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Liu H, Dang R, Zhang W, Hong J, Li X. SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189148. [PMID: 38960006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery. Recent studies have shown that multiple SNARE family members are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and actively contribute to malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Here, the localization and function of SNARE proteins in eukaryotic cells are firstly mapped. Then we summarize the expression and regulation of SNAREs in cancer, and describe their contribution to cancer progression and mechanisms, and finally we propose engineering botulinum toxin as a strategy to target SNAREs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiyue Dang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Golderman V, Gofrit SG, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Gozes I, Chapman J, Shavit-Stein E. The thrombin receptor (PAR1) is associated with microtubules, mitosis and process formation in glioma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33329. [PMID: 39027436 PMCID: PMC11254606 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell surface protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We studied the function and structure of intracellular microtubule (MT) and PAR1 in a tubulin-mediated process. We found that exposure to thrombin increased the percentage of proliferative, S, and M phases cells, affected morphology, and increased process elongation. PAR1 antagonist inversely affects these measures, increases tubulin end-binding protein 3 (EB3) mRNA expression in C6 cells, and reduces EB3 comet length, track length, and duration in neuroblastoma cells. In addition, immunofluorescence staining suggests that PAR1 is in close association with the MT α-tubulin and with coagulation cascade proteins during cell division stages. Our findings support PAR1 involvement in MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Golderman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Yanina Ivashko-Pachima
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Illana Gozes
- Elton Laboratory for Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Adams Super Center for Brain Studies and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- The TELEM Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
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Huang L, Zhong X, Li A, Tu F, He M, Xu X, Liu X, Zeng X, Chi J, Tian T, Wang C, Wang X, Ye J. Syntaxin6 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis via enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38834986 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syntaxin6 (STX6) is a SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) protein complex located in the trans-Golgi network and endosomes, which is closely associated with a variety of intracellular membrane transport events. STX6 has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of human malignant tumors such as esophageal, colorectal, and renal cell carcinomas, and participates in tumorigenesis and development. METHODS Based on clinical public database and clinical liver samples analysis, the expression of STX6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues was investigated. The effects of STX6 on proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell in vitro and in vivo were evaluated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. We further performed RNA-seq analysis and protein interactome analysis, to further decifer the detailed mechanisms of STX6 in the regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in HCC. RESULTS STX6 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues and its expression was highly correlated with the high histological grade of the tumor. STX6 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, STX6 mediated tumor progression depending on promoting the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) as an essential adaptor protein mediating STX6 regulation of JAK-STAT pathway. Specifically, STX6 interacted with RACK1 and then recruited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to form a protein-binding complex and activates STAT3 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a novel concept that STX6 exerted oncogenic effects by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, and STX6 might be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - An Li
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fuping Tu
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Department of critical medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China.
- , 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
| | - Jianming Ye
- Department of oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, China.
- , 128 Jinling Road, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
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Armijos MJG, Bassani TF, Fernandez CC, Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA. Decoding how receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mediate nuclear calcium signaling. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 92:101033. [PMID: 38739986 PMCID: PMC11156257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2024.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a highly versatile intracellular messenger that regulates several cellular processes. Although it is unclear how a single-second messenger coordinates various effects within a cell, there is growing evidence that spatial patterns of Ca2+ signals play an essential role in determining their specificity. Ca2+ signaling patterns can differ in various cell regions, and Ca2+ signals in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments have been observed to occur independently. The initiation and function of Ca2+ signaling within the nucleus are not yet fully understood. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) induce Ca2+ signaling resulting from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) formation within the nucleus. This signaling mechanism may be responsible for the effects of specific growth factors on cell proliferation and gene transcription. This review highlights the recent advances in RTK trafficking to the nucleus and explains how these receptors initiate nuclear calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González Armijos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernandes Bassani
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara Couto Fernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Lv Q, Hong L, Qi L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Liao H, Li C, Li T, Meng X, Chen J, Bao J, Wei J, Han B, Shen Q, Weiss LM, Zhou Z, Long M, Pan G. Microsporidia dressing up: the spore polaroplast transport through the polar tube and transformation into the sporoplasm membrane. mBio 2024; 15:e0274923. [PMID: 38193684 PMCID: PMC10865828 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02749-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide variety of hosts including humans. Microsporidian spores possess a unique, highly specialized invasion apparatus involving the polar filament, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole. During spore germination, the polar filament is discharged out of the spore forming a hollow polar tube that transports the sporoplasm components including the nucleus into the host cell. Due to the complicated topological changes occurring in this process, the details of sporoplasm formation are not clear. Our data suggest that the limiting membrane of the nascent sporoplasm is formed by the polaroplast after microsporidian germination. Using electron microscopy and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate staining, we describe that a large number of vesicles, nucleus, and other cytoplasm contents were transported out via the polar tube during spore germination, while the posterior vacuole and plasma membrane finally remained in the empty spore coat. Two Nosema bombycis sporoplasm surface proteins (NbTMP1 and NoboABCG1.1) were also found to localize in the region of the polaroplast and posterior vacuole in mature spores and in the discharged polar tube, which suggested that the polaroplast during transport through the polar tube became the limiting membrane of the sporoplasm. The analysis results of Golgi-tracker green and Golgi marker protein syntaxin 6 were also consistent with the model of the transported polaroplast derived from Golgi transformed into the nascent sporoplasm membrane.IMPORTANCEMicrosporidia, which are obligate intracellular pathogenic organisms, cause huge economic losses in agriculture and even threaten human health. The key to successful infection by the microsporidia is their unique invasion apparatus which includes the polar filament, polaroplast, and posterior vacuole. When the mature spore is activated to geminate, the polar filament uncoils and undergoes a rapid transition into the hollow polar tube that transports the sporoplasm components including the microsporidian nucleus into host cells. Details of the structural difference between the polar filament and polar tube, the process of cargo transport in extruded polar tube, and the formation of the sporoplasm membrane are still poorly understood. Herein, we verify that the polar filament evaginates to form the polar tube, which serves as a conduit for transporting the nucleus and other sporoplasm components. Furthermore, our results indicate that the transported polaroplast transforms into the sporoplasm membrane during spore germination. Our study provides new insights into the cargo transportation process of the polar tube and origin of the sporoplasm membrane, which provide important clarification of the microsporidian infection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liuyi Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Biomedical Research Center for Structural Analysis, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengkai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingtao Shen
- School of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu D, Wen C, Chen L, Ye M, Liu H, Sun X, Liang L, Zhang J, Chang S, Liu J. The emerging roles of PD-L1 subcellular localization in tumor immune evasion. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115984. [PMID: 38135128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting immune checkpoint PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 blockade has achieved a great therapeutic effect in a variety of cancer types. However, the overall response rate and duration are still limited for intrinsic and acquired resistance. There is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanism. Studies showed that PD-L1 regulation is related to the response to PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (PD-1 mAB). Interestingly, emerging studies found that the different distribution of PD-L1 has distinct functions in tumor through the specific signaling pathways. Thus, controlling the distribution of PD-L1 provides an attractive therapeutic strategy for enhancing PD-1 mAB efficiency and rewiring the resistance. Here, we review the recent studies about the role and regulation of PD-L1 distribution from synthesis to surface delivery, internalization, recycling, or lysosome degradation and translocated into the nucleus or secreted into the extracellular space. We place this knowledge in the context of observations in the clinic and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Long Liang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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7
