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Stewart KL, Szczesniak R, Liou TG. Predicting weight gain in patients with cystic fibrosis on triple combination modulator. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:1724-1730. [PMID: 38607242 PMCID: PMC11223749 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations producing dysfunctional CFTR proteins leading to progressive clinical disease. Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) remarkably improves lung disease but is associated with substantial weight gain. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a single-center longitudinal study predicting 6-month weight gain after ETI initiation. We used linear mixed effects modeling (LME) to determine association of ETI treatment with changing body mass index (BMI). Using linear regression, we examined BMI prediction models with distinct combinations of main effects to identify a model useful for patient counseling. We used up to eight commonly observed clinical characteristics as input variables (age, sex, percent predicted FEV1 [FEV1%], F508del homozygous state, pancreatic sufficiency, HgbA1c, prior modulator use and prior year number of pulmonary exacerbations). RESULTS We evaluated 154 patients (19-73 years old, 54% female, FEV1% = 19-121, 0-6 prior year pulmonary exacerbations). LME demonstrated an association between ETI use and weight increases. Exhaustive testing suggested a parsimonious linear regression model well-fitted to data that is potentially useful for counseling. The two variable model shows that on average, BMI decreases by 0.045 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = -0.069 to -0.021, p < 0.001) for every year of age and increases by 0.322 (CI = 0.142 to 0.502, p = 0.001) for each additional prior year exacerbation at the time of ETI initiation. INTERPRETATION Young patients with many prior year pulmonary exacerbations likely have the largest 6 month weight gain after starting ETI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Stewart
- The Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rhonda Szczesniak
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theodore G Liou
- The Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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2
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Zhang M, Ma Z, Yi Z, Wang H, Zhu J, Wen G, Jin H, An J, Deng Z, Tuo B, Li T, Liu X. SLC26A9 promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:123. [PMID: 38461207 PMCID: PMC10925040 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 member 9 (SLC26A9) is a member of the Slc26a family of multifunctional anion transporters that functions as a Cl- channel in parietal cells during acid secretion. We explored the role of SLC26A9 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its related mechanisms through clinical samples from CRC patients, CRC cell lines and mouse models. We observed that SLC26A9 was expressed at low levels in the cytoplasm of adjacent tissues, polyps and adenomas but was significantly increased in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, increased levels of SLC26A9 were associated with a high risk of disease and poor prognosis. In addition, downregulation of SLC26A9 in CRC cells induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis but inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SLC26A9 was colocalized with β-catenin in the nucleus of CRC cells. The translocation of these two proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus reflected the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and promoted the transcription of downstream target proteins, including CyclinD1, c-Myc and Snail, but inhibited the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt-c), cleaved Caspase9, cleaved Caspase3 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). CRC is accompanied by alteration of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Meanwhile, further studies showed that in SW48 cells, overexpressing SLC26A9 was cocultured with the β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939, β-catenin was downregulated, and EMT was reversed. Our study demonstrated SLC26A9 may be responsible for alterations in the proliferative ability and aggressive potential of CRC by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zilin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Young SM, Woode RA, Williams EC, Ericsson AC, Clarke LL. Fecal dysbiosis and inflammation in intestinal-specific Cftr knockout mice on regimens preventing intestinal obstruction. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:247-264. [PMID: 38073491 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00077.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is a poorly understood manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF), which may be refractory to ion channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy. People with CF exhibit intestinal dysbiosis, which has the potential for stimulating intestinal and systemic inflammation. CFTR is expressed in organ epithelia, leukocytes, and other tissues. Here, we investigate the contribution of intestinal epithelium-specific loss of Cftr [iCftr knockout (KO)] to dysbiosis and inflammation in mice treated with either of two antiobstructive dietary regimens necessary to maintain CF mouse models [polyethylene glycol (PEG) laxative or a liquid diet (LiqD)]. Feces collected from iCftr KO mice and their wild-type (WT) sex-matched littermates were used to measure fecal calprotectin to evaluate inflammation and to perform 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome. Fecal calprotectin was elevated in iCftr KO relative to WT mice that consumed either PEG or LiqD. PEG iCftr KO mice did not show a change in α diversity versus WT mice but demonstrated a significant difference in microbial composition (β diversity) with included increases in the phylum Proteobacteria, the family Peptostreptococcaceae, four genera of Clostridia including C. innocuum, and the mucolytic genus Akkermansia. Fecal microbiome analysis of LiqD-fed iCftr KO mice showed both decreased α diversity and differences in microbial composition with increases in the Proteobacteria family Enterobacteriaceae, Firmicutes families Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae, and enrichment of Clostridium perfringens, C. innocuum, C. difficile, mucolytic Ruminococcus gnavus, and reduction of Akkermansia. It was concluded that epithelium-specific loss of Cftr is a major driver of CF intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation with significant similarities to previous studies of pan Cftr KO mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic intestinal inflammation is a manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by loss of the anion channel CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that is expressed in many tissues. This study shows that intestinal epithelial cell-specific loss of CFTR [inducible Cftr knockout (KO)] in mice is sufficient to induce intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation. Experiments were performed on mice consuming two dietary regimens routinely used to prevent obstruction in CF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Young
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Comparative Medicine Program, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Rowena A Woode
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Estela C Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Comparative Medicine Program, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Lane L Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Bahcheli AT, Min HK, Bayati M, Zhao H, Fortuna A, Dong W, Dzneladze I, Chan J, Chen X, Guevara-Hoyer K, Dirks PB, Huang X, Reimand J. Pan-cancer ion transport signature reveals functional regulators of glioblastoma aggression. EMBO J 2024; 43:196-224. [PMID: 38177502 PMCID: PMC10897389 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels, transporters, and other ion-flux controlling proteins, collectively comprising the "ion permeome", are common drug targets, however, their roles in cancer remain understudied. Our integrative pan-cancer transcriptome analysis shows that genes encoding the ion permeome are significantly more often highly expressed in specific subsets of cancer samples, compared to pan-transcriptome expectations. To enable target selection, we identified 410 survival-associated IP genes in 33 cancer types using a machine-learning approach. Notably, GJB2 and SCN9A show prominent expression in neoplastic cells and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. GJB2 or SCN9A knockdown in patient-derived glioblastoma cells induces transcriptome-wide changes involving neuron projection and proliferation pathways, impairs cell viability and tumor sphere formation in vitro, perturbs tunneling nanotube dynamics, and extends the survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice. Thus, aberrant activation of genes encoding ion transport proteins appears as a pan-cancer feature defining tumor heterogeneity, which can be exploited for mechanistic insights and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Bahcheli
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kee Min
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masroor Bayati
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alexander Fortuna
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weifan Dong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irakli Dzneladze
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jade Chan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Songjiang Research Institute, Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kissy Guevara-Hoyer
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Immunomonitoring and Immuno-Mediated Pathologies Support Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine (IML) and Biomedical Research Foundation (IdiSCC), San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Miravitlles M, Criner GJ, Mall MA, Rowe SM, Vogelmeier CF, Hederer B, Schoenberger M, Altman P. Potential systemic effects of acquired CFTR dysfunction in COPD. Respir Med 2024; 221:107499. [PMID: 38104786 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation, respiratory symptoms, inflammation of the airways, and systemic manifestations of the disease. Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are important in the development of the disease, particularly exposure to cigarette smoke which is the most notable risk factor. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), which shares several pathophysiological pulmonary features with COPD, including airway obstruction, chronic airway inflammation and bacterial colonization; in addition, both diseases also present systemic defects leading to comorbidities such as pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and bone-related diseases. In patients with COPD, systemic CFTR dysfunction can be acquired by cigarette smoking, inflammation, and infection. This dysfunction is, on average, about half of that found in CF. Herein we review the literature focusing on acquired CFTR dysfunction and the potential role in the pathogenesis of comorbidities associated with COPD and chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Univeristy of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Marburg UKGM, German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Pablo Altman
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Hosseini ST, Nemati F. Identification of GUCA2A and COL3A1 as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer by integrating analysis of RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR validation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17086. [PMID: 37816854 PMCID: PMC10564945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
