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Kim SB, Yang CE, Jeong Y, Yu M, Choi WS, Lim JY, Jeon Y. Dual Targeting of EZH2 Degradation and EGFR/HER2 Inhibition for Enhanced Efficacy against Burkitt's Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4472. [PMID: 37760442 PMCID: PMC10526300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2, a histone methyltransferase, contributes significantly to cancer cell survival and proliferation. Although various EZH2 inhibitors have demonstrated promise in treating lymphoma, they have not fully managed to curb lymphoma cell proliferation despite effective reduction of the H3K27me3 mark. We used MS1943, an EZH2 selective degrader, which successfully diminishes EZH2 levels in lymphoma cells. Additionally, lapatinib, a dual inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases, targets a receptor protein that regulates cell growth and division. The overexpression of this protein is often observed in lymphoma cells. Our study aims to combine these two therapeutic targets to stimulate apoptosis pathways and potentially suppress Burkitt's lymphoma cell survival and proliferation in a complementary and synergistic manner. We observed that a combination of MS1943 and lapatinib induced apoptosis in Daudi cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases in both Ramos and Daudi cells. This strategy, using a combination of MS1943 and lapatinib, presents a promising therapeutic approach for treating lymphoma and potentially Burkitt's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Been Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Department of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (C.-E.Y.); (Y.J.); (M.Y.); (W.-S.C.)
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Jeon
- Lymphoma and Cell-Therapy Research Center, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- JL’s Lymphoma Origins & Clinical Applications Lab (JL-LOCAL), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology, Yeouido St. Mary Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
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Lipsyc-Sharf M, Jain E, Collins LC, Rosenberg SM, Ruddy KJ, Tamimi RM, Schapira L, Come SE, Peppercorn JM, Borges VF, Warner E, Snow C, Krop IE, Kim D, Weiss J, Zanudo JGT, Partridge AH, Wagle N, Waks AG. Genomics of ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer in Young Women Before and After Exposure to Chemotherapy Plus Trastuzumab. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300076. [PMID: 37364233 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2)-positive breast cancer (BC) is particularly common in young women. Genomic features of ERBB2-positive tumors before and after chemotherapy and trastuzumab (chemo + H) have not been described in young women and are important for guiding study of therapeutic resistance in this population. METHODS From a large prospective cohort of women age 40 years or younger with BC, we identified patients with ERBB2-positive BC and tumor tissue available before and after chemo + H. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on each tumor and on germline DNA from blood. Tumor-normal pairs were analyzed for mutations and copy number (CN) changes. RESULTS Twenty-two women had successful WES on samples from at least one time point; 12 of these had paired sequencing results from before and after chemo + H and 10 had successful sequencing from either time point. TP53 was the only significantly recurrently mutated gene in both pre- and post-treatment samples. MYC gene amplification was observed in four post-treatment tumors. Seven of 12 patients with paired samples showed acquired and/or clonally enriched alterations in cancer-related genes. One patient had an increased clonality putative activating mutation in ERBB2. Another patient acquired a clonal hotspot mutation in TP53. Other genomic changes acquired in post-treatment specimens included alterations in NOTCH2, STIL, PIK3CA, and GATA3. There was no significant change in median ERBB2 CN (20.3 v 22.6; Wilcoxon P = .79) between paired samples. CONCLUSION ERBB2-positive BCs in young women displayed substantial genomic evolution after treatment with chemo + H. Approximately half of patients with paired samples demonstrated acquired and/or clonally enriched genomic changes in cancer genes. ERBB2 CN changes were uncommon. We identified several genes warranting exploration as potential mechanisms of resistance to therapy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Lipsyc-Sharf
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Esha Jain
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Repare Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Steven E Come
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Medical Oncology Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Ellen Warner
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Snow
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ian E Krop
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Dewey Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jorge Gomez Tejeda Zanudo
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ann H Partridge
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adrienne G Waks
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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SNAI2 Attenuated the Stem-like Phenotype by Reducing the Expansion of EPCAM high Cells in Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021062. [PMID: 36674577 PMCID: PMC9864029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAI2 (Snai2) is a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that belongs to the Snail family. The accumulated evidence suggests that SNAI2 exhibits biphasic effects on regulating a stem-like phenotype in various types of cells, both normal and malignant. In this study, by exogenously expressing SNAI2 in SiHa cells, SNAI2 exhibited the capacity to inhibit a stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells. The SNAI2-overexpressing cells inhibited cell growth, tumorsphere formation, tumor growth, enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin, reduced stem cell-related factors' expression, and lowered tumor initiating frequency. In addition, the EPCAMhigh cells sorted from SiHa cells exhibited an enhanced capacity to maintain a stem-like phenotype. Further study demonstrated that the trans-suppression of EPCAM expression by SNAI2 led to blockage of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, as well as reduction in SOX2 and c-Myc expression in SiHa and HeLa cells, but induction in SNAI2 knockdown cells (CaSki), which would be responsible for the attenuation of the stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells mediated by SNAI2. All of these results demonstrated that SNAI2 could attenuate the stem-like phenotype in cervical cancer cells through the EPCAM/β-catenin axis.
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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Pang Y, Bai G, Zhao J, Wei X, Li R, Li J, Hu S, Peng L, Liu P, Mao H. The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 suppresses tumor growth by reducing c-Myc expression in endometrial cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 20:336. [PMID: 35902869 PMCID: PMC9331486 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. Efficacy of the bromodomain 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 has been reported for the treatment of various human cancers, but its potential impact on EC remains unclear. We therefore aimed to elucidate the function of BRD4 and the effects of JQ1 in EC in vivo and in vitro. Methods The mRNA expression of BRD4 was evaluated using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). BRD4 protein expression in EC tissues was measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. The effects of JQ1 on EC were determined by using MTT and colony formation assays, flow cytometry and xenograft mouse models. The underlying mechanism was also examined by western blot and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Results BRD4 was overexpressed in EC tissues, and the level of BRD4 expression was strongly related to poor prognosis. The BRD4-specific inhibitor JQ1 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation and triggered cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and changes in the expression of proteins in related signaling pathways. Moreover, JQ1 decreased the protein expression of BRD4 and c-Myc, and knockdown of BRD4 or c-Myc reduced the viability of EC cells. Intraperitoneal administration of JQ1 (50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the tumorigenicity of EC cells in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that BRD4 is a potential marker of EC and that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03545-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gaigai Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shunxue Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongluan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gynecology Oncology of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Urogynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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GRHL2 motif is associated with intratumor heterogeneity of cis-regulatory elements in luminal breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:70. [PMID: 35676392 PMCID: PMC9177858 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn breast cancer patients, tumor heterogeneity is associated with prognosis and therapeutic response; however, the epigenetic diversity that exists in primary tumors remains unknown. Using a single-cell sequencing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq), we obtained the chromatin accessibility profiles of 12,452 cells from 16 breast cancer patients including 11 luminal, 1 luminal-HER2, 1 HER2+, and 3 triple-negative subtypes. Via this profiling process, tumors were classified into cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, highlighting the heterogeneity of disease-related pathways including estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Furthermore, the coexistence of cancer cell clusters with different ER binding motif enrichments was identified in a single ER+ tumor. In a cluster with reduced ER motif enrichment, we identified GRHL2, a transcription factor, as the most enriched motif, and it cooperated with FOXA1 to initiate endocrine resistance. Coaccessibility analysis revealed that GRHL2 binding elements potentially regulate genes associated with endocrine resistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients that received hormonal therapy. Overall, our study suggests that epigenetic heterogeneity could lead to endocrine resistance and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and it offers a large-scale resource for further cancer research.
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Fan C, Li C, Lu S, Lai X, Wang S, Liu X, Song Y, Deng Y. Polysialic Acid Self-assembled Nanocomplexes for Neutrophil-Based Immunotherapy to Suppress Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:109. [PMID: 35411426 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in tumor metastasis has recently attracted widespread interest. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in human peripheral blood, and large numbers can spontaneously migrate to metastatic sites, where they form an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Polysialic acid (PSA) can target peripheral blood neutrophils (PBNs) mediated by L-selectin, and abemaciclib (ABE) and mitoxantrone (MIT) can treat immunosuppressive microenvironments. Here, we aimed to inhibit lung metastasis of breast cancer and improve chemoimmunotherapy by designing a PSA-modified ABE and MIT co-delivery system (AM-polyion complex (PIC)) to target PBNs in mice with metastatic tumors. We found that through electrostatic interactions between the strong negative charge of PSA and the positive charge of the drug can form stable nanocomplexes and that spontaneous migration of neutrophils can mediate the aggregation of these complexes in the lungs, induce antimetastatic immune responses, enhance the effectiveness of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and inhibit regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacodynamic results suggested that neutrophil-mediated AM-PIC chemoimmunotherapy inhibited tumor metastasis in mice with lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer. Overall, PSA-modified nanocomplexes offer promising neutrophil-mediated, targeted drug delivery systems to treat lung metastasis of breast cancer.
