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Begagić E, Bečulić H, Džidić-Krivić A, Kadić Vukas S, Hadžić S, Mekić-Abazović A, Šegalo S, Papić E, Muchai Echengi E, Pugonja R, Kasapović T, Kavgić D, Nuhović A, Juković-Bihorac F, Đuričić S, Pojskić M. Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2089. [PMID: 38893207 PMCID: PMC11171068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the development, progression, and therapeutic potential of glioblastomas. METHODOLOGY The study, following PRISMA guidelines, systematically examined hypoxia and HIFs in glioblastoma using MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 104 relevant studies underwent data extraction. RESULTS Among the 104 studies, global contributions were diverse, with China leading at 23.1%. The most productive year was 2019, accounting for 11.5%. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) was frequently studied, followed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2α), osteopontin, and cavolin-1. Commonly associated factors and pathways include glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF expression correlates with various glioblastoma hallmarks, including progression, survival, neovascularization, glucose metabolism, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION Overcoming challenges such as treatment resistance and the absence of biomarkers is critical for the effective integration of HIF-related therapies into the treatment of glioblastoma with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Begagić
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hakija Bečulić
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Džidić-Krivić
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (S.K.V.)
| | - Samra Kadić Vukas
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (S.K.V.)
| | - Semir Hadžić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Mekić-Abazović
- Department of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sabina Šegalo
- Department of Laboratory Technologies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.Š.); (E.P.)
| | - Emsel Papić
- Department of Laboratory Technologies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.Š.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanuel Muchai Echengi
- College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi 43844-00100, Kenya
| | - Ragib Pugonja
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tarik Kasapović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dalila Kavgić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adem Nuhović
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Fatima Juković-Bihorac
- Department of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Slaviša Đuričić
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Mirza Pojskić
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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Kubelt C, Gilles L, Hellmold D, Blumenbecker T, Peschke E, Will O, Ahmeti H, Hövener JB, Jansen O, Lucius R, Synowitz M, Held-Feindt J. Temporal and regional expression changes and co-staining patterns of metabolic and stemness-related markers during glioblastoma progression. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38708527 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are characterized by high heterogeneity, involving diverse cell types, including those with stem-like features contributing to GBM's malignancy. Moreover, metabolic alterations promote growth and therapeutic resistance of GBM. Depending on the metabolic state, antimetabolic treatments could be an effective strategy. Against this background, we investigated temporal and regional expression changes and co-staining patterns of selected metabolic markers [pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 1/2 (PKM1/2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylate transporter 1/4 (MCT1/4)] in a rodent model and patient-derived samples of GBM. To understand the cellular sources of marker expression, we also examined the connection of metabolic markers to markers related to stemness [Nestin, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)] in a regional and temporal context. Rat tumour biopsies revealed a temporally increasing expression of GLUT1, higher expression of MCT1/4, Nestin and KLF4, and lower expression of PKM1 compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Patient-derived tumours showed a higher expression of PKM2 and Nestin in the tumour centre vs. edge. Whereas rare co-staining of GLUT1/Nestin was found in tumour biopsies, PKM1/2 and MCT1/4 showed a more distinct co-staining with Nestin in rats and humans. KLF4 was mainly co-stained with GLUT1, MCT1 and PKM1/2 in rat and human tumours. All metabolic markers yielded individual co-staining patterns among themselves. Co-staining mainly occurred later in tumour progression and was more pronounced in tumour centres. Also, positive correlations were found amongst markers that showed co-staining. Our results highlight a link between metabolic alterations and stemness in GBM progression, with complex distinctions depending on studied markers, time points and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kubelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Gilles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Hellmold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tjorven Blumenbecker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hajrullah Ahmeti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olav Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Mishra SK, Santana JG, Mihailovic J, Hyder F, Coman D. Transmembrane pH gradient imaging in rodent glioma models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5102. [PMID: 38263680 PMCID: PMC10987279 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A unique feature of the tumor microenvironment is extracellular acidosis in relation to intracellular milieu. Metabolic reprogramming in tumors results in overproduction of H+ ions (and lactate), which are extruded from the cells to support tumor survival and progression. As a result, the transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH), representing the difference between intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe), is posited to be larger in tumors compared with normal tissue. Controlling the transmembrane pH difference has promise as a potential therapeutic target in cancer as it plays an important role in regulating drug delivery into cells. The current study shows successful development of an MRI/MRSI-based technique that provides ΔpH imaging at submillimeter resolution. We applied this technique to image ΔpH in rat brains with RG2 and U87 gliomas, as well as in mouse brains with GL261 gliomas. pHi was measured with Amine and Amide Concentration-Independent Detection (AACID), while pHe was measured with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS). The results indicate that pHi was slightly higher in tumors (7.40-7.43 in rats, 7.39-7.47 in mice) compared with normal brain (7.30-7.38 in rats, 7.32-7.36 in mice), while pHe was significantly lower in tumors (6.62-6.76 in rats, 6.74-6.84 in mice) compared with normal tissue (7.17-7.22 in rats, 7.20-7.21 in mice). As a result, ΔpH was higher in tumors (0.64-0.81 in rats, 0.62-0.65 in mice) compared with normal brain (0.13-0.16 in rats, 0.13-0.16 in mice). This work establishes an MRI/MRSI-based platform for ΔpH imaging at submillimeter resolution in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jelena Mihailovic
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Hawly J, Murcar MG, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Issa ME. Glioblastoma stem cell metabolism and immunity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10183-w. [PMID: 38530545 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite enormous efforts being invested in the development of novel therapies for brain malignancies, there remains a dire need for effective treatments, particularly for pediatric glioblastomas. Their poor prognosis has been attributed to the fact that conventional therapies target tumoral cells, but not glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized by self-renewal, tumorigenicity, poor differentiation, and resistance to therapy. These characteristics represent the fundamental tools needed to recapitulate the tumor and result in a relapse. The mechanisms by which GSCs alter metabolic cues and escape elimination by immune cells are discussed in this article, along with potential strategies to harness effector immune cells against GSCs. As cellular immunotherapy is making significant advances in a variety of cancers, leveraging this underexplored reservoir may result in significant improvements in the treatment options for brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hawly
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Dekouaneh, Lebanon
| | - Micaela G Murcar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark E Issa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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5
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Trejo-Solis C, Silva-Adaya D, Serrano-García N, Magaña-Maldonado R, Jimenez-Farfan D, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Cruz-Salgado A, Castillo-Rodriguez RA. Role of Glycolytic and Glutamine Metabolism Reprogramming on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis Resistance through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17633. [PMID: 38139462 PMCID: PMC10744281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells exhibit genetic and metabolic alterations that affect the deregulation of several cellular signal transduction pathways, including those related to glucose metabolism. Moreover, oncogenic signaling pathways induce the expression of metabolic genes, increasing the metabolic enzyme activities and thus the critical biosynthetic pathways to generate nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, which provide energy and metabolic intermediates that are essential to accomplish the biosynthetic needs of glioma cells. In this review, we aim to explore how dysregulated metabolic enzymes and their metabolites from primary metabolism pathways in glioblastoma (GBM) such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis modulate anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways as well as pro-oncogenic signaling and contribute to the formation, survival, growth, and malignancy of glioma cells. Also, we discuss promising therapeutic strategies by targeting the key players in metabolic regulation. Therefore, the knowledge of metabolic reprogramming is necessary to fully understand the biology of malignant gliomas to improve patient survival significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (D.S.-A.); (N.S.-G.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Ferreira-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (E.F.-G.); (A.C.-S.)
