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Belmonte M, Cabrera-Cosme L, Øbro NF, Li J, Grinfeld J, Milek J, Bennett E, Irvine M, Shepherd MS, Cull AH, Boyd G, Riedel LM, Chi Che JL, Oedekoven CA, Baxter EJ, Green AR, Barlow JL, Kent DG. Increased CXCL10 (IP-10) is associated with advanced myeloproliferative neoplasms and its loss dampens erythrocytosis in mouse models. Exp Hematol 2024; 135:104246. [PMID: 38763471 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Key studies in pre-leukemic disorders have linked increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines with accelerated phases of the disease, but the precise role of the cellular microenvironment in disease initiation and evolution remains poorly understood. In myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), higher levels of specific cytokines have been previously correlated with increased disease severity (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interferon gamma-induced protein-10 [IP-10 or CXCL10]) and decreased survival (interleukin 8 [IL-8]). Whereas TNF-α and IL-8 have been studied by numerous groups, there is a relative paucity of studies on IP-10 (CXCL10). Here we explore the relationship of IP-10 levels with detailed genomic and clinical data and undertake a complementary cytokine screen alongside functional assays in a wide range of MPN mouse models. Similar to patients, levels of IP-10 were increased in mice with more severe disease phenotypes (e.g., JAK2V617F/V617F TET2-/- double-mutant mice) compared with those with less severe phenotypes (e.g., CALRdel52 or JAK2+/V617F mice) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Although exposure to IP-10 did not directly alter proliferation or survival in single hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro, IP-10-/- mice transplanted with disease-initiating HSCs developed an MPN phenotype more slowly, suggesting that the effect of IP-10 loss was noncell-autonomous. To explore the broader effects of IP-10 loss, we crossed IP-10-/- mice into a series of MPN mouse models and showed that its loss reduces the erythrocytosis observed in mice with the most severe phenotype. Together, these data point to a potential role for blocking IP-10 activity in the management of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lilia Cabrera-Cosme
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Nina F Øbro
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Milek
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Bennett
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Irvine
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa H Cull
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Boyd
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Riedel
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Lok Chi Che
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Oedekoven
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L Barlow
- Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Centre for Blood Research, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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Hermouet S. Mutations, inflammation and phenotype of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1196817. [PMID: 37284191 PMCID: PMC10239955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1196817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) - polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) - has accumulated since the discovery of the JAK/STAT-activating mutations associated with MPNs: JAK2V617F, observed in PV, ET and PMF; and the MPL and CALR mutations, found in ET and PMF. The intriguing lack of disease specificity of these mutations, and of the chronic inflammation associated with MPNs, triggered a quest for finding what precisely determines that MPN patients develop a PV, ET or PMF phenoptype. The mechanisms of action of MPN-driving mutations, and concomitant mutations (ASXL1, DNMT3A, TET2, others), have been extensively studied, as well as the role played by these mutations in inflammation, and several pathogenic models have been proposed. In parallel, different types of drugs have been tested in MPNs (JAK inhibitors, interferons, hydroxyurea, anagrelide, azacytidine, combinations of those), some acting on both JAK2 and inflammation. Yet MPNs remain incurable diseases. This review aims to present current, detailed knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms specifically associated with PV, ET or PMF that may pave the way for the development of novel, curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Hermouet
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Ge H, Wang C, Tian C, Diao Y, Wang W, Ma X, Zhang J, Li H, Zhao Z, Zhu L. Efficacy of WWQ-131, a highly selective JAK2 inhibitor, in mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Wang JC, Sun L. PD-1/PD-L1, MDSC Pathways, and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Ph(-) Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105837. [PMID: 35628647 PMCID: PMC9143160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in many solid tumor types. However, only a single failed study has been published in treating Ph(-) myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). To make progress in CPI studies on this disease, herein, we review and summarize the mechanisms of activation of the PD-L1 promoter, which are as follows: (a) the extrinsic mechanism, which is activated by interferon gamma (IFN γ) by tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TIL) and NK cells; (b) the intrinsic mechanism of EGFR or PTEN loss resulting in the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways and then stat 1 and 3 activation; and (c) 9p24 amplicon amplification, resulting in PD-L1 and Jak2 activation. We also review the literature and postulate that many of the failures of CPI therapy in MPN are likely due to excessive MDSC activities. We list all of the anti-MDSC agents, especially those with ruxolitinib, IMID compounds, and BTK inhibitors, which may be combined with CPI therapy in the future as part of clinical trials applying CPI therapy to Ph(-) MPN.