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Ligorio F, Zambelli L, Fucà G, Lobefaro R, Santamaria M, Zattarin E, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Prognostic impact of body mass index (BMI) in HER2+ breast cancer treated with anti-HER2 therapies: from preclinical rationale to clinical implications. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221079123. [PMID: 35281350 PMCID: PMC8908398 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221079123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression or HER2 gene amplification defines a subset of breast cancers (BCs) characterized by higher biological and clinical aggressiveness. The introduction of anti-HER2 drugs has remarkably improved clinical outcomes in patients with both early-stage and advanced HER2+ BC. However, some HER2+ BC patients still have unfavorable outcomes despite optimal anti-HER2 therapies. Retrospective clinical analyses indicate that overweight and obesity can negatively affect the prognosis of patients with early-stage HER2+ BC. This association could be mediated by the interplay between overweight/obesity, alterations in systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, increased systemic inflammatory status, and the stimulation of proliferation pathways resulting in the stimulation of HER2+ BC cell growth and resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. By contrast, in the context of advanced disease, a few high-quality studies, which were included in a meta-analysis, showed an association between high body mass index (BMI) and better clinical outcomes, possibly reflecting the negative prognostic role of malnourishment and cachexia in this setting. Of note, overweight and obesity are modifiable factors. Therefore, uncovering their prognostic role in patients with early-stage or advanced HER2+ BC could have clinical relevance in terms of defining subsets of patients requiring more or less aggressive pharmacological treatments, as well as of designing clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic impact of lifestyle interventions aimed at modifying body weight and composition. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available preclinical evidence supporting the role of adiposity in modulating HER2+ BC aggressiveness and resistance to therapies, as well as clinical studies reporting on the prognostic role of BMI in patients with early-stage or advanced HER2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Zambelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Santamaria
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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Tsoi H, You CP, Leung MH, Man EPS, Khoo US. Targeting Ribosome Biogenesis to Combat Tamoxifen Resistance in ER+ve Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1251. [PMID: 35267559 PMCID: PMC8909264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Around 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+ve), with tamoxifen being most commonly used as an adjuvant treatment to prevent recurrence and metastasis. However, half of the patients will eventually develop tamoxifen resistance. The overexpression of c-MYC can drive the development of ER+ve breast cancer and confer tamoxifen resistance through multiple pathways. One key mechanism is to enhance ribosome biogenesis, synthesising mature ribosomes. The over-production of ribosomes sustains the demand for proteins necessary to maintain a high cell proliferation rate and combat apoptosis induced by therapeutic agents. c-MYC overexpression can induce the expression of eIF4E that favours the translation of structured mRNA to produce oncogenic factors that promote cell proliferation and confer tamoxifen resistance. Either non-phosphorylated or phosphorylated eIF4E can mediate such an effect. Since ribosomes play an essential role in c-MYC-mediated cancer development, suppressing ribosome biogenesis may help reduce aggressiveness and reverse tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. CX-5461, CX-3543 and haemanthamine have been shown to repress ribosome biogenesis. Using these chemicals might help reverse tamoxifen resistance in ER+ve breast cancer, provided that c-MYC-mediated ribosome biogenesis is the crucial factor for tamoxifen resistance. To employ these ribosome biogenesis inhibitors to combat tamoxifen resistance in the future, identification of predictive markers will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ui-Soon Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.T.); (C.-P.Y.); (M.-H.L.); (E.P.S.M.)
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10
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Budi HS, Ahmad FN, Achmad H, Ansari MJ, Mikhailova MV, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Shomali N, Marofi F. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for tumor immunotherapy; recent progress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35093187 PMCID: PMC8800342 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with poor prognosis in a myriad of human tumors, recent studies have focused on HER2-targeted therapies. Deregulation in HER2 signaling pathways is accompanied by sustained tumor cells growth concomitant with their migration and also tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by stimulation of proliferation of a network of blood vessels. A large number of studies have provided clear evidence that the emerging HER2-directed treatments could be the outcome of patients suffering from HER2 positive breast and also gastric/gastroesophageal cancers. Thanks to its great anti-tumor competence, immunotherapy using HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing immune cell has recently attracted increasing attention. Human T cells and also natural killer (NK) cells can largely be found in the tumor microenvironment, mainly contributing to the tumor immune surveillance. Such properties make them perfect candidate for genetically modification to express constructed CARs. Herein, we will describe the potential targets of the HER2 signaling in tumor cells to clarify HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and also discuss recent findings respecting the HER2-specific CAR-expressing immune cells (CAR T and CAR NK cell) for the treatment of HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132 Indonesia
| | | | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Yin L, Li Q, Mrdenovic S, Chu GCY, Wu BJ, Bu H, Duan P, Kim J, You S, Lewis MS, Liang G, Wang R, Zhau HE, Chung LWK. KRT13 promotes stemness and drives metastasis in breast cancer through a plakoglobin/c-Myc signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:7. [PMID: 35078507 PMCID: PMC8788068 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratins (KRTs) are intermediate filament proteins that interact with multiple regulatory proteins to initiate signaling cascades. Keratin 13 (KRT13) plays an important role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which KRT13 promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Methods The function and mechanisms of KRT13 in breast cancer progression and metastasis were assessed by overexpression and knockdown followed by examination of altered behaviors in breast cancer cells and in xenograft tumor formation in mouse mammary fat pad. Human breast cancer specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and multiplexed quantum dot labeling analysis to correlate KRT13 expression to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Results KRT13-overexpressing MCF7 cells displayed increased proliferation, invasion, migration and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis to bone and lung. Conversely, KRT13 knockdown inhibited the aggressive behaviors of HCC1954 cells. At the molecular level, KRT13 directly interacted with plakoglobin (PG, γ-catenin) to form complexes with desmoplakin (DSP). This complex interfered with PG expression and nuclear translocation and abrogated PG-mediated suppression of c-Myc expression, while the KRT13/PG/c-Myc signaling pathway increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like phenotype. KRT13 expression in 58 human breast cancer tissues was up-regulated especially at the invasive front and in metastatic specimens (12/18) (p < 0.05). KRT13 up-regulation in primary breast cancer was associated with decreased overall patient survival. Conclusions This study reveals that KRT13 promotes breast cancer cell growth and metastasis via a plakoglobin/c-Myc pathway. Our findings reveal a potential novel pathway for therapeutic targeting of breast cancer progression and metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01502-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Qinlong Li
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Stefan Mrdenovic
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoxiang Wang
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8750 Beverly Boulevard, Atrium 105, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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12
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Ni F, Zhang T, Xiao W, Dong H, Gao J, Liu Y, Li J. IL-18-Mediated SLC7A5 Overexpression Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the c-MYC Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:748831. [PMID: 34977008 PMCID: PMC8718798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of IL-18 in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Methods: To assess whether IL-18 affects the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the c-MYC/SLC7A5 axis, IL-18 dose-response and time-course experiments were performed to evaluate its impact on osteogenic differentiation. To confirm osteogenic differentiation, alizarin red staining calcium measurement were performed. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of bone-specific markers ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2, as well as those of SLC7A5 and c-MYC. Furthermore, SLC7A5 and c-MYC expression was evaluated via immunofluorescence. To elucidate the roles of SLC7A5 and c-MYC in osteoblast differentiation, cells were transfected with SLC7A5 or c-MYC siRNAs, or treated with the SLC7A5-specific inhibitor JPH203 and c-MYC-specific inhibitor 10058-F4, and the expression of SLC7A5, c-MYC, and bone-specific markers ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2 was assessed. Results: Our results demonstrated that IL-18 increased calcium deposition in hBMSCs, and upregulated the expression of SLC7A5, c-MYC, ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2. Silencing of SLC7A5 or c-MYC using siRNA reduced the expression of ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2, while IL-18 treatment partially reversed the inhibitory effect of siRNA. Similar results were obtained by treating hBMSCs with SLC7A5 and c-MYC specific inhibitors, leading to significant reduction of the osteogenesis effect of IL-18 on hBMSCs. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results indicate that IL-18 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs via the SLC7A5/c-MYC pathway and, therefore, may play an important role in fracture healing. These findings will provide new treatment strategies for delayed fracture healing after splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanan Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Liaoning Qifu Stem Cell Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Liaoning Qifu Stem Cell Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - YaFeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Li,
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13
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Wan X, Sun R, Bao Y, Zhang C, Wu Y, Gong Y. In Vivo Delivery of siRNAs Targeting EGFR and BRD4 Expression by Peptide-Modified Redox Responsive PEG-PEI Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3990-3998. [PMID: 34591491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the in vivo distribution, antitumor effect, and safety of cell membrane-penetrating peptide-modified disulfide bond copolymer nanoparticles loaded with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Polyethylene glycol disulfide bond-linked polyethylenimine (PEG-SS-PEI) was modified with peptides GALA and CREKA and used as vectors to prepare siRNA nanoparticles. The GALA- and CREKA-modified PEG-SS-PEI nanoparticles (GC-NPs) were prepared by mixing siEGFR and siBRD4 (1:1) with GALA-PEG-SS-PEI and CREKA-PEG-SS-PEI (1:1) in an aqueous solution at an N/P ratio of 30:1. Nanoparticles loaded with scrambled siRNA were prepared with the same method. The gene silencing effect on EGFR and BRD4 in vitro was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. TNBC xenograft models were established by subcutaneous injection of MDA-MB-231 cells into female nude mice. At 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after administration of five formulations of Cy5-siRNA (133 μg/10 g) via the tail vein, the mice were observed and imaged for a biodistribution study using an in vivo imaging system. In the pharmacodynamics experiment, tumor-bearing mice were treated with respective siRNA preparations at a dose of 133 μg/10 g for 18 days, and the body weight and tumor size were recorded every other day. The protein expression levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, BRD4, and c-Myc were determined using Western blotting analysis. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ indices, and HE staining results for the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were analyzed to evaluate the safety of the nanoparticles. GC-NPs loaded with siEGFR and siBRD4 significantly inhibited the expression of EGFR and BRD4 in vitro. The strongest fluorescence signals were observed in the GC-NP group, especially in tumors, indicating the excellent tumor-targeted delivery of GC-NPs we constructed. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the GC-NP-treated group, and the expression of EGFR, p-EGFR, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, BRD4, and c-Myc in the tumors decreased by 71%, 68%, 61%, 68%, 48%, 58%, 59%, and 74% compared to the control group, respectively. There was no significant change in hematological parameters, biochemical indices, or tissue morphology in GC-NP-treated mice. SiRNA cotargeting EGFR and BRD4 delivered by GALA- and CREKA-modified PEG-SS-PEI had favorable antitumor effects in vivo toward TNBC with tumor-targeting efficacy and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Runzhou Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yun Bao
