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Müller L, Nasr AR, Jux B, Makdissi N, Trowbridge JW, Schmidt SV, Schultze JL, Quast T, Schulte-Schrepping J, Kolanus W, Mass E. Differential impact of high-salt levels in vitro and in vivo on macrophage core functions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:343. [PMID: 38400845 PMCID: PMC10894081 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of processed food is on the rise leading to huge intake of excess dietary salt, which strongly correlates with development of hypertension, often leading to cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack, as well as activation of the immune system. The effect of salt on macrophages is especially interesting as they are able to sense high sodium levels in tissues leading to transcriptional changes. In the skin, macrophages were shown to influence lymphatic vessel growth which, in turn, enables the transport of excess salt and thereby prevents the development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, salt storage in the skin has been linked to the onset of pro-inflammatory effector functions of macrophages in pathogen defence. However, there is only little known about the mechanisms which are involved in changing macrophage function to salt exposure. Here, we characterize the response of macrophages to excess salt both in vitro and in vivo. Our results validate and strengthen the notion that macrophages exhibit chemotactic migration in response to salt gradients in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate a reduction in phagocytosis and efferocytosis following acute salt challenge in vitro. While acute exposure to a high-salt diet in vivo has a less pronounced impact on macrophage core functions such as phagocytosis, our data indicate that prolonged salt challenge may exert a distinct effect on the function of macrophages. These findings suggest a potential role for excessive salt sensing by macrophages in the manifestation of diseases related to high-salt diets and explicitly highlight the need for in vivo work to decipher the physiologically relevant impact of excess salt on tissue and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Müller
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aya Rafea Nasr
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Jux
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Justin Wayne Trowbridge
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) E.V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Kumari R, Feuer G, Bourré L. Humanized Mouse Models for Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e852. [PMID: 37552031 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cancer treatment with immunotherapeutics have provided long-term patient benefits for many different types of cancer. However, complete response is not achieved in many patients and tumor types, and the mechanisms underlying this lack of response are poorly understood. Despite this, numerous new targets, therapeutics, and drug combinations are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Preclinical models that recapitulate the complex human tumor microenvironment and the interplay between tumor and immune cells within the cancer-immunity cycle are needed to improve our understanding and screen new therapeutics for efficacy and safety/toxicity. Humanized mice, encompassing human tumors and human immune cells engrafted on immunodeficient mice, have been widely used for many years in immuno-oncology, with developments to improve both the humanization and the translational value central to the next generation of models. In this overview, we discuss recent advances in humanized models relevant to immuno-oncology drug discovery, the advantages and limitations of such models, the application of humanized models for efficacy and safety assessments of immunotherapeutics, and the potential opportunities. © 2023 Crown Bioscience. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerold Feuer
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Tian JW, Zhang HJ, Li SY, Guo YL, Chen G, Yu ZL. Tumor Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Modulating Phenotypes and Immune Functions of Macrophages: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications. J Cancer 2023; 14:1321-1334. [PMID: 37283792 PMCID: PMC10240675 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissues consist of tumor cells and tumor stroma, which is structured by non-tumor cells and the extracellular matrix. Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on the intimate interaction between macrophages and tumor cells, macrophages are closely involved in tumor initiation and progression, playing a key role in tumor formation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune escape. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane-enclosed structures secreted by almost all cell types. As crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication, EVs play a role in various physiological processes and the development of diseases including cancer. According to numerous studies, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) could highly modulate the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, thus promoting tumor development. Herein, we comprehensively introduce the role of T-EVs in regulating the M1/M2 phenotypes and immune functions of macrophages, including cytokine secretion, expression of immune regulatory molecules on the membrane, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation. More importantly, based on the regulatory effects of T-EVs on macrophages, we propose several potential therapeutic approaches that may guide future attempts to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - He-Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Si-Yuan Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yong-Lin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zi-Li Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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4
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Kirkegaard MK, Minderman M, Sjö LD, Pals ST, Eriksen PRG, Heegaard S. Prevalence and prognostic value of MYD88 and CD79B mutations in ocular adnexal large B-cell lymphoma: a reclassification of ocular adnexal large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:576-581. [PMID: 34706861 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To (1) reclassify ocular adnexal large B-cell lymphomas (OA-LBCLs) per 2016 WHO lymphoma classification and (2) determine the prevalence of MYD88 and CD79B mutations and their association with clinical parameters among OA-LBCLs. METHODS This study is a retrospective analysis of all OA-LBCLs diagnosed in Denmark between 1980 and 2018. Medical records and tissue samples were retrieved. Thirty-four OA-LBCLs were included. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation and Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA in situ hybridisation were used for the reclassification. Mutational status was established by allele-specific PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Primary endpoints were overall survival, disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Two LBCL subtypes were identified: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (27 of 32; 84%) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (5 of 32; 16%). cMYC/BCL2 double-expressor DLBCLs had a poorer DSS than non-double-expressor DLBCLs (5-year DSS, 25% vs 78%) (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.85; p=0.014). MYD88 mutations were present in 10 (29%) of 34 lymphomas and carried a poorer PFS than wild-type cases (5-year PFS, 0% vs 43%) (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98; p=0.039). CD79B mutations were present in 3 (9%) of 34 cases. CONCLUSION OA-LBCL consists mainly of two subtypes: DLBCL and HGBL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. MYD88 mutations are important drivers of OA-LBCL. MYD88 mutations, as well as cMYC/BCL2 double-expressor DLBCL, appear to be associated with a poor prognosis. Implementing MYD88 mutational analysis in routine diagnostics may improve OA-LBCL prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marthe Minderman
