1
|
Pegram M, Pietras R, Dang CT, Murthy R, Bachelot T, Janni W, Sharma P, Hamilton E, Saura C. Evolving perspectives on the treatment of HR+/HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231187201. [PMID: 37576607 PMCID: PMC10422890 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231187201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) with expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) protein and with overexpression/amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), termed hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ BC, represents ∼10% of all BCs in the United States. HR+/HER2+ BC includes HER2+ BCs that are ER+, PR+, or both ER+ and PR+ (triple-positive BC). Although the current guideline-recommended treatment combination of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy is an effective first-line therapy for many patients with HER2+ advanced disease, intratumoral heterogeneity within the HR+/HER2+ subtype and differences between the HR+/HER2+ subtype and the HR-/HER2+ subtype suggest that other targeted combinations could be investigated in randomized clinical trials for patients with HR+/HER2+ BC. In addition, published data indicate that crosstalk between HRs and HER2 can lead to treatment resistance. Dual HR and HER2 pathway targeting has been shown to be a rational approach to effective and well-tolerated therapy for patients with tumors driven by HER2 and HR, as it may prevent development of resistance by blocking receptor pathway crosstalk. However, clinical trial data for such approaches are limited. Treatments to attenuate other signaling pathways involved in receptor crosstalk are also under investigation for inclusion in dual receptor targeting regimens. These include cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, based on the rationale that association of CDK4/6 with cyclin D1 may play a role in resistance to HER2-directed therapies, and others such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitors. Herein, we will review the scientific and clinical rationale for combined receptor blockade targeting HER2 and ER for patients with advanced-stage HR+/HER2+ disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pegram
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry Lokey Building/SIM 1, 265 Campus Drive, Ste G2103, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA
| | - Richard Pietras
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chau T. Dang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rashmi Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristina Saura
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology Service, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang ZH, Zheng ZQ, Jia S, Liu SN, Xiao XF, Chen GY, Liang WQ, Lu XF. Trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms, emerging biomarkers and targeting agents. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006429. [PMID: 36276152 PMCID: PMC9584623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a standard molecular targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) -positive breast cancer, which can significantly improve the survival of patients with this molecular subtype of breast cancer. However, the clinical problem of onset or secondary resistance to trastuzumab has limited its efficacy. Therefore, it is very important to explore the mechanism of trastuzumab resistance and formulate countermeasures. Our study described the underlying molecular mechanism of trastuzumab resistance including ERBB2 mutations and nuclear localization, transcriptional and post-translational alterations of ERBB2, over-activation of bypass signaling pathways activation and so on. Then summarize the potential emerging predicting biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for trastuzumab resistance, in order to provide research direction for reversing trastuzumab resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-hao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Zhuo-qun Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Shi−cheng Jia
- Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Shu-ni Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-fen Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Guan-yuan Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
| | - Wei-quan Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-feng Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marin BM, Porath KA, Jain S, Kim M, Conage-Pough JE, Oh JH, Miller CL, Talele S, Kitange GJ, Tian S, Burgenske DM, Mladek AC, Gupta SK, Decker PA, McMinn MH, Stopka SA, Regan MS, He L, Carlson BL, Bakken K, Burns TC, Parney IF, Giannini C, Agar NYR, Eckel-Passow JE, Cochran JR, Elmquist WF, Vaubel RA, White FM, Sarkaria JN. Heterogeneous delivery across the blood-brain barrier limits the efficacy of an EGFR-targeting antibody drug conjugate in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:2042-2053. [PMID: 34050676 PMCID: PMC8643472 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M), is a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma (GBM) but recent clinical trials did not demonstrate a survival benefit. Understanding the mechanisms of failure for this promising strategy is critically important. METHODS PDX models were employed to study efficacy of systemic vs intracranial delivery of Depatux-M. Immunofluorescence and MALDI-MSI were performed to detect drug levels in the brain. EGFR levels and compensatory pathways were studied using quantitative flow cytometry, Western blots, RNAseq, FISH, and phosphoproteomics. RESULTS Systemic delivery of Depatux-M was highly effective in nine of 10 EGFR-amplified heterotopic PDXs with survival extending beyond one year in eight PDXs. Acquired resistance in two PDXs (GBM12 and GBM46) was driven by suppression of EGFR expression or emergence of a novel short-variant of EGFR lacking the epitope for the Depatux-M antibody. In contrast to the profound benefit observed in heterotopic tumors, only two of seven intrinsically sensitive PDXs were responsive to Depatux-M as intracranial tumors. Poor efficacy in orthotopic PDXs was associated with limited and heterogeneous distribution of Depatux-M into tumor tissues, and artificial disruption of the BBB or bypass of the BBB by direct intracranial injection of Depatux-M into orthotopic tumors markedly enhanced the efficacy of drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS Despite profound intrinsic sensitivity to Depatux-M, limited drug delivery into brain tumor may have been a key contributor to lack of efficacy in recently failed clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Maria Marin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kendra A Porath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason E Conage-Pough
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Surabhi Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gaspar J Kitange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madison H McMinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katrina Bakken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Terence C Burns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Corresponding Author: Jann N. Sarkaria, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kam AYF, Piryani SO, Lee CL, Rizzieri DA, Spector NL, Sarantopoulos S, Doan PL. Selective ERBB2 and BCL2 Inhibition Is Synergistic for Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis in MDS and AML Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:886-899. [PMID: 33514658 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ERBB2 proto-oncogene is associated with an aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. Its role in hematologic malignancies is incompletely defined, in part because ERBB2 is not readily detected on the surface of cancer cells. We demonstrate that truncated ERBB2, which lacks the extracellular domain, is overexpressed on primary CD34+ myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells compared with healthy hematopoietic cells. This overexpression of ERBB2 is associated with aberrant, oncogenic signaling with autophosphorylation of multiple tyrosine sites. Like in breast cancers, ERBB2 can exist as truncated isoforms p95ERBB2 and p110ERBB2 in MDS and AML. Neutralization of ERBB2 signaling with ERBB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (i.e., lapatinib, afatinib, and neratinib) increases apoptotic cell death and reduces human engraftment of MDS cells in mice at 21 weeks posttransplantation. Inhibition of ERBB2 modulates the expression of multiple pro- and anti-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2). Dual blockade with ERBB2 and BCL2 inhibitors triggers additional reductions of BCL2 phosphorylation and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) expression compared with single drug treatment. Dual therapy was synergistic at all tested doses, with a dose reduction index of up to 29 for lapatinib + venetoclax compared with venetoclax alone. Notably, these agents operated together and shifted cancer cells to a pro-apoptotic phenotype, resulting in increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release and activated caspase-3-mediated cell death. IMPLICATIONS: These findings warrant study of ERBB2 and BCL2 combination therapy in patients with MDS and AML. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/5/886/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Y F Kam
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sadhna O Piryani
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David A Rizzieri
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Neil L Spector