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Kiem D, Wagner S, Magnes T, Egle A, Greil R, Melchardt T. The Role of Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179555. [PMID: 34502471 PMCID: PMC8431305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are composed of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The clinical picture is determined by constitutional symptoms and complications, including arterial and venous thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events. MPNs are characterized by mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR, with additional mutations leading to an expansion of myeloid cell lineages and, in PMF, to marrow fibrosis and cytopenias. Chronic inflammation impacting the initiation and expansion of disease in a major way has been described. Neutrophilic granulocytes play a major role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic events via the secretion of inflammatory markers, as well as via interaction with thrombocytes and the endothelium. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology underlying myeloproliferative neoplasms and point out the central role of leukocytosis and, specifically, neutrophilic granulocytes in this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kiem
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandro Wagner
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Teresa Magnes
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.K.); (S.W.); (T.M.); (A.E.); (R.G.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-57255-25801
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Gleitz HF, Benabid A, Schneider RK. Still a burning question: the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:364-371. [PMID: 34232140 PMCID: PMC8373448 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow fibrosis is the progressive replacement of blood-forming cells by reticulin fibres, caused by the acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive the progression of bone marrow fibrosis remain unknown, yet chronic inflammation appears to be a conserved feature in most patients suffering from myeloproliferative neoplasms. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the role of inflammation in driving bone marrow fibrosis, and its effect on the various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell populations. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MPN is primarily driven by the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, together with their mutated progeny, which in turn results in chronic inflammation that disrupts the bone marrow niche and perpetuates a disease-permissive environment. Emerging data suggests that specifically targeting stromal inflammation in combination with JAK inhibition may be the way forward to better treat MPNs, and bone marrow fibrosis specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène F.E. Gleitz
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Benabid
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K. Schneider
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Fisher DAC, Fowles JS, Zhou A, Oh ST. Inflammatory Pathophysiology as a Contributor to Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683401. [PMID: 34140953 PMCID: PMC8204249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), feature clonal dominance and remodeling of the bone marrow niche in a manner that promotes malignant over non-malignant hematopoiesis. This take-over of hematopoiesis by the malignant clone is hypothesized to include hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. In the Ph-negative MPNs, inflammatory cytokines are considered to be responsible for a highly deleterious pathophysiologic process: the phenotypic transformation of polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET) to secondary myelofibrosis (MF), and the equivalent emergence of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Bone marrow fibrosis itself is thought to be mediated heavily by the cytokine TGF-β, and possibly other cytokines produced as a result of hyperactivated JAK2 kinase in the malignant clone. MF also features extramedullary hematopoiesis and progression to bone marrow failure, both of which may be mediated in part by responses to cytokines. In MF, elevated levels of individual cytokines in plasma are adverse prognostic indicators: elevated IL-8/CXCL8, in particular, predicts risk of transformation of MF to secondary AML (sAML). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, also known as TNFα), may underlie malignant clonal dominance, based on results from mouse models. Human PV and ET, as well as MF, harbor overproduction of multiple cytokines, above what is observed in normal aging, which can lead to cellular signaling abnormalities separate from those directly mediated by hyperactivated JAK2 or MPL kinases. Evidence that NFκB pathway signaling is frequently hyperactivated in a pan-hematopoietic pattern in MPNs, including in cells outside the malignant clone, emphasizes that MPNs are pan-hematopoietic diseases, which remodel the bone marrow milieu to favor persistence of the malignancy. Clinical evidence that JAK2 inhibition by ruxolitinib in MF neither reliably reduces malignant clonal burden nor eliminates cytokine elevations, suggests targeting cytokine mediated signaling as a therapeutic strategy, which is being pursued in new clinical trials. Greater knowledge of inflammatory pathophysiology in MPNs can therefore contribute to the development of more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arthur Corpuz Fisher
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jared Scott Fowles
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amy Zhou
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephen Tracy Oh
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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Cominal JG, Cacemiro MDC, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Pereira IEG, Frantz FG, Souto EX, Covas DT, de Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Oliveira MC, Malmegrim KCR, de Castro FA. Bone Marrow Soluble Mediator Signatures of Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665037. [PMID: 34084749 PMCID: PMC8167065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are clonal hematological diseases classified as Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). MPN pathogenesis is associated with the presence of somatic driver mutations, bone marrow (BM) niche alterations, and tumor inflammatory status. The relevance of soluble mediators in the pathogenesis of MPN led us to analyze the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors related to inflammation, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis regulation in the BM niche of MPN patients. Methods Soluble mediator levels in BM plasma samples from 17 healthy subjects, 28 ET, 19 PV, and 16 PMF patients were determined using a multiplex assay. Soluble mediator signatures were created from categorical analyses of high mediator producers. Soluble mediator connections and the correlation between plasma levels and clinic-laboratory parameters were also analyzed. Results The soluble mediator signatures of the BM niche of PV patients revealed a highly inflammatory and pro-angiogenic milieu, with increased levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL12, CXCL10), and growth factors (GM-CSF M-CSF, HGF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6Ra, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, VEGF, and VEGF-R2). ET and PMF patients presented intermediate inflammatory and pro-angiogenic profiles. Deregulation of soluble mediators was associated with some clinic-laboratory parameters of MPN patients, including vascular events, treatment status, risk stratification of disease, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red blood cell count. Conclusions Each MPN subtype exhibits a distinct soluble mediator signature. Deregulated production of BM soluble mediators may contribute to MPN pathogenesis and BM niche modification, provides pro-tumor stimuli, and is a potential target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Illy Enne Gomes Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Gai Frantz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Xisto Souto
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Euryclides de Jesus Zerbini Transplant Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Division of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristina Ribeiro Malmegrim
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Jain A, Deo P, Sachdeva MUS, Bose P, Lad D, Prakash G, Khadwal A, Varma N, Varma S, Malhotra P. Aberrant expression of cytokines in polycythemia vera correlate with the risk of thrombosis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 89:102565. [PMID: 33831662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombo-hemorrhagic complications cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients with polycythemia vera (PV). OBJECTIVES To assay and correlate inflammatory cytokines with the thrombotic risk in PV patients. METHODS This prospective observational study was carried out at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India over 18-months. The study enrolled 52 patients with PV (newly diagnosed = 28, follow-up = 24), and 20 age/sex-matched controls. Cytokine analysis for IL 1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL11, IL12/23p40, TNFα, and IFN-γ was performed on the peripheral blood (before treatment initiation for newly diagnosed cases, and after 7 days of stopping drugs for follow-up cases) by flow cytometry-based cytokine bead analysis (CBA) using CBA kits (BD™ biosciences, USA). Results were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 22.0. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 51.9 ± 13 years. Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12/23p40 were significantly raised, however, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in the PV population as compared to controls. A significant correlation between the levels of IL-6, IL-2, and IL-8 with the overall risk of thrombosis in PV patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS PV patients display an aberrant pattern of plasma cytokine expression, the levels of which correlate with the thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jain
- Department of Haematology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prateek Deo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parveen Bose
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepesh Lad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Khadwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhash Varma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041906. [PMID: 33672997 PMCID: PMC7918142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-2173
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “S. Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
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12
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Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 33672997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906.pmid:33672997;pmcid:pmc7918142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
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13
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Genetics and Pathogenetic Role of Inflammasomes in Philadelphia Negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020561. [PMID: 33429941 PMCID: PMC7827003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has been very important for the quantity of preclinical information obtained regarding chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and the following will be dedicated to the translational implications of the new biological acquisitions. The overcoming of the mechanistic model of clonal evolution and the entry of chronic inflammation and dysimmunity into the new model are the elements on which to base a part of future therapeutic strategies. The innate immune system plays a major role in this context. Protagonists of the initiation and regulation of many pathological aspects, from cytokine storms to fibrosis, the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes guide and condition the natural history of the disease. For this reason, MPNs share many biological and clinical aspects with non-neoplastic diseases, such as autoimmune disorders. Finally, cardiovascular risk and disturbances in iron metabolism and myelopoiesis are also closely linked to the role of inflammasomes. Although targeted therapies are already being tested, an increase in knowledge on the subject is desirable and potentially translates into better care for patients with MPNs.
