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Rodriguez C, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Ausin K, Escors D, Kochan G. Fractalkine in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8007. [PMID: 39125578 PMCID: PMC11311528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 is one of the 50 up-to-date identified and characterized chemokines. While other chemokines are produced as small, secreted proteins, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is synthetized as a transmembrane protein which also leads to a soluble form produced as a result of proteolytic cleavage. The membrane-bound protein and the soluble forms exhibit different biological functions. While the role of the fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling axis was described in the nervous system and was also related to the migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, its actions are controversial in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. In the present review, we first describe the known biology of fractalkine concerning its action through its cognate receptor, but also its role in the activation of different integrins. The second part of this review is dedicated to its role in cancer where we discuss its role in anti-cancer or procarcinogenic activities.
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Grants
- FIS PI23/00196 Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER
- FIS PI20/00010 Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER
- BMED 036-2023 Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra-FEDER, Spain
- LINTERNA, Ref. 0011-1411-2020-000033 Departamento de Industria, Gobierno de Navarra, Spain
- ARNMUNE, 0011-1411-2023-000111 Departamento de Industria, Gobierno de Navarra, Spain
- ISOLDA project, under grant agreement ID: 848166. Horizon 2020, European Union
- PFIS, FI21/00080 Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.R.); (L.C.); (M.E.); (K.A.)
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (C.R.); (L.C.); (M.E.); (K.A.)
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2
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Innate-Immunity Genes in Obesity. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111201. [PMID: 34834553 PMCID: PMC8623883 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of adipose tissue are thought to be storage and mobilization of the body’s energy reserves, active and passive thermoregulation, participation in the spatial organization of internal organs, protection of the body from lipotoxicity, and ectopic lipid deposition. After the discovery of adipokines, the endocrine function was added to the above list, and after the identification of crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells, an immune function was suggested. Nonetheless, it turned out that the mechanisms underlying mutual regulatory relations of adipocytes, preadipocytes, immune cells, and their microenvironment are complex and redundant at many levels. One possible way to elucidate the picture of adipose-tissue regulation is to determine genetic variants correlating with obesity. In this review, we examine various aspects of adipose-tissue involvement in innate immune responses as well as variants of immune-response genes associated with obesity.
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3
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Nagashimada M, Sawamoto K, Ni Y, Kitade H, Nagata N, Xu L, Kobori M, Mukaida N, Yamashita T, Kaneko S, Ota T. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Signaling Deficiency Exacerbates Obesity-induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6188411. [PMID: 33765141 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system plays an important role in disease progression by regulating inflammation both positively and negatively. We reported previously that C-C chemokine receptors 2 and 5 promote obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice via adipose tissue macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 polarization. Cx3cl1 expression was persistently decreased in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, despite increased expression of other chemokines. Interestingly, in Cx3cr1-/- mice, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis induced by DIO or leptin deficiency were exacerbated. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling deficiency resulted in reduced M2-polarized macrophage migration and an M1-dominant shift of macrophages within eWAT. Furthermore, transplantation of Cx3cr1-/- bone marrow was sufficient to impair glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and regulation of M1/M2 status. Moreover, Cx3cl1 administration in vivo led to the attenuation of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Thus, therapy targeting the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system may be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating M1/M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nagashimada
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yinhua Ni
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- College of Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hironori Kitade
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagata
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Liang Xu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuguhito Ota
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Chamera K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. Shedding light on the role of CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1063-1078. [PMID: 34021899 PMCID: PMC8413165 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a complex and heterogeneous molecular and clinical picture. Over the years of research on this disease, many factors have been suggested to contribute to its pathogenesis. Recently, the inflammatory processes have gained particular interest in the context of schizophrenia due to the increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Within the immunological component, special attention has been brought to chemokines and their receptors. Among them, CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), which belongs to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, and its cognate ligand (CX3CL1) constitute a unique system in the central nervous system. In the view of regulation of the brain homeostasis through immune response, as well as control of microglia reactivity, the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 system may represent an attractive target for further research and schizophrenia treatment. In the review, we described the general characteristics of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis and the involvement of this signaling pathway in the physiological processes whose disruptions are reported to participate in mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. Furthermore, based on the available clinical and experimental data, we presented a guide to understanding the implication of the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 dysfunctions in the course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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5