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Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:431. [PMID: 37981648 PMCID: PMC10658171 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From the research history and milestone events related to hypoxia in cardiovascular development and diseases, The "hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) switch" can be observed from both temporal and spatial perspectives, encompassing the occurrence and progression of hypoxia (gradual decline in oxygen concentration), the acute and chronic manifestations of hypoxia, and the geographical characteristics of hypoxia (natural selection at high altitudes). Furthermore, hypoxia signaling pathways are associated with natural rhythms, such as diurnal and hibernation processes. In addition to innate factors and natural selection, it has been found that epigenetics, as a postnatal factor, profoundly influences the hypoxic response and progression within the cardiovascular system. Within this intricate process, interactions between different tissues and organs within the cardiovascular system and other systems in the context of hypoxia signaling pathways have been established. Thus, it is the time to summarize and to construct a multi-level regulatory framework of hypoxia signaling and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases for developing more therapeutic targets and make reasonable advancements in clinical research, including FDA-approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials, to guide future clinical practice in the field of hypoxia signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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7
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Tiwari R, Sharma R, Rajendran G, Borkowski GS, An SY, Schonfeld M, O’Sullivan J, Schipma MJ, Zhou Y, Courbon G, David V, Quaggin SE, Thorp E, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Post-ischemic inactivation of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in endothelium promotes maladaptive kidney repair by inducing glycolysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560700. [PMID: 37873349 PMCID: PMC10592920 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Impaired endothelial cell (EC) functions are thought to contribute in AKI to CKD transition, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for endothelial oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes 1-3 in regulating post-ischemic kidney repair. In renal endothelium, we observed compartment-specific differences in the expression of the three PHD isoforms in both mice and humans. We found that post-ischemic concurrent inactivation of endothelial PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 but not PHD2 alone promoted maladaptive kidney repair characterized by exacerbated tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the post-ischemic endothelial PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 deficient (PHDTiEC) kidney revealed an endothelial glycolytic transcriptional signature, also observed in human kidneys with severe AKI. This metabolic program was coupled to upregulation of the SLC16A3 gene encoding the lactate exporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). Strikingly, treatment with the MCT4 inhibitor syrosingopine restored adaptive kidney repair in PHDTiEC mice. Mechanistically, MCT4 inhibition suppressed pro-inflammatory EC activation reducing monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Our findings suggest avenues for halting AKI to CKD transition based on selectively targeting the endothelial hypoxia-driven glycolysis/MCT4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Gabriella S. Borkowski
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Young An
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James O’Sullivan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Thorp
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Singh M, Afonso J, Sharma D, Gupta R, Kumar V, Rani R, Baltazar F, Kumar V. Targeting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in cancer: How close are we to the clinics? Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 90:1-14. [PMID: 36706846 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As a result of metabolic reprogramming, cancer cells display high rates of glycolysis, causing an excess production of lactate along with an increase in extracellular acidity. Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are crucial in the maintenance of this metabolic phenotype, by mediating the proton-coupled lactate flux across cell membranes, also contributing to cancer cell pH regulation. Among the proteins codified by the SLC16 gene family, MCT1 and MCT4 isoforms are the most explored in cancers, being overexpressed in many cancer types, from solid tumours to haematological malignancies. Similarly to what occurs in particular physiological settings, MCT1 and MCT4 are able to mediate lactate shuttles among cancer cells, and also between cancer and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. This form of metabolic cooperation is responsible for important cancer aggressiveness features, such as cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, immune tolerance and therapy resistance. The growing understanding of MCT functions and regulation is offering a new path to the design of novel inhibitors that can be foreseen in clinical practices. This review provides an overview of the role of MCT isoforms in cancer and summarizes the recent advances in their pharmacological targeting, highlighting the potential of new potent and selective MCT1 and/or MCT4 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics, and anticipating its inclusion in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Singh
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Dolly Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University UP, Sector-125, Noida, India-201313
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, DBG College, Sector-18, Panipat, Haryana, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Drug Discovery, Jubilant Biosys, Greater Noida 201306, UP, India.
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research Amity, University UP, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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9
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Spina R, Mills I, Ahmad F, Chen C, Ames HM, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. DHODH inhibition impedes glioma stem cell proliferation, induces DNA damage, and prolongs survival in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. Oncogene 2022; 41:5361-5372. [PMID: 36344676 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) promote tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and exhibit remarkable bioenergetic and metabolic plasticity, a phenomenon that has been linked to their ability to escape standard and targeted therapies. However, specific mechanisms that promote therapeutic resistance have been somewhat elusive. We hypothesized that because GSCs proliferate continuously, they may require the salvage and de novo nucleotide synthesis pathways to satisfy their bioenergetic needs. Here, we demonstrate that GSCs lacking EGFR (or EGFRvIII) amplification are exquisitely sensitive to de novo pyrimidine synthesis perturbations, while GSCs that amplify EGFR are utterly resistant. Furthermore, we show that EGFRvIII promotes BAY2402234 resistance in otherwise BAY2402234 responsive GSCs. Remarkably, a novel, orally bioavailable, blood-brain-barrier penetrating, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor BAY2402234 was found to abrogate GSC proliferation, block cell-cycle progression, and induce DNA damage and apoptosis. When dosed daily by oral gavage, BAY2402234 significantly impaired the growth of two different intracranial human glioblastoma xenograft models in mice. Given this observed efficacy and the previously established safety profiles in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials, the clinical testing of BAY2402234 in patients with primary glioblastoma that lacks EGFR amplification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Seliger C, Meyer AL, Leidgens V, Rauer L, Moeckel S, Jachnik B, Proske J, Dettmer K, Rothhammer-Hampl T, Kaulen LD, Riemenschneider MJ, Oefner PJ, Kreutz M, Schmidt NO, Merrill M, Uhl M, Renner K, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Proescholdt M, Hau P. Metabolic Heterogeneity of Brain Tumor Cells of Proneural and Mesenchymal Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911629. [PMID: 36232951 PMCID: PMC9569970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) of proneural and mesenchymal origin contribute to the highly malignant phenotype of glioblastoma (GB) and resistance to current therapies. BTICs of different subtypes were challenged with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition with metformin to assess the differential effects of metabolic intervention on key resistance features. Whereas mesenchymal BTICs varied according to their invasiveness, they were in general more glycolytic and less responsive to metformin. Proneural BTICs were less invasive, catabolized glucose more via the pentose phosphate pathway, and responded better to metformin. Targeting glycolysis may be a promising approach to inhibit tumor cells of mesenchymal origin, whereas proneural cells are more responsive to OXPHOS inhibition. Future clinical trials exploring metabolic interventions should account for metabolic heterogeneity of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Seliger
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-7507
| | - Anne-Louise Meyer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rauer
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Moeckel
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Jachnik
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Proske
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Leon D. Kaulen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils-Ole Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marsha Merrill
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin Uhl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Effect of Lactate Export Inhibition on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Growth and Metabolism. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:1044-1050. [PMID: 35703795 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy without effective treatments. ATC cells demonstrate upregulated glycolysis (Warburg effect), generating lactate that is subsequently exported by monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). This study aims to determine whether MCT4 inhibition can suppress ATC growth. STUDY DESIGN ATC cell lines 8505C, JL30, and TCO1 were grown in low (3 mmol/L; LG) or high (25 mmol/L; HG) glucose medium containing the lactate shuttle inhibitors acriflavine (10-25 μmol/L; ACF), syrosingopine (100 µmol/L; SYR), or AZD3965 (20 µmol/L; AZD). Lactate level and cell proliferation were measured with standard assays. Seahorse analysis was performed to determine glycolytic response. RESULTS Compared with HG, addition of ACF to LG decreased lactate secretion for both 8505C (p < 10-5) and JL30 (p < 10-4) cells, whereas proliferation was also reduced (p < 10-4 and 10-5, respectively). During Seahorse analysis, addition of oligomycin increased acidification by 84 mpH/min in HG vs 10 mpH/min in LG containing ACF (p < 10-5). Treatment with LG and SYR drastically diminished 8505C and TCO1 growth vs HG (p < 0.01 for both). LG and AZD treatment also led to reduced proliferation in tested cell lines (p ≤ 0.01 for all) that was further decreased by addition of ACF (p < 10-4 vs HG, p ≤ 0.01 vs LG and AZD). CONCLUSION Inhibition of lactate shuttles significantly reduced proliferation and glycolytic capacity of ATC cells in a low-glucose environment. Targeting suppression of glycolytic and lactate processing pathways may represent an effective treatment strategy for ATC.
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Regulation of Transactivation at C-TAD Domain of HIF-1α by Factor-Inhibiting HIF-1α (FIH-1): A Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2407223. [PMID: 35592530 PMCID: PMC9113874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2407223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) is a major transcription factor that adapts to low oxygen homeostasis and regulates the expression of several hypoxic genes, which aid in cancer survival and development. It has recently piqued the interest of translational researchers in the disciplines of cancer sciences. Hypoxia triggers an ample adaptive mechanism mediated via the HIF-1α transcriptional domain. Anaerobic glycolysis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and mitophagy are adaptive mechanisms that support tumor survival by promoting oxygen supply and regulating oxygen demand in hypoxic tumor cells. Throughout this pathway, the factor-inhibiting HIF-1α is a negative regulator of HIF-1α leading to its hydroxylation at the C-TAD domain of HIF-1α under normoxia. Thus, hydroxylated HIF-1α is unable to proceed with the transcriptional events due to interference in binding of C-TAD and CBP/p300. From this review, we can hypothesize that remodeling of FIH-1 activity is a unique mechanism that decreases the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α and, as a result, all of its hypoxic consequences. Hence, this review manuscript details the depth of knowledge of FIH-1 on hypoxia-associated cellular and molecular events, a potential strategy for targeting hypoxia-induced malignancies.
