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Liu M, Jiang H, Momeni MR. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132732. [PMID: 38823748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the major diseases affecting people globally is colorectal cancer (CRC), which is primarily caused by a lack of effective medical treatment and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Cellular autophagy functions to break down and eliminate superfluous proteins and substances, thereby facilitating the continual replacement of cellular elements and generating vital energy for cell processes. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal ncRNAs have a crucial impact on regulating gene expression and essential cellular functions such as autophagy, metastasis, and treatment resistance. The latest research has indicated that specific ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNA to influence the process of autophagy in CRC cells, which could have significant consequences for the advancement and treatment of this disease. It has been determined that a variety of ncRNAs have a vital function in regulating the genes essential for the formation and maturation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that ncRNAs have a considerable influence on the signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as those involving AMPK, AKT, and mTOR. Additionally, numerous ncRNAs have the potential to affect specific genes involved in autophagy. This study delves into the control mechanisms of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs and examines how they simultaneously influence autophagy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongfang Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Mishra J, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Mishra P, Mishra PK, Patra SK. Molecular mechanisms in regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in view of epigenetic regulation of genes and involvement of liquid-liquid phase separation. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216779. [PMID: 38458592 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular physiology is critically regulated by multiple signaling nexuses, among which cell death mechanisms play crucial roles in controlling the homeostatic landscape at the tissue level within an organism. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, can be induced by external and internal stimuli directing the cells to commit suicide in unfavourable conditions. In contrast, stress conditions like nutrient deprivation, infection and hypoxia trigger autophagy, which is lysosome-mediated processing of damaged cellular organelle for recycling of the degraded products, including amino acids. Apparently, apoptosis and autophagy both are catabolic and tumor-suppressive pathways; apoptosis is essential during development and cancer cell death, while autophagy promotes cell survival under stress. Moreover, autophagy plays dual role during cancer development and progression by facilitating the survival of cancer cells under stressed conditions and inducing death in extreme adversity. Despite having two different molecular mechanisms, both apoptosis and autophagy are interconnected by several crosslinking intermediates. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone tails, and miRNA play a pivotal role in regulating genes involved in both autophagy and apoptosis. Both autophagic and apoptotic genes can undergo various epigenetic modifications and promote or inhibit these processes under normal and cancerous conditions. Epigenetic modifiers are uniquely important in controlling the signaling pathways regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, these epigenetic modifiers of both autophagic and apoptotic genes can act as novel therapeutic targets against cancers. Additionally, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) also modulates the aggregation of misfolded proteins and provokes autophagy in the cytosolic environment. This review deals with the molecular mechanisms of both autophagy and apoptosis including crosstalk between them; emphasizing epigenetic regulation, involvement of LLPS therein, and possible therapeutic approaches against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Prahallad Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 030, MP, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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3
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Puvvula PK, Moon AM. Discovery and characterization of anti-cancer peptides from a random peptide library. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293072. [PMID: 38349913 PMCID: PMC10863893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We performed a forward genetic screen to discover peptides that specifically target breast cancer cells using a Penetratin tagged, random 15mer peptide library. We identified a group of novel peptides that specifically inhibited the proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells without affecting normal primary mammary epithelial cells or fibroblasts. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated by these peptides in the face of abnormal expression of numerous cell cycle regulatory genes. Associated alterations in histone marks, nuclear structure, and levels of critical RNA binding proteins vary in a peptide specific manner. This study demonstrates a novel method for the discovery of new potential therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Puvvula
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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4
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Jung M, Ji E, Kang H, Kim C, Ryu S, Han S, Cha S, Lee EK. The microRNA-195-5p/hnRNP A1 axis contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the migration of cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149183. [PMID: 37926044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of gene expression is critical for the progression of cancer. The augmented expression of hnRNP A1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been related to its oncogenic functions. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for upregulation of hnRNP A1 have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified microRNA-195-5p (miR-195-5p), a miRNA downregulated in HCC, as a novel regulator governing hnRNP A1 expression. Notably, our investigations showed an inverse correlation between hnRNP A1 level, which was increased in HCC, and miR-195-5p level, which was decreased. Our findings demonstrated that hnRNP A1 significantly enhanced the migration and invasion of PLC/PRF/5 cells through its association with mRNAs regulating metastasis. MiR-195-5p also interfered with the hnRNP A1-mediated cell migration by targeting hnRNP A1. Our results underscore the significance of the miR-195-5p/hnRNP A1 axis in regulating the migratory potential of cancer cells and its role in promoting HCC by orchestrating cell migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongwoo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Eunbyul Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Hoin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Chongtae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seungyeon Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Sukyoung Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seongho Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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5
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Zhang Y, Li H, Lv L, Lu K, Li H, Zhang W, Cui T. Autophagy: Dual roles and perspective for clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. Biochimie 2023; 206:49-60. [PMID: 36244578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) raises concerns to people because of its high recurrence and metastasis rate, diagnosis challenges, and poor prognosis. Various studies have shown the association of altered autophagy with tumorigenesis, tumor-stroma interactions, and resistance to cancer therapy in CRC. Autophagy is a highly conserved cytosolic catabolic process in eukaryotes that plays distinct roles in CRC occurrence and progression. In early tumorigenesis, autophagy may inhibit tumor growth through diverse mechanisms, whereas it exhibits a tumor promoting function in CRC progression. This different functions of autophagy in CRC occurrence and progression make developing therapies targeting autophagy complicated. In this review, we discuss the classification and process of autophagy as well as its dual roles in CRC, functions in the tumor microenvironment, cross-talk with apoptosis, and potential usefulness as a CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Cui
- West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Gynecological Disease Research and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Feng J, Zhou J, Lin Y, Huang W. hnRNP A1 in RNA metabolism regulation and as a potential therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986409. [PMID: 36339596 PMCID: PMC9634572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal RNA metabolism, regulated by various RNA binding proteins, can have functional consequences for multiple diseases. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is an important RNA binding protein, that regulates various RNA metabolic processes, including transcription, alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, translation, miRNA processing and mRNA stability. As a potent splicing factor, hnRNP A1 can regulate multiple splicing events, including itself, collaborating with other cooperative or antagonistical splicing factors by binding to splicing sites and regulatory elements in exons or introns. hnRNP A1 can modulate gene transcription by directly interacting with promoters or indirectly impacting Pol II activities. Moreover, by interacting with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or 3′-UTR of mRNAs, hnRNP A1 can affect mRNA translation. hnRNP A1 can alter the stability of mRNAs by binding to specific locations of 3′-UTR, miRNAs biogenesis and Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In this review, we conclude the selective sites where hnRNP A1 binds to RNA and DNA, and the co-regulatory factors that interact with hnRNP A1. Given the dysregulation of hnRNP A1 in diverse diseases, especially in cancers and neurodegeneration diseases, targeting hnRNP A1 for therapeutic treatment is extremely promising. Therefore, this review also provides the small-molecule drugs, biomedicines and novel strategies targeting hnRNP A1 for therapeutic purposes.