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Bingham R, McCarthy H, Buckley N. Exploring Retrograde Trafficking: Mechanisms and Consequences in Cancer and Disease. Traffic 2024; 25:e12931. [PMID: 38415291 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Retrograde trafficking (RT) orchestrates the intracellular movement of cargo from the plasma membrane, endosomes, Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in an inward/ER-directed manner. RT works as the opposing movement to anterograde trafficking (outward secretion), and the two work together to maintain cellular homeostasis. This is achieved through maintaining cell polarity, retrieving proteins responsible for anterograde trafficking and redirecting proteins that become mis-localised. However, aberrant RT can alter the correct location of key proteins, and thus inhibit or indeed change their canonical function, potentially causing disease. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of how upregulation, downregulation or hijacking of RT impacts the localisation of key proteins in cancer and disease to drive progression. Cargoes impacted by aberrant RT are varied amongst maladies including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, bacterial and viral infections (including SARS-CoV-2), and cancer. As we explore the intricacies of RT, it becomes increasingly apparent that it holds significant potential as a target for future therapies to offer more effective interventions in a wide range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bingham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Niamh Buckley
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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8
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Li W, Li K, Wei H, Sun Y, Liao Y, Zou Y, Chen X, Deng C, Chen S, He Y, Huo M, Zhang C. Syntaxin-6, a Reliable Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Cancer and the Effectiveness of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010027. [PMID: 36612024 PMCID: PMC9817965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntaxin-6 (STX6), a vesicular transport protein, is a direct target of the tumor suppressor gene P53, supporting cancer growth dependent on P53. However, STX6's function in the tumor microenvironment has yet to be reported. In this research, we comprehensively explored the role of the oncogene STX6 in pan-cancer by combining data from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, CPTAC, cBioPortal, and TIMER. Then, we verified the carcinogenic effect of STX6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) through a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that STX6 is an oncogene for several cancers and is mainly involved in the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, oxidative phosphorylation, and tumor immune modulation, especially for tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and NKT cells. Additionally, a high level of STX6 could indicate patients' resistance to immunotherapy. Our own data indicated that the STX6 level was upregulated in HCC and CRC. Knockdown of the STX6 levels could arrest the cell cycle and restrain cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RNA-seq indicated that STX6 was significantly involved in pathways for cancer, such as the MAPK signal pathway. In a mouse model, knockdown of STX6 inhibited tumor growth and potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy. In light of the essential roles STX6 plays in carcinogenesis and cancer immunology, it has the potential to be a predictive biomarker and a target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yangjing Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Pathology, Southern Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiancong Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Cuncan Deng
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mingyu Huo
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.Z.)
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Mosher BS, Kowalik TF, Yurochko AD. Overview of how HCMV manipulation of host cell intracellular trafficking networks can promote productive infection. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1026452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised and developing fetuses. Infection has also been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and the development of certain cancers. The wide range of pathologies associated with HCMV infection is attributable to the broad cellular tropism of the virus where infection affects every organ system. Like other viruses, HCMV must tailor host cells to support productive infection. In particular, HCMV dedicates many resources and various strategies to manipulate host intracellular trafficking networks to facilitate various aspects of infection across all infected cell types. The dysregulation of host intracellular trafficking networks allows the virus to translocate to the host cell nucleus for genome replication, facilitate nuclear import/export of viral proteins and immature virions, subvert the host immune response, form new organelles for progeny virion assembly, maturation and egress, and promote cellular migration and viral spread. However, due to their complex nature, many aspects of these processes are not well-studied. New research and omics-based technologies have recently begun to elucidate the extent to which HCMV dysregulates host cell trafficking machinery. Here we review the variety of strategies HCMV utilizes to dysregulate intracellular trafficking networks to promote productive infection.
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10
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Human Cytomegalovirus Manipulates Syntaxin 6 for Successful Trafficking and Subsequent Infection of Monocytes. J Virol 2022; 96:e0081922. [PMID: 35862696 PMCID: PMC9327712 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exhibits a complex host-pathogen interaction with peripheral blood monocytes. We have identified a unique, cell-type specific retrograde-like intracellular trafficking pattern that HCMV utilizes to gain access to the monocyte nucleus and for productive infection. We show that infection of primary human monocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts leads to an increase in the amount of the trafficking protein Syntaxin 6 (Stx6). However, only knockdown (KD) of Stx6 in monocytes inhibited viral trafficking to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a requisite step for nuclear translocation in monocytes. Conversely, KD of Stx6 in epithelial cells and fibroblasts did not change the kinetics of nuclear translocation and productive infection. Stx6 predominantly functions at the level of the TGN where it facilitates retrograde transport, a trafficking pathway used by only a few cellular proteins and seldom by pathogens. We also newly identify that in monocytes, Stx6 exhibits an irregular vesicular localization rather than being concentrated at the TGN as seen in other cell-types. Lastly, we implicate that viral particles that associate with both Stx6 and EEA1 early in infection are the viral population that successfully traffics to the TGN at later time points and undergo nuclear translocation. Additionally, we show for the first time that HCMV enters the TGN, and that lack of Stx6 prevents viral trafficking to this organelle. We argue that we have identified an essential cell-type specific regulator that controls early steps in efficient productive infection of a cell-type required for viral persistence and disease. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe and often fatal disease in the immunocompromised. It is one of the leading infectious causes of birth defects and causes severe complications in transplant recipients. By uncovering the unique pathways used by the virus to infect key cells, such as monocytes, responsible for dissemination and persistence, we provide new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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11
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Madera S, Izzo F, Chervo MF, Dupont A, Chiauzzi VA, Bruni S, Petrillo E, Merin SS, De Martino M, Montero D, Levit C, Lebersztein G, Anfuso F, Roldán Deamicis A, Mercogliano MF, Proietti CJ, Schillaci R, Elizalde PV, Cordo Russo RI. Halting ErbB-2 isoforms retrograde transport to the nucleus as a new theragnostic approach for triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:447. [PMID: 35534460 PMCID: PMC9084267 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is clinically defined by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the lack of membrane overexpression or gene amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-2/HER2. Due to TNBC heterogeneity, clinical biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease remain elusive. We demonstrated that ErbB-2 is localized in the nucleus (NErbB-2) of TNBC cells and primary tumors, from where it drives growth. We also discovered that TNBC expresses both wild-type ErbB-2 (WTErbB-2) and alternative ErbB-2 isoform c (ErbB-2c). Here, we revealed that the inhibitors of the retrograde transport Retro-2 and its cyclic derivative Retro-2.1 evict both WTErbB-2 and ErbB-2c from the nucleus of BC cells and tumors. Using BC cells from several molecular subtypes, as well as normal breast cells, we demonstrated that Retro-2 specifically blocks proliferation of BC cells expressing NErbB-2. Importantly, Retro-2 eviction of both ErbB-2 isoforms from the nucleus resulted in a striking growth abrogation in multiple TNBC preclinical models, including tumor explants and xenografts. Our mechanistic studies in TNBC cells revealed that Retro-2 induces a differential accumulation of WTErbB-2 at the early endosomes and the plasma membrane, and of ErbB-2c at the Golgi, shedding new light both on Retro-2 action on endogenous protein cargoes undergoing retrograde transport, and on the biology of ErbB-2 splicing variants. In addition, we revealed that the presence of a functional signal peptide and a nuclear export signal (NES), both located at the N-terminus of WTErbB-2, and absent in ErbB-2c, accounts for the differential subcellular distribution of ErbB-2 isoforms upon Retro-2 treatment. Our present discoveries provide evidence for the rational repurposing of Retro-2 as a novel therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Madera
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Izzo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - María F Chervo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Dupont
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Violeta A Chiauzzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular and CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sharon S Merin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego Montero
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Levit
- Servicio de Ginecología, Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fabiana Anfuso