By 2030, it is anticipated that there will be 2.2 million new instances of colorectal cancer worldwide, along with 1.1 million yearly deaths. Therefore, it is critical to develop novel biomarkers that could help in CRC early detection. We performed an integrated analysis of four RNA-Seq data sets and TCGA datasets in this study to find novel biomarkers for diagnostic, prediction, and as potential therapeutic for this malignancy, as well as to determine the molecular mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis. Four RNA-Seq datasets of colorectal cancer were downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. The metaSeq package was used to integrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using the string platform, and hub genes were identified using the cytoscape software. The gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using enrichR package. Gene diagnostic sensitivity and its association to clinicopathological characteristics were demonstrated by statistical approaches. By using qRT-PCR, GUCA2A and COL3A1 were examined in colon cancer and rectal cancer. We identified 5037 differentially expressed genes, including (4752 upregulated, 285 downregulated) across the studies between CRC and normal tissues. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that the highest proportion of up-regulated DEGs was involved in RNA binding and RNA transport. Integral component of plasma membrane and mineral absorption pathways were identified as containing down-regulated DEGs. Similar expression patterns for GUCA2A and COL3A1 were seen in qRT-PCR and integrated RNA-Seq analysis. Additionally, this study demonstrated that GUCA2A and COL3A1 may play a significant role in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Taleb Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Nemati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Ionescu VA, Gheorghe G, Bacalbasa N, Chiotoroiu AL, Diaconu C. Colorectal Cancer: From Risk Factors to Oncogenesis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1646. [PMID: 37763765 PMCID: PMC10537191 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, such as abnormal cell proliferation, cell differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, invasion of structures adjacent to colorectal tumor cells, and distant metastasis, are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. These processes are initiated by the complex interaction of a number of genetic and environmental factors, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, or gut microbiota. Despite the significant progress achieved in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with colorectal cancer, there has been recently a noteworthy increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals below the age of 50 years. Early-onset colorectal cancer has a different frequency of oncogenic mutations, a higher prevalence of mucinous histology, a distinct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile, a more distal location, and lower survival rates. A significant improvement in the prognosis of these patients can be achieved through the detection and removal of modifiable risk factors, along with the implementation of personalized screening strategies for individuals at high risk for this malignancy. Furthermore, gaining comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which these risk factors contribute to the process of oncogenesis may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Alexandru Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Mollecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Gheorghe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Department of Cellular and Mollecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Camelia Diaconu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (V.A.I.); (N.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
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Parisi GF, Papale M, Pecora G, Rotolo N, Manti S, Russo G, Leonardi S. Cystic Fibrosis and Cancer: Unraveling the Complex Role of CFTR Gene in Cancer Susceptibility. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4244. [PMID: 37686519 PMCID: PMC10486401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, primarily the lungs and digestive system. Over the years, advancements in medical care and treatments have significantly increased the life expectancy of individuals with CF. However, with this improved longevity, concerns about the potential risk of developing certain types of cancers have arisen. This narrative review aims to explore the relationship between CF, increased life expectancy, and the associated risk for cancers. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying this risk, including chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and genetic factors. Additionally, we review studies that have examined the incidence and types of cancers seen in CF patients, with a focus on gastrointestinal, breast, and respiratory malignancies. We also explore the impact of CFTR modulator therapies on cancer risk. In the gastrointestinal tract, CF patients have an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and possibly esophageal cancer. The underlying mechanisms contributing to these increased risks are not fully understood, but chronic inflammation, altered gut microbiota, and genetic factors are believed to play a role. Regular surveillance and colonoscopies are recommended for early detection and management of colorectal cancer in CF patients. Understanding the factors contributing to cancer development in CF patients is crucial for implementing appropriate surveillance strategies and improving long-term outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and develop targeted interventions to mitigate cancer risk in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi sn, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.); (N.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Papale
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi sn, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.); (N.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Giulia Pecora
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi sn, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.); (N.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Novella Rotolo
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi sn, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.); (N.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human and Pediatric Pathology “Gaetano Barresi”, AOUP G. Martino, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Russo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Pediatric Respiratory Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi sn, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.); (N.R.); (S.L.)