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7
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Ortuño-Sahagún D, Enterría-Rosales J, Izquierdo V, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, González-Castillo C. The Role of the miR-17-92 Cluster in Autophagy and Atherosclerosis Supports Its Link to Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192991. [PMID: 36230953 PMCID: PMC9564236 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in the regulation of cell function constitutes a current research challenge. Two to six miRNAs can act in clusters; particularly, the miR-17-92 family, composed of miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1, and miR-92a is well-characterized. This cluster functions during embryonic development in cell differentiation, growth, development, and morphogenesis and is an established oncogenic cluster. However, its role in the regulation of cellular metabolism, mainly in lipid metabolism and autophagy, has received less attention. Here, we argue that the miR-17-92 cluster is highly relevant for these two processes, and thus, could be involved in the study of pathologies derived from lysosomal deficiencies. Lysosomes are related to both processes, as they control cholesterol flux and regulate autophagy. Accordingly, we compiled, analyzed, and discussed current evidence that highlights the cluster's fundamental role in regulating cellular energetic metabolism (mainly lipid and cholesterol flux) and atherosclerosis, as well as its critical participation in autophagy regulation. Because these processes are closely related to lysosomes, we also provide experimental data from the literature to support our proposal that the miR-17-92 cluster could be involved in the pathogenesis and effects of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.O.-S.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Julia Enterría-Rosales
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vanesa Izquierdo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia González-Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.O.-S.); (C.G.-C.)
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8
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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B: an emerging group of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:337. [PMID: 35879279 PMCID: PMC9314375 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B (hnRNPA/B) is one of the core members of the RNA binding protein (RBP) hnRNPs family, including four main subtypes, A0, A1, A2/B1 and A3, which share the similar structure and functions. With the advance in understanding the molecular biology of hnRNPA/B, it has been gradually revealed that hnRNPA/B plays a critical role in almost the entire steps of RNA life cycle and its aberrant expression and mutation have important effects on the occurrence and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the clinical significance of hnRNPA/B in various cancers and systematically summarizes its biological function and molecular mechanisms.
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9
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Li Y, Wang H, Wan J, Ma Q, Qi Y, Gu Z. The hnRNPK/A1/R/U Complex Regulates Gene Transcription and Translation and is a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker for Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845931. [PMID: 35875075 PMCID: PMC9301189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are emerging as a crucially important protein family in tumors. However, it is unclear which family members are essential for cancer progression, and their diverse expression patterns and prognostic values are rarely reported. In this work, we found that the expression levels of hnRNPs were all upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPC, hnRNPK, hnRNPR, and hnRNPU are overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the promoter methylation levels of hnRNPs were significantly elevated or decreased, and multiple genetic alterations of hnRNPs were found in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of hnRNPs were positively correlated with each other. Furthermore, we demonstrated that high expressions of hnRNPA1, hnRNPK, hnRNPR, and hnRNPU were associated with better overall survival rates for colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. The co-expression network and functional prediction analysis indicated that hnRNPK/A1/R/U was involved in cellular gene transcription and translation. Moreover, hnRNPK/A1/R/U complex was identified and confirmed by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the transcription factor hnRNPK regulated transcription and translation of related genes. Finally, through establishment of stable cell lines in vitro, we verified that hnRNPK was a favorable factor in human colorectal adenocarcinoma which promoted immune cell infiltration and inhibited tumor growth. Our findings illustrate that the hnRNPK/A1/R/U complex is a favorable prognostic biomarker for human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Targeting hnRNPK during transcription and translation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Post-Doctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Post-Doctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Ma, ; Yu Qi, ; Zhuoyu Gu,
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Ma, ; Yu Qi, ; Zhuoyu Gu,
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Ma, ; Yu Qi, ; Zhuoyu Gu,
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10
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Ravegnini G, Gorini F, Dondi G, Tesei M, De Crescenzo E, Morganti AG, Hrelia P, De Iaco P, Angelini S, Perrone AM. Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in the Therapeutic Response in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:847974. [PMID: 35747791 PMCID: PMC9209727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.847974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common female cancer, with nearly 600,000 cases and more than 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. From a clinical point of view, surgery plays a key role in early cancer management, whereas advanced stages are treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation as adjuvant therapies. Nevertheless, predicting the degree of cancer response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy at diagnosis in order to personalize the clinical approach represents the biggest challenge in locally advanced cancers. The feasibility of such predictive models has been repeatedly assessed using histopathological factors, imaging and nuclear methods, tissue and fluid scans, however with poor results. In this context, the identification of novel potential biomarkers remains an unmet clinical need, and microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an interesting opportunity. With this in mind, the aim of this systematic review was to map the current literature on tumor and circulating miRNAs identified as significantly associated with the therapeutic response in cervical cancer; finally, a perspective point of view sheds light on the challenges ahead in this tumor.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42021277980).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gloria Ravegnini, ; Pierandrea De Iaco, ; Sabrina Angelini,
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Dondi
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Tesei
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenia De Crescenzo
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio G. Morganti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierandrea De Iaco
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gloria Ravegnini, ; Pierandrea De Iaco, ; Sabrina Angelini,
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gloria Ravegnini, ; Pierandrea De Iaco, ; Sabrina Angelini,
| | - Anna Myriam Perrone
- Division of Oncologic Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Murakami Y, Konishi H, Fujiya M, Takahashi K, Ando K, Ueno N, Kashima S, Moriichi K, Tanabe H, Okumura T. Testis-specific hnRNP is expressed in colorectal cancer cells and accelerates cell growth mediating ZDHHC11 mRNA stabilization. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3643-3656. [PMID: 35384384 PMCID: PMC9554453 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have been reported to be associated with cancer cell growth. However, it remains unclear whether hnRNP G‐T, which is specifically expressed in the testis, is expressed in tumor cells, and whether hnRNP G‐T expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is associated with tumor progression. We herein report that hnRNP G‐T promoted cancer cell growth and stabilized mRNA of ZDHHC11 in CRC. The cell growth was inhibited by transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T in cancer cells, but not in non‐cancerous epithelial cells. The tumor promotive effect of hnRNP G‐T was confirmed in an HCT116 transplanted mouse model. RT‐PCR and western blotting indicated the augmentation of hnRNP G‐T in CRC in comparison to non‐cancerous cells. The downregulation of hnRNP G‐T inhibited cancer cell growth and promoted apoptosis in CRC. A transcriptome analysis combined with immunoprecipitation revealed that hnRNP G‐T stabilized 174 mRNAs, including ZDHHC11 mRNA. The cell growth was also suppressed by the transfection of siRNA of ZDHHC11 and the mRNA and the protein expression were decreased by the transfection of siRNA of hnRNP G‐T. These results suggested that hnRNP G‐T promotes the cell growth of CRC by regulating the mRNA of ZDHHC11. Therefore, hnRNP G‐T will be highlighted as an effective therapeutic target with less adverse effects in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keitaro Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Ando
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kashima
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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12
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Singh MV, Dhanabalan K, Verry J, Dokun AO. MicroRNA regulation of BAG3. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:617-623. [PMID: 35037515 PMCID: PMC9039493 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211066908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) protein is a member of BAG family of co-chaperones that modulates major biological processes, including apoptosis, autophagy, and development to promote cellular adaptive responses to stress stimuli. Although BAG3 is constitutively expressed in several cell types, its expression is also inducible and is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that mostly bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of mRNAs to inhibit their translation or to promote their degradation. miRNAs can potentially regulate over 50% of the protein-coding genes in a cell and therefore are involved in the regulation of all major functions, including cell differentiation, growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). BAG3 plays a critical role in regulating the response of skeletal muscle cells to ischemia by its ability to regulate autophagy. However, the biological role of miRNAs in the regulation of BAG3 in biological processes has only been elucidated recently. In this review, we discuss how miRNA may play a key role in regulating BAG3 expression under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu V Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Karthik Dhanabalan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joseph Verry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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13
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Konishi H, Sato H, Takahashi K, Fujiya M. Tumor-Progressive Mechanisms Mediating miRNA-Protein Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212303. [PMID: 34830186 PMCID: PMC8622902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded short-chain RNAs that are endogenously expressed in vertebrates; they are considered the fine-tuners of cellular protein expression that act by modifying mRNA translation. miRNAs control tissue development and differentiation, cell growth, and apoptosis in cancer and non-cancer cells. Aberrant regulation of miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. Numerous investigations have shown that the changes in cellular miRNA expression in cancerous tissues and extracellular miRNAs enclosed in exosomes are correlated with cancer prognosis. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer in clinical applications. In the previous decade, miRNAs have been shown to regulate cellular functions by directly binding to proteins and mRNAs, thereby controlling cancer progression. This regulatory system implies that cancer-associated miRNAs can be applied as molecular-targeted therapy. This review discusses the roles of miRNA-protein systems in cancer progression and its future applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-68-2462
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.T.)