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Faridvand Y, Haddadi P, Nejabati HR, Ghaffari S, Zamani-Gharehchamani E, Nozari S, Nouri M, Jodati A. Sulforaphane modulates CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and inflammation in palmitic acid-induced cell injury in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7971-7977. [PMID: 33034881 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) has potent anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects on obesity and associated disorder such as diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and metabolic syndrome. fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, play an important role in muscle metabolism by improving insulin-sensitizing effects. Here, in this study we examined the SFN effect on CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1, in C2C12 myotubes in palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The results showed that PA (750 μM) evoked lipotoxicity as a reduction in cell viability, increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, SFN pretreatment attenuated the levels of, IL-6 and TNF-α in C2C12 myotubes exposure to PA. Moreover, SFN pretreatment up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) /heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathway protein in C2C12 cells as indicated by a decrease in ROS levels. Interestingly, PA also caused an increase in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression that SFN abrogated it. We also found the protective effect of SFN agonist PA-induced lipotoxicity with promotes in UCP3 gene expression in C2C12 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that SFN hampers the PA-induced inflammation in C2C12 cells by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and may propose a new therapeutic approach to protect against obesity-associated disorders in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Faridvand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parinaz Haddadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Samira Nozari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (SCARM) Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahmadreza Jodati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Luo R, Guo SM, Li YQ, Yang Y, Li ML, Han M, He XF, Ge SW, Xu G. Plasma fractalkine levels are associated with renal inflammation and outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1549-1558. [PMID: 30010903 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recognized noninvasive biomarker to improve risk stratification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients is scarce. Fractalkine has been shown to play a key role in glomerular disease as chemoattractant, adhesion and even fibrosis factor. The current study assessed the possibility of plasma fractalkine as a novel biomarker in IgAN patients. METHODS Plasma fractalkine was measured in 229 patients with renal biopsy consistent IgAN from 2012 to 2014, and clinical, pathological and prognostic relationships were analyzed. RESULTS The plasma fractalkine levels in IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the creatinine level and 24-h urine protein by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Mesangial hypercellularity was still significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels even after adjustment for other potential predictor variables by multivariate analysis. In addition, the counts of CD20+ B cells or CD68+ macrophage in renal biopsies of IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the plasma fractalkine levels, but not CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we concluded that patients with higher plasma fractalkine levels had higher risk of poor renal outcome compared with those with lower plasma fractalkine levels. No association was observed between the CX3CR1 polymorphisms and clinical parameters including plasma fractalkine levels and prognosis. Recombinant fractalkine induced mesangial cells extracellular matrix synthesis and promoted the migration of microphage cells RAW264.7. CONCLUSIONS Plasma fractalkine levels were associated with creatinine level, 24-h urine protein, mesangial hypercellularity pathological damage, the CD68+ macrophage and CD20+ B cell infiltration in renal tissue and renal outcome in IgAN patients. Plasma fractalkine might be a potential prognosis novel predictor in Chinese patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shui-Ming Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Lan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Wang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Demi R İ, Guler A, Alarslan P, Isil AM, Ucman O, Aslanipour B, Calan M. Fractalkine: an inflammatory chemokine elevated in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine 2019; 65:175-183. [PMID: 31154608 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fractalkine (FKN) is an inflammatory chemokine related to reproductive system and glucose metabolism. There is a link between FKN and steroidogenesis as FKN induces progesterone synthesis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder associated with low progesterone production and insulin resistance. We aimed to explore whether women with PCOS have any difference in FKN levels compared to women without PCOS. We also focused on determination of any association between FKN levels and hormonal-metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. METHODS The current research was designed as a case-control study. Eighty subjects with PCOS and 80 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects with normal menstrual cycle were taken into the study. We measured circulating FKN levels via ELISA methods. RESULTS Circulating FKN levels were higher in women with PCOS than controls (1.93 ± 0.61 vs. 1.22 ± 0.33 ng/ml, P< 0.001). FKN levels showed a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, inflammatory marker hs-CRP, total testosterone, and free-androgen index (FAI), whereas it showed a negative correlation with sex hormone-binding protein in women with PCOS. Linear regression analyses revealed that the link of FKN with BMI, insulin resistance, hs-CRP, and FAI was independent. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of having PCOS was associated with high levels of FKN. CONCLUSIONS Increased FKN levels related to insulin resistance, inflammation and androgens in women with PCOS. FKN may have an inter-related role in different pathophysiologic pathways of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Demi R
- Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Guler
- Department of Family Physician, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Alarslan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Murat Isil
- Department of Family Physician, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ucman
- Department of Family Physician, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Aslanipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Calan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, 35170, Bozyaka, Izmir, Turkey.