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers loc. AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lene Dissing Sjö
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers loc. AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick R G Eriksen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Eye Section, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Deng Y, Diepstraten ST, Potts MA, Giner G, Trezise S, Ng AP, Healey G, Kane SR, Cooray A, Behrens K, Heidersbach A, Kueh AJ, Pal M, Wilcox S, Tai L, Alexander WS, Visvader JE, Nutt SL, Strasser A, Haley B, Zhao Q, Kelly GL, Herold MJ. Generation of a CRISPR activation mouse that enables modelling of aggressive lymphoma and interrogation of venetoclax resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4739. [PMID: 35961968 PMCID: PMC9374748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR technologies have advanced cancer modelling in mice, but CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) methods have not been exploited in this context. We establish a CRISPRa mouse (dCas9a-SAMKI) for inducing gene expression in vivo and in vitro. Using dCas9a-SAMKI primary lymphocytes, we induce B cell restricted genes in T cells and vice versa, demonstrating the power of this system. There are limited models of aggressive double hit lymphoma. Therefore, we transactivate pro-survival BCL-2 in Eµ-MycT/+;dCas9a-SAMKI/+ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mice transplanted with these cells rapidly develop lymphomas expressing high BCL-2 and MYC. Unlike standard Eµ-Myc lymphomas, BCL-2 expressing lymphomas are highly sensitive to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. We perform genome-wide activation screens in these lymphoma cells and find a dominant role for the BCL-2 protein A1 in venetoclax resistance. Here we show the potential of our CRISPRa model for mimicking disease and providing insights into resistance mechanisms towards targeted therapies. Modelling of aggressive lymphomas, such as double hit lymphoma, has been challenging. Here the authors engineer a CRISPR activation mouse to enable the generation of these aggressive lymphomas and identify the pro-survival BCL-2 protein A1 as a venetoclax resistance factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexuan Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret A Potts
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Göknur Giner
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Trezise
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley P Ng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerry Healey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Serena R Kane
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amali Cooray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kira Behrens
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Heidersbach
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Pal
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Tai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Fraser CC, Jia B, Hu G, Al Johani LI, Fritz-Klaus R, Ham JD, Fichorova RN, Elias KM, Cramer DW, Patankar MS, Chen J. Ovarian Cancer Ascites Inhibits Transcriptional Activation of NK Cells Partly through CA125. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2227-2238. [PMID: 35396222 PMCID: PMC10852100 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Malignant ascites is a common clinical problem in ovarian cancer. NK cells are present in the ascites, but their antitumor activity is inhibited. The underlying mechanisms of the inhibition have yet to be fully elucidated. Using an Fcγ receptor-mediated NK cell activation assay, we show that ascites from ovarian cancer patients potently inhibits NK cell activation. Part of the inhibitory activity is mediated by CA125, a mucin 16 fragment shed from ovarian cancer tumors. Moreover, transcriptional analyses by RNA sequencing reveal upregulation of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways but downregulation of genes involved in cytotoxicity and signaling pathways in NK cells purified from ovarian cancer patient ascites. Transcription of genes involved in cytotoxicity pathways are also downregulated in NK cells from healthy donors after in vitro treatment with ascites or with a CA125-enriched protein fraction. These results show that ascites and CA125 inhibit antitumor activity of NK cells at transcriptional levels by suppressing expression of genes involved in NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which ascites inhibits the activity of NK cells and suggest possible approaches to reactivate NK cells for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Fraser
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bin Jia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roberta Fritz-Klaus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - James Dongjoo Ham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kevin M Elias
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel William Cramer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
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7
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Extracellular vesicles and PDL1 suppress macrophages inducing therapy resistance in TP53-deficient B-cell malignancies. Blood 2022; 139:3617-3629. [PMID: 35344582 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway are a frequent mechanism of resistance to CIT in B-cell malignancies. We have previously shown that the synergy of CIT relies on secretory crosstalk elicited by chemotherapy between the tumour cells and macrophages. Here, we show that loss of multiple different members of the DDR pathway inhibits macrophage phagocytic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Particularly loss of TP53 led to decreased phagocytic capacity ex vivo across multiple B-cell malignancies. We demonstrate via in vivo cyclophosphamide treatment using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model that loss of macrophage phagocytic capacity in Tp53-deleted leukemia is driven by a significant downregulation of a phagocytic transcriptomic signature using scRNA-Seq. By analysing the tumour B-cell proteome, we identified a TP53 specific upregulation of proteins associated with extracellular vesicles (EV). We abrogated EV biogenesis in tumour B-cells via CRISPR-knockout (KO) of RAB27A and confirmed that the EVs from TP53-deleted lymphoma cells were responsible for the reduced phagocytic capacity and the in vivo CIT resistance. Furthermore, we observed that TP53 loss led to an upregulation of both PD-L1 cell surface expression and secretion of EVs by lymphoma cells. Disruption of EV bound PD-L1 by anti-PD-L1 antibodies or PD-L1 CRISPR-KO improved macrophage phagocytic capacity and in vivo therapy response. Thus, we demonstrate enhanced EV-release and increased PD-L1 expression in TP53-deficient B-cell lymphomas as novel mechanisms of macrophage function alteration in CIT resistance. This study indicates the use of checkpoint inhibition in the combination treatment of B-cell malignancies with TP53 loss.
