regulated by acute high-fat meal ingestion in both rodents and humans. In rats, we also demonstrated that fasting and chronic aerobic training negatively modulated the ACSL6 mRNA and other genes of lipid synthesis. Similar results were obtained following ACSL6 knockdown in rat myotubes, which was associated with a decreased accumulation of TAGs and lipid droplets. Under the same knockdown condition, we further demonstrate an increase in fatty acid content, p-AMPK, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiratory rates and palmitate oxidation. These results were associated with increased PGC-1α, UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA and decreased reactive oxygen species production. In human myotubes, ACSL6 overexpression reduced palmitate oxidation and PGC-1α mRNA. In conclusion, ACSL6 drives acyl-CoA toward lipid synthesis and its downregulation improves mitochondrial biogenesis, respiratory capacity and lipid oxidation. These outcomes are associated with the activation of the AMPK/PGC1-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G Teodoro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of São Paulo, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor H Sampaio
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas H M Bomfim
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology
| | - André L Queiroz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology
| | | | - Anderson O Souza
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna M A P Fernandes
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Department of Kinesiology.,Department of Physiology.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rajkumar A, Lamothe G, Bolongo P, Harper ME, Adamo K, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Prud'homme D, Tesson F. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 genotype is associated with body composition changes in response to lifestyle interventions in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: a genetic association study on cohorts Montréal-Ottawa New Emerging Team, and Complications Associated with Obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 27515448 PMCID: PMC4982019 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies on Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain 5 (ACSL5) demonstrate an association between rs2419621 genotype and rate of weight loss in women with obesity in response to caloric restriction. Our objectives were to (1) confirm results in two different populations of women with overweight and obesity (2) study rs2419621's influence on body composition parameters of women with overweight and obesity following lifestyle interventions. METHODS rs2419621 genotype was determined in women with overweight and obesity who participated in the Montréal-Ottawa New Emerging Team (MONET n = 137) and Complications Associated with Obesity (CAO n = 37) studies. Genotyping was done using TaqMan MGB probe-based assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test for associations. RESULTS When studying women with overweight and obesity, rs2419621 [T] allele carriers had a significantly greater decrease in visceral fat, absolute and percent fat mass and a greater increase in percent lean mass in response to lifestyle intervention in comparison to non-carriers. Studying only individuals with obesity showed similar results with rs2419621 [T] allele carriers also displaying a significantly greater decrease in body mass index following the lifestyle intervention in comparison to non-carriers. CONCLUSION Women with overweight and obesity carrying the ACSL5 rs2419621 [T] allele are more responsive to lifestyle interventions in comparison to non-carriers. Conducting such genetic association studies can aid in individualized treatments/interventions catered towards an individual's genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierrette Bolongo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi Adamo
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Départment de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, 451 Smyth, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Johns N, Tan BH, MacMillan M, Solheim TS, Ross JA, Baracos VE, Damaraju S, Fearon KCH. Genetic basis of interindividual susceptibility to cancer cachexia: selection of potential candidate gene polymorphisms for association studies. J Genet 2015; 93:893-916. [PMID: 25572253 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex and multifactorial disease. Evolving definitions highlight the fact that a diverse range of biological processes contribute to cancer cachexia. Part of the variation in who will and who will not develop cancer cachexia may be genetically determined. As new definitions, classifications and biological targets continue to evolve, there is a need for reappraisal of the literature for future candidate association studies. This review summarizes genes identified or implicated as well as putative candidate genes contributing to cachexia, identified through diverse technology platforms and model systems to further guide association studies. A systematic search covering 1986-2012 was performed for potential candidate genes / genetic polymorphisms relating to cancer cachexia. All candidate genes were reviewed for functional polymorphisms or clinically significant polymorphisms associated with cachexia using the OMIM and GeneRIF databases. Pathway analysis software was used to reveal possible network associations between genes. Functionality of SNPs/genes was explored based on published literature, algorithms for detecting putative deleterious SNPs and interrogating the database for expression of quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). A total of 154 genes associated with cancer cachexia were identified and explored for functional polymorphisms. Of these 154 genes, 119 had a combined total of 281 polymorphisms with functional and/or clinical significance in terms of cachexia associated with them. Of these, 80 polymorphisms (in 51 genes) were replicated in more than one study with 24 polymorphisms found to influence two or more hallmarks of cachexia (i.e., inflammation, loss of fat mass and/or lean mass and reduced survival). Selection of candidate genes and polymorphisms is a key element of multigene study design. The present study provides a contemporary basis to select genes and/or polymorphisms for further association studies in cancer cachexia, and to develop their potential as susceptibility biomarkers of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johns