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Baldane S, Kendir IC, Kirac CO, Ipekci S, Tekin G, Unlu A, Kebapcilar L. Effects of Glucose Ingestion on Serum Fractalkine Levels in Healthy Subjects and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:373-378. [PMID: 30598635 PMCID: PMC6298459 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractalkine (FKN) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown with increased serum levels in diabetic patients and is considered to contribute to the adipose tissue inflammation by supporting monocyte adhesion to adipocytes which has an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to evaluate the effects of glucose ingestion on the serum fractal - kine levels in healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and newly diagnosed T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 67 patients were included in this study, and they were divided into NGT (n=34) and T2DM (n=33) groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. The serum FKN and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured at 0 and 120 minutes during an OGTT following overnight fasting. RESULTS The 0-minute (basal) and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels were found to be significantly higher in the T2DM group when compared to the NGT group (p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the changes in the basal and 120-minute OGTT FKN levels in the T2DM and NGT groups (p=0.433 and p=0.06, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between the 120-minute OGTT FKN and glucose levels in the study group consisting of all of the patients (r=0.331, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS In this study, basal and post-glycemic load FKN levels were found to be higher in newly diagnosed T2DM patients than those with NGT; however, there was no additional change in FKN levels by glycemic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Baldane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Can Kendir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cem Onur Kirac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ipekci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Tekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Levent Kebapcilar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Xu C, Fang J, Shen H, Wang YP, Deng HW. EPS-LASSO: test for high-dimensional regression under extreme phenotype sampling of continuous traits. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:1996-2003. [PMID: 29385408 PMCID: PMC6454442 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Extreme phenotype sampling (EPS) is a broadly-used design to identify candidate genetic factors contributing to the variation of quantitative traits. By enriching the signals in extreme phenotypic samples, EPS can boost the association power compared to random sampling. Most existing statistical methods for EPS examine the genetic factors individually, despite many quantitative traits have multiple genetic factors underlying their variation. It is desirable to model the joint effects of genetic factors, which may increase the power and identify novel quantitative trait loci under EPS. The joint analysis of genetic data in high-dimensional situations requires specialized techniques, e.g. the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Although there are extensive research and application related to LASSO, the statistical inference and testing for the sparse model under EPS remain unknown. Results We propose a novel sparse model (EPS-LASSO) with hypothesis test for high-dimensional regression under EPS based on a decorrelated score function. The comprehensive simulation shows EPS-LASSO outperforms existing methods with stable type I error and FDR control. EPS-LASSO can provide a consistent power for both low- and high-dimensional situations compared with the other methods dealing with high-dimensional situations. The power of EPS-LASSO is close to other low-dimensional methods when the causal effect sizes are small and is superior when the effects are large. Applying EPS-LASSO to a transcriptome-wide gene expression study for obesity reveals 10 significant body mass index associated genes. Our results indicate that EPS-LASSO is an effective method for EPS data analysis, which can account for correlated predictors. Availability and implementation The source code is available at https://github.com/xu1912/EPSLASSO. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jian Fang
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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ERV1 Overexpression in Myeloid Cells Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12848. [PMID: 28993702 PMCID: PMC5634420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammation is a central pathologic component of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and associated morbidities. The resultant hyperglycemia is deleterious to the normal function of many organs and its control significantly improves survival and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Macrophages play critical roles in both onset and progression of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here we show that systemic activation of inflammation resolution prevents from morbid obesity and hyperglycemia under dietary overload conditions. In gain-of-function studies using mice overexpressing the human resolvin E1 receptor (ERV1) in myeloid cells, monocyte phenotypic shifts to increased patrolling-to-inflammatory ratio controlled inflammation, reduced body weight gain and protected from hyperglycemia on high-fat diet. Administration of a natural ERV1 agonist, resolvin E1, recapitulated the pro-resolving actions gained by ERV1 overexpression. This protective metabolic impact is in part explained by systemic activation of resolution programs leading to increased synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators.
