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Zhang M, Wang W, Liu K, Jia C, Hou Y, Bai G. Astragaloside IV protects against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in COPD by targeting GTP-GDP domain of RAS and downregulating the RAS/RAF/FoxO signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155066. [PMID: 37690229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by the replacement of lung parenchyma with fibrous scar tissue, usually as the final stage of lung injury like COPD. Astragaloside IV (AST), a bioactive compound found in the Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to improve pulmonary function and exhibit anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects. However, the exact molecular mechanisms through which it combats pulmonary fibrosis, especially in COPD, remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the potential therapeutic target and molecular mechanisms for AST in improving lung injury especially treating COPD type pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Multi lung injury models were established in mice using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cigarette smoke (CS), or LPS plus CS to simulate the processes of pulmonary fibrosis in COPD. The effect of AST on lung function protection was evaluated, and proteomic and metabolomic analysis were applied to identify the signaling pathway affected by AST and to find potential targets of AST. The interaction between AST and wild-type and mutant RAS proteins was studied. The RAS/RAF/FoxO signaling pathway was stimulated in BEAS-2B cells and in mice lung tissues by LPS plus CS to investigate the anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanism of AST analyzed by western blotting. The regulatory effects of AST on the RAS/RAF/FoxO pathway dependent on RAS were further confirmed using RAS siRNA. RESULTS RAS was predicted and identified as the target protein of AST in anti-pulmonary fibrosis in COPD and improving lung function. The administration of AST was observed to impede the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, reduce the manifestation of inflammatory factors and extracellular matrix, and hinder the activation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, AST significantly suppressed the RAS/RAF/FoxO signaling pathway in both in vitro and in vivo settings. CONCLUSION AST exhibited lung function protection and anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect by inhibiting the GTP-GDP domain of RAS, which downregulated the RAS/RAF/FoxO signaling pathway. This study revealed AST as a natural candidate molecule for the protection of pulmonary fibrosis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Kaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
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Shi JH, Liu LN, Song DD, Liu WW, Ling C, Wu FX, Wang TT, Liu B, Cui NP, Qin Y, Ni ZY. TRAF3/STAT6 axis regulates macrophage polarization and tumor progression. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2005-2016. [PMID: 37474750 PMCID: PMC10406838 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Converting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the M2 to the M1 phenotype is considered an effective strategy for cancer therapy. TRAF3 is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. However, the role of TRAF3 in TAM polarization has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we found that ablation of TRAF3 increased M1 markers, iNOS, FGR and SLC4A7, while down-regulated M2 markers, CD206, CD36 and ABCC3, expression levels in macrophages. Moreover, TRAF3 deficiency enhanced LPS-induced M1 and abolished IL-4-induced macrophage polarization. Next, quantitative ubiquitomics assays demonstrated that among the quantitative 7618 ubiquitination modification sites on 2598 proteins, ubiquitination modification of IL-4 responding proteins was the most prominently reduced according to enrichment analysis. STAT6, a key factor of IL-4 responding protein, K450 and K129 residue ubiquitination levels were dramatically decreased in TRAF3-deficient macrophages. Ubiquitination assay and luciferase assay demonstrated that TRAF3 promotes STAT6 ubiquitination and transcriptional activity. Site mutation analysis revealed STAT6 K450 site ubiquitination played a vital role in TRAF3-mediated STAT6 activation. Finally, B16 melanoma mouse model demonstrated that myeloid TRAF3 deficiency suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Taken together, TRAF3 plays a vital role in M2 polarization via regulating STAT6 K450 ubiquitination in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hengyang Third People's Hospital, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Nai-Peng Cui
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhi-Yu Ni
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100000, Beijing, China.
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Smith R, Yendamuri S, Vedire Y, Rosario S, Zollo R, Washington D, Sass S, Ivanick NM, Reid M, Barbi J. Immunoprofiling bronchoalveolar lavage cells reveals multifaceted smoking-associated immune dysfunction. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00688-2022. [PMID: 37342091 PMCID: PMC10277872 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00688-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an underutilised tool in the search for pulmonary disease biomarkers. While leukocytes with effector and suppressor function play important roles in airway immunity and tumours, it remains unclear if frequencies and phenotypes of BAL leukocytes can be useful parameters in lung cancer studies and clinical trials. We therefore explored the utility of BAL leukocytes as a source of biomarkers interrogating the impact of smoking, a major lung cancer risk determinant, on pulmonary immunity. Methods In this "test case" observational study, BAL samples from 119 donors undergoing lung cancer screening and biopsy procedures were evaluated by conventional and spectral flow cytometry to exemplify the comprehensive immune analyses possible with this biospecimen. Proportions of major leukocyte populations and phenotypic markers levels were found. Multivariate linear rank sum analysis considering age, sex, cancer diagnosis and smoking status was performed. Results Significantly increased frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and PD-L1-expressing macrophages were found in current and former smokers compared to never-smokers. While cytotoxic CD8 T-cells and conventional CD4 helper T-cell frequencies were significantly reduced in current and former smokers, expression of immune checkpoints PD-1 and LAG-3 as well as Tregs proportions were increased. Lastly, the cellularity, viability and stability of several immune readouts under cryostorage suggested BAL samples are useful for correlative end-points in clinical trials. Conclusions Smoking is associated with heightened markers of immune dysfunction, readily assayable in BAL, that may reflect a permissive environment for cancer development and progression in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Smith
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
- These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Yeshwanth Vedire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zollo
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Deschana Washington
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Sass
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel M. Ivanick
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Reid
- Department of Medicine – Survivorship and Supportive Care, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Bhatia R, Siddiqui JA, Ganguly K, Thompson CM, Cannon A, Aithal A, Perumal N, Maurya SK, Li X, Cox JL, Gurumurthy CB, Rachagani S, Jain M, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Kumar S. Muc4 loss mitigates epidermal growth factor receptor activity essential for PDAC tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2023; 42:759-770. [PMID: 36624189 PMCID: PMC10198580 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucin4 (MUC4) appears early during pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-1 (PanIN1), coinciding with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR). The EGFR signaling is required for the onset of Kras-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the players and mechanisms involved in sustained EGFR signaling in early PanIN lesions remain elusive. We generated a unique Esai-CRISPR-based Muc4 conditional knockout murine model to evaluate its effect on PDAC pathology. The Muc4 depletion in the autochthonous murine model carrying K-ras and p53 mutations (K-rasG12D; TP53R172H; Pdx-1cre, KPC) to generate the KPCM4-/- murine model showed a significant delay in the PanIN lesion formation with a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in EGFR (Y1068) and ERK1/2 (T202/Y204) phosphorylation. Further, a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in Sox9 expression in PanIN lesions of KPCM4-/- mice suggested the impairment of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in Muc4-depleted cells. The biochemical analyses demonstrated that MUC4, through its juxtamembrane EGF-like domains, interacts with the EGFR ectodomain, and its cytoplasmic tail prevents EGFR ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation upon ligand stimulation, leading to sustained downstream oncogenic signaling. Targeting the MUC4 and EGFR interacting interface provides a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapies in PDAC and other MUC4-expressing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christopher M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shailendra K Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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5