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8
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Dawes JC, Uren AG. Forward and Reverse Genetics of B Cell Malignancies: From Insertional Mutagenesis to CRISPR-Cas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670280. [PMID: 34484175 PMCID: PMC8414522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer genome sequencing has identified dozens of mutations with a putative role in lymphomagenesis and leukemogenesis. Validation of driver mutations responsible for B cell neoplasms is complicated by the volume of mutations worthy of investigation and by the complex ways that multiple mutations arising from different stages of B cell development can cooperate. Forward and reverse genetic strategies in mice can provide complementary validation of human driver genes and in some cases comparative genomics of these models with human tumors has directed the identification of new drivers in human malignancies. We review a collection of forward genetic screens performed using insertional mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis and exome sequencing and discuss how the high coverage of subclonal mutations in insertional mutagenesis screens can identify cooperating mutations at rates not possible using human tumor genomes. We also compare a set of independently conducted screens from Pax5 mutant mice that converge upon a common set of mutations observed in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We also discuss reverse genetic models and screens that use CRISPR-Cas, ORFs and shRNAs to provide high throughput in vivo proof of oncogenic function, with an emphasis on models using adoptive transfer of ex vivo cultured cells. Finally, we summarize mouse models that offer temporal regulation of candidate genes in an in vivo setting to demonstrate the potential of their encoded proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Dawes
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Uren
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Xie G, Ivica NA, Jia B, Li Y, Dong H, Liang Y, Brown D, Romee R, Chen J. CAR-T cells targeting a nucleophosmin neoepitope exhibit potent specific activity in mouse models of acute myeloid leukaemia. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 5:399-413. [PMID: 33046866 PMCID: PMC8039062 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Therapies employing chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) targeting tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) can lead to on-target-off-tumour toxicity and to resistance, owing to TAA expression in normal tissues and to TAA expression loss in tumour cells. These drawbacks can be circumvented by CAR-T cells targeting tumour-specific driver gene mutations, such as the four-nucleotide duplication in the oncogene nucleophosmin (NPM1c), which creates a neoepitope presented by the human leukocyte antigen with the A2 serotype (HLA-A2) that has been observed in about 35% of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Here, we report a human single-chain variable fragment (scFv), identified via yeast surface display, that specifically binds to the NPM1c epitope-HLA-A2 complex but not to HLA-A2 or to HLA-A2 loaded with control peptides. In vitro and in mice, CAR-T cells with the scFv exhibit potent cytotoxicity against NPM1c+HLA-A2+ leukaemia cells and primary AML blasts, but not NPM1c-HLA-A2+ leukaemia cells or HLA-A2- tumour cells. Therapies using NPM1c CAR-T cells for the treatment of NPM1c+HLA-A2+ AML may limit on-target-off-tumour toxicity and tumour resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Xie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikola A. Ivica
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bin Jia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yingzhong Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Liang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Transplantation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Brown
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Transplantation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Yeboah M, Papagregoriou C, Jones DC, Chan HC, Hu G, McPartlan JS, Schiött T, Mattson U, Mockridge CI, Tornberg UC, Hambe B, Ljungars A, Mattsson M, Tews I, Glennie MJ, Thirdborough SM, Trowsdale J, Frendeus B, Chen J, Cragg MS, Roghanian A. LILRB3 (ILT5) is a myeloid cell checkpoint that elicits profound immunomodulation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141593. [PMID: 32870822 PMCID: PMC7526549 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in identifying the key immunoregulatory roles of many of the human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family members, the function of the inhibitory molecule LILRB3 (ILT5, CD85a, LIR3) remains unclear. Studies indicate a predominant myeloid expression; however, high homology within the LILR family and a relative paucity of reagents have hindered progress toward identifying the function of this receptor. To investigate its function and potential immunomodulatory capacity, a panel of LILRB3-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated. LILRB3-specific mAbs bound to discrete epitopes in Ig-like domain 2 or 4. LILRB3 ligation on primary human monocytes by an agonistic mAb resulted in phenotypic and functional changes, leading to potent inhibition of immune responses in vitro, including significant reduction in T cell proliferation. Importantly, agonizing LILRB3 in humanized mice induced tolerance and permitted efficient engraftment of allogeneic cells. Our findings reveal powerful immunosuppressive functions of LILRB3 and identify it as an important myeloid checkpoint receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchaala Yeboah
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charys Papagregoriou
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Des C. Jones
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H.T. Claude Chan
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justine S. McPartlan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - C. Ian Mockridge
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivo Tews
- Institute for Life Sciences and
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Glennie
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Thirdborough
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Trowsdale
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Macrophage-Mediated Antibody Dependent Effector Function in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma Treatment is Enhanced by Ibrutinib via Inhibition of JAK2. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082303. [PMID: 32824276 PMCID: PMC7465917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) with ibrutinib and other agents has become important treatment options in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Mantle cell lymphoma, and non-GCB DLBCL. Clinical trials combining small molecule inhibitors with monoclonal antibodies have been initiated at rapid pace, with the biological understanding between their synergistic interactions lagging behind. Here, we have evaluated the synergy between BTK inhibitors and monoclonal antibody therapy via macrophage mediated antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Initially, we observed increased ADCP with ibrutinib, whilst second generation BTK inhibitors failed to synergistically interact with monoclonal antibody treatment. Kinase activity profiling under BTK inhibition identified significant loss of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) only under ibrutinib treatment. We validated this potential off-target effect via JAK inhibition in vitro as well as with CRISPR/Cas9 JAK2-/- experiments in vivo, showing increased ADCP and prolonged survival, respectively. This data supports inhibition of the JAK-STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) signaling pathway in B-cell malignancies in combination with monoclonal antibody therapy to increase macrophage-mediated immune responses.