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Dorfman MD, Krull JE, Douglass JD, Fasnacht R, Lara-Lince F, Meek TH, Shi X, Damian V, Nguyen HT, Matsen ME, Morton GJ, Thaler JP. Sex differences in microglial CX3CR1 signalling determine obesity susceptibility in mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14556. [PMID: 28223698 PMCID: PMC5322503 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Female mice are less susceptible to the negative metabolic consequences of high-fat diet feeding than male mice, for reasons that are incompletely understood. Here we identify sex-specific differences in hypothalamic microglial activation via the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway that mediate the resistance of female mice to diet-induced obesity. Female mice fed a high-fat diet maintain CX3CL1-CX3CR1 levels while male mice show reductions in both ligand and receptor expression. Female Cx3cr1 knockout mice develop 'male-like' hypothalamic microglial accumulation and activation, accompanied by a marked increase in their susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. Conversely, increasing brain CX3CL1 levels in male mice through central pharmacological administration or virally mediated hypothalamic overexpression converts them to a 'female-like' metabolic phenotype with reduced microglial activation and body-weight gain. These data implicate sex differences in microglial activation in the modulation of energy homeostasis and identify CX3CR1 signalling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio D. Dorfman
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jordan E. Krull
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - John D. Douglass
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Rachael Fasnacht
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Fernando Lara-Lince
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Thomas H. Meek
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Xiaogang Shi
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Vincent Damian
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Hong T. Nguyen
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Miles E. Matsen
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Gregory J. Morton
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Joshua P. Thaler
- UW Diabetes Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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12
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Zhuang Q, Cheng K, Ming Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis, as the Therapeutic Potential in Renal Diseases: Friend or Foe? Curr Gene Ther 2017; 17:442-452. [PMID: 29446734 PMCID: PMC5902862 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180214092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its highly selective ligand CX3CL1 mediate chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous inflammatory disorders and malignancies. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has recently drawn attention as a potential therapeutic target because it is involved in the ontogeny, homeostatic migration, or colonization of renal phagocytes. We performed a Medline/PubMed search to detect recently published studies that explored the relationship between the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and renal diseases and disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, renal allograft rejection, infectious renal diseases, IgA nephropathy, fibrotic kidney disease, lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury and renal carcinoma. Most studies demonstrated its role in promoting renal pathopoiesis; however, several recent studies showed that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could also reduce renal pathopoiesis. Thus, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is now considered to be a double-edged sword that could provide novel perspectives into the pathogenesis and treatment of renal diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
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13
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Franconi F, Rosano G, Basili S, Montella A, Campesi I. Human cells involved in atherosclerosis have a sex. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:983-1001. [PMID: 27915217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex has been largely described in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is a complex process that involves many cell types such as vessel cells, immune cells and endothelial progenitor cells; however, many, if not all, studies do not report the sex of the cells. This review focuses on sex differences in human cells involved in the atherosclerotic process, emphasizing the role of sex hormones. Furthermore, we report sex differences and issues related to the processes that determine the fate of the cells such as apoptotic and autophagic mechanisms. The analysis of the data reveals that there are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding sex influences in atherosclerosis, largely for the cell types that have not been well studied, stressing the urgent need for a clear definition of experimental conditions and the inclusion of both sexes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Assessorato alle Politiche per la Persona of Basilicata Region, Potenza, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Research Center on Gender and Evaluation and Promotion of Quality in Medicine (CEQUAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Laboratory of Sex-Gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Osilo, Italy.
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Bagci B, Bagci G, Huzmeli C, Sezgin I, Ozdemir O. Associations of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and CCR5 gene variants with hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1163-70. [PMID: 27118566 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the associations of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) V249I, T280M and CCR5-59029 A/G gene polymorphisms in chronic renal failure (CRF) subjects undergoing hemodialysis and to evaluate possible associations of these polymorphisms with hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS A total of 225 CRF subjects undergoing hemodialysis and 201 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. CRF subjects were divided into three major subgroups according to comorbidities including HT (n = 127), DM (n = 65) and AS (n = 33). Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The II genotype and I allele frequencies of CX3CR1 V249I polymorphism were found significantly more frequent in CRF subjects, CRF subjects with DM and CRF subjects with AS compared with controls (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). G allele frequency of CCR5 polymorphism was found significantly more prevalent in CRF subjects with DM than that of controls. Further, GG genotype and G allele frequencies of CCR5 polymorphism were significantly more prevalent in CRF subjects with AS compared with controls (p < 0.05). We also explored these polymorphisms among CRF subjects with and without following comorbidities: HT, DM, AS. We found significant association between CRF subjects with HT and without HT in terms of genotype and allele frequencies of V249I polymorphism (p < 0.05). CX3CR1 T280M polymorphism was not found significantly different in none of the comparisons. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate possible associations between CX3CR1 V249I and CCR5-59029 A/G polymorphisms and/or HT, DM and AS in CRF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnur Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
- Advanced Technology Research Center, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Bagci
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Can Huzmeli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Sezgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ozturk Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Canakkale On Sekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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15
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Golbus JR, Stitziel NO, Zhao W, Xue C, Farrall M, McPherson R, Erdmann J, Deloukas P, Watkins H, Schunkert H, Samani NJ, Saleheen D, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP. Common and Rare Genetic Variation in CCR2, CCR5, or CX3CR1 and Risk of Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease and Glucometabolic Traits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:250-8. [PMID: 27013693 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 coordinate monocyte trafficking in homeostatic and inflammatory states. Multiple small human genetic studies have variably linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes to cardiometabolic disease. We interrogated genome-wide association, exome sequencing, and exome array genotyping studies to ascertain the relationship between variation in these genes and coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and glucometabolic traits. METHODS AND RESULTS We interrogated the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics) (60 801 cases and 123 504 controls), the MIGen and CARDIoGRAM Exome consortia (42 335 cases and 78 240 controls), and Exome Sequencing Project and Early-Onset Myocardial Infarction (ESP EOMI; 4703 cases and 5090 controls) data sets to ascertain the relationship between common, low frequency, and rare variation in CCR2, CCR5, or CX3CR1 with CAD and MI. We did not identify any variant associated with CAD or MI. We then explored common and low-frequency variation in South Asians through Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS; 9058 cases and 8379 controls), identifying 6 variants associated with MI including CX3CR1 V249I. Finally, reanalysis of the European HapMap imputed Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-Analysis (DIAGRAM), Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC), Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT), and Meta-Analysis of Glucose and Insulin-related Traits Consortium (MAGIC) data sets revealed no association with glucometabolic traits although 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in PROMIS were associated with type II diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS No chemokine receptor variant was associated with CAD, MI, or glucometabolic traits in large European ancestry cohorts. In a South Asian cohort, we identified single nucleotide polymorphism associations with MI and type II diabetes mellitus but these did not meet significance in cohorts of European ancestry. These findings suggest the need for larger studies in South Asians but exclude clinically meaningful associations with CAD and glucometabolic traits in Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Golbus
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.).