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Falcomatà C, Bärthel S, Schneider G, Rad R, Schmidt-Supprian M, Saur D. Context-Specific Determinants of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:278-297. [PMID: 36622087 PMCID: PMC9900325 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown benefits across a range of human cancers, but not pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes an important roadblock to their efficacy. The landscape of the TME differs substantially across PDAC subtypes, indicating context-specific principles of immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss how PDAC cells, the local TME, and systemic host and environmental factors drive immunosuppression in context. We argue that unraveling the mechanistic drivers of the context-specific modes of immunosuppression will open new possibilities to target PDAC more efficiently by using multimodal (immuno)therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE Immunosuppression is an almost universal hallmark of pancreatic cancer, although this tumor entity is highly heterogeneous across its different subtypes and phenotypes. Here, we provide evidence that the diverse TME of pancreatic cancer is a central executor of various different context-dependent modes of immunosuppression, and discuss key challenges and novel opportunities to uncover, functionalize, and target the central drivers and functional nodes of immunosuppression for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falcomatà
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bärthel
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair of Translational Cancer Research and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding Authors: Dieter Saur, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Institute of Experimental Cancer Therapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. Phone: 49-89-4140-5255; Fax: 49-89-4140-7289; E-mail: ; and Chiara Falcomatà,
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Chen X, Sheng L, Ma J, Qi D, Li X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wong L, Huang JH, Wu E, Ma Q, Zhang D. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone provokes progression from chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. iScience 2022; 25:103647. [PMID: 35028532 PMCID: PMC8741524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of pancreatic cancer is higher among people who are cigarette smokers than among non-smokers; however, the action mechanisms of cigarette metabolites are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette smoking on chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer as well as the biological mechanism of NNK causing malignant transformation. We show that smoking may promote Kras mutation and P16 promoter methylation from clinical samples and NNK markedly facilitates the growth and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via the activation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling. We demonstrate that NNK promotes acinar-to-ductal metastasis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in rats with chronic pancreatitis, accompanied by desmoplastic reaction and Gli1 overexpression. Together, we here present evidence that NNK provokes the progression of chronic pancreatitis toward pancreatic cancer and highlight potential strategies and targets for early prevention of pancreatic cancer and its therapeutics. Smoking is positively correlated with Kras mutation and P16 hypermethylation NNK promotes acinar-to-ductal metastasis and preneoplasia lesions in rats NNK promotes desmoplastic reaction and Gli1 expression in chronic pancreatitis NNK facilitates the growth and migration of cancer via Sonic Hedgehog signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lucas Wong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A and M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A and M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A and M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Liu H, Dong Z. Cancer Etiology and Prevention Principle: "1 + X". Cancer Res 2021; 81:5377-5395. [PMID: 34470778 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was previously thought to be an inevitable aspect of human health with no effective treatments. However, the results of in-depth cancer research suggest that most types of cancer may be preventable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disparities in cancer burden caused by different risk factors is essential to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. Here, we propose the cancer etiology and prevention principle "1 + X," where 1 denotes the primary risk factor for a cancer and X represents the secondary contributing risk factors for the cancer. We elaborate upon the "1 + X" principle with respect to risk factors for several different cancer types. The "1 + X" principle can be used for precise prevention of cancer by eliminating the main cause of a cancer and minimizing the contributing factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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8
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Gunda V, Chhonker YS, Natesh NS, Raut P, Muniyan S, Wyatt TA, Murry DJ, Batra SK, Rachagani S. Nuclear factor kappa-B contributes to cigarette smoke tolerance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through cysteine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112312. [PMID: 34678726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective studies revealed that cigarette smoking enhances risk of incidence and worsens prognosis in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. Poor prognosis in smoker cohort of PC patients indicates prevalence of cigarette smoke stimulated survival mechanisms yet to be explored in PC. In this study, cigarette smoke induced metabolic pathways were explored and targeted in PC. METHODS Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell (PDAC) lines, genetically engineered mice models (GEMMs), mass spectrometry based heavy isotope-based metabolite analysis, cytotoxicity assays and Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) targeting were utilized in this study. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared fresh each day by bubbling cell culture media with the smoke emitted from 85 mm, filtered, Code 1R6F reference cigarettes and used for in vitro procedures. High dose cigarette smoke exposure of GEMMs was achieved by daily exposure of animals to similar cigarettes, 6 h/day for a total period of 180 days. FINDINGS We observed that PDAC cells upregulate glutathione anabolism through cysteine uptake and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), supporting survival, upon CSE exposure. In vivo, cigarette smoke exposure leads to concomitant upregulation of GCLM and activated NF-kB in the PDAC consistent with in vitro, in CSE-exposed PDAC. Finally, either inhibition of NF-kB or depletion of cysteine impaired PDAC cell survival in cigarette smoke exposed conditions through suppression of glutathione and ROS enhancement, reverted by glutathione supplementation. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate scope for targeting smoke induced, NF-kB mediated, cysteine and glutathione metabolism for improving the survival of smoke addicted PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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9
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Powell SF, Vu L, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. The Key Differences between Human Papillomavirus-Positive and -Negative Head and Neck Cancers: Biological and Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5206. [PMID: 34680354 PMCID: PMC8533896 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a unique malignancy associated with two distinct risk factors: exposure to typical carcinogens and infection of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV encodes the potent oncoproteins E6 and E7, which bypass many important oncogenic processes and result in cancer development. In contrast, HPV-negative HNSCC is developed through multiple mutations in diverse oncogenic driver genes. While the risk factors associated with HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs are discrete, HNSCC patients still show highly complex molecular signatures, immune infiltrations, and treatment responses even within the same anatomical subtypes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of biological mechanisms, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes in comparison between HPV-positive and -negative HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F. Powell
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Lexi Vu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - William C. Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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10