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Lapice E, Vaccaro O. Interaction between Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ2 and diet on adiposity phenotypes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:462. [PMID: 25342491 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to perform a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of the literature to address whether, and to what extent, diet modulates the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) on body weight and other measures of adiposity. A systematic search of the literature was conducted, wherein both observational and experimental studies of adults were reviewed. Overall, the results of the observational studies show little consistency. Methodological differences in their design, conduct and analysis may largely account for the apparently discrepant findings. This notwithstanding, the main picture that emerges is that the energy content and composition of the diet may affect BMI, body composition and metabolic parameters in Ala allele carriers more than in Pro/Pro homozygotes. In most studies, carriers of the Ala allele with an obesogenic lifestyle (i.e. high-energy, high-carbohydrate and, to some extent, high-fat diets) are more obese than Pro homozygotes. Well-designed intervention studies with a sufficiently large sample size consistently show that carriers of the Ala allele are more prone to weight loss when exposed to a healthy lifestyle; however, these individuals do not seem to retain these benefits when returning to a sedentary lifestyle and inadequate dieting behaviours. Some key questions in this area of research have emerged. Carefully designed and adequately powered studies are needed, particularly involving the development and validation of standardized tools for the assessment of dietary exposure, including the use of biomarkers, to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lapice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy,
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Goni L, Cuervo M, Milagro FI, Martínez JA. Future Perspectives of Personalized Weight Loss Interventions Based on Nutrigenetic, Epigenetic, and Metagenomic Data. J Nutr 2015; 146:905S-912S. [PMID: 26962191 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As obesity has become a major global public health challenge, a large number of studies have analyzed different strategies aimed at inducing a negative energy balance and, consequently, body weight loss. However, most existing weight loss programs are generally unsuccessful, so several interventions have been carried out to identify physiologic and behavioral factors concerning this variability in order to implement more personalized treatment. Nowadays, an individualized approach is being proposed through so-called personalized nutrition, whereby not only the phenotype but also the genotype is used for customized nutrition treatment. Regarding body weight regulation, ∼70 polymorphisms have been identified in or near genes related to energy expenditure, appetite, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism. Although personalized nutrition refers mainly to genetic makeup, recent advances in the investigation of the epigenome and the microbiome open the door to implement more personalized recommendations for body weight management. In this context, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of several epigenetic markers that may modify gene expression and could be involved in the outcome of weight loss interventions. Moreover, different studies have shown that dietary interventions could affect the composition of gut microbiota and have an impact on body weight. The integration of nutrigenetic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may lead to the design of more personalized dietary treatments to prevent chronic diseases and to optimize the individual's response to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Piccolo BD, Keim NL, Fiehn O, Adams SH, Van Loan MD, Newman JW. Habitual physical activity and plasma metabolomic patterns distinguish individuals with low vs. high weight loss during controlled energy restriction. J Nutr 2015; 145:681-90. [PMID: 25833772 PMCID: PMC4381764 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.201574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total weight loss induced by energy restriction is highly variable even under tightly controlled conditions. Identifying weight-loss discriminants would provide a valuable weight management tool and insights into body weight regulation. OBJECTIVE This study characterized responsiveness to energy restriction in adults from variables including the plasma metabolome, endocrine and inflammatory markers, clinical indices, body composition, diet, and physical activity. METHODS Data were derived from a controlled feeding trial investigating the effect of 3-4 dairy product servings in an energy-restricted diet (2092 kJ/d reduction) over 12 wk. Partial least squares regression was used to identify weight-loss discriminants in 67 overweight and obese adults. Linear mixed models were developed to identify discriminant variable differences in high- vs. low-weight-loss responders. RESULTS Both