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Chenyi Xue
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Martin Farrall
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Ruth McPherson
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Panos Deloukas
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Hugh Watkins
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Danish Saleheen
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.R.G.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (N.O.S.), Department of Genetics and McDonnell Genome Institute (N.O.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (W.Z., C.X., D.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (M.F., H.W.); Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (R.M.); Medizinische Klinik II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (J.E.); William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom (P.D.); Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, DZHK, Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany (H.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester & NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom (N.J.S.); Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (S.K.); Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.); Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (S.K.); and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.).
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Oh DY, Olefsky JM. G protein-coupled receptors as targets for anti-diabetic therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:161-72. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Metabolic Effects of CX3CR1 Deficiency in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138317. [PMID: 26393344 PMCID: PMC4579121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fractalkine (CX3CL1-CX3CR1) chemokine system is associated with obesity-related inflammation and type 2 diabetes, but data on effects of Cx3cr1 deficiency on metabolic pathways is contradictory. We examined male C57BL/6 Cx3cr1-/- mice on chow and high-fat diet to determine the metabolic effects of Cx3cr1 deficiency. We found no difference in body weight and fat content or feeding and energy expenditure between Cx3cr1-/- and WT mice. Cx3cr1-/- mice had reduced glucose intolerance assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests at chow and high-fat fed states, though there was no difference in glucose-stimulated insulin values. Cx3cr1-/- mice also had improved insulin sensitivity at hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, with higher glucose infusion rate, rate of disposal, and hepatic glucose production suppression compared to WT mice. Enhanced insulin signaling in response to acute intravenous insulin injection was demonstrated in Cx3cr1-/- by increased liver protein levels of phosphorylated AKT and GSK3β proteins. There were no differences in adipose tissue macrophage populations, circulating inflammatory monocytes, adipokines, lipids, or inflammatory markers. In conclusion, we demonstrate a moderate and reproducible protective effect of Cx3cr1 deficiency on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, and weight gain has been shown to influence the development and clinical expression of various conditions including asthma. The relationships between atopy and obesity remain uncertain, both in adults and in children. Although there are physiopathologic mechanisms which could explain how obesity could influence the immune system and promote the process of sensitization, evidences in favour of a possible role of obesity on the development of atopy have been inconsistent. Furthermore, the bulk of evidence suggests that atopy does not mediate the relationship between obesity and asthma, although in some populations, particularly in children and women, such association has been reported. Such lack of relationship has also been found with rhinoconjunctivitis although it has been observed for atopic dermatitis. Several factors may explain these variable results, including populational or environmental characteristics, socioeconomic status, confounding factors, in addition to sample size, and methodology of the performed studies. The possibility that obesity influences atopy through its effects on sex hormones is suggested by a more frequent link between atopy and obesity in women, particularly postpuberal. Further research should be conducted on the influence of weight gain on atopy and atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Boulet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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19
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Chousterman BG, Boissonnas A, Poupel L, Baudesson de Chanville C, Adam J, Tabibzadeh N, Licata F, Lukaszewicz AC, Lombès A, Deterre P, Payen D, Combadière C. Ly6Chigh Monocytes Protect against Kidney Damage during Sepsis via a CX3CR1-Dependent Adhesion Mechanism. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:792-803. [PMID: 26160897 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes have a crucial role in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenomena occurring during sepsis. Monocyte recruitment and activation are orchestrated by the chemokine receptors CX3CR1 and CCR2 and their cognate ligands. However, little is known about the roles of these cells and chemokines during the acute phase of inflammation in sepsis. Using intravital microscopy in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis, we showed that inflammatory Ly6C(high) monocytes infiltrated kidneys, exhibited altered motility, and adhered strongly to the renal vascular wall in a chemokine receptor CX3CR1-dependent manner. Adoptive transfer of Cx3cr1-proficient monocyte-enriched bone marrow cells into septic Cx3cr1-depleted mice prevented kidney damage and promoted mouse survival. Modulation of CX3CR1 activation in septic mice controlled monocyte adhesion, regulated proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and was associated with the extent of kidney lesions such that the number of lesions decreased when CX3CR1 activity increased. Consistent with these results, the pro-adhesive I249 CX3CR1 allele in humans was associated with a lower incidence of AKI in patients with sepsis. These data show that inflammatory monocytes have a protective effect during sepsis via a CX3CR1-dependent adhesion mechanism. This receptor might be a new therapeutic target for kidney injury during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Chousterman
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation-Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente (SMUR), Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boissonnas
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France;
| | - Lucie Poupel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Camille Baudesson de Chanville
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris-Sud Villejuif, France
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and
| | - Fabrice Licata