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Huang J, Chen Z, Ding C, Lin S, Wan D, Ren K. Prognostic Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets Among CXC Chemokines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711402. [PMID: 34497764 PMCID: PMC8419473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the principal causes of tumor-related death worldwide. CXC chemokines, a subfamily of functional chemotactic peptides, affect the initiation of tumor cells and clinical outcomes in several human malignant tumors. However, the specific biological functions and clinical significance of CXC chemokines in pancreatic cancer have not been clarified. Methods Bioinformatics analysis tools and databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA2, the Human Protein Atlas, DAVID, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, STRING, DGidb, MethSurv, TRRUST, SurvExpress, SurvivalMeth, and TIMER, were utilized to clarify the clinical significance and biological functions of CXC chemokine in pancreatic cancer. Results Except for CXCL11/12, the transcriptional levels of other CXC chemokines in PAAD tissues were significantly elevated, and the expression level of CXCL16 was the highest among these CXC chemokines. Our findings also suggested that all of the CXC chemokines were linked to tumor-immune dysfunction involving the abundance of immune cell infiltration, and the Cox proportional hazard model confirmed that dendritic and CXCL3/5/7/8/11/17 were significantly associated with the clinical outcome of PAAD patients. Furthermore, increasing expressions of CXCL5/9/10/11/17 were related to unfavorable overall survival (OS), and only CXCL17 was a prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) in PAAD patients. The expression pattern and prognostic power of CXC chemokines were further validated in the independent GSE62452 dataset. For the prognostic value of single CpG of DNA methylation of CXC chemokines in patients with PAAD, we identified 3 CpGs of CXCL1, 2 CpGs of CXCL2, 2 CpGs of CXCL3, 3 CpGs of CXCL4, 10 CpGs of CXCL5, 1 CpG of CXCL6, 1 CpG of CXCL7, 3 CpGs of CXCL12, 3 CpGs of CXCL14, and 5 CpGs of CXCL17 that were significantly associated with prognosis in PAAD patients. Moreover, the prognostic value of CXC chemokine signature in PAAD was explored and tested in two independent cohort, and results indicated that the patients in the low-risk group had a better OS compared with the high-risk group. Survival analysis of the DNA methylation of CXC chemokine signature demonstrated that PAAD patients in the high-risk group had longer survival times. Conclusions These findings reveal the novel insights into CXC chemokine expression and their biological functions in the pancreatic cancers, which might serve as accurate prognostic biomarkers and suitable immunotherapeutic targets for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuiwu Ren
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
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11
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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12
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Hu JX, Zhao CF, Chen WB, Liu QC, Li QW, Lin YY, Gao F. Pancreatic cancer: A review of epidemiology, trend, and risk factors. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4298-4321. [PMID: 34366606 PMCID: PMC8316912 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers, pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection. At present, the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide, no matter in the United States, Europe, Japan, or China. Globally, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050, with the average annual growth of 1.1%, meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden. Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas, the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer. In this paper, the epidemiological characteristics, developmental trends, and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Hu
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine in University of Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Biao Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou 362011, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Cai Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qu-Wen Li
- Department of Priority Laboratory for Zoonoses Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan-Ya Lin
- Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian Province, China
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13
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Poh AR, Ernst M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Therapeutic Opportunities and Clinical Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122860. [PMID: 34201127 PMCID: PMC8226457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a major component of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and their increased abundance is associated with poor patient survival. Given the multi-faceted role of macrophages in promoting pancreatic tumor development and progression, these cells represent promising targets for anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignant disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Macrophages are one of the earliest infiltrating cells in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and are associated with an increased risk of disease progression, recurrence, metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated an unequivocal role of macrophages in PDAC by contributing to chronic inflammation, cancer cell stemness, desmoplasia, immune suppression, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Several macrophage-targeting therapies have also been investigated in pre-clinical models, and include macrophage depletion, inhibiting macrophage recruitment, and macrophage reprogramming. However, the effectiveness of these drugs in pre-clinical models has not always translated into clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that underpin macrophage heterogeneity within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and examine the contribution of macrophages at various stages of PDAC progression. We also provide a comprehensive update of macrophage-targeting therapies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, and discuss clinical challenges associated with these treatment modalities in human PDAC patients.
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14
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Mallya K, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Batra SK, Jain M. Modeling pancreatic cancer in mice for experimental therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188554. [PMID: 33945847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is characterized by early metastasis, low resectability, high recurrence, and therapy resistance. The experimental mouse models have played a central role in understanding the pathobiology of PDAC and in the preclinical evaluation of various therapeutic modalities. Different mouse models with targetable pathological hallmarks have been developed and employed to address the unique challenges associated with PDAC progression, metastasis, and stromal heterogeneity. Over the years, mouse models have evolved from simple cell line-based heterotopic and orthotopic xenografts in immunocompromised mice to more complex and realistic genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) involving multi-gene manipulations. The GEMMs, mostly driven by KRAS mutation(s), have been widely accepted for therapeutic optimization due to their high penetrance and ability to recapitulate the histological, molecular, and pathological hallmarks of human PDAC, including comparable precursor lesions, extensive metastasis, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Advanced GEMMs modified to express fluorescent proteins have allowed cell lineage tracing to provide novel insights and a new understanding about the origin and contribution of various cell types in PDAC pathobiology. The syngeneic mouse models, GEMMs, and target-specific transgenic mice have been extensively used to evaluate immunotherapies and study therapy-induced immune modulation in PDAC yielding meaningful results to guide various clinical trials. The emerging mouse models for parabiosis, hepatic metastasis, cachexia, and image-guided implantation, are increasingly appreciated for their high translational significance. In this article, we describe the contribution of various experimental mouse models to the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology and their utility in evaluating and optimizing therapeutic modalities for this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Tao X, Xiang H, Pan Y, Shang D, Guo J, Gao G, Xiao GG. Pancreatitis initiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Pathophysiology explaining clinical evidence. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105595. [PMID: 33823219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant lethal disease due to its asymptomatic at its early lesion of the disease and drug resistance. Target therapy associated with molecular pathways so far seems not to produce reasonable outcomes. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-initiated tumorigenesis may be helpful for development of an effective therapy of the disease. A line of studies showed that pancreatic tumorigenesis was resulted from pancreatitis, which was caused synergistically by various pancreatic cells. This review focuses on those players and their possible clinic implications, such as exocrine acinar cells, ductal cells, and various stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, adipocytes and endothelial cells, working together with each other in an inflammation-mediated microenvironment governed by a myriad of cellular signaling networks towards PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; The UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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16