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gumuscu B, Herr AE. Separation-encoded microparticles for single-cell western blotting. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:64-73. [PMID: 31773114 PMCID: PMC7029799 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00917e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of proteins from single cells has been realized at the microscale using microfluidic channels, capillaries, and semi-enclosed microwell arrays. Although powerful, these formats are constrained, with the enclosed geometries proving cumbersome for multistage assays, including electrophoresis followed by immunoprobing. We introduce a hybrid microfluidic format that toggles between a planar microwell array and a suspension of microparticles. The planar array is stippled in a thin sheet of polyacrylamide gel, for efficient single-cell isolation and protein electrophoresis of hundreds-to-thousands of cells. Upon mechanical release, array elements become a suspension of separation-encoded microparticles for more efficient immunoprobing due to enhanced mass transfer. Dehydrating microparticles offer improved analytical sensitivity owing to in-gel concentration of fluorescence signal for high-throughput single-cell targeted proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gumuscu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahman A, Henry KM, Herman KD, Thompson AA, Isles HM, Tulotta C, Sammut D, Rougeot JJ, Khoshaein N, Reese AE, Higgins K, Tabor C, Sabroe I, Zuercher WJ, Savage CO, Meijer AH, Whyte MK, Dockrell DH, Renshaw SA, Prince LR. Inhibition of ErbB kinase signalling promotes resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. eLife 2019; 8:50990. [PMID: 31613219 PMCID: PMC6839918 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation with prolonged neutrophil survival is common to many inflammatory conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are few specific therapies that reverse neutrophilic inflammation, but uncovering mechanisms regulating neutrophil survival is likely to identify novel therapeutic targets. Screening of 367 kinase inhibitors in human neutrophils and a zebrafish tail fin injury model identified ErbBs as common targets of compounds that accelerated inflammation resolution. The ErbB inhibitors gefitinib, CP-724714, erbstatin and tyrphostin AG825 significantly accelerated apoptosis of human neutrophils, including neutrophils from people with COPD. Neutrophil apoptosis was also increased in Tyrphostin AG825 treated-zebrafish in vivo. Tyrphostin AG825 decreased peritoneal inflammation in zymosan-treated mice, and increased lung neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis in a murine acute lung injury model. Tyrphostin AG825 and knockdown of egfra and erbb2 by CRISPR/Cas9 reduced inflammation in zebrafish. Our work shows that inhibitors of ErbB kinases have therapeutic potential in neutrophilic inflammatory disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD) is a serious condition that causes the lungs to become inflamed for long periods of time, leading to permanent damage of the airways. Immune cells known as neutrophils promote inflammation after an injury, or during an infection, to aid the healing process. However, if they are active for too long, they may also cause tissue damage and drive inflammatory diseases including COPD. To limit damage to the body, neutrophils usually have a very short lifespan and die by a regulated process known as apoptosis. Finding ways to stimulate apoptosis in neutrophils may be key to developing better treatments for inflammatory diseases. Cells contain many enzymes known as kinases that control apoptosis and other cell processes. Drugs that inhibit specific kinases are effective treatments for some types of cancer and other conditions, and new kinase-inhibiting drugs are currently being developed. However, it remains unclear which kinases regulate apoptosis in neutrophils or which kinase-inhibiting drugs may have the potential to treat COPD and other inflammatory diseases. To address these questions, Rahman et al. tested over 350 kinase-inhibiting drugs to identify ones that promote apoptosis in neutrophils. The experiments showed that human neutrophils treated with drugs that inhibit the ErbB family of kinases died by apoptosis more quickly than untreated neutrophils. Next, Rahman et al. used zebrafish with injured tail fins as models to study inflammation. Zebrafish treated with one of these drugs – known as Tyrphostin AG825 – had lower levels of inflammation and their neutrophils underwent apoptosis more frequently than untreated zebrafish. Since drugs can have off-target effects, Rahman et al. went on to show using gene-editing technology that reducing the activity of two genes that encode ErbB kinases in zebrafish also decreased the levels of inflammation in the fish. Further experiments used mice that develop inflammation in the lungs similar to COPD in humans. As expected, neutrophils in the lungs of mice treated with Tyrphostin AG825 underwent apoptosis more frequently than those in untreated mice. These dead neutrophils were effectively cleared by other immune cells called macrophages, which also helps limit damage caused by neutrophils. Together, these findings show that Tyrphostin AG825 and other drugs that inhibit ErbB kinases help to reduce inflammation by promoting the death of neutrophils. Since several of these drugs are already used to treat human cancers, it may be possible in the future to repurpose them for use in people with COPD and other long-term inflammatory diseases. Determining whether this is possible is an aim for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Katherine M Henry
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly D Herman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alfred Ar Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M Isles
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Tulotta
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David Sammut
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nika Khoshaein
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail E Reese
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Higgins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Tabor
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - William J Zuercher
- SGC-UNC, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Caroline O Savage
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moira Kb Whyte
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David H Dockrell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne R Prince
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sinkala E, Rosàs-Canyelles E, Herr AE. Single-cell mobility shift electrophoresis reports protein localization to the cell membrane. Analyst 2019; 144:972-979. [PMID: 30234203 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While profiling of cell surface receptors grants valuable insight on cell phenotype, surface receptors alone cannot fully describe activated downstream signaling pathways, detect internalized receptor activity, or indicate constitutively active signaling in subcellular compartments. To measure surface-bound and intracellular targets in the same cell, we introduce a tandem single-cell assay that combines immunofluorescence of surface-bound epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) with subsequent protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of unfixed MCF7 breast cancer cells. After surface staining and cell lysis, surface EpCAM is analyzed by single-cell PAGE, concurrent with immunoprobing of intracellular targets. Consequently, the single-cell electrophoresis step reports localization of both surface and intracellular targets. Unbound intracellular EpCAM is readily resolved from surface EpCAM immunocomplex owing to a ∼30% mobility shift. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence are in concordance with single-cell PAGE. Lastly, we challenged the stability of the EpCAM immunocomplexes by varying ionic and non-ionic component concentrations in the lysis buffer, the lysis time, and electrophoresis duration. As expected, the harsher conditions proved most disruptive to the immunocomplexes. The compatibility of live-cell immunostaining with single-cell PAGE eliminates the need to perform single-cell imaging by condensing read-out of both surface-bound proteins (as low mobility immune complexes) and intracellular targets to a single immunoblot, thus linking cell type and state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elly Sinkala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 Berkeley, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pegram MD, Zong Y, Yam C, Goetz MP, Moulder SL. Innovative Strategies: Targeting Subtypes in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:65-77. [PMID: 30231328 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer continues to be a life-threatening diagnosis that impacts hundreds of thousands of patients around the world. Targeted therapies are usually associated with less toxicity compared with cytotoxic chemotherapies and often induce response or durable disease control in estrogen receptor (ER) and/or HER2+ breast cancers. Drugs that target CDK 4/6 either alone or in combination with endocrine therapy have demonstrated substantial improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) compared with endocrine monotherapy. Most recently, PARP inhibitors have shown longer PFS compared with physician's choice of chemotherapy in BRCA-associated cancers, leading to the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a targeted therapy with the potential to benefit a subgroup of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Finally, newer drug delivery strategies using antibody drug conjugates have also allowed a "targeted approach" to deliver moderate to extremely potent cytotoxins directly to sites of metastatic disease, with less toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pegram
