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Madrid-Valero JJ, Gregory AM. Behaviour genetics and sleep: A narrative review of the last decade of quantitative and molecular genetic research in humans. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 69:101769. [PMID: 36933344 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade quantitative and molecular genetic research on sleep has increased considerably. New behavioural genetics techniques have marked a new era for sleep research. This paper provides a summary of the most important findings from the last ten years, on the genetic and environmental influences on sleep and sleep disorders and their associations with health-related variables (including anxiety and depression) in humans. In this review we present a brief summary of the main methods in behaviour genetic research (such as twin and genome-wide association studies). We then discuss key research findings on: genetic and environmental influences on normal sleep and sleep disorders, as well as on the association between sleep and health variables (highlighting a substantial role for genes in individual differences in sleep and their associations with other variables). We end by discussing future lines of enquiry and drawing conclusions, including those focused on problems and misconceptions associated with research of this type. In this last decade our knowledge about genetic and environmental influences on sleep and its disorders has expanded. Both, twin and genome-wide association studies show that sleep and sleep disorders are substantially influenced by genetic factors and for the very first time multiple specific genetic variants have been associated with sleep traits and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Madrid-Valero
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Li A, Li X, Zhou T, Ma H, Heianza Y, Williamson DA, Smith SR, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Sleep Disturbance and Changes in Energy Intake and Body Composition During Weight Loss in the POUNDS Lost Trial. Diabetes 2022; 71:934-944. [PMID: 35202470 PMCID: PMC9044134 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To examine associations between sleep disturbance and changes in weight and body composition and the mediating role of changes of appetite and food cravings in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) 2-year weight-loss diet intervention trial, this study included 810 overweight or obese individuals with baseline sleep disturbance assessment who were randomly assigned one of four diets varying in macronutrient composition. Changes in body weight and fat distribution were assessed by DEXA and computed tomography during the 2-year intervention. Participants were asked to provide sleep disturbance levels (no, slight, moderate, or great) at baseline and to recall their sleep disturbances since last visit at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Weight loss during the first 6 months was followed by 1.5 years of steady weight regain. Participants with greater sleep disturbance from baseline to 6 months showed significant losses of body weight (Ptrend <0.001) and waist circumference (Ptrend = 0.002) at 6 months, after multivariate adjustment. Compared with individuals without sleep disturbance at all from baseline to 6 months, those with slight, moderate, or great sleep disturbance showed an elevated risk of failure to lose weight (-5% or more loss) at 6 months, when the maximum weight loss was achieved, with an odds ratio of 1.24 (95% CI 0.87, 1.78), 1.27 (95% CI 0.75, 2.13), or 3.12 (95% CI 1.61, 6.03), respectively. In addition, we observed that the repeatedly measured levels of sleep disturbance over 2 years were inversely associated with the overall weight loss rate (weight changes per 6 months) (Ptrend <0.001). Further, sleep disturbances during weight loss from baseline to 6 months and weight regain from 6 months to 24 months were significantly predictive of total fat, total fat mass percent, and trunk fat percent changes during the 2 years. Our results also indicated that food cravings for carbohydrates/starches, fast food fats, and sweets; cravings, prospective consumption, hunger of appetite measurements; and dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger subscales measured at 6 months significantly mediated the effects of sleep disturbance on weight loss. In conclusion, our results suggested that more severe sleep disturbance during weight loss was associated with an elevated risk of failure to lose weight during the dietary intervention. Food cravings and eating behaviors may partly mediate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Donald A. Williamson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - George A. Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Kocevska D, Barclay NL, Bramer WM, Gehrman PR, Van Someren EJW. Heritability of sleep duration and quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101448. [PMID: 33636423 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and interventional research has highlighted sleep as a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with poor physical and mental health. Emerging evidence from (behavioral) genetic research also shows that sleep characteristics are under strong genetic control. With this study we aimed to meta-analyze the literature in this area to quantify the heritability of sleep duration and sleep quality in the general population. We conducted a systematic literature search in five online databases on January 24th 2020. Two authors independently screened 5644 abstracts, and 160 complete articles for the inclusion criteria of twin studies from the general population reporting heritability statistics on sleep duration and/or quality, and written in English. We ultimately included 23 papers (19 independent samples: 45,328 twins between 6 mo and 88 y) for sleep duration, and 