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Yang S, Liu Q, Liao Q. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Origin, Polarization, Function, and Reprogramming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:607209. [PMID: 33505964 PMCID: PMC7829544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC is only cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains a relatively high possibility of recurrence. The development of PDAC is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the pancreatic tumor stroma. TAMs are inclined to M2 deviation in the tumor microenvironment, which promotes and supports tumor behaviors, including tumorigenesis, immune escape, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the latest researches on the origin, polarization, functions, and reprogramming of TAMs in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Khurana N, Dodhiawala PB, Bulle A, Lim KH. Deciphering the Role of Innate Immune NF-ĸB Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092675. [PMID: 32961746 PMCID: PMC7564842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic inflammation is a major mechanism that underlies the aggressive nature and treatment resistance of pancreatic cancer. In many ways, the molecular mechanisms that drive chronic inflammation in pancreatic cancer are very similar to our body’s normal innate immune response to injury or invading microorganisms. Therefore, during cancer development, pancreatic cancer cells hijack the innate immune pathway to foster a chronically inflamed tumor environment that helps shield them from immune attack and therapeutics. While blocking the innate immune pathway is theoretically reasonable, untoward side effects must also be addressed. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the literature that describe the role of innate immune signaling in pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the specific role of this pathway in different cell types. We review the interaction of the innate immune pathway and cancer-driving signaling in pancreatic cancer and provide an updated overview of novel therapeutic opportunities against this mechanism. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers with no effective treatment option. A predominant hallmark of PDAC is the intense fibro-inflammatory stroma which not only physically collapses vasculature but also functionally suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Constitutive and induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factors is a major mechanism that drives inflammation in PDAC. While targeting this pathway is widely supported as a promising therapeutic strategy, clinical success is elusive due to a lack of safe and effective anti-NF-κB pathway therapeutics. Furthermore, the cell type-specific contribution of this pathway, specifically in neoplastic cells, stromal fibroblasts, and immune cells, has not been critically appraised. In this article, we highlighted seminal and recent literature on molecular mechanisms that drive NF-κB activity in each of these major cell types in PDAC, focusing specifically on the innate immune Toll-like/IL-1 receptor pathway. We reviewed recent evidence on the signaling interplay between the NF-κB and oncogenic KRAS signaling pathways in PDAC cells and their collective contribution to cancer inflammation. Lastly, we reviewed clinical trials on agents that target the NF-κB pathway and novel therapeutic strategies that have been proposed in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Khurana
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paarth B Dodhiawala
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ashenafi Bulle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kian-Huat Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and The Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Osna NA, Bhatia R, Thompson C, Batra SK, Kumar S, Cho Y, Szabo G, Molina PE, Weinman SA, Ganesan M, Kharbanda KK. Role of non-Genetic Risk Factors in Exacerbating Alcohol-related organ damage. Alcohol 2020; 87:63-72. [PMID: 32497558 PMCID: PMC7483997 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a summary of the symposium titled "Role of Non-Genetic Risk Factors in Exacerbating Alcohol-Related Organ Damage", which was held at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism. The goals of the symposium were to provide newer insights into the role of non-genetic factors, including specific external factors, notably infectious agents or lifestyle factors, that synergistically act to exacerbate alcohol pathogenicity to generate more dramatic downstream biological defects. This summary of the symposium will benefit junior/senior basic scientists and clinicians currently investigating/treating alcohol-induced organ pathology, as well as undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students and fellows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yeonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, LSUHSC-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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19
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Ben Q, Sun Y, Liu J, Wang W, Zou D, Yuan Y. Nicotine promotes tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2020; 20:698-708. [PMID: 32354626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine, the major component of cigarette smoke, has been reported to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and invasion. Deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression is found in many cancers, including PDAC. The effects of nicotine on miRNAs change in PDAC progression remain unknown. METHODS The effects of cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure on PDAC cell lines and tissues were evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization assays were used to determine miR-155-5p expression in human PDAC tissue and cell lines upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure. Bioinformatics, loss-of-function experiments, luciferase reporter assay were performed to validate Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (NDFIP1) as a direct target of miR-155-5p. The potentials of systemic miR-155-5p inhibitor-based therapy in overcoming nicotine exposure were evaluated in tumor xenograft model. RESULTS Nicotine promoted PDAC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a dose-response manner. MiR-155-5p was found to be highly expressed in PDAC cell lines and tissues upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure. Functional studies showed that miR-155-5p knockdown could override the enhancement of oncogenic activity due to nicotine exposure in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of NDFIP1. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that nicotine-regulated miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 promotes tumor progression and EMT of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Ben
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yaozong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Gupta S, Prajapati A, Gulati M, Gautam SK, Kumar S, Dalal V, Talmon GA, Rachagani S, Jain M. Irreversible and sustained upregulation of endothelin axis during oncogene-associated pancreatic inflammation and cancer. Neoplasia 2020; 22:98-110. [PMID: 31923844 PMCID: PMC6951489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its two receptors, endothelin receptor A (ETAR) and endothelin receptor B (ETBR) exhibit deregulated overexprerssion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatitis. We examined the expression pattern of endothelin (ET) axis components in the murine models of chronic and acute inflammation in the presence or absence of oncogenic K-ras. While the expression of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), ET-1, ETAR and ETBR in the normal pancreas is restricted predominantly to the islet cells, progressive increase of ET receptors in ductal cells and stromal compartment is observed in the KC model (Pdx-1 Cre; K-rasG12D) of PDAC. In the murine pancreas harboring K-rasG12D mutation (KC mice), following acute inflammation induced by cerulein, increased ETAR and ETBR expression is observed in the amylase and CK19 double positive cells that represent cells undergoing pancreatic acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM). As compared to the wild type (WT) mice, cerulein treatment in KC mice resulted in significantly higher levels of ECE-1, ET-1, ETAR and ETBR, transcripts in the pancreas. Similarly, in response to cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation, the expression of ET axis components is significantly upregulated in the pancreas of KC mice as compared to the WT mice. In addition to the expression in the precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN lesions) in cigarette smoke-exposure model and metaplastic ducts in cerulein-treatment model, ETAR and ETBR expression is also observed in infiltrating F4/80 positive macrophages and α-SMA positive fibroblasts and high co-localization was seen in the presence of oncogenic K-ras. In conclusion, both chronic and acute pancreatic inflammation in the presence of oncogenic K-ras contribute to sustained upregulation of ET axis components in the ductal and stromal cells suggesting a potential role of ET axis in the initiation and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Avi Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vipin Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Protects Acinar Cells From Cerulein-Induced Damage During Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2020; 49:1297-1306. [PMID: 33122517 PMCID: PMC8056863 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising marker for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and multiple organ failure, suggesting systemic and local contributions during pancreatitis. We investigated the role of NGAL locally on acinar cell biology. METHODS Western blot, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to analyze the levels of NGAL receptors, apoptotic and regeneration markers, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) levels, 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and annexin V/propidium iodide staining were used to evaluate cell viability, and effect on endothelial cells was accessed by endothelial permeability assay. RESULTS Cerulein treatment at 20 μM for 12 hours significantly reduced acinar cell viability by 40%, which was rescued by NGAL at 800 and 1600 ng/mL concentrations, observed during mild and SAP, respectively. Mechanistically, NGAL significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and 4HNE adduct formation in a 24p3R-dependent manner and upregulated the expression of acinar cell regeneration markers, like CDK-2, CDK-4, and C-myc. However, SAP levels of NGAL significantly increased endothelial permeability and downregulated the levels of ZO-1, and cerulein treatment in NGAL knockout mice showed increased levels of 4HNE adducts. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin rescues intracellular reactive oxygen species during pancreatitis and promotes survival and regeneration of acinar cells.