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12
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Vermaat JS, Somers SF, de Wreede LC, Kraan W, de Groen RAL, Schrader AMR, Kerver ED, Scheepstra CG, Berenschot H, Deenik W, Wegman J, Broers R, de Boer JPD, Nijland M, van Wezel T, Veelken H, Spaargaren M, Cleven AH, Kersten MJ, Pals ST. MYD88 mutations identify a molecular subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with an unfavorable prognosis. Haematologica 2020; 105:424-434. [PMID: 31123031 PMCID: PMC7012469 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2016 World Health Organization classification defines diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes based on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic rearrangements of MYC/BCL2/BCL6 as drivers of lymphomagenesis. A subset of DLBCL, however, is characterized by activating mutations in MYD88/CD79B We investigated whether MYD88/CD79B mutations could improve the classification and prognostication of DLBCL. In 250 primary DLBCL, MYD88/CD79B mutations were identified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction or next-generation-sequencing, MYC/BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and EBV was studied by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. Associations of molecular features with clinicopathologic characteristics, outcome, and prognosis according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) were investigated. MYD88 and CD79B mutations were identified in 29.6% and 12.3%, MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements in 10.6%, 13.6%, and 20.3%, and EBV in 11.7% of DLBCL, respectively. Prominent mutual exclusivity between EBV positivity, rearrangements, and MYD88/CD79B mutations established the value of molecular markers for the recognition of biologically distinct DLBCL subtypes. MYD88-mutated DLBCL had a significantly inferior 5-year overall survival than wild-type MYD88 DLBCL (log-rank; P=0.019). DLBCL without any of the studied aberrations had superior overall survival compared to cases carrying ≥1 aberrancy (log-rank; P=0.010). MYD88 mutations retained their adverse prognostic impact upon adjustment for other genetic and clinical variables by multivariable analysis and improved the prognostic performance of the IPI. This study demonstrates the clinical utility of defining MYD88-mutated DLBCL as a distinct molecular subtype with adverse prognosis. Our data call for sequence analysis of MYD88 in routine diagnostics of DLBCL to optimize classification and prognostication, and to guide the development of improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost S Vermaat
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam .,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam.,Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | | | - Liesbeth C de Wreede
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Willem Kraan
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | | | | | - Emile D Kerver
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam
| | | | - Henriëtte Berenschot
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht
| | - Wendy Deenik
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology, Tergooi Hospital, Hilversum
| | - Jurgen Wegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.,Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer
| | - Rianne Broers
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology, Waterland Hospital, Purmerend
| | - Jan-Paul D de Boer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoekziekenhuis, Amsterdam
| | - Marcel Nijland
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Arjen H Cleven
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam
| | - Steven T Pals
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, and Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
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13
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Bisso A, Sabò A, Amati B. MYC in Germinal Center-derived lymphomas: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:178-197. [PMID: 30874346 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of immunoglobulin loci during the germinal center reaction is associated with an increased risk of chromosomal translocations that activate oncogenes such as MYC, BCL2 or BCL6, thus contributing to the development of B-cell lymphomas. MYC and BCL2 activation are initiating events in Burkitt's (BL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL), respectively, but can occur at later stages in other subtypes such as Diffuse Large-B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). MYC can also be activated during the progression of FL to the transformed stage. Thus, either DLBCL or FL can give rise to aggressive double-hit lymphomas (DHL) with concurrent activation of MYC and BCL2. Research over the last three decades has improved our understanding of the functions of these oncogenes and the basis for their cooperative action in lymphomagenesis. MYC, in particular, is a transcription factor that contributes to cell activation, growth and proliferation, while concomitantly sensitizing cells to apoptosis, the latter being blocked by BCL2. Here, we review our current knowledge about the role of MYC in germinal center B-cells and lymphomas, discuss MYC-induced dependencies that can sensitize cancer cells to select pharmacological inhibitors, and illustrate their therapeutic potential in aggressive lymphomas-and in particular in DHL, in combination with BCL2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bisso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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14
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Roghanian A, Hu G, Fraser C, Singh M, Foxall RB, Meyer MJ, Lees E, Huet H, Glennie MJ, Beers SA, Lim SH, Ashton-Key M, Thirdborough SM, Cragg MS, Chen J. Cyclophosphamide Enhances Cancer Antibody Immunotherapy in the Resistant Bone Marrow Niche by Modulating Macrophage FcγR Expression. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1876-1890. [PMID: 31451483 PMCID: PMC7780711 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-resistant microenvironments represent a major barrier toward effective elimination of disseminated cancer. Many hematologic and solid tumors are resistant to therapeutic antibodies in the bone marrow (BM), but not in the periphery (e.g., spleen). We previously showed that cyclophosphamide (CTX) sensitizes the BM niche to antibody therapeutics. Here, we show that (i) BM resistance was induced not only by the tumor but also by the intrinsic BM microenvironment; (ii) CTX treatment overcame both intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms by augmenting macrophage activation and phagocytosis, including significant upregulation of activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRIII and FcγRIV) and downregulation of the inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB; and (iii) CTX synergized with cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and trastuzumab (anti-Her2) in eliminating metastatic breast cancer in the BM of humanized mice. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which CTX synergizes with antibody therapeutics in resistant niche-specific organs and its applicability in treating BM-resident tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roghanian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Fraser
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Russell B Foxall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Matthew J Meyer
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Lees
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Huet
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Sean H Lim
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | | | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kindgom
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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15
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Lossos C, Liu Y, Kolb KE, Christie AL, Van Scoyk A, Prakadan SM, Shigemori K, Stevenson KE, Morrow S, Plana OD, Fraser C, Jones KL, Liu H, Pallasch CP, Modiste R, Nguyen QD, Craig JW, Morgan EA, Vega F, Aster JC, Sarosiek KA, Shalek AK, Hemann MT, Weinstock DM. Mechanisms of Lymphoma Clearance Induced by High-Dose Alkylating Agents. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:944-961. [PMID: 31040105 PMCID: PMC6606344 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary activity of high-dose cyclophosphamide against some high-grade lymphomas was described nearly 60 years ago. Here we address mechanisms that mediate cyclophosphamide activity in bona fide human double-hit lymphoma. We show that antibody resistance within the bone marrow (BM) is not present upon early engraftment but develops during lymphoma progression. This resistance required a high tumor:macrophage ratio, was recapitulated in spleen by partial macrophage depletion, and was overcome by multiple, high-dose alkylating agents. Cyclophosphamide induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in BM-resident lymphoma cells in vivo that resulted in ATF4-mediated paracrine secretion of VEGFA, massive macrophage infiltration, and clearance of alemtuzumab-opsonized cells. BM macrophages isolated after cyclophosphamide treatment had increased phagocytic capacity that was reversed by VEGFA blockade or SYK inhibition. Single-cell RNA sequencing of these macrophages identified a "super-phagocytic" subset that expressed CD36/FCGR4. Together, these findings define a novel mechanism through which high-dose alkylating agents promote macrophage-dependent lymphoma clearance. SIGNIFICANCE: mAbs are effective against only a small subset of cancers. Herein, we recapitulate compartment-specific antibody resistance and define an ER stress-dependent mechanism induced by high-dose alkylating agents that promotes phagocytosis of opsonized tumor cells. This approach induces synergistic effects with mAbs and merits testing across additional tumor types.See related commentary by Duval and De Palma, p. 834.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lossos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kellie E Kolb