pre- and postintervention variables (n = 127) were identified as weight-loss discriminants (root mean squared error of prediction = 1.85 kg; Q(2) = 0.43). Compared with low-responders (LR), high-responders (HR) had greater decreases in body weight (LR: 2.7 ± 1.6 kg; HR: 9.4 ± 1.8 kg, P < 0.01), BMI (in kg/m(2); LR: 1.0 ± 0.6; HR: 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.01), and total fat (LR: 2.2 ± 1.1 kg; HR: 8.0 ± 2.1 kg, P < 0.01). Significant group effects unaffected by the intervention were determined for the respiratory exchange ratio (LR: 0.86 ± 0.05; HR: 0.82 ± 0.03, P < 0.01), moderate physical activity (LR: 127 ± 52 min; HR: 167 ± 68 min, P = 0.02), sedentary activity (LR: 1090 ± 99 min; HR: 1017 ± 110 min, P = 0.02), and plasma stearate [LR: 102,000 ± 21,000 quantifier ion peak height (QIPH); HR: 116,000 ± 24,000 QIPH, P = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obese individuals highly responsive to energy restriction had accelerated reductions in adiposity, likely supported in part by higher lipid mobilization and combustion. A novel observation was that person-to-person differences in habitual physical activity and magnitude of weight loss were accompanied by unique blood metabolite signatures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00858312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piccolo
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;,West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Genome Center, Davis, CA; and
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Genome Center, Davis, CA; and
| | - Sean H Adams
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Marta D Van Loan
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Genome Center, Davis, CA; and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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He H, Liu HH, Wang JW, Lv J, Li L, Pan ZX. Molecular cloning of the goose ACSL3 and ACSL5 coding domain sequences and their expression characteristics during goose fatty liver development. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2045-53. [PMID: 24469710 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ACSL3 and ACSL5 play important roles in fat metabolism. To investigate the primary functions of ACSL3 and ACSL5 and to evaluate their expression levels during goose fatty liver development, we cloned the ACSL3 and ACSL5 coding domain sequences (CDSs) of geese using RT-PCR and analyzed their expression characteristics under different conditions using qRT-PCR. The results showed that the goose ACSL3 (JX511975) and ACSL5 (JX511976) sequences have high similarities with the chicken sequences both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Both ACSL3 and ACSL5 have high expression levels in goose liver. The expression levels of ACSL3 and ACSL5 in goose liver and hepatocytes can be changed by overfeeding geese and by treatment with unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Together, these results indicate that ACSL3 and ACSL5 play important roles during fatty liver development. The different expression characteristics of goose ACSL3 and ACSL5 suggest that these two genes may be responsible for specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Key Lab of Animal Genetic Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, People's Republic of China
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Galbete C, Toledo E, Martínez-González MA, Martínez JA, Guillén-Grima F, Marti A. Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG2 gene increases body mass index: An updated meta-analysis encompassing 49,092 subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1486-95. [PMID: 23666678 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) gene has been intensively studied with relation to obesity and metabolic disorders. Indeed, a large number of studies assessing the association between the PPARG2 polymorphism Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and body mass index (BMI) have been published with some controversial results. In this meta-analysis, the effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG2 gene on BMI were investigated. DESIGN AND METHODS Externally published data were collected and we included our own novel data from a study in the elderly participants (>55 years) of a Mediterranean cohort, the SUN ("Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra") Project (n = 972). A total of 75 independent studies with 49,092 subjects (39,806 with the genotype Pro12Pro and 9,286 carrier subjects of the Ala allele) were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a higher BMI with an overall estimation of +0.065 kg/m(2) (95%CI = 0.026-0.103, P = 0.001) for homo-/heterozygous carriers of the Ala allele of the PPARG2 gene in comparison to non-carriers. The analysis also showed that there was heterogeneity (P for heterogeneity <0.001), but funnel plots did not suggest apparent publication bias. Furthermore, the association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG2 gene and increased BMI was stronger in Caucasian. Thus, carriers of the Ala allele had significantly higher BMI than non-carriers in a subsample of 6,528 Caucasian male subjects (standardized mean difference = 0.090, 95%CI=0.032-0.148, P = 0.002, P for heterogeneity = 0.121). CONCLUSION This updated meta-analysis showed that carriers of the Ala12 allele of the PPARG2 gene had a higher average BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galbete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Bouchard-Mercier A, Paradis AM, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Associations between polymorphisms in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and dietary fat intakes. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2012; 5:1-12. [PMID: 22414759 DOI: 10.1159/000336511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence is growing in our population. Twin studies have estimated the heritability of dietary intakes to about 30%. The objective of this study was to verify whether polymorphisms in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism are associated with dietary fat intakes. METHODS Seven hundred participants were recruited. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes. PCR-RFLP and TAQMAN methodology were used to genotype PPARα Leu162Val, PPARγ Pro12Ala, PPARδ -87T>C, PPARGC1α Gly482Ser, FASN Val1483Ile and SREBF1 c.*619C>G. Statistical analyses were executed with SAS statistical package. RESULTS Carriers of the Ala12 allele of PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism had higher intakes of total fat (p = 0.04). For FASN Val1483Ile polymorphism, significant gene-sex interaction effects were found for total fat and saturated fat intakes (p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). No significant difference in fat intakes was observed for PPARα Leu162Val, PPARδ -87T>C, PPARGC1α Gly482Ser and SREBF1 c.*619C>G polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in PPARγ and FASN seem to be associated with dietary fat intakes. Genetic variants are important to take into account when studying dietary intakes.
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Individualized Weight Management: What Can Be Learned from Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:347-82. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics of Caloric Restriction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:323-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Garaulet M, Smith CE, Hernández-González T, Lee YC, Ordovás JM. PPARγ Pro12Ala interacts with fat intake for obesity and weight loss in a behavioural treatment based on the Mediterranean diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1771-9. [PMID: 22102511 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The goal of this study was to examine whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and weight loss and to analyze potential interactions between fat intake and PPARγ polymorphism in a Spanish overweight/obese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 1465 subjects enrolled in a behavioural treatment program for obesity based on a Mediterranean diet, which included the following: dietary treatment, physical activity, nutritional education and behavioral techniques. A significant association was found between PPARγ2 Pro12Ala genotype and plasma insulin concentration and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance. Subjects with the Ala12 genotype had lower insulin levels than those with the Pro12Pro genotype. We detected a gene-diet interaction between the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and MUFA for BMI and body fat. Furthermore, we detected an interaction between the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism and fat intake for total weight loss (p<0.001). When total fat intake was high, Ala12-carriers exhibited a significantly lower percentage of total weight loss than major-allele-carriers (p=0.037). CONCLUSION Data are consistent with previous results showing a protective role for the Ala12 allele against insulin resistance, and replicate an earlier study that detected an interaction between dietary MUFA and PPARγ2 for BMI. Our detection of a gene-diet interaction between PPARγ Pro12Ala and fat intake for weight loss may explain previous discrepancies among different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Bouchard-Mercier A, Godin G, Lamarche B, Pérusse L, Vohl MC. Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, dietary fat intakes and gene-diet interactions on peak particle diameters of low-density lipoproteins. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2011; 4:36-48. [PMID: 21487230 DOI: 10.1159/000324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is modulated by gene-diet interactions. The objective of this study was to examine whether gene-diet interactions affect peak particle diameters (PPD) of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). METHODS The study included 674 participants. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to obtain dietary information. LDL-PPD was determined by non-denaturing 2-16% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene polymorphisms PPARα L162V (rs1800206), PPARγ P12A (rs1801282) and PPARδ -87T→C (rs2016520) were determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Among carriers of thePPARα L162V polymorphism, gene-diet interaction effects on LDL-PPD were observed with saturated fat (p=0.0005) and total dietary fat (p=0.006). Among PPARα V162 carriers, subjects with higher saturated fat intakes had smaller LDL-PPD than those with lower intakes (254.23±2.74 vs. 256.21±2.61 Å, respectively, p=0.007). Among subjects homozygous for the PPARα L162 allele, those with higher saturated fat intakes had larger LDL-PPD than those with lower saturated fat intakes (255.86±2.66 vs. 255.05±2.65 Å, respectively, p=0.01). Gene-diet interactions were also found for PPARγ P12A polymorphism with saturated fat intake (p=0.04) and for PPARδ -87T→C with the polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio (p=0.0013). CONCLUSIONS These results stress that dietary factors should be included in studies determining the effect of different polymorphisms on CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bouchard-Mercier
- Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Bu SY, Mashek DG. Hepatic long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 5 mediates fatty acid channeling between anabolic and catabolic pathways. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3270-80. [PMID: 20798351 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m009407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSLs) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) activate fatty acids (FAs) to acyl-CoAs prior to their downstream metabolism. Of numerous ACSL and FATP isoforms, ACSL5 is expressed predominantly in tissues with high rates of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, suggesting it may have an anabolic role in lipid metabolism. To characterize the role of ACSL5 in hepatic energy metabolism, we used small interference RNA (siRNA) to knock down ACSL5 in rat primary hepatocytes. Compared with cells transfected with control siRNA, suppression of ACSL5 expression significantly decreased FA-induced lipid droplet formation. These findings were further extended with metabolic labeling studies showing that ACSL5 knockdown resulted in decreased [1-(14)C]oleic acid or acetic acid incorporation into intracellular TAG, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters without altering FA uptake or lipogenic gene expression. ACSL5 knockdown also decreased hepatic TAG secretion proportionate to the observed decrease in neutral lipid synthesis. ACSL5 knockdown did not alter lipid turnover or mediate the effects of insulin on lipid metabolism. Hepatocytes treated with ACSL5 siRNA had increased rates of FA oxidation without changing PPAR-α activity and target gene expression. These results suggest that ACSL5 activates and channels FAs toward anabolic pathways and, therefore, is an important branch point in hepatic FA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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Deram S, Villares SMF. Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of weight loss strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:129-38. [PMID: 19466204 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Body weight excess has an increasingly high prevalence in the world. Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial origin with a polygenic condition affected by environmental factors. Weight loss is a primary strategy to treat obesity and its morbidities. Weight changes through life depend on the interaction of environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. Interindividual variation of weight loss in response to different types of interventions (behavioral, caloric restriction, exercise, drug or surgery) has been observed. In this article, currently available data on the role of candidate gene polymorphisms in weight loss are reviewed. Even though control of weight loss by genotype was described in twin and family studies, it is premature to recommend use of genotyping in the design of therapeutic diets or drug treatment. Future studies will have to be large in order to assess the effects of multiple polymorphisms, and will have to control factors other than diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deram
- Laboratório de Nutrição Humana e Doenças Metabólicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Anderson AL, Harris TB, Houston DK, Tylavsky FA, Lee JS, Sellmeyer DE, Sahyoun NR. Relationships of dietary patterns with body composition in older adults differ by gender and PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype. Eur J Nutr 2010; 49:385-94. [PMID: 20174813 PMCID: PMC2944967 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dietary patterns may better capture the multifaceted effects of diet on body composition than individual nutrients or foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns of a cohort of older adults, and examine relationships of dietary patterns with body composition. The influence of a polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene was considered. Methods The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective cohort study of 3,075 older adults. Participants’ body composition and genetic variation were measured in detail. Food intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Block Dietary Data Systems, Berkeley, CA), and dietary patterns of 1,809 participants with complete data were derived by cluster analysis. Results Six clusters were identified, including a ‘Healthy foods’ cluster characterized by higher intake of low-fat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables. An interaction was found between dietary patterns and PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype in relation to body composition. While Pro/Pro homozygous men and women in the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster did not differ significantly in body composition from those in other clusters, men with the Ala allele in the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster had significantly lower levels of adiposity than those in other clusters. Women with the Ala allele in the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster differed only in right thigh intermuscular fat from those in other clusters. Conclusions Relationships between diet and body composition in older adults may differ by gender and by genetic factors such as PPAR-γ Pro12Ala genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Anderson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Matsuo T, Nakata Y, Katayama Y, Iemitsu M, Maeda S, Okura T, Kim MK, Ohkubo H, Hotta K, Tanaka K. PPARG genotype accounts for part of individual variation in body weight reduction in response to calorie restriction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1924-31. [PMID: 19543210 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene is influenced by calorie restriction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PPARG gene variations are associated with weight reduction and changes in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in response to a 14-week calorie restriction. In total, 95 middle-aged, Japanese women (BMI>or=25 kg/m2) enrolled as subjects for 14 weeks and attended weekly dietary lectures instructing them on how to consume a nutritionally balanced diet of 1,200 kcal/day. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARG gene (rs1801282 (Pro/Ala), rs2292101, rs2959272, rs1386835, rs709158, rs1175540, rs1175544, and rs1797912) were analyzed. Body weight decreased significantly (-7.7+/-3.1 kg; -11.3+/-4.4%) during the intervention. Six PPARG SNPs (rs2959272, rs1386835, rs709158, rs1175540, rs1175544, and rs1797912) were significantly associated with the weight reduction, with rs1175544 having the strongest association (P=0.004). No differences across the rs1175544 genotypes were observed in any of the blood analyses or in blood pressure. In a multiple regression analysis, the rs1175544 genotypes accounted for 7% of the total weight reduction variance. These data suggest that one SNP of the PPARG genotype accounted for a significant portion of the total body weight reduction variance in response to a short-term intervention consisting of calorie restriction; however, no relationship was found between these SNPs and the changes in CHD risk factors which accompanied weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Abstract
The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important transcription factor regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Numerous genetic mutations of PPARγ have been identified and these mutations positively or negatively regulate insulin sensitivity. Among these, a relatively common polymorphism of PPARγ, Pro12Ala of PPARγ2, the isoform expressed only in adipose tissue has been shown to be associated with lower body mass index, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and resistance to the risk of type 2 diabetes in human subjects carrying this mutation. Subsequent studies in different ethnic populations, however, have revealed conflicting results, suggesting a complex interaction between the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and environmental factors such as the ratio of dietary unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and/or between the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and genetic factors such as polymorphic mutations in other genes. In addition, this polymorphic mutation in PPARγ2 is associated with other aspects of human diseases, including cancers, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer disease and aging. This review will highlight findings from recent studies.
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Teng ACT, Adamo K, Tesson F, Stewart AFR. Functional characterization of a promoter polymorphism that drives ACSL5 gene expression in skeletal muscle and associates with diet-induced weight loss. FASEB J 2009; 23:1705-9. [PMID: 19218499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced weight loss is affected by a wide range of factors, including genetic variation. Identifying functional polymorphisms will help to elucidate mechanisms that account for variation in dietary metabolism. Previously, we reported a strong association between a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2419621 (C>T) in the promoter of acyl-CoA synthetase long chain 5 (ACSL5), rapid weight loss in obese Caucasian females, and elevated ACSL5 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle biopsies. Here, we showed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) that the T allele creates a functional cis-regulatory E-box element (CANNTG) that is recognized by the myogenic regulatory factor MyoD. The T allele promoted MyoD-dependent activation of a 1089-base pair ACSL5 promoter fragment in nonmuscle CV1 cells. Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts significantly elevated expression of the ACSL5 promoter. The T allele sustained promoter activity 48 h after differentiation, whereas the C allele showed a significant decline. These results reveal a mechanism for elevated transcription of ACSL5 in skeletal muscle of carriers of the rs2419621(T) allele, associated with more rapid diet-induced weight loss. Natural selection favoring promoter polymorphisms that reduced expression of catabolic genes in skeletal muscle likely accounts for the resistance of obese individuals to dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C T Teng
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Program of Human and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Implications of gene-behavior interactions: prevention and intervention for obesity. OBESITY (SILVER SPRING, MD.) 2008. [PMID: 19037218 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.522.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A vast body of research exists to demonstrate that obesity is a complex disorder with a strong genetic basis and a multifactorial etiology. Yet despite the overwhelming evidence that genes play an important role in the development of obesity, many people argue that the increasing prevalence of obesity is simply due to an abundance of palatable food and a dearth of opportunities for physical exercise. While activity and eating behaviors contribute substantially to the development of obesity, considering these to be the only etiologic factors is directly contradictory to what is now known about how eating and energy balance are regulated. Our understanding of the molecular processes controlling eating behavior, in particular, has accelerated exponentially in the last 10 years, and this is one area in which obesity genetics has made great progress. Our challenge is to understand more fully how genetic variation may interact with behavioral factors to influence the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Although exercise and diet strategies are used routinely for obesity treatment, there is a huge variability in how individuals respond to these interventions. There is also a substantial amount of evidence that such responses may also be regulated by genes. Understanding gene-response relationships is the key to developing more efficacious intervention and prevention programs for obesity.