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Abstract
Current evidence on cigarette smoking associated with pancreatic cancer mortality is limited. We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify relevant studies published through January 31, 2018. A random-effects model was used to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 20 studies were retrieved, involving 2,517,623 participants. Of these, more than 15,341 patients with pancreatic cancer died. Compared with never smokers, current (summary HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.34-1.83) and former (summary HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.26) smokers had elevated risk of total mortality in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. This effect of cigarette smoking is observed both in the Western regions and the Asia-Pacific regions. This effect of smoking is independent of alcohol use, body mass index, and history of diabetes but is modified by tumor stage and study settings. Dose-response associations between smoking and pancreatic cancer mortality were revealed for smoking intensity, cumulative amount of cigarettes smoked, and duration of smoking. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in total mortality for patients with pancreatic cancer. Future studies should further clarify the role of smoking as an effect modifier in treatment trials of pancreatic cancer.
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23
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Asai N, Kubo A, Suzuki S, Murotani K, Numanami H, Yoshikawa K, Ueda R, Yamaguchi E. CCR4 Expression in Tumor-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Prognostic Factor for Relapse and Survival. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:163-173. [PMID: 30907146 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1582848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating effector regulatory T cells (eTregs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), eTregs were evaluated by immunohistochemical detection of CCR4 and Foxp3 in 108 consecutive surgical NSCLC tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that a high ratio of CCR4+ eTregs to total Tregs (≥40%) was the only independent risk factor for relapse-free survival (odds ratio [OR]: 6.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.67-25.7, p = .007) and overall survival (OR: 3.76, p = .037) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). These results highlight the prognostic importance of the balance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs in resected lung SqCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Asai
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Akihito Kubo
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- b Department of Tumor Immunology , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- c Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Hiroki Numanami
- d Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- e Promoting Center for Clinical Research , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- b Department of Tumor Immunology , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
| | - Etsuro Yamaguchi
- a Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine , Aichi Medical University School of Medicine , Nagakute , Japan
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24
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Srinivasan S, Totiger T, Shi C, Castellanos J, Lamichhane P, Dosch AR, Messaggio F, Kashikar N, Honnenahally K, Ban Y, Merchant NB, VanSaun M, Nagathihalli NS. Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6146-6158. [PMID: 30232221 PMCID: PMC6214726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC development and progression in smokers are still unclear. Here, we show the role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced PDAC. Smokers had significantly higher levels of activated CREB when compared with nonsmokers. Cell lines derived from normal pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN) exhibited low baseline pCREB levels compared with PDAC cell lines. Furthermore, elevated CREB expression correlated with reduced survival in patients with PDAC. Depletion of CREB significantly reduced tumor burden after tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) treatment, suggesting a CREB-dependent contribution to PDAC growth and progression in smokers. Conversely, NNK accelerated PanIN lesion and PDAC formation via GM-CSF-mediated activation of CREB in a PDAC mouse model. CREB inhibition (CREBi) in mice more effectively reduced primary tumor burden compared with control or GM-CSF blockade alone following NNK exposure. GM-CSF played a role in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and promotion, whereas CREBi significantly reduced TAM and Treg populations in NNK-exposed mice. Overall, these results suggest that NNK exposure leads to activation of CREB through GM-CSF, promoting inflammatory and Akt pathways. Direct inhibition of CREB, but not GM-CSF, effectively abrogates these effects and inhibits tumor progression, offering a viable therapeutic strategy for patients with PDAC.Significance: These findings identify GM-CSF-induced CREB as a driver of pancreatic cancer in smokers and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting CREB to reduce PDAC tumor growth.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/21/6146/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(21); 6146-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Srinivasan
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tulasigeri Totiger
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason Castellanos
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Austin R Dosch
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Fanuel Messaggio
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nilesh Kashikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Yuguang Ban
- Department of Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael VanSaun
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Nagaraj S Nagathihalli
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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25
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Hernández-Garduño E. The impact of tobacco tax/law implementation on pancreatic cancer mortality in Mexico, 1999-2015. Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:ed85. [PMID: 30483361 PMCID: PMC6214680 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.ed85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the multiple aetiologies identified for pancreatic cancer (PC), cigarette smoking and diabetes are considered “moderate risk factors”. Analysis of PC mortality trends is important as changes in incidence and mortality of this tumour can be partially attributable to changes in smoking patterns. A recent Mexican study examined PC mortality trends and showed a favourable trend from 2000 to 2014 [1]. However, the impact of new tobacco tax/laws which were implemented in Mexico in 2007/2008 was not assessed in this study. In this re-analysis we assessed their impact on PC mortality and found a non-statistically significant trend from 1999 to 2008 - however, PC mortality statistically decreased from 2008 with an annual percent change or APC of −1.27, −1.23 and −1.17 in both sexes, females and males respectively, p < 0.05. These declines are likely resulting in part from new tobacco tax/laws which are likely contributing to the decrease over time of smoking prevalence and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hernández-Garduño
- Department of Education and Health Research, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de México y Municipios (ISSEMyM), Toluca, México 50080, Mexico
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26
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Bannon SA, Montiel MF, Goldstein JB, Dong W, Mork ME, Borras E, Hasanov M, Varadhachary GR, Maitra A, Katz MH, Feng L, Futreal A, Fogelman DR, Vilar E, McAllister F. High Prevalence of Hereditary Cancer Syndromes and Outcomes in Adults with Early-Onset Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:679-686. [PMID: 30274973 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We aimed to determine the prevalence and landscape of germline mutations among patients with young-onset pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as well as their influence in prognosis.Methods: Patients from two cohorts were studied, the high-risk cohort (HRC), which included 584 PDAC patients who received genetic counseling at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and a general cohort (GC) with 233 metastatic PDAC patients. We defined germline DNA sequencing on 13 known pancreatic cancer susceptibility genes. The prevalence and landscape of mutations were determined, and clinical characteristics including survival were analyzed.Results: A total of 409 patients underwent genetic testing (277 from HRC and 132 from GC). As expected, the HRC had higher prevalence of germline mutations compared with the GC: 17.3% versus 6.81%. The most common mutations in both cohorts were in BRCA1/2 and mismatch-repair (MMR) genes. Patients younger than 60 years old had significantly higher prevalence of germline mutations in both the HRC [odds ratios (OR), 1.93 ± 1.03-3.70, P = 0.039] and GC (4.78 ± 1.10-32.95, P = 0.036). Furthermore, PDAC patients with germline mutations in the GC had better overall survival than patients without mutations (HR, 0.44; 95% CI of HR, 0.25-0.76, P = 0.030).Discussion: Germline mutations are highly prevalent in patients with PDAC of early onset and can be predictive of better outcomes. Considering emerging screening strategies for relatives carrying susceptibility genes as well as impact on therapy choices, genetic counseling and testing should be encouraged in PDAC patients, particularly those of young onset. Cancer Prev Res; 11(11); 679-86. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Bannon