- From the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer, Stanford, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Yu Zong
- From the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer, Stanford, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Clinton Yam
- From the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer, Stanford, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- From the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer, Stanford, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- From the Stanford Comprehensive Cancer, Stanford, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marques M, Jangal M, Wang LC, Kazanets A, da Silva SD, Zhao T, Lovato A, Yu H, Jie S, Del Rincon S, Mackey J, Damaraju S, Alaoui-Jamali M, Witcher M. Oncogenic activity of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Oncogene 2018; 38:2177-2191. [PMID: 30459355 PMCID: PMC6484711 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribosylation), known as PARylation, is a post-translational modification catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and primarily removed by the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). While the aberrant removal of post-translation modifications including phosphorylation and methylation has known tumorigenic effects, deregulation of PARylation has not been widely studied. Increased hydrolysis of PARylation chains facilitates cancer growth through enhancing estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferation, but oncogenic transformation has not been linked to increased PARG expression. In this study, we find that elevated PARG levels are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancers, especially in HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that heightened expression of catalytically active PARG facilitates cell transformation and invasion of normal mammary epithelial cells. Catalytically inactive PARG mutants did not recapitulate these phenotypes. Consistent with clinical data showing elevated PARG predicts poor outcomes in HER2+ patients, we observed that PARG acts in synergy with HER2 to promote neoplastic growth of immortalized mammary cells. In contrast, PARG depletion significantly impairs the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast tumors. Mechanistically, we find that PARG interacts with SMAD2/3 and significantly decreases their PARylation in non-transformed cells, leading to enhanced expression of SMAD target genes. Further linking SMAD-mediated transcription to the oncogenicity of PARG, we show that PARG-mediated anchorage-independent growth and invasion are dependent, at least in part, on SMAD expression. Overall, our study underscores the oncogenic impact of aberrant protein PARylation and highlights the therapeutic potential of PARG inhibition in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Marques
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maika Jangal
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Li-Chun Wang
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Kazanets
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amanda Lovato
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Henry Yu
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Su Jie
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sperinde J, Huang W, Vehtari A, Chenna A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Winslow J, Bono P, Lie YS, Petropoulos CJ, Weidler J, Joensuu H. p95HER2 Methionine 611 Carboxy-Terminal Fragment Is Predictive of Trastuzumab Adjuvant Treatment Benefit in the FinHer Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535130 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Expression of p95HER2 (p95), a truncated form of the HER2 receptor, which lacks the trastuzumab binding site but retains kinase activity, has been reported as a prognostic biomarker for poor outcomes in patients with trastuzumab-treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. The impact of p95 expression on trastuzumab treatment efficacy in early HER2-positive breast cancer is less clear. In the current study, p95 was tested as a predictive marker of trastuzumab treatment benefit in the HER2-positive subset of the FinHer adjuvant phase III trial.Experimental Design: In the FinHer trial, 232 patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomized to receive chemotherapy plus 9 weeks of trastuzumab or no trastuzumab treatment. Quantitative p95 protein expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples using the p95 VeraTag assay (Monogram Biosciences), specific for the M611 form of p95. Quantitative HER2 protein expression was measured using the HERmark assay (Monogram Biosciences). Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was used as the primary outcome measure.Results: In the arm receiving chemotherapy only, increasing log10(p95) correlated with shorter DDFS (HR, 2.0; P = 0.02). In the arm receiving chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (N = 95), increasing log10(p95) was not correlated with a shorter DDFS. In a combined analysis of both treatment arms, high breast tumor p95 content was significantly correlated with trastuzumab treatment benefit in multivariate models (interaction P = 0.01).Conclusions: A high p95HER2/HER2 ratio identified patients with metastatic breast cancer with poor outcomes on trastuzumab-based therapies. Further investigation of the p95HER2/HER2 ratio as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3046-52. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Sperinde
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California.
| | - Weidong Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Aki Vehtari
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - John Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Petri Bono
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yolanda S Lie
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Christos J Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jodi Weidler
- Monogram Biosciences, currently Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital & Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang CC, Ward TM, Bockhorn J, Schiffman C, Huang H, Pegram MD, Herr AE. Electrophoretic cytopathology resolves ERBB2 forms with single-cell resolution. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:10. [PMID: 29872719 PMCID: PMC5871910 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to canonical oncoproteins, truncated isoforms and proteolysis products are implicated in both drug resistance and disease progression. In HER2-positive breast tumors, expression of truncated HER2 isoforms resulting from alternative translation and/or carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs) resulting from proteolysis (collectively, t-erbB2) have been associated with shortened progression-free survival of patients. Thus, to advance clinical pathology and inform treatment decisions, we developed a high-selectivity cytopathology assay capable of distinguishing t-erbB2 from full-length HER2 expression without the need for isoform-specific antibodies. Our microfluidic, single-cell western blot, employs electrophoretic separations to resolve full-length HER2 from the smaller t-erbB2 in each ~28 pL single-cell lysate. Subsequently, a pan-HER2 antibody detects all resolved HER2 protein forms via immunoprobing. In analysis of eight breast tumor biopsies, we identified two tumors comprised of 15% and 40% t-erbB2-expressing cells. By single-cell western blotting of the t-erbB2-expressing cells, we observed statistically different ratios of t-erbB2 proteins to full-length HER2 expression. Further, target multiplexing and clustering analyses scrutinized signaling, including ribosomal S6, within the t-erbB2-expressing cell subpopulation. Taken together, cytometric assays that report both protein isoform profiles and signaling state offer cancer classification taxonomies with unique relevance to precisely describing drug resistance mechanisms in which oncoprotein isoforms/fragments are implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Kang
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Toby M Ward
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jessica Bockhorn
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Courtney Schiffman
- 3Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- 4Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Mark D Pegram