13 papers (10 independent samples: 39,020 twins between 16 and 95 y) for sleep quality. Collectively, we showed that 46% of the variability in sleep duration and 44% of the variability in sleep quality is genetically determined. The remaining variation in the sleep characteristics can mostly be attributed to the unique environment the twins experience, although the shared environment seemed to play a role for the variability of childhood sleep duration. Meta-analyzed heritability estimates for sleep duration, however, varied substantially with age (17% infancy, 20-52% childhood, 69% adolescence and 42-45% adulthood) and reporter (8% parent-report, 38-52% self-report). Heritability estimates for actigraphic and Polysomnography (PSG)-estimated sleep were based on few small samples, warranting more research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic influences when aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to the trajectories of sleep patterns across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desana Kocevska
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola L Barclay
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNI), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Society for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lindberg E, Janson C, Johannessen A, Svanes C, Real FG, Malinovschi A, Franklin KA, Holm M, Schlünssen V, Jogi NO, Gislason T, Benediktsdóttir B. Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations – results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies. Sleep Med 2020; 69:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Twin studies of subjective sleep quality and sleep duration, and their behavioral correlates: Systematic review and meta-analysis of heritability estimates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 109:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Genetics of Circadian and Sleep Measures in Adults: Implications for Sleep Medicine. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kozak AT, Pickett SM, Jarrett NL, Markarian SA, Lahar KI, Goldstick JE. Project STARLIT: protocol of a longitudinal study of habitual sleep trajectories, weight gain, and obesity risk behaviors in college students. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1720. [PMID: 31870336 PMCID: PMC6929294 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in the United States is a serious and preventable health concern. Previous research suggests that habitual short sleep may influence obesity-risk behaviors, such as increased caloric intake, decreased physical activity and increased engagement in sedentary activities (e.g., media consumption, computer usage). Given that existing longitudinal research studies have methodological concerns preventing conclusive interpretations, Project STARLIT was designed to address these limitations and identify future intervention targets. METHODS A sample of young adults (n = 300) will be recruited during the summer prior to entering college. Participants will be screened for eligibility requirements prior to the inclusion in the Time 1 assessment though phone and in-person interviews. Once enrolled, participants will complete four assessments over a two year period (i.e., approximately 8, 16 and 24 months after Time 1). Each assessment will consist of one week of data collection including both objective (i.e., habitual sleep, physical activity, body fat composition) and subjective (i.e., sleep diary, 24-h food recall, technology use, and sleep-related beliefs/behaviors) measures. DISCUSSION Project STARLIT is designed to address methodological concerns of previous research. In addition to clarifying the relationship between habitual short sleep and weight gain among young adults, the proposed study will identify problematic obesity risk behaviors associated with habitual short sleep (e.g., increased caloric intake, physical/sedentary activity). The results will identify prevention or intervention targets related to obesity risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04100967, 9/23/19, Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Kozak
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.
| | - Scott M Pickett
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nicole L Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Kari I Lahar
- Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Jason E Goldstick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kumar S, Smith KR, Serrano Negron YL, Harbison ST. Short-Term Memory Deficits in the SLEEP Inbred Panel. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:471-488. [PMID: 32596662 PMCID: PMC7318870 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sleep is heritable and conserved across species, sleep duration varies from individual to individual. A shared genetic architecture between sleep duration and other evolutionarily important traits could explain this variability. Learning and memory are critical traits sharing a genetic architecture with sleep. We wanted to know whether learning and memory would be altered in extreme long or short sleepers. We therefore assessed the short-term learning and memory ability of flies from the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP), a collection of 39 extreme long- and short-sleeping inbred lines of Drosophila. Neither long nor short sleepers had appreciable learning, in contrast to a moderate-sleeping control. We also examined the response of long and short sleepers to enriched social conditions, a paradigm previously shown to induce morphological changes in the brain. While moderate-sleeping control flies had increased daytime sleep and quantifiable increases in brain structures under enriched social conditions, flies of the Sleep Inbred Panel did not display these changes. The SIP thus emerges as an important model for the relationship between sleep and learning and memory.