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14
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Konishi H, Kashima S, Goto T, Ando K, Sakatani A, Tanaka H, Ueno N, Moriichi K, Okumura T, Fujiya M. The Identification of RNA-Binding Proteins Functionally Associated with Tumor Progression in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133165. [PMID: 34202873 PMCID: PMC8269357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previous investigations described bioinformatic analyses based on the mRNA expression and somatic mutation as useful strategies for identifying cancer-associated molecules that were potential candidates of therapeutic targets. However, these data included secondary changes and non-functional alterations that do not influence tumor progression. Investigations, including our own studies, have shown that some RBPs shuttle cytoplasm and nuclei, and their affinity to RNAs is regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation. Therefore, the functional assessment of individual molecules is the most suitable strategy for identifying cancer-associated genes with or without expressional changes and mutations. This report showed for the first time that a functional assessment using an siRNA library was useful for identifying therapeutic targets from molecular groups, including RBPs, that had not been identified by expressional and mutational analyses. Abstract Previous investigations have indicated that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key molecules for the development of organs, differentiation, cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells as well as normal cells. A bioinformatics analysis based on the mRNA expression and a somatic mutational database revealed the association between aberrant expression/mutations of RBPs and cancer progression. However, this method failed to detect functional alterations in RBPs without changes in the expression, thus leading to false negatives. To identify major tumor-associated RBPs, we constructed an siRNA library based on the database of RBPs and assessed the influence on the growth of colorectal, pancreatic and esophageal cancer cells. A comprehensive analysis of siRNA functional screening findings using 1198 siRNAs targeting 416 RBPs identified 41 RBPs in which 50% inhibition of cell growth was observed in cancer cells. Among these RBPs, 12 showed no change in the mRNA expression and no growth suppression in non-cancerous cells when downregulated by specific siRNAs. We herein report for the first time cancer-promotive RBPs identified by a novel functional assessment using an siRNA library of RBPs combined with expressional and mutational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Shin Kashima
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Takuma Goto
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Katsuyoshi Ando
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Aki Sakatani
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Ueno
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced Medical Sciences, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1, Midorigaoka, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; (S.K.); (T.G.); (K.A.); (A.S.); (N.U.); (K.M.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-68-2462
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15
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Puvvula PK, Moon AM. Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived From Scaffold-Attachment- Factor A Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621825. [PMID: 33859938 PMCID: PMC8042391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-attachment-factor A (SAFA) has important roles in many normal and pathologic cellular processes but the scope of its function in cancer cells is unknown. Here, we report dominant-negative activity of novel peptides derived from the SAP and RGG-domains of SAFA and their effects on proliferation, survival and the epigenetic landscape in a range of cancer cell types. The RGG-derived peptide dysregulates SAFA binding and regulation of alternatively spliced targets and decreases levels of key spliceosome proteins in a cell-type specific manner. In contrast, the SAP-derived peptide reduces active histone marks, promotes chromatin compaction, and activates the DNA damage response and cell death in a subset of cancer cell types. Our findings reveal an unprecedented function of SAFA-derived peptides in regulating diverse SAFA molecular functions as a tumor suppressive mechanism and demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of SAFA-peptides in a wide range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Puvvula
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Mandal CC. Dual Role of microRNAs in Autophagy of Colorectal Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:56-66. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200519075908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that eliminates unwanted proteins out of
the cell and increases cell survival. However, dysfunctional autophagy is associated with cancer progression,
cellular adaptation, cancer metastasis and makes it an attractive therapeutic target. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that usually bind to 3’UTR of
mRNAs. This interaction eventually inhibits protein synthesis by repressing translation and/or by degrading
mRNAs. miRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagy and also behave as both
tumor suppressors and promoters in colorectal cancer. This paper defines an overall molecular view of
how miRNAs regulate the dual role of autophagy in colorectal cancer. It also highlights how long noncoding
RNAs modulate miRNAs expression to regulate autophagy in colorectal cancer. Thus, targeting
autophagy by miRNAs seems to be a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - James A. Radosevich
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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17
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p300-Catalyzed Lysine Crotonylation Promotes the Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration of HeLa Cells via Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2020:5632342. [PMID: 33457194 PMCID: PMC7787849 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5632342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer in women with a significant challenge in clinical treatment. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly responsible for cervical carcinoma. Here, we show the increased expression level of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HNRNPA1) in HPV-associated cervical cancer cells including HeLa, Caski, and SiHa cells, especially in HeLa cells. We provide the evidence that the expression of HNRNPA1 is closely related to HeLa cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Emerging evidence show that histone modifications account for gene expression. Moreover, our results indicate that HNRNPA1 could be regulated by p300 through p300-mediated lysine crotonylation. Inhibition of p300 downregulated both the lysine crotonylation level and the HNRNPA1 expression. And p300-mediated lysine crotonylation participates in the regulation of HNRNPA1 on HeLa cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Collectively, our study uncovers that p300-mediated lysine crotonylation enhances expression of HNRNPA1 to promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HeLa cells.