- Servicio de Ginecología, Sanatorio Sagrado Corazón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Roldán Deamicis
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Mercogliano
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia J Proietti
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Rosalía I Cordo Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Molecular Endocrinology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Bajaj R, Warner AN, Fradette JF, Gibbons DL. Dance of The Golgi: Understanding Golgi Dynamics in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:1484. [PMID: 35563790 PMCID: PMC9102947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is at the center of protein processing and trafficking in normal cells. Under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, aberrant Golgi dynamics alter the tumor microenvironment and the immune landscape, which enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Among these changes in the Golgi in cancer include altered Golgi orientation and morphology that contribute to atypical Golgi function in protein trafficking, post-translational modification, and exocytosis. Golgi-associated gene mutations are ubiquitous across most cancers and are responsible for modifying Golgi function to become pro-metastatic. The pharmacological targeting of the Golgi or its associated genes has been difficult in the clinic; thus, studying the Golgi and its role in cancer is critical to developing novel therapeutic agents that limit cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we aim to discuss how disrupted Golgi function in cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Bajaj
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda N. Warner
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jared F. Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Kim JH, Choi HS, Lee DS. Primaquine Inhibits the Endosomal Trafficking and Nuclear Localization of EGFR and Induces the Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells by Nuclear EGFR/Stat3-Mediated c-Myc Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312961. [PMID: 34884765 PMCID: PMC8657416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) drives resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and is correlated with poor survival in breast cancer. Inhibition of EGFR nuclear translocation may be a reasonable approach for the treatment of TNBC. The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and primaquine have been shown to promote an anticancer effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chloroquine- and primaquine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. We showed that primaquine, a malaria drug, inhibits the growth, migration, and colony formation of breast cancer cells in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Primaquine induces damage to early endosomes and inhibits the nuclear translocation of EGFR. Primaquine inhibits the interaction of Stat3 and nEGFR and reduces the transcript and protein levels of c-Myc. Moreover, primaquine and chloroquine induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells through c-Myc/Bcl-2 downregulation, induce early endosome damage and reduce nEGFR levels, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer through nEGFR/Stat3-dependent c-Myc downregulation. Our study of primaquine and chloroquine provides a rationale for targeting EGFR signaling components in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyang Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hack-Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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14
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Xiu M, Huan X, Ou Y, Ying S, Wang J. The basic route of nuclear-targeted transport of IGF-1/IGF-1R and potential biological functions in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13030. [PMID: 33932050 PMCID: PMC8168413 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) plays an important role in many biological processes in the intestinal tract. However, the cellular behaviour and characteristics of IGF-1/IGF-1R in intestinal cells remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of techniques (such as indirect immunofluorescence, co-localization and Western blot) have been used to systematically study the cellular behaviour of IGF-1/IGF-1R on intestinal cells. RESULTS We found that IGF-1 can not only internalize into the cytoplasm, but also transport into the cell nuclei. We systematically studied the detailed molecular pathways of IGF-1/IGF-1R's nuclear translocation. We found that IGF-1R underwent clathrin-mediated endocytosis into cells and then entered into Rab-5-positive endosomes. Dynein/dynactin were used as motors to drive Rab-5-positive endosomes carrying IGF-1R (cargo molecule) to Golgi apparatus (transit station) along the surface of the microtubule. IGF-1 and/or IGF-1R entered the cell nuclei through NPC (nuclear pore complex), a process mediated by NUP358. Further study indicated that nuclear localization of IGF-1 and/or IGF-1R promoted cell proliferation and increased the nuclear residence time of signalling molecules activated by IGF-1. Further experiments showed that IGF-1R may regulate the transcription of genes in the cell nuclei, indicating that nuclear-localized IGF-1R plays an important in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS In short, we revealed the molecular mechanism by which IGF-1/IGF-1R transports into the cell nuclei of intestinal cells. More importantly, the current work showed that the nuclear-localized IGF-1R has important biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiu
- Department of Intensive care unit, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Huan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Ou
- The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sha Ying
- The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianmeng Wang
- Department of Intensive care unit, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The department of Geriatris, The first hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Batth IS, Huang SB, Villarreal M, Gong J, Chakravarthy D, Keppler B, Jayamohan S, Osmulski P, Xie J, Rivas P, Bedolla R, Liss MA, Yeh IT, Reddick R, Miyamoto H, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Evidence for 2-Methoxyestradiol-Mediated Inhibition of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase RON in the Management of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041852. [PMID: 33673346 PMCID: PMC7918140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) possesses anti-tumorigenic activities in multiple tumor models with acceptable tolerability profile in humans. Incomplete understanding of the mechanism has hindered its development as an anti-tumorigenic compound. We have identified for the first-time macrophage stimulatory protein 1 receptor (MST1R) as a potential target of 2-ME2 in prostate cancer cells. Human tissue validation studies show that MST1R (a.k.a RON) protein levels are significantly elevated in prostate cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal/benign glands. Serum levels of macrophage stimulatory protein (MSP), a ligand for RON, is not only associated with the risk of disease recurrence, but also significantly elevated in samples from African American patients. 2-ME2 treatment inhibited mechanical properties such as adhesion and elasticity that are associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition by downregulating mRNA expression and protein levels of MST1R in prostate cancer cell lines. Intervention with 2-ME2 significantly reduced tumor burden in mice. Notably, global metabolomic profiling studies identified significantly higher circulating levels of bile acids in castrated animals that were decreased with 2-ME2 intervention. In summary, findings presented in this manuscript identified MSP as a potential marker for predicting biochemical recurrence and suggest repurposing 2-ME2 to target RON signaling may be a potential therapeutic modality for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Michelle Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Jingjing Gong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Divya Chakravarthy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Brian Keppler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Sridharan Jayamohan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Pawel Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Paul Rivas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Roble Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Michael A. Liss
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - I-Tien Yeh
- Pathology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.-T.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Reddick
- Pathology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.-T.Y.); (R.R.)
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Addanki P. Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (I.S.B.); (S.-B.H.); (M.V.); (J.G.); (D.C.); (B.K.); (S.J.); (P.O.); (J.X.); (P.R.); (R.B.)
- Urology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.L.); (R.G.)
- Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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HCMV-induced signaling through gB-EGFR engagement is required for viral trafficking and nuclear translocation in primary human monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19507-19516. [PMID: 32723814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003549117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous analysis of postentry events revealed that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) displays a unique, extended nuclear translocation pattern in monocytes. We determined that c-Src signaling through pentamer engagement of integrins is required upon HCMV entry to avoid sorting of the virus into late endosomes and subsequent degradation. To follow up on this previous study, we designed experiments to investigate how HCMV-induced signaling through the other major axis-the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase-regulates viral postentry events. Here we show that HCMV induces chronic and functional EGFR signaling that is distinct to the virus as compared to the natural EGFR ligand: EGF. This chronic EGFR kinase activity in infected monocytes is required for the proper subcellular localization of the viral particle during trafficking events, as well as for promoting translocation of viral DNA into the host nucleus. Our data indicate that HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) binds to EGFR at the monocyte surface, the virus and EGFR are internalized together, and gB remains bound to EGFR throughout viral postentry events until de-envelopment to promote the chronic EGFR kinase activity required for viral trafficking and nuclear translocation. These data highlight how initial EGFR signaling via viral binding is necessary for entry, but not sufficient to promote each viral trafficking event. HCMV appears to manipulate the EGFR kinase postentry, via gB-EGFR interaction, to be active at the critical points throughout the trafficking process that leads to nuclear translocation and productive infection of peripheral blood monocytes.