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14
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N-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-amine Derivatives as Selective Janus Kinase 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14921-14936. [PMID: 33256400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we described a series of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-amine derivatives as selective JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) inhibitors. Systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationship though cyclization modification based on previously reported compound 18e led to the discovery of the superior derivative 13ac. Compound 13ac showed excellent potency on JAK2 kinase, SET-2, and Ba/F3V617F cells (high expression of JAK2V617F mutation) with IC50 values of 3, 11.7, and 41 nM, respectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound 13ac could downregulate the phosphorylation of downstream proteins of JAK2 kinase in cells. Compound 13ac also showed good selectivity in kinase scanning and potent in vivo antitumor efficacy with 82.3% tumor growth inhibition in the SET-2 xenograft model. Moreover, 13ac significantly ameliorated the disease symptoms in a Ba/F3-JAK2V617F allograft model, with 77.1% normalization of spleen weight, which was more potent than Ruxolitinib.
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15
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Ramanathan G, Fleischman AG. The Microenvironment in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2020; 35:205-216. [PMID: 33641864 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines being commonly found in all 3 subtypes. Systemic inflammation is responsible for the constitutional symptoms, thrombosis risk, premature atherosclerosis, and disease evolution in MPN. Although the neoplastic clone and their differentiated progeny drive the inflammatory process, they also induce ancillary cytokine secretion from nonmalignant cells. Here, the authors describe the inflammatory milieu in MPN based on soluble factors and cellular mediators. They also discuss the prognostic value of cytokine measurements in patients with MPN and potential therapeutic strategies that target the cellular players in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 839 Health Sciences Road, Sprague Hall B100, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Angela G Fleischman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 839 Health Sciences Road, Sprague Hall B100, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Irvine Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 839 Health Sciences Road, Sprague Hall 126, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
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16
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Masselli E, Pozzi G, Gobbi G, Merighi S, Gessi S, Vitale M, Carubbi C. Cytokine Profiling in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Overview on Phenotype Correlation, Outcome Prediction, and Role of Genetic Variants. Cells 2020. [PMID: 32967342 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092136.pmid:32967342;pmcid:pmc7564952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among hematologic malignancies, the classic Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are considered a model of inflammation-related cancer development. In this context, the use of immune-modulating agents has recently expanded the MPN therapeutic scenario. Cytokines are key mediators of an auto-amplifying, detrimental cross-talk between the MPN clone and the tumor microenvironment represented by immune, stromal, and endothelial cells. This review focuses on recent advances in cytokine-profiling of MPN patients, analyzing different expression patterns among the three main Philadelphia-negative (Ph-negative) MPNs, as well as correlations with disease molecular profile, phenotype, progression, and outcome. The role of the megakaryocytic clone as the main source of cytokines, particularly in myelofibrosis, is also reviewed. Finally, we report emerging intriguing evidence on the contribution of host genetic variants to the chronic pro-inflammatory state that typifies MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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17
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Masselli E, Pozzi G, Gobbi G, Merighi S, Gessi S, Vitale M, Carubbi C. Cytokine Profiling in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Overview on Phenotype Correlation, Outcome Prediction, and Role of Genetic Variants. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092136. [PMID: 32967342 PMCID: PMC7564952 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among hematologic malignancies, the classic Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are considered a model of inflammation-related cancer development. In this context, the use of immune-modulating agents has recently expanded the MPN therapeutic scenario. Cytokines are key mediators of an auto-amplifying, detrimental cross-talk between the MPN clone and the tumor microenvironment represented by immune, stromal, and endothelial cells. This review focuses on recent advances in cytokine-profiling of MPN patients, analyzing different expression patterns among the three main Philadelphia-negative (Ph-negative) MPNs, as well as correlations with disease molecular profile, phenotype, progression, and outcome. The role of the megakaryocytic clone as the main source of cytokines, particularly in myelofibrosis, is also reviewed. Finally, we report emerging intriguing evidence on the contribution of host genetic variants to the chronic pro-inflammatory state that typifies MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.)
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-052-190-6655 (E.M.); +39-052-103-3032 (M.V.)
| | - Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.)
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-052-190-6655 (E.M.); +39-052-103-3032 (M.V.)
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (G.G.); (C.C.)
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18
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Jutzi JS, Mullally A. Remodeling the Bone Marrow Microenvironment - A Proposal for Targeting Pro-inflammatory Contributors in MPN. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2093. [PMID: 32983162 PMCID: PMC7489333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are malignant bone marrow (BM) disorders, typically arising from a single somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cell. The most commonly mutated genes, JAK2, CALR, and MPL lead to constitutively active JAK-STAT signaling. Common clinical features include myeloproliferation, splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. This review covers the contributions of cellular components of MPN pathology (e.g., monocytes, megakaryocytes, and mesenchymal stromal cells) as well as cytokines and soluble mediators to the development of myelofibrosis (MF) and highlights recent therapeutic advances. These findings outline the importance of malignant and non-malignant BM constituents to the pathogenesis and treatment of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Samuel Jutzi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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19
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Allain-Maillet S, Bosseboeuf A, Mennesson N, Bostoën M, Dufeu L, Choi EH, Cleyrat C, Mansier O, Lippert E, Le Bris Y, Gombert JM, Girodon F, Pettazzoni M, Bigot-Corbel E, Hermouet S. Anti-Glucosylsphingosine Autoimmunity, JAK2V617F-Dependent Interleukin-1β and JAK2V617F-Independent Cytokines in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092446. [PMID: 32872203 PMCID: PMC7564615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation plays a major role in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) as regulator of malignant cell growth and mediator of clinical symptoms. Yet chronic inflammation may also be an early event that facilitates the development of MPNs. Here we analysed 42 inflammatory cytokines and report that in patients as well as in UT-7 cell lines, interleukin-1β and interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) were the main inflammatory molecules found to be induced by JAK2V617F, the most frequent driving mutation in MPNs. All other inflammatory cytokines were not linked to JAK2V617F, which implies that inflammation likely precedes MPN development at least in subsets of MPN patients. Consistently, a possible cause of early, chronic inflammation may be auto-immunity against glucolipids: we report that 20% of MPN patients presented with anti-glucosylsphingoside auto-antibodies. Since existing treatments can reduce glucosylsphingoside, this lysosphingolipid could become a new therapeutic target for subsets of MPN patients, in addition to JAK2V617F and inflammation. Abstract Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) as regulators of the MPN clone and as mediators of clinical symptoms and complications. Firstly, we investigated the effect of JAK2V617F on 42 molecules linked to inflammation. For JAK2V617F-mutated patients, the JAK2V617F allele burden (%JAK2V617F) correlated with the levels of IL-1β, IL-1Rα, IP-10 and leptin in polycythemia vera (PV), and with IL-33 in ET; for all other molecules, no correlation was found. Cytokine production was also studied in the human megakaryocytic cell line UT-7. Wild-type UT-7 cells secreted 27/42 cytokines measured. UT-7 clones expressing 50% or 75% JAK2V617F were generated, in which the production of IL-1β, IP-10 and RANTES was increased; other cytokines were not affected. Secondly, we searched for causes of chronic inflammation in MPNs other than driver mutations. Since antigen-driven selection is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of blood malignancies, we investigated whether proinflammatory glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) may play a role in MPNs. We report that 20% (15/75) of MPN patients presented with anti-GlcSph IgGs, distinguished by elevated levels of 11 cytokines. In summary, only IL-1β and IP-10 were linked to JAK2V617F both in patients and in UT-7 cells; other inflammation-linked cytokines in excess in MPNs were not. For subsets of MPN patients, a possible cause of inflammation may be auto-immunity against glucolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Allain-Maillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Adrien Bosseboeuf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Nicolas Mennesson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Mégane Bostoën