- Institute of Clinical Research and Evidence Based Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ren ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Zhang X, Cheng C, Zhang G, Xiao M, Li L, Wu S, Lu X. Co-exposure to BPA and DEHP enhances susceptibility of mammary tumors via up-regulating Esr1/HDAC6 pathway in female rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112453. [PMID: 34186418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) as one of the major malignancies threatening women's health worldwide occurs due to the genetic and environmental interactions. Epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can elevate the risk of breast cancer. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are known as two typical EDCs. Although several studies have implied that there appear to have adverse effects of exposure to BPA or DEHP alone on breast development, no study to date has demonstrated the exact toxic effect of combined exposure to DEHP and BPA on breast tumorigenesis. In the present study, we performed an in vivo experiment including 160 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, in which 80 rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups including control group given to normal diet, DEHP (150 mg/kg body weight/day), BPA (20 mg/kg body weight/day), and DEHP (150 mg/kg body weight/day) combined with BPA (20 mg/kg body weight/day) by gavage for 30 weeks. Additionally, a DEN/MNU/DHPN (DMD)-induced carcinogenesis animal model was also established to assess their effect on tumor promotion. Namely, the other 80 SD rats were separated into another 4 groups: in addition to DMD initiation each group treated with vehicle, DEHP, BPA and the combination of BPA and DEHP respectively. Our data demonstrated that BPA alone or in combination with DEHP may induce hyperplasia of mammary glands, including the proliferation of ductal epithelial cells and an increase in the number of lobules and acinus after a 30-week exposure. Notably, co-exposure to DEHP and BPA increased the incidence and reduced the latency of mammary tumor, which seemed to enhance the susceptibility of carcinogens-induced tumor. Mechanistically, our results supported the hypothesis that exposure to BPA and DEHP might promote breast cancer dependent on Esr1 and HDAC6 as pivotal factors, and further lead to the activation of oncogene c-Myc. Our study suggested that BPA combined with DEHP facilitate the occurrence of mammary tumors, which contributed to advance our understanding in the complex effects of compound exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Guopei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Mingyang Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Liuli Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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15
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Miralaei N, Majd A, Ghaedi K, Peymani M, Safaei M. Integrated pan-cancer of AURKA expression and drug sensitivity analysis reveals increased expression of AURKA is responsible for drug resistance. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6428-6441. [PMID: 34337875 PMCID: PMC8446408 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The AURKA gene encodes a protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation and plays an oncogenic role in many cancers. The main objective of this study is to analyze AURKA expression in 13 common cancers and its role in prognostic and drug resistance. Method Using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) as well as CCLE and GDSC data, the level of AURKA gene expression and its role in prognosis and its association with drug resistance were evaluated, respectively. In addition, the expression level of AURKA was assessed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) samples. Besides, using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, drugs that could affect the expression level of this gene were also identified. Results The results indicated that the expression level of AURKA gene in 13 common cancers increased significantly compared to normal samples or it survived poorly (HR >1, p < 0.01) in lung, prostate, kidney, bladder, and uterine cancers. Also, the gene expression data showed increased expression in CRC and GC samples compared to normal ones. The level of AURKA was significantly associated with the resistance to SB 505124, NU‐7441, and irinotecan drugs (p < 0.01). Eventually, GEO data showed that JQ1, actinomycin D1, and camptothecin could reduce the expression of AURKA gene in different cancer cell lines (logFC < 1, p < 0.01). Conclusion Increased expression of AURKA is observed in prevalent cancers and associated with poor prognostic and the development of drug resistance. In addition, some chemotherapy drugs can reduce the expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Miralaei
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Safaei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ligorio F, Pellegrini I, Castagnoli L, Vingiani A, Lobefaro R, Zattarin E, Santamaria M, Pupa SM, Pruneri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Targeting lipid metabolism is an emerging strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:77-87. [PMID: 33961924 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De novo or acquired resistance of cancer cells to currently available Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors represents a clinical challenge. Several resistance mechanisms have been identified in recent years, with lipid metabolism reprogramming, a well-established hallmark of cancer, representing the last frontier of preclinical and clinical research in this field. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), the key enzyme required for fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis, is frequently overexpressed/activated in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC), and it crucially sustains HER2+ BC cell growth, proliferation and survival. After the synthesis of new, selective and well tolerated FASN inhibitors, clinical trials have been initiated to test if these compounds are able to re-sensitize cancer cells with acquired resistance to HER2 inhibition. More recently, the upregulation of FA uptake by cancer cells has emerged as a potentially new and targetable mechanism of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2+ BC, thus opening a new era in the field of targeting metabolic reprogramming in clinical setting. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the inhibition of FA biosynthesis and uptake in combination with anti-HER2 therapies in patients with HER2+ BC, and we discuss ongoing clinical trials that are investigating these combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pellegrini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Castagnoli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Santamaria
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella M Pupa
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Ligorio F, Zambelli L, Bottiglieri A, Castagnoli L, Zattarin E, Lobefaro R, Ottini A, Vingiani A, Pupa SM, Bianchi GV, Capri G, Pruneri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Hormone receptor status influences the impact of body mass index and hyperglycemia on the risk of tumor relapse in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211006960. [PMID: 33948122 PMCID: PMC8053837 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211006960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High body mass index (BMI) has been associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC), and its negative effects could be mediated by hyperglycemia/diabetes. However, the prognostic impact of high BMI in early-stage HER2-positive (HER2+) BC patients remains controversial. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the impact of baseline BMI or glycemia on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with surgically resected, stage I–III HER2+ BC treated with standard-of-care, trastuzumab-containing adjuvant biochemotherapy. The optimal BMI and glycemia cut-off values for RFS were identified through maximally selected rank statistics. Cox regression models were used to assess the impact of BMI, glycemia and other relevant variables on clinical outcomes. Results: Among 505 patients included in the study, a BMI cut-off of 27.77 kg/m2 was identified as the best threshold to discriminate between patients with low BMI (n = 390; 77.2%) or high BMI (n = 115; 22.8%). At multivariable analysis, higher BMI was associated with significantly worse RFS [hazard ratio 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–4.74, p = 0.031] and worse OS (hazard ratio 2.25, 95% CI 1.03–4.94, p = 0.043) in the whole patient population. The negative impact of high BMI was only observed in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-negative/HER2+ BC (hazard ratio 2.29; 95% CI: 1.01–5.20; p = 0.047), but not in patients with HR-positive (HR+)/HER2+ BC (hazard ratio 1.36; 95% CI: 0.61–3.07, p = 0.452). By contrast, hyperglycemia (⩾109 mg/dl) at baseline was associated with a trend toward significantly worse RFS at multivariable analysis only in patients with HR+/HER2+ BC (hazard ratio 2.52; 95% CI: 0.89–7.1; p = 0.080). Conclusions: High BMI is associated with worse clinical outcomes in early-stage HR−/HER2+ BC patients treated with trastuzumab-containing adjuvant biochemotherapy, while baseline hyperglycemia could be a predictor of worse RFS in HR+/HER2+ BC patients. Prospective studies are needed to investigate if modifying patient BMI/glycemia during treatment can improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Zambelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Castagnoli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Ottini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella M Pupa
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Capri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Vernieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, Milan, 20133, Italy
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18
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Semenova E, Grudniak MP, Machaj EK, Bocian K, Chroscinska-Krawczyk M, Trochonowicz M, Stepaniec IM, Murzyn M, Zagorska KE, Boruczkowski D, Kolanowski TJ, Oldak T, Rozwadowska N. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Parts of Umbilical Cord: Approach to Comparison & Characteristics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1780-1795. [PMID: 33860454 PMCID: PMC8553697 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a unique population of cells that play an important role in the regeneration potential of the body. MSCs exhibit a characteristic phenotype and are capable of modulating the immune response. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues such as: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord and others. The umbilical cord as a source of MSCs, has strong advantages, such as no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and easiness of the MSCs isolation. As the umbilical cord (UC) is a complex organ and we decided to evaluate, whether the cells derived from different regions of umbilical cord show similar or distinct properties. In this study we characterized and compared MSCs from three regions of the umbilical cord: Wharton's Jelly (WJ), the perivascular space (PRV) and the umbilical membrane (UCM). The analysis was carried out in terms of morphology, phenotype, immunomodulation potential and secretome. Based on the obtained results, we were able to conclude, that MSCs derived from distinct UC regions differ in their properties. According to our result WJ-MSCs have high and stabile proliferation potential and phenotype, when compare with other MSCs and can be treated as a preferable source of cells for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Semenova
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Grudniak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz K Machaj
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bocian
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Trochonowicz
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor M Stepaniec
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Murzyn
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina E Zagorska
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oldak
- Research and Development Department, Polish Stem Cell Bank, FamiCord Group, Ul. Jana Pawla II 29, 00-867, Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Targeting the Id1-Kif11 Axis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Combination Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091295. [PMID: 32911668 PMCID: PMC7565337 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) (referred to as Id) have an important role in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanism underlying Id control of CSC phenotype and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. We used two different TNBC tumor models marked by either Id depletion or Id1 expression in order to identify Id targets using a combinatorial analysis of RNA sequencing and microarray data. Phenotypically, Id protein depletion leads to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, which we demonstrate is reversible. In order to understand the molecular underpinning of Id proteins on the cell cycle phenotype, we carried out a large-scale small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen of 61 putative targets identified by using genomic analysis of two Id TNBC tumor models. Kinesin Family Member 11 (Kif11) and Aurora Kinase A (Aurka), which are critical cell cycle regulators, were further validated as Id targets. Interestingly, unlike in Id depletion conditions, Kif11 and Aurka knockdown leads to a G2/M arrest, suggesting a novel Id cell cycle mechanism, which we will explore in further studies. Therapeutic targeting of Kif11 to block the Id1–Kif11 axis was carried out using small molecular inhibitor ispinesib. We finally leveraged our findings to target the Id/Kif11 pathway using the small molecule inhibitor ispinesib in the Id+ CSC results combined with chemotherapy for better response in TNBC subtypes. This work opens up exciting new possibilities of targeting Id targets such as Kif11 in the TNBC subtype, which is currently refractory to chemotherapy. Targeting the Id1–Kif11 molecular pathway in the Id1+ CSCs in combination with chemotherapy and small molecular inhibitor results in more effective debulking of TNBC.