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda L Christie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandria Van Scoyk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjay M Prakadan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kay Shigemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen E Stevenson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Morrow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia D Plana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cameron Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen L Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huiyun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian P Pallasch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Modiste
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francisco Vega
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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16
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Chen Q, Wang J, Liu WN, Zhao Y. Cancer Immunotherapies and Humanized Mouse Drug Testing Platforms. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:987-995. [PMID: 31121491 PMCID: PMC6529825 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a type of treatment that restores and stimulates human immune system to inhibit cancer growth or eradicate cancer. It serves as one of the latest systemic therapies, which has been approved to treat different types of cancer in patients. Nevertheless, the clinical response rate is unsatisfactory and the response observed is mostly a partial response in patients. Despite the continuous improvement and identification of novel cancer immunotherapy, there is a pressing need to establish a robust platform to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pre-clinical drugs, simulate the interaction between patients’ tumor and immune system, and predict patients’ responses to the treatment. In this review, we summarize the pros and cons of existing immuno-oncology assay platforms, especially the humanized mouse models for the screening of cancer immunotherapy drugs. In addition, various emerging trends and progress of utilizing humanized mouse models as the screening tool are discussed. Of note, humanized mouse models can also be used for further development of personalized precision medicines to treat cancer. Collectively, these highlight the significance of humanized mouse models as the important platform for the screening of next generation cancer immunotherapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Wai Nam Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
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17
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Xiu D, Wang D, Wang J, Ji F, Zhang W. MicroRNA-543 suppresses liver cancer growth and induces apoptosis via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2451-2456. [PMID: 30675310 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of microRNA-543 on liver cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, and also to identify whether the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was a direct target of microRNA-543. When compared with paracarcinoma tissue, microRNA-543 expression in tissue samples from patients with liver cancer was identified to be decreased. Furthermore, overall survival of patients with high microRNA-543 expression was increased compared with patients with low microRNA-543 expression. Inhibition of microRNA-543 expression increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis of liver cancer cells. It also activated the protein expression of phosphorylated JAK2, phosphorylated STAT3, c-Myc and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in liver cancer cells. However, activation of microRNA-543 expression in turn decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of liver cancer cells. The results of the present study highlight the pivotal function of microRNA-543 as an inhibitor in liver cancer cell proliferation by observing JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc/Bcl-2 in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhui Xiu
- Department of Radiology, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Fujian Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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18
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Humanized Mice for the Study of Immuno-Oncology. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:748-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Craig JW, Mina MJ, Crombie JL, LaCasce AS, Weinstock DM, Pinkus GS, Pozdnyakova O. Assessment of CD52 expression in "double-hit" and "double-expressor" lymphomas: Implications for clinical trial eligibility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199708. [PMID: 30020951 PMCID: PMC6051601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
"Double-hit" and "double-expressor" lymphomas represent distinct but overlapping subsets of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The high rates of bone marrow involvement by these lymphomas pose a major therapeutic challenge due to the chemotherapy-resistant nature of the bone marrow microenvironment and the limited utility of rituximab-based salvage regimens in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. Preclinical studies utilizing high-dose cyclophosphamide in combination with the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab have recently shown promise in the treatment of intramedullary disease, and a Phase I human trial is now underway. In support of such efforts, here we perform CD52 target validation on a series of double-hit (n = 40) and double-expressor (n = 58) lymphomas using immunohistochemistry. CD52 expression levels varied considerably across samples, however positive staining was observed in 75% of both double-hit and double-expressor lymphomas. Similarly, high levels of CD52 expression were seen in patients whose disease was associated with high-risk clinical features, including primary refractory status (73%), higher IPI score (76%), and bone marrow involvement (74%). CD52 expression was not significantly correlated with diagnostically relevant pathologic features such as morphology, cytogenetic findings or other immunophenotypic features, but was notably present in all cases lacking CD20 expression (n = 6). We propose that CD52 expression status be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to guide eligibility for clinical trial enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Craig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Mina
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Crombie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ann S. LaCasce
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Geraldine S. Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Li S, Lin P, Medeiros LJ. Advances in pathological understanding of high-grade B cell lymphomas. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:637-648. [PMID: 29989509 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1494567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The designation high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) has been incorporated into the 2016 Revision of the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and includes two types: (1) HGBL, not otherwise specified; and (2) HGBL with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, also known as double or triple hit lymphoma (DHL/THL). These categories of lymphomas represent 1-2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and a considerable portion of DLBCL patients who are primary refractory to R-CHOP therapy. It corresponds to the designation 'B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma' in the 2008 WHO classification. Areas covered: This paper provides an update of HGBL, focusing on their pathologic features, prognosis, and diagnostic workup. It highlights advances in our understanding of DHL/THL. Expert commentary: The diagnosis relies on FISH testing and the major controversial question is when to perform it to diagnose virtually all DHL/THL cases, but also being cost effective. Currently there is no consensus. Considering the high refractory rate of these patients to standard R-CHOP induction, the authors recommend FISH testing in all newly diagnosed large B-cell lymphoma by using our stepwise test strategy. With the progress of molecular genetics, the prognosis will be further stratified and HGBL-NOS maybe further evolve too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Li
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Pei Lin
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- a Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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21
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Wegner A. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for the treatment of cancer and the future of preclinical models for predicting their toxicities. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:669-680. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy has achieved highly promising results in clinical trials, particularly in B-cell malignancies. However, reports of serious adverse events including a number of patient deaths have raised concerns about safety of this treatment. Presently available preclinical models are not designed for predicting toxicities seen in human patients. Besides choosing the right animal model, careful considerations must be taken in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell design and the amount of T cells infused. The development of more sophisticated in vitro models and humanized mouse models for preclinical modeling and toxicity tests will help us to improve the design of clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wegner
- Department of Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Roland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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22