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17
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Chen MK, Du Y, Sun L, Hsu JL, Wang YH, Gao Y, Huang J, Hung MC. H 2O 2 induces nuclear transport of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET in breast cancer cells via a membrane-bound retrograde trafficking mechanism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8516-8528. [PMID: 30962283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular by-products produced from metabolism and also anticancer agents, such as ionizing irradiation and chemotherapy drugs. The ROS H2O2 has high rates of production in cancer cells because of their rapid proliferation. ROS oxidize DNA, protein, and lipids, causing oxidative stress in cancer cells and making them vulnerable to other stresses. Therefore, cancer cell survival relies on maintaining ROS-induced stress at tolerable levels. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in malignant cancer types, including breast cancer. Full-length c-MET triggers a signal transduction cascade from the plasma membrane that, through downstream signaling proteins, up-regulates cell proliferation and migration. Recently, c-MET was shown to interact and phosphorylate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in the nucleus and to induce poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance. However, it remains unclear how c-MET moves from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that H2O2 induces retrograde transport of membrane-associated full-length c-MET into the nucleus of human MCF10A and MCF12A or primary breast cancer cells. We further show that knocking down either coatomer protein complex subunit γ1 (COPG1) or Sec61 translocon β subunit (SEC61β) attenuates the accumulation of full-length nuclear c-MET. However, a c-MET kinase inhibitor did not block nuclear c-MET transport. Moreover, nuclear c-MET interacted with KU proteins in breast cancer cells, suggesting a role of full-length nuclear c-MET in ROS-induced DNA damage repair. We conclude that a membrane-bound retrograde vesicle transport mechanism facilitates membrane-to-nucleus transport of c-MET in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Center of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels of expression and membrane localization of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint type I transmembrane glycoprotein, are related to the clinical response of anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy. Although the biologically relevant localization of PD-L1 is on the plasma membrane of cancer cells, it has also been reported to be in the cytoplasm and sometimes in the nucleus. Furthermore, it has been claimed that chemotherapeutics can modify PD-L1 expression and/or its nuclear localization. RESULTS Data from our group suggest that the nuclear localization of PD-L1, and other plasma membrane proteins as well, could be an artifact resulting from inadequate experimental conditions during immunocytochemical studies. Mild detergent and rigorous fixation conditions should be used in order to preserve the membrane localization and to prevent an erroneous translocation of PD-L1 and other non-interconnected membrane proteins, such as CD24, into other cellular compartments including the nucleus, of untreated and chemotherapeutically treated breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION We propose that well-specified and rigorously followed protocols should be applied to immunocytochemical diagnostic techniques, especially to those related to individualized diagnosis and treatment.
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20
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Zhang M, Sun H, Deng Y, Su M, Wei S, Wang P, Yu L, Liu J, Guo J, Wang X, Han X, He Q, Shen L. COPI-Mediated Nuclear Translocation of EGFRvIII Promotes STAT3 Phosphorylation and PKM2 Nuclear Localization. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:114-126. [PMID: 30662352 PMCID: PMC6329918 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-ligand-dependent activation protein, EGFRvIII is the most common mutant of EGFR, and its existence or especially its nuclear translocation in tumors can exacerbate the malignancy. Compared with the nuclear translocation of EGFR, which has been studied extensively, the specific mechanism by which EGFRvIII undergoes nuclear translocation has not yet been reported. Here, we found that EGFRvIII eventually reached the nucleus with the involvement of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in glioma cells. In this process, syntaxin-6 was responsible for the identification and transport of EGFRvIII on Golgi. We also demonstrated that COPI mediated the reverse transport of EGFRvIII from the Golgi to ER, which process was also important for EGFRvIII's nuclear accumulation. EGFRvIII's nuclear translocation can significantly promote STAT3 phosphorylation and PKM2 nuclear localization. Finally, we showed that EGFRvIII's nuclear translocation obviously induced the growth of gliomas in an intracranial xenotransplantation experiment. These data suggested that searching methods that inhibit EGFRvIII entry into the nucleus will be effective glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Deng
- Beijing Cellonis Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhongguancun Bio-Medicine Park, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiruo Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Beijing Cellonis Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhongguancun Bio-Medicine Park, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Guo
- Beijing DongFang YaMei Gene Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Research Center of Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua He
- Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Yang K, Ren X, Tao L, Wang P, Jiang H, Shen L, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Li M, Lin S. Prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III expression and nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:188-202. [PMID: 30996577 PMCID: PMC6433583 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prognostic implications and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) expression and EGFRvIII nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas. Methods We retrospectively examined EGFRvIII expression and EGFRvIII nuclear translocation using immunohistochemistry in specimens of 240 Chinese patients with glioma, including 84 World Health Organization (WHO) II gliomas, 84 WHO III gliomas and 72 glioblastomas (WHO IV). Factors that correlated with EGFRvIII and EGFRvIII nuclear translocation expression were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier methodology and Cox regression were used for the survival analysis. Results Log-rank tests showed that patient age, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, tumor grade, EGFRvIII expression, EGFRvIII nuclear translocation, 1p/19q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, Ki-67 labeling index and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status (P<0.05) were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patient age, tumor grade, EGFRvIII nuclear translocation, 1p/19q codeletion, and IDH mutation (P<0.05) were significantly correlated with OS. Patients with a high level of EGFRvIII nuclear translocation (≥7%) had both significantly shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR): 1.920, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.228−3.003, P=0.004] and progression-free survival (PFS) times (HR: 1.661, 95% CI: 1.116−2.471, P=0.012) than those with a low level of EGFRvIII nuclear translocation (<7%). Conclusions A high level of EGFRvIII nuclear translocation in glioma is an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis, but EGFRvIII expression is not an independent clinical prognostic factor. The level of EGFRvIII nuclear translocation maybe a novel and crucial prognostic biomarker in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Yang
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haihui Jiang
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Song Lin
- Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institution, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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22
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Dong Q, Du Y, Li H, Liu C, Wei Y, Chen MK, Zhao X, Chu YY, Qiu Y, Qin L, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. EGFR and c-MET Cooperate to Enhance Resistance to PARP Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 79:819-829. [PMID: 30573522 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently used in the clinic for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers, yet their therapeutic efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been disappointing. To ensure therapeutic efficacy of PARPi against HCC, a disease often diagnosed at intermediate to advanced stages with no effective treatment options, it is critical to identify not only biomarkers to predict PARPi resistance but also rational treatments to overcome this. Here, we report that a heterodimer of EGFR and MET interacts with and phosphorylates Y907 of PARP1 in the nucleus, which contributes to PARPi resistance. Inhibition of both EGFR and MET sensitized HCC cells to PARPi, and both EGFR and MET are known to be overexpressed in HCC. This report provides an explanation for the poor efficacy of PARPi against HCC and suggests combinatorial treatment consisting of EGFR, MET, and PARP inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: Regulation of PARP by the c-MET and EGFR heterodimer suggests a potentially effective combination therapy to sensitize HCC to PARPi.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Liver Surgery Department, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yufan Qiu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Li D, Luo Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang T, Zhuang Y, Fan Y, Xu J, Chen Y, Wu L. NF-κB and Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Form a Positive Feedback Loop that Regulates DNA Repair in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:761-772. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Gazzeri S. [Nuclear EGFR: a new mode of oncogenic signalling in cancer]. Biol Aujourdhui 2018; 212:27-33. [PMID: 30362453 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2018016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is one of the most studied molecules in biology. From its early identification and cloning to the discovery of its role in cancer, it has been at the forefront of our understanding of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) and cell signals that induce homeostasis, but when overexpressed, facilitate tumorigenesis. While the biological functions of EGFR traditionally involve the activation of a signaling network from the plasma membrane that includes activation of the RAS/MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and STATS pathways, a new mode of EGFR signaling has been progressively decoded in which membrane-associated EGFR is transported after endocytosis from cell surface to the nucleus through endocytosis, retrograde trafficking to the Golgi, the endoplasmic reticulum and the inner nuclear membrane through a series of proteic interactions. In the nucleus, EGFR acts as a transcriptional regulator, a kinase and a physical interactor, transmits signals and is involved in multiple biological functions, including cell proliferation, tumor progression, DNA repair and replication, and resistance to cancer therapies. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of the EGFR nuclear signaling network, including how it is delivered to the nucleus, the functions it serves in the nucleus and how these functions affect cancer progression, survival and the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gazzeri