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria F Montiel
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer B Goldstein
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenli Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maureen E Mork
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ester Borras
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Merve Hasanov
- Internal Medicine Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gauri R Varadhachary
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Fogelman
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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27
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Lee NH, Nikfarjam M, He H. Functions of the CXC ligand family in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Pancreatology 2018; 18:705-716. [PMID: 30078614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is the major contributor to the poor prognosis of and low survival from pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer progression is a complex process reliant on interactions between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Members of the CXCL family of chemokines are present in the pancreatic TME and seem to play a vital role in regulating PC progression. As pancreatic tumors interact with the TME and with PC stem cells (CSCs), determining the roles of specific members of the CXCL family is vital to the development of improved therapies. This review highlights the roles of selected CXCLs in the interactions between pancreatic tumor and its stroma, and in CSC phenotypes, which can be used to identify potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Hung Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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28
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Nimmakayala RK, Seshacharyulu P, Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Chugh S, Karmakar S, Rauth S, Vengoji R, Atri P, Talmon GA, Lele SM, Smith LM, Thapa I, Bastola D, Ouellette MM, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Cigarette Smoke Induces Stem Cell Features of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via PAF1. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:892-908.e6. [PMID: 29864419 PMCID: PMC6120776 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Aggressive pancreatic tumors contain cancer cells with stem cell features. We investigated whether cigarette smoke induces stem cell features in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air (controls) for up to 20 weeks; pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. HPNE and Capan1 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), nicotine and nicotine-derived carcinogens (NNN or NNK), or clean air (controls) for 80 days and evaluated for stem cell markers and features using flow cytometry-based autofluorescence, sphere formation, and immunoblot assays. Proteins were knocked down in cells with small interfering RNAs. We performed RNA sequencing analyses of CSE-exposed cells. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to confirm the binding of FOS-like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL1) to RNA polymerase II-associated factor (PAF1) promoter. We obtained pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and matched nontumor tissues (n = 15) and performed immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Chronic exposure of HPNE and Capan1 cells to CSE caused them to increase markers of stem cells, including autofluorescence and sphere formation, compared with control cells. These cells increased expression of ABCG2, SOX9, and PAF1, via cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7) signaling to mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and FOSL1. CSE-exposed pancreatic cells with knockdown of PAF1 did not show stem cell features. Exposure of cells to NNN and NNK led to increased expression of CHRNA7, FOSL1, and PAF1 along with stem cell features. Pancreata from KrasG12D; Pdx1-Cre mice exposed to cigarette smoke had increased levels of PAF1 mRNA and protein, compared with control mice, as well as increased expression of SOX9. Levels of PAF1 and FOSL1 were increased in PDAC tissues, especially those from smokers, compared with nontumor pancreatic tissue. CSE exposure increased expression of PHD-finger protein 5A, a pluripotent transcription factor and its interaction with PAF1. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to cigarette smoke activates stem cell features of pancreatic cells, via CHRNA7 signaling and FOSL1 activation of PAF1 expression. Levels of PAF1 are increased in pancreatic tumors of humans and mice with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Saswati Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Dhundy Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Correspondence: Moorthy P. Ponnusamy and Surinder K. Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A., Phone: 402-559-1170, Fax: 402-559-6650, (M.P.P) and (S.K.B)
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29
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Experimental models of pancreatic cancer desmoplasia. J Transl Med 2018; 98:27-40. [PMID: 29155423 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoplasia is a fibro-inflammatory process and a well-established feature of pancreatic cancer. A key contributor to pancreatic cancer desmoplasia is the pancreatic stellate cell. Various in vitro and in vivo methods have emerged for the isolation, characterization, and use of pancreatic stellate cells in models of cancer-associated fibrosis. In addition to cell culture models, genetically engineered animal models have been established that spontaneously develop pancreatic cancer with desmoplasia. These animal models are currently being used for the study of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and for evaluating therapeutics against pancreatic cancer. Here, we review various in vitro and in vivo models that are being used or have the potential to be used to study desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer.
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30
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Zhao S, Jiang T, Zhang L, Yang H, Liu X, Jia Y, Zhou C. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36065-36073. [PMID: 27153545 PMCID: PMC5094983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic and clinicopathological value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains undetermined. A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases (up to December 2015) was conducted. Relationship between Tregs infiltration and clinicopathological features, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was investigated by synthesizing the qualified data. A total of 1303 NSCLC patients from 11 studies were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival showed that high Tregs infiltration had no effect on RFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 0.61–3.44, P = 0.708) and OS (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.58–1.62, P = 0.981). High FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration was significantly associated with poor OS in NSCLC (HR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.45–5.40, P = 0.000). Test methods, ethnicity and types of specimens had no effect on predicting prognosis of Tregs infiltration. While high Tregs infiltration was significantly correlated with smoking status [odds ratios (ORs) = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.15–2.08; P = 0.004], none of other clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, histological type, lymph node metastasis status, tumor size, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion and pleural invasion were associated with Tregs infiltration. The present study demonstrated that high FoxP3+ Tregs infiltration was significantly associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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Korc M, Jeon CY, Edderkaoui M, Pandol SJ, Petrov MS. Tobacco and alcohol as risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:529-536. [PMID: 29195672 PMCID: PMC5747325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the leading cause of cancer deaths by 2050. The risk for pancreatic cancer may be reduced by up to 27% by modifying lifestyle risk factors, most notably tobacco smoking. Based on analysis of more than 2 million unselected individuals from general population, this article quantified the risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to lifelong tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption status, both alone and in combination. It also provided a state-of-the-art review of animal studies on the effect of tobacco smoke and alcohol on genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic precursor lesions, as well as the role of immune microenvironment in pancreatic carcinogenesis activated by tobacco and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Korc
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center and the Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Christie Y Jeon