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation-Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente (SMUR), Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, U1160, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Lombès
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Deterre
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Didier Payen
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation-Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente (SMUR), Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, U1160, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), University of Paris 06, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1135, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France;
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20
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Shah R, Matthews GJ, Shah RY, McLaughlin C, Chen J, Wolman M, Master SR, Chai B, Xie D, Rader DJ, Raj DS, Mehta NN, Budoff M, Fischer MJ, Go AS, Townsend RR, He J, Kusek JW, Feldman HI, Foulkes AS, Reilly MP. Serum Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Cardiovascular Outcomes and Diabetes: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:266-73. [PMID: 25795074 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a potential mediator of both atherosclerosis and metabolic disease. Studies of the relationship of CX3CL1 with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and metabolic traits are lacking, particularly in the high-risk setting of CKD. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal observational analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Adults with CKD from 7 US sites participating in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. PREDICTOR Quartiles of plasma CX3CL1 levels at baseline. OUTCOMES Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate from a creatinine and cystatin C-based equation, prevalent and incident CVD, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and its criteria, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c level, myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality, and the composite outcome of myocardial infarction/all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among 3,687 participants, baseline CX3CL1 levels were associated positively with several CVD risk factors and metabolic traits, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as prevalent CVD (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P=0.03). Higher CX3CL1 level also was associated with prevalent diabetes (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.16-1.38; P<0.001) in adjusted models. During a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 352 deaths, 176 myocardial infarctions, and 484 composite outcomes. In fully adjusted models, 1-SD higher CX3CL1 level increased the hazard for all-cause mortality (1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.22; P=0.02) and the composite outcome (1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.19; P=0.04). LIMITATIONS Study design did not allow evaluation of changes over time, correlation with progression of phenotypes, or determination of causality of effect. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CX3CL1 level may contribute to both atherosclerotic CVD and diabetes in a CKD cohort. Further studies are required to establish mechanisms through which CX3CL1 affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Shah
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Gregory J Matthews
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Rhia Y Shah
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Catherine McLaughlin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Melanie Wolman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen R Master
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dawei Xie
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Michael J Fischer
- Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and University of Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago; Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL
| | - Alan S Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - John W Kusek
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Harold I Feldman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrea S Foulkes
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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21
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Schaumberg DA, Rose L, DeAngelis MM, Semba RD, Hageman GS, Chasman DI. Prospective study of common variants in CX3CR1 and risk of macular degeneration: pooled analysis from 5 long-term studies. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014; 132:84-95. [PMID: 24287500 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The CX3CR1 gene is implicated as a candidate gene for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) through several lines of evidence. There is uncertainty, however, as to whether common genetic variants in CX3CR1 alter risk of AMD, since prior studies have been inconsistent and mostly limited to evaluation of 2 nonsynonymous variants, T280M (rs3732378) and V249I (rs3732379). OBJECTIVE To determine if common variants in CX3CR1 predict future risk of AMD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective nested case-control study within 5 large study populations with long-term follow-up. We measured genotypes for T280M, V249I, and 13 other common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CX3CR1 gene among people who developed AMD (n = 1110, including 369 with neovascular AMD) and 2532 age- and sex-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We determined the incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs for incidence of AMD for each variant and examined interactions with other AMD-associated variants and modifiable risk factors. RESULTS In additive genetic models, we identified nonsignificant associations with AMD for T280M (RR, 0.87; P = .07) and 3 other SNPs, rs2853707 (RR, 0.88; P = .07), rs12636547 (RR, 0.85; P = .10), and rs1877563 (RR, 0.84; P = .06), 1 of which, rs2853707, is positioned in the CX3CR1 promoter region and was associated with neovascular AMD (RR, 0.75; P = .03). We observed that a recessive model was a better fit to the data for some SNPs, with associations between rs11715522 and AMD (RR, 1.27; P = .03) and between rs2669845 (RR, 3.10; P = .04), rs2853707 (RR, 0.48; P = .050), and rs9868689 (RR, 0.31; P = .02) and neovascular AMD. Moreover, in exploratory analyses, we identified a number of possible interactions including between V249I and rs2669845 and dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids (P = .004 and P = .009, respectively) for AMD; between rs2669845 and obesity (P = .03) for neovascular AMD; between T280M and complement component 3 (C3) R102G for AMD (P = .03); between rs2669845 and Y402H in complement factor H for AMD (P = .04); and between rs2669845, rs2853707, and V249I and C3 R102G for neovascular AMD (P = .008; .04; and .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study failed to identify significant associations between common CX3CR1 variants and AMD after considering the number of SNPs analyzed and multiple comparisons. However, we observed evidence consistent with recessive modes of association and that an effect of CX3CR1 variants may depend on other factors including dietary intake of ω-3 fatty acids, obesity, and genotypes at CFH Y402H and C3 R102G. If replicated in other populations, these findings would support a role for CX3CR1 in AMD but also suggest that its role may involve mechanisms that are independent of the T280M/V249I variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Schaumberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts3Department