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chumsri S, Sperinde J, Liu H, Gligorov J, Spano JP, Antoine M, Moreno Aspitia A, Tan W, Winslow J, Petropoulos CJ, Chenna A, Bates M, Weidler JM, Huang W, Dueck A, Perez EA. High p95HER2/HER2 Ratio Associated With Poor Outcome in Trastuzumab-Treated HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer NCCTG N0337 and NCCTG 98-32-52 (Alliance). Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29530935 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: p95HER2 is a truncated form of HER2 that confers resistance to trastuzumab in vitro, but clinical results have been conflicting to date. Given that p95HER2 levels correlate with total HER2 expression levels, which confer better outcomes, we sought to evaluate the p95HER2/HER2 ratio in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N0337 and N98-32-52 trials.Experimental Design: The HERmark assay and VeraTag technology (Monogram Biosciences) were used to measure total HER2 and p95HER2 expression levels in 91 patient samples.Results: In the multivariate model, increasing total HER2 level was significantly associated with longer (OS; HR, 0.33; P = 0.002) and decreasing p95HER2 level was significantly associated with longer OS (HR, 4.2; P = 0.01). Total HER2 expression level was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.57; P = 0.04), whereas p95HER2 level was not (HR, 1.7; P = 0.25). However, there was a positive association between p95HER2 and total HER2 expression levels (R2 = 0.48; P < 0.001). Consistent with our hypothesis, the ratio of p95HER2/HER2 was significantly associated with worsening PFS (HR, 1.7; P = 0.04) and OS (HR, 2.8; P = 0.002). Patients with the highest tertile of p95HER2/HER2 values had significantly less favorable PFS (HR, 1.8; P = 0.06) and OS (HR, 2.3; P = 0.02).Conclusions: A high p95HER2/HER2 ratio identified patients with metastatic breast cancer with poor outcomes on trastuzumab-based therapies. Further investigation of the p95HER2/HER2 ratio as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapy is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3053-8. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chumsri
- Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Jeff Sperinde
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Heshan Liu
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | - Winston Tan
- Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Christos J Petropoulos
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Weidong Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, California
| | - Amylou Dueck
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Edith A Perez
- Center for Breast Health, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Balani S, Nguyen LV, Eaves CJ. Modeling the process of human tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15422. [PMID: 28541307 PMCID: PMC5458507 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the genesis of human cancers is at a scientific turning point. Starting from primary sources of normal human cells, it is now possible to reproducibly generate several types of malignant cell populations. Powerful methods for clonally tracking and manipulating their appearance and progression in serially transplanted immunodeficient mice are also in place. These developments circumvent historic drawbacks inherent in analyses of cancers produced in model organisms, established human malignant cell lines, or highly heterogeneous patient samples. In this review, we survey the advantages, contributions and limitations of current de novo human tumorigenesis strategies and note several exciting prospects on the horizon. A better understanding of the earliest stages of human cancer formation can enable future improvements in early detection, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors summarize the methods enabling de novo tumorigenesis protocols to be applied to human cells and the insights derived from them to date, as well as the exciting and relevant technical developments anticipated to extend even further the utility of these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Balani
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Long V. Nguyen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie J. Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crowe LB, Hughes PF, Alcorta DA, Osada T, Smith AP, Totzke J, Loiselle DR, Lutz ID, Gargesha M, Roy D, Roques J, Darr D, Lyerly HK, Spector NL, Haystead TA. A Fluorescent Hsp90 Probe Demonstrates the Unique Association between Extracellular Hsp90 and Malignancy in Vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1047-1055. [PMID: 28103010 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular expression of heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) by tumor cells is correlated with malignancy. Development of small molecule probes that can detect eHsp90 in vivo may therefore have utility in the early detection of malignancy. We synthesized a cell impermeable far-red fluorophore-tagged Hsp90 inhibitor to target eHsp90 in vivo. High resolution confocal and lattice light sheet microscopy show that probe-bound eHsp90 accumulates in punctate structures on the plasma membrane of breast tumor cells and is actively internalized. The extent of internalization correlates with tumor cell aggressiveness, and this process can be induced in benign cells by overexpressing p110HER2. Whole body cryoslicing, imaging, and histology of flank and spontaneous tumor-bearing mice strongly suggests that eHsp90 expression and internalization is a phenomenon unique to tumor cells in vivo and may provide an "Achilles heel" for the early diagnosis of metastatic disease and targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Crowe
- Department of Cell
Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Philip F. Hughes
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - David A. Alcorta
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Aaron P. Smith
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Juliane Totzke
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - David R. Loiselle
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Isaac D. Lutz
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | | | - Debasish Roy
- BioInVision, Inc., Mayfield Village, Ohio 44143, United States
| | - Jose Roques
- Lineberger Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Neil L. Spector
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Timothy A.J. Haystead
- Department
of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lim KH, Langley E, Gao F, Luo J, Li L, Meyer G, Kim P, Singh S, Kushnir VM, Early DS, Mullady DK, Edmundowicz SA, Wani S, Murad FM, Cao D, Azar RR, Wang-Gillam A. A clinically feasible multiplex proteomic immunoassay as a novel functional diagnostic for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:24250-24261. [PMID: 28445954 PMCID: PMC5421844 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, targeted therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains largely unsuccessful in the clinic. Current genomics-based technologies are unable to reflect the quantitative, dynamic signaling changes in the tumor, and require larger tumor samples that are difficult to obtain in PDAC patients. Therefore, a highly sensitive functional tool that can reliably and comprehensively inform intra-tumoral signaling events is direly needed to guide treatment decision. We tested the utility of a highly sensitive proteomics-based functional diagnostic platform, Collaborative Enzyme Enhanced Reactive-immunoassay (CEERTM), on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples obtained from 102 patients with radiographically-evident pancreatic tumors. Two FNA passes were collected from each patient, hybridized to customized chips coated with an array of capture antibodies, and detected using two enzyme-conjugated antibodies which emit quantifiable signals. We demonstrate that this technique is highly sensitive in detecting total and phosphorylated forms of multiple signaling molecules in FNA specimens, with reasonable correlation of marker intensities between two different FNA passes. Notably, signals of several markers were significantly higher in PDAC compared to non-cancerous samples. In PDAC samples, we found high total c-Met signal to be associated with poor survival, and confirmed this finding using an independent PDAC tissue microarray.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma Langley
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary Meyer
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phillip Kim
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sharat Singh
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vladamir M. Kushnir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dayna S. Early
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel K. Mullady
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven A. Edmundowicz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Dengfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riad R. Azar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
ErbB2 regulates autophagic flux to modulate the proteostasis of APP-CTFs in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3129-E3138. [PMID: 28351972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618804114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) C-terminal fragments (CTFs) by γ-secretase underlies the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An RNA interference screen using APP-CTF [99-residue CTF (C99)]- and Notch-specific γ-secretase interaction assays identified a unique ErbB2-centered signaling network that was predicted to preferentially govern the proteostasis of APP-C99. Consistently, significantly elevated levels of ErbB2 were confirmed in the hippocampus of human AD brains. We then found that ErbB2 effectively suppressed autophagic flux by physically dissociating Beclin-1 from the Vps34-Vps15 complex independent of its kinase activity. Down-regulation of ErbB2 by CL-387,785 decreased the levels of C99 and secreted amyloid-β in cellular, zebrafish, and mouse models of AD, through the activation of autophagy. Oral administration of an ErbB2-targeted CL-387,785 for 3 wk significantly improves the cognitive functions of APP/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. This work unveils a noncanonical function of ErbB2 in modulating autophagy and establishes ErbB2 as a therapeutic target for AD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Profiling protein expression in circulating tumour cells using microfluidic western blotting. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14622. [PMID: 28332571 PMCID: PMC5376644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are rare tumour cells found in the circulatory system of certain cancer patients. The clinical and functional significance of CTCs is still under investigation. Protein profiling of CTCs would complement the recent advances in enumeration, transcriptomic and genomic characterization of these rare cells and help define their characteristics. Here we describe a microfluidic western blot for an eight-plex protein panel for individual CTCs derived from estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients. The precision handling and analysis reveals a capacity to assay sparingly available patient-derived CTCs, a biophysical CTC phenotype more lysis-resistant than breast cancer cell lines, a capacity to report protein expression on a per CTC basis and two statistically distinct GAPDH subpopulations within the patient-derived CTCs. Targeted single-CTC proteomics with the capacity for archivable, multiplexed protein analysis offers a unique, complementary taxonomy for understanding CTC biology and ascertaining clinical impact. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are rare cells found in the blood of certain cancer patients. Here, the authors develop a cytometry tool that appends a microfluidic western blot to a CTC isolation workflow and apply it to profile a panel of proteins in single CTCs isolated from ER+ breast cancer patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirai M, Arita Y, McGlade CJ, Lee KF, Chen J, Evans SM. Adaptor proteins NUMB and NUMBL promote cell cycle withdrawal by targeting ERBB2 for degradation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:569-582. [PMID: 28067668 PMCID: PMC5272190 DOI: 10.1172/jci91081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of trabecular myocytes to undergo appropriate cell cycle withdrawal leads to ventricular noncompaction and heart failure. Signaling of growth factor receptor ERBB2 is critical for myocyte proliferation and trabeculation. However, the mechanisms underlying appropriate downregulation of trabecular ERBB2 signaling are little understood. Here, we have found that the endocytic adaptor proteins NUMB and NUMBL were required for downregulation of ERBB2 signaling in maturing trabeculae. Loss of NUMB and NUMBL resulted in a partial block of late endosome formation, resulting in sustained ERBB2 signaling and STAT5 activation. Unexpectedly, activated STAT5 overrode Hippo-mediated inhibition and drove YAP1 to the nucleus. Consequent aberrant cardiomyocyte proliferation resulted in ventricular noncompaction that was markedly rescued by heterozygous loss of function of either ERBB2 or YAP1. Further investigations revealed that NUMB and NUMBL interacted with small GTPase Rab7 to transition ERBB2 from early to late endosome for degradation. Our studies provide insight into mechanisms by which NUMB and NUMBL promote cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal and highlight previously unsuspected connections between pathways that are important for cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry, with relevance to ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maretoshi Hirai
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yoh Arita
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - C. Jane McGlade
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson JN, Liu W, Brown AS, Landgraf R. Binding-induced, turn-on fluorescence of the EGFR/ERBB kinase inhibitor, lapatinib. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5006-11. [PMID: 25820099 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00239g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the photophysical properties, binding-induced turn-on emission, and fluorescence imaging of the cellular uptake and distribution of lapatinib, an EGFR/ERBB inhibitor. Lapatinib, a type II, i.e. inactive state, inhibitor that targets the ATP binding pocket of the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases. DFT calculations predict that the 6-furanylquinazoline core of lapatinib should exhibit an excited state with charge transfer character and an S0 to S1 transition energy of 3.4 eV. Absorption confirms an optical transition in the near UV to violet, while fluorescence spectroscopy shows that photoemission is highly sensitive to solvent polarity. The hydrophobicity of lapatinib leads to fluorescent aggregates in solution, however, binding to the lipid-carrier protein, BSA or to the kinase domain of ERBB2, produces spectroscopically distinct photoemission. Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of lapatinib uptake in ERBB2-overexpressing MCF7 and BT474 cells reveals pools of intracellular inhibitor with emission profiles consistent with aggregated lapatinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohd Nafi SN, Generali D, Kramer-Marek G, Gijsen M, Strina C, Cappelletti M, Andreis D, Haider S, Li JL, Bridges E, Capala J, Ioannis R, Harris AL, Kong A. Nuclear HER4 mediates acquired resistance to trastuzumab and is associated with poor outcome in HER2 positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5934-49. [PMID: 25153719 PMCID: PMC4171603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of HER4 in breast cancer is controversial and its role in relation to trastuzumab resistance remains unclear. We showed that trastuzumab treatment and its acquired resistance induced HER4 upregulation, cleavage and nuclear translocation. However, knockdown of HER4 by specific siRNAs increased trastuzumab sensitivity and reversed its resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Preventing HER4 cleavage by a γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibiting HER4 tyrosine kinase activity by neratinib decreased trastuzumab-induced HER4 nuclear translocation and enhanced trastuzumab response. There was also increased nuclear HER4 staining in the tumours from BT474 xenograft mice and human patients treated with trastuzumab. Furthermore, nuclear HER4 predicted poor clinical response to trastuzumab monotherapy in patients undergoing a window study and was shown to be an independent poor prognostic factor in HER2 positive breast cancer. Our data suggest that HER4 plays a key role in relation to trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore, our study provides novel findings that HER4 activation, cleavage and nuclear translocation influence trastuzumab sensitivity and resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Nuclear HER4 could be a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker and understanding the role of HER4 may provide strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Generali
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Merel Gijsen
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carla Strina
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Cappelletti
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Syed Haider
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacek Capala
- National Institutes of Health, Radiation Oncology Branch, Bethesda MD, US
| | - Roxanis Ioannis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park S, Langley E, Sun JM, Lockton S, Ahn JS, Jain A, Park K, Singh S, Kim P, Ahn MJ. Low EGFR/MET ratio is associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30929-38. [PMID: 26439803 PMCID: PMC4741578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are predictive markers for response to EGFR inhibitors, 30-40% of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are de novo non-responders. Hence, we sought to explore additional biomarkers of response. METHODS We conducted a prospective pilot study to characterize the expression and/or activation of key receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in stage IIIB-IV NSCLC tumors. A total of 37 patients were enrolled and 34 underwent EGFR inhibitor treatment. RESULTS As expected, patients bearing activating EGFR mutations showed increased progression free survival (PFS) compared to patients with wild-type EGFR status (9.3 vs 1.4 months, p = 0.0629). Analysis of baseline tumor RTK profiles revealed that, regardless of EGFR mutation status, higher levels of EGFR relative to MET correlated with longer PFS. At multiple EGFR/MET ratio cut-offs, including 1, 2 and 3, median PFS according to below vs. above cut-offs were 0.4 vs. 6.1 (p = 0.0001), 0.5 vs. 9.3 (p = 0.0006) and 1.0 vs. 11.2 months (p = 0.0008), respectively. CONCLUSION The EGFR/MET ratio measured in tumors at baseline may help identify NSCLC patients most likely to benefit from prolonged PFS when treated with EGFR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emma Langley
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Steve Lockton
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anjali Jain
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sharat Singh
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phillip Kim