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20
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Teo WS, Holliday H, Karthikeyan N, Cazet AS, Roden DL, Harvey K, Konrad CV, Murali R, Varghese BA, Thankamony AP, Chan CL, McFarland A, Junankar S, Ye S, Yang J, Nikolic I, Shah JS, Baker LA, Millar EKA, Naylor MJ, Ormandy CJ, Lakhani SR, Kaplan W, Mellick AS, O'Toole SA, Swarbrick A, Nair R. Id Proteins Promote a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype in Mouse Models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Negative Regulation of Robo1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:552. [PMID: 32766238 PMCID: PMC7380117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers display phenotypic and functional heterogeneity and several lines of evidence support the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in certain breast cancers, a minor population of cells capable of tumor initiation and metastatic dissemination. Identifying factors that regulate the CSC phenotype is therefore important for developing strategies to treat metastatic disease. The Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 (Id1) and its closely related family member Inhibitor of Differentiation 3 (Id3) (collectively termed Id) are expressed by a diversity of stem cells and are required for metastatic dissemination in experimental models of breast cancer. In this study, we show that ID1 is expressed in rare neoplastic cells within ER-negative breast cancers. To address the function of Id1 expressing cells within tumors, we developed independent murine models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) in which a genetic reporter permitted the prospective isolation of Id1+ cells. Id1+ cells are enriched for self-renewal in tumorsphere assays in vitro and for tumor initiation in vivo. Conversely, depletion of Id1 and Id3 in the 4T1 murine model of TNBC demonstrates that Id1/3 are required for cell proliferation and self-renewal in vitro, as well as primary tumor growth and metastatic colonization of the lung in vivo. Using combined bioinformatic analysis, we have defined a novel mechanism of Id protein function via negative regulation of the Roundabout Axon Guidance Receptor Homolog 1 (Robo1) leading to activation of a Myc transcriptional programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee S. Teo
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Holliday
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitheesh Karthikeyan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Aurélie S. Cazet
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Roden
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Binitha Anu Varghese
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Archana P. Thankamony
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea McFarland
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Junankar
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sunny Ye
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Iva Nikolic
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaynish S. Shah
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura A. Baker
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ewan K. A. Millar
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Naylor
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Physiology & Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Ormandy
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Peter Wills Bioinformatics Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert S. Mellick
- UNSW Medicine, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Medical Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Clinical School UNSW & CONCERT Translational Cancer Research Centre, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A. O'Toole
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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21
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Siouda M, Dujardin AD, Barbollat-Boutrand L, Mendoza-Parra MA, Gibert B, Ouzounova M, Bouaoud J, Tonon L, Robert M, Foy JP, Lavergne V, Manie SN, Viari A, Puisieux A, Ichim G, Gronemeyer H, Saintigny P, Mulligan P. CDYL2 Epigenetically Regulates MIR124 to Control NF-κB/STAT3-Dependent Breast Cancer Cell Plasticity. iScience 2020; 23:101141. [PMID: 32450513 PMCID: PMC7251929 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation of gene transcription is central to cancer cell plasticity and malignant progression but remains poorly understood. We found that the uncharacterized epigenetic factor chromodomain on Y-like 2 (CDYL2) is commonly over-expressed in breast cancer, and that high CDYL2 levels correlate with poor prognosis. Supporting a functional role for CDYL2 in malignancy, it positively regulated breast cancer cell migration, invasion, stem-like phenotypes, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CDYL2 regulation of these plasticity-associated processes depended on signaling via p65/NF-κB and STAT3. This, in turn, was downstream of CDYL2 regulation of MIR124 gene transcription. CDYL2 co-immunoprecipitated with G9a/EHMT2 and GLP/EHMT1 and regulated the chromatin enrichment of G9a and EZH2 at MIR124 genes. We propose that CDYL2 contributes to poor prognosis in breast cancer by recruiting G9a and EZH2 to epigenetically repress MIR124 genes, thereby promoting NF-κB and STAT3 signaling, as well as downstream cancer cell plasticity and malignant progression. Up-regulation of CDYL2 is common in breast cancer and correlates with poor prognosis CDYL2 regulates enrichment of methyltransferases G9a and EZH2 at MIR124 genes microRNA-124 regulation by CDYL2 impacts STAT3 and NF-κB signaling CDYL2 regulation of EMT, migration, invasion, and stemness is STAT3/NF-κB dependent
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Siouda
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey D Dujardin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laetitia Barbollat-Boutrand
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marco A Mendoza-Parra
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Jebrane Bouaoud
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery and Stomatology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris 6, Sorbonne Paris Cite University, AP-HP, Paris 75013, France
| | - Laurie Tonon
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Lannec, Lyon 69008, France; INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin 38330, France
| | - Marie Robert
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Jean-Philippe Foy
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Vincent Lavergne
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Serge N Manie
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique "Gilles Thomas", Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Lannec, Lyon 69008, France; INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin 38330, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx DEVweCAN
| | - Peter Mulligan
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, Epigenetics and Cancer Team, Cheney A, 5e étage, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon Cedex 08 69373, France.
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22
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Belur Nagaraj A, Joseph P, Ponting E, Fedorov Y, Singh S, Cole A, Lee W, Yoon E, Baccarini A, Scacheri P, Buckanovich R, Adams DJ, Drapkin R, Brown BD, DiFeo A. A miRNA-Mediated Approach to Dissect the Complexity of Tumor-Initiating Cell Function and Identify miRNA-Targeting Drugs. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:122-134. [PMID: 30629937 PMCID: PMC6335585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) contribute to drug resistance and tumor recurrence in cancers, thus experimental approaches to dissect the complexity of TICs are required to design successful TIC therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that miRNA-3' UTR sensor vectors can be used as a pathway-based method to identify, enrich, and analyze TICs from primary solid tumor patient samples. We have found that an miR-181ahigh subpopulation of cells sorted from primary ovarian tumor cells exhibited TIC properties in vivo, were enriched in response to continuous cisplatin treatment, and showed activation of numerous major stem cell regulatory pathways. This miRNA-sensor-based platform enabled high-throughput drug screening leading to identification of BET inhibitors as transcriptional inhibitors of miR-181a. Taken together, we provide a valuable miRNA-sensor-based approach to broaden the understanding of complex TIC regulatory mechanisms in cancers and to identify miRNA-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Belur Nagaraj
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erin Ponting
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yuriy Fedorov
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Salendra Singh
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Cole
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alessia Baccarini
- Department of Genetics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ronald Buckanovich
- Department of Medicine, Magee Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Small Molecules Drug Development Core Facility, Office of Research Administration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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23
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Liu Q, Borcherding NC, Shao P, Maina PK, Zhang W, Qi HH. Contribution of synergism between PHF8 and HER2 signalling to breast cancer development and drug resistance. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102612. [PMID: 31923801 PMCID: PMC7000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 plays a critical role in tumourigenesis and is associated with poor prognosis of patients with HER2-positive breast cancers. Although anti-HER2 drugs are beneficial for treating breast cancer, de novo, or acquired resistance often develops. Epigenetic factors are increasingly targeted for therapy; however, such mechanisms that interact with HER2 signalling are poorly understood. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify PHF8 targets downstream of HER2 signalling. CHIP-qPCR were used to investigate how PHF8 regulates HER2 transcription. ELISA determined cytokine secretion. Cell-based assay revealed a feed forward loop in HER2 signalling and then evaluated in vivo. FINDINGS We report the synergistic interplay between histone demethylase PHF8 and HER2 signalling. Specifically, PHF8 levels were elevated in HER2-positive breast cancers and upregulated by HER2. PHF8 functioned as a coactivator that regulated the expression of HER2, markers of the HER2-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cytokines. The HER2-PHF8-IL-6 regulatory axis was active in cell lines and in newly established MMTV-Her2/MMTV-Cre/Phf8fl°x/fl°x mouse models, which revealed the oncogenic function of Phf8 in breast cancer for the first time. Further, the PHF8-IL-6 axis contributed to the resistance to trastuzumab in vitro and may play a critical role in the infiltration of T cells in HER2-driven breast cancers. INTERPRETATION These findings provided informative mechanistic insight into the potential application of PHF8 inhibitors to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. FUNDING This work was supported by Carver Trust Young Investigator Award (01-224 to H.H.Q); and a Breast Cancer Research Award (to H.H.Q.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas C Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peterson K Maina
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Hank H Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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24
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Seth Nanda C, Venkateswaran SV, Patani N, Yuneva M. Defining a metabolic landscape of tumours: genome meets metabolism. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:136-149. [PMID: 31819196 PMCID: PMC7051970 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease of multiple alterations occuring at the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and/or metabolic levels. The contribution of genetic mutations in cancer initiation, progression and evolution is well understood. However, although metabolic changes in cancer have long been acknowledged and considered a plausible therapeutic target, the crosstalk between genetic and metabolic alterations throughout cancer types is not clearly defined. In this review, we summarise the present understanding of the interactions between genetic drivers of cellular transformation and cancer-associated metabolic changes, and how these interactions contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of tumours. We discuss the essential question of whether changes in metabolism are a cause or a consequence in the formation of cancer. We highlight two modes of how metabolism contributes to tumour formation. One is when metabolic reprogramming occurs downstream of oncogenic mutations in signalling pathways and supports tumorigenesis. The other is where metabolic reprogramming initiates transformation being either downstream of mutations in oncometabolite genes or induced by chronic wounding, inflammation, oxygen stress or metabolic diseases. Finally, we focus on the factors that can contribute to metabolic heterogeneity in tumours, including genetic heterogeneity, immunomodulatory factors and tissue architecture. We believe that an in-depth understanding of cancer metabolic reprogramming, and the role of metabolic dysregulation in tumour initiation and progression, can help identify cellular vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neill Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Mariia Yuneva
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK.