| | - Lynda Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Babakurban ST, Erbek SS, Terzi YK, Arslan F, Sahin FI. Fractalkine receptor polymorphism and chronic tonsillitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271:2045-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tao YX, Liang XF. G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 121:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800101-1.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Fractalkine is a chemokine, which has been shown to play important roles in metabolic disease in both animal models and humans. Fractalkine is a key player in the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) mutations have been implicated in obesity. Serum fractalkine levels have been found to be elevated in type 2 diabetic patients, but the role of fractalkine signaling on the pancreatic β cell was unclear. Recently published findings in April 2013 issue of the journal Cell by Lee and Olefsky et al. have implicated fractalkine in β-cell insulin secretion. They demonstrate that Cx3cr1 knockout mice have impaired glucose tolerance resulting from decreased insulin secretion. In addition, fractalkine administration improved glucose tolerance and induced insulin secretion. This modulation of insulin secretion was proposed to result from an increase in intracellular calcium and potentiation of insulin secretion, which occurs in a Gαi and MEK-dependent manner. They also found that Cx3cr1 knockout animals had transcriptional repression of genes important for β-cell function, specifically NeuroD, via induction of ICER-1. One important issue that remains unresolved is how CX3CR1 signaling regulates the potentiation of calcium influx and the distal events in insulin exocytosis. Finally, testing the effects of fractalkine treatment on proliferation and survival in vivo during regenerative conditions would be critical to determine the potential use of this chemokine in diabetes. While these exciting results open the possibility for new therapeutics, there are some concerns about a potential risk for exacerbation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes; University of Michigan; Brehm Center for Diabetes Research; VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System; Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Correspondence to: Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi,
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Lee YS, Morinaga H, Kim JJ, Lagakos W, Taylor S, Keshwani M, Perkins G, Dong H, Kayali AG, Sweet IR, Olefsky J. The fractalkine/CX3CR1 system regulates β cell function and insulin secretion. Cell 2013; 153:413-25. [PMID: 23582329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a regulatory mechanism for pancreatic islet β cell function and insulin secretion. CX3CR1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited a marked defect in glucose and GLP1-stimulated insulin secretion, and this defect was also observed in vitro in isolated islets from CX3CR1 KO mice. In vivo administration of FKN improved glucose tolerance with an increase in insulin secretion. In vitro treatment of islets with FKN increased intracellular Ca(2+) and potentiated insulin secretion in both mouse and human islets. The KO islets exhibited reduced expression of a set of genes necessary for the fully functional, differentiated β cell state, whereas treatment of wild-type (WT) islets with FKN led to increased expression of these genes. Lastly, expression of FKN in islets was decreased by aging and high-fat diet/obesity, suggesting that decreased FKN/CX3CR1 signaling could be a mechanism underlying β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Arli B, Irkec C, Menevse S, Yilmaz A, Alp E. Fractalkine gene receptor polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2012; 123:31-7. [PMID: 22916723 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2012.723079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been intensely investigated in recent years, some associated molecules still have not been examined. For instance, no study has been conducted to investigate a possible polymorphism in the fractalkine receptor gene. METHODS In order to examine fractalkine gene receptor polymorphisms, 3 mL of serum from 92 MS patients and 91 controls were stored at -20°C. DNA was extracted from the serum samples that were purified, and the gene regions in CX3CR1 (i.e., the fractalkine regions) containing the T280M and V294I fractalkine receptor haplotypes were amplified via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The obtained fragments were then cut using restriction enzymes, and agarose gel electrophoresis was performed. RESULTS In a comparison of the patients and controls, we found that the median values of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores among genotypes of the V294I polymorphism in the fractalkine gene receptor were statistically higher in genotype II than genotype VI. Also, relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) was statistically higher in genotype VI than in genotype II, whereas the frequency of secondary progressive MS (SPMS) was statistically higher in genotype VV than in the genotype VI for the same polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Although many polymorphism studies have focused on patients with MS, there is no polymorphism study about the fractalkine receptor which is a chemokine and plays an important role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Our results provide information about disease progression and may also be beneficial in developing new strategies for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Arli
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Aghamohammadzadeh R, Heagerty AM. Obesity-related hypertension: epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatments, and the contribution of perivascular adipose tissue. Ann Med 2012; 44 Suppl 1:S74-84. [PMID: 22713152 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.663928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of the obesity epidemic has highlighted the need to re-assess more closely the pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension with the aim of identifying new therapies. In this article, we review the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, and inflammation in relation to the pathophysiology of this condition. We also discuss the potential role of the perivascular adipose tissue in the context of obesity-related hypertension.