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Laura Dufeu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Eun Ho Choi
- Department of Pathology & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico (NM) Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA; (E.H.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Cédric Cleyrat
- Department of Pathology & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico (NM) Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA; (E.H.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Olivier Mansier
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France;
- INSERM U1034, Université de Bordeaux, UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Lippert
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Brest, 29200 Brest, France;
- INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), UMR 1078, GGB, Université de Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Yannick Le Bris
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | | | - François Girodon
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU Dijon, 21034 Dijon, France;
- INSERM, UMR 1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Magali Pettazzoni
- LBMMS, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UF des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron CEDEX, France;
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1232, CRCINA, University of Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 (IRS-2), 22 Boulevard Benoni Goullin, 44200 Nantes, France; (S.A.-M.); (A.B.); (N.M.); (M.B.); (L.D.); (Y.L.B.); (E.B.-C.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-228080355
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Masarova L, Bose P, Verstovsek S. The Rationale for Immunotherapy in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:310-327. [PMID: 31228096 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The classic, chronic Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)-essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF)-are clonal malignancies of hematopoietic stem cells and are associated with myeloproliferation, organomegaly, and constitutional symptoms. Expanding knowledge that chronic inflammation and a dysregulated immune system are central to the pathogenesis and progression of MPNs serves as a driving force for the development of agents affecting the immune system as therapy for MPN. This review describes the rationale and potential impact of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and targeted agents in MPNs. RECENT FINDINGS The advances in molecular insights, especially the discovery of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation and its role in JAK-STAT pathway dysregulation, led to the development of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, which currently represents the cornerstone of medical therapy in MF and hydroxyurea-resistant/intolerant PV. However, there remain significant unmet needs in the treatment of these patients, and many agents continue to be investigated. Novel, more selective JAK inhibitors might offer reduced myelosuppression or even improvement of blood counts. The recent approval of a novel, long-acting interferon for PV patients in Europe, might eventually lead to its broader clinical use in all MPNs. Targeted immunotherapy involving monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, or therapeutic vaccines against selected MPN epitopes could further enhance tumor-specific immune responses. Immunotherapeutic approaches are expanding and hopefully will extend the therapeutic armamentarium in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0428, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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21
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Abstract
Myeloproliferative diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), are driven by genetic abnormalities and increased inflammatory signaling and are at high risk to transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reported to enhance leukemia immune escape by suppressing an effective anti-tumor immune response. MPNs are a potentially immunogenic disease as shown by their response to interferon-α treatment and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Novel immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibition, tumor vaccination, or cellular therapies using target-specific lymphocytes have so far not shown strong therapeutic efficacy. Potential reasons could be the pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment in the bone marrow of patients with MPN, driving tumor immune escape. In this review, we discuss the biology of MPNs with respect to the pro-inflammatory milieu in the bone marrow (BM) and potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
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22
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Øbro NF, Grinfeld J, Belmonte M, Irvine M, Shepherd MS, Rao TN, Karow A, Riedel LM, Harris OB, Baxter EJ, Nangalia J, Godfrey A, Harrison CN, Li J, Skoda RC, Campbell PJ, Green AR, Kent DG. Longitudinal Cytokine Profiling Identifies GRO-α and EGF as Potential Biomarkers of Disease Progression in Essential Thrombocythemia. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e371. [PMID: 32647796 PMCID: PMC7306314 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by deregulation of mature blood cell production and increased risk of myelofibrosis (MF) and leukemic transformation. Numerous driver mutations have been identified but substantial disease heterogeneity remains unexplained, implying the involvement of additional as yet unidentified factors. The inflammatory microenvironment has recently attracted attention as a crucial factor in MPN biology, in particular whether inflammatory cytokines and chemokines contribute to disease establishment or progression. Here we present a large-scale study of serum cytokine profiles in more than 400 MPN patients and identify an essential thrombocythemia (ET)-specific inflammatory cytokine signature consisting of Eotaxin, GRO-α, and EGF. Levels of 2 of these markers (GRO-α and EGF) in ET patients were associated with disease transformation in initial sample collection (GRO-α) or longitudinal sampling (EGF). In ET patients with extensive genomic profiling data (n = 183) cytokine levels added significant prognostic value for predicting transformation from ET to MF. Furthermore, CD56+CD14+ pro-inflammatory monocytes were identified as a novel source of increased GRO-α levels. These data implicate the immune cell microenvironment as a significant player in ET disease evolution and illustrate the utility of cytokines as potential biomarkers for reaching beyond genomic classification for disease stratification and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina F. Øbro
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Irvine
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi S. Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Karow
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Riedel
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Oliva B. Harris
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - E. Joanna Baxter
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jyoti Nangalia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Godfrey
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire N. Harrison
- Department of Hematology, Guy's and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Radek C. Skoda
- Experimental Hematology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Campbell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
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23
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Jin N, Bi A, Lan X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang T, Tang S, Zeng H, Chen Z, Tan M, Ai J, Xie H, Zhang T, Liu D, Huang R, Song Y, Leung ELH, Yao X, Ding J, Geng M, Lin SH, Huang M. Identification of metabolic vulnerabilities of receptor tyrosine kinases-driven cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2701. [PMID: 31221965 PMCID: PMC6586626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest hurdles for the development of metabolism-targeted therapies is to identify the responsive tumor subsets. However, the metabolic vulnerabilities for most human cancers remain unclear. Establishing the link between metabolic signatures and the oncogenic alterations of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), the most well-defined cancer genotypes, may precisely direct metabolic intervention to a broad patient population. By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics, we herein show that oncogenic RTK activation causes distinct metabolic preference. Specifically, EGFR activation branches glycolysis to the serine synthesis for nucleotide biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, whereas FGFR activation recycles lactate to fuel oxidative phosphorylation for energy generation. Genetic alterations of EGFR and FGFR stratify the responsive tumors to pharmacological inhibitors that target serine synthesis and lactate fluxes, respectively. Together, this study provides the molecular link between cancer genotypes and metabolic dependency, providing basis for patient stratification in metabolism-targeted therapies. Cancer subtypes may have distinct metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions. Here, the authors show that in lung cancer, genetic activation of distinct oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases results in unique metabolic liabilities and, in particular, EGFR aberrant cancers rely on the serine biosynthetic pathway while FGFR aberrant cancers rely on glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jin
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwei Bi
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lan
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yingluo Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Zeng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.,Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Song
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd., 1350 North Sichuan Road, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 South Xiang'an Road, 361102, Xiamen, China.