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Rhoades SD, Bastarache L, Denny JC, Hughey JJ. Pulling the covers in electronic health records for an association study with self-reported sleep behaviors. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1702-1712. [PMID: 30183400 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1508152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The electronic health record (EHR) contains rich histories of clinical care, but has not traditionally been mined for information related to sleep habits. Here, we performed a retrospective EHR study based on a cohort of 3,652 individuals with self-reported sleep behaviors documented from visits to the sleep clinic. These individuals were obese (mean body mass index 33.6 kg/m2) and had a high prevalence of sleep apnea (60.5%), however we found sleep behaviors largely concordant with prior prospective cohort studies. In our cohort, average wake time was 1 hour later and average sleep duration was 40 minutes longer on weekends than on weekdays (p < 10-12). Sleep duration varied considerably as a function of age and tended to be longer in females and in whites. Additionally, through phenome-wide association analyses, we found an association of long weekend sleep with depression, and an unexpectedly large number of associations of long weekday sleep with mental health and neurological disorders (q < 0.05). We then sought to replicate previously published genetic associations with morning/evening preference on a subset of our cohort with extant genotyping data (n = 555). While those findings did not replicate in our cohort, a polymorphism (rs3754214) in high linkage disequilibrium with a previously published polymorphism near TARS2 was associated with long sleep duration (p < 0.01). Collectively, our results highlight the potential of the EHR for uncovering the correlates of human sleep in real-world populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Rhoades
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Jacob J Hughey
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , Tennessee , USA.,c Department of Biological Sciences , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sleep Quality among Adults in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. SLEEP DISORDERS 2018; 2018:8342328. [PMID: 29850261 PMCID: PMC5937373 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8342328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background An estimated 150 million people worldwide and nearly 17% of the populations in the developing nations are currently suffering from sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of sleep quality among adults in Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 randomly selected adults using validated and pretested Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS version 20 considering bivariable (P value < 0.25) and multivariable (P < 0.05) logistic regression procedures at 95% confidence interval. Result The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI score > 5) was 65.4% with higher proportion among males (79 (63.0%)) and age group of 40-49 years (174 (28.6%)). A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age category of 40-49 years (AOR = 2 [95% CI (1.1, 3.6)]) (P = 0.03), monthly income ≤ 1000 ETB (AOR = 2.2 [95% CI (14, 3.5)]) (P = 0.01), current khat chewing (AOR = 1.8 [95% CI (1.1, 3.1)]) (P = 0.03), daily khat chewing (AOR = 3.4 [95% CI (1.2, 11.1)]) (P = 0.04), and obesity (AOR = 1.2 [95% CI (1.3, 2.5)]) (P = 0.03) were identified as risk factors of poor sleep quality. Conclusion The current study is informative for government to work on poverty reduction, create awareness for weight reduction, and develop legislation for khat control to prevent poor sleep quality.
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11
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Selection for long and short sleep duration in Drosophila melanogaster reveals the complex genetic network underlying natural variation in sleep. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007098. [PMID: 29240764 PMCID: PMC5730107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do some individuals need more sleep than others? Forward mutagenesis screens in flies using engineered mutations have established a clear genetic component to sleep duration, revealing mutants that convey very long or short sleep. Whether such extreme long or short sleep could exist in natural populations was unknown. We applied artificial selection for high and low night sleep duration to an outbred population of Drosophila melanogaster for 13 generations. At the end of the selection procedure, night sleep duration diverged by 9.97 hours in the long and short sleeper populations, and 24-hour sleep was reduced to 3.3 hours in the short sleepers. Neither long nor short sleeper lifespan differed appreciably from controls, suggesting little physiological consequences to being an extreme long or short sleeper. Whole genome sequence data from seven generations of selection revealed several hundred thousand changes in allele frequencies at polymorphic loci across the genome. Combining the data from long and short sleeper populations across generations in a logistic regression implicated 126 polymorphisms in 80 candidate genes, and we confirmed three of these genes and a larger genomic region with mutant and chromosomal deficiency tests, respectively. Many of these genes could be connected in a single network based on previously known physical and genetic interactions. Candidate genes have known roles in several classic, highly conserved developmental and signaling pathways—EGFR, Wnt, Hippo, and MAPK. The involvement of highly pleiotropic pathway genes suggests that sleep duration in natural populations can be influenced by a wide variety of biological processes, which may be why the purpose of sleep has been so elusive. One of the biggest mysteries in biology is the need to sleep. Sleep duration has an underlying genetic basis, suggesting that very long and short sleep times could be bred for experimentally. How far can sleep duration be driven up or down? Here we achieved extremely long and short night sleep duration by subjecting a wild-derived population of Drosophila melanogaster to an experimental breeding program. At the end of the breeding program, long sleepers averaged 9.97 hours more nightly sleep than short sleepers. We analyzed whole-genome sequences from seven generations of the experimental breeding to identify allele frequencies that diverged between long and short sleepers, and verified genes and genomic regions with mutation and deficiency testing. These alleles map to classic developmental and signaling pathways, implicating many diverse processes that potentially affect sleep duration.
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Abstract
The circadian clock interacts with the sleep homeostatic drive in humans. Chronotype and sleep parameters show substantial heritability, underscoring a genetic component to these measures. This article reviews the genetic underpinnings of chronotype and of sleep, including sleepiness, sleep quality and latency, and sleep timing and duration in healthy adult sleepers, drawing on candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. Notably, both circadian and noncircadian genes associate with individual differences in chronotype and in sleep parameters. The article concludes with a brief discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA.
