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Chen J, Bai Y, Ni W. Reasons and promotion strategies of physical activity constraints in obese/overweight children and adolescents. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:25-36. [PMID: 38463665 PMCID: PMC10918361 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the reasons for low levels of physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents and to propose appropriate strategies to promote their physical activity (PA). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by searching and analyzing the literature of studies related to physical activity in obese/overweight children and adolescents published between January 2003 and January 2023 in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. A total of 31 relevant studies were included for analysis, of which 16 were quantitative and 15 qualitative. According to these studies, the PA of obese/overweight children and adolescents is mainly constrained by negative factors: Individual, interpersonal, and environmental. Among these factors, low levels of individual motivation and psychological sensitivity and vulnerability, lack of family support, negative social feedback, insufficient protection from government policies, and inadequate support from the built environment are the main reasons that constrain their PA. The promotion of PA in obese/overweight children and adolescents, who are subject to more constraints at all levels, requires a system of security that involves the government, the community, the school, and the family to address the problems they encounter and enhance the sustainability of engagement in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxi Chen
- Physical Education College, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yinmengke Bai
- Physical Education College, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Weiguang Ni
- Physical Education College, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
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Guerrini Usubini A, Bottacchi M, Morelli G, Caroli D, Marazzi N, Castelnuovo G, Sartorio A. The psychosocial functioning in adolescents with severe obesity evaluated throughout the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): a preliminary report. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1205113. [PMID: 38288364 PMCID: PMC10822931 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is associated with poor psychological adjustment. Severely impacts the psychological adjustment of young patients. To assess the psychological functioning of children and adolescents, several questionnaires have been proposed so far. Although the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most well-used tools, its application in obesity research is scarce. The study is aimed at assessing the psychological profile of a sample of Italian children and adolescents seeking an in-hospital multidisciplinary body weight reduction program for obesity, via SDQ. Methods One hundred and fourteen consecutive Italian children and adolescents with obesity (43 males/71 females, age range: 11-17 years, mean age ± SD: 15.1 ± 1.66, body mass index-BMI ± SD: 37.4 ± 6.13 kg/m2), were recruited at the Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piancavallo (VB). Results Obese Females reported worse conditions of emotional symptoms (t = 5.48; p < 0.001) and peer problems (t = 2.34; p = 0.021), as well as higher which were associated with greater scores of pro-social behaviors than obese males (t = 3.07; p = 0.003). The total difficulties score (t = 4.00; p < 0.001) and the total impact score (t = 4.53; p < 0.001) were significantly higher in females than males. No statistically significant differences in SDQ variables were found in relation to the degree of obesity (BMI SDS: 2-2.99; BMI SDS: > 3). Discussion These findings can contribute to understand the psychological condition of adolescents with obesity in a better way and also to develop effective interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity which not only take into account the medical and physical aspects but also the emotional and social difficulties expressed by adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Bottacchi
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morelli
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Sacra Famiglia Foundation, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Service, Cocquio Trevisago-Varese, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marazzi
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
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O'Hara L, Alajaimi B, Alshowaikh B. "I was bullied for being fat in every situation, in every outfit, at every celebration": A qualitative exploratory study on experiences of weight-based oppression in Qatar. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1015181. [PMID: 36923042 PMCID: PMC10008867 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1015181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Weight-based oppression (WBO) has been documented as a widespread phenomenon in Western countries and is associated with a range of psychological, physiological, and behavioral harms. Research on weight-based oppression is largely absent from the Arab region. Methods We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using semi-structured in-depth interviews to examine the internalized attitudes, values, and beliefs related to body weight, and experiences of external weight-based oppression of 29 staff, faculty, and students at Qatar University. Results Thematic analysis revealed six major themes on the characteristics of internalized WBO, and the nature, timing, source, extent, and impact of external WBO. WBO was regarded as so common in the Arab culture as to be normative, with damaging exposure to WBO beginning in early childhood. Conclusion WBO in the Arab region is an important and unrecognized public health issue. Programs to reduce WBO should be developed in all sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily O'Hara
- Department of Public Health, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bayan Alajaimi
- Department of Public Health, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bayan Alshowaikh
- Department of Public Health, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Wabnegger A, Schienle A. Association between obesity bias and trait disgust: Findings from the moral machine experiment with obese humans and animals. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2022.2090077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Wabnegger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Schienle
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- University of California USA, California, USA
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Walsh Ó, Dettmer E, Regina A, Dentakos S, Christian J, Hamilton J, Toulany A. 'Teenagers are into perfect-looking things': Dating, sexual attitudes and experiences of adolescents with severe obesity. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:406-414. [PMID: 34873741 PMCID: PMC9299648 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This qualitative study explored the dating and sexual health attitudes and behaviours among adolescents with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 99th%) attending a multidisciplinary weight-management programme. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants (12 females, 7 males; Mage = 16.8) and analysed through reflective thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants described polarized dating behaviours in which dating and sexual relationships were either avoided due to this not being a priority, lack of time, feared rejection, and/or body size as perceived barrier or in contrast, when approached, involved greater sexual risk. CONCLUSIONS These findings have numerous implications including the need for increased education on the romantic developmental challenges faced by adolescents with severe obesity, the importance of ongoing screening of high-risk sexual behaviours and body dissatisfaction from frontline care providers, and the ability to support referrals to psychosocial services when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Órla Walsh
- Department of General PaediatricsChildren's Health Ireland at Temple StreetDublinIreland
| | - Elizabeth Dettmer
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Andrea Regina
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Stella Dentakos
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Jill Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alene Toulany
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada,Institute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesTorontoOntarioCanada,Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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O'Hara L, Ahmed H, Elashie S. Evaluating the impact of a brief Health at Every Size®-informed health promotion activity on body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression. Body Image 2021; 37:225-237. [PMID: 33744684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Weight-based oppression, including negative attitudes about body weight, and harassment, stigma, and discrimination based on body weight, is a widespread phenomenon that leads to considerable distress and poor health and wellbeing outcomes. Conversely, body positivity is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses body acceptance, body appreciation, and body love, and adaptive approaches protective of health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a brief health promotion activity informed by Health at Every Size® and critical health promotion principles on body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression in female students at Qatar University. A quasi-experimental mixed methods pre-post evaluation design was used, with quantitative assessment of body positivity and internalized weight-based oppression before the activity, immediately afterwards, and 10 weeks later, and qualitative assessment at the 10-week follow up. Measures used were the Body Appreciation Scale 2, Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale, Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit Size Acceptance and Self Reflection on Body Acceptance subscales, and an open-ended questionnaire. Body acceptance and appreciation increased significantly after the activity. Qualitative results suggest that these improvements were sustained at follow up. Brief Health at Every Size® informed health promotion activities show potential to improve health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily O'Hara
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hanaa Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Sana Elashie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