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gautrey H, Jackson C, Dittrich AL, Browell D, Lennard T, Tyson-Capper A. SRSF3 and hnRNP H1 regulate a splicing hotspot of HER2 in breast cancer cells. RNA Biol 2015; 12:1139-51. [PMID: 26367347 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1076610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the oncogene HER2 occurs in 20-30% of invasive breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. A number of different splice variants of HER2 have been identified which produce functionally different proteins. Previously these splice variants have been investigated separately, but in the present study we collectively look at the expression and regulation of a group of HER2 splice variants produced by a splicing hotspot. Initial investigation in a cohort of tumor samples showed large variations in HER2 variant expression between patient samples. RNA interference studies identified 2 splicing factors involved in the regulation of splicing within this region, hnRNP H1 and SRSF3. siRNA targeting hnRNP H1 increases levels of X5 and the oncogenic variant Δ16HER2. Furthermore RNA chromatography assays demonstrated binding of hnRNP H1 to RNA in this region. Additionally the proto-oncogene SRSF3 was also identified as an important regulator of splicing with SRSF3 knockdown resulting in changes in all the splice variants located at the hotspot. Most notably knockdown of SRSF3 resulted in a switch from the oncogenic Δ16HER2 to p100 which inhibits cell proliferation. Binding of SRSF3 to RNA within this region was also demonstrated by RNA chromatography and more specifically 2 SRSF3 binding sites were identified within exon 15. SRSF3 and hnRNP H1 are the first splicing factors identified which regulate the production of these functionally distinct HER2 splice variants and therefore maybe important for the regulation of HER2 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gautrey
- a Institute of Cellular Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- a Institute of Cellular Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Anna-Lena Dittrich
- a Institute of Cellular Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - David Browell
- b Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead ; Tyne and Wear , UK
| | - Thomas Lennard
- c Northern Institute for Cancer Research; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Alison Tyson-Capper
- a Institute of Cellular Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Newcastle University ; Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duchnowska R, Sperinde J, Chenna A, Huang W, Weidler JM, Winslow J, Haddad M, Paquet A, Lie Y, Trojanowski T, Mandat T, Kowalczyk A, Czartoryska-Arłukowicz B, Radecka B, Jarosz B, Staszkiewicz R, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Chudzik M, Biernat W, Jassem J. Quantitative HER2 and p95HER2 levels in primary breast cancers and matched brain metastases. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1241-9. [PMID: 25681308 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced breast cancer positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are at high risk for brain metastasis (BM). The prevalence and significance of expression of HER2 and its truncated form p95HER2 (p95) in BM is unknown. METHODS Seventy-five pairs of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from matched primary breast cancers (PBCs) and BM were assayed for quantitative p95 and HER2-total (H2T) protein expression using the p95 VeraTag and HERmark assays, respectively. RESULTS There was a net increase in p95 and H2T expression in BM relative to the matched PBC (median 1.5-fold, P = .0007 and 2.1-fold, P < .0001, respectively). Cases with H2T-positive tumors were more likely to have the largest (≥5-fold) increase in p95 (odds ratio = 6.3, P = .018). P95 positivity in PBC correlated with progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, P = .013), trended with shorter time to BM (HR = 1.8, P = .070), and correlated with overall survival (HR = 2.1, P = .042). P95 positivity in BM correlated with time to BM (HR = 2.0, P = .016) but did not correlate with overall survival from the time of BM diagnosis (HR = 1.2, P = .61). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of quantitative p95 and HER2 expression in matched PBC and BM. BM of breast cancer shows significant increases in expression of both biomarkers compared with matched PBC. These data provide a rationale for future correlative studies on p95 and HER2 levels in BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Duchnowska
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Jeff Sperinde
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Weidong Huang
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Jodi M Weidler
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - John Winslow
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Mojgan Haddad
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Agnes Paquet
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Yolanda Lie
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Tomasz Trojanowski
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Tomasz Mandat
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Anna Kowalczyk
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Bogumiła Czartoryska-Arłukowicz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Barbara Radecka
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Bożena Jarosz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Rafal Staszkiewicz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Ewa Kalinka-Warzocha
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Małgorzata Chudzik
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| | - Jacek Jassem
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland (R.D.); Monogram Biosciences, Inc, South San Francisco, California (J.S., A.C., W.H., J.M.W., J.W., M.H., A.P., Y.L.); Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland (T.T., B.J.); Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland (T.M.); Białystok Oncology Center, Białystok, Poland (B.C.-A.); Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland (B.R.); Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland (R.S.); Regional Oncology Center, Łódź, Poland (E.K.-W.); Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland (M.C.); Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (A.K., W.B., J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A. The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:253-70. [PMID: 25544707 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in the survival and proliferation of tumour cells and is overexpressed in up to 30 % of breast cancer cases. A considerable amount of work has been undertaken to unravel the activity and function of HER2 to try and develop effective therapies that impede its action in HER2 positive breast tumours. Research has focused on exploring the HER2 activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and rat sarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathways for therapies. Despite the advances, cases of drug resistance and recurrence of disease still remain a challenge to overcome. An important aspect for drug resistance is the complexity of the HER2 signaling network. This includes the crosstalk between HER2 and hormone receptors; its function as a transcription factor; the regulation of HER2 by protein-tyrosine phosphatases and a complex network of positive and negative feedback-loops. This review summarises the current knowledge of many different HER2 interactions to illustrate the complexity of the HER2 network from the transcription of HER2 to the effect of its downstream targets. Exploring the novel avenues of the HER2 signaling could yield a better understanding of treatment resistance and give rise to developing new and more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dittrich
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Activated cMET and IGF1R-driven PI3K signaling predicts poor survival in colorectal cancers independent of KRAS mutational status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103551. [PMID: 25090459 PMCID: PMC4121133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic mutational analysis provides predictive guidance for therapeutics such as anti-EGFR antibodies, but it is successful only for a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Method A comprehensive molecular profiling of 120 CRC patients, including 116 primary, 15 liver metastasis, and 1 peritoneal seeding tissue samples was performed to identify the relationship between v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) WT and mutant CRC tumors and clinical outcomes. This included determination of the protein activation patterns of human epidermal receptor 1 (HER1), HER2, HER3, c-MET, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Src homology 2 domain containing (Shc), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinases using multiplexed collaborative enzyme enhanced reactive (CEER) immunoassay. Results KRAS WT and mutated CRCs were not different with respect to the expression of the various signaling molecules. Poor prognosis in terms of early relapse (<2 years) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) correlated with enhanced activation of PI3K signaling relative to the HER kinase pathway signaling, but not with the KRAS mutational status. KRAS WT CRCs were identified as a mixed prognosis population depending on their level of PI3K signaling. KRAS WT CRCs with high HER1/c-MET index ratio demonstrated a better DFS post-surgery. c-MET and IGF1R activities relative to HER axis activity were considerably higher in early relapse CRCs, suggesting a role for these alternative receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in driving high PI3K signaling. Conclusions The presented data subclassified CRCs based on their activated signaling pathways and identify a role for c-MET and IGF1R-driven PI3K signaling in CRCs, which is superior to KRAS mutational tests alone. The results from this study can be utilized to identify aggressive CRCs, explain failure of currently approved therapeutics in specific CRC subsets, and, most importantly, generate hypotheses for pathway-guided therapeutic strategies that can be tested clinically.