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Lactate Supply from Astrocytes to Neurons and its Role in Ischemic Stroke-induced Neurodegeneration. Neuroscience 2022; 481:219-231. [PMID: 34843897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transported to the brain is metabolized to lactate in astrocytes and supplied to neuronal cells via a monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT). Lactate is used in neuronal cells for various functions, including learning and memory formation. Furthermore, lactate can block stroke-induced neurodegeneration. We aimed to clarify the effect of astrocyte-produced lactate on stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Previously published in vivo and in vitro animal and cell studies, respectively, were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Under physiological conditions, lactate production and release by astrocytes are regulated by changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MCT expression. Moreover, considering stroke, lactate production and supply are regulated through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression, especially with hypoxic stimulation, which may promote neuronal apoptosis; contrastingly, neuronal survival may be promoted via HIF-1α. Stroke stimulation could prevent neurodegeneration through the strong enhancement of lactate production, as well as upregulation of MCT4 expression to accelerate lactate supply. However, studies using astrocytes derived from animal stroke models revealed significantly reduced lactate production and MCT expression. These findings suggest that the lack of lactate supply may strongly contribute to hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration. Furthermore, diminished lactate supply from astrocytes could facilitate stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Therefore, astrocyte-derived lactate may contribute to stroke prevention.
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14
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Nguyen YTK, Ha HTT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen LN. The role of SLC transporters for brain health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:20. [PMID: 34971415 PMCID: PMC11071821 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The brain exchanges nutrients and small molecules with blood via the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Approximately 20% energy intake for the body is consumed by the brain. Glucose is known for its critical roles for energy production and provides substrates for biogenesis in neurons. The brain takes up glucose via glucose transporters GLUT1 and 3, which are expressed in several neural cell types. The brain is also equipped with various transport systems for acquiring amino acids, lactate, ketone bodies, lipids, and cofactors for neuronal functions. Unraveling the mechanisms by which the brain takes up and metabolizes these nutrients will be key in understanding the nutritional requirements in the brain. This could also offer opportunities for therapeutic interventions in several neurological disorders. For instance, emerging evidence suggests a critical role of lactate as an alternative energy source for neurons. Neuronal cells express monocarboxylic transporters to acquire lactate. As such, treatment of GLUT1-deficient patients with ketogenic diets to provide the brain with alternative sources of energy has been shown to improve the health of the patients. Many transporters are present in the brain, but only a small number has been characterized. In this review, we will discuss about the roles of solute carrier (SLC) transporters at the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neural cells, in transport of nutrients and metabolites in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Hoa T T Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Tra H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- SLING/Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Immunology Translational and Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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15
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Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Single Cell Genomics Identifies Unique Cardioprotective Phenotype of Stem Cells derived from Epicardial Adipose Tissue under Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:294-335. [PMID: 34661829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The conventional management strategies of myocardial infarction (MI) are effective to sustain life; however, myocardial regeneration has not been achieved owing to the inherently poor regenerative capacity of the native myocardium. Stem cell-based therapies are promising; however, lineage specificity and undesired differentiation profile are challenging. Herein, we focused on the epicardial fat (EF) as an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to the proximity and same microvasculature with cardiac muscle. Unfortunately, the epicardial adipose tissue derived stem cells (EATDS) remain understudied regarding their phenotype heterogeneity and cardiac regeneration potential. As EF closely reflects the cardiac pathology during ischemia, the present study aims to determine the EATDS subpopulations under simulated ischemic and reperfused conditions employing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). EATDS were isolated from three hyperlipidemic Yucatan microswine and were divided into Control, Ischemia (ISC), and Ischemia/reperfusion (ISC/R). The scRNAseq analysis was performed using 10 genomics platform which revealed 18 unique cell clusters suggesting the existence of heterogeneous phenotypes. The upregulated genes were taken into consideration and subsequent functional assessment revealed the cardioprotective phenotypes with diverse mechanisms including epigenetic regulation (Cluster 1), myocardial homeostasis (Cluster 1), cell integrity and cell cycle (Clusters 2 and 3), prevention of fibroblast differentiation (Cluster 4), differentiation to myocardial lineage (Cluster 6), anti-inflammatory responses (Clusters 5, 8, and 11), prevention of ER-stress (Cluster 9), and increasing the energy metabolism (Cluster 10). These unique phenotypes of heterogeneous EATDS population open significant translational opportunities for myocardial regeneration and cardiac management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
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16
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Nadai T, Narumi K, Furugen A, Saito Y, Iseki K, Kobayashi M. Pharmacological Inhibition of MCT4 Reduces 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Sensitivity by Increasing HIF-1α Protein Expression in ER-Positive MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1247-1253. [PMID: 34471053 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The rate of glycolysis in cancer cells is higher than that of normal cells owing to high energy demands, which results in the production of excess lactate. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), especially MCT1 and MCT4, play a critical role in maintaining an appropriate pH environment through lactate transport, and their high expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Thus, we hypothesized that inhibition of MCTs is a promising therapeutic target for adjuvant breast cancer treatment. We investigated the effect of MCT inhibition in combination with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), an active metabolite of tamoxifen, using two estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. Lactate transport was investigated in cellular uptake studies. The cytotoxicity of 4-OHT was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In both cell lines evaluated, MCT1 and MCT4 were constitutively expressed at the mRNA and protein levels. [14C]-L-lactate uptake by both cells was significantly inhibited by bindarit, a selective MCT4 inhibitor, but weakly affected by 5-oxoploline (5-OP), a selective MCT1 inhibitor. The results of the MTT assay showed that combination with bindarit, but not 5-OP, decreased 4-OHT sensitivity. Bindarit significantly increased the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, HIF-1α knockdown significantly increased 4-OHT sensitivity, whereas induction of HIF-1α by hypoxia decreased 4-OHT sensitivity in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, pharmacological MCT4 inhibition confers resistance to 4-OHT rather than sensitivity, by increasing HIF-1α protein levels. In addition, HIF-1α inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing 4-OHT sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Nadai
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Hypoxia, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Drug Resistance in Liver Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071715. [PMID: 34359884 PMCID: PMC8304710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia contributes to drug resistance in cancer through various molecular mechanisms. In this review, we particularly focus on the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated metabolic reprogramming in drug resistance in HCC. Combination therapies targeting hypoxia-induced metabolic enzymes to overcome drug resistance will also be summarized. Acquisition of drug resistance is the major cause of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of existing HCC treatments. Extra efforts to identify novel mechanisms to combat refractory hypoxic HCC are warranted for the development of more effective treatment regimens for HCC patients.
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The Acidic Brain-Glycolytic Switch in the Microenvironment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115518. [PMID: 34073734 PMCID: PMC8197239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a fatal disease with a poor prognosis and development of resistance mechanisms against conventional therapeutic approaches. The distinct tumor zones of this heterogeneous neoplasm develop their own microenvironment, in which subpopulations of cancer cells communicate. Adaptation to hypoxia in the center of the expanding tumor mass leads to the glycolytic and angiogenic switch, accompanied by upregulation of different glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and other metabolites. These processes render the tumor microenvironment more acidic, remodel the extracellular matrix, and create energy gradients for the metabolic communication between different cancer cells in distinct tumor zones. Escape mechanisms from hypoxia-induced cell death and energy deprivation are the result. The functional consequences are more aggressive and malignant behavior with enhanced proliferation and survival, migration and invasiveness, and the induction of angiogenesis. In this review, we go from the biochemical principles of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis over the glycolytic switch, regulated by the key transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, to other important metabolic players like the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)1 and 4. We discuss the metabolic symbiosis model via lactate shuttling in the acidic tumor microenvironment and highlight the functional consequences of the glycolytic switch on glioma malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrate regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and the connection between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and glycolytic metabolism. Finally, we give an outlook about the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the glycolytic switch and the relation to tumor immunity in malignant glioma.