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Abstract
A vast body of research exists to demonstrate that obesity is a complex disorder with a strong genetic basis and a multifactorial etiology. Yet despite the overwhelming evidence that genes play an important role in the development of obesity, many people argue that the increasing prevalence of obesity is simply due to an abundance of palatable food and a dearth of opportunities for physical exercise. While activity and eating behaviors contribute substantially to the development of obesity, considering these to be the only etiologic factors is directly contradictory to what is now known about how eating and energy balance are regulated. Our understanding of the molecular processes controlling eating behavior, in particular, has accelerated exponentially in the last 10 years, and this is one area in which obesity genetics has made great progress. Our challenge is to understand more fully how genetic variation may interact with behavioral factors to influence the regulation of body weight and adiposity. Although exercise and diet strategies are used routinely for obesity treatment, there is a huge variability in how individuals respond to these interventions. There is also a substantial amount of evidence that such responses may also be regulated by genes. Understanding gene-response relationships is the key to developing more efficacious intervention and prevention programs for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Bray
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Yong EL, Li J, Liu MH. Single gene contributions: genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (isoforms alpha, beta/delta and gamma) and mechanisms of dyslipidemias. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:106-12. [PMID: 18388689 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3282f64542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms may be among the most important single-gene contributors to dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and maturity-onset diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Familial partial lipodystrophy is a rare but characteristic phenotype associated with carriers of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma missense mutations. Mutant receptors are transcriptionally defective, exhibit aberrant affinity for co-regulator molecules, and can exert dominant-negative or haplo-insufficiency effects on normal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma function. The P12A variant of isoform gamma is estimated to reduce diabetes risk by 19% in many populations, and has a large attributable risk because of high prevalence of the normal allele. Variants L162V and V227A of isoform alpha (common in white and Oriental populations, respectively) are associated with sexually dimorphic perturbations of lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Polymorphisms in isoforms alpha and beta/delta are reported to influence lipid and glucose utilization. Apart from lipodystrophic syndromes, metabolic and cardiovascular risk in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor variants is apparently modulated by dietary and exercise interventions, and interactions with polymorphisms in other genetic loci. SUMMARY Polymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are critical susceptibility risk factors for dyslipidemias and diabetes. They provide attractive targets for gene-environment interventions to reduce the burden of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National University Hospital, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
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Ochoa MC, Razquin C, Martinez-Gonzalez MÁ, Marti A, Martinez JA. Role of PPAR-γ2 polymorphisms in bodyweight regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.3.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iqbal O. Endocannabinoid system and pathophysiology of adipogenesis: current management of obesity. Per Med 2007; 4:307-319. [DOI: 10.2217/17410541.4.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids are now known as novel and important regulators of energy metabolism and homeostasis. The endocrine functions of white adipose are chiefly involved in the control of whole-body metabolism, insulin sensitivity and food intake. Adipocytes produce hormones, such as leptin and adiponectin, that can improve insulin resistance or peptides, such as TNF-α, that elicit insulin resistance. Adipocytes express specific receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, which serve as adipocyte targets for insulin sensitizers such as thiazolidinediones. Recently, endocannabinoids and related compounds were identified in human fat cells. The endocannabinoid system consists primarily of two receptors, cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2, their endogenous ligands termed endocannabinoids and the enzymes responsible for ligand biosynthesis and degradation. The endocannabinoids 2-arachidonylglycerol and anandamide or N-arachidonoylethanolamine increase food intake and promote weight gain in animals. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 blocker, reduces food intake and body weight in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Iqbal
- Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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