Collapse
|
26
|
Brix DM, Rafn B, Bundgaard Clemmensen K, Andersen SH, Ambartsumian N, Jäättelä M, Kallunki T. Screening and identification of small molecule inhibitors of ErbB2-induced invasion. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1703-18. [PMID: 25070180 PMCID: PMC5528609 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB2 amplification and overexpression are strongly associated with invasive cancer with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Enhanced ErbB2 signaling induces cysteine cathepsin B and L expression leading to their higher proteolytic activity (zFRase activity), which is crucial for the invasion of ErbB2‐positive breast cancer cells in vitro. Here we introduce a simple screening system based on zFRase activity as a primary readout and a following robust invasion assay and lysosomal distribution analysis for the identification of compounds that can inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion. With an unbiased kinase inhibitor screen, we identified Bohemine/Roscovitine, Gö6979 and JAK3 inhibitor VI as compounds that can efficiently decrease cysteine cathepsin activity. Using the well‐established and clinically relevant ErbB1 and ErbB2 inhibitor lapatinib as a positive control, we studied their ability to inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion in 3‐dimensional Matrigel cultures. We found one of them, JAK3 inhibitor VI, capable of inhibiting invasion of highly invasive ErbB2‐positive ovarian cancer cells as efficiently as lapatinib, whereas Gö6979 and Roscovitine displayed more modest inhibition. All compounds reversed the malignant, ErbB2‐induced and invasion‐supporting peripheral distribution of lysosomes. This effect was most evident for lapatinib and JAK3 inhibitor VI and milder for Gö6979 and Roscovitine. Our results further showed that JAK3 inhibitor VI function was independent of JAK kinases but involved downregulation of cathepsin L. We postulate that the screening method and the verification experiments that are based on oncogene‐induced changes in lysosomal hydrolase activity and lysosomal distribution could be used for identification of novel inhibitors of ErbB2‐induced invasiveness. Additionally, we introduce a novel function for lapatinib in controlling malignant lysosomal distribution, that may also be involved in its capability to inhibit ErbB2‐induced invasion in vivo. Setting up a robust screening system for identification of inhibitors of ErbB2‐induced invasion. Establishment of a 3‐dimensional model system to study invasion of ErbB2‐positive ovarian cancer cells. Identification of JAK3 inhibitor VI as a compound that efficiently abrogates ErbB2‐induced cellular invasion. Identification of lapatinib and JAK3 inhibitor VI as regulators of lysosome trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Brix
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Rafn
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S H Andersen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Ambartsumian
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Jäättelä
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Kallunki
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Withacnistin inhibits recruitment of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors and induces regression of breast tumours. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:894-902. [PMID: 24983364 PMCID: PMC4150266 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to growth factor and cytokine receptors such as EGFR and IL-6 receptor gp130 is critical to their activation and ability to contribute to malignant transformation. Therefore, interfering with these biochemical processes could lead to the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, microscopy, DNA binding, invasion, and soft agar assays as well as a mouse model were used to investigate the mechanism by which the natural product Withacnistin (Wit) inhibits STAT 3/5 tyrosine phosphoryaltion and activation. Results: Wit blocks EGF- and IL-6-stimulated binding of STAT3 and STAT5 to EGFR and gp130. Wit inhibits EGF-, PDGF-, IL-6-, IFNβ-, and GM-CSF-stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5 but not of EGFR or PDGFR. The inhibition of P-STAT3 and P-STAT5 occurred rapidly, within minutes of Wit treatment and growth factor stimulation. Wit also inhibits STAT3 nuclear translocation, DNA binding, promoter transcriptional activation, and it suppresses the expression levels of STAT3 target genes such as Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Finally, Wit induces apoptosis, inhibits anchorage-dependent and -independent growth and invasion, and causes breast tumour regression in an ErbB2-driven transgenic mouse model. Conclusions: These data warrant further development of Wit as a novel anticancer drug for targeting tumours that harbour hyperactivated STAT3 and STAT5.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fabi A, Mottolese M, Segatto O. Therapeutic targeting of ERBB2 in breast cancer: understanding resistance in the laboratory and combating it in the clinic. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:681-95. [PMID: 24861025 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ERBB2 gene amplification occurs in about one quarter of breast carcinomas (BCs) and identifies a distinct clinical subset of BC. The introduction in the clinic of Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed to the ERBB2 extracellular domain, has had a great impact on the therapeutic management of ERBB2+ BC. Yet, not all patients respond to Trastuzumab and resistance develops also among patients that initially benefit from Trastuzumab-based regimens. Pre-clinical studies have discovered several mechanisms through which tumor cells may escape from Trastuzumab-mediated ERBB2 inhibition. These include rewiring of the ErbB signaling network, loss of ERBB2 expression, expression of ERBB2 isoforms refractory to Trastuzumab inhibition, vicarious signaling by non-ErbB tyrosine kinases and constitutive activation of downstream signaling routes, such as the PI3K pathway. While the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms to establishing Trastuzumab resistance in the clinical setting is not fully understood, much attention has been focused on abating resistance by achieving complete blockade of ERBB2-containing dimers. This approach, propelled by the development of novel anti-ERBB2 therapeutics, has led to the recent approval of Lapatinib, Pertuzumab and T-DM1 as additional anti-ERBB2 therapeutics in BC. However, full success is far from being achieved and resistance to ERBB2 targeting remains a relevant problem in the clinical management of BC. Herein, we provide an overview of biological and molecular bases underpinning resistance to ERBB2 therapeutics in BC, discuss outstanding issues in the field of ERBB2 therapeutic targeting and elaborate on future directions of translational research on ERBB2+ breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Label-Free Quantitation and Mapping of the ErbB2 Tumor Receptor by Multiple Protease Digestion with Data-Dependent (MS1) and Data-Independent (MS2) Acquisitions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2013; 2013:791985. [PMID: 23710360 PMCID: PMC3654371 DOI: 10.1155/2013/791985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 is a breast cancer biomarker whose posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are a key indicator of its activation. Quantifying the expression and PTMs of biomarkers such as ErbB2 by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry has several limitations, including minimal coverage and extensive assay development time. Therefore, we assessed the utility of two high resolution, full scan mass spectrometry approaches, MS1 Filtering and SWATH MS2, for targeted ErbB2 proteomics. Endogenous ErbB2 immunoprecipitated from SK-BR-3 cells was in-gel digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, Asp-N, or trypsin plus Asp-N in triplicate. Data-dependent acquisition with an AB SCIEX TripleTOF 5600 and MS1 Filtering data processing was used to assess peptide and PTM coverage as well as the reproducibility of enzyme digestion. Data-independent acquisition (SWATH) was also performed for MS2 quantitation. MS1 Filtering and SWATH MS2 allow quantitation of all detected analytes after acquisition, enabling the use of multiple proteases for quantitative assessment of target proteins. Combining high resolution proteomics with multiprotease digestion enabled quantitative mapping of ErbB2 with excellent reproducibility, improved amino acid sequence and PTM coverage, and decreased assay development time compared