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18
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Wang H. MicroRNA, Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120530. [PMID: 33255227 PMCID: PMC7760221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrinological disorder that is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the body does not respond appropriately to insulin. There are many complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition to these complications, DM was reported to be associated with different cancers. In this review, we discuss the association between DM and colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide that mostly affects older people, however, its incidence and mortality are rising among young people. We discuss the relationship between DM and CRC based on their common microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs playing important functions in cell differentiation, development, regulation of cell cycle, and apoptosis. miRNAs can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. miRNAs also can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the common miRNA biomarkers of both DM and CRC can shed a light on how these two diseases are correlated and more understanding of the link between these two diseases can help the prevention of both DM and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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19
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Bhol CS, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Bhutia SK. Epigenetic modifications of autophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 66:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Hawley ZCE, Campos-Melo D, Strong MJ. Evidence of A Negative Feedback Network Between TDP-43 and miRNAs Dependent on TDP-43 Nuclear Localization. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:166695. [PMID: 33137311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein that is integral to RNA processing. Among these functions is a critical role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis through interactions with the DROSHA and DICER complexes. It has been previously shown that there is a general reduction in miRNA levels within the spinal cord and spinal motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In addition, the most common pathological feature of ALS is re-distribution of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it forms cytoplasmic inclusions. Among miRNAs dysregulated in ALS, several are known to regulate TDP-43 expression. In this study, we demonstrate that TDP-43 is in a regulatory negative feedback network with miR-181c-5p and miR-27b-3p that is dependent on its nuclear localization within HEK293T cells. Further, we show that cellular stress which induces a redistribution of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm correlates with the reduced production of miR-27b-3p and miR-181c-5p. This suggests that reduced nuclear TDP-43 disrupts a negative feedback network between itself and miRNAs. These findings provide a further understanding of altered miRNA biogenesis as a key pathogenic process in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C E Hawley
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Danae Campos-Melo
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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21
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Long J, He Q, Yin Y, Lei X, Li Z, Zhu W. The effect of miRNA and autophagy on colorectal cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12900. [PMID: 32914514 PMCID: PMC7574865 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a concern because of its high recurrence rate and metastasis rate, low early diagnosis rate and poor therapeutic effect. At present, various studies have shown that autophagy is closely connected with the occurrence and progression of CRC. Autophagy is a highly cytosolic catabolic process involved in lysosomes in biological evolution. Cells degrade proteins and damaged organelles by autophagy to achieve material circulation and maintain cell homeostasis. Moreover, microRNAs are key regulators of autophagy, and their mediated regulation of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels plays an important role in autophagy in CRC cells. This review focuses on the recent research advances of how autophagy and related microRNAs are involved in affecting occurrence and progression of CRC and provides a new perspective for the study of CRC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Long
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Pathology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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22
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Kolenda T, Guglas K, Kopczyńska M, Sobocińska J, Teresiak A, Bliźniak R, Lamperska K. Good or not good: Role of miR-18a in cancer biology. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:808-819. [PMID: 32884453 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-18a is a member of primary transcript called miR-17-92a (C13orf25 or MIR17HG) which also contains five other miRNAs: miR-17, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b and miR-92a. This cluster as a whole shows specific characteristics, where miR-18a seems to be unique. In contrast to the other members, the expression of miR-18a is additionally controlled and probably functions as its own internal controller of the cluster. miR-18a regulates many genes involved in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, response to different kinds of stress, autophagy and differentiation. The disturbances of miR-18a expression are observed in cancer as well as in different diseases or pathological states. The miR-17-92a cluster is commonly described as oncogenic and it is known as 'oncomiR-1', but this statement is a simplification because miR-18a can act both as an oncogene and a suppressor. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about miR-18a focusing on its regulation, role in cancer biology and utility as a potential biomarker.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracyl
- ACVR2A, activin A receptor type 2A
- AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase
- AR, androgen receptor
- ATG7, autophagy related 7
- ATM, ATM serine/threonine kinase
- BAX, BCL2 associated Xapoptosis regulator
- BCL2, BCL2 apoptosis regulator
- BCL2L10, BCL2 like 10
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BLCA, bladder urothelial carcinoma
- BRCA, breast cancer
- Biomarker
- Bp, base pair
- C-myc (MYCBP), MYC binding protein
- CASC2, cancer susceptibility 2
- CD133 (PROM1), prominin 1
- CDC42, cell division cycle 42
- CDKN1, Bcyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B
- COAD, colon adenocarcinoma
- Cancer
- Circulating miRNA
- DDR, DNA damage repair
- E2F family (E2F1, E2F2, E2F3), E2F transcription factors
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ER, estrogen receptor
- ERBB (EGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor
- ESCA, esophageal carcinoma
- FENDRR, FOXF1 adjacent non-coding developmental regulatory RNA
- FER1L4, fer-1 like family member 4 (pseudogene)
- GAS5, growth arrest–specific 5
- HIF-1α (HIF1A), hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
- HNRNPA1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1
- HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HRR, homologous recombination-based DNA repair
- IFN-γ (IFNG), interferon gamma
- IGF1, insulin like growth factor 1
- IL6, interleukin 6
- IPMK, inositol phosphate multikinase
- KIRC, clear cell kidney carcinoma
- KIRP, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
- KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase
- LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma
- LMP1, latent membrane protein 1
- LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma
- LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma
- Liquid biopsy
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCM7, minichromosome maintenance complex component 7
- MET, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase
- N-myc (MYCN), MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NOTCH2, notch receptor 2
- Oncogene
- PAAD, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- PERK (EIF2AK3), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3
- PI3K (PIK3CA), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha
- PIAS3, protein inhibitor of activated STAT 3
- PRAD, prostate adenocarcinoma
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SMAD2, SMAD family member 2
- SMG1, SMG1 nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase
- SNHG1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1
- SOCS5, suppressor of cytokine signaling 5
- STAD, stomach adenocarcinoma
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- STK4, serine/threonine kinase 4
- Suppressor
- TCGA
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TGF-β (TGFB1), transforming growth factor beta 1
- TGFBR2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 2
- THCA, papillary thyroid carcinoma
- TNM, Classification of Malignant Tumors: T - tumor / N - lymph nodes / M – metastasis
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TP53TG1, TP53 target 1
- TRIAP1, p53-regulating inhibitor of apoptosis gene
- TSC1, TSC complex subunit 1
- UCA1, urothelial cancer associated 1
- UCEC, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma
- UTR, untranslated region
- WDFY3-AS2, WDFY3 antisense RNA 2
- WEE1, WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase
- WNT family, Wingless-type MMTV integration site family/Wnt family ligands
- ZEB1/ZEB2, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 and 2
- ceRNA, competitive endogenous RNA
- cncRNA, protein coding and non-coding RNA
- lncRNA, long-non coding RNA
- miR-17-92a
- miR-18a
- miRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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23
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Wang H. MicroRNAs and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155353. [PMID: 32731413 PMCID: PMC7432330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the world, and its incidence is rising in developing countries. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is known to improve survival in CRC patients. Most anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction to eliminate malignant cells. However, de-regulated apoptotic signaling allows cancer cells to escape this signaling, leading to therapeutic resistance. Treatment resistance is a major challenge in the development of effective therapies. The microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in CRC treatment resistance and CRC progression and apoptosis. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in contributing to the promotion or inhibition of apoptosis in CRC and the role of miRNAs in modulating treatment resistance in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiuying Wang
- Institute of Statistics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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24