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Georges M, Mouillot T, Lombard S, Pénicaud L, Brondel L. La privation de sommeil fait grossir : mythe ou réalité ? NUTR CLIN METAB 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grandner MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF, Tasali E. Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion. J Clin Sleep Med 2015; 11:931-52. [PMID: 26235159 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process. Finally, we outline future directions that will advance our understanding of sleep need and place sleep duration in the broader context of sleep health.
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Kim M, Sasai H, Kojima N, Kim H. Objectively measured night-to-night sleep variations are associated with body composition in very elderly women. J Sleep Res 2015; 24:639-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - Narumi Kojima
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
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Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, Dinges DF, Gangwisch J, Grandner MA, Kushida C, Malhotra RK, Martin JL, Patel SR, Quan SF, Tasali E. Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion. Sleep 2015; 38:1161-83. [PMID: 26194576 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process. Finally, we outline future directions that will advance our understanding of sleep need and place sleep duration in the broader context of sleep health.
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Ji Y, Kong X, Wang G, Hong X, Xu X, Chen Z, Bartell T, Xu X, Tang G, Hou F, Huo Y, Wang X, Wang B. Distribution and determinants of plasma homocysteine levels in rural Chinese twins across the lifespan. Nutrients 2014; 6:5900-14. [PMID: 25529062 PMCID: PMC4277006 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a modifiable, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to describe the gender- and age-specific distribution of Hcy concentration for 1117 subjects aged 10–66 years, a subset of a community-based rural Chinese twin cohort. In addition, we examined environmental and genetic contributions to variances in Hcy concentration by gender and age groups. We found that the distribution pattern for Hcy varied by both age and gender. Males had higher Hcy than females across all ages. Elevated Hcy was found in 43% of male adults and 13% of female adults. Moreover, nearly one fifth of children had elevated Hcy. Genetic factors could explain 52%, 36% and 69% of the variation in Hcy concentration among children, male adults and female adults, respectively. The MTHFR C677T variant was significantly associated with Hcy concentrations. Smokers with the TT genotype had the highest Hcy levels. Overall, our results indicate that elevated Hcy is prevalent in the children and adults in this rural Chinese population. The early identification of elevated Hcy will offer a window of opportunity for the primary prevention of CVD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Ji
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E4132 Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Anzen Hospital, Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E4132 Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E4132 Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E4132 Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Tami Bartell
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Xiping Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Genfu Tang
- School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Fanfan Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, E4132 Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Binyan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the role of sleep disturbance as an important factor in health and disease. Although sub-clinical sleep disturbances (insufficient sleep duration or inadequate sleep quality) may be difficult to assess with conceptual and/or methodological clarity, this review attempts to summarize and synthesize these findings. First, the concept of sleep disturbance in a public health context is introduced, to provide context and rationale. Second, operational definitions of 'cardiometabolic disease' and 'sleep disturbance' are offered, to address many unclear operationalizations. Third, the extant literature is summarized regarding short or long sleep duration and/or insufficient sleep, insomnia and insomnia symptoms, general (non-specific sleep disturbances), circadian rhythm abnormalities that result in sleep disturbances, and, briefly, sleep-disordered breathing. Fourth, the review highlights the social/behavioural context of sleep, including discussions of sleep and race/ethnicity, socio-economic position, and other social/environmental factors, in order to place these findings in a social-environmental context relevant to public health. Fifth, the review highlights the issue of sleep as a domain of health behaviour and addresses issues regarding development of healthy sleep interventions. Finally, a research agenda of future directions is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA
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19
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Genotype by energy expenditure interaction and body composition traits: The Portuguese Healthy Family Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:845207. [PMID: 24791001 PMCID: PMC3984825 DOI: 10.1155/2014/845207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Energy expenditure has been negatively correlated with fat accumulation. However, this association is highly variable. In the present study we applied a genotype by environment interaction method to examine the presence of Genotype x by Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Genotype x by Daily Energy Expenditure interactions in the expression of different body composition traits. Methods and Results. A total of 958 subjects from 294 families of The Portuguese Healthy Family Study were included in the analysis. TDEE and DEE were assessed using a physical activity recall. Body fat percentages were measured with a bioelectrical impedance scale. GxTDEE and GxDEE examinations were performed using SOLAR 4.0 software. All BC traits were significantly heritable, with heritabilities ranging from 21% to 34%. The GxTDEE and GxDEE interaction models fitted the data better than the polygenic model for all traits. For all traits, a significant GxTDEE and GxDEE interaction was due to variance heterogeneity among distinct levels of TDEE and DEE. For WC, GxTDEE was also significant due to the genetic correlation function. Conclusions. TDEE and DEE are environmental constraints associated with the expression of individuals' BC genotypes, leading to variability in the phenotypic expression of BC traits.