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Balani S, Nguyen LV, Eaves CJ. Modeling the process of human tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15422. [PMID: 28541307 PMCID: PMC5458507 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the genesis of human cancers is at a scientific turning point. Starting from primary sources of normal human cells, it is now possible to reproducibly generate several types of malignant cell populations. Powerful methods for clonally tracking and manipulating their appearance and progression in serially transplanted immunodeficient mice are also in place. These developments circumvent historic drawbacks inherent in analyses of cancers produced in model organisms, established human malignant cell lines, or highly heterogeneous patient samples. In this review, we survey the advantages, contributions and limitations of current de novo human tumorigenesis strategies and note several exciting prospects on the horizon. A better understanding of the earliest stages of human cancer formation can enable future improvements in early detection, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors summarize the methods enabling de novo tumorigenesis protocols to be applied to human cells and the insights derived from them to date, as well as the exciting and relevant technical developments anticipated to extend even further the utility of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Balani
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Long V. Nguyen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie J. Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy is currently experiencing an unprecedented amount of success, delivering blockbuster sales for the pharmaceutical industry. Having experienced several false dawns and overcoming technical issues which limited progress, we are now entering a golden period where mAbs are becoming a mainstay of treatment regimes for diseases ranging from cancer to autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss how these mAbs are most likely working and focus in particular on the key receptors that they interact with to precipitate their therapeutic effects. Although their targets may vary, their engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) on numerous immune effector cells is almost universal, and here we review their roles in delivering successful immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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24
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Beer PA, Eaves CJ. Modeling Normal and Disordered Human Hematopoiesis. Trends Cancer 2015; 1:199-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Sarkozy C, Traverse-Glehen A, Coiffier B. Double-hit and double-protein-expression lymphomas: aggressive and refractory lymphomas. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e555-e567. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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26
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Oldreive CE, Skowronska A, Davies NJ, Parry H, Agathanggelou A, Krysov S, Packham G, Rudzki Z, Cronin L, Vrzalikova K, Murray P, Odintsova E, Pratt G, Taylor AMR, Moss P, Stankovic T. T-cell number and subtype influence the disease course of primary chronic lymphocytic leukaemia xenografts in alymphoid mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1401-12. [PMID: 26398941 PMCID: PMC4631786 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells require microenvironmental support for their proliferation. This can be recapitulated in highly immunocompromised hosts in the presence of T cells and other supporting cells. Current primary CLL xenograft models suffer from limited duration of tumour cell engraftment coupled with gradual T-cell outgrowth. Thus, a greater understanding of the interaction between CLL and T cells could improve their utility. In this study, using two distinct mouse xenograft models, we investigated whether xenografts recapitulate CLL biology, including natural environmental interactions with B-cell receptors and T cells, and whether manipulation of autologous T cells can expand the duration of CLL engraftment. We observed that primary CLL xenografts recapitulated both the tumour phenotype and T-cell repertoire observed in patients and that engraftment was significantly shorter for progressive tumours. A reduction in the number of patient T cells that were injected into the mice to 2-5% of the initial number or specific depletion of CD8(+) cells extended the limited xenograft duration of progressive cases to that characteristic of indolent disease. We conclude that manipulation of T cells can enhance current CLL xenograft models and thus expand their utility for investigation of tumour biology and pre-clinical drug assessment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft Survival
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phenotype
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri E Oldreive
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna Skowronska
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Davies
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen Parry
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Angelo Agathanggelou
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sergey Krysov
- CRUK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- CRUK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zbigniew Rudzki
- Department of Pathology, Heart of England Hospital, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - Laura Cronin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Murray
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elena Odintsova
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A Malcolm R Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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27
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Newman R, McHugh J, Turner M. RNA binding proteins as regulators of immune cell biology. Clin Exp Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26201441 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific RNA binding proteins (RBP) are important regulators of the immune response. RBP modulate gene expression by regulating splicing, polyadenylation, localization, translation and decay of target mRNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that RBP play critical roles in the development, activation and function of lymphocyte populations in the immune system. This review will discuss the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by RBP during lymphocyte development, with particular focus on the Tristetraprolin family of RBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Newman
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - J McHugh
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Turner
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Morton JJ, Bird G, Keysar SB, Astling DP, Lyons TR, Anderson RT, Glogowska MJ, Estes P, Eagles JR, Le PN, Gan G, McGettigan B, Fernandez P, Padilla-Just N, Varella-Garcia M, Song JI, Bowles DW, Schedin P, Tan AC, Roop DR, Wang XJ, Refaeli Y, Jimeno A. XactMice: humanizing mouse bone marrow enables microenvironment reconstitution in a patient-derived xenograft model of head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:290-300. [PMID: 25893296 PMCID: PMC4613815 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of cancer cell lines have led to the development of direct patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. However, the interplay between the implanted human cancer cells and recruited mouse stromal and immune cells alters the tumor microenvironment and limits the value of these models. To overcome these constraints, we have developed a technique to expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and use them to reconstitute the radiation-depleted bone marrow of a NOD/SCID/IL2rg−/− (NSG) mouse on which a patient’s tumor is then transplanted (XactMice). The human HSPCs produce immune cells that home into the tumor and help replicate its natural microenvironment. Despite previous passage on nude mice, the expression of epithelial, stromal, and immune genes in XactMice tumors aligns more closely to that of the patient tumor than to those grown in non-humanized mice – an effect partially facilitated by human cytokines expressed by both the HSPC progeny and the tumor cells. The human immune and stromal cells produced in the XactMice can help recapitulate the microenvironment of an implanted xenograft, reverse the initial genetic drift seen after passage on non-humanized mice, and provide a more accurate tumor model to guide patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Morton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - G Bird
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - S B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D P Astling
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - T R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - R T Anderson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M J Glogowska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Estes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - J R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P N Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - G Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - B McGettigan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - N Padilla-Just
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - M Varella-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - J I Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D W Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - P Schedin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - A-C Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - D R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - X-J Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Y Refaeli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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29