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Jovančević A, Jović M. The Relation Between Anti-Fat Stereotypes and Anti-Fat Prejudices: The Role of Gender as a Moderator. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:1687-1713. [PMID: 33789533 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211005123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that people attribute more negative traits to individuals with obesity than to non-obese individuals, and that females with obesity are seen more negatively than males. The theory also suggests that stereotypes are cognitive predecessors of prejudices. The aims of this research were to examine the latent structure underlying anti-fat stereotypical traits, differences in perceiving individuals with obesity and non-obese individuals, male and female individuals with obesity, as well as the role of anti-fat stereotypes in anti-fat prejudices. The sample consisted of 106 respondents (Male = 16; Female = 86; Mean age = 19.98), who graded stimuli photographs of male and female individuals (with obesity and average-weight) on series of anti-fat stereotypical traits on two occasions, and filled in Anti-fat prejudices questionnaire. The data were analyzed through EFA and CFA, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling (moderation). Four factors behind stereotypical traits were extracted: Positive social image, Perceived lack of self-care, Perceived persistence, and Antipathy. It has been shown that respondents gave stimuli photographs of individuals with obesity lower scores on Positive social image and Perceived persistence, and higher scores on Perceived lack of self-care and Antipathy. The same results were obtained for females within the subsample of individuals with obesity. Furthermore, it has been shown that certain anti-fat stereotypes (Positive social image, Perceived lack of self-care, and Perceived persistence) predict anti-fat prejudices, and that gender was a significant moderator of the effect of Perceived lack of self-care on anti-fat prejudices. We can conclude that individuals with obesity are indeed seen in a more negative light than non-obese individuals, and that this is more pronounced for females with obesity, which is in accordance with previous studies. Moreover, the results suggest the possible role of anti-fat stereotypes as cognitive predecessors of anti-fat prejudices, and that gender of individuals with obesity has an effect on this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jovančević
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Miljan Jović
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, the Netherlands
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Jin Y, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jiménez-Herrera M. Development and psychometric evaluation of the colostomy disgust scale in patients with colostomy. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13323. [PMID: 32888353 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and validate the Colostomy Disgust Scale (CDS) for assessing disgust in colostomy patients. DESIGN Triphasic, cross-sectional psychometric study. SETTING A total of 423 patients with colostomy (222 first samples and 201 s samples) were recruited from a tertiary hospital between January 2015 and April 2016. METHODS Three phases were undertaken: (a) item generation, (b) item selection and (c) evaluation and validation. The evaluation and validation of the CDS were performed through feasibility and initial item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency. RESULTS Following item generation and item selection, a 22-item CDS was generated. Principal axis factoring indicated a two-factor solution for the proposed CDS model, which was also verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the proposed CDS had a high internal consistency. CONCLUSION The CDS is a self-report instrument with initial evidence for its validity and reliability. It is a promising tool to identify the triggers of disgust in colostomy contexts, which can be of great importance for promoting the mental health of colostomy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Jin
- Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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9
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Killedar A, Lung T, Petrou S, Teixeira-Pinto A, Hayes A. Estimating Age- and Sex-Specific Utility Values from the CHU9D Associated with Child and Adolescent BMI z-Score. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2020; 38:375-384. [PMID: 31814078 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-019-00866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to identify age- and sex-specific utilities for children and adolescents by body mass index (BMI) z-score. METHODS We used data from 6822 participants and 12,094 observations from two cohorts and two waves of interviews from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We fit linear models using generalised estimating equations to investigate associations between Child Health Utility 9D and BMI z-score in girls and boys aged 10-17 years. We initially fit models for each sex, fully adjusted for known predictors of health-related quality of life, including socioeconomic position, long-term medical condition and maternal smoking status and also included an interaction between age and BMI z-score to examine age-specific effects. Finally, we derived a minimal model for each sex by eliminating interaction terms with P > 0.01 and predictors with P > 0.05. RESULTS Our adjusted results show different utility patterns in girls and boys. In girls, utility decrements for each unit increase in BMI z-score changed with age (P < 0.01 for interaction between age and BMI z-score). At age 10 years, the mean utility decrement for each unit increase in BMI z-score was 0.002 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.011 decrement to 0.006 increment), but, by age 17 years, this utility decrement was 0.023 (95% CI 0.013 to 0.032). In boys, small non-significant decrements were found in utility for each unit increase in BMI z-score, with no observable change with age. CONCLUSION Our analyses demonstrated that age and sex should be considered when attributing utility values and decrements to BMI z-scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Killedar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Thomas Lung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Killedar A, Lung T, Petrou S, Teixeira-Pinto A, Tan EJ, Hayes A. Weight status and health-related quality of life during childhood and adolescence: effects of age and socioeconomic position. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:637-645. [PMID: 31949296 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in children is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but the nuances of this relationship across different age and socio-demographic groups are not well-established. The aim of this study is to examine how the association between weight status and HRQoL changes with age and socioeconomic position (SEP) throughout childhood and adolescence. METHODS We used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a cohort study in which children were interviewed biennially from ages 4 to 17 years over seven waves of data. Measurements of HRQoL (using PedsQLTM), body mass index (BMI), and socio-demographic characteristics were collected at each interview. Of the 4983 children recruited into the study, we included data from 4083 children (a total of 24,446 observations). We used generalised estimating equations to assess whether age and SEP modified the association between weight status and HRQoL, after controlling for sex, long-term medical condition, language spoken to child and maternal smoking status. RESULTS Age was a significant modifier of the association between weight status and HRQoL, with adjustment for known predictors of HRQoL (P < 0.001). At age 4, children with obesity had, on average, a 0.99 (95% CI 0.02-1.96) point lower PedsQL total score than children at healthy weight. This difference became clinically important by age 9 at 4.50 (95% CI 3.86-5.13) points and increased to 6.69 (95% CI 5.74-7.64) points by age 17. There was no evidence that SEP modified the relationship between weight status and HRQoL (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the relationship between overweight and obesity status and poor HRQoL is strengthened with increasing age through childhood and adolescence, but is not affected by SEP. Paediatricians, researchers and carers of children with obesity should acknowledge HRQoL outcomes, particularly for older children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Killedar
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Thomas Lung
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eng Joo Tan
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Pearlman AT, Schvey NA, Higgins Neyland MK, Solomon S, Hennigan K, Schindler R, Leu W, Gillmore D, Shank LM, Lavender JM, Burke NL, Wilfley DE, Sbrocco T, Stephens M, Jorgensen S, Klein D, Quinlan J, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Associations between Family Weight-Based Teasing, Eating Pathology, and Psychosocial Functioning among Adolescent Military Dependents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:E24. [PMID: 31861426 PMCID: PMC6982056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Weight-based teasing (WBT) by family members is commonly reported among youth and is associated with eating and mood-related psychopathology. Military dependents may be particularly vulnerable to family WBT and its sequelae due to factors associated with their parents' careers, such as weight and fitness standards and an emphasis on maintaining one's military appearance; however, no studies to date have examined family WBT and its associations within this population. Therefore, adolescent military dependents at-risk for adult obesity and binge-eating disorder were studied prior to entry in a weight gain prevention trial. Youth completed items from the Weight-Based Victimization Scale (to assess WBT by parents and/or siblings) and measures of psychosocial functioning, including the Beck Depression Inventory-II, The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Social Adjustment Scale. Eating pathology was assessed via the Eating Disorder Examination interview, and height and fasting weight were measured to calculate BMIz. Analyses of covariance, adjusting for relevant covariates including BMIz, were conducted to assess relationships between family WBT, eating pathology, and psychosocial functioning. Participants were 128 adolescent military dependents (mean age: 14.35 years old, 54% female, 42% non-Hispanic White, mean BMIz: 1.95). Nearly half the sample (47.7%) reported family WBT. Adjusting for covariates, including BMIz, family WBT was associated with greater eating pathology, poorer social functioning and self-esteem, and more depressive symptoms (ps ≤ 0.02). Among military dependents with overweight and obesity, family WBT is prevalent and may be linked with eating pathology and impaired psychosocial functioning; prospective research is needed to elucidate the temporal nature of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle T. Pearlman
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - M. K. Higgins Neyland
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Senait Solomon
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Kathrin Hennigan
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Rachel Schindler
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - William Leu
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Dakota Gillmore
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Jason M. Lavender
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
- Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA
| | - Natasha L. Burke
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA;
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
| | - Mark Stephens
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Old Main, State College, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Sarah Jorgensen
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA;
| | - David Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Malcolm Grow Medical Clinics and Surgery Center, Joint Base Andrews, MD 20762, USA
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (A.T.P.); (M.K.H.N.); (S.S.); (K.H.); (R.S.); (W.L.); (D.G.); (J.M.L.); (T.S.); (M.T.-K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (D.K.); (J.Q.)