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25
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Sakunrangsit N, Ketchart W. Plumbagin inhibits cancer stem-like cells, angiogenesis and suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104517. [PMID: 31693936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fifty percent of advanced stage ER-positive breast cancer patients develop endocrine resistance. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin is associated with stem-like phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process which confers resistance to endocrine therapy. Cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) can be a vital source of proangiogenic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) which drives angiogenesis and leads to tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting Wnt and FGF2 may provide effective treatment for endocrine resistant breast cancer. Our previous in vitro study reported that plumbagin (PLB) was a potent anticancer agent and was able to inhibit EMT in endocrine-resistant cells. This study aimed to further investigate the inhibitory effects of PLB on cancer stem-like phenotypes, tumorigenicity and angiogenesis. The results demonstrated Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated and was able to form mammospheres with increased cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, NANOG, and OCT4) in endocrine-resistant cells. PLB significantly inhibited colony-forming, mammosphere formation and decreased cancer stem cell markers. The inhibitory effects of PLB on cell proliferation and invasion were mediated by Wnt signaling pathway. PLB also significantly reduced Wnt responsive genes and β-catenin. Moreover, PLB treatment at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg/day inhibited tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis without any adverse effects on body weight and blood coagulation in orthotopic xenograft nude mice. In conclusion, PLB exerted anti-cancer activity and eliminated stem-like properties by attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and FGF2 expression. These findings suggest that PLB could be a promising agent to treat endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Melnik S, Werth N, Boeuf S, Hahn EM, Gotterbarm T, Anton M, Richter W. Impact of c-MYC expression on proliferation, differentiation, and risk of neoplastic transformation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30836996 PMCID: PMC6402108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow (MSC) represent an attractive source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, thorough research is required into their clinical application safety issues concerning a risk of potential neoplastic degeneration in a process of MSC propagation in cell culture for therapeutic applications. Expansion protocols could preselect MSC with elevated levels of growth-promoting transcription factors with oncogenic potential, such as c-MYC. We addressed the question whether c-MYC expression affects the growth and differentiation potential of human MSC upon extensive passaging in cell culture and assessed a risk of tumorigenic transformation caused by MSC overexpressing c-MYC in vivo. METHODS MSC were subjected to retroviral transduction to induce expression of c-MYC, or GFP, as a control. Cells were expanded, and effects of c-MYC overexpression on osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis were monitored. Ectopic bone formation properties were tested in SCID mice. A potential risk of tumorigenesis imposed by MSC with c-MYC overexpression was evaluated. RESULTS C-MYC levels accumulated during ex vivo passaging, and overexpression enabled the transformed MSC to significantly overgrow competing control cells in culture. C-MYC-MSC acquired enhanced biological functions of c-MYC: its increased DNA-binding activity, elevated expression of the c-MYC-binding partner MAX, and induction of antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A. Overexpression of c-MYC stimulated MSC proliferation and reduced osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Surprisingly, c-MYC overexpression also caused an increased COL10A1/COL2A1 expression ratio upon chondrogenesis, suggesting a role in hypertrophic degeneration. However, the in vivo ectopic bone formation ability of c-MYC-transduced MSC remained comparable to control GFP-MSC. There was no indication of tumor growth in any tissue after transplantation of c-MYC-MSC in mice. CONCLUSIONS C-MYC expression promoted high proliferation rates of MSC, attenuated but not abrogated their differentiation capacity, and did not immediately lead to tumor formation in the tested in vivo mouse model. However, upregulation of MYC antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A promoting apoptosis and senescence, as well as an observed shift towards a hypertrophic collagen phenotype and cartilage degeneration, point to lack of safety for clinical application of MSC that were manipulated to overexpress c-MYC for their better expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Melnik
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Werth
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephane Boeuf
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hahn
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gotterbarm
- Department of Orthopedics, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Martina Anton
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Xu S, Yue Y, Zhang S, Zhou C, Cheng X, Xie X, Wang X, Lu W. STON2 negatively modulates stem-like properties in ovarian cancer cells via DNMT1/MUC1 pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:305. [PMID: 30518424 PMCID: PMC6282299 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, have oncogenic potential and are regarded to be the source of cancer recurrence. However, the mechanism by which CSCs maintain their stemness remains largely unclear. Methods In this study, the cell line-derived ovarian CSCs (OCSCs), 3AO and Caov3, were enriched in serum-free medium (SFM). Differentially expressed proteins were compared between the OCSC subpopulation and parental cells using liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS label-free quantitative proteomics. Sphere-forming ability assays, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and in vivo xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate stemness. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and pyrosequencing were used to reveal the mechanism by which STON2 negatively modulates the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells. Results Among the 74 most differentially expressed proteins, stonin 2 (STON2) was confirmed to be down-regulated in the OCSC subpopulation. We show that STON2 negatively modulates the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells, which are characterized by sphere formation, a CD44+CD24− ratio, and by CSC- and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. STON2 knockdown also accelerated tumorigenesis in NOD/SCID mice. Further investigation revealed a downstream target, mucin 1 (MUC1), as up-regulated upon the down regulation of STON2. A decrease in both DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and methylation in the promoter region of MUC1 was associated with subsequently elevated MUC1 expression, as detected in STON2 knockdown in 3AO and Caov3 cells. Direct DNMT1 knockdown simultaneously elevated MUC1 expression. The functional significance of this STON2-DNMT1/MUC1 pathway is supported by the observation that STON2 overexpression suppresses MUC1-induced sphere formation of OCSCs. The paired expression of STON2 and MUC1 in ovarian cancer specimens was also detected revealing the prognostic value of STON2 expression to be highly dependent on MUC1 expression. Conclusions Our results imply that STON2 may negatively regulate stemness in ovarian cancer cells via DNMT1-MUC1 mediated epigenetic modification. STON2 is therefore involved in OCSC biology and may represent a therapeutic target for innovative treatments aimed at ovarian cancer eradication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0977-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongfang Yue
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China. .,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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28
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Naab TJ, Gautam A, Ricks-Santi L, Esnakula AK, Kanaan YM, DeWitty RL, Asgedom G, Makambi KH, Abawi M, Blancato JK. MYC amplification in subtypes of breast cancers in African American women. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29523126 PMCID: PMC5845301 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MYC overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in breast tumors (BCa). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MYC amplification and associated markers in BCa tumors from African American (AA) women and determine the associations between MYC amplification and clinico-pathological characteristics. Methods We analyzed 70 cases of well characterized archival breast ductal carcinoma specimens from AA women for MYC oncogene amplification. Utilizing immune histochemical analysis estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and (HER2/neu), were assessed. Cases were Luminal A (ER or PR+, Ki-67 < 14%), Luminal B (ER or PR+, Ki-67 = > 14% or ER or PR+ HER2+), HER2 (ER-, PR-, HER2+), and Triple Negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-) with basal-like phenotype. The relationship between MYC amplification and prognostic clinico-pathological characteristics was determined using chi square and logistic regression modeling. Results Sixty-five (97%) of the tumors showed MYC gene amplification (MYC: CEP8 > 1). Statistically significant associations were found between MYC amplification and HER2-amplified BCa, and Luminal B subtypes of BCa (p < 0.0001), stage (p < 0.001), metastasis (p < 0.001), and positive lymph node status (p = 0.039). MYC amplification was associated with HER2 status (p = 0.01) and tumor size (p = 0.01). High MYC amplification was seen in grade III carcinomas (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), pre-menopausal women (MYC: CEP8 = 2.49), PR-negative status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.42), and ER-positive status (MYC: CEP8 = 2.4). Conclusions HER2 positive BCas in AA women are likely to exhibit MYC amplification. High amplification ratios suggest that MYC drives HER2 amplification, especially in HER2 positive, Luminal B, and subtypes of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammey J Naab
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue Rm. 1M-06, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Anita Gautam
- Department of Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation street Suite# 318, Worcester, MA, 01581, England
| | - Luisel Ricks-Santi
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, 100 E. Queen Street, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Ashwini K Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, P.O. Box 100275, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Yasmine M Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue Rm. 1M-06, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Robert L DeWitty
- Department of Surgery, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Girmay Asgedom
- Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, Washington DC, NW, 20060, USA
| | - Khepher H Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, NW, 20057, USA
| | - Massih Abawi
- Inherited Cancer Program, GeneDx, 207 Perry Pkwy, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Jan K Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University Medical Centre, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington DC, NW, 20007, USA.