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MCT4 Promotes Tumor Malignancy in F98 Glioma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6655529. [PMID: 33936203 PMCID: PMC8060090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4, SLC16A3) is elevated under hypoxic conditions in many malignant tumors including gliomas. Moreover, MCT4 expression is associated with shorter overall survival. However, the functional consequences of MCT4 expression on the distinct hallmarks of cancer have not yet been explored at the cellular level. Here, we investigated the impact of MCT4 overexpression on proliferation, survival, cell death, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in F98 glioma cells. Stable F98 glioma cell lines with MCT4 overexpression, normal expression, and knockdown were generated. Distinct hallmarks of cancer were examined using in silico analysis, various in vitro cell culture assays, and ex vivo organotypic rat brain slice culture model. Consistent with its function as lactate and proton exporter, MCT4 expression levels correlated inversely with extracellular pH and proportionally with extracellular lactate concentrations. Our results further indicate that MCT4 promotes proliferation and survival by altered cell cycle regulation and cell death mechanisms. Moreover, MCT4 overexpression enhances cell migration and invasiveness via reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, MCT4 inhibition mitigates the induction of angiogenesis, suggesting that MCT4 also plays a crucial role in tumor-related angiogenesis. In summary, our data highlight MCT4/SLC16A3 as a key gene for distinct hallmarks of tumor malignancy in glioma cells.
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20
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Prochownik EV, Wang H. The Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate in Normal and Neoplastic Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040762. [PMID: 33808495 PMCID: PMC8066905 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate occupies a central metabolic node by virtue of its position at the crossroads of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and its production and fate being governed by numerous cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The former includes the cell’s type, redox state, ATP content, metabolic requirements and the activities of other metabolic pathways. The latter include the extracellular oxygen concentration, pH and nutrient levels, which are in turn governed by the vascular supply. Within this context, we discuss the six pathways that influence pyruvate content and utilization: 1. The lactate dehydrogenase pathway that either converts excess pyruvate to lactate or that regenerates pyruvate from lactate for use as a fuel or biosynthetic substrate; 2. The alanine pathway that generates alanine and other amino acids; 3. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pathway that provides acetyl-CoA, the TCA cycle’s initial substrate; 4. The pyruvate carboxylase reaction that anaplerotically supplies oxaloacetate; 5. The malic enzyme pathway that also links glycolysis and the TCA cycle and generates NADPH to support lipid bio-synthesis; and 6. The acetate bio-synthetic pathway that converts pyruvate directly to acetate. The review discusses the mechanisms controlling these pathways, how they cross-talk and how they cooperate and are regulated to maximize growth and achieve metabolic and energetic harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(412)-692-6795
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
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21
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Cluntun AA, Badolia R, Lettlova S, Parnell KM, Shankar TS, Diakos NA, Olson KA, Taleb I, Tatum SM, Berg JA, Cunningham CN, Van Ry T, Bott AJ, Krokidi AT, Fogarty S, Skedros S, Swiatek WI, Yu X, Luo B, Merx S, Navankasattusas S, Cox JE, Ducker GS, Holland WL, McKellar SH, Rutter J, Drakos SG. The pyruvate-lactate axis modulates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cell Metab 2021; 33:629-648.e10. [PMID: 33333007 PMCID: PMC7933116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic rewiring of cardiomyocytes is a widely accepted hallmark of heart failure (HF). These metabolic changes include a decrease in mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and an increased export of lactate. We identify the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and the cellular lactate exporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) as pivotal nodes in this metabolic axis. We observed that cardiac assist device-induced myocardial recovery in chronic HF patients was coincident with increased myocardial expression of the MPC. Moreover, the genetic ablation of the MPC in cultured cardiomyocytes and in adult murine hearts was sufficient to induce hypertrophy and HF. Conversely, MPC overexpression attenuated drug-induced hypertrophy in a cell-autonomous manner. We also introduced a novel, highly potent MCT4 inhibitor that mitigated hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes and in mice. Together, we find that alteration of the pyruvate-lactate axis is a fundamental and early feature of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Cluntun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sandra Lettlova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - K Mark Parnell
- Vettore Biosciences, 1700 Owens Street Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thirupura S Shankar
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Diakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristofor A Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Iosif Taleb
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jordan A Berg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Tyler Van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alex J Bott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Aspasia Thodou Krokidi
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah Fogarty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Sophia Skedros
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wojciech I Swiatek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Xuejing Yu
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Bai Luo
- Drug Discovery Core Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon Merx
- Vettore Biosciences, 1700 Owens Street Suite 515, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sutip Navankasattusas
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gregory S Ducker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stephen H McKellar
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA (Veterans Affairs) Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; U.T.A.H. (Utah Transplant Affiliated Hospitals) Cardiac Transplant Program: University of Utah Healthcare and School of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake VA (Veterans Affairs) Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Targeting lactate production and efflux in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165894. [PMID: 32650130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Screening and management of PCa remain controversial and, therefore, the discovery of novel molecular biomarkers is urgently needed. Alteration in cancer cell metabolism is a recognized hallmark of cancer, whereby cancer cells exhibit high glycolytic rates with subsequent lactate production, regardless of oxygen availability. To maintain the hyperglycolytic phenotype, cancer cells efficiently export lactate through the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4. The impact of inhibiting lactate production/extrusion on PCa cell survival and aggressiveness was investigated in vitro and ex vivo using primary tumor and metastatic PCa cell lines and the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. In this study, we showed the metastatic PCa cell line (DU125) displayed higher expression levels of MCT1/4 isoforms and glycolysis-related markers than the localized prostate tumor-derived cell line (22RV1), indicating these proteins are differentially expressed throughout prostate malignant transformation. Moreover, disruption of lactate export by MCT1/4 silencing resulted in a decrease in PCa cell growth and motility. To support these results, we pharmacological inhibited lactate production (via inhibition of LDH) and release (via inhibition of MCTs) and a reduction in cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo was observed. In summary, our data provide evidence that MCT1 and MCT4 are important players in prostate neoplastic progression and that inhibition of lactate production/export can be explored as a strategy for PCa treatment.
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23
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Intratumoral Distribution of Lactate and the Monocarboxylate Transporters 1 and 4 in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme and Their Relationships to Tumor Progression-Associated Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176254. [PMID: 32872409 PMCID: PMC7504270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metabolic reprogramming has been postulated to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, thus representing a promising therapeutic target also in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Hypoxic tumor cells produce lactate, and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an important role in its distribution; (2) Methods: We examined the distribution of lactate by multi voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and ELISA in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. In addition, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of MCT1, MCT4, and of several markers connected to tumor progression by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence double-staining in human GBM ex vivo tissues; (3) Results: The highest lactate concentration was found at the center of the vital parts of the tumor. Three main GBM groups could be distinguished according to their regional gene expression differences of the investigated genes. MCT1 and MCT4 were found on cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition and on tumor stem-like cells. GBM cells revealing an expression of cellular dormancy markers, showed positive staining for MCT4; (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicate the existence of individual differences in the regional distribution of MCT1 and MCT4 and suggest that both transporters have distinct connections to GBM progression processes, which could contribute to the drug resistance of MCT-inhibitors.