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
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12
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Schienle A, Wabnegger A. The structural neuroanatomy of self-disgust: A VBM analysis with a non-clinical sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Caldú X, Ottino-González J, Sánchez-Garre C, Hernan I, Tor E, Sender-Palacios MJ, Dreher JC, Garolera M, Jurado MÁ. Effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val 158 Met polymorphism on theory of mind in obesity. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2019; 27:401-409. [PMID: 30761671 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied with psychosocial adjustment problems, such as difficulties in social interactions and social withdrawal. A key aspect of social cognition is theory of mind, which allows inferring mental states, feelings, motivations, and beliefs of others and to use this information to predict their future behaviour. Theory of mind is highly dependent on prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is regulated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity. We aimed at determining whether theory of mind is altered in obesity and if this ability is modulated by COMT. Fifty patients with obesity and 47 normal-weight individuals underwent the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Vocabulary subscale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The genotype for the COMT Val 158 Met functional polymorphism was determined for all subjects. Patients with obesity obtained significantly lower scores in the negative items of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test than normal-weight subjects. Further, an interaction effect was observed between group and COMT genotype. Specifically, the presence of the Met allele was associated to a better identification of negative mental states only in patients with obesity. Our results indicate that obesity is accompanied with difficulties in theory of mind and that this ability is influenced by the COMT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caldú
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jonatan Ottino-González
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Garre
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Pediàtrica, Departament de Pediatria, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Imma Hernan
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Encarnació Tor
- Centre d'atenció primària Terrassa Nord, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Claude Dreher
- Neuroeconomics, Reward and Decision Making Team, Cognitive Neuroscience Centre, CNRS UMR 5229, Bron, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maite Garolera
- Unitat de Neuropsicologia, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Jurado
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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14
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Prosthesis use is associated with reduced physical self-disgust in limb amputees. Body Image 2018; 27:109-117. [PMID: 30243123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-disgust is an emotion schema negatively affecting people's body image and is triggered by bodily imperfections and deviations from the "normal" body envelope. In this study, we explore the idea that "normalising" the body in those with limb amputations via the prosthesis would be linked to reduced self-directed disgust. An international clinical community sample (N = 83) with mostly lower limb amputations completed measures about their demographics, prosthesis, adjustment, body image disturbance, psychological distress, and self-directed disgust in a survey design. Consistent with the "normalising" hypothesis, correlation and bootstrapped regression models revealed, first, that frequency of prosthesis use was significantly and negatively associated with physical self-disgust. Second, prosthesis use significantly mediated the exogenous effect of time since amputation on physical self-disgust. These results emphasise the psychological value of the prosthesis beyond its functional use, and stress its importance in normalising the body envelope in those with limb amputations, which may in turn promote psychological well-being.
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15
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Golaszewski NM, Pasch KE, Fernandez A, Poulos NS, Batanova M, Loukas A. Perceived Weight Discrimination and School Connectedness Among Youth: Does Teacher Support Play a Protective Role? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:754-761. [PMID: 30203480 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight discrimination has been associated with poor academic performance and decreased school attendance. Little is known about weight discrimination and students' feelings of belonging to their school. This study examined the association between weight discrimination and school connectedness among adolescents. Teacher support was examined as a protective factor. METHODS Middle school students (N = 639; 57% white; Mean age = 12.16 years) completed a health behaviors survey. Weight discrimination from peers and/or good friends was dichotomized into never versus experienced weight discrimination. The mean of 5 school connectedness items assessed level of school connectedness. Teacher support was measured by taking the mean of 4 teacher support items. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the association between weight discrimination and school connectedness. Teacher support was tested as a moderator. RESULTS Weight discrimination was associated with lower levels of school connectedness (p < .05). Teacher support was associated with higher levels of school connectedness (p < .001) but did not moderate the association between weight discrimination and school connectedness. CONCLUSION The association between weight discrimination and low levels of school connectedness is important as students spend most of their time at school and should benefit from the positive effects of feeling connected to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Golaszewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., D3700, Austin, TX 78712-1415
| | - Keryn E Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., D3700, Austin, TX 78712-1415
| | - Alejandra Fernandez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., D3700, Austin, TX 78712-1415
| | - Natalie S Poulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712-1415
| | - Milena Batanova
- Making Caring Common, Harvard Graduate School of Education, Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., D3700, Austin, TX 78712-1415
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16
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Khajeheian D, Colabi AM, Ahmad Kharman Shah NB, Bt Wan Mohamed Radzi CWJ, Jenatabadi HS. Effect of Social Media on Child Obesity: Application of Structural Equation Modeling with the Taguchi Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071343. [PMID: 29949902 PMCID: PMC6069160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Through public health studies, specifically on child obesity modeling, research scholars have been attempting to identify the factors affecting obesity using suitable statistical techniques. In recent years, regression, structural equation modeling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) regression have been the most widely employed statistical modeling techniques in public health studies. The main objective of this study to apply the Taguchi method to introduce a new pattern rather than a model for analyzing the body mass index (BMI) of children as a representative of childhood obesity levels mainly related to social media use. The data analysis includes two main parts. The first part entails selecting significant indicators for the proposed framework by applying SEM for primary and high school students separately. The second part introduces the Taguchi method as a realistic and reliable approach to exploring which combination of significant variables leads to high obesity levels in children. AMOS software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was applied in the first part of data analysis and MINITAB software (Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA) was utilized for the Taguchi experimental analysis (second data analysis part). This study will help research scholars view the data and a pattern rather than a model, as a combination of different factor levels for target factor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datis Khajeheian
- Department of Media Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran 141556311, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Colabi
- Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1439813141, Iran.