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9
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Nikonova AS, Deneka AY, Silva FN, Pirestani S, Tricarico R, Kiseleva AA, Zhou Y, Nicolas E, Flieder DB, Grivennikov SI, Golemis EA. Loss of Pkd1 limits susceptibility to colitis and colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:40. [PMID: 37542051 PMCID: PMC10403611 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with an annual incidence of ~135,000 in the US, associated with ~50,000 deaths. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), associated with mutations disabling the PKD1 gene, affects as many as 1 in 1000. Intriguingly, some studies have suggested that individuals with germline mutations in PKD1 have reduced incidence of CRC, suggesting a genetic modifier function. Using mouse models, we here establish that loss of Pkd1 greatly reduces CRC incidence and tumor growth induced by loss of the tumor suppressor Apc. Growth of Pkd1-/-;Apc-/- organoids was reduced relative to Apc-/- organoids, indicating a cancer cell-intrinsic activity, even though Pkd1 loss enhanced activity of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Notably, Pkd1 loss increased colon barrier function, with Pkd1-deficient animals resistant to DSS-induced colitis, associated with upregulation of claudins that decrease permeability, and reduced T cell infiltration. Notably, Pkd1 loss caused greater sensitivity to activation of CFTR, a tumor suppressor in CRC, paralleling signaling relations in ADPKD. Overall, these data and other data suggest germline and somatic mutations in PKD1 may influence incidence, presentation, and treatment response in human CRC and other pathologies involving the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flaviane N Silva
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shabnam Pirestani
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rossella Tricarico
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna A Kiseleva
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas B Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Young SM, Woode RA, Williams E, Ericsson A, Clarke LL. Fecal Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Intestinal-Specific Cftr Knockout Mice on Regimens Preventing Intestinal Obstruction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550378. [PMID: 37546931 PMCID: PMC10402002 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation is a poorly understood manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis (CF), which may be refractory to ion channel CFTR modulator therapy. People with CF exhibit intestinal dysbiosis which has potential for stimulating intestinal and systemic inflammation. CFTR is expressed in organ epithelia and in the leukocyte population. Here, we investigate the contribution of intestinal epithelial-specific loss of Cftr (iCftr KO) to dysbiosis and inflammation in mice treated with either of two anti-obstructive dietary regimens necessary to maintain CF mouse models (PEG laxative or a liquid diet, LiqD). Feces collected from iCftr KO mice and their wildtype (WT) sex-matched littermates were used to measure fecal calprotectin and to perform 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome. Fecal calprotectin was elevated in iCftr KO relative to WT samples of mice consuming either PEG or LiqD. PEG iCftr KO mice did not show a change in α-diversity versus WT but demonstrated a significant difference in microbial composition (β-diversity) with increases in phylum Proteobacteria , family Peptostreptococcaceae , four genera of Clostridia including C. innocuum , and mucolytic genus Akkermansia . Fecal microbiome analysis of LiqD iCftr KO mice showed both decreased α-diversity and differences in microbial composition with increases in Proteobacteria family Enterobacteriaceae , Firmicutes families Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae , and enrichment of Clostridium perfringens , C. innocuum , C. difficile , mucolytic Ruminococcus gnavus , and reduction of Akkermansia . It was concluded that epithelial-specific loss of Cftr is a major driver of CF intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation with significant similarities to previous studies of global Cftr KO mice. New and noteworthy Chronic intestinal inflammation is a manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by loss of the anion channel CFTR that is expressed in many tissues. This study shows that intestinal epithelial cell-specific loss of CFTR (iCftr KO) in mice is sufficient to induce intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation. Studies were performed on mice consuming either dietary regimen (PEG laxative or liquid diet) routinely used to prevent obstruction in CF mice.