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24
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Hallal S, Russell BP, Wei H, Lee MYT, Toon CW, Sy J, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Kaufman KL. Extracellular Vesicles from Neurosurgical Aspirates Identifies Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A as a Potential Glioblastoma Biomarker with Prognostic Significance. Proteomics 2020; 19:e1800157. [PMID: 30451371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, WHO-grade IV glioma, carries a dismal prognosis owing to its infiltrative growth and limited treatment options. Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30-1000 nm membranous particles) influence the microenvironment to mediate tumor aggressiveness and carry oncogenic cargo across the blood-brain barrier into the circulation. As such, EVs are biomarker reservoirs with enormous potential for assessing glioblastoma tumors in situ. Neurosurgical aspirates are rich sources of EVs, isolated directly from glioma microenvironments. EV proteomes enriched from glioblastoma (n = 15) and glioma grade II-III (n = 7) aspirates are compared and 298 differentially-abundant proteins (p-value < 0.00496) are identified using quantitative LC-MS/MS. Along with previously reported glioblastoma-associated biomarkers, levels of all eight subunits of the key molecular chaperone, T-complex protein 1 Ring complex (TRiC), are higher in glioblastoma-EVs, including CCT2, CCT3, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT7, and TCP1 (p < 0.00496). Analogous increases in TRiC transcript levels and DNA copy numbers are detected in silico; CCT6A has the greatest induction of expression and amplification in glioblastoma and shows a negative association with survival (p = 0.006). CCT6A is co-localized with EGFR at 7p11.2, with a strong tendency for co-amplification (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry corroborates the CCT6A proteomics measurements and indicated a potential link between EGFR and CCT6A tissue expression. Putative EV-biomarkers described here should be further assessed in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heng Wei
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maggie Yuk T Lee
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Joanne Sy
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Lai SW, Lin HJ, Liu YS, Yang LY, Lu DY. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Regulates Glioblastoma Motility and Monocyte Binding Ability. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020380. [PMID: 32045997 PMCID: PMC7073205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by severe hypoxic and acidic stress in an abnormal microenvironment. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)4, a pH-regulating protein, plays an important role in pH homeostasis of the glycolytic metabolic pathways in cancer cells. The present study showed that GBM exposure to hypoxic conditions increased MCT4 expression. We further analyzed the glioma patient database and found that MCT4 was significantly overexpressed in patients with GBM, and the MCT4 levels positively correlated with the clinico-pathological grades of gliomas. We further found that MCT4 knockdown abolished the hypoxia-enhanced of GBM cell motility and monocyte adhesion. However, the overexpression of MCT4 promoted GBM cell migration and monocyte adhesion activity. Our results also revealed that MCT4-regulated GBM cell motility and monocyte adhesion are mediated by activation of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (AKT), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways. Moreover, hypoxia mediated the acetylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 expression and regulated the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in GBM cell lines. In a GBM mouse model, MCT4 was significantly increased in the tumor necrotic tissues. These findings raise the possibility for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting MCT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair and Research Center for Biotechnology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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26
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Spina R, Voss DM, Yang X, Sohn JW, Vinkler R, Schraner J, Sloan A, Welford SM, Avril N, Ames HM, Woodworth GF, Bar EE. MCT4 regulates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in GBM in a lactate-independent manner. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdz062. [PMID: 32002519 PMCID: PMC6979491 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotic foci with surrounding hypoxic cellular pseudopalisades and microvascular hyperplasia are histological features found in glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously shown that monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is highly expressed in necrotic/hypoxic regions in GBM and that increased levels of MCT4 are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis was performed to study the effects of MCT4 depletion in hypoxic GBM neurospheres. Stable and inducible MCT4-depletion systems were used to evaluate the effects of and underlining mechanisms associated with MCT4 depletion in vitro and in vivo, alone and in combination with radiation. Results This study establishes that conditional depletion of MCT4 profoundly impairs self-renewal and reduces the frequency and tumorigenicity of aggressive, therapy-resistant, glioblastoma stem cells. Mechanistically, we observed that MCT4 depletion induces anaplerotic glutaminolysis and abrogates de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The latter results in a dramatic increase in DNA damage and apoptotic cell death, phenotypes that were readily rescued by pyrimidine nucleosides supplementation. Consequently, we found that MCT4 depletion promoted a significant prolongation of survival of animals bearing established orthotopic xenografts, an effect that was extended by adjuvant treatment with focused radiation. Conclusions Our findings establish a novel role for MCT4 as a critical regulator of cellular deoxyribonucleotide levels and provide a new therapeutic direction related to MCT4 depletion in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Vinkler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julianna Schraner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Norbert Avril
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Khammanivong A, Saha J, Spartz AK, Sorenson BS, Bush AG, Korpela DM, Gopalakrishnan R, Jonnalagadda S, Mereddy VR, O'Brien TD, Drewes LR, Dickerson EB. A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:324-341. [PMID: 31661586 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD-1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD-1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum-based chemotherapies. While MD-1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT-independent activity. In vivo, MD-1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD-1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jhuma Saha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Angela K Spartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brent S Sorenson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Alexander G Bush
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Derek M Korpela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Raj Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Venkatram R Mereddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Timothy D O'Brien
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lester R Drewes
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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28
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Hajizadeh F, Okoye I, Esmaily M, Ghasemi Chaleshtari M, Masjedi A, Azizi G, Irandoust M, Ghalamfarsa G, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Hypoxia inducible factors in the tumor microenvironment as therapeutic targets of cancer stem cells. Life Sci 2019; 237:116952. [PMID: 31622608 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) constitute a small area of the tumor mass and are characterized by self-renewal, differentiation and the ability to promote the development of secondary chemo-resistant tumors. Self-renewal of CSCs is regulated through various signaling pathways including Hedgehog, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. A few surface markers have been identified, which provide a means of targeting CSCs according to tumor type. Depending on the proximity of CSCs to the tumor hypoxic niche, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) can play a critical role in modulating several CSC-related characteristics. For instance, the upregulation of HIF-1 and HIF-2 at tumor sites, which correlates with the expansion of CSCs and poor cancer prognosis, has been demonstrated. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which hypoxia enhances the development of CSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting HIFs in combination with other common therapeutics is pre-requisite for effective eradication of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Isobel Okoye
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Maryam Esmaily
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masjedi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahzad Irandoust
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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29
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Payen VL, Mina E, Van Hée VF, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Monocarboxylate transporters in cancer. Mol Metab 2019; 33:48-66. [PMID: 31395464 PMCID: PMC7056923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors are highly plastic metabolic entities composed of cancer and host cells that can adopt different metabolic phenotypes. For energy production, cancer cells may use 4 main fuels that are shuttled in 5 different metabolic pathways. Glucose fuels glycolysis that can be coupled to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in oxidative cancer cells or to lactic fermentation in proliferating and in hypoxic cancer cells. Lipids fuel lipolysis, glutamine fuels glutaminolysis, and lactate fuels the oxidative pathway of lactate, all of which are coupled to the TCA cycle and OXPHOS for energy production. This review focuses on the latter metabolic pathway. Scope of review Lactate, which is prominently produced by glycolytic cells in tumors, was only recently recognized as a major fuel for oxidative cancer cells and as a signaling agent. Its exchanges across membranes are gated by monocarboxylate transporters MCT1-4. This review summarizes the current knowledge about MCT structure, regulation and functions in cancer, with a specific focus on lactate metabolism, lactate-induced angiogenesis and MCT-dependent cancer metastasis. It also describes lactate signaling via cell surface lactate receptor GPR81. Major conclusions Lactate and MCTs, especially MCT1 and MCT4, are important contributors to tumor aggressiveness. Analyses of MCT-deficient (MCT+/- and MCT−/-) animals and (MCT-mutated) humans indicate that they are druggable, with MCT1 inhibitors being in advanced development phase and MCT4 inhibitors still in the discovery phase. Imaging lactate fluxes non-invasively using a lactate tracer for positron emission tomography would further help to identify responders to the treatments. In cancer, hypoxia and cell proliferation are associated to lactic acid production. Lactate exchanges are at the core of tumor metabolism. Transmembrane lactate trafficking depends on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). MCTs are implicated in tumor development and aggressiveness. Targeting MCTs is a therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincent F Van Hée
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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A RNA sequencing-based six-gene signature for survival prediction in patients with glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2615. [PMID: 30796273 PMCID: PMC6385312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the central nervous system that has poor prognosis despite extensive therapy. Therefore, it is essential to identify a gene expression-based signature for predicting GBM prognosis. The RNA sequencing data of GBM patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were employed in our study. The univariate and multivariate regression models were utilized to assess the relative contribution of each gene to survival prediction in both cohorts, and the common genes in two cohorts were identified as a final prognostic model. A prognostic risk score was calculated based on the prognostic gene signature. This prognostic signature stratified the patients into the low- and high-risk groups. Multivariate regression and stratification analyses were implemented to determine whether the gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. We identified a 6-gene signature through univariate and multivariate regression models. This prognostic signature stratified the patients into the low- and high-risk groups, implying improved and poor outcomes respectively. Multivariate regression and stratification analyses demonstrated that the predictive value of the 6-gene signature was independent of other clinical factors. This study highlights the significant implications of having a gene signature as a prognostic predictor in GBM, and its potential application in personalized therapy.