| | - Nordiana Binti Ahmad Kharman Shah
- Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | | | - Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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17
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Bacchini D, Licenziati MR, Affuso G, Garrasi A, Corciulo N, Driul D, Tanas R, Fiumani PM, Di Pietro E, Pesce S, Crinò A, Maltoni G, Iughetti L, Sartorio A, Deiana M, Lombardi F, Valerio G. The Interplay among BMI z-Score, Peer Victmization, and Self-Concept in Outpatient Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity. Child Obes 2017; 13:242-249. [PMID: 28267352 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has provided evidence that obesity is associated with peer victimization and low levels of self-concept. No study has examined the relationship between BMI z-score, self-concept in multiple domains, and peer victimization. METHODS The aim of the research was to investigate the interplay between BMI z-score, self-concept in multiple domains (physical, athletic, social), and peer victimization, testing direct, mediated, and moderated associations. Eighty hundred fifteen outpatient children and adolescents were consecutively recruited in 14 hospitals distributed over the Italian country. The sample consisted of 419 males and 396 females; mean age 10.91 ± 1.97 years (range 6-14 years) and mean BMI z-score 1.85 ± 0.74 (range -0.97 ± 3.27). Peer victimization and self-concept were assessed with a revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. A structural equation model approach was used to determine the associations among variables, testing two competing models. RESULTS In both models, path analysis revealed that BMI z-score was directly associated with peer victimization and self-concept in multiple domains. In the first model, peer victimization mediated the relationship between BMI-score and self-concept, whereas in the alternative model, self-concept mediated the relationship between BMI z-score and peer victimization. Interaction analyses revealed that social competence moderated the relationship between BMI z-score and peer victimization and that peer victimization moderated the relationship between BMI z-score and physical appearance. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of BMI z-score are a risk factor for peer victimization and poor self-concept. When high levels of BMI z-score are associated with a negative self-concept, the risk of victimization increases. Preventive and supportive interventions are needed to avoid negative consequences on quality of life in children and adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bacchini
- 1 Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- 2 Dipartimento di Pediatria Specialistica e Sistematica, AORN Santobono Pausilipon , Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetana Affuso
- 1 Dipartimento di Psicologia, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandra Garrasi
- 3 Servizio di Dietologia Clinica , Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Corciulo
- 4 Centro di Prevenzione Diagnosi e Cura dell'Obesità in Età Evolutiva U.O. Pediatria , Presidio Ospedaliero di Gallipoli, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Driul
- 5 SOC Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- 6 U.O. di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna , Ferrara, Italy
| | - Perla Maria Fiumani
- 7 Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Di Pietro
- 8 U.O. di Pediatria, Ospedale S. Liberatore , Atri, Teramo and Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sabino Pesce
- 9 U.O.C. di Malattie Metaboliche ed Endocrinologia Pediatrica A.O.U. Policlinico Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- 10 U.O.S. di Patologia Endocrina Autoimmune, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS , Palidoro, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- 11 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Pediatria, Programma di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Universitario S. Orsola Malpighi , Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- 12 Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno-Infantili e dell'Adulto, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- 13 Laboratorio Sperimentale Ricerche Auxo-Endocrinologiche , Divisione di Auxologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Deiana
- 14 Clinica Pediatrica , Ospedale F. Del Ponte, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- 15 U.O.C. di Pediatria, Ospedale Maggiore, Ausl di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- 16 Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope , Napoli, Italy
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18
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Azlan HA, Overton PG, Simpson J, Powell PA. Differential disgust responding in people with cancer and implications for psychological wellbeing. Psychol Health 2016; 32:19-37. [PMID: 27615058 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1235165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that disgust responses, known to negatively affect psychological wellbeing, may differ in people with cancer. We performed the first quantitative investigation of three discrete types of disgust trait - disgust propensity, sensitivity and self-directed disgust - in people diagnosed with a broad range of cancers (versus cancer-free controls), and explored their associations with psychological wellbeing. DESIGN In a cross-sectional survey design, 107 participants with heterogeneous cancer diagnoses, recruited from cancer charities and support groups, were matched with cancer-free controls by age and gender. OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of the three disgust traits were taken alongside measures of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Disgust sensitivity and physical self-disgust were significantly higher in the cancer than control sample, while disgust propensity and behavioural self-disgust were lower. The disgust traits had a different pattern of associations to psychological wellbeing across the two groups, with disgust sensitivity predicting depressive symptoms to a significantly greater extent in the cancer than control group. CONCLUSIONS People with cancer differ from matched controls in their disgust responses and these responses have significant predictive relationships with aspects of their psychological wellbeing. The results suggest that emotion-based interventions may be useful for improving psychological wellbeing in people with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul G Overton
- a Department of Psychology , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Jane Simpson
- b Division of Health Research , Lancaster University , Lancaster , UK
| | - Philip A Powell
- c Department of Economics , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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19
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Yufe SJ, Taube-Schiff M, Fergus KD, Sockalingam S. Weight-based bullying and compromised peer relationships in young adult bariatric patients. J Health Psychol 2016; 22:1046-1055. [PMID: 26822919 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315622559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of weight-based bullying in young adult bariatric patients has not yet been examined. Thirteen young adults (age, 18-24) that were seeking or had undergone bariatric surgery participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis informed by grounded theory principles was conducted. Analysis revealed the following three major themes: (1) being the biggest kid, (2) coping through avoidance, and (3) compromised peer and intimate relationships. Victims of weight-based bullying often avoid and withdraw socially in response to persistent verbal abuse. The decision to pursue bariatric surgery at a relatively young age adds another dimension of difficulty when navigating peer relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlene Taube-Schiff
- 2 University Health Network, Canada.,3 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Canada
| | - Karen D Fergus
- 1 York University, Canada.,4 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- 2 University Health Network, Canada.,3 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Canada
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20
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Bacchini D, Licenziati MR, Garrasi A, Corciulo N, Driul D, Tanas R, Fiumani PM, Di Pietro E, Pesce S, Crinò A, Maltoni G, Iughetti L, Sartorio A, Deiana M, Lombardi F, Valerio G. Bullying and Victimization in Overweight and Obese Outpatient Children and Adolescents: An Italian Multicentric Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142715. [PMID: 26606393 PMCID: PMC4659571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being overweight or obese is one of the most common reasons that children and adolescents are teased at school. We carried out a study in order to investigate: i) the relation between weight status and school bullying and ii) the relation between weight status categories and types of victimization and bullying in an outpatient sample of Italian children and adolescents with different degrees of overweight from minimal overweight up to severe obesity. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS Nine-hundred-forty-seven outpatient children and adolescents (age range 6.0-14.0 years) were recruited in 14 hospitals distributed over the country of Italy. The participants were classified as normal-weight (N = 129), overweight (N = 126), moderately obese (N = 568), and severely obese (N = 124). The nature and extent of verbal, physical and relational bullying and victimization were assessed with an adapted version of the revised Olweus bully-victim questionnaire. Each participant was coded as bully, victim, bully-victim, or not involved. RESULTS Normal-weight and overweight participants were less involved in bullying than obese participants; severely obese males were more involved in the double role of bully and victim. Severely obese children and adolescents suffered not only from verbal victimization but also from physical victimization and exclusion from group activities. Weight status categories were not directly related to bullying behaviour; however severely obese males perpetrated more bullying behaviour compared to severely obese females. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and bullying among children and adolescents are of ongoing concern worldwide and may be closely related. Common strategies of intervention are needed to cope with these two social health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bacchini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Dipartimento di Pediatria Specialistica e Sistematica, AORN Santobono Pausilipon Annunziata, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Garrasi
- Servizio di Dietologia Clinica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Corciulo