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Sun G, Zhou H, Chen K, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Yan L, Yao W, Hu J, Wang T, Xing J, Xiao K, Wu L, Ye Z, Xu H. HnRNP A1 - mediated alternative splicing of CCDC50 contributes to cancer progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via ZNF395. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:116. [PMID: 32560659 PMCID: PMC7304168 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant alternative splicing events play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression of many cancers, while sparse studies regarding to alternative splicing are available for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We identified that alternative splicing of coiled-coil domain containing 50 (CCDC50) was dysregulated in ccRCC, whereas the clinical significance of this splicing event and its splicing regulation mechanisms were still elusive. METHODS Bioinformatic algorithm was utilized to identify significant exon skipping events in ccRCC via exon sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to validate the aberrant expression of different transcripts in renal cancer tissues, cell lines and corresponding noncancerous controls. Short hairpin RNA targeting CCDC50 and overexpressing plasmids for each transcript were introduced into ccRCC cell lines, followed by a series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. Moreover, a panel of splicing factors were identified and their roles on splicing regulation of CCDC50 precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) were studied. Furthermore, RNAseq data were analyzed to elucidate downstream molecules of CCDC50. Two-way analysis of variance and unpaired Student t test were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS Pre-mRNA of CCDC50 generated two transcripts, full-length transcript (CCDC50-FL) and truncated transcript (CCDC50-S) with exon 6 skipped. CCDC50-S was overexpressed in ccRCC tissues and cell lines compared to noncancerous counterparts, but CCDC50-FL was only detected in noncancerous tissues and normal renal epithelial cells. Higher percent spliced-in index was associated with better survival in ccRCC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments indicated that CCDC50-S transcript promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis of ccRCC, while CCDC50-FL exerted opposite tumor suppressive functions. Besides, we identified that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (HnRNP A1) could promote the skipping of exon 6, which resulted in higher portion of CCDC50-S and oncogenic transformation. Moreover, zinc finger protein 395 (ZNF395) was identified as a downstream protein of CCDC50-S, and the interaction initiated oncogenic pathways which were involved in ccRCC progression. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant alternative splicing of CCDC50 is regulated by HnRNP A1 in ccRCC. This splicing event contributes to cancer progression through the downstream pathway involving ZNF395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Libin Yan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tao Wang
- grid.412625.6Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 P.R. China
| | - Jinchun Xing
- grid.412625.6Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000 P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Xiao
- Department of Urology, The People’s Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, 518000 P.R. China
| | - Lily Wu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China ,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030 P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China. .,Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
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25
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Karimzadeh MR, Mirzaei HR, Razavi ZS, Sahebkar A, Hosseini N, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Autophagy in cancers including brain tumors: role of MicroRNAs. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:88. [PMID: 32517694 PMCID: PMC7285723 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has a crucial role in many cancers, including brain tumors. Several types of endogenous molecules (e.g. microRNAs, AKT, PTEN, p53, EGFR, and NF1) can modulate the process of autophagy. Recently miRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) have been found to play a vital role in the regulation of different cellular and molecular processes, such as autophagy. Deregulation of these molecules is associated with the development and progression of different pathological conditions, including brain tumors. It was found that miRNAs are epigenetic regulators, which influence the level of proteins coded by the targeted mRNAs with any modification of the genetic sequences. It has been revealed that various miRNAs (e.g., miR-7-1-3p, miR-340, miR-17, miR-30a, miR-224-3p, and miR-93), as epigenetic regulators, can modulate autophagy pathways within brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular targets of miRNAs, and their function in autophagy pathways could contribute to the development of new treatment methods for patients with brain tumors. In this review, we summarize the various miRNAs, which are involved in regulating autophagy in brain tumors. Moreover, we highlight the role of miRNAs in autophagy-related pathways in different cancers. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nayyerehsadat Hosseini
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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26
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A tumor-specific modulation of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A0 promotes excessive mitosis and growth in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:245. [PMID: 32303675 PMCID: PMC7165183 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA regulation mediating RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been shown to be related to the maintenance of homeostasis as well as cancer progression. However, the tumor-associated functions as well as the detailed mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of most RBPs have yet to be explored. We herein report that the phosphorylated heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A0 promotes mitosis through the RAS-associated protein 3 GTPase-activating protein catalytic subunit 1 (RAB3GAP1)-Zeste white 10 interactor (ZWINT1) cascade. The downregulation assay of 20 representative hnRNPs, a major family of RNA-binding proteins, in colorectal cancer cells revealed that hnRNPA0 is a strong regulator of cancer cell growth. The tumor promotive function of hnRNPA0 was confirmed in gastrointestinal cancer cells, including pancreatic, esophageal, and gastric cancer cells, but not in non-cancerous cells. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses revealed that hnRNPA0 inhibited the apoptosis through the maintenance of G2/M phase promotion in colorectal cancer cells. A comprehensive analysis of mRNAs regulated by hnRNP A0 and immunostaining revealed that mitotic events were regulated by the hnRNPA0-RAB3GAP1 mRNA-mediated ZWINT-1 stabilization in colorectal cancer cells, but not in non-tumorous cells. The interaction of hnRNP A0 with mRNAs was dramatically changed by the deactivation of its phosphorylation site in cancer cells, but not in non-tumorous cells. Therefore, the tumor-specific biological functions characterized by the abnormal phosphorylation of RBPs are considered to be an attractive target for tumor treatment.
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27
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Akkoc Y, Gozuacik D. MicroRNAs as major regulators of the autophagy pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118662. [PMID: 32001304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular stress response mechanism activation of which leads to degradation of cellular components, including proteins as well as damaged organelles in lysosomes. Defects in autophagy mechanisms were associated with several pathologies (e.g. cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and rare genetic diseases). Therefore, autophagy regulation is under strict control. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms that control autophagy in cells and organisms studied in detail. Recent studies introduced non-coding small RNAs, and especially microRNAs (miRNAs) in the post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity. In this review article, we analyzed in detail the current status of autophagy-miRNA connections. Comprehensive documentation of miRNAs that were directly involved in autophagy regulation resulted in the emergence of common themes and concepts governing these complex and intricate interactions. Hence, a better and systematic understanding of these interactions reveals a central role for miRNAs in the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Akkoc
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Sabanci University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Orhanli-Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
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28
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He PY, Yip WK, Jabar MF, Mohtarrudin N, Dusa NM, Seow HF. Effect of the miR-96-5p inhibitor and mimic on the migration and invasion of the SW480-7 colorectal cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1949-1960. [PMID: 31423265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to identify the aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tissues from published miRNA profiling studies and to investigate the effects of the identified miRNA inhibitor and mimic miR-96-5p on CRC cell migration and invasion. The altered expression of the regulators of cytoskeleton mRNA in miR-96-5p inhibitor-transfected cells was determined. The miR-96-5p expression level in five CRC cell lines, HCT11, CaCo2, HT29, SW480 and SW620, and 26 archived paraffin-embedded CRC tissues were also investigated by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell viability in response to the miR-96-5p inhibitor and mimic transfections was determined by an MTT assay. A Matrigel invasion assay was conducted to select the invasive subpopulation designated SW480-7, by using the parental cell line SW480. The effects of miR-96-5p mimic- or inhibitor-transfected SW480-7 cells on cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the Transwell and Matrigel assays, and the change in expression of the regulators of cytoskeleton mRNAs was identified by Cytoskeleton Regulators RT2-Profiler PCR array followed by validation with RT-qPCR. CRC tissues exhibited a significant increase in miR-96-5p expression, compared with their matched normal adjacent tissues, indicating an oncogenic role for miR-96-5p. The results demonstrated that the miR-96-5p inhibitor decreased the migration of SW480-7 cells, but had no effect on invasion. This may be due to the promotion of cell invasion by Matrigel, which counteracts the blockade of cell invasion by the miR-96-5p inhibitor. The miR-96-5p mimic enhanced SW480-7 cell migration and invasion, as expected. It was determined that there was a >2.5 fold increase in the expression of genes involved in cytoskeleton regulation, myosin light chain kinase 2, pleckstrin homology like domain family B member 2, cyclin A1, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2, Brain-specific angiogenesisinhibitor 1-associated protein 2 and microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1, in miR-96-5p inhibitor-transfected cells, indicating that they are negative regulators of cell migration. In conclusion, the miR-96-5p inhibitor blocked cell migration but not invasion, and the latter may be due to the counteraction of Matrigel, which has been demonstrated to stimulate cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Wai Kien Yip
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faisal Jabar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Mohd Dusa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia
| | - Heng Fong Seow
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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29
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Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:248-267. [PMID: 31132429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals gained considerable interest during the past years as source to develop new treatment options for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Motivated by the fact that a majority of established anticancer drugs are derived in one way or another from natural resources, we focused on shikonin, a naphthoquinone with high potentials to be further developed as preventive or therapeutic drug to fight cancer. Shikonin is the major chemical component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell) roots. Traditionally, the root extract has been applied to cure dermatitis, burns, and wounds. Over the past three decades, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of root extracts, isolated shikonin as well as semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives and nanoformulations have been described. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to understand the effect of shikonin at cellular and molecular levels. Preliminary clinical trials indicate the potential of shikonin for translation into clinical oncology. Shikonin exerts additive and synergistic interactions in combination with established chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutic approaches, radiotherapy and other treatment modalities, which further underscores the potential of this phytochemical to be integrated into standard treatment regimens.