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Kriegmair MC, Wirtz RM, Worst TS, Breyer J, Ritter M, Keck B, Boehmer C, Otto W, Eckstein M, Weis CA, Hartmann A, Bolenz C, Erben P. Prognostic Value of Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes based on Her2, ESR1, PGR and Ki67 mRNA-Expression in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:467-476. [PMID: 29477637 PMCID: PMC5834659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gene expression analyses have identified similarities between bladder and breast cancer, where clinical risk stratification is based on Her2, ESR1, PGR and Ki67 expression. The aim of the study was to assess the respective marker gene expression in patients treated with radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and to evaluate the applicability of breast cancer subtypes for MIBC risk stratification. MATERIALS & METHODS: 102 patients treated with radical cystectomy for MIBC were assessed. Using routine FFPE tissue and an IVD validated kit, mRNA expression was measured by single step RT-qPCR. Partition test were employed to define cut-off values for high or low marker gene expression. Association of expression with outcome was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate cox regression analysis. Finally, we performed validation of our results in the MD-Anderson cohort (n = 57). RESULTS: Cancer specific survival (CSS) was impaired in patients with high gene expression of Her2 (P = 0.0009) and ESR1 (P = 0.04). In the multivariate regression model Her2 expression remained significant for the prediction of CSS (HR = 2.11, CI 1.11-4.21, P = 0.024). Furthermore, molecular stratification by breast cancer subgroups was significant (P = 0.023) for CSS prediction. Especially the differentiation between Her2-positive and Luminal A (HR = 4.41, CI 1.53-18.71, P = 0.004) and Luminal B (HR = 1.96, CI 0.99-4.08, P = 0.053) respectively was an independent prognostic parameter for CSS. External validation resulted in comparable risk stratification with differences in fractional subgroups distribution. CONCLUSION: Gene expression of Her2, ESR1, PGR, Ki67 and corresponding breast cancer subtypes allow a risk-stratification in MIBC, whereby Her2 overexpressing tumors reveal a particularly poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - R M Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Pathology, Werthmannstraße 1, 50935, Köln, Germany
| | - T S Worst
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Ritter
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - B Keck
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Boehmer
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - W Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C A Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Bolenz
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Prittwitzstraße 43, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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30
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Qiu H, Li J, Clark LH, Jackson AL, Zhang L, Guo H, Kilgore JE, Gehrig PA, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. JQ1 suppresses tumor growth via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66809-66821. [PMID: 27572308 PMCID: PMC5341839 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of c-Myc is associated with worse outcomes in endometrial cancer, indicating that c-Myc may be a promising target for endometrial cancer therapy. A novel small molecule, JQ1, has been shown to block BRD4 resulting in inhibition of c-Myc expression and tumor growth. Thus, we investigated whether JQ1 can inhibit endometrial cancer growth in cell culture and xenograft models. In PTEN-positive endometrial cancer cells, JQ1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation via induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by a sharp decline in cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein expression. However, PTEN-negative endometrial cancer cells exhibited intrinsic resistance to JQ1, despite significant c-Myc inhibition. Moreover, we found that PTEN and its downstream PI3K/AKT signaling targets were modulated by JQ1, as evidenced by microarray analysis. Silencing of PTEN in PTEN-positive endometrial cancer cells resulted in resistance to JQ1, while upregulation of PTEN in PTEN-negative endometrial cancer cells increased sensitivity to JQ1. In xenografts models of PTEN-positive and PTEN-knock-in endometrial cancer, JQ1 significantly upregulated the expression of PTEN, blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppressed tumor growth. These effects were attenuated in PTEN-negative and PTEN-knockdown xenograft models. Thus, JQ1 resistance appears to be highly associated with the status of PTEN expression in endometrial cancer. Our findings suggest that targeting BRD4 using JQ1 might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy in PTEN-positive endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leslie H Clark
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Jackson
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Joshua E Kilgore
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paola A Gehrig
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Talukdar S, Das SK, Pradhan AK, Emdad L, Shen XN, Windle JJ, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Novel function of MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) as a regulator of survival and stemness in glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54102-54119. [PMID: 27472461 PMCID: PMC5342330 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer with current therapies only marginally impacting on patient survival. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells, are considered major contributors to glioma progression and play seminal roles in therapy resistance, immune evasion and increased invasion. Despite clinical relevance, effective/selective therapeutic targeting strategies for GSCs do not exist, potentially due to the lack of a definitive understanding of key regulators of GSCs. Consequently, there is a pressing need to identify therapeutic targets and novel options to effectively target this therapy-resistant cell population. The precise roles of GSCs in governing GBM development, progression and prognosis are under intense scrutiny, but key upstream regulatory genes remain speculative. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), a scaffold protein, regulates tumor pathogenesis in multiple cancers. Highly aggressive cancers like GBM express elevated levels of MDA-9 and contain increased populations of GSCs. We now uncover a unique function of MDA-9 as a facilitator and determinant of glioma stemness and survival. Mechanistically, MDA-9 regulates multiple stemness genes (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) through activation of STAT3. MDA-9 controls survival of GSCs by activating the NOTCH1 pathway through phospho-Src and DLL1. Once activated, cleaved NOTCH1 regulates C-Myc expression through RBPJK, thereby facilitating GSC growth and proliferation. Knockdown of MDA-9 affects the NOTCH1/C-Myc and p-STAT3/Nanog pathways causing a loss of stemness and initiation of apoptosis in GSCs. Our data uncover a previously unidentified relationship between MDA-9 and GSCs, reinforcing relevance of this gene as a potential therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Archer TC, Sengupta S, Pomeroy SL. Brain cancer genomics and epigenomics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:785-797. [PMID: 29478614 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classically, brain cancers have been graded and diagnosed based on histology and risk stratified by clinical criteria. Recent advances in genomics and epigenomics have ushered in an era of defining cancers based on molecular criteria. These advances have increased our precision of identifying oncogenic driving events and, most importantly, increased our precision at predicting clinical outcome. For the first time in its history, the 2016 revision of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System included molecular features as tumor classification criteria. Brain tumors can develop in the context of genetic cancer predisposition syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni or Gorlin syndrome, but by far most commonly arise through the acquisition of somatic mutations and chromosome changes in the malignant cells. By taking a survey across this cancer landscape, certain themes emerge as being common events to drive cancer: DNA damage repair, genomic instability, mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, sonic hedgehog pathway, hypoxia, and epigenetic dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms is of paramount importance for improving targeted therapies, and for identifying the right patients for those therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenley C Archer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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33
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Kwak JH, Lee NH, Lee HY, Hong IS, Nam JS. HIF2α/EFEMP1 cascade mediates hypoxic effects on breast cancer stem cell hierarchy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43518-43533. [PMID: 27270657 PMCID: PMC5190041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been shown to contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. They are also markedly resistant to conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation. Recent studies have suggested that hypoxia is one of the prominent micro-environmental factors that increase the self-renewal ability of BCSCs, partially by enhancing CSC phenotypes. Thus, the identification and development of new therapeutic approaches based on targeting the hypoxia-dependent responses in BCSCs is urgent. Through various in vitro studies, we found that hypoxia specifically up-regulates BCSC sphere formation and a subset of CD44+/CD24-/low CSCs. Hypoxia inducible factors 2α (HIF2α) depletion suppressed CSC-like phenotypes and CSC-mediated drug resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of hypoxia-induced HIF2α on BCSC sphere formation were successfully attenuated by epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) knockdown. Taken together, these data suggest that HIF2α mediates hypoxia-induced cancer growth/metastasis and that EFEMP1 is a downstream effector of hypoxia-induced HIF2α during breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kwak
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- The Faculty of Liberal Arts, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, 367-805, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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34
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He M, Zhou Z, Wu G, Chen Q, Wan Y. Emerging role of DUBs in tumor metastasis and apoptosis: Therapeutic implication. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:96-107. [PMID: 28279784 PMCID: PMC5565705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system is tightly linked to tumor formation and tumor metastasis. Targeting the ubiquitin-pathway provides a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy. Despite the parts played by ubiquitin modifiers, removal of ubiquitin from the functional proteins by the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an important role in governing the multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, including local invasion, dissemination, and eventual colonization of the tumor to distant organs. Both deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination could lead to dysregulation of various critical events and pathways such as apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent TCGA study has further revealed the connection between mutations of DUBs and various types of tumors. In addition, emerging drug design targeting DUBs provides a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of deubiquitination and highlight the recent discoveries of DUBs with regards to multiple metastatic events including anti-apoptosis pathway and EMT. We will further discuss the regulation of deubiquitination as a novel strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - George Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Li Y, Xian M, Yang B, Ying M, He Q. Inhibition of KLF4 by Statins Reverses Adriamycin-Induced Metastasis and Cancer Stemness in Osteosarcoma Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1617-1629. [PMID: 28552603 PMCID: PMC5470096 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin-based combination chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for osteosarcoma, but tumor recurrence and metastasis occurs in most cases. Recent evidence suggests that microenvironmental stress such as chemotherapy can lead to the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which result in cancer metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and how to target CSCs are still open questions. Herein, we report that Adriamycin treatment induces a stem-like phenotype and promotes metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells through upregulating KLF4. KLF4 knockdown blocks Adriamycin-induced stemness phenotype and metastasis capacity. We further screen that statins remarkably reverse Adriamycin-induced CSC properties and metastasis by downregulating KLF4. Most strikingly, simvastatin severely impaired Adriamycin-enhanced tumorigenesis of KHOS/NP cells in vivo. These data suggest that Adriamycin-based chemotherapeutics may simulate CSCs through activation of KLF4 signaling and that selective inhibition of KLF4 with statins should be considered in the development of osteosarcoma therapeutics. Adriamycin treatment induces a stemness phenotype in osteosarcoma cells KLF4 is a key transcriptional regulator of ADR-induced osteosarcoma cancer stemness Simvastatin reverses ADR-induced CSC properties by downregulating KLF4 Simvastatin abolishes ADR-enhanced tumorigenesis of KHOS/NP cells in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangling Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Miao Xian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Room 427, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Li XX, Shi L, Zhou XJ, Wu J, Xia TS, Zhou WB, Sun X, Zhu L, Wei JF, Ding Q. The role of c-Myc-RBM38 loop in the growth suppression in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:49. [PMID: 28399911 PMCID: PMC5387383 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background RNA-binding protein 38 (RBM38) is a member of the RNA recognition motif (RRM) family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBM38 often exerts its function by forming regulatory loops with relevant genes. c-Myc is an oncogenic transcription factor that is upregulated in one-third of breast cancers and involved in many cellular processes in this malignancy. In our previous study, RBM38 was identified as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the regulation of this tumor suppressor. Methods Lentivirus transfections, Western blotting analysis, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were employed to study the expression of c-Myc and RBM38. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the direct relationship between c-Myc protein and the RBM38 gene. RNA immunoprecipitation combined with dual-luciferase reporter assays was conducted to confirm the direct relationship between the RBM38 protein and the c-Myc transcript. Results Knockdown of c-Myc increased RBM38 expression by binding directly to specific DNA sequences (5′-CACGTG-3′), known as the E-box motif, in the promoter region of RBM38 gene. Additionally, RBM38 destabilized the c-Myc transcript by directly targeting AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of c-Myc mRNA to suppress c-Myc expression. Moreover, specific inhibitors of c-Myc transcriptional activity inhibited RBM38-induced suppression of growth, implying that RBM38 acts as a tumor suppressor via a mechanism that depends, at least partially, on the reduction of c-Myc expression in breast cancer. Conclusions RBM38 and c-Myc form a unique mutually antagonistic RBM38-c-Myc loop in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0521-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tian-Song Xia
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Yang F, Xu J, Tang L, Guan X. Breast cancer stem cell: the roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:951-966. [PMID: 27530548 PMCID: PMC11107600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers have been increasingly recognized as malignancies displaying frequent inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is represented by diverse subtypes and complexity within tumors, and impinges on response to therapy, metastasis, and prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells endowed with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been suggested to contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The CSC concept posits a hierarchical organization of tumors, at the apex of which are stem cells that drive tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. In breast cancer, CSCs have been proposed to contribute to malignant progression, suggesting that targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may improve treatment efficacy. Currently, several markers have been reported to identify BCSCs. However, there is objective variability with respect to the frequency and phenotype of BCSCs among different breast cancer cell lines and patients, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs remain unclear. In this review, we summarize current literature about the diversity of BCSC markers, the roles of BCSCs in tumor development, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs. We also highlight the most recent advances in BCSC targeting therapies and the challenges in translating the knowledge into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Zhang Y, Leonard M, Shu Y, Yang Y, Shu D, Guo P, Zhang X. Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Cancer by Targeted Gene Silencing Using Multifunctional pRNA Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:335-346. [PMID: 27966906 PMCID: PMC5488869 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancers express estrogen receptor (ER) α, and the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen has been widely used for their treatment. Unfortunately, up to half of all ERα-positive tumors have intrinsic or acquired endocrine therapy resistance. Our recent studies revealed that the ER coactivator Mediator Subunit 1 (MED1) plays a critical role in tamoxifen resistance through cross-talk with HER2. Herein, we assembled a three-way junction (3-WJ) pRNA-HER2apt-siMED1 nanoparticle to target HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer via an HER2 RNA aptamer to silence MED1 expression. We found that these ultracompact RNA nanoparticles are very stable under RNase A, serum, and 8 M urea conditions. These nanoparticles specifically bound to HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, efficiently depleted MED1 expression, and significantly decreased ERα-mediated gene transcription, whereas point mutations of the HER2 RNA aptamer on these nanoparticles abolished such functions. The RNA nanoparticles not only reduced the growth, metastasis, and mammosphere formation of the HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells but also sensitized them to tamoxifen treatment. These biosafe nanoparticles efficiently targeted and penetrated into HER2-overexpressing tumors after systemic administration in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition to their ability to greatly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, these nanoparticles also led to a dramatic reduction in the stem cell content of breast tumors when combined with tamoxifen treatment in vivo. Overall, we have generated multifunctional RNA nanoparticles that specifically targeted HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer, silenced MED1, and overcame tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Marissa Leonard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Yi Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yongguang Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Dan Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peixuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Graduate Program in Cancer and Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 513-558-3017. Fax: 513-558-4454.