- Centro di Prevenzione Diagnosi e Cura dell’Obesità in Età Evolutiva U.O. Pediatria, Presidio Ospedaliero di Gallipoli, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Driul
- SOC Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- U.O. di Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Perla Maria Fiumani
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Pesce
- UOC di Malattie Metaboliche ed Endocrinologia Pediatrica A.O.U. Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- U.O.S. di Patologia Endocrina Autoimmune, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Palidoro, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Maltoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Unità Operativa di Pediatria, Programma di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Universitario S. Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno-Infantili e dell’Adulto, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Divisione di Auxologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Verbania, Italy
| | - Manuela Deiana
- Clinica Pediatrica, Ospedale F. Del Ponte, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Giuliana Valerio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Qualter P, Murphy SM, Abbott J, Gardner KJ, Japel C, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Tremblay RE. Developmental associations between victimization and body mass index from 3 to 10 years in a population sample. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:109-22. [PMID: 27539933 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the current prospective study, we investigated (1) whether high and low BMI in early childhood puts a child at risk of victimization by their peers, and (2) whether being victimized increases BMI over the short- and long-term, independent of the effect of BMI on victimization. We also examined whether gender moderated these prospective associations. Participants were 1,344 children who were assessed yearly from ages 3 to 10 years as part of the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). BMI predicted annual increases in victimization for girls aged 6 years and over; for boys aged 7 and 8 years of age, higher BMI reduced victimization over the school year. Further, victimization predicted annual increases in BMI for girls after age 6 years. When these short-term effects were held constant, victimization was also shown to have a three and 5-year influence on annual BMI changes for girls from age 3 years. These short- and long-term cross-lagged effects were evident when the effects of family adversity were controlled. The findings support those from previous prospective research showing a link between higher BMI and victimization, but only for girls. Further, being victimized increased the likelihood that girls would put on weight over time, which then increased future victimization. The implications of these prospective findings for interventions are considered. Aggr. Behav. 42:109-122, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Qualter
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Suzanne M. Murphy
- Institute of Health Research; University of Bedfordshire; Hitchin Road Luton UK
| | - Janice Abbott
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
| | - Kathryn J. Gardner
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston Lancashire UK
| | - Christa Japel
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM); Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psycho-education; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology; Université Laval; Québec City Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Psychology; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (GRIP); which is a multi-university (; Université de Montréal; Université Laval, and McGill University) research centre
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences; University College Dublin; Ireland
- International Laboratory for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Development; INSERM, U669; Paris France
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22
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Powell PA, Simpson J, Overton PG. Self-affirming trait kindness regulates disgust toward one's physical appearance. Body Image 2015; 12:98-107. [PMID: 25462888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In two studies, self-affirming the behavioral trait of kindness was examined as a method of regulating state disgust toward one's physical appearance. In Study 1, 56 participants (37 women, 19 men, Mage=33.16 years) completed either a questionnaire designed to self-affirm kindness or a control equivalent and rated their disgust, anger, sadness, and happiness toward their appearance and behavior. In Study 2, 116 individuals (83 women, 33 men, Mage=24.90 years) participated in the same experiment over the internet in an ecologically valid context. When controlling for trait self-disgust, the self-affirmed in Study 1 reported significantly less disgust toward their appearance (ηp(2)=.12, p=.011). This effect was replicated in Study 2, but driven by lower state disgust levels in those higher in trait self-disgust (f(2)=.10, p=.001). Affirming valued traits, like kindness, may be a useful tool for regulating disgust toward body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Powell
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paul G Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Rees RW, Caird J, Dickson K, Vigurs C, Thomas J. 'It's on your conscience all the time': a systematic review of qualitative studies examining views on obesity among young people aged 12-18 years in the UK. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004404. [PMID: 24785398 PMCID: PMC4010837 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perspectives of young people in the UK on obesity, body size, shape and weight. DESIGN Systematic review of qualitative studies using thematic synthesis. DATA SOURCES Sensitive searches of 18 electronic databases from 1997 to February 2010 supplemented by grey literature searches. STUDY SELECTION Studies produced since 1997 using qualitative methods to collect perspectives of people aged 12-18 years in the UK, reporting methods for data collection or analysis. Studies of people with eating disorders and those rated low in reliability and usefulness were excluded. RESULTS Searches identified 30 studies involving over 1400 young people from a range of contexts. Young people of all sizes placed considerable emphasis on personal responsibility, and on the social, rather than health implications of being overweight. Young people with experience of obesity described severe, unrelenting, size-related abuse and isolation. Regardless of their own size, young people were judgemental of individuals who were overweight, but those with experience of obesity described an environment that contained multiple barriers to weight loss. Only one study asked young people directly what might support them to have a healthy body size. Study findings were configured under three main themes, labelled with quotes from included studies: general perceptions of size and society's responses ('It's on your conscience all the time'); the experiences of young people who were overweight ('If I had the choice I wouldn't be this size') and these larger young people's experiences of trying to loose weight and suggestions for action ('Make sure, even when it's hard, you've got people there'). CONCLUSIONS The perspectives of young people in the UK, when synthesised across the spectrum of body sizes, paint a picture of a stigmatising and abusive social world. Research and policy need to engage young people actively so as to address the social implications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W Rees
- EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Department of Children and Health, Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK
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24
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Williams NA, Fournier J, Coday M, Richey PA, Tylavsky FA, Hare ME. Body esteem, peer difficulties and perceptions of physical health in overweight and obese urban children aged 5 to 7 years. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:825-34. [PMID: 22882115 PMCID: PMC3499634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an association between body mass index (BMI) and body esteem in young overweight and obese urban children, and to test peer relationship difficulties and perceived physical health as mediators of this relationship. METHODS Child self-reported body esteem, and parent-reported child peer relationship difficulties (being bullied by peers and peer rejection) and physical health perceptions were obtained from 218 overweight and obese children aged 5-7 years (81% racial/ethnic minority, M BMI = 25.3) and their primary caregivers. RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with lower body esteem for both girls and boys. This relation was mediated by poor physical health for boys but not for girls. Peer relationship difficulties did not mediate the observed association between BMI and body esteem in either group; however, girls with higher BMI experienced more bullying and being bullied by peers was associated with lower body esteem in girls. CONCLUSIONS Intervening with perceptions of physical health may buffer overweight and obese boys from developing low body esteem in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Fournier
- Department of Preventive Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - M. Coday
- Department of Preventive Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - P. A. Richey
- Department of Preventive Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - F. A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - M. E. Hare
- Departments of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis; TN; USA
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25
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Jensen JF, Petersen MH, Larsen TB, Jørgensen DG, Grønbaek HN, Midtgaard J. Young adult women's experiences of body image after bariatric surgery: a descriptive phenomenological study. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:1138-49. [PMID: 24131222 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the lived experience of body image in young women after obesity surgery. BACKGROUND Quantitative studies have documented that health-related quality of life and body image are improved after bariatric surgery, probably due to significant weight loss. Female obesity surgery candidates are likely to be motivated by dissatisfaction regarding physical appearance. However, little is known about the experience of the individual woman, leaving little understanding of the association between bariatric surgery and changes in health-related quality of life and body image. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study. METHODS Data were collected over 4 months during 2010. Selection for interview was carried out through purposeful sampling. The participants were five young women who underwent bariatric surgery (range: 1-12 months). In-depth, semi-structured interviews were analysed by systematic text condensation influenced by Giorgi's phenomenological method and supplemented by elements from narrative analysis. FINDINGS The analysis revealed three concepts: solution to an unbearable problem, learning new boundaries and hopes of normalization. These revelatory concepts were synthesized into one major theme: on the edge of control, that is describing these women's feelings of being on the edge of balance between control and loss of control. CONCLUSION Perception of control may be an essential aspect of body image and the key to understanding these young women's feelings of empowerment and quality of life through body control postbariatric surgery. Future studies should focus on how body control is an essential aspect of body image, which may contribute to long-term weight loss maintenance and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet F Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hillerød Hospital, Denmark