- « Epigénétique, maladies chroniques et cancer », INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche Cedex 09, France
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25
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Weimershaus M, Mauvais FX, Saveanu L, Adiko C, Babdor J, Abramova A, Montealegre S, Lawand M, Evnouchidou I, Huber KJ, Chadt A, Zwick M, Vargas P, Dussiot M, Lennon-Dumenil AM, Brocker T, Al-Hasani H, van Endert P. Innate Immune Signals Induce Anterograde Endosome Transport Promoting MHC Class I Cross-Presentation. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3568-3581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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26
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Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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27
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Critchley WR, Pellet-Many C, Ringham-Terry B, Harrison MA, Zachary IC, Ponnambalam S. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ubiquitination and De-Ubiquitination in Signal Transduction and Receptor Trafficking. Cells 2018; 7:E22. [PMID: 29543760 PMCID: PMC5870354 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane-based sensors that enable rapid communication between cells and their environment. Evidence is now emerging that interdependent regulatory mechanisms, such as membrane trafficking, ubiquitination, proteolysis and gene expression, have substantial effects on RTK signal transduction and cellular responses. Different RTKs exhibit both basal and ligand-stimulated ubiquitination, linked to trafficking through different intracellular compartments including the secretory pathway, plasma membrane, endosomes and lysosomes. The ubiquitin ligase superfamily comprising the E1, E2 and E3 enzymes are increasingly implicated in this post-translational modification by adding mono- and polyubiquitin tags to RTKs. Conversely, removal of these ubiquitin tags by proteases called de-ubiquitinases (DUBs) enables RTK recycling for another round of ligand sensing and signal transduction. The endocytosis of basal and activated RTKs from the plasma membrane is closely linked to controlled proteolysis after trafficking and delivery to late endosomes and lysosomes. Proteolytic RTK fragments can also have the capacity to move to compartments such as the nucleus and regulate gene expression. Such mechanistic diversity now provides new opportunities for modulating RTK-regulated cellular responses in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Caroline Pellet-Many
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Benjamin Ringham-Terry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | | | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology & Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6PT, UK.
| | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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28
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Maisel S, Broka D, Schroeder J. Intravesicular epidermal growth factor receptor subject to retrograde trafficking drives epidermal growth factor-dependent migration. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6463-6477. [PMID: 29464085 PMCID: PMC5814225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated and overexpressed in metastatic cancer. Although EGFR is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase localized to the basolateral membrane in normal epithelium, it is frequently found intracellularly localized in transformed cells. We have previously demonstrated the epithelial adaptor protein mucin 1 (MUC1) alters trafficking of EGFR, inhibiting its degradation and promoting its translocation to the nucleus, where it can directly modulate gene transcription. Here, we demonstrate that MUC1 promotes the retention of EGF-bound EGFR in Early Endosome Antigen1 (EEA1)-positive vesicles while preventing its trafficking to the lysosome. These events result in the accumulation of endosomal vesicles harboring active receptor throughout the cell and a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. EGF-dependent cell migration and filopodia formation is reliant upon this altered trafficking, and can be prevented by blocking retrograde trafficking. Together, these results indicate that intracellular EGFR may play an essential role in cancer metastasis and a potential mechanism for the failure of therapeutic antibodies in EGFR-driven metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Maisel
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Derrick Broka
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joyce Schroeder
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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29
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Faraco CCF, Faria JAQA, Kunrath-Lima M, Miranda MCD, de Melo MIA, Ferreira ADF, Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA. Translocation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) to the nucleus has distinct kinetics between adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and a mesenchymal cancer cell lineage. J Struct Biol 2017; 202:61-69. [PMID: 29277356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been associated with worse prognosis and treatment resistance for several cancer types. After Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) binding, the ligand-receptor complex can translocate to the nucleus where it functions in oncological processes. By three-dimensional quantification analysis of super-resolution microscopy images, we verified the translocation kinetics of fluorescent conjugated EGF to the nucleus in two mesenchymal cell types: human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) and SK-HEP-1 tumor cells. The number of EGF clusters in the nucleus does not change after 10 min of stimulation with EGF in both cells. The total volume occupied by EGF clusters in the nucleus of hASC also does not change after 10 min of stimulation with EGF. However, the total volume of EGF clusters increases only after 20 min in SK-HEP-1 cells nuclei. In these cells the nuclear volume occupied by EGF is 3.2 times higher than in hASC after 20 min of stimulation, indicating that translocation kinetics of EGF differs between these two cell types. After stimulation, EGF clusters assemble in larger clusters in the cell nucleus in both cell types, which suggests specific sub-nuclear localizations of the receptor. Super-resolution microscopy images show that EGF clusters are widespread in the nucleoplasm, and can be localized in nuclear envelope invaginations, and in the nucleoli. The quantitative study of EGF-EGFR complex translocation to the nucleus may help to unravel its roles in health and pathological conditions, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristina Fraga Faraco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Marianna Kunrath-Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andrea da Fonseca Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Al-Akhrass H, Naves T, Vincent F, Magnaudeix A, Durand K, Bertin F, Melloni B, Jauberteau MO, Lalloué F. Sortilin limits EGFR signaling by promoting its internalization in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1182. [PMID: 29084952 PMCID: PMC5662760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transduce information from the microenvironment into the cell and activate homeostatic signaling pathways. Internalization and degradation of EGFR after ligand binding limits the intensity of proliferative signaling, thereby helping to maintain cell integrity. In cancer cells, deregulation of EGFR trafficking has a variety of effects on tumor progression. Here we report that sortilin is a key regulator of EGFR internalization. Loss of sortilin in tumor cells promoted cell proliferation by sustaining EGFR signaling at the cell surface, ultimately accelerating tumor growth. In lung cancer patients, sortilin expression decreased with increased pathologic grade, and expression of sortilin was strongly correlated with survival, especially in patients with high EGFR expression. Sortilin is therefore a regulator of EGFR intracellular trafficking that promotes receptor internalization and limits signaling, which in turn impacts tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Amandine Magnaudeix
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Karine Durand
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - François Bertin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardio-vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
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31