to typical SRM assays. These results demonstrate that high resolution quantitative proteomic approaches are an effective tool for targeted biomarker quantitation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Iwakura Y, Nawa H. ErbB1-4-dependent EGF/neuregulin signals and their cross talk in the central nervous system: pathological implications in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:4. [PMID: 23408472 PMCID: PMC3570895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulins, regulate brain development and function. Thus, abnormalities in their signaling are implicated in the etiology or pathology of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Among the ErbB receptors, ErbB1, and ErbB4 are expressed in dopamine and GABA neurons, while ErbB1, 2, and/or 3 are mainly present in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and their precursors. Thus, deficits in ErbB signaling might contribute to the neurological and psychiatric diseases stemming from these cell types. By incorporating the latest cancer molecular biology as well as our recent progress, we discuss signal cross talk between the ErbB1-4 subunits and their neurobiological functions in each cell type. The potential contribution of virus-derived cytokines (virokines) that mimic EGF and neuregulin-1 in brain diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee J, Kim S, Kim P, Liu X, Lee T, Kim KM, Do IG, Park JO, Park SH, Jang J, Hoe N, Harvie G, Kuller A, Jain A, Meyer G, Leesman G, Park YS, Choi MG, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Lim HY, Singh S, Kang WK. A novel proteomics-based clinical diagnostics technology identifies heterogeneity in activated signaling pathways in gastric cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54644. [PMID: 23372746 PMCID: PMC3556044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to utilize the proteomics-based Collaborative Enzyme Enhanced Reactive (CEER) immunoassay to investigate protein tyrosine phosphorylations as diagnostic markers in gastric cancers (GCs). Experimental Design Protein lysates from fresh-frozen 434 advanced stage GCs were analyzed for phosphorylation of HER1, HER2, p95HER2, HER3, cMET, IGF1R and PI3K. The pathway activation patterns were segregated based on the tumor HER2 status. Hierarchical clustering was utilized to determine pathway coactivations in GCs. Prognostic value of pathway activation patterns was determined by correlating disease-free survival times of the various GC subgroups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. CEER was also used to determine the presence of tyrosine phosphorylated signaling cascades in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and ascites tumor cells (ATCs). Results Utilizing a novel diagnostics immunoassay, CEER, we demonstrate the presence of p95HER2 and concomitantly activated signaling pathways in GC tumor tissues, CTCs and ATCs isolated from GC patients for the first time. p95HER2 is expressed in ∼77% of HER2(+) GCs. Approximately 54% of GCs have an activated HER1, HER2, HER3, cMET or IGF1R and demonstrate a poorer prognosis than those where these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are not activated. Hierarchical clustering of RTKs reveals co-clustering of phosphorylated HER1:cMET, HER2:HER3 and IGF1R-PI3K. Coactivation of HER1 with cMET renders GCs with a shorter disease-free survival as compared to only cMET activated GCs. Conclusions Our study highlights the utility of a novel companion diagnostics technology, CEER that has strong implications for drug development and therapeutic monitoring. CEER is used to provide an increased understanding of activated signaling pathways in advanced GCs that can significantly improve their clinical management through accurate patient selection for targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SK); (WK)
| | - Phillip Kim
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xinjun Liu
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Tani Lee
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nicholas Hoe
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Gulia Harvie
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anne Kuller
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anjali Jain
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Gary Meyer
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Glen Leesman
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gew Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Bae
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sharat Singh
- Research and Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SK); (WK)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nahta R. Molecular Mechanisms of Trastuzumab-Based Treatment in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:428062. [PMID: 23227361 PMCID: PMC3512309 DOI: 10.5402/2012/428062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The past decade of research into HER2-overexpressing breast cancer has provided significant insight into the mechanisms by which HER2 signaling drives tumor progression, as well as potential mechanisms by which cancer cells escape the anticancer activity of HER2-targeted therapy. Many of these preclinical findings have been translated into clinical development, resulting in novel combinations of HER2-targeted therapies and combinations of trastuzumab plus inhibitors of resistance pathways. In this paper, we will discuss proposed mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance, including epitope masking, cross signaling from other cell surface receptors, hyperactive downstream signaling, and failure to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of action of dual HER2 inhibition, specifically the combination of trastuzumab plus lapatinib or trastuzumab with pertuzumab. We will also discuss data supporting therapeutic combinations of trastuzumab with agents targeted against molecules implicated in trastuzumab resistance. The roles of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and the estrogen receptor are discussed in the context of resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. Finally, we will examine the major issues that need to be addressed in order to translate these combinations from the bench to the clinic, including the need to establish relevant biomarkers to select for those patients who are most likely to benefit from a particular drug combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Nahta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Emory University, Suite 5001, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ; Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Low levels of Stat5a protein in breast cancer are associated with tumor progression and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R130. [PMID: 23036105 PMCID: PMC4053108 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Signal transducer and activator of transcripton-5a (Stat5a) and its close homologue, Stat5b, mediate key physiological effects of prolactin and growth hormone in mammary glands. In breast cancer, loss of nuclear localized and tyrosine phosphorylated Stat5a/b is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of antiestrogen therapy failure. Here we quantify for the first time levels of Stat5a and Stat5b over breast cancer progression, and explore their potential association with clinical outcome. Methods Stat5a and Stat5b protein levels were quantified in situ in breast-cancer progression material. Stat5a and Stat5b transcript levels in breast cancer were correlated with clinical outcome in 936 patients. Stat5a protein was further quantified in four archival cohorts totaling 686 patients with clinical outcome data by using multivariate models. Results Protein levels of Stat5a but not Stat5b were reduced in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastases compared with normal epithelia. Low tumor levels of Stat5a but not Stat5b mRNA were associated with poor prognosis. Experimentally, only limited overlap between Stat5a- and Stat5b-modulated genes was found. In two cohorts of therapy-naïve, node-negative breast cancer patients, low nuclear Stat5a protein levels were an independent marker of poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis of two cohorts treated with antiestrogen monotherapy revealed that low nuclear Stat5a levels were associated with a more than fourfold risk of unfavorable outcome. Conclusions Loss of Stat5a represents a new independent marker of poor prognosis in node-negative breast cancer and may be a predictor of response to antiestrogen therapy if validated in randomized clinical trials.
Collapse
|