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26
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Arora T, Hosseini-Araghi M, Bishop J, Yao GL, Thomas GN, Taheri S. The complexity of obesity in U.K. adolescents: relationships with quantity and type of technology, sleep duration and quality, academic performance and aspiration. Pediatr Obes 2013; 8:358-66. [PMID: 23239604 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary technology and multiple device use may link to increased body mass index (BMI). The sleep-obesity relationship is inconsistent in adolescents. Sleep duration and quality may have crucial connections to obesity development, particularly in adolescents where sleep alterations are common. Elevated BMI in adolescents may influence academic performance and aspiration, but data are limited. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study was to assess the linear associations between BMI z-score and (i) quantity/type of technology used; (ii) sleep quantity/quality and (iii) academic performance/aspiration. METHODS Consenting adolescents (n = 624; 64.9% girls, aged 11-18 years) were recruited. The Schools Sleep Habits Survey and Technology Use Questionnaire were administered. Objective measures of height/weight were obtained. RESULTS Quantity of technology was positively associated with BMI z-score β = 0.10, P < 0.01. Those who always engaged in video gaming had significantly higher BMI z-score vs. never-users, β = 1.00, P < 0.001. Weekday sleep duration and sleep onset latency were related to BMI z-score, β = -0.24, P < 0.001 and β = 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively. An inverse linear association was observed between BMI z-score and academic performance, β = -0.68, P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed prospectively, reducing bedtime use of technology and improving sleep hygiene in adolescents could be an achievable intervention for attenuating obesity with potentially positive effects on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arora
- Birmingham and Black Country NIHR CLAHRC, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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27
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Lachal J, Orri M, Speranza M, Falissard B, Lefevre H, Moro MR, Revah-Levy A. Qualitative studies among obese children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev 2013; 14:351-68. [PMID: 23210485 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a complex condition involving medical, social, moral and cultural issues. Qualitative approaches are of great value in understanding this complexity. This meta-synthesis of 45 qualitative studies deals specifically with the issue of obesity in children and adolescents from different perspectives--those of obese children and adolescents, of parents, and of health professionals providing support to the family. Our aim was to obtain a coherent view of child and adolescent obesity, focused on clinical and personal experience. The themes derived from the synthesis process fall under three main axes: 'Seeing others, seeing oneself', 'Understanding others, understanding oneself', and 'Treating others, treating oneself'. It emerges that participants in all three groups had equal difficulty in perceiving and labelling obesity, mainly because of their lack of any real common ground. The insufficiency of shared representations destabilizes the therapeutic relationship and its construction: an important issue in the doctor-child-parent relationship in this context is the need to exchange their viewpoints of obesity. Health workers may also expand their understanding of obesity by incorporating the personal experiences of obese children and their parents in order to match treatment plans to their needs and expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lachal
- INSERM, U-669 PSIGIAM, Paris, France.
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28
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Centis E, Marzocchi R, Di Luzio R, Moscatiello S, Salardi S, Villanova N, Marchesini G. A controlled, class-based multicomponent intervention to promote healthy lifestyle and to reduce the burden of childhood obesity. Pediatr Obes 2012; 7:436-45. [PMID: 22911919 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity prevention in childhood and adolescence represent a priority for public health; school is a privileged place for health promotion interventions. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to test the effectiveness of a multicomponent 5-month intervention on the habits of primary school children, making the families aware of the importance of healthy choices. METHODS Two hundred nine children attending the fourth class of primary school, divided into interventional (n = 103) and control arm (n = 106) were included in the study. In the intervention group, parents and teachers received more intense lifestyle counseling, associated with weekly motivational telephone calls to families to motivate further their lifestyle changes. Standard deviation score (SDS) body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome measure; on open-air games and TV watching were secondary outcomes. RESULTS At baseline, no differences were observed between groups. At 8-month follow-up, mean SDS BMI had decreased by 0.06 units in the intervention arm and increased by 0.12 in controls (time × treatment anova, P < 0.002). Outdoor activities increased from 6.23 h week(-1) to 9.93 in the intervention group (P < 0.001), not in controls. This change was associated differences in TV watching from baseline (intervention, -0.96 h week(-1); P = 0.037; controls, +1.33 h week(-1); P = 0.031). CONCLUSION A multicomponent school-based intervention addressing the needs of children, teachers and families produced a significant and favourable short-term effect on overweight/obese schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Centis
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases & Clinical Dietetics, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Puhl RM, Peterson JL, Luedicke J. Strategies to address weight-based victimization: youths' preferred support interventions from classmates, teachers, and parents. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:315-27. [PMID: 23117953 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Weight-Based Victimization is a frequent experience for adolescents who are overweight or obese, and is associated with numerous psychosocial and physical consequences for those who are targets of victimization. Assessing targets` preferences for different types of support and intervention has been absent in the context of weight-based victimization, but is needed to help inform potential interventions, motivate action, and identify strategies to help adolescents cope with experiences of weight-related teasing or bullying. Adolescents (14-18 years, N = 361, 40 % female, 71 % Caucasian) enrolled in national weight-loss camps completed an on-line survey. Participants who reported previous experiences of weight-based victimization were surveyed about their preferred interventions from peers, friends, teachers, Physical Education (PE) teachers/coaches, and parents. Participants indicated their preferences for specific strategies pertaining to target support, bullying intervention and prevention (e.g., inclusion in peer activities, confronting the bully, telling an adult, and improving anti-bullying policies). Friends (66 %) and peers (58 %) were the most highly preferred intervention agents followed by teachers (55 %), PE teachers/coaches (44 %), and parents (43 %). Participants who experienced more weight-based victimization expressed increased desire for intervention. The frequency of victimization, social support from friends and family, and perceived likelihood and helpfulness of intervention significantly influenced participant preferences for certain types of intervention, although preferences were generally consistent across participants' characteristics. The current study is the first to document youth's preferences for interventions in response to weight-based victimization. The findings have important implications for encouraging appropriate intervention and informing bystanders, which may help to reduce the prevalence, recurrence, and consequences for youth who are targets of weight-based teasing or bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T. Browne
- New Hope Pediatric and Adolescent Weight Management Project, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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31
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Abstract
Considerable attention has been given to the behaviors that need to be changed in individuals who are overweight and obese. Much less attention has been given to the behaviors that need to be changed in health care professionals who treat these individuals. Specifically, health care professionals, similar to the general population, have been shown to engage in weight-based discrimination. The impact this may have on patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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32