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Jagani H, Kasinathan N, Meka SR, Josyula VR. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein as a potential target for cancer therapy: A mini review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 44:1212-21. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1019668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Jagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanan Kasinathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreenivasa Reddy Meka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkata Rao Josyula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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30
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Díaz-Muñoz MD, Bell SE, Turner M. Deletion of AU-rich elements within the Bcl2 3'UTR reduces protein expression and B cell survival in vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116899. [PMID: 25680182 PMCID: PMC4332480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mRNA regulation by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) associated with AU-rich elements (AREs) present in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific mRNAs modulates transcript stability and translation in eukaryotic cells. Here we have functionally characterised the importance of the AREs present within the Bcl2 3'UTR in order to maintain Bcl2 expression. Gene targeting deletion of 300 nucleotides of the Bcl2 3'UTR rich in AREs diminishes Bcl2 mRNA stability and protein levels in primary B cells, decreasing cell lifespan. Generation of chimeric mice indicates that Bcl2-ARE∆/∆ B cells have an intrinsic competitive disadvantage compared to wild type cells. Biochemical assays and predictions using a bioinformatics approach show that several RBPs bind to the Bcl2 AREs, including AUF1 and HuR proteins. Altogether, association of RBPs to Bcl2 AREs contributes to Bcl2 protein expression by stabilizing Bcl2 mRNA and promotes B cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D. Díaz-Muñoz
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bell
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Turner
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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B-cell lymphomas with concurrent MYC and BCL2 abnormalities other than translocations behave similarly to MYC/BCL2 double-hit lymphomas. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:208-17. [PMID: 25103070 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large B-cell lymphomas with IGH@BCL2 and MYC rearrangement, known as double-hit lymphoma (DHL), are clinically aggressive neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Some large B-cell lymphomas have concurrent abnormalities of MYC and BCL2 other than coexistent translocations. Little is known about patients with these lymphomas designated here as atypical DHL. We studied 40 patients of atypical DHL including 21 men and 19 women, with a median age of 60 years. Nine (23%) patients had a history of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. There were 30 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 7 B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma, and 3 DLBCL with coexistent follicular lymphoma. CD10, BCL2, and MYC were expressed in 28/39 (72%), 33/35 (94%), and 14/20 (70%) cases, respectively. Patients were treated with standard (n=14) or more aggressive chemotherapy regimens (n=17). We compared the atypical DHL group with 76 patients with DHLand 35 patients with DLBCL lacking MYC and BCL2 abnormalities. The clinicopathologic features and therapies were similar between patients with atypical and typical DHL. The overall survival of patients with atypical double-hit lymphoma was similar to that of patients with double-hit lymphoma (P=0.47) and significantly worse than that of patients with DLBCL with normal MYC and BCL2 (P=0.02). There were some minor differences. Cases of atypical double-hit lymphoma more often have DLBCL morphology (P<0.01), less frequently expressed CD10 (P<0.01), and patients less often had an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P=0.01). In aggregate, these results support expanding the category of MYC/BCL2 DHL to include large B-cell lymphomas with coexistent MYC and BCL2 abnormalities other than concurrent translocations.
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32
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Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of ovarian cancer cases are difficult to reproduce in in vitro studies, which cannot adequately elucidate the molecular events involved in tumor initiation and disease metastasis. It has now become clear that, although the multiple histological subtypes of ovarian cancer are being treated with similar surgical and therapeutic approaches, they are in fact characterized by distinct phenotypes, cell of origin, and underlying key genetic and genomic alterations. Consequently, the development of more personalized treatment methodologies, which are aimed at improving patient care and prognosis, will greatly benefit from a better understanding of the key differences between various subtypes. To accomplish this, animal models of all histotypes need to be generated in order to provide accurate in vivo platforms for research and the testing of targeted treatments and immune therapies. Both genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and xenograft models have the ability to further our understanding of key mechanisms facilitating tumorigenesis, and at the same time offer insight into enhanced imaging and treatment modalities. While genetic models may be better suited to examine oncogenic functions and interactions during tumorigenesis, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are likely a superior model to assess drug efficacy, especially in concurrent clinical trials, due to their similarity to the tumors from which they are derived. Genetic and avatar models possess great clinical utility and have both benefits and limitations. Additionally, the laying hen model, which spontaneously develops ovarian tumors, has inherent advantages for the study of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and recent work champions this model especially when assessing chemoprevention strategies. While high-grade ovarian serous tumors are the most prevalent form of EOC, rarer ovarian cancer variants, such as small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type and transitional cell carcinoma, or non-epithelial tumors, including germ cell tumors, will also benefit from the generation of improved models to advance our understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms and the development of selective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders W Ohman
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniela M Dinulescu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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33
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Tarella C, Gueli A, Delaini F, Rossi A, Barbui AM, Gritti G, Boschini C, Caracciolo D, Bruna R, Ruella M, Gottardi D, Passera R, Rambaldi A. Rate of primary refractory disease in B and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with long-term survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106745. [PMID: 25255081 PMCID: PMC4177839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary refractory disease is a main challenge in the management of non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). This survey was performed to define the rate of refractory disease to first-line therapy in B and T-cell NHL subtypes and the long-term survival of primary refractory compared to primary responsive patients. Methods Medical records were reviewed of 3,106 patients who had undergone primary treatment for NHL between 1982 and 2012, at the Hematology Centers of Torino and Bergamo, Italy. Primary treatment included CHOP or CHOP-like regimens (63.2%), intensive therapy with autograft (16.9%), or other therapies (19.9%). Among B-cell NHL, 1,356 (47.8%) received first-line chemotherapy with rituximab. Refractory disease was defined as stable/progressive disease, or transient response with disease progression within six months. Results Overall, 690 (22.2%) patients showed primary refractory disease, with a higher incidence amongst T-cell compared to B-cell NHL (41.9% vs. 20.5%, respectively, p<0.001). Several other clinico-pathological factors at presentation were variably associated with refractory disease, including histological aggressive disease, unfavorable clinical presentation, Bone Marrow involvement, low lymphocyte/monocyte ration and male gender. Amongst B-cell NHL, the addition of rituximab was associated with a marked reduction of refractory disease (13.6% vs. 26.7% for non-supplemented chemotherapy, p<0.001). Overall, primary responsive patients had a median survival of 19.8 years, compared to 1.3 yr. for refractory patients. A prolonged survival was consistently observed in all primary responsive patients regardless of the histology. The long life expectancy of primary responsive patients was documented in both series managed before and after 2.000. Response to first line therapy resulted by far the most predictive factor for long-term outcome (HR for primary refractory disease: 16.52, p<0.001). Conclusion Chemosensitivity to primary treatment is crucial for the long-term survival in NHL. This supports the necessity of studies aimed to early identify refractory disease and to develop different treatment strategies for responsive and refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Tarella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela Gueli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Delaini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units, A. O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units, A. O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Barbui