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30
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Sokół E, Kędzierska H, Czubaty A, Rybicka B, Rodzik K, Tański Z, Bogusławska J, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. microRNA-mediated regulation of splicing factors SRSF1, SRSF2 and hnRNP A1 in context of their alternatively spliced 3'UTRs. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:208-217. [PMID: 29331391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SRSF1, SRSF2 and hnRNP A1 are splicing factors that regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. SRSF1 and SRSF2 contribute to the carcinogenesis in the kidney. Despite their importance, the mechanisms regulating their expression in cancer are not entirely understood. Here, we investigated the microRNA-mediated regulation of SRSF1, SRSF2 and hnRNP A1 in renal cancer. The expression of microRNAs predicted to target SRSF1, SRSF2 and hnRNP A1 was disturbed in renal tumors compared with controls. Using qPCR, Western blot/ICC and luciferase reporter system assays we identified microRNAs that contribute to the regulation of expression of SRSF1 (miR-10b-5p, miR-203a-3p), SRSF2 (miR-183-5p, miR-200c-3p), and hnRNP A1 (miR-135a-5p, miR-149-5p). Silencing of SRSF1 and SRSF2 enhanced the expression of their targeting microRNAs. miR-183-5p and miR-200c-3p affected the expression of SRSF2-target genes, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF9, CRADD and TP53. 3'UTR variants of SRSF1 and SRSF2 differed by the presence of miRNA-binding sites. In conclusion, we identified a group of microRNAs that contribute to the regulation of expression of SRSF1, SRSF2 and hnRNP A1. The microRNAs targeting SRSF1 and SRSF2 are involved in a regulatory feedback loop. microRNAs miR-183-5p and miR-200c-3p that target SRSF2, affect the expression of genes involved in apoptotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Sokół
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Czubaty
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tański
- Masovian Specialist Hospital in Ostrołęka, Ostrołęka, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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31
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Hong X, Qin J, Chen R, Yuan L, Zha J, Huang C, Li N, Ji X, Wang Z. Phenanthrene-Induced Apoptosis and Its Underlying Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14397-14405. [PMID: 29161501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Widespread human and aquatic organism exposure to Phe has been reported, but the toxic effects of Phe and potential mechanisms are unclear. We focused on the chronic hepatotoxicity of Phe in adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) and the underlying mechanisms. The chronic effects of exposing Chinese rare minnows to 8.9, 82.3, or 510.0 μg/L Phe for 30 days were examined by histopathological observation, TUNEL assays, caspase activity assays, and gene expression profiles. The liver lesion frequency and hepatocyte apoptosis were increased in Phe-exposed groups. Caspase 9 and caspase 3 enzyme activity in liver tissues was markedly increased. The expression of miR-17/92 cluster members was significantly increased in the 82.3 and 510.0 μg/L groups. Moreover, the response of primary hepatocytes indicated a significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) after a 48 h exposure to Phe. Interestingly, miR-18a was significantly decreased in primary hepatocytes in all treatments. Moreover, molecular docking indicated that Phe might have the same binding domain as pri-miR-18a, forming pi-pi and pi-σ interactions with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1. Given the above, Phe caused liver lesions and induced hepatocyte apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and the interaction of Phe with hnRNP A1 contributes to the suppression of miR-18a expression and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University , Wuhan 430070, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianhui Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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32
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Rammer M, Webersinke G, Haitchi-Petnehazy S, Maier E, Hackl H, Charoentong P, Malli T, Steinmair M, Petzer AL, Rumpold H. MicroRNAs and their role for T stage determination and lymph node metastasis in early colon carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:431-440. [PMID: 29134398 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colon cancer is among the most common cancer entities. Understanding the molecular background is the key to enable accurate stage determination, which is crucial to assess optimal therapy options. The search for preoperative biomarkers is ongoing. In recent years, several studies have proposed a diagnostic and prognostic role for miRNAs in cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA expression patterns correlating with tumor stage, especially lymph node metastasis, in primary colon carcinoma tissue. Screening was accomplished using GeneChip® miRNA v3.0 arrays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and validated via TaqMan® qPCR assays (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) to investigate miRNA expressions in 168 FFPE and 83 fresh frozen colon carcinoma samples. Regarding lymph node status, analyses displayed no significantly differential miRNA expression. Interestingly, divergent expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-152-3p and miR-1973 was detected in stage pT1. Although miRNAs might not represent reliable biomarkers regarding lymph node metastasis status, they could support risk assessment in stage T1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rammer
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Webersinke
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Maier
- Department of Pathology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pornpimol Charoentong
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theodora Malli
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Tumor Cytogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Maria Steinmair
- Department of Pathology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas L Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Holger Rumpold
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Medical Oncology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria.
- Internal Medicine II: Medical Oncology, Hematology, Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6807, Feldkirch, Austria.
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Kim M, Chin YW, Lee EJ. α, γ-Mangostins Induce Autophagy and Show Synergistic Effect with Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:609-617. [PMID: 28822990 PMCID: PMC5685430 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers in the world. However, no effective treatment is currently available for pancreatic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the anti-pancreatic cancer effect of α-mangostin (αM) and γ-mangostin (γM) extracted from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.. Both αM and γM reduced the viability of pancreatic cancer cells MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 in a dose-dependent manner. These compounds induced apoptosis by increasing c-PARP and c-Caspase 3 levels. They also induced autophagy by increasing levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) in both cell lines while decreasing sequestosome 1 (p62) in MIA PaCa-2. Both αM and γM induced autophagy through increasing phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p-p38) while decreasing phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (p-mTOR). Of various microRNAs (miRNA), miR-18a was found to be a putative regulatory miRNA for autophagy induced by αM or γM. In combination with gemcitabine, a compound frequently used in pancreatic cancer treatment, αM and γM showed synergistic anti-cancer effects in MIA PaCa-2. Collectively, these results suggest that αM and γM can induce apoptosis and autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells and that their anti-cancer effect is likely to be associated with miR-18a. In conclusion, αM and γM might be used as a potential new therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Du Y, Liu X, Cho WC. Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in the Signaling Pathways of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:19-51. [PMID: 27573893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diagnosed cancers worldwide. The metastasis and development of resistance to anti-cancer treatment are major challenges in the treatment of CRC. Understanding mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis is therefore critical in developing novel agents for CRC treatments. A large number of evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs have functional roles in both the physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. These molecules are engaged in the pathobiology of neoplastic diseases and are targets for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of a variety of cancers, including CRC. In this regard, ncRNAs have emerged as one of the hallmarks of CRC pathogenesis and they also play key roles in metastasis, drug resistance and the stemness of CRC stem cell by regulating various signaling networks. Therefore, a better understanding the ncRNAs involved in the signaling pathways of CRC may lead to the development of novel strategy for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CRC. In this chapter, we summarize the latest findings on ncRNAs, with a focus on miRNAs and lncRNAs involving in signaling networks and in the regulation of pathogenic signaling pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Yang
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yong Du
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- The General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Fesler A, Liu H, Wu N, Liu F, Ling P, Ju J. Autophagy regulated by miRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and resistance. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:96-100. [PMID: 28748218 PMCID: PMC5524452 DOI: 10.4103/ctm.ctm_64_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolic process of autophagy is an essential cellular function that allows for the breakdown and recycling of cellular macromolecules. In recent years, the impact of epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) has been recognized in human cancer. In colorectal cancer, Autophagy plays critical roles in cancer progression as well as resistance to chemotherapy, and recent evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are directly involved in mediating these functions. In this review, we will focus on the recent advancements in the field of miRNA regulation of autophagy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fesler
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
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Gozuacik D, Akkoc Y, Ozturk DG, Kocak M. Autophagy-Regulating microRNAs and Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:65. [PMID: 28459042 PMCID: PMC5394422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is a cellular stress response and a survival pathway that is responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates, as well as damaged organelles in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Consequently, abnormalities of autophagy are associated with a number of diseases, including Alzheimers’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cancer. According to the current view, autophagy seems to serve as a tumor suppressor in the early phases of cancer formation, yet in later phases, autophagy may support and/or facilitate tumor growth, spread, and contribute to treatment resistance. Therefore, autophagy is considered as a stage-dependent dual player in cancer. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. miRNAs control several fundamental biological processes, and autophagy is no exception. Furthermore, accumulating data in the literature indicate that dysregulation of miRNA expression contribute to the mechanisms of cancer formation, invasion, metastasis, and affect responses to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, considering the importance of autophagy for cancer biology, study of autophagy-regulating miRNA in cancer will allow a better understanding of malignancies and lead to the development of novel disease markers and therapeutic strategies. The potential to provide study of some of these cancer-related miRNAs were also implicated in autophagy regulation. In this review, we will focus on autophagy, miRNA, and cancer connection, and discuss its implications for cancer biology and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yunus Akkoc