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Stankov I, Olds T, Cargo M. Overweight and obese adolescents: what turns them off physical activity? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:53. [PMID: 22554016 PMCID: PMC3419100 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review of qualitative studies was undertaken to understand the barriers to physical activity experienced by adolescents who were overweight or obese. From a search of electronic databases and 'grey' literature, published between 1950 and 2009, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Bronfenbrenner's model of human development provided an ecological lens for identifying and synthesising barriers to physical activity. Two reviewers appraised study quality. Miles and Huberman's cross-case analysis was integrated with thematic networking to synthesize the individual, interpersonal and environmental level barriers for boys and girls of different ethnicities and socioeconomic status, across school settings and generalised context. Thirty-five barriers were identified, 13 of which occurred in physical activity situations in the school setting, 18 were not linked to a specific setting, and the remainder were common across both contexts. The fact that these barriers emerged from studies that focused on topics such as victimisation and mental health is particularly poignant and reflects the potentially pervasive influence of adolescent's excessive weight not only in relation to physical activity situations but other aspects of their lives. Furthermore, socioeconomic status and ethnicity was poorly considered, with only one study linking these participant characteristics to quotations and discussing the potential implications. At present, there are few qualitative studies with sufficiently thick description or interpretive validity that provide insight into this vulnerable group of adolescents, and give them a voice to influence policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stankov
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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33
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Ali MM, Amialchuk A, Rizzo JA. The influence of body weight on social network ties among adolescents. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 10:20-34. [PMID: 22056235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of negative stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards obese individuals has been widely documented. However, the effect of a larger body size on social network ties or friendship formations is less well understood. In this paper, we explore the extent to which higher body weight results in social marginalization of adolescents. Using data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents, we estimate endogeneity-corrected models including school-level fixed effects that account for bi-directionality and unobserved confounders to ascertain the effect of body weight on social network ties. We find that obese adolescents have fewer friends and are less socially integrated than their non-obese counterparts. We also find that such penalties in friendship networks are present among whites but not African-Americans or Hispanics, with the largest effect among white females. These results are robust to common environmental influences at the school-level and to controls for preferences, risk attitudes, low self-esteem and objective measures of physical attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir M Ali
- Office of Regulations, Policy & Social Science, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Food & Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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34
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Puhl RM, Luedicke J, Heuer C. Weight-based victimization toward overweight adolescents: observations and reactions of peers. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2011; 81:696-703. [PMID: 21972990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-based victimization has become increasingly reported among overweight youth, but little is known about adolescents' perceptions and observations of weight-based teasing and bullying. This study examined adolescents' observations of and reactions to weight-based victimization toward overweight students at school. METHODS Adolescents (N = 1555) at 2 high schools in central Connecticut completed a questionnaire that examined their perceptions of how common weight-based victimization is compared to other forms of teasing at school, what types of weight-based teasing are frequently observed, who typical perpetrators of weight-based victimization are, and their own reactions to observed teasing incidents. Participants also completed the Fat Phobia Scale. RESULTS Participants perceived being overweight as a primary reason that peers are victimized at school. At least 84% of participants observed overweight students being teased in a mean way and teased during physical activities, and 65% to 77% of students observed overweight and obese peers being ignored, avoided, excluded from social activities, having negative rumors spread about them, and being teased in the cafeteria. Most students also observed verbal threats and physical harassment toward overweight and obese students. Although the majority of participants felt comfortable stepping in to help an overweight peer who has been teased, many remain passive bystanders following these incidents. CONCLUSION Youth perceive frequent and multiple forms of weight-based victimization. Schools' efforts to address weight bias and assist overweight and obese students are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8369, USA.
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35
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Meta-leadership in a Farm to School program: improving childhood nutrition in Kentucky. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-011-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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36
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Weight-Based Victimization Among Adolescents in the School Setting: Emotional Reactions and Coping Behaviors. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:27-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Taylor VS, Ye J, Mack D, Fry-Johnson Y, Smith Q, Harris CL. Overweight in School-Aged Children Associated With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: Results From a National Sample. J Natl Med Assoc 2011; 103:917-21. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Cserjési R, Vermeulen N, Lénárd L, Luminet O. Reduced capacity in automatic processing of facial expression in restrictive anorexia nervosa and obesity. Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:253-7. [PMID: 21208661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that disordered eating is associated with facial expression recognition and emotion processing problems. In this study, we investigated the question of whether anorexia and obesity occur on a continuum of attention bias towards negative facial expressions in comparison with healthy individuals of normal weight. Thirty-three patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN-R), 30 patients with obesity (OB) and 63 healthy age and social-economic status matched controls were recruited. Our results indicated that AN-R patients were more attentive to angry faces and had difficulties in being attentive to positive expressions, whilst OB patients had problems in looking for or being attentive to negative expressions independently of self-reported depression and anxiety. Our findings did not support the idea that AN-R and OB occur on a continuum. We found that AN-R was associated with a reduced capacity in positive facial expression processing, whereas OB was associated with a reduced capacity in negative facial expressions processing. The social relevance of our findings and a possible explanation based upon neuroscience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Cserjési
- Institute of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Group of the HAS, Pécs University Medical School, Szigeti str. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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39
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Jelalian E, Sato A, Hart CN. The effect of group-based weight control intervention on adolescent psychosocial outcomes: Perceived peer rejection, social anxiety and self-concept. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2011; 40:197-211. [PMID: 23258948 PMCID: PMC3525356 DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2011.590391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of group-based weight control treatment on adolescent social functioning. Eighty-nine adolescents who were randomized to group-based cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) with aerobic exercise (CBT+EXER) or peer enhanced adventure therapy (CBT+PEAT) completed measures of social functioning at baseline, end of treatment, and 12-month follow-up. Results demonstrated significant reductions in adolescent perceptions of peer rejection and social anxiety over time with no significant demonstrated group differences. Improvements in social functioning were related to increases in self-concept dimensions. Findings demonstrate benefits of group-based weight control treatment for enhancing adolescent self-perceived social functioning across multiple domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Amy Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Chantelle N Hart
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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40
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Brewis AA, Hruschka DJ, Wutich A. Vulnerability to fat-stigma in women's everyday relationships. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:491-497. [PMID: 21794968 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is understood as a major medical and public health challenge, but the stigma attached to it also creates extraordinary suffering. The pervasiveness of morally negative views toward the overweight and obese, such as laziness and lack of self-control, are undeniable in mainstream U.S. society, situated both institutionally (such as health care barriers or media stereotypes) and interpersonally (such as the negative comments of others). To test basic pathways related to the etiology of women's vulnerability to feeling "fat-stigma" in interpersonal relationships, we present a study conducted between August and November 2009 that combines social network, anthropometric, body image, and interview data for 112 women aged 18-45 years, living in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S., and linked follow-up interviews with 823 of their social ties. Based on the proposition that some social network characteristics should amplify the personal experience of stigma, and others should ameliorate it, we ask: what relationship qualities make women more sensitive to the judgments of others about their weight? We find that what others say about women has only a very limited influence on how women judge others' negative views of their weight once actual body size is taken into account, but that women are more influenced by the opinions of those they are closer to and interact with more often. Ultimately, the degree to which women perceive themselves to be judged by others regarding their weight is not well explained by the actual opinions of people in their networks, either known or unknown to them. The assumption that social network norms exert considerable influence on people's stigma experiences needs to be carefully evaluated, at least in the domain of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA.