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11
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Yanda MK, Zeidan A, Cebotaru L. Ameliorating liver disease in an autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease mouse model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G404-G414. [PMID: 36880660 PMCID: PMC10085553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00255.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and portal hypertension, liver fibrosis, and hepatomegaly are manifestations associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), which is caused by malfunctions of fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC). The goal is to understand how liver pathology occurs and to devise therapeutic strategies to treat it. We injected 5-day-old Pkhd1del3-4/del3-4 mice for 1 mo with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator VX-809 designed to rescue processing and trafficking of CFTR folding mutants. We used immunostaining and immunofluorescence techniques to evaluate liver pathology. We assessed protein expression via Western blotting. We detected abnormal biliary ducts consistent with ductal plate abnormalities, as well as a greatly increased proliferation of cholangiocytes in the Pkhd1del3-4/del3-4 mice. CFTR was present in the apical membrane of cholangiocytes and increased in the Pkhd1del3-4/del3-4 mice, consistent with a role for apically located CFTR in enlarged bile ducts. Interestingly, we also found CFTR in the primary cilium, in association with polycystin (PC2). Localization of CFTR and PC2 and overall length of the cilia were increased in the Pkhd1del3-4/del3-4 mice. In addition, several of the heat shock proteins; 27, 70, and 90 were upregulated, suggesting that global changes in protein processing and trafficking had occurred. We found that a deficit of FPC leads to bile duct abnormalities, enhanced cholangiocyte proliferation, and misregulation of heat shock proteins, which all returned toward wild type (WT) values following VX-809 treatment. These data suggest that CFTR correctors can be useful as therapeutics for ARPKD. Given that these drugs are already approved for use in humans, they can be fast-tracked for clinical use.NEW & NOTEWORTHY ARPKD is a multiorgan genetic disorder resulting in newborn morbidity and mortality. There is a critical need for new therapies to treat this disease. We show that persistent cholangiocytes proliferation occurs in a mouse model of ARPKD along with mislocalized CFTR and misregulated heat shock proteins. We found that VX-809, a CFTR modulator, inhibits proliferation and limits bile duct malformation. The data provide a therapeutic pathway for strategies to treat ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Adi Zeidan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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12
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Makarova M, Nemtsova M, Danishevich A, Chernevskiy D, Belenikin M, Krinitsina A, Baranova E, Sagaydak O, Vorontsova M, Khatkov I, Zhukova L, Bodunova N, Nikolaev S, Byakhova M, Semenova A, Galkin V, Gadzhieva S. The CFTR Gene Germline Heterozygous Pathogenic Variants in Russian Patients with Malignant Neoplasms and Healthy Carriers: 11,800 WGS Results. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097940. [PMID: 37175647 PMCID: PMC10178054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 275 million people in the world are carriers of a heterozygous mutation of the CFTR gene, associated with cystic fibrosis, the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. Some recent studies assessed the association between carriers of CFTR variants and some pathologies, including cancer risk. The aim of this study is to analyze the landscape of germline pathogenic heterozygous CFTR variants in patients with diagnosed malignant neoplasms. For the first time in Russia, we evaluated the frequency of CFTR pathogenic variants by whole-genome sequencing in 1800 patients with cancer and compared this with frequencies of CFTR variants in the control group (1825 people) adjusted for age and 10,000 healthy individuals. In the issue, 47 out of 1800 patients (2.6%) were carriers of CFTR pathogenic genetic variants: 0.028 (42/1525) (2.8%) among breast cancer patients, 0.017 (3/181) (1.7%) among colorectal cancer patients and 0.021 (2/94) (2.1%) among ovarian cancer patients. Pathogenic CFTR variants were found in 52/1825 cases (2.85%) in the control group and 221 (2.21%) in 10,000 healthy individuals. Based on the results of the comparison, there was no significant difference in the frequency and distribution of pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene, which is probably due to the study limitations. Obviously, additional studies are needed to assess the clinical significance of the heterozygous carriage of CFTR pathogenic variants in the development of various pathologies in the future, particularly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Makarova
- LLC Evogen, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Nemtsova
- LLC Evogen, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics of N.P. Bochkov, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Baranova
- LLC Evogen, 115191 Moscow, Russia
- Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Vorontsova