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Jones MS, Jones PC, Stern SL, Elashoff D, Hoon DSB, Thompson J, Mozzillo N, Nieweg OE, Noyes D, Hoekstra HJ, Zager JS, Roses DF, Testori A, Coventry BJ, Smithers MB, Andtbacka R, Agnese D, Schultz E, Hsueh EC, Kelley M, Schneebaum S, Jacobs L, Bowles T, Kashani-Sabet M, Johnson D, Faries MB. The Impact of Smoking on Sentinel Node Metastasis of Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2089-2094. [PMID: 28224364 PMCID: PMC5553293 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a well-established causative relationship exists between smoking and several epithelial cancers, the association of smoking with metastatic progression in melanoma is not well studied. We hypothesized that smokers would be at increased risk for melanoma metastasis as assessed by sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. METHODS Data from the first international Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT-I) and the screening-phase of the second trial (MSLT-II) were analyzed to determine the association of smoking with clinicopathologic variables and SLN metastasis. RESULTS Current smoking was strongly associated with SLN metastasis (p = 0.004), even after adjusting for other predictors of metastasis. Among 4231 patients (1025 in MSLT-I and 3206 in MSLT-II), current or former smoking was also independently associated with ulceration (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Compared with current smoking, never smoking was independently associated with decreased Breslow thickness in multivariate analysis (p = 0.002) and with a 0.25 mm predicted decrease in thickness. CONCLUSION The direct correlation between current smoking and SLN metastasis of primary cutaneous melanoma was independent of its correlation with tumor thickness and ulceration. Smoking cessation should be strongly encouraged among patients with or at risk for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris S Jones
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Peter C Jones
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Stacey L Stern
- Department of Biostatistics, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - John Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Omgo E Nieweg
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk Noyes
- IHC Cancer Services, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendon J Coventry
- Royal Adelaide Hospital Discipline of Surgery, Royal Adelaide HospitalUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark B Smithers
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Erwin Schultz
- Nuremberg General Hospital - Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Jacobs
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tawnya Bowles
- IHC Cancer Services, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Mark B Faries
- Department of Melanoma Research, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
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Yuan C, Morales-Oyarvide V, Babic A, Clish CB, Kraft P, Bao Y, Qian ZR, Rubinson DA, Ng K, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Stampfer MJ, Gaziano JM, Sesso HD, Cochrane BB, Manson JE, Fuchs CS, Wolpin BM. Cigarette Smoking and Pancreatic Cancer Survival. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:1822-1828. [PMID: 28358654 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cigarette smoking is associated with increased incidence of pancreatic cancer. However, few studies have prospectively evaluated the association of smoking with patient survival. Patients and Methods We analyzed survival by smoking status among 1,037 patients from two large US prospective cohort studies diagnosed from 1986 to 2013. Among 485 patients from four prospective US cohorts, we also evaluated survival by prediagnostic circulating levels of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine that is proportional to tobacco smoke exposure. On the basis of prediagnosis cotinine levels, we classified patients as nonsmokers (< 3.1 ng/mL), light smokers (3.1-20.9 ng/mL), or heavy smokers (≥ 21.0 ng/mL). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for death by using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes status, diagnosis year, and cancer stage. Results The multivariable-adjusted HR for death was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.69) comparing current smokers with never smokers ( P = .003). A statistically significant negative trend in survival was observed for increasing pack-years of smoking ( Ptrend = .008), with HR for death of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.05 to 2.10) for > 60 pack-years of smoking versus never smoking. Survival among former smokers was similar to that for never smokers, regardless of time since quitting. Heavy smokers defined by prediagnostic circulating cotinine levels had a multivariable-adjusted HR for death of 1.76 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.51) compared with nonsmokers. Among patients with circulating cotinine levels measured within 5 years before diagnosis, heavy smokers had a multivariable-adjusted HR for death of 2.47 (95% CI, 1.24 to 4.92) compared with nonsmokers. Conclusion Cigarette smoking was associated with a reduction in survival among patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Vicente Morales-Oyarvide
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Ana Babic
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Ying Bao
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Douglas A Rubinson
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara B Cochrane
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Chen Yuan, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Ana Babic, Zhi Rong Qian, Douglas A. Rubinson, Kimmie Ng, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, and Brian M. Wolpin, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School; Chen Yuan, Peter Kraft, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, Howard D. Sesso, and JoAnn E. Manson, Harvard School of Public Health; Ying Bao, Edward L. Giovannucci, Shuji Ogino, Meir J. Stampfer, John Michael Gaziano, Howard D. Sesso, JoAnn E. Manson, and Charles S. Fuchs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; John Michael Gaziano, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston; Clary B. Clish, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and Barbara B. Cochrane, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
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HDAC3 mediates smoking-induced pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7747-60. [PMID: 26745602 PMCID: PMC4884951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for developing pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, little is known about the mechanisms involved. Here we employed a genetic animal model of early stages of PDAC that overexpresses oncogenic Kras in the pancreas to investigate the mechanisms of smoking-induced promotion of the disease in vivo. We confirmed the regulation of the interactions between the tumor microenvironment cells using in vitro cellular systems. Aerial exposure to cigarette smoke stimulated development of pancreatic intraepithelial neaoplasia (PanIN) lesions associated with a tumor microenvironment-containing features of human PDAC including fibrosis, activated stellate cells, M2-macrophages and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The pro-cancer effects of smoking were prevented by Histone Deacetylase HDAC I/II inhibitor Saha. Smoking decreased histone acetylation associated with recruitment of and phenotypic changes in macrophages; which in turn, stimulated survival and induction of EMT of the pre-cancer and cancer cells. The interaction between the cancer cells and macrophages is mediated by IL-6 produced under the regulation of HDAC3 translocation to the nucleus in the cancer cells. Pharmacological and molecular inhibitions of HDAC3 decreased IL-6 levels in cancer cells. IL-6 stimulated the macrophage phenotype change through regulation of the IL-4 receptor level of the macrophage. This study demonstrates a novel pathway of interaction between cancer cells and tumor promoting macrophages involving HDAC3 and IL-6. It further demonstrates that targeting HDAC3 prevents progression of the disease and could provide a strategy for treating the disease considering that the HDAC inhibitor we used is FDA approved for a different disease.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review intends to describe recent studies on the development of pancreatic cancer from a genetic, molecular, and microenvironment perspective. RECENT FINDINGS Pancreatic cancer has been discovered to have distinct molecular subtypes based on transcriptome analyses that may have implications for treatment. Recent studies are also mapping the complex molecular biology of this cancer as it relates to the core signaling abnormalities inherent to this disease. There have been discoveries of novel modes of regulation of pancreatic cancer development, including alterations in key transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and metabolic pathways. Studies of the tumor-associated microenvironment continue to reveal its complex role in tumor development. SUMMARY Pancreatic cancer development appears to depend on a multifaceted network of signals that are dynamic, involve multiple cell types, and are linked to spatiotemporal factors in tumor evolution. Understanding the development of pancreatic cancer in this context is key to identifying novel and effective targets for treatment.