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
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24
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El Bouchtaoui M, Do Cruzeiro M, Leboeuf C, Loisel-Ferreira I, Fedronie C, Ferreira C, Ait El Far R, Ziol M, Espié M, Falgarone G, Cassinat B, Kiladjian JJ, Feugeas JP, Janin A, Bousquet G. A Constitutional Activating MET Mutation Makes the Genetic Link between Malignancies and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4504-4515. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Wang Y, Zuo X. Cytokines frequently implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cytokine X 2019; 1:100005. [PMID: 33604548 PMCID: PMC7885877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MPN is a chronic inflammation-driven tumor model. Many cytokines are involved in pathogenesis and progression of MPN. IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β and IFNs are critical in MPN. Cytokine directed therapy could be an alternative treatment for MPN in future.
Classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). MPN has been defined as a chronic inflammation-driven tumor model. It is clear that there is a close link between chronic inflammation and MPN pathogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated cytokine profiles in MPN patients. Other studies have used cell lines or animal models aiming to clarify the underlying mechanism of cytokines in the pathogenesis of MPN. However, important questions remain: (1) among all these cytokines, which are more predictive? and (2) which are more critical? In this review, we summarize cytokines that have been investigated in MPN and highlight several cytokines that may be more significant in MPN. We suggest that cytokines are more critical in PMF than PV or ET. These cytokines include IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, PDGF, IFNs and TGF-β, all of which should be more closely investigated in MPN. Based on our extensive literature search, several key factors have emerged in our understanding of MPN: first, TNF-α could correlate with MPN progression including PMF, PV and ET. IL-1β plays a role in PMF progression, while it showed no relation with PV or ET. Second, IL-8 could be a prognostic factor for PMF, and IL-6 could be important for MPN progression. Third, VEGF and PDGF play an indirect role in MPN development and their inhibitors could be effective. Fourth, different subtypes of IFNs could have different effects in MPN. Finally, TGF-β is closely linked to MF, although the data are inconsistent. Agents that have targeted these cytokines described above are already in clinical trials, and some of them have even been used to treat MPN patients. Taken together, it will be critical to continue to investigate the precise role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis and progression of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
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26
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Craver BM, El Alaoui K, Scherber RM, Fleischman AG. The Critical Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Myeloid Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040104. [PMID: 29614027 PMCID: PMC5923359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain an organism's immune system for a lifetime, and derangements in HSC proliferation and differentiation result in hematologic malignancies. Chronic inflammation plays a contributory if not causal role in HSC dysfunction. Inflammation induces HSC exhaustion, which promotes the emergence of mutant clones that may be resistant to an inflammatory microenvironment; this likely promotes the onset of a myeloid hematologic malignancy. Inflammatory cytokines are characteristically high in patients with myeloid malignancies and are linked to disease initiation, symptom burden, disease progression, and worsened prognostic survival. This review will cover our current understanding of the role of inflammation in the initiation, progression, and complications of myeloid hematologic malignancies, drawing from clinical studies as well as murine models. We will also highlight inflammation as a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Craver
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Kenza El Alaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Robyn M Scherber
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mays MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Angela G Fleischman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Zhen R, Yang J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen B, Song Y, Ma G, Yang B. Hepatocyte growth factor improves bone regeneration via the bone morphogenetic protein‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6045-6053. [PMID: 29436622 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is an important process associated with the treatment of osteonecrosis, which is caused by various factors. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an active biological factor that has multifunctional roles in cell biology, life sciences and clinical medicine. It has previously been suggested that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‑2 exerts beneficial roles in bone formation, repair and angiogenesis in the femoral head. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits and molecular mechanisms of HGF in bone regeneration. The viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were studied in vitro. In addition, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6 were detected in a mouse fracture model following treatment with HGF. The expression and activity of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were also analyzed in osteocytes post‑treatment with HGF. Histological analysis was used to determine the therapeutic effects of HGF on mice with fractures. The migration and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were investigated in HGF‑incubated cells. Furthermore, angiogenesis and BMP‑2 expression were analyzed in the mouse fracture model post‑treatment with HGF. The results indicated that HGF regulates the cell viability of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and also balanced the ratio between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, HGF decreased the serum expression levels of TNF‑α, MCP‑1, IL‑1 and IL‑6 in experimental mice. The results of a mechanistic analysis demonstrated that HGF upregulated p65, IκB kinase‑β and IκBα expression in osteoblasts from experimental mice. In addition, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, BMP‑2 receptor, receptor activator of NF‑κB ligand and macrophage colony‑stimulating factor were upregulated by HGF, which may effectively promote blood vessel regeneration, and contribute to the formation and revascularization of tissue‑engineered bone. Furthermore, HGF promoted BMP‑2 expression and enhanced angiogenesis at the fracture location. These results suggested that HGF treatment may significantly promote bone regeneration in a mouse fracture model. In conclusion, these results indicated that HGF is involved in bone regeneration, angiogenesis and the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thus suggesting that HGF may be considered a potential agent for the treatment of fractures via the promotion of bone regeneration through regulation of the BMP‑2‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Youxin Song
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Guiyun Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Lussana F, Rambaldi A. Inflammation and myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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A novel, somatic, transforming mutation in the extracellular domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor identified in myeloproliferative neoplasm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2467. [PMID: 28550306 PMCID: PMC5446393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel ERBB1/EGFR somatic mutation (p. C329R; c.985 T > C) identified in a patient with JAK2V617F Polycythaemia Vera (PV). This substitution affects a conserved cysteine residue in EGFR domain 2 and leads to the formation of a ligand-independent covalent receptor dimer, associated with increased transforming potential. Aberrant signalling from the EGFRC329R receptor is cell type-dependent and in the TF1.8 erythroid cell line expression of this mutant suppresses EPO-induced differentiation. Clonal analysis shows that the dominant JAK2V617F-positive clone in this PV patient harbors EGFRC329R, thus this mutation may contribute to clonal expansion. Somatic mutations affecting other ERBB and related receptor tyrosine kinases are observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and we show elevated EGFR levels in MPN samples, consistent with previous reports. Thus activation of this group of receptors, via multiple mechanisms, may contribute to clonal growth and survival of the JAK2V617F disease clone in MPN.