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Lan H, Liu H, Hong P, Li R, Zheng X. Porcine growth hormone induces the nuclear localization of porcine growth hormone receptor in vivo. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:499-504. [PMID: 29059726 PMCID: PMC5838321 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have challenged the traditional paradigm that growth hormone receptor (GHR) displays physiological functions only in the cell membrane. It has been demonstrated that GHR localizes to the cell nucleus and still exhibits important physiological roles. The phenomenon of nuclear localization of growth hormone (GH)-induced GHR has previously been described in vitro. However, until recently, whether GH could induce nuclear localization of GHR in vivo was unclear. Methods In the present study, we used pig as an animal model, and porcine growth hormone (pGH) or saline was injected into the inferior vena cava. We subsequently observed the localization of porcine growth hormone receptor (pGHR) using multiple techniques, including, immunoprecipitation and Western-blotting, indirect immunofluorescence assay and electronmicroscopy. Results The results showed that pGH could induce nuclear localization of pGHR. Taken together, the results of the present study provided the first demonstration that pGHR was translocated to cell nuclei under pGH stimulation in vivo. Conclusion Nuclear localization of pGHR induced by the in vivo pGH treatment suggests new functions and/or novel roles of nuclear pGHR, which deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- College of life sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Pan Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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32
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Burgermeister E, Höde P, Betge J, Gutting T, Merkel A, Wu W, Tänzer M, Mossner M, Nowak D, Magdeburg J, Rückert F, Sticht C, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Schulte N, Härtel N, Belle S, Post S, Gaiser T, Heppner BI, Behrens HM, Röcken C, Ebert MPA. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor candidate 3 confers adverse prognosis in early colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84714-84728. [PMID: 29156678 PMCID: PMC5689568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Even though many recurrent genomic alterations have been identified that may characterize distinct subgroups, their biological impact and clinical significance as prognostic indicators remain to be defined. The tumor suppressor candidate-3 (TUSC3/N33) locates to a genomic region frequently deleted or silenced in cancers. TUSC3 is a subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which catalyzes bulk N-glycosylation of membrane and secretory proteins. However, the consequences of TUSC3 loss are largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the functional and clinical relevance of TUSC3 expression in CRC patients' tissues (n=306 cases) and cell lines. TUSC3 mRNA expression was silenced by promoter methylation in 85 % of benign adenomas (n=46 cases) and 35 % of CRCs (n =74 cases). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was selected as one exemplary ER-derived target protein of TUSC3-mediated posttranslational modification. We found that TUSC3 inhibited EGFR-signaling and promoted apoptosis in human CRC cells, whereas TUSC3 siRNA knock-down increased EGFR-signaling. Accordingly, in stage I/II node negative CRC patients (n=156 cases) loss of TUSC3 protein expression was associated with poor overall survival. In sum, our data suggested that epigenetic silencing of TUSC3 may be useful as a molecular marker for progression of early CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Höde
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Betge
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Gutting
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Tänzer
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Nowak
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Magdeburg
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Schulte
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicolai Härtel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Belle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Post
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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33
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Tomas A, Jones S, Vaughan SO, Hochhauser D, Futter CE. Stress-specific p38 MAPK activation is sufficient to drive EGFR endocytosis but not its nuclear translocation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2481-2490. [PMID: 28646091 PMCID: PMC5558270 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) endocytosis is induced by stress in a manner dependent on the p38 MAPK family. Ligand and stresses such as X-rays, reportedly promote nuclear trafficking of endocytosed EGFR for regulation of gene transcription and DNA repair. We fail to detect EGFR endocytosis or nuclear transport following X-ray treatment of HeLa or head and neck cancer cells, despite extensive DNA damage induction. Apparent nuclear staining with EGFR extracellular domain antibody remained present despite reduced/absent EGFR expression, and so did not represent nuclear EGFR. UVB and UVC, but not X-ray or UVA, treatment induced p38 activation and EGFR endocytosis, although all of these stresses induced DNA damage, indicating that DNA damage alone is not sufficient to induce EGFR endocytosis. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels following UVB treatment, compared to that seen with X-rays, do not alone explain differences in p38 activation. UVB, like UVC, induced EGFR accumulation predominantly in perinuclear endosomes, rather than in the nucleus. Our morphological techniques identifying major changes in receptor distribution do not exclude the possibility that small but biologically relevant amounts of EGFR enter the nucleus. This study highlights the importance and limitations of morphological analyses of receptor distribution in understanding signaling outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sylwia Jones
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Simon O Vaughan
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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Li H, You L, Xie J, Pan H, Han W. The roles of subcellularly located EGFR in autophagy. Cell Signal 2017; 35:223-230. [PMID: 28428083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-studied receptor-tyrosine kinase that serves vital roles in regulation of organ development and cancer progression. EGFR not only exists on the plasma membrane, but also widely expressed in the nucleus, endosomes, and mitochondria. Most recently, several lines of evidences indicated that autophagy is regulated by EGFR in kinase-active and -independent manners. In this review, we summarized recent advances in our understanding of the functions of different subcellularly located EGFR on autophagy. Specifically, plasma membrane- and cytoplasm-located EGFR (pcEGFR) acts as a tyrosine kinase to regulate autophagy via the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR, RAS/MAPK1/3, and STAT3 signaling pathways. The kinase-independent function of pcEGFR inhibits autophagy by maintaining SLC5A1-regulated intracellular glucose level. Endosome-located EGFR phosphorylates and inhibits Beclin1 to suppress autophagy, while kinase-independent endosome-located EGFR releases Beclin1 from the Rubicon-Beclin1 complex to increase autophagy. Additionally, the nuclear EGFR activates PRKDC/PNPase/MYC signaling to inhibit autophagy. Although the role of mitochondria-located EGFR in autophagy is largely unexplored, the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species mediated by mitochondrial dynamics is most likely to influence autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangkun You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Brand TM, Iida M, Corrigan KL, Braverman CM, Coan JP, Flanigan BG, Stein AP, Salgia R, Rolff J, Kimple RJ, Wheeler DL. RETRACTED: The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL mediates nuclear translocation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/460/eaag1064. [PMID: 28049763 PMCID: PMC7094775 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aag1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target in patients with various cancers. Unfortunately, resistance to EGFR-targeted therapeutics is common. Previous studies identified two mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Nuclear translocation of EGFR bypasses the inhibitory effects of cetuximab, and the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL mediates cetuximab resistance by maintaining EGFR activation and downstream signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that AXL mediated the nuclear translocation of EGFR in the setting of cetuximab resistance. Cetuximab-resistant clones of non-small cell lung cancer in culture and patient-derived xenografts in mice had increased abundance of AXL and nuclear EGFR (nEGFR). Cellular fractionation analysis, super-resolution microscopy, and electron microscopy revealed that genetic loss of AXL reduced the accumulation of nEGFR. SRC family kinases (SFKs) and HER family ligands promote the nuclear translocation of EGFR. We found that AXL knockdown reduced the expression of the genes encoding the SFK family members YES and LYN and the ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1). AXL knockdown also decreased the interaction between EGFR and the related receptor HER3 and accumulation of HER3 in the nucleus. Overexpression of LYN and NRG1 in cells depleted of AXL resulted in accumulation of nEGFR, rescuing the deficit induced by lack of AXL. Collectively, these data uncover a previously unrecognized role for AXL in regulating the nuclear translocation of EGFR and suggest that AXL-mediated SFK and NRG1 expression promote this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M. Brand
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Kelsey L. Corrigan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Cara M. Braverman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - John P. Coan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Bailey G. Flanigan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Andrew P. Stein
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research. City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center. 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010
| | - Jana Rolff
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705 USA,Corresponding author.