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Yuan Y, Du Y, Hu XY, Liu MY, Du JK, Liu XM, Yu HE, Wang TZ, Pu JX, Zhong Q, Zou QF. Longikaurin A, a natural ent-kaurane, suppresses stemness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1672-1680. [PMID: 28454308 PMCID: PMC5403627 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small proportion of tumor cells that may be responsible for tumor metastasis and recurrence. Our recent research indicated that longikaurin A (LK-A) exhibited anti-tumor activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we further investigated whether LK-A could suppress the stemness of NPC cells. Sphere formation assay was used to assess the self-renewal ability of the cells treated with LK-A. Side population (SP) was determined by flow cytometry to measure the influence of LK-A on NPC SPs. The expression of the c-myc and fibronectin was detected by western blotting. The cytotoxicity of LK-A in combination with cisplatin to NPC cells was determined by MTT assay. Colony formation assay was used to verify whether LK-A could sensitize NPC cells to radiation and reverse the radiotherapy resistance. In the present study, we found that LK-A reduced the number and size of spheroid formation and decreased the SP cell percentage of the S18 cell line at a low concentration. Furthermore, LK-A treatment downregulated the expression of c-myc and fibronectin in NPC cell lines. Moreover, LK-A could significantly enhance the chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic sensitivity of NPC cell lines and reverse acquired radiotherapy resistance of Sune2-IR. Our data revealed that LK-A could suppress the stemness of NPC cells and may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ye Hu
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yuan Liu
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Ke Du
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Min Liu
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Hong-En Yu
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Zhu Wang
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Pu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Zou
- Section 3 of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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Xia RY, Zhang RR, Jiang Z, Sun YJ, Liu J, Chen FH. K 9(C 4H 4FN 2O 2) 2Nd(PW 11O 39) 2·25H 2O induces apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1348-1352. [PMID: 28454260 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of K9(C4H4FN2O2)2Nd(PW11O39)2·25H2O (FNdPW), a chemically synthesized polyoxometalate that contains rare earth elements, on lung cancer growth, and explored the mechanism underlying its actions. The effects of FNdPW on the cell viability and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells were measured using MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and electron microscopy. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated death promoter (Bad), phosphorylated (p)-Bad, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2, was determined by western blotting. Caspase-3 activity was measured using a caspase-3 activity kit. After 72 h of incubation, FNdPW reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. FNdPW upregulated the pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax proteins, and downregulated the anti-apoptotic p-Bad, Bcl-2 and XIAP proteins. Furthermore, FNdPW also enhanced caspase-3 activity and increased the protein level of AIF in A549 cells, which was independent of the caspase-3 pathway. These events were associated with the regulation exerted by FNdPW on multiple targets involved in A549 cell proliferation. Therefore, FNdPW may be a novel drug for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yao Xia
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jiao Sun
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Hui Chen
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Liu G, Xiang T, Wu QF, Wang WX. Curcumin suppresses the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by downregulating H19. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:5156-5162. [PMID: 28105222 PMCID: PMC5228417 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a major phytochemical in turmeric, inhibits the proliferation of many types of solid cancer cells by enhancing p53 expression. However, the long non-coding RNA H19 directly inhibits p53 activation and thus promotes gastric cancer progression. The aim of this study was to assess the role of H19 in curcumin-induced proliferative inhibition of gastric cancer. The gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was treated with curcumin at different concentrations and time points. The effect of curcumin on proliferation was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assays and flow cytometry with Ki67 staining. In addition, H19 expression was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric detection of Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. The protein expression of p53, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and c-Myc in curcumin-treated cells was detected by western blotting. The present study demonstrated that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 cells and suppressed H19 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, while p53 expression was enhanced. Ectopic expression of H19 in SGC7901 cells reversed curcumin-induced proliferative inhibition and downregulated p53 expression. Furthermore, while curcumin induced cell apoptosis and enhanced the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, which are downstream molecules of p53, ectopic expression of H19 inhibited curcumin-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, curcumin decreased the expression of the c-Myc oncogene, and exogenous c-Myc protein reversed the curcumin-induced downregulation of H19 expression. These results suggested that curcumin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the c-Myc/H19 pathway. Therefore, curcumin may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit gastric cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Feng Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Laparoscopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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42
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Lin LL, Huang CC, Wu CL, Wu MT, Hsu WM, Chuang JH. Downregulation of c-Myc is involved in TLR3-mediated tumor death of neuroblastoma xenografts. J Transl Med 2016; 96:719-30. [PMID: 27183205 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the deadliest pediatric solid tumor due to its pleomorphic molecular characteristics. In the innate immune system, toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes viral double-stranded RNAs to initiate immune signaling. Positive TLR3 expression indicates a favorable prognosis in NB patients, and is associated with MYCN-non-amplified. However, TLR3-mediated innate immune responses remain elusive in NB. In this study, we attempted to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying TLR3-agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] treatment in NB in vivo. We established NB xenograft models in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice with MYCN-amplified SK-N-DZ (DZ) cells or MYCN-non-amplified SK-N-AS (AS) cells. Poly(I:C) treatment led to significant tumor regression in AS xenografts, but not in DZ xenografts. Through immunohistochemical analysis, significant suppression of tumor proliferation, downregulation of c-Myc expression, and upregulation of TLR3 expression were found in the treatment group. Poly(I:C) inducing activation of TLR3/IRF3-mediated innate immunity associated with downregulation of c-Myc can be found in MYCN-non-amplified SK-N-AS cells, but not in MYCN-amplified BE(2)-M17 cells. Knockdown of TLR3 disturbed poly(I:C)-induced suppression of c-Myc and upregulation of p-IRF3 in AS cells. Furthermore, poly(I:C) treatment upregulated active NF-κB, mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, which works with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage. Upregulation of active caspase 3 and cleaved poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 were found in poly(I:C)-treated AS xenografts, which indicates the induction of apoptosis. Thus, our results suggest that c-Myc overexpression may increase sensitivity to poly(I:C)-induced tumor growth arrest and ROS-mediated apoptosis in NB. This study demonstrates that c-Myc protein expression has an important role in TLR3-induced innate immune responses, providing future treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tsui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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43
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Haider S, McIntyre A, van Stiphout RGPM, Winchester LM, Wigfield S, Harris AL, Buffa FM. Genomic alterations underlie a pan-cancer metabolic shift associated with tumour hypoxia. Genome Biol 2016; 17:140. [PMID: 27358048 PMCID: PMC4926297 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-0999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. However, the role of genomic changes in metabolic genes driving the tumour metabolic shift remains to be elucidated. Here, we have investigated the genomic and transcriptomic changes underlying this shift across ten different cancer types. RESULTS A systematic pan-cancer analysis of 6538 tumour/normal samples covering ten major cancer types identified a core metabolic signature of 44 genes that exhibit high frequency somatic copy number gains/amplifications (>20 % cases) associated with increased mRNA expression (ρ > 0.3, q < 10(-3)). Prognostic classifiers using these genes were confirmed in independent datasets for breast and kidney cancers. Interestingly, this signature is strongly associated with hypoxia, with nine out of ten cancer types showing increased expression and five out of ten cancer types showing increased gain/amplification of these genes in hypoxic tumours (P ≤ 0.01). Further validation in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines highlighted squalene epoxidase, an oxygen-requiring enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, as a driver of dysregulated metabolism and a key player in maintaining cell survival under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals somatic genomic alterations underlying a pan-cancer metabolic shift and suggests genomic adaptation of these genes as a survival mechanism in hypoxic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haider
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruud G. P. M. van Stiphout
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura M. Winchester
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- />Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Gogas H, Kotoula V, Alexopoulou Z, Christodoulou C, Kostopoulos I, Bobos M, Raptou G, Charalambous E, Tsolaki E, Xanthakis I, Pentheroudakis G, Koutras A, Bafaloukos D, Papakostas P, Aravantinos G, Psyrri A, Petraki K, Kalogeras KT, Pectasides D, Fountzilas G. MYC copy gain, chromosomal instability and PI3K activation as potential markers of unfavourable outcome in trastuzumab-treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:136. [PMID: 27184134 PMCID: PMC4869295 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for more efficient patient stratification for receiving trastuzumab in the metastatic breast cancer (mBC) setting, since only part of such patients benefit from the addition of this agent to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of biomarkers including MYC and MET in mBC patients treated with trastuzumab-based regimens. METHODS mBC patients, locally tested as HER2-positive, treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy between 1998 and 2010 were evaluated. Paraffin tumors (n = 229) were retrospectively centrally assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2, ER, PgR and Ki67; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2, TOP2A and centromere (CEN) 17, MYC and CEN8, MET and CEN7; qPCR for MYC, MET copy number (CN); and, for PI3K activation (PIK3CA mutations; PTEN and phospho-mTOR protein expression). Increased CEN CN was assessed based on normal cut-offs. Time to progression (TTP) and survival were evaluated from the initiation of trastuzumab as first line treatment. RESULTS Among all tumors, 90 were HER2-negative upon central testing (ambiguous HER2) and the rest were true HER2-positive. Further, 156 patients presented with mBC upon relapse of pre-treated disease (R-mBC) and 65 were diagnosed at stage IV (de novo mBC). Concordance between FISH and qPCR on gene CN status was fair for MYC (Kappa = 0.458) and absent for MET. The presence of MYC CN gain with qPCR and the absence of PI3K activation were infrequent events (7 and 8 % of evaluable tumors, respectively), while 41 % of tumors had increased CEN CN in one or more chromosomes, indicative of chromosomal instability. The most consistent finding in the entire cohort and in the above patient subgroups with respect to outcome was the unfavourable effect of MYC CN gain, which was retained upon multivariable analysis (e.g., survival in the entire cohort, HR 6.02; 95 % CI 2.67-13.6; p < 0.001). Further unfavourable prognosticators were increased CEN CN in one chromosome in R-mBC but not in de novo mBC (multivariable interaction p = 0.048), PI3K activation in R-mBC (multivariable p = 0.004) and increased Ki67 for patient TTP. CONCLUSIONS MYC gene copies, centromere status and PI3K activation may adversely impact trastuzumab treated mBC patient outcome and seem worthy validating in larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Alexopoulou