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kocak
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chu PC, Kulp SK, Bekaii-Saab T, Chen CS. Targeting integrin-linked kinase to suppress oncogenic KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer. Small GTPases 2016; 9:452-456. [PMID: 27936345 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1251383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncogenic KRAS represents a therapeutically relevant target in pancreatic cancer, it is deemed "non-druggable" because of the intrinsic difficulty in designing direct inhibitors of KRAS. Our recent work demonstrated a KRAS-integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulatory feedback loop that allows pancreatic cancer cells to regulate KRAS expression and to interact with the tumor microenvironment to promote aggressive phenotype. KRAS induces E2F1-mediated transcriptional activation of ILK expression, and ILK, in turn, controls KRAS expression via hnRNPA1, which binds and destabilizes the G-quadruplex in the KRAS promoter. Moreover, ILK inhibition blocked KRAS-driven EMT and growth factor-stimulated KRAS expression. This regulatory loop, however, was not noted in KRAS mutant colorectal and lung cancer cells examined as knockdown of KRAS or ILK did not affect each other's expression, suggesting that this KRAS-ILK feedback regulation is specific for pancreatic cancer. In sum, this regulatory loop provides a strong mechanistic rationale for suppressing oncogenic KRAS signaling through targeting ILK, and this creating a potential new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chen Chu
- a Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- b Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | | | - Ching-Shih Chen
- a Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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Sato BL, Collier ES, Vermudez SA, Junker AD, Kendal-Wright CE. Human amnion mesenchymal cells are pro-inflammatory when activated by the Toll-like receptor 2/6 ligand, macrophage-activating lipoprotein-2. Placenta 2016; 44:69-79. [PMID: 27452440 PMCID: PMC4964608 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection accounts for over 40% of preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PPROM), a major cause of preterm birth. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play key roles in pathogen surveillance but their expression and function in amnion mesenchymal cells (AMC) is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of all TLR isoforms and the effect of macrophage-activating lipoprotein-2 (MALP-2), derived from a common pathogen involved in PPROM, on human AMC. METHODS AMC were isolated from normal, term amnion from repeat cesarean section. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect TLR isoform expression. Immunocytochemistry of NF-κB p65, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (ELISA), MTT assay, LDH assay, immunoblotting of cytosolic cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3, and expression of 84 microRNAs by Qiagen miRNA PCR array were used to determine the functional effect of MALP-2 on AMC. RESULTS TLR1-10 was detected in AMC, and protein expression of TLR2, 4, and 6 were confirmed. MALP-2 induced nuclear translocation of p65, reaching significance after 45 min (ANOVA, P < 0.05). MALP-2 did not cause apoptosis but did lead to significant secretion of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively) and significant changes in miRNA-320a and miRNA-18a (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION These results suggest that AMC elicit a pro-inflammatory response following stimulation with the known TLR2/6 ligand MALP-2. This data supports the idea that AMC express the innate immune system receptors that could help with immune surveillance during infection and contribute to inflammatory responses that lead to PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Sato
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA.
| | - Eric S Collier
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Sheryl Anne Vermudez
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Anthony D Junker
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA
| | - Claire E Kendal-Wright
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Ave., Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 651 Ilalo St., Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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Zhang J, Liu X, Lin Y, Li Y, Pan J, Zong S, Li Y, Zhou Y. HnRNP K contributes to drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia through the regulation of autophagy. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:850-856. [PMID: 27155326 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in drug resistance through the regulation of autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). First, we used fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to verify the connection between the expression level of hnRNP K and the level of drug resistance in AML. We then used Western blotting to determine the expression level of the autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 I and II (LC3 I/II) after the modulation of hnRNP K by ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference. Finally, an analysis of adriamycin drug sensitivity was conducted before and after the modulation of hnRNP K expression. hnRNP K and LC3 I/II were significantly overexpressed in the bone marrow of nonremission patients and in drug-resistant cell lines; however, the expression of LC3 I/II was decreased when the expression of hnRNP K was reduced and drug sensitivity to adriamycin could be restored. hnRNP K may be involved in the development of adriamycin resistance in AML through the regulation of autophagy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genotype
- Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- JinFang Zhang
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - XiaoLi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - YuDeng Lin
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - YuLing Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - JianWei Pan
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sa Zong
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - YongKang Li
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Kraft LJ, Manral P, Dowler J, Kenworthy AK. Nuclear LC3 Associates with Slowly Diffusing Complexes that Survey the Nucleolus. Traffic 2016; 17:369-99. [PMID: 26728248 PMCID: PMC4975375 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MAP1LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, LC3) is a key component of the autophagy pathway, contributing to both cargo selection and autophagosome formation in the cytoplasm. Emerging evidence suggests that nuclear forms of LC3 are also functionally important; however, the mechanisms that facilitate the nuclear targeting and trafficking of LC3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm under steady-state conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we examine how residues known to regulate the interactions between LC3 and other proteins or RNA (F52 L53, R68-R70 and G120) contribute to its nuclear targeting, nucleocytoplasmic transport and association with nucleoli and other nuclear components. We find that residues F52 L53 and R68-70, but not G120, regulate targeting of LC3 to the nucleus, its rates of nucleocytoplasmic transport and the apparent sizes of LC3-associated complexes in the nucleus inferred from fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements. We also show that LC3 is enriched in nucleoli and its triple arginine motif is especially important for nucleolar targeting. Finally, we identify a series of candidate nuclear LC3-interacting proteins using mass spectrometry, including MAP1B, tubulin and several 40S ribosomal proteins. These findings suggest LC3 is retained in the nucleus in association with high-molecular weight complexes that continuously scan the nucleolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J. Kraft
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pallavi Manral
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob Dowler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne K. Kenworthy
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Epithelial Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Statello L, Condorelli AG, Battaglia R, Tamburello L, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Purrello M. Non-coding landscapes of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11709-11739. [PMID: 26556998 PMCID: PMC4631972 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For two decades Vogelstein’s model has been the paradigm for describing the sequence of molecular changes within protein-coding genes that would lead to overt colorectal cancer (CRC). This model is now too simplistic in the light of recent studies, which have shown that our genome is pervasively transcribed in RNAs other than mRNAs, denominated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The discovery that mutations in genes encoding these RNAs [i.e., microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs] are causally involved in cancer phenotypes has profoundly modified our vision of tumour molecular genetics and pathobiology. By exploiting a wide range of different mechanisms, ncRNAs control fundamental cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis: these data have also confirmed their role as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer development and progression. The existence of a sophisticated RNA-based regulatory system, which dictates the correct functioning of protein-coding networks, has relevant biological and biomedical consequences. Different miRNAs involved in neoplastic and degenerative diseases exhibit potential predictive and prognostic properties. Furthermore, the key roles of ncRNAs make them very attractive targets for innovative therapeutic approaches. Several recent reports have shown that ncRNAs can be secreted by cells into the extracellular environment (i.e., blood and other body fluids): this suggests the existence of extracellular signalling mechanisms, which may be exploited by cells in physiology and pathology. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant issues on the involvement of cellular and extracellular ncRNAs in disease. We will then specifically describe their involvement in CRC pathobiology and their translational applications to CRC diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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microRNA-26a and -584 inhibit the colorectal cancer progression through inhibition of the binding of hnRNP A1-CDK6 mRNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:847-52. [PMID: 26494299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
While the progress of chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy has improved the outcome of colorectal cancer patients, the mortality of colon cancer remains high, indicating the need to develop novel therapeutic targets for improving the outcome of colon cancer. Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and its expression correlates with malignant transformation. In this study, we performed a microarray analysis with the RNA immunoprecipitation (RNA-IP) method and identified hnRNP A1-interacting miRs, including miR-26a and -584, in a colorectal cancer cell line, SW620. A SRB assay revealed the tumor suppressive effect of miR-26a and -584, and the tumor suppressive effect of these miRs was diminished by the downregulation of hnRNP A1. The combined method of a transcriptome analysis and RNA-IP revealed hnRNP A1-interacting mRNAs, including cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). A Western blot analysis revealed the downregulation of CDK6 in miR-26a and -584 overexpression cells, as well as hnRNP A1 knockdown cells. The binding assay indicated that the binding of hnRNP A1-CDK6 mRNA was reduced by transfection of miR-26a and -584. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was induced in miR-26a and -584 overexpression cells. These data indicate that miR-26a and -584 inhibit the binding of hnRNP A1-CDK6 mRNA and induce colorectal cancer cell apoptosis.