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31
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Shibao S, Minami N, Koike N, Fukui N, Yoshida K, Saya H, Sampetrean O. Metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of glioma stem cells in a mouse glioblastoma model. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:343-354. [PMID: 29016888 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastomas have been shown to rely on glycolysis as an energy source. However, recent evidence suggests that at least a subset of glioma cells with stem cell-like properties can thrive on oxidative phosphorylation. It remains unclear whether both metabolic phenotypes support tumor propagation, if they are independent, and how stable they are. The present study investigated these questions with the use of isogenic murine glioma stem cells (GSCs). Methods GSCs were established from tumors formed by Ink4a/Arf-null, H-RasV12-expressing glioma-initiating cells that differed in extracellular acidification potential. Metabolic characteristics of GSCs were determined by measurement of glucose, oxygen, and glutamine uptake, ATP content, and lactate production. Effects of metabolic inhibitors and changes in oxygen or nutrient availability on lactate production and tumorsphere growth were also determined. Results GSCs were found either to consume more glucose and produce more lactate or to consume more oxygen and maintain a higher ATP content depending on the metabolic characteristics of the tumor cells of origin. The latter, mitochondrial-type GSCs increased lactate production after treatment with the oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor oligomycin or phenformin. Exposure to hypoxia also increased lactate production and expression of glycolysis-related enzymes and metabolites in mitochondrial-type GSCs in a reversible manner. Conclusions Both glycolytic and mitochondrial-type energy production can sustain tumor propagation by isogenic GSCs. Whereas both phenotypes can be independent and stable, cells that rely on oxidative phosphorylation can also switch to a more glycolytic phenotype in response to metabolic stress, suggesting that plasticity is a further characteristic of GSC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shibao
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Minami
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Koike
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Guan X, Rodriguez-Cruz V, Morris ME. Cellular Uptake of MCT1 Inhibitors AR-C155858 and AZD3965 and Their Effects on MCT-Mediated Transport of L-Lactate in Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Cancer Cells. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:13. [PMID: 30617815 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AR-C155858 and AZD3965, pyrrole pyrimidine derivatives, represent potent monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitors, with potential immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic properties. Currently, there is limited information on the inhibitory properties of this new class of MCT1 inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate transport and the membrane permeability properties of AR-C155858 and AZD3965 in the murine 4T1 breast tumor cells that express MCT1. Our results demonstrated time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate uptake by AR-C155858 and AZD3965 with maximal inhibition occurring after a 5-min pre-incubation period and prolonged inhibition. Following removal of AR-C155858 or AZD3965 from the incubation buffer, inhibition of L-lactate uptake was only fully reversed after 3 and 12 h, respectively, indicating that these inhibitors are slowly reversible. The uptake of AR-C155858 was concentration-dependent in 4T1 cells, whereas the uptake of AZD3965 exhibited no concentration dependence over the range of concentrations examined. The uptake kinetics of AR-C155858 was best fitted to a Michaelis-Menten equation with a diffusional clearance component, P (Km = 0.399 ± 0.067 μM, Vmax = 4.79 ± 0.58 pmol/mg/min, and P = 0.330 ± 0.088 μL/mg/min). AR-C155858 uptake, but not AZD3965 uptake, was significantly inhibited by alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, a known nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs 1, 2, and 4. AR-C155858 demonstrated a trend toward higher uptake at lower pH, a characteristic of proton-dependent MCT1. These findings provide evidence that AR-C155858 and AZD3965 exert slowly reversible inhibition of MCT1-mediated L-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells, with AR-C155858 representing a potential substrate of MCT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 352 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Vivian Rodriguez-Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 352 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 352 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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33
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Ippolito L, Morandi A, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Lactate: A Metabolic Driver in the Tumour Landscape. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 44:153-166. [PMID: 30473428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lactate in human tumours has been long neglected, confined to the role of a waste product derived from glycolysis and as a biomarker of malignancy. More recently, lactate has been rediscovered as signalling molecule that plays important roles in the regulation of the metabolic pathways, the immune response, and cell-to-cell communication within the tumour microenvironment. This review examines recent discoveries about the functional role of lactate in shaping the behaviour and the phenotype of tumour and tumour-associated cells, and describes potential clinical approaches to target lactate transport and metabolism in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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34
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Chen HL, OuYang HY, Le Y, Jiang P, Tang H, Yu ZS, He MK, Tang YQ, Shi M. Aberrant MCT4 and GLUT1 expression is correlated with early recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5339-5350. [PMID: 30306706 PMCID: PMC6246944 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a key determinant of cancer cell biology. The microenvironment is a complex mixture of tumor cells, stromal cells, and proteins, extracellular matrix, oxygen tension, and pH levels surrounding the cells that regulate the tumor progress. This study identified the prognostic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in HCC specimens. In this study, we analyzed MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in tissue samples from 213 patients with HCC by immunohistochemical analyses and in HCC tumor tissues and matched adjacent nonneoplastic tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR. We conducted a prognostic analysis of the overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) using immunoreactivity and other common clinical and pathological parameters. All variables with prognostic impact were further analyzed by multivariate analysis. We found that MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues, and they were positively correlated with tumor size. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression levels of MCT4 or GLUT1 had a poor OS and TTR. In patients with HCC, MCT4 expression was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.617; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.102–2.374; P = 0.014), and metabolic indicators were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR = 1.617, 95% CI = 1.102−2.374, P = 0.006) and TTR (HR = 1.348, 95% CI = 1.079−1.685, P = 0.009). Interestingly, patients with positive metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells had a significantly shorter OS and earlier TTR than those with negative metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells in the ≤5 cm and >5 cm subgroups. In summary, using the expression of MCT4 and GLUT1 and their metabolic parameters to determine the metabolic status of tumors is promising for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Han-Yue OuYang
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Fourth Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Shan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Ke He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
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35
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Park SJ, Smith CP, Wilbur RR, Cain CP, Kallu SR, Valasapalli S, Sahoo A, Guda MR, Tsung AJ, Velpula KK. An overview of MCT1 and MCT4 in GBM: small molecule transporters with large implications. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1967-1976. [PMID: 30416849 PMCID: PMC6220151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) represent a diverse group of transmembrane proteins encoded by the SLC16 gene family found ubiquitously across mammalian species. Two members of this family, MCT1 and MCT4, have been linked to key roles in the metabolic activity of tissues through the proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates, most notably L-lactate, ketone bodies, and pyruvate. This review aims to provide an overview of MCT1 and MCT4, followed by the implications of their expression in a multitude of cancers and in glioblastoma (GBM) specifically. Further, the possible mechanisms underlying these effects will be discussed. Given the relationships between MCT1 and MCT4 and cancer, they offer a unique opportunity for novel treatment strategies. We aim to explore current therapies focused on MCT1 and MCT4 and propose future studies to better understand their role in GBM to optimize future treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Chase P Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Ryan R Wilbur
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Charles P Cain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Sankeerth R Kallu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Srijan Valasapalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Arpit Sahoo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Illinois Neurological InstitutePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
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36
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Spina R, Voss DM, Asnaghi L, Sloan A, Bar EE. Flow Cytometry-based Drug Screening System for the Identification of Small Molecules That Promote Cellular Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29364250 DOI: 10.3791/56176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, causing roughly 14,000 deaths each year in the U.S. alone. Median survival following diagnosis is less than 15 months with maximal surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide chemotherapy. The challenges inherent in developing more effective GBM treatments have become increasingly clear, and include its unyielding invasiveness, its resistance to standard treatments, its genetic complexity and molecular adaptability, and subpopulations of GBM cells with phenotypic similarities to normal stem cells, herein referred to as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Because GSCs are required for tumor growth and progression, differentiation-based therapy represents a viable treatment modality for these incurable neoplasms. The following protocol describes a collection of procedures to establish a high throughput screening platform aimed at the identification of small molecules that promote GSC astroglial differentiation. At the core of the system is a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) differentiation reporter-construct. The protocol contains the following general procedures: (1) establishing GSC differentiation reporter lines; (2) testing/validating the relevance of the reporter to GSC self-renewal/clonogenic capacity; and (3) high-capacity flow-cytometry based drug screening. The screening platform provides a straightforward and inexpensive approach to identify small molecules that promote GSCs differentiation. Furthermore, utilization of libraries of FDA-approved drugs holds the potential for the identification of agents that can be repurposed more rapidly. Also, therapies that promote cancer stem cell differentiation are expected to work synergistically with current "standard of care" therapies that have been shown to target and eliminate primarily more differentiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine
| | - Andrew Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital-Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine;
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37