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units, A. O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units, A. O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Cristina Boschini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Units, A. O. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology I, A. O. Città della Salute, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bruna
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Ruella
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Gottardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Division, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Passera
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Pallasch CP, Leskov I, Braun CJ, Vorholt D, Drake A, Soto-Feliciano YM, Bent EH, Schwamb J, Iliopoulou B, Kutsch N, van Rooijen N, Frenzel LP, Wendtner CM, Heukamp L, Kreuzer KA, Hallek M, Chen J, Hemann MT. Sensitizing protective tumor microenvironments to antibody-mediated therapy. Cell 2014; 156:590-602. [PMID: 24485462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-resistant microenvironments represent a major barrier toward effective elimination of disseminated malignancies. Here, we show that select microenvironments can underlie resistance to antibody-based therapy. Using a humanized model of treatment refractory B cell leukemia, we find that infiltration of leukemia cells into the bone marrow rewires the tumor microenvironment to inhibit engulfment of antibody-targeted tumor cells. Resistance to macrophage-mediated killing can be overcome by combination regimens involving therapeutic antibodies and chemotherapy. Specifically, the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide induces an acute secretory activating phenotype (ASAP), releasing CCL4, IL8, VEGF, and TNFα from treated tumor cells. These factors induce macrophage infiltration and phagocytic activity in the bone marrow. Thus, the acute induction of stress-related cytokines can effectively target cancer cells for removal by the innate immune system. This synergistic chemoimmunotherapeutic regimen represents a potent strategy for using conventional anticancer agents to alter the tumor microenvironment and promote the efficacy of targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Pallasch
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Ilya Leskov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christian J Braun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniela Vorholt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Adam Drake
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yadira M Soto-Feliciano
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric H Bent
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Janine Schwamb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bettina Iliopoulou
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nadine Kutsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | | | - Lukas P Frenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Clemens M Wendtner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Karl Anton Kreuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Drake A, Joshi NS, Szeto GL, Zhu E, Eisen HN, Irvine DJ. Koch Institute Symposium on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 1:217-222. [PMID: 24466562 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The 12th annual summer symposium of The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT was held in Cambridge, MA, on June 14th, 1023. The symposium entitled "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy" focused on recent advances in preclinical research in basic immunology and biomedical engineering, and their clinical application in cancer therapies. The day-long gathering also provided a forum for discussion and potential collaborations between engineers and clinical investigators. The major topics presented include: (i) enhancement of adoptive cell therapy by engineering to improve the ability and functionality of T-cells against tumor cells; (ii) current therapies using protein and antibody therapeutics to modulate endogenous anti-tumor immunity; and (iii) new technologies to identify molecular targets and assess therapeutic efficacy, and devices to control and target drug delivery more effectively and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drake
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Gregory L Szeto
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric Zhu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Herman N Eisen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139 ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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Malhotra S, Levy NB, Kaur P. Unusual concurrent presentation of a double hit (MYC/BCL2) and follicular lymphoma in a young patient; case report and review of key recent developments in double-hit lymphomas. J Hematop 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-013-0192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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The Impact of MYC Rearrangements and “Double Hit” Abnormalities in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2013; 8:243-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-013-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Yokota SJ, Facciponte JG, Kelleher RJ, Shultz LD, Loyall JL, Parsons RR, Odunsi K, Frelinger JG, Lord EM, Gerber SA, Balu-Iyer SV, Bankert RB. Changes in ovarian tumor cell number, tumor vasculature, and T cell function monitored in vivo using a novel xenograft model. CANCER IMMUNITY 2013; 13:11. [PMID: 23885217 PMCID: PMC3721261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite an initial response to chemotherapy, most patients with ovarian cancer eventually progress and succumb to their disease. Understanding why effector T cells that are known to infiltrate the tumor do not eradicate the disease after cytoreduction is critically important to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to augment tumor immunity and improve patient outcomes. Such studies have been hampered by the lack of a suitable in vivo model. We report here a simple and reliable model system in which ovarian tumor cell aggregates implanted intraperitoneally into severely immunodeficient NSG mice establish tumor microenvironments within the omentum. The rapid establishment of tumor xenografts within this small anatomically well-defined site enables the recovery, characterization, and quantification of tumor and tumor-associated T cells. We validate here the ability of the omental tumor xenograft (OTX) model to quantify changes in tumor cell number in response to therapy, to quantify changes in the tumor vasculature, and to demonstrate and study the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment. Using the OTX model, we show that the tumor-associated T cells originally present within the tumor tissues are anergic and that fully functional autologous T cells injected into tumor-bearing mice localize within the tumor xenograft. The transferred T cells remain functional for up to 3 days within the tumor microenvironment but become unresponsive to activation after 7 days. The OTX model provides for the first time the opportunity to study in vivo the cellular and molecular events contributing to the arrest in T cell function in human ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J. Yokota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John G. Facciponte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Raymond J. Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Jenni L. Loyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert R. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John G. Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edith M. Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sathy V. Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Pavlova NN, Pallasch C, Elia AEH, Braun CJ, Westbrook TF, Hemann M, Elledge SJ. A role for PVRL4-driven cell-cell interactions in tumorigenesis. eLife 2013; 2:e00358. [PMID: 23682311 PMCID: PMC3641523 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. PVRL4 promotes anchorage-independence by driving cell-to-cell attachment and matrix-independent integrin β4/SHP-2/c-Src activation. Solid tumors frequently have copy number gains of the PVRL4 locus and some have focal amplifications. We demonstrate that the transformation of breast cancer cells is dependent on PVRL4. Furthermore, growth of orthotopically implanted tumors in vivo is inhibited by blocking PVRL4-driven cell-to-cell attachment with monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating a novel strategy for targeted therapy of cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00358.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Pavlova
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew EH Elia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian J Braun
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Hemann
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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40
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Shultz LD, Brehm MA, Garcia-Martinez JV, Greiner DL. Humanized mice for immune system investigation: progress, promise and challenges. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:786-98. [PMID: 23059428 DOI: 10.1038/nri3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the in vivo functions of human cells and tissues and the human immune system have resulted from the development of 'humanized' mouse strains that are based on severely immunodeficient mice with mutations in the interleukin-2 receptor common γ-chain locus. These mouse strains support the engraftment of a functional human immune system and permit detailed analyses of human immune biology, development and functions. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the development and utilization of humanized mice, the lessons learnt, the remaining challenges and the promise of using humanized mice for the in vivo study of human immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard D Shultz
- Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
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