| | - Daniel J Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA
| | - Amber Wutich
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA
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41
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Griffiths LJ, Dezateux C, Hill A. Is obesity associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:e423-32. [PMID: 21114457 PMCID: PMC3465802 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.526221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between obesity and emotional and behavioural problems in a nationally representative sample of young children. Methods. Data were available from 11 202 children (50% boys) participating in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Height and weight were measured at 3 and 5 years and children defined as obese using IOTF cut-offs for body mass index (BMI). Emotional and behavioural problems were parentally assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Adjusted linear and multinomial regression analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Results. At age 3, obese boys had more conduct problems, and obese girls had more prosocial behaviours, than their normal weight counterparts. At age 5, obese boys had more conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention problems, peer relationship problems and total difficulties. Obese girls only had more peer relationship problems. Obese 3-year-olds were not at increased risk of abnormal scores; in contrast, obese 5-year-old boys were significantly more likely to have abnormal scores for conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention problems, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviours and total difficulties. Obesity, at age 3, was also predictive of peer relationship problems at age 5 in boys (95% CI: 0.26 [0.01, 0.52]). Conclusions. Childhood obesity is associated with emotional and behavioural problems from a very young age. Obese boys are at particular risk. Further research is required to examine effect modifiers and mediating factors in these associations. Recognition and response to these mental health problems should be a goal of pediatric obesity interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Griffiths
- MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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42
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Bonfà F, Marchetta L, Avanzi M, Baldini E, Raselli R, Uber E, Cabrini S. Exploratory evaluation of an obese population seeking bariatric surgery in an Italian public service. Eat Weight Disord 2010; 15:e119-26. [PMID: 21150247 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a difficult to treat multi-problematic disease. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been regarded as the most effective therapeutic option, however the outcomes strongly depend on baseline conditions and further behavioural modifications. Our aim was to assess the characteristics of severely obese patients seeking BS in a Public Health Service in Italy. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits and the presence of stressful situations associated to weight increase, as well as psychiatric disorders of 111 outpatients attending our BS Program were assessed. Twenty-seven percent of patients have familiar history of obesity (FHO). Differences between patients having or not having a FHO were found for several psychiatric conditions, including lower Bulimic symptoms (p=0.025) and lower use of Alcohol (p=0.045). A total of 28.8% of the participants reported a BED; those patients do not differ in BMI (p=0.437) from non-BED patients but had higher psychological disorders associated to eating disorder, as for example Bulimic symptoms (p=0.000), higher BES scores (p=0.000) and psychological distress, such as Depression (p=0.000). Nearly 50% of patients had any psychiatric disorders and depression was the most common disturbance (32.4%); anxiety disorder was present in 15.3% of patients. Moreover, patients who have disclosed traumatic episodes (11.7%) presented higher distress associated to eating disorder variables, such as BES (p=0.001) and EDI-2 BU scores (p=0.000) and presence of BED (p=0.001), and women are more likely to be in this group (p=0.043). Our report proposes that multiple causative factors play a role in obesity, and we need to take them all into account to plan a comprehensive pre- and post-surgical treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonfà
- Center of Eating Disorders, Ser.T of Cortemaggiore, AUSL of Piacenza, via Libertà 6, 29016 Cortemaggiore (PC), Italy.
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43
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Taylor NL. “Guys, She’s Humongous!”: Gender and Weight-Based Teasing in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558410371128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethnographic research, including individual interviews, focus groups, and participant observation, was conducted to examine how adolescents defined and negotiated the boundaries between normal/acceptable weight and overweight through direct and indirect teasing. In particular, this article focuses on gender differences in weight-based teasing and in the ways boys and girls responded to being teased within the high school context. Findings suggest that girls’ body fat was more closely monitored and criticized than boys’ by both male and female peers. Boys and girls of all sizes and all social groups, including teens who were overweight, were critical of people who displayed body fat. This article argues that by engaging in “othering” discourses of their peers’ body fat, adolescents, regardless of their size, were able to discursively construct themselves as “normal” in comparison. In doing so, they negotiated a higher social rank for themselves and distanced themselves from the reality of everyday fatness.
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44
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Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet during pregnancy causes perturbations in the serotonergic system and increased anxiety-like behavior in nonhuman primate offspring. J Neurosci 2010; 30:3826-30. [PMID: 20220017 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5560-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of behavioral/psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, poor learning, and attention deficient disorder. As the majority of women of child-bearing age are overweight or obese and consume a diet high in dietary fat, it is critical to examine the consequences of maternal overnutrition on the development of brain circuitry that regulates offspring behavior. Using a nonhuman primate model of diet-induced obesity, we found that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused perturbations in the central serotonergic system of fetal offspring. In addition, female infants from HFD-fed mothers exhibited increased anxiety in response to threatening novel objects. These findings have important clinical implications as they demonstrate that exposure to maternal HFD consumption during gestation, independent of obesity, increases the risk of developing behavioral disorders such as anxiety.
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45
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Craig WM, Sue J, Murphy AN, Bauer J. Understanding and Addressing Obesity and Victimization in Youth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/owm.2010.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M. Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Sue
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley N. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bauer
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Brownell KD, Schwartz MB, Puhl RM, Henderson KE, Harris JL. The need for bold action to prevent adolescent obesity. J Adolesc Health 2009; 45:S8-17. [PMID: 19699441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Record levels of obesity in children and adolescents are predictable in light of powerful conditions that promote high consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and discourage physical activity. Default conditions for youth are dangerous, and include multiple and relentless forms of marketing, poor foods promoted in schools, and a variety of other conditions that undermine personal resources, individual responsibility, and parental authority. This article discusses how optimal defaults can be created using five issues as examples: framing of the obesity issue, treating versus preventing obesity, nutrition in schools, marketing, and addressing weight bias and discrimination. By adopting a public health approach that addresses the conditions causing obesity, there is hope of reversing troubling trends in prevalence.
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47
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Neumark-Sztainer D. The interface between the eating disorders and obesity fields: moving toward a model of shared knowledge and collaboration. Eat Weight Disord 2009; 14:51-8. [PMID: 19367141 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As more attention is being directed toward obesity, important questions facing the eating disorders field include: How should the eating disorders field deal with this increased focus on obesity? What are some models for work between the eating disorders and obesity fields? This paper briefly describes four potential models of interaction between the fields and possible scenarios demonstrating each model. The first model is one in which the obesity field overpowers the eating disorders field. In the second model, the two fields have minimal opportunities for interaction and for cross-fertilization of ideas. In the third model, there is antagonism and a lack of respect for the other field. The fourth, and recommended model, is one in which the two fields share knowledge to enhance the difficult work of preventing and treating both eating disorders and obesity. Examples of opportunities for shared knowledge and collaboration, and benefits of this fourth model for both the eating disorders and obesity fields, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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