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Silva LS, Poschet G, Nonnenmacher Y, Becker HM, Sapcariu S, Gaupel AC, Schlotter M, Wu Y, Kneisel N, Seiffert M, Hell R, Hiller K, Lichter P, Radlwimmer B. Branched-chain ketoacids secreted by glioblastoma cells via MCT1 modulate macrophage phenotype. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:2172-2185. [PMID: 29066459 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated amino acid catabolism is common to many cancers. Here, we show that glioblastoma are excreting large amounts of branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs), metabolites of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. We show that efflux of BCKAs, as well as pyruvate, is mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in glioblastoma. MCT1 locates in close proximity to BCKA-generating branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1, suggesting possible functional interaction of the proteins. Using in vitro models, we demonstrate that tumor-excreted BCKAs can be taken up and re-aminated to BCAAs by tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, exposure to BCKAs reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. This study provides further evidence for the eminent role of BCAA catabolism in glioblastoma by demonstrating that tumor-excreted BCKAs might have a direct role in tumor immune suppression. Our data further suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of MCT1 knockdown observed by others might be related to the blocked excretion of BCKAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Santos Silva
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Center for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannic Nonnenmacher
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sean Sapcariu
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Ann-Christin Gaupel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schlotter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niclas Kneisel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Seiffert
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Center for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinfomatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Voss DM, Spina R, Carter DL, Lim KS, Jeffery CJ, Bar EE. Disruption of the monocarboxylate transporter-4-basigin interaction inhibits the hypoxic response, proliferation, and tumor progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4292. [PMID: 28655889 PMCID: PMC5487345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are enriched in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and that monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT4) is critical for mediating GSC signaling in hypoxia. Basigin is involved in many physiological functions during early stages of development and in cancer and is required for functional plasma membrane expression of MCT4. We sought to determine if disruption of the MCT-Basigin interaction may be achieved with a small molecule. Using a cell-based drug-screening assay, we identified Acriflavine (ACF), a small molecule that inhibits the binding between Basigin and MCT4. Surface plasmon resonance and cellular thermal-shift-assays confirmed ACF binding to basigin in vitro and in live glioblastoma cells, respectively. ACF significantly inhibited growth and self-renewal potential of several glioblastoma neurosphere lines in vitro, and this activity was further augmented by hypoxia. Finally, treatment of mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts resulted in significant inhibition of tumor progression in early and late-stage disease. ACF treatment inhibited intratumoral expression of VEGF and tumor vascularization. Our work serves as a proof-of-concept as it shows, for the first time, that disruption of MCT binding to their chaperon, Basigin, may be an effective approach to target GSC and to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon M Voss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Carter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kah Suan Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance J Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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39
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Leday GGR, de Gunst MCM, Kpogbezan GB, van der Vaart AW, van Wieringen WN, van de Wiel MA. Gene Network Reconstruction using Global-Local Shrinkage Priors. Ann Appl Stat 2017; 11:41-68. [PMID: 28408966 DOI: 10.1214/16-aoas990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing a gene network from high-throughput molecular data is an important but challenging task, as the number of parameters to estimate easily is much larger than the sample size. A conventional remedy is to regularize or penalize the model likelihood. In network models, this is often done locally in the neighbourhood of each node or gene. However, estimation of the many regularization parameters is often difficult and can result in large statistical uncertainties. In this paper we propose to combine local regularization with global shrinkage of the regularization parameters to borrow strength between genes and improve inference. We employ a simple Bayesian model with non-sparse, conjugate priors to facilitate the use of fast variational approximations to posteriors. We discuss empirical Bayes estimation of hyper-parameters of the priors, and propose a novel approach to rank-based posterior thresholding. Using extensive model- and data-based simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed inference strategy outperforms popular (sparse) methods, yields more stable edges, and is more reproducible. The proposed method, termed ShrinkNet, is then applied to Glioblastoma to investigate the interactions between genes associated with patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël G R Leday
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Mathisca C M de Gunst
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino B Kpogbezan
- Leiden University, Mathematical Institute, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9512, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aad W van der Vaart
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wessel N van Wieringen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Caruso JP, Koch BJ, Benson PD, Varughese E, Monterey MD, Lee AE, Dave AM, Kiousis S, Sloan AE, Mathupala SP. pH, Lactate, and Hypoxia: Reciprocity in Regulating High-Affinity Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression in Glioblastoma. Neoplasia 2017; 19:121-134. [PMID: 28092823 PMCID: PMC5238458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly malignant brain tumors harbor the aberrant propensity for aerobic glycolysis, the excessive conversion of glucose to lactic acid even in the presence of ample tissue oxygen. Lactic acid is rapidly effluxed to the tumor microenvironment via a group of plasma-membrane transporters denoted monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to prevent “self-poisoning.” One isoform, MCT2, has the highest affinity for lactate and thus should have the ability to respond to microenvironment conditions such as hypoxia, lactate, and pH to help maintain high glycolytic flux in the tumor. Yet, MCT2 is considered to not respond to hypoxia, which is counterintuitive. Its response to tumor lactate has not been reported. In this report, we experimentally identify the transcription initiation site/s for MCT2 in astrocytes (normal) and glioma (tumor). We then use a BACmid library to isolate a 4.2-kbp MCT2 promoter-exon I region and examine promoter response to glycolysis-mediated stimuli in glioma cells. Reporter analysis of nested-promoter constructs indicated response of MCT2 to hypoxia, pH, lactate, and glucose, the major physiological “players” that facilitate a tumor's growth and proliferation. Immunoblot analysis of native MCT2 expression under altered pH and hypoxia reflected the reporter data. The pH-mediated gene-regulation studies we describe are the first to record H+-based reporter studies for any mammalian system and demonstrate the exquisite response of the MCT2 gene to minute changes in tumor pH. Identical promoter usage also provides the first evidence of astrocytes harnessing the same gene regulatory regions to facilitate astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttling, a metabolic feature of normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Caruso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Brandon J Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789
| | - Philip D Benson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Elsa Varughese
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201
| | - Michael D Monterey
- Department of Neurosurgery & Basic Medical Sciences Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Amy E Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Ajal M Dave
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Sam Kiousis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center & Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Saroj P Mathupala
- Department of Neurosurgery and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.
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Roldan-Valadez E, Rios C, Motola-Kuba D, Matus-Santos J, Villa AR, Moreno-Jimenez S. Choline-to-N-acetyl aspartate and lipids-lactate-to-creatine ratios together with age assemble a significant Cox's proportional-hazards regression model for prediction of survival in high-grade gliomas. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20150502. [PMID: 27626830 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A long-lasting concern has prevailed for the identification of predictive biomarkers for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) using MRI. However, a consensus of which imaging parameters assemble a significant survival model is still missing in the literature; we investigated the significant positive or negative contribution of several MR biomarkers in this tumour prognosis. METHODS A retrospective cohort of supratentorial HGGs [11 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 17 anaplastic astrocytomas] included 28 patients (9 females and 19 males, respectively, with a mean age of 50.4 years, standard deviation: 16.28 years; range: 13-85 years). Oedema and viable tumour measurements were acquired using regions of interest in T1 weighted, T2 weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). We calculated Kaplan-Meier curves and obtained Cox's proportional hazards. RESULTS During the follow-up period (3-98 months), 17 deaths were recorded. The median survival time was 1.73 years (range, 0.287-8.947 years). Only 3 out of 20 covariates (choline-to-N-acetyl aspartate and lipids-lactate-to-creatine ratios and age) showed significance in explaining the variability in the survival hazards model; score test: χ2 (3) = 9.098, p = 0.028. CONCLUSION MRS metabolites overcome volumetric parameters of peritumoral oedema and viable tumour, as well as tumour region ADC measurements. Specific MRS ratios (Cho/Naa, L-L/Cr) might be considered in a regular follow-up for these tumours. Advances in knowledge: Cho/Naa ratio is the strongest survival predictor with a log-hazard function of 2.672 in GBM. Low levels of lipids-lactate/Cr ratio represent up to a 41.6% reduction in the risk of death in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- 1 Direccion de Investigacion, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Rios
- 2 Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Matus-Santos
- 3 Oncology Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio R Villa
- 4 Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Moreno-Jimenez
- 5 Radioneurosurgery Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
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Labak CM, Wang PY, Arora R, Guda MR, Asuthkar S, Tsung AJ, Velpula KK. Glucose transport: meeting the metabolic demands of cancer, and applications in glioblastoma treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1599-608. [PMID: 27648352 PMCID: PMC5004066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GLUT1, and to a lesser extent, GLUT3, appear to be interesting targets in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. The current review aims to give a brief history of the scientific community's understanding of these glucose transporters and to relate their importance to the metabolic changes that occur as a result of cancer. One of the primary changes that occurs in cancer, the Warburg Effect, is characterized by an extreme shift toward glycolysis from the usual reliance on oxidative phosphorylation and is currently being investigated to target the upstream and downstream factors responsible for Warburg-induced changes. Further, it aims to explain the differential expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in glioblastoma tissue, and how these modulations in expression can serve as targets to restore a more normal metabolism. Additionally, hypoxia-induced factor-1α's (HIF1α) role in a number of transcriptional changes typical to GBM will be discussed, including its role in GLUT upregulation. Finally, the four known subtypes of GBM [proneural, neural, mesenchymal, and classical] will be characterized in order to discuss how metabolic changes differ in each subtype. These changes have the potential to be selectively targeted in order to provide specificity to the clinical treatment options in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin M Labak
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Paul Y Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Rishab Arora
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Illinois Neurological InstitutePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana UniversityKadapa, India
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43