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Abstract
Abstract
The BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell derived malignancies, which include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). The MPNs are characterized by dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling pathways. PV and ET are associated with an increased risk of thrombo-hemorrhagic complications, risk of progression to MF and leukemia. Presentation of patients with PV and ET is variable and usually as a result of abnormal full blood count indices (raised hemoglobin and hematocrit, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis). Presentation with thrombosis or splenomegaly occurs in ∼30% of patients. Historically thought of as indolent compared with MF, patients with PV and ET have significant disease symptom burden which does not directly correlate to the current clinical prognostic classifications. The mainstay of therapy is reserved for patients with high-risk disease and thus excludes a population of patients with significant symptom related morbidity impacting their quality-of-life and survival. Recent treatment strategies have aimed to incorporate disease burden assessment into the selection of therapeutic interventions such as JAK2 inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors. We will review the advances in the field of MPN symptom assessment and symptom burden experienced by ET and PV patients. We will also discuss the risk-stratified management of ET and PV patients alongside symptom assessment and the impact of potential novel therapies, for patients who fail to respond to conventional treatment.
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Jutzi JS, Pahl HL. The Hen or the Egg: Inflammatory Aspects of Murine MPN Models. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:101987. [PMID: 26543325 PMCID: PMC4620236 DOI: 10.1155/2015/101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that solid tumors, especially gastrointestinal tumors, can arise on the basis of chronic inflammation. However, the role of inflammation in the genesis of hematological malignancies has not been extensively studied. Recent evidence clearly shows that changes in the bone marrow niche can suffice to induce myeloid diseases. Nonetheless, while it has been demonstrated that myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are associated with a proinflammatory state, it is not clear whether inflammatory processes contribute to the induction or maintenance of MPN. More provocatively stated: which comes first, the hen or the egg, inflammation or MPN? In other words, can chronic inflammation itself trigger an MPN? In this review, we will describe the evidence supporting a role for inflammation in initiating and promoting MPN development. Furthermore, we will compare and contrast the data obtained in gastrointestinal tumors with observations in MPN patients and models, pointing out the opportunities provided by novel murine MPN models to address fundamental questions regarding the role of inflammatory stimuli in the molecular pathogenesis of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas S Jutzi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital Freiburg, Center for Clinical Research, Breisacher Straße 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany ; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Pahl
- Division of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital Freiburg, Center for Clinical Research, Breisacher Straße 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Cytokine Regulation of Microenvironmental Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:869242. [PMID: 26543328 PMCID: PMC4620237 DOI: 10.1155/2015/869242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The term myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases including not only polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), but also chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and systemic mastocytosis (SM). Despite the clinical and biological differences between these diseases, common pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified in MPN. First, aberrant tyrosine kinase signaling due to somatic mutations in certain driver genes is common to these MPN. Second, alterations of the bone marrow microenvironment are found in all MPN types and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Finally, elevated levels of proinflammatory and microenvironment-regulating cytokines are commonly found in all MPN-variants. In this paper, we review the effects of MPN-related oncogenes on cytokine expression and release and describe common as well as distinct pathogenetic mechanisms underlying microenvironmental changes in various MPN. Furthermore, targeting of the microenvironment in MPN is discussed. Such novel therapies may enhance the efficacy and may overcome resistance to established tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in these patients. Nevertheless, additional basic studies on the complex interplay of neoplastic and stromal cells are required in order to optimize targeting strategies and to translate these concepts into clinical application.
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Inflammation as a Driver of Clonal Evolution in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:606819. [PMID: 26538830 PMCID: PMC4619974 DOI: 10.1155/2015/606819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of inflammation's role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) is evolving. The impact of chronic inflammation, a characteristic feature of MPN, likely goes far beyond its role as a driver of constitutional symptoms. An inflammatory response to the neoplastic clone may be responsible for some pathologic aspects of MPN. Moreover, JAK2V617F mutated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are resistant to inflammation, and this gives the neoplastic clone a selective advantage allowing for its clonal expansion. Because inflammation plays a central role in MPN inflammation is a logical therapeutic target in MPN.