- Department of Biostatistics, Health Data Specialists Ltd, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Raptou
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elpida Charalambous
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Tsolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Xanthakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Division of Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantine T Kalogeras
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Translational Research Section, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Data Office, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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45
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Green AR, Aleskandarany MA, Agarwal D, Elsheikh S, Nolan CC, Diez-Rodriguez M, Macmillan RD, Ball GR, Caldas C, Madhusudan S, Ellis IO, Rakha EA. MYC functions are specific in biological subtypes of breast cancer and confers resistance to endocrine therapy in luminal tumours. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:917-28. [PMID: 26954716 PMCID: PMC4984797 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYC is amplified in approximately 15% of breast cancers (BCs) and is associated with poor outcome. c-MYC protein is multi-faceted and participates in many aspects of cellular function and is linked with therapeutic response in BCs. We hypothesised that the functional role of c-MYC differs between molecular subtypes of BCs. METHODS We therefore investigated the correlation between c-MYC protein expression and other proteins involved in different cellular functions together with clinicopathological parameters, patients' outcome and treatments in a large early-stage molecularly characterised series of primary invasive BCs (n=1106) using immunohistochemistry. The METABRIC BC cohort (n=1980) was evaluated for MYC mRNA expression and a systems biology approach utilised to identify genes associated with MYC in the different BC molecular subtypes. RESULTS High MYC and c-MYC expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors, including grade and basal-like BCs. In luminal A tumours, c-MYC was associated with ATM (P=0.005), Cyclin B1 (P=0.002), PIK3CA (P=0.009) and Ki67 (P<0.001). In contrast, in basal-like tumours, c-MYC showed positive association with Cyclin E (P=0.003) and p16 (P=0.042) expression only. c-MYC was an independent predictor of a shorter distant metastases-free survival in luminal A LN+ tumours treated with endocrine therapy (ET; P=0.013). In luminal tumours treated with ET, MYC mRNA expression was associated with BC-specific survival (P=0.001). In ER-positive tumours, MYC was associated with expression of translational genes while in ER-negative tumours it was associated with upregulation of glucose metabolism genes. CONCLUSIONS c-MYC function is associated with specific molecular subtypes of BCs and its overexpression confers resistance to ET. The diverse mechanisms of c-MYC function in the different molecular classes of BCs warrants further investigation particularly as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Somaia Elsheikh
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Christopher C Nolan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - R Douglas Macmillan
- Breast Institute, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Graham R Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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46
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Cell type of origin as well as genetic alterations contribute to breast cancer phenotypes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9018-30. [PMID: 25940703 PMCID: PMC4496199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is classified into different subtypes that are associated with different patient survival outcomes, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of precursor cell and genetic alterations in determining tumor subtypes. In this study, we evaluated the oncogenic phenotype of two distinct mammary stem/progenitor cell types designated as K5+/K19− or K5+/K19+ upon introduction of identical combinations of oncogenes-mutant H-Ras (mRas) and mutant p53 (mp53), together with either wild-type ErbB2(wtErbB2) or wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR). We examined their tumor forming and metastasis potential, using both in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Both the combinations efficiently transformed K5+/K19− or K5+/K19+ cells. Xenograft tumors formed by these cells were histologically heterogeneous, with variable proportions of luminal, basal-like and claudin-low type components depending on the cell types and oncogene combinations. Notably, K5+/K19− cells transformed with mRas/mp53/wtEGFR combination had a significantly longer latency for primary tumor development than other cell lines but more lung metastasis incidence than same cells expressing mRas/mp53/wtErbB2. K5+/K19+ cells exhibit shorter overall tumor latency, and high metastatic potential than K5+/K19− cells, suggesting that these K19+ progenitors are more susceptible to oncogenesis and metastasis. Our results suggest that both genetic alterations and cell type of origin contribute to oncogenic phenotype of breast tumors.
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47
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Wang WJ, Lei YY, Mei JH, Wang CL. Recent progress in HER2 associated breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2591-600. [PMID: 25854334 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide among women and the second most common cancer. Approximately 15-23% of breast cancers over-express human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2), a 185-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase, which is mainly found at the cell surface of tumor cells. HER2-positive breast cancer, featuring amplification of HER2/neu and negative expression of ER and PR, has the three following characteristics: rapid tumor growth, lower survival rate, and better response to adjuvant therapies. Clinically, it is notable for its role in a pathogenesis that is associated with increased disease recurrence and acts as a worse prognosis. At the same time, it represents a good target for anti-cancer immunotherapy despite the prevalence of drug resistance. New treatments are a major topic of research, and a brighter future can be expected. This review discusses the role of HER2 in breast cancer, therapeutic modalities available and prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China E-mail : ;
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48
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Qiu H, Jackson AL, Kilgore JE, Zhong Y, Chan LLY, Gehrig PA, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. JQ1 suppresses tumor growth through downregulating LDHA in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6915-30. [PMID: 25762632 PMCID: PMC4466659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of c-Myc is commonly seen in human ovarian cancers, and this could be a potentially novel therapeutic target for this disease. JQ1, a selective small-molecule BET bromodomain (BRDs) inhibitor, has been found to suppress tumor progression in several cancer cell types. Using ovarian cancer cell lines, a transgenic mouse model, and primary cell cultures from human ovarian cancer tissues, we demonstrated that JQ1 significantly suppressed cellular proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells and mouse model via targeting c-Myc. In addition, JQ1 had multiple influences on cancer metabolism, particularly in the aerobic glycolysis pathway. JQ1 reduced both the activity and phosphorylation of LDHA, inhibited lactate production, and decreased the energy supply to ovarian cancer cell lines and tumors. Taken together, our findings suggest that JQ1 is an efficacious anti-tumor agent in ovarian cancer that is associated with cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and alterations of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda L Jackson
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua E Kilgore
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Division of Gynecological Oncology, Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276001, China
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | - Paola A Gehrig
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Linberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Linberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Linberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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49
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Lawson MA, McDonald MM, Kovacic N, Hua Khoo W, Terry RL, Down J, Kaplan W, Paton-Hough J, Fellows C, Pettitt JA, Neil Dear T, Van Valckenborgh E, Baldock PA, Rogers MJ, Eaton CL, Vanderkerken K, Pettit AR, Quinn JMW, Zannettino ACW, Phan TG, Croucher PI. Osteoclasts control reactivation of dormant myeloma cells by remodelling the endosteal niche. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8983. [PMID: 26632274 PMCID: PMC4686867 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is largely incurable, despite development of therapies that target myeloma cell-intrinsic pathways. Disease relapse is thought to originate from dormant myeloma cells, localized in specialized niches, which resist therapy and repopulate the tumour. However, little is known about the niche, and how it exerts cell-extrinsic control over myeloma cell dormancy and reactivation. In this study, we track individual myeloma cells by intravital imaging as they colonize the endosteal niche, enter a dormant state and subsequently become activated to form colonies. We demonstrate that dormancy is a reversible state that is switched ‘on' by engagement with bone-lining cells or osteoblasts, and switched ‘off' by osteoclasts remodelling the endosteal niche. Dormant myeloma cells are resistant to chemotherapy that targets dividing cells. The demonstration that the endosteal niche is pivotal in controlling myeloma cell dormancy highlights the potential for targeting cell-extrinsic mechanisms to overcome cell-intrinsic drug resistance and prevent disease relapse. Therapy resistant dormant myeloma cells contribute to disease relapse. Here, the authors use intravital microscopy to track the location of these cells and demonstrate that they hone to the endosteal niche within the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Lawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Natasa Kovacic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rachael L Terry
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jenny Down
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Julia Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Clair Fellows
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - T Neil Dear
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Colby L Eaton
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK.,Department of Human Metabolism and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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50
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Zhang X, Xu Y, He C, Guo X, Zhang J, He C, Zhang L, Kong M, Chen B, Zhu C. Elevated expression of CCAT2 is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:834-9. [PMID: 25919911 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES CCAT2, a novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), is found to promote the metastasis and invasion of colon, lung, and breast cancers. This study aimed to investigate the level of CCAT2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to elucidate its clinical significance. METHODS The expression level of CCAT2 and the status of MYC amplification were examined in 229 ESCC samples using quantitative real- time PCR. RESULTS CCAT2 was upregulated in ESCC tissues, especially in cases with lymph node metastasis (LNM), advanced TNM stages, and MYC amplification. Furthermore, the level of CCAT2 was positively correlated with TNM stages, LNM, and the number of positive lymph nodes. High CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with TNM stages and LNM. Survival analyses revealed that high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification were significantly associated with poorer overall survival in ESCC patients. Furthermore, patients with high CCAT2 expression and MYC amplification had a 2.199-fold increased risk of death compared with those with low CCAT2 expression and MYC non-amplification. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence associating CCAT2 expression and poor survival in ESCC. CCAT2 may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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