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Che TF, Lin CW, Wu YY, Chen YJ, Han CL, Chang YL, Wu CT, Hsiao TH, Hong TM, Yang PC. Mitochondrial translocation of EGFR regulates mitochondria dynamics and promotes metastasis in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37349-66. [PMID: 26497368 PMCID: PMC4741934 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mitochondria is well-known for being associated with cancer progression. In the present study, we analyzed the mitochondria proteomics of lung cancer cell lines with different invasion abilities and found that EGFR is highly expressed in the mitochondria of highly invasive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. EGF induces the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR; further, it leads to mitochondrial fission and redistribution in the lamellipodia, upregulates cellular ATP production, and enhances motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EGFR can regulate mitochondrial dynamics by interacting with Mfn1 and disturbing Mfn1 polymerization. Overexpression of Mfn1 reverses the phenotypes resulting from EGFR mitochondrial translocation. We show that the mitochondrial EGFR expressions are higher in paired samples of the metastatic lymph node as compared with primary lung tumor and are inversely correlated with the overall survival in NSCLC patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that besides the canonical role of EGFR as a receptor tyrosine, the mitochondrial translocation of EGFR may enhance cancer invasion and metastasis through regulating mitochondria dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Fang Che
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University 110, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-leong Chang
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tu Wu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,NTU Center for Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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37
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Du Y, Yamaguchi H, Wei Y, Hsu JL, Wang HL, Hsu YH, Lin WC, Yu WH, Leonard PG, Lee GR, Chen MK, Nakai K, Hsu MC, Chen CT, Sun Y, Wu Y, Chang WC, Huang WC, Liu CL, Chang YC, Chen CH, Park M, Jones P, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC. Blocking c-Met-mediated PARP1 phosphorylation enhances anti-tumor effects of PARP inhibitors. Nat Med 2016; 22:194-201. [PMID: 26779812 PMCID: PMC4754671 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics for many diseases, including cancer, in clinical trials1. One PARP inhibitor, olaparib (Lynparza™, AstraZeneca), was recently approved by the FDA to treat ovarian cancer with BRCA mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 play essential roles in repairing DNA double strand breaks, and a deficiency of BRCA proteins sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibition2,3. Here we show that receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met associates with and phosphorylates PARP1 at Tyr907. Phosphorylation of PARP1 Tyr907 increases PARP1 enzymatic activity and reduces binding to a PARP inhibitor, thereby rendering cancer cells resistant to PARP inhibition. Combining c-Met and PARP1 inhibitors synergized to suppress growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and xenograft tumor models. Similar synergistic effects were observed in a lung cancer xenograft tumor model. These results suggest that PARP1 pTyr907 abundance may predict tumor resistance to PARP inhibitors, and that treatment with a combination of c-Met and PARP inhibitors may benefit patients bearing tumors with high c-Met expression who do not respond to PARP inhibition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul G Leonard
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gilbert R Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chun-Te Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee HH, Wang YN, Hung MC. Non-canonical signaling mode of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2944-58. [PMID: 26693051 PMCID: PMC4656722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its family members are key players in both physiological and pathological settings for which they are well recognized as models for investigating the functions and regulations of other membrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and serve as therapeutic targets critical to clinical need and fundamental research. The canonical view of the pivotal functions in the EGFR family has been well documented as being an initiator of signaling amplification cascades from the plasma membrane to different subcellular compartments via receptor endocytic trafficking, intermolecular interaction, and kinase-substrate reaction in a temporalspatial manner. However, several lines of evidence have identified non-canonical roles of the EGFR family, acting as a transcriptional factor and a chromatin regulator in the nucleus to regulate gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Moreover, the EGFR family can even exert its impact outside the host cell through exosomal vesicle secretion. The emerging concept of the non-canonical roles of the EGFR family reveals an astonishing and elaborate scheme on the molecular functions of membrane RTKs, offering new insights into the receptor biology as well as the development of comprehensive therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston 77030, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston 77030, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHouston 77030, TX, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
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Syntaxin 4 regulates the surface localization of a promyogenic receptor Cdo thereby promoting myogenic differentiation. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:28. [PMID: 26347807 PMCID: PMC4561423 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Syntaxins are a family of membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Syntaxin 4 (Stx4) is expressed highly in skeletal muscle and plays a critical role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by promoting translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. A cell surface receptor cell adhesion molecule-related, down-regulated by oncogenes (Cdo) is a component of cell adhesion complexes and promotes myoblast differentiation via activation of key signalings, including p38MAPK and AKT. In this study, we investigate the function of Stx4 in myoblast differentiation and the crosstalk between Stx4 and Cdo in myoblast differentiation. Methods The effects of overexpression or shRNA-based depletion of Stx4 and Cdo genes on C2C12 myoblast differentiation are assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence approaches. The interaction between Cdo and Stx4 and the responsible domain mapping are assessed by coimmunoprecipitation or pulldown assays. The effect of Stx4 depletion on cell surface localization of Cdo and GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts is assessed by surface biotinylation and Western blotting. Results Overexpression or knockdown of Stx4 enhances or inhibits myogenic differentiation, respectively. Stx4 binds to the cytoplasmic tail of Cdo, and this interaction seems to be critical for induction of p38MAPK activation and myotube formation. Stx4 depletion decreases specifically the cell surface localization of Cdo without changes in surface N-Cadherin levels. Interestingly, Cdo depletion reduces the level of GLUT4 and Stx4 at cell surface. Consistently, overexpression of Cdo in C2C12 myoblasts generally increases glucose uptake, while Cdo depletion reduces it. Conclusions Stx4 promotes myoblast differentiation through interaction with Cdo and stimulation of its surface translocation. Both Cdo and Stx4 are required for GLUT4 translocation to cell surface and glucose uptake in myoblast differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0052-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Niikura K, Horisawa K, Doi N. Endosomal escape efficiency of fusogenic B18 and B55 peptides fused with anti-EGFR single chain Fv as estimated by nuclear translocation. J Biochem 2015; 159:123-32. [PMID: 26338729 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although monoclonal antibodies have been used not only as analytical tools but also as biologic therapeutics, they cannot target intracellular proteins due to their large molecular size and low membrane permeability, which limit their applications. During previous attempts to delivery antibodies intracellularly, the low efficiency of escape from endosomes to the cytosol reduced the bioavailability of antibodies or antibody-conjugated effectors. Recently, we found that the fusogenic peptides (FPs) B18 and B55 from bindin, a sea urchin gamete recognition protein, facilitated the endosomal escape of FP-fused enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and/or of co-administered cargos such as dextrans [Niikura et al. A fusogenic peptide from a sea urchin fertilization protein promotes intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules by facilitating endosomal escape. J. CONTROL Release 2015;212:85-93]. In this study, we constructed FP-fused anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) single-chain Fv (αEGFR[scFv]) proteins and evaluated their endosomal escape efficiency by utilizing a nuclear localization signal). When the FP-fused αEGFR[scFv] proteins were incubated with A431 cells, the estimated endosomal escape efficiency of αEGFR[scFv]-B18 was significantly higher than that of αEGFR[scFv] alone, suggesting that the B18 peptide facilitates endosomal escape of the conjugated scFv in cis. Moreover, αEGFR[scFv]-B55 promoted the intracellular uptake of co-administered eGFP and dextrans in trans. These results imply that B18- and B55-fused antibodies may be useful for the cell-specific intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Niikura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Doi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Kuo HY, Huang YS, Tseng CH, Chen YC, Chang YW, Shih HM, Wu CW. PML represses lung cancer metastasis by suppressing the nuclear EGFR-mediated transcriptional activation of MMP2. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3132-42. [PMID: 25486572 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is emerging as an important tumor suppressor. Its expression is lost during the progression of several types of cancer, including lung cancer. The EGF receptor (EGFR), a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase, transduces intracellular signals responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. EGFR activity is frequently abnormally upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and thus is considered to be a driving oncogene for LAC. EGFR translocates into the nucleus and transcriptionally activates genes, such as CCND1, that promote cell growth. Recently, we demonstrated that PML interacted with nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) and suppressed the nEGFR-mediated transcriptional activation of CCND1 in lung cancer cells, thereby restraining cell growth. When we further investigated the interplay between PML and EGFR in lung cancer metastasis, we found that the matrix metalloprotease-2 gene (MMP2) was a novel nEGFR target gene and was repressed by PML. We provide evidence that nEGFR bound to the AT-rich sequence (ATRS) in the MMP2 promoter and enhanced its transcriptional activity. In addition, we demonstrated that PML repressed nEGFR-induced MMP2 transcription and reduced cell invasion. PML was recruited by nEGFR to the MMP2 promoter where it reduced histone acetylation, leading to the transcriptional repression of MMP2. Finally, we demonstrated that PML upregulation by interferon-β (IFNβ) in lung cancer cells decreased MMP2 expression and cell invasion. Together, our results suggested that IFNβ induced PML to inhibit lung cancer metastasis by repressing the nEGFR-mediated transcriptional activation of MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Kuo
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; National Yang Ming University ; Taipei , Taiwan
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Efficacy of aerosol therapy of lung cancer correlates with EGFR paralysis induced by AvidinOX-anchored biotinylated Cetuximab. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9239-55. [PMID: 25238453 PMCID: PMC4253431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, as well as lung metastases from distal primary tumors, could benefit from aerosol treatment. Unfortunately, because of lung physiology, clearance of nebulized drugs is fast, paralleled by unwanted systemic exposure. Here we report that nebulized AvidinOX can act as an artificial receptor for biotinylated drugs. In nude and SCID mice with advanced human KRAS-mutated A549 metastatic lung cancer, pre-nebulization with AvidinOX enables biotinylated Cetuximab to control tumor growth at a dose lower than 1/25,000 the intravenous effective dose. This result correlates with a striking, specific and unpredictable effect of AvidinOX-anchored biotinylated Cetuximab, as well as Panitumumab, observed on a panel of tumor cell lines, leading to inhibition of dimerization and signalling, blockade of endocytosis, induction of massive lysosomal degradation and abrogation of nuclear translocation of EGFR. Excellent tolerability, together with availability of pharmaceutical-grade AvidinOX and antibodies, will allow rapid clinical translation of the proposed therapy.