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28
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:91-4. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32834fd85c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Shah R, Hinkle CC, Ferguson JF, Mehta NN, Li M, Qu L, Lu Y, Putt ME, Ahima RS, Reilly MP. Fractalkine is a novel human adipochemokine associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:1512-8. [PMID: 21525510 PMCID: PMC3292325 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte infiltration of adipose is a critical determinant of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1) comprise a chemokine system involved in leukocyte recruitment and adhesion in atherosclerosis, but its role in adipose inflammation and type 2 diabetes is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CX3CL1 mRNA and protein were quantified in subcutaneous adipose and blood during experimental human endotoxemia and in lean and obese human adipose. CX3CL1 cellular source was probed in human adipocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, and CX3CL1-blocking antibodies were used to assess its role in monocyte-adipocyte adhesion. The association of genetic variation in CX3CR1 with metabolic traits was determined in a community-based sample. Finally, plasma CX3CL1 levels were measured in a case-control study of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Endotoxemia induced adipose CX3CL1 mRNA (32.7-fold, P < 1 × 10(-5)) and protein (43-fold, P = 0.006). Obese subjects had higher CX3CL1 levels in subcutaneous adipose compared with lean (0.420 ± 0.387 vs. 0.228 ± 0.187 ng/mL, P = 0.04). CX3CL1 was expressed and secreted by human adipocytes and stromal vascular cells. Inflammatory cytokine induction of CX3CL1 in human adipocytes (27.5-fold mRNA and threefold protein) was completely attenuated by pretreatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist. A putative functional nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3732378) in CX3CR1 was associated with adipose and metabolic traits, and plasma CX3CL1 levels were increased in patients with type 2 diabetes vs. nondiabetics (0.506 ± 0.262 vs. 0.422 ± 0.210 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CX3CL1-CX3CR1 is a novel inflammatory adipose chemokine system that modulates monocyte adhesion to adipocytes and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. These data provide support for CX3CL1 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Blotting, Western
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Adhesion/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CX3CL1/blood
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine C. Hinkle
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingyao Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Qu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yun Lu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Corresponding author: Muredach P. Reilly,
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Forno E, Lescher R, Strunk R, Weiss S, Fuhlbrigge A, Celedón JC. Decreased response to inhaled steroids in overweight and obese asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:741-9. [PMID: 21377042 PMCID: PMC3056233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms and consequences of the observed association between obesity and childhood asthma are unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the effect of obesity on treatment responses to inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic children. METHODS We performed a post hoc analysis to evaluate the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and treatment with inhaled budesonide on lung function in the Childhood Asthma Management Program trial. Participants were then stratified into overweight/obese and nonoverweight groups, and their response to inhaled budesonide was analyzed longitudinally over the 4 years of the trial. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between BMI and budesonide for prebronchodilator FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (P = .0007) and bronchodilator response (BDR; P = .049) and a nonsignificant trend for an interaction between BMI and budesonide on prebronchodilator FEV(1) (P = .15). Nonoverweight children showed significant improvement with inhaled budesonide in lung function (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC ratio, and BDR) during the early (years 1-2) and late (years 3-4) stages of the trial. Overweight/obese children had improved FEV(1) and BDR during the early but not the late stage of the trial and showed no improvement in FEV(1)/FVC ratio. When comparing time points at which both groups showed a significant response, the degree of improvement among nonoverweight children was significantly greater than in overweight/obese children at most visits. Nonoverweight children had a 44% reduction in the risk of emergency department visits or hospitalizations throughout the trial (P = .001); there was no reduction in risk among overweight/obese children (P = .97). CONCLUSIONS Compared with children of normal weight, overweight/obese children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program showed a decreased response to inhaled budesonide on measures of lung function and emergency department visits/hospitalizations for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA.
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