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Hermouet S, Bigot-Corbel E, Gardie B. Pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Role and Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:145293. [PMID: 26538820 PMCID: PMC4619950 DOI: 10.1155/2015/145293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases characterized by the excessive and chronic production of mature cells from one or several of the myeloid lineages. Recent advances in the biology of MPNs have greatly facilitated their molecular diagnosis since most patients present with mutation(s) in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. Yet the roles played by these mutations in the pathogenesis and main complications of the different subtypes of MPNs are not fully elucidated. Importantly, chronic inflammation has long been associated with MPN disease and some of the symptoms and complications can be linked to inflammation. Moreover, the JAK inhibitor clinical trials showed that the reduction of symptoms linked to inflammation was beneficial to patients even in the absence of significant decrease in the JAK2-V617F mutant load. These observations suggested that part of the inflammation observed in patients with JAK2-mutated MPNs may not be the consequence of JAK2 mutation. The aim of this paper is to review the different aspects of inflammation in MPNs, the molecular mechanisms involved, the role of specific genetic defects, and the evidence that increased production of certain cytokines depends or not on MPN-associated mutations, and to discuss possible nongenetic causes of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Hermouet
- Inserm UMR 892, CNRS UMR 6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Edith Bigot-Corbel
- Inserm UMR 892, CNRS UMR 6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Betty Gardie
- Inserm UMR 892, CNRS UMR 6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique, 44007 Nantes, France
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Pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms: More than mutations. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:993-4. [PMID: 26453965 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Mondet J, Hussein K, Mossuz P. Circulating Cytokine Levels as Markers of Inflammation in Philadelphia Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnostic and Prognostic Interest. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:670580. [PMID: 26525644 PMCID: PMC4617441 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are well known mediators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. They contribute to the regulation of normal hematopoiesis but increasing data suggest that they also have a clinical impact in some hematopoietic malignancies. In particular, there is evidence that cytokines are implicated in the functional symptoms of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPNs), suggesting that evaluation of circulating levels of cytokines could be of clinical interest for the characterization of patients at the time of diagnosis and for disease prognosis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on alteration of circulating cytokine profiles in MPNs and their role in myelofibrosis pathogenesis. Phenotypic correlation, prognostic value of cytokines, and impact of JAK inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mondet
- UF de Pathologie Moléculaire, Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
- Equipe TheRex Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG-UMR5525 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Kais Hussein
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Equipe TheRex Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG-UMR5525 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Cellulaire, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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Lipocalin produced by myelofibrosis cells affects the fate of both hematopoietic and marrow microenvironmental cells. Blood 2015; 126:972-82. [PMID: 26022238 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is characterized by cytopenias, constitutional symptoms, splenomegaly, and marrow histopathological abnormalities (fibrosis, increased microvessel density, and osteosclerosis). The microenvironmental abnormalities are likely a consequence of the elaboration of a variety of inflammatory cytokines generated by malignant megakaryocytes and monocytes. We observed that levels of a specific inflammatory cytokine, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), were elevated in the plasmas of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MF > polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia) and that LCN2 was elaborated by MF myeloid cells. LCN2 generates increased reactive oxygen species, leading to increased DNA strand breaks and apoptosis of normal, but not MF, CD34(+) cells. Furthermore, incubation of marrow adherent cells or mesenchymal stem cells with LCN2 increased the generation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but not adipocytes. LCN2 priming of mesenchymal stem cells resulted in the upregulation of RUNX2 gene as well as other genes that are capable of further affecting osteoblastogenesis, angiogenesis, and the deposition of matrix proteins. These data indicate that LCN2 is an additional MF inflammatory cytokine that likely contributes to the creation of a cascade of events that results in not only a predominance of the MF clone but also a dysfunctional microenvironment.
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Cleyrat C, Darehshouri A, Steinkamp MP, Vilaine M, Boassa D, Ellisman MH, Hermouet S, Wilson BS. Mpl traffics to the cell surface through conventional and unconventional routes. Traffic 2014; 15:961-82. [PMID: 24931576 PMCID: PMC4141020 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are often characterized by JAK2 or calreticulin (CALR) mutations, indicating aberrant trafficking in pathogenesis. This study focuses on Mpl trafficking and Jak2 association using two model systems: human erythroleukemia cells (HEL; JAK2V617F) and K562 myeloid leukemia cells (JAK2WT). Consistent with a putative chaperone role for Jak2, Mpl and Jak2 associate on both intracellular and plasma membranes (shown by proximity ligation assay) and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Jak2 led to Mpl trapping in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Even in Jak2 sufficient cells, Mpl accumulates in punctate structures that partially colocalize with ER-tracker, the ER exit site marker (ERES) Sec31a, the autophagy marker LC3 and LAMP1. Mpl was fused to miniSOG, a genetically encoded tag for correlated light and electron microscopy. Results suggest that a fraction of Mpl is taken up into autophagic structures from the ER and routed to autolyososomes. Surface biotinylation shows that both immature and mature Mpl reach the cell surface; in K562 cells Mpl is also released in exosomes. Both forms rapidly internalize upon ligand addition, while recovery is primarily attributed to immature Mpl. Mpl appears to reach the plasma membrane via both conventional ER-Golgi and autolysosome secretory pathways, as well as recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Cleyrat
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
- INSERM UMR892/CNRS UMR6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anza Darehshouri
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Mara P. Steinkamp
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Mathias Vilaine
- INSERM UMR892/CNRS UMR6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniela Boassa
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California at San Diego, San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Sylvie Hermouet
- INSERM UMR892/CNRS UMR6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Institut de Recherche Thérapeutique-Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bridget S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
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The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Met Axis: A Neglected Target in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1631-69. [PMID: 25119536 PMCID: PMC4190560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytoprotective cytokine. Disturbing the equilibrium between Met and its ligand may lead to inappropriate cell survival, accumulation of genetic abnormalities and eventually, malignancy. Abnormal activation of the HGF/Met axis is established in solid tumours and in chronic haematological malignancies, including myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the abnormal activation of HGF/Met pathways are described and discussed. Importantly, inCML and in MPNs, the production of HGF is independent of Bcr-Abl and JAK2V617F, the main molecular markers of these diseases. In vitro studies showed that blocking HGF/Met function with neutralizing antibodies or Met inhibitors significantly impairs the growth of JAK2V617F-mutated cells. With personalised medicine and curative treatment in view, blocking activation of HGF/Met could be a useful addition in the treatment of CML and MPNs for those patients with high HGF/MET expression not controlled by current treatments (Bcr-Abl inhibitors in CML; phlebotomy, hydroxurea, JAK inhibitors in MPNs).