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Batth IS, Yun H, Kumar AP. Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON), more than a kinase: Role in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:937-46. [PMID: 26152593 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. It is natural for a hormone-driven malignancy such as prostate cancer that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) would be the preferred treatment for clinical disease management. However, after initial treatment response a vast majority of patients develop metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is fatal. While great headway has been made to understand the possible mechanisms that drive castrate-resistant disease, a bonafide cure remains elusive. Reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling partly contributes to the emergence of CRPC. Here we briefly examine some of the known mechanisms of AR reactivation including intratumoral synthesis of androgens, modulation of AR coregulators, and AR variants with constitutive activity as well as activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. We primarily focus on the emerging dual function of the receptor tyrosine kinase (recepteur d'origine nantais; RON) as a traditional tyrosine kinase and transcription factor. We further discuss activation of RON as an alternate mechanism in the development of CRPC and available therapeutic approaches for clinical management of CRPC by combined inhibition of RON and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Singh Batth
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huiyoung Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Addankl P Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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Chen MK, Hung MC. Proteolytic cleavage, trafficking, and functions of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:3693-721. [PMID: 26096795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization has been reported for over three-quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non-canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ-secretase cleavage of the full-length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane-bound RTKs (full-length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well-established Rab- or clathrin adaptor protein-coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane-bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane-bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non-canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Deng ZH, Gomez TS, Osborne DG, Phillips-Krawczak CA, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD. Nuclear FAM21 participates in NF-κB-dependent gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:373-84. [PMID: 25431135 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentameric WASH complex is best known for its role in regulating receptor trafficking from retromer-rich endosomal subdomains. FAM21 functions to stabilize the WASH complex through its N-terminal head domain and localizes it to endosomes by directly binding the retromer through its extended C-terminal tail. Herein, we used affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry to identify additional FAM21-interacting proteins. Surprisingly, multiple components of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway were identified, including the p50 and p65 (RelA) NF-κB subunits. We show that FAM21 interacts with these components and regulates NF-κB-dependent gene transcription at the level of p65 chromatin binding. We further demonstrate that FAM21 contains a functional monopartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) as well as a CRM1/exportin1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES), both of which work jointly with the N-terminal head domain and C-terminal retromer recruitment domain to regulate FAM21 cytosolic and nuclear subcellular localization. Finally, our findings indicate that FAM21 depletion sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Thus, FAM21 not only functions as an integral component of the cytoplasmic WASH complex, but also modulates NF-κB gene transcription in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Deng
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Timothy S Gomez
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Douglas G Osborne
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christine A Phillips-Krawczak
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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García del Caño G, Aretxabala X, González-Burguera I, Montaña M, López de Jesús M, Barrondo S, Barrio RJ, Sampedro C, Goicolea MA, Sallés J. Nuclear diacylglycerol lipase-α in rat brain cortical neurons: evidence of 2-arachidonoylglycerol production in concert with phospholipase C-β activity. J Neurochem 2014; 132:489-503. [PMID: 25308538 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the localization of diacylglycerol lipase-α (DAGLα) in nuclei from adult cortical neurons, as assessed by double-immunofluorescence staining of rat brain cortical sections and purified intact nuclei and by western blot analysis of subnuclear fractions. Double-labeling assays using the anti-DAGLα antibody and NeuN combined with Hoechst staining showed that only nuclei of neuronal origin were DAGLα positive. At high resolution, DAGLα-signal displayed a punctate pattern in nuclear subdomains poor in Hoechst's chromatin and lamin B1 staining. In contrast, SC-35- and NeuN-signals (markers of the nuclear speckles) showed a high overlap with DAGLα within specific subdomains of the nuclear matrix. Among the members of the phospholipase C-β (PLCβ) family, PLCβ1, PLCβ2, and PLCβ4 exhibited the same distribution with respect to chromatin, lamin B1, SC-35, and NeuN as that described for DAGLα. Furthermore, by quantifying the basal levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and by characterizing the pharmacology of its accumulation, we describe the presence of a mechanism for 2-AG production, and its PLCβ/DAGLα-dependent biosynthesis in isolated nuclei. These results extend our knowledge about subcellular distribution of neuronal DAGLα, providing biochemical grounds to hypothesize a role for 2-AG locally produced within the neuronal nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gontzal García del Caño
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Xabier Aretxabala
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Imanol González-Burguera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Mario Montaña
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Maider López de Jesús
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Sergio Barrondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Ramón J Barrio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Carmen Sampedro
- Servicio General de Análisis, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - M Arantzazu Goicolea
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
| | - Joan Sallés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz (Araba), Spain
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Tomas A, Futter CE, Eden ER. EGF receptor trafficking: consequences for signaling and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:26-34. [PMID: 24295852 PMCID: PMC3884125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
EGF receptor endocytic traffic can regulate signaling and cell survival. Signaling from activated EGFR occurs at the endosome as well as the cell surface. Endocytosis can have positive and negative effects on signaling and tumorigenesis. EGFR traffic promoted by antineoplastic therapy is important in tumor resistance.
The ligand-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in the analysis of molecular mechanisms regulating endocytic traffic and the role of that traffic in signal transduction. Although such studies have largely focused on mitogenic signaling and dysregulated traffic in tumorigenesis, there is growing interest in the potential role of EGFR traffic in cell survival and the consequent response to cancer therapy. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating ligand-stimulated EGFR activation, internalization, and post-endocytic sorting. The role of EGFR overexpression/mutation and new modulators of EGFR traffic in cancer and the response to cancer therapeutics are also discussed. Finally, we speculate on the relationship between EGFR traffic and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Tomas
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Emily R Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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