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Jeong KY, Mander P, Sim JJ, Kim HM. Combination of lactate calcium salt with 5-indanesulfonamide and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid to enhance the antitumor effect on HCT116 cells via intracellular acidification. Oncol Lett 2016. [PMID: 26998091 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4137.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a neutral intracellular pH (pHi) is favorable for the survival of tumors, and maintenance of highly acidic extracellular pH (pHe) facilitates tumor invasiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of lactate calcium salt (CaLa), 5-indanesulfonamide (IS) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) via pH regulation in colon cancer cells. HCT116 cells were treated with CaLa, IS, CA and combinations of the three. Subsequently, the concentration of intracellular lactate was determined. pHi and pHe were measured using cell lysates and culture media. Colony formation assay, cell viability assay and western blot analysis were additionally performed to analyze the consequences of the pH changes. CaLa, IS, CA and combination treatments induced an increase in the concentration of intracellular lactate. Lactate influx into the tumor microenvironment produced an acidic pHi in colon cancer cells. Consequently, colony formation and cell viability were significantly decreased, as well as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase degradation. The tumor microenvironment may be exploited therapeutically by disrupting the mechanism that regulates pHi, leading to cell apoptosis. The present study indicated that treatment with CaLa, IS and CA induced intracellular acidification via lactate influx, causing apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Additionally, the findings suggested that the combination of CaLa with IS and CA may enhance antitumor activity, and may provide a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Poonam Mander
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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44
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Selwan EM, Finicle BT, Kim SM, Edinger AL. Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:885-907. [PMID: 26938658 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive anabolism of cancer cells not only supports proliferation but also addicts tumor cells to a steady influx of exogenous nutrients. Limiting access to metabolic substrates could be an effective and selective means to block cancer growth. In this review, we define the pathways by which cancer cells acquire the raw materials for anabolism, highlight the actionable proteins in each pathway, and discuss the status of therapeutic interventions that disrupt nutrient acquisition. Critical open questions to be answered before apical metabolic inhibitors can be successfully and safely deployed in the clinic are also outlined. In summary, recent studies provide strong support that substrate limitation is a powerful therapeutic strategy to effectively, and safely, starve cancer cells to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Selwan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brendan T Finicle
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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45
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Pelletier J, Roux D, Viollet B, Mazure NM, Pouysségur J. AMP-activated protein kinase is dispensable for maintaining ATP levels and for survival following inhibition of glycolysis, but promotes tumour engraftment of Ras-transformed fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11833-47. [PMID: 26059436 PMCID: PMC4494908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid generated by highly glycolytic tumours is exported by the MonoCarboxylate Transporters, MCT1 and MCT4, to maintain pHi and energy homeostasis. We report that MCT1 inhibition combined with Mct4 gene disruption severely reduced glycolysis and tumour growth without affecting ATP levels. Because of the key role of the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in energy homeostasis, we hypothesized that targeting glycolysis (MCT-blockade) in AMPK-null (Ampk−/−) cells should kill tumour cells from ‘ATP crisis’. We show that Ampk−/−-Ras-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) maintained ATP levels and viability when glycolysis was inhibited. In MCT-inhibited MEFs treated with OXPHOS inhibitors the ATP level and viability collapsed in both Ampk+/+ and Ampk−/− cells. We therefore propose that the intracellular acidification resulting from lactic acid sequestration mimicks AMPK by blocking mTORC1, a major component of an ATP consuming pathway, thereby preventing ‘ATP crisis’. Finally we showed that genetic disruption of Mct4 and/or Ampk dramatically reduced tumourigenicity in a xenograft mouse model suggesting a crucialrolefor these two actors in establishment of tumours in a nutrient-deprived environment. These findings demonstrated that blockade of lactate transport is an efficient anti-cancer strategy that highlights the potential in targeting Mct4 in a context of impaired AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Pelletier
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR INSERM, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Danièle Roux
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR INSERM, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR INSERM, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR INSERM, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
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46
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Romero-Garcia S, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Prado-Garcia H, Sánchez-García FJ. Lactate Contribution to the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Effects on Immune Cells and Therapeutic Relevance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 26909082 PMCID: PMC4754406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is largely known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprograming serves to generate biosynthetic precursors, thus facilitating the survival of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Extracellular lactate directs the metabolic reprograming of tumor cells, thereby serving as an additional selective pressure. Besides tumor cells, stromal cells are another source of lactate production in the tumor microenvironment, whose role in both tumor growth and the antitumor immune response is the subject of intense research. In this review, we provide an integral perspective of the relationship between lactate and the overall tumor microenvironment, from lactate structure to metabolic pathways for its synthesis, receptors, signaling pathways, lactate-producing cells, lactate-responding cells, and how all contribute to the tumor outcome. We discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion and we explore the possibility of targeting lactate metabolism for cancer treatment, as well as of using lactate as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - María Maximina B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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47
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Hypoxia optimises tumour growth by controlling nutrient import and acidic metabolite export. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 47-48:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Jeong KY, Mander P, Sim JJ, Kim HM. Combination of lactate calcium salt with 5-indanesulfonamide and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid to enhance the antitumor effect on HCT116 cells via intracellular acidification. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1866-1872. [PMID: 26998091 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of a neutral intracellular pH (pHi) is favorable for the survival of tumors, and maintenance of highly acidic extracellular pH (pHe) facilitates tumor invasiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of lactate calcium salt (CaLa), 5-indanesulfonamide (IS) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CA) via pH regulation in colon cancer cells. HCT116 cells were treated with CaLa, IS, CA and combinations of the three. Subsequently, the concentration of intracellular lactate was determined. pHi and pHe were measured using cell lysates and culture media. Colony formation assay, cell viability assay and western blot analysis were additionally performed to analyze the consequences of the pH changes. CaLa, IS, CA and combination treatments induced an increase in the concentration of intracellular lactate. Lactate influx into the tumor microenvironment produced an acidic pHi in colon cancer cells. Consequently, colony formation and cell viability were significantly decreased, as well as poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase degradation. The tumor microenvironment may be exploited therapeutically by disrupting the mechanism that regulates pHi, leading to cell apoptosis. The present study indicated that treatment with CaLa, IS and CA induced intracellular acidification via lactate influx, causing apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Additionally, the findings suggested that the combination of CaLa with IS and CA may enhance antitumor activity, and may provide a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Poonam Mander
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Mook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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49
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Karsy M, Guan J, Jensen R, Huang LE, Colman H. The Impact of Hypoxia and Mesenchymal Transition on Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Cancer Stem Cells Regulation. World Neurosurg 2015; 88:222-236. [PMID: 26724617 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with potential for wide dissemination and resistance to standard treatments. Although GBM represents a single histopathologic diagnosis under current World Health Organization criteria, data from multiplatform molecular profiling efforts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, indicate that multiple subgroups with distinct markers and biology exist. It remains unclear whether treatment resistance differs based on subgroup. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia, or absence of normal tissue oxygenation, is important in generating tumor resistance through a signaling cascade driven by hypoxia-inducible factors and vascular endothelial growth factor. Hypoxia can result in isolation of tumor cells from therapeutic agents and activation of downstream tumor protective mechanisms. In addition, there are links between hypoxia and the phenomenon of mesenchymal transition in gliomas. Mesenchymal transformation in gliomas resembles at many levels the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that has been described in other solid tumors in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and take on a more mesenchymal phenotype, but the mesenchymal transition in brain tumors is also distinct, perhaps related to the unique cell types and cellular organization in the brain and brain tumors. Cancer stem cells, which are specific cell populations involved in self-renewal, differentiation, and GBM pathophysiology, are also importantly regulated by hypoxia signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the interplay of hypoxia and mesenchymal signaling in GBM including the key pathway regulators and downstream genes, the effect of these processes in regulation of the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells, and their role in treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randy Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - L Eric Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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50
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Prognostic Indications of Elevated MCT4 and CD147 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:242437. [PMID: 26779534 PMCID: PMC4686628 DOI: 10.1155/2015/242437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background. Metabolism in the tumor microenvironment can play a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor aggression. Metabolic coupling may occur between tumor compartments; this phenomenon can be prognostically significant and may be conserved across tumor types. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an integral role in cellular metabolism via lactate transport and have been implicated in metabolic synergy in tumors. The transporters MCT1 and MCT4 are regulated via expression of their chaperone, CD147. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications on the relationship between MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 expression and overall survival and disease-free survival in cancer, using hazard ratios derived via multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results. Increased MCT4 expressions in the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells, or stromal cells were all associated with decreased overall survival and decreased disease-free survival (p < 0.001 for all analyses). Increased CD147 expression in cancer cells was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival (p < 0.0001 for both analyses). Few studies were available on MCT1 expression; MCT1 expression was not clearly associated with overall or disease-free survival. Conclusion. MCT4 and CD147 expression correlate with worse prognosis across many cancer types. These results warrant further investigation of these associations.
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