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40
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Cytokine profiles in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia patients: Clinical implications. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:360-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gäbler K, Behrmann I, Haan C. JAK2 mutants (e.g., JAK2V617F) and their importance as drug targets in myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e25025. [PMID: 24069563 PMCID: PMC3772115 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutant V617F and other JAK mutants are found in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemias. Due to their involvement in neoplasia and inflammatory disorders, Janus kinases are promising targets for kinase inhibitor therapy. Several small-molecule compounds are evaluated in clinical trials for myelofibrosis, and ruxolitinib (INCB018424, Jakafi®) was the first Janus kinase inhibitor to receive clinical approval. In this review we provide an overview of JAK2V617F signaling and its inhibition by small-molecule kinase inhibitors. In addition, myeloproliferative neoplasms are discussed regarding the role of JAK2V617F and other mutant proteins of possible relevance. We further give an overview about treatment options with special emphasis on possible combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Gäbler
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Iris Behrmann
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
| | - Claude Haan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory; Life Sciences Research Unit; University of Luxembourg; Luxembourg
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42
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Hasselbalch HC. The role of cytokines in the initiation and progression of myelofibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:133-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Wehrle J, Seeger TS, Schwemmers S, Pfeifer D, Bulashevska A, Pahl HL. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2 mediates expression of the cytokine interleukin 8, a known predictor of inferior outcome in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica 2013; 98:1073-80. [PMID: 23445878 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-2 is over-expressed in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms irrespective of the presence of the JAK2(V617F) mutation. Our transgenic mouse model over-expressing nuclear factor erythroid-2, which recapitulates many features of myeloproliferative neoplasms including transformation to acute myeloid leukemia, clearly implicates this transcription factor in the pathophysiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Because the targets mediating nuclear factor erythroid-2 effects are not well characterized, we conducted microarray analysis of CD34(+) cells lentivirally transduced to over-express nuclear factor erythroid-2 or to silence this transcription factor via shRNA, in order to identify novel target genes. Here, we report that the cytokine interleukin 8 is a novel target gene. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 directly binds the interleukin 8 promoter in vivo, and these binding sites are required for promoter activity. Serum levels of interleukin 8 are known to be elevated in both polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis patients. Recently, increased interleukin 8 levels have been shown to be predictive of inferior survival in primary myelofibrosis patients in multivariate analysis. Therefore, one of the mechanisms by which nuclear factor erythroid-2 contributes to myeloproliferative neoplasm pathology may be increased interleukin 8 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wehrle
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Skov V, Larsen TS, Thomassen M, Riley CH, Jensen MK, Bjerrum OW, Kruse TA, Hasselbalch HC. Molecular profiling of peripheral blood cells from patients with polycythemia vera and related neoplasms: Identification of deregulated genes of significance for inflammation and immune surveillance. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1387-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Hermouet S, Vilaine M. The JAK2 46/1 haplotype: a marker of inappropriate myelomonocytic response to cytokine stimulation, leading to increased risk of inflammation, myeloid neoplasm, and impaired defense against infection? Haematologica 2012; 96:1575-9. [PMID: 22058280 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.055392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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46
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JAK2 Inhibition: Reviewing a New Therapeutical Option in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012:535709. [PMID: 22400031 PMCID: PMC3286888 DOI: 10.1155/2012/535709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2 is a tyrosine kinase gene that plays an essential role in the development of normal haematopoiesis. Hyperactivation of JAK2 occurs in myeloproliferative neoplasms by different mechanisms. As a consequence, JAK2 inhibitors have been designed to suppress the cytokine signalling cascade caused by the constitutive activation of JAK2. In clinical trials, JAK2 inhibitors are efficient in decreasing spleen size, controlling clinical symptoms, and improving quality of life in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. However, JAK2 inhibitors are unable to target uncommitted hematopoietic progenitors responsible of the initiation of the myeloproliferative disease. It is expected that, in order to cure the myeloproliferative disease, JAK2 inhibitors should be combined with other drugs to target simultaneously different pathways and to target the initiator hematopoietic cell population in myeloproliferative disorders. Taking advantage of the inhibition of the cytokine cascade of JAK2 inhibitors, these compounds are going to be used not only to treat patients with hematological neoplasms but may also be beneficial to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory diseases.
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Homologous recombination of wild-type JAK2, a novel early step in the development of myeloproliferative neoplasm. Blood 2012; 118:6468-70. [PMID: 22161852 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-372813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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48
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Hoermann G, Cerny-Reiterer S, Herrmann H, Blatt K, Bilban M, Gisslinger H, Gisslinger B, Müllauer L, Kralovics R, Mannhalter C, Valent P, Mayerhofer M. Identification of oncostatin M as a JAK2 V617F-dependent amplifier of cytokine production and bone marrow remodeling in myeloproliferative neoplasms. FASEB J 2011; 26:894-906. [PMID: 22051730 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-193078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The JAK2 mutation V617F is detectable in a majority of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Enforced expression of JAK2 V617F in mice induces myeloproliferation and bone marrow (BM) fibrosis, suggesting a causal role for the JAK2 mutant in the pathogenesis of MPNs. However, little is known about mechanisms and effector molecules contributing to JAK2 V617F-induced myeloproliferation and fibrosis. We show that JAK2 V617F promotes expression of oncostatin M (OSM) in neoplastic myeloid cells. Correspondingly, OSM mRNA levels were increased in the BM of patients with MPNs (median 287% of ABL, range 22-1450%) compared to control patients (median 59% of ABL, range 12-264%; P < 0.0001). OSM secreted by JAK2 V617F+ cells stimulated growth of fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells and induced the production of angiogenic and profibrogenic cytokines (HGF, VEGF, and SDF-1) in BM fibroblasts. All effects of MPN cell-derived OSM were blocked by a neutralizing anti-OSM antibody, whereas the production of OSM in MPN cells was suppressed by a pharmacologic JAK2 inhibitor or RNAi-mediated knockdown of JAK2. In summary, JAK2 V617F-mediated up-regulation of OSM may contribute to fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and the cytokine storm observed in MPNs, suggesting that OSM might serve as a novel therapeutic target molecule in these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Tu CJ, Liu WG, Dong XQ, Liu JS, Song DG, Yu WH, Zhang ZY, Zhen G, Luo HM. Association of Interleukin-11 with Mortality in Patients with Spontaneous Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1265-74. [PMID: 21986128 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated interleukin (IL)-11 as an independent prognostic marker of mortality following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Plasma IL-11 levels in patients with ICH were significantly higher than in healthy controls. Multivariate analysis indicated that plasma IL-11 level was an independent predictor for mortality within 1 week of ICH onset and was positively associated with haematoma volume. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that a baseline plasma IL-11 level > 20.9 pg/ml predicted mortality within 1 week of ICH onset with 81.2% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity. The area under the curve for IL-11 level was significantly smaller than that for the Glasgow Coma Scale score, but similar to that for haematoma volume. IL-11 did not, however, significantly improve the predictive value of the Glasgow Coma Scale or haematoma volume. Thus, IL-11 may be considered as a new independent prognostic marker of mortality and an additional valuable tool for risk stratification and decision-making in the acute phase of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- CJ Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - WG Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XQ Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - JS Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - DG Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - WH Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - ZY Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hangzhou Municipal People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Zhen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - HM Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing County Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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