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 117292 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Zhukova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Byakhova
- City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Semenova
- City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Galkin
- City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Saida Gadzhieva
- City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow Department of Healthcare, 117152 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Papi C, Gasparello J, Zurlo M, Cosenza LC, Gambari R, Finotti A. The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene (CFTR) Is under Post-Transcriptional Control of microRNAs: Analysis of the Effects of agomiRNAs Mimicking miR-145-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-335-5p. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:ncrna9020029. [PMID: 37104011 PMCID: PMC10146138 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: MicroRNAs are involved in the expression of the gene encoding the chloride channel CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator); the objective of this short report is to study the effects of the treatment of bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells with molecules mimicking the activity of pre-miR-145-5p, pre-miR-335-5p, and pre-miR-101-3p, and to discuss possible translational applications of these molecules in pre-clinical studies focusing on the development of protocols of possible interest in therapy; (2) Methods: CFTR mRNA was quantified by Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The production of the CFTR protein was assessed by Western blotting; (3) Results: The treatment of Calu-3 cells with agomiR-145-5p caused the highest inhibition of CFTR mRNA accumulation and CFTR production; (4) Conclusions: The treatment of target cells with the agomiR pre-miR-145-5p should be considered when CFTR gene expression should be inhibited in pathological conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), some types of cancer, cholera, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Papi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Carmela Cosenza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Research Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Research Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Scott P, Wang S, Onyeaghala G, Pankratz N, Starr T, Prizment AE. Lower Expression of CFTR Is Associated with Higher Mortality in a Meta-Analysis of Individuals with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:989. [PMID: 36765944 PMCID: PMC9913301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), have higher risk and earlier onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). A subset of CRC patients in the non-CF population expresses low levels of tumoral CFTR mRNA which may also cause decreased CFTR activity. To determine the consequences of reduced CFTR expression in this population, we investigated association of tumoral CFTR expression with overall and disease-specific mortality in CRC patients. CFTR mRNA expression, clinical factors and survival data from 1177 CRC patients reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus studies GSE39582 and GSE17538 were included. Log-transformed and z-normalized [mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1] CFTR expression values were modeled as quartiles or dichotomized at the median. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and disease-specific mortality in individual studies and meta-analyses. Analyses of each of the three individual datasets showed a robust association of decreased CFTR expression with increased mortality. In meta-analyses adjusted for stage at diagnosis, age and sex, CFTR expression was inversely associated with risk of overall death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.57-0.86)] and disease-specific death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.47-0.99)]. Associations did not differ by stage at diagnosis, age, or sex. Meta-analysis of overall death stratified by microsatellite instable (MSI) versus microsatellite stable (MSS) status indicated potential interaction between MSI/MSS status and CFTR expression, (p-interaction: 0.06). The findings from these three datasets support the hypothesis that low CFTR expression is associated with increased CRC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anna E. Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Wood CR, Wu WT, Yang YS, Yang JS, Xi Y, Yang WJ. From ecology to oncology: To understand cancer stem cell dormancy, ask a Brine shrimp (Artemia). Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:199-231. [PMID: 36990533 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The brine shrimp (Artemia), releases embryos that can remain dormant for up to a decade. Molecular and cellular level controlling factors of dormancy in Artemia are now being recognized or applied as active controllers of dormancy (quiescence) in cancers. Most notably, the epigenetic regulation by SET domain-containing protein 4 (SETD4), is revealed as highly conserved and the primary control factor governing the maintenance of cellular dormancy from Artemia embryonic cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conversely