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MiR-30b Is Involved in the Homocysteine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of Caspase 3. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17682-95. [PMID: 26263983 PMCID: PMC4581215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown homocysteine can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses cardiovascular diseases. Although there are several reports about how the Hcy induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in Hcy-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of homocysteine-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found miR-30b was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L Hcy. In addition, overexpression of miR-30b can improve the Hcy-induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating caspase-3 expression. Therefore, miR-30b may play an important role in Hcy-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.
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Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1 Improves the Intestinal Injury by Regulating Apoptosis Through Trefoil Factor 2 in Mice with Anti-CD3-induced Enteritis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1541-52. [PMID: 25901972 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of hnRNP A1 in the onset of intestinal inflammation remains unclear. This study investigated the function of hnRNP A1 in mice enteritis models. METHODS C57Bl6/J mice were intraperitoneally injected with anti-CD3 antibodies to develop enteritis. In the DSS-induced colitis group, the mice were allowed free access to 3% DSS solution in their drinking water for 5 days. 3H-mannitol flux and complementary DNA array tests were used to assess the intestinal barrier function and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed after immunoprecipitation with anti-hnRNP antibodies to determine the specific mRNA binding of hnRNP A1. RESULTS The hnRNP A1 expression was increased in the intestine of the mouse at 24 hours after treatment with anti-CD3 antibodies and 5 days after starting DSS administration. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against hnRNP A1 exacerbated the intestinal injuries in both models. According to the microarray analysis, trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) was identified as a candidate molecule targeted by hnRNP A1 in the anti-CD3 antibody-induced enteritis group. Moreover, the binding between hnRNP A1 and TFF2 mRNA significantly increased in the enteritis mice, and the administration of siRNA against either hnRNP A1 or TFF2 exacerbated the degree of intestinal injury. In the DSS-induced colitis group, treatment with the siRNA of hnRNP A1 worsened the intestinal injury, while the expression of TFF3 did not change. CONCLUSIONS hnRNP A1 improves intestinal injury in anti-CD3 antibody-induced enteritis mice through the upregulation of TFF2, which regulates apoptosis and enhances epithelial restoration, whereas this molecule ameliorates DSS-induced colitis through a different pathway.
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Bai R, Weng C, Dong H, Li S, Chen G, Xu Z. MicroRNA-409-3p suppresses colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis partly by targeting GAB1 expression. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2310-22. [PMID: 25991585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC progression are not well characterized. In this study, we identified miR-409-3p as a tumor suppressor of CRC. MiR-409-3p expression was significantly downregulated in CRC tissue compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue, and reduced miR-409-3p expression was correlated with CRC metastasis. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that miR-409-3p negatively regulated CRC metastatic capacities, including suppressing cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. To explore the mechanism of action of miR-409-3p, we adopted a pathway and pathophysiological event-based target screening and validation approach, and found nine known metastasis-related genes as potential targets. The 3'-UTR binding assays between the candidates and miR-409-3p suggested that only GAB1, NR4A2 and LMO4 were directly regulated by the miRNA. However, endogenous expression analysis revealed that only GAB1 was modulated by miR-409-3p in CRC cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we provided evidence to conclude that GAB1 was partially responsible for miR-409-3p-mediated metastasis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that miR-409-3p is a metastatic suppressor, and post-transcriptional inhibition of the oncoprotein GAB1 is one of the mechanisms of action of this miRNA. Our finding suggests miR-409-3p might be a novel target for CRC metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpan Bai
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:823620. [PMID: 26064956 PMCID: PMC4438141 DOI: 10.1155/2015/823620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.
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LIU SHA, PAN XIAOFEN, YANG QIN, WEN LU, JIANG YAO, ZHAO YINGCHAO, LI GUILING. MicroRNA-18a enhances the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells by promoting radiation-induced apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2853-62. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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APF lncRNA regulates autophagy and myocardial infarction by targeting miR-188-3p. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6779. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Lento S, Brioschi M, Barcella S, Nasim MT, Ghilardi S, Barbieri SS, Tremoli E, Banfi C. Proteomics of tissue factor silencing in cardiomyocytic cells reveals a new role for this coagulation factor in splicing machinery control. J Proteomics 2015; 119:75-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Humphreys KJ, McKinnon RA, Michael MZ. miR-18a inhibits CDC42 and plays a tumour suppressor role in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112288. [PMID: 25379703 PMCID: PMC4224453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-17-92 cluster of microRNAs is elevated in colorectal cancer, and has a causative role in cancer development. Of the six miR-17-92 cluster members, miR-19a and b in particular are key promoters of cancer development and cell proliferation, while preliminary evidence suggests that miR-18a may act in opposition to other cluster members to decrease cell proliferation. It was hypothesised that miR-18a may have a homeostatic function in helping to contain the oncogenic effect of the entire miR-17-92 cluster, and that elevated miR-17-92 cluster activity without a corresponding increase in miR-18a may promote colorectal tumour progression. In colorectal cancer samples and corresponding normal colorectal mucosa, miR-18a displayed lower overall expression than other miR-17-92 cluster members. miR-18a was shown to have an opposing role to other miR-17-92 cluster members, in particular the key oncogenic miRNAs, miR-19a and b. Transfection of HCT116 and LIM1215 colorectal cancer cell lines with miR-18a mimics decreased proliferation, while a miR-18a inhibitor increased proliferation. miR-18a was also responsible for decreasing cell migration, altering cell morphology, inducing G1/S phase cell cycle arrest, increasing apoptosis, and enhancing the action of a pro-apoptotic agent. CDC42, a mediator of the PI3K pathway, was identified as a novel miR-18a target. Overexpression of miR-18a reduced CDC42 expression, and a luciferase assay confirmed that miR-18a directly targets the 3′UTR of CDC42. miR-18a mimics had a similar effect on proliferation as a small molecule inhibitor of CDC42. Inhibition of CDC42 expression is likely to be a key mechanism by which miR-18a impairs cancer cell growth, with a target protector experiment revealing miR-18a influences proliferation via direct inhibition of CDC42. Inhibition of CCND1 by miR-18a may also assist in this growth-suppression effect. The homeostatic function of miR-18a within the miR-17-92 cluster in colorectal cancer cells may be achieved through suppression of CDC42 and the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Humphreys
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Z. Michael
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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