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Singh S, Tyagi N, Arora S, Carter JE, Khushman M, Singh AP. MYB Promotes Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer through Direct Transcriptional Up-regulation and Cooperative Action of Sonic Hedgehog and Adrenomedullin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16263-70. [PMID: 27246849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive desmoplasia is a prominent pathological characteristic of pancreatic cancer (PC) that not only impacts tumor development, but therapeutic outcome as well. Recently, we demonstrated a novel role of MYB, an oncogenic transcription factor, in PC growth and metastasis. Here we studied its effect on pancreatic tumor histopathology and associated molecular and biological mechanisms. Tumor-xenografts derived from orthotopic-inoculation of MYB-overexpressing PC cells exhibited far-greater desmoplasia in histological analyses compared with those derived from MYB-silenced PC cells. These findings were further confirmed by immunostaining of tumor-xenograft sections with collagen-I, fibronectin (major extracellular-matrix proteins), and α-SMA (well-characterized marker of myofibroblasts or activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs)). Likewise, MYB-overexpressing PC cells provided significantly greater growth benefit to PSCs in a co-culture system as compared with the MYB-silenced cells. Interrogation of deep-sequencing data from MYB-overexpressing versus -silenced PC cells identified Sonic-hedgehog (SHH) and Adrenomedullin (ADM) as two differentially-expressed genes among others, which encode for secretory ligands involved in tumor-stromal cross-talk. In-silico analyses predicted putative MYB-binding sites in SHH and ADM promoters, which was later confirmed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. A cooperative role of SHH and ADM in growth promotion of PSCs was confirmed in co-culture by using their specific-inhibitors and exogenous recombinant-proteins. Importantly, while SHH acted exclusively in a paracrine fashion on PSCs and influenced the growth of PC cells only indirectly, ADM could directly impact the growth of both PC cells and PSCs. In summary, we identified MYB as novel regulator of pancreatic tumor desmoplasia, which is suggestive of its diverse roles in PC pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seema Singh
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Sumit Arora
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and
| | - James E Carter
- Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Ajay P Singh
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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Bile acids-mediated overexpression of MUC4 via FAK-dependent c-Jun activation in pancreatic cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1063-77. [PMID: 27185392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are clinically presented with obstructive jaundice with elevated levels of circulatory bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases. In the current study, we examined the implications of bile acids (BA), an important component of bile, on the pathophysiology of PC and investigated their mechanistic association in tumor-promoting functions. Integration of results from PC patient samples and autochthonous mouse models showed an elevated levels of BA (p < 0.05) in serum samples compared to healthy controls. Similarly, an elevated BA levels was observed in pancreatic juice derived from PC patients (p < 0.05) than non-pancreatic non-healthy (NPNH) controls, further establishing the clinical association of BA with the pathogenesis of PC. The tumor-promoting functions of BA were established by observed transcriptional upregulation of oncogenic MUC4 expression. Luciferase reporter assay revealed distal MUC4 promoter as the primary responsive site to BA. In silico analysis recognized two c-Jun binding sites at MUC4 distal promoter, which was biochemically established using ChIP assay. Interestingly, BA treatment led to an increased transcription and activation of c-Jun in a FAK-dependent manner. Additionally, BA receptor, namely FXR, which is also upregulated at transcriptional level in PC patient samples, was demonstrated as an upstream molecule in BA-mediated FAK activation, plausibly by regulating Src activation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that elevated levels of BA increase the tumorigenic potential of PC cells by inducing FXR/FAK/c-Jun axis to upregulate MUC4 expression, which is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is known to be associated with progression and metastasis of PC.
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Lian C, Ruan L, Shang D, Wu Y, Lu Y, Lü P, Yang Y, Wei Y, Dong X, Ren D, Chen K, Liu H, Tu Z. Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor as a Potent Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:85-90. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lian
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lingling Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dewan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Variation in KRAS driver substitution distributions between tumor types is determined by both mutation and natural selection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21927. [PMID: 26902163 PMCID: PMC4763303 DOI: 10.1038/srep21927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different tumor types vary greatly in their distribution of driver substitutions. Here, we analyzed how mutation and natural selection contribute to differences in the distribution of KRAS driver substitutions between lung, colon and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We were able to demonstrate that both differences in mutation and differences in selection drive variation in the distribution of KRAS driver substitutions between tumor types. By accounting for the effects of mutation on the distribution of KRAS driver substitutions, we could identify specific KRAS driver substitutions that are more favored by selection in specific tumor types. Such driver substitutions likely improve fitness most when they occur within the context of the tumor type in which they are preferentially favored. Fitting with this, we found that driver substitutions that are more favored by natural selection in a specific type of tumor tend to associate with worse clinical outcomes specifically in that type of tumor.
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Ke J, Lou J, Chen X, Li J, Liu C, Gong Y, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Gong J. Identification of a Potential Regulatory Variant for Colorectal Cancer Risk Mapping to Chromosome 5q31.1: A Post-GWAS Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138478. [PMID: 26381143 PMCID: PMC4575091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have established chromosome 5q31.1 as a susceptibility locus for colorectal cancer (CRC), which was still lack of causal genetic variants. We searched potentially regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the overlap region between linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of 5q31.1 and regulatory elements predicted by histone modifications, then tested their association with CRC via a case-control study. Among three candidate common variants, we found rs17716310 conferred significantly (heterozygous model: OR = 1.273, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.016–1.595, P = 0.036) and marginally (dominant model: OR = 1.238, 95%CI = 1.000–1.532, P = 0.050) increase risk for CRC in a Chinese population including 695 cases and 709 controls. This variation was suggested to be regulatory altering the activity of enhancer that control PITX1 expression. Using epigenetic information such as chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) data might help researchers to interpret the results of GWAS and locate causal variants for diseases in post-GWAS era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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The Role of nAChR and Calcium Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1447-71. [PMID: 26264026 PMCID: PMC4586778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer shows a strong correlation with smoking and the current therapeutic strategies have been relatively ineffective in improving the survival of patients. Efforts have been made over the past many years to understand the molecular events that drive the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer, especially in the context of smoking. It has become clear that components of tobacco smoke not only initiate these cancers, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) through their mutagenic properties, but can also promote the growth and metastasis of these tumors by stimulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Studies in cell culture systems, animal models and human samples have shown that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation enhances these tumor-promoting events by channeling signaling through multiple pathways. In this context, signaling through calcium channels appear to facilitate pancreatic cancer growth by itself or downstream of nAChRs. This review article highlights the role of nAChR downstream signaling events and calcium signaling in the growth, metastasis as well as drug resistance of pancreatic cancer.
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Liao R, Yang J, Zhou BY, Li DW, Huang P, Luo SQ, Du CY. Conditional survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in surgical and nonsurgical patients: a retrospective analysis report from a single institution in China. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:196. [PMID: 26048469 PMCID: PMC4465729 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conditional survival (CS) could offer reliable prognostic information for patients who survived beyond a specified time since diagnosis when the impact of late effects have the greatest influence on prognosis. We aim to investigate CS for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with surgery and nonsurgery. Methods Chinese PDAC patients between January 2002 and September 2012 were reviewed for analyses. CS rates were calculated for survivors after surgery and nonsurgery at different time points. Results Several clinicopathologic features were associated with overall survival (OS) in each subgroup including curative resection, palliative surgery, and nonsurgery. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that chemotherapy was a critical predictor for OS regardless of treatment status. CS rates were higher in the curative resected patients than other cases at the same time points. Importantly, stratification of 1-year CS by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), (carbohydrate antigen) CA19-9, and tumor stage showed lower CEA, CA19-9, and tumor stage associated with favorable 1-year CS over time (P = 0.016, 0.009 and 0.003). Conclusions Dynamic CS estimates could be an accurate assessment for the prognosis of PDAC patients, allowing patients and clinicians to project subsequent survival based on time change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bao-Yong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - De-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shi-Qiao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng-You Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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