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20
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Abstract
Animal studies of delayed eating have provided useful information regarding the potential relationship between nighttime eating and increased weight and metabolic dysregulation, which occur in the absence of increased locomotion or increased caloric intake. We first review recent studies detailing these relationships and possible mechanisms in rodents. We then examine human data showing that sleep restriction leads to increased energy intake and weight gain, followed by a review of the human phenotype of delayed eating, night eating syndrome, and its relation to weight and metabolism. Finally, we examine human experimental studies of delayed eating and discuss preliminary data that show slight weight gain, dysfunction in energy expenditure, and abnormalities in the circadian rhythms of appetitive, stress, and sleep hormones. Well-controlled, longer-term experimental studies in humans are warranted to test the effect of delayed eating without sleep restriction to clarify whether limiting or eliminating nighttime eating could lead to weight loss and significantly improve related disorders, such as diabetes and heart disease, over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., Suite 3027, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1017 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Lane JM, Tare A, Cade BE, Chen TH, Punjabi NM, Gottlieb DJ, Scheer FA, Redline S, Saxena R. Common variants in CLOCK are not associated with measures of sleep duration in people of european ancestry from the sleep heart health study. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:e33-5. [PMID: 23871470 PMCID: PMC4157567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Archana Tare
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Ting-hsu Chen
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Naresh M. Punjabi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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22
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Genderson MR, Rana BK, Panizzon MS, Grant MD, Toomey R, Jacobson KC, Xian H, Cronin-Golomb A, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ. Genetic and environmental influences on sleep quality in middle-aged men: a twin study. J Sleep Res 2013; 22:519-26. [PMID: 23509903 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is a risk factor for a number of cognitive and physiological age-related disorders. Identifying factors underlying sleep quality are important in understanding the etiology of these age-related health disorders. We investigated the extent to which genes and the environment contribute to subjective sleep quality in middle-aged male twins using the classical twin design. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to measure sleep quality in 1218 middle-aged twin men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (mean age = 55.4 years; range 51-60; 339 monozygotic twin pairs, 257 dizygotic twin pairs, 26 unpaired twins). The mean PSQI global score was 5.6 [SD = 3.6; range 0-20]. Based on univariate twin models, 34% of variability in the global PSQI score was due to additive genetic effects (heritability) and 66% was attributed to individual-specific environmental factors. Common environment did not contribute to the variability. Similarly, the heritability of poor sleep-a dichotomous measure based on the cut-off of global PSQI>5-was 31%, with no contribution of the common environment. Heritability of six of the seven PSQI component scores (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction) ranged from 0.15 to 0.31, whereas no genetic influences contributed to the use of sleeping medication. Additive genetic influences contribute to approximately one-third of the variability of global subjective sleep quality. Our results in middle-aged men constitute a first step towards examination of the genetic relationship between sleep and other facets of aging.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies show association between sleep duration and lipid metabolism. In addition, inactivation of circadian genes induces insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. We hypothesized that sleep length and lipid metabolism are partially controlled by the same genes. We studied the association of total sleep time (TST) with 60 genetic variants that had previously been associated with lipids. The analyses were performed in a Finnish population-based sample (N = 6334) and replicated in 2189 twins. Finally, RNA expression from mononuclear leucocytes was measured in 10 healthy volunteers before and after sleep restriction. The genetic analysis identified two variants near TRIB1 gene that independently contributed to both blood lipid levels and to TST (rs17321515, P = 8.92(*)10(-5), Bonferroni corrected P = 0.0053, β = 0.081 h per allele; rs2954029, P = 0.00025, corrected P = 0.015, β = 0.076; P<0.001 for both variants after adjusting for blood lipid levels or body mass index). The finding was replicated in the twin sample (rs17321515, P = 0.022, β = 0.063; meta-analysis of both samples P = 8.1(*)10(-6), β = 0.073). After the experimentally induced sleep restriction period TRIB1 expression increased 1.6-fold and decreased in recovery phase (P = 0.006). In addition, a negative correlation between TRIB1 expression and slow wave sleep was observed in recovery from sleep restriction. These results show that allelic variants of TRIB1 are independently involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and sleep. The findings give evidence for the pleiotropic nature of TRIB1 and may reflect the shared roots of sleep and metabolism. The shared genetic background may at least partially explain the mechanism behind the well-established connection between diseases with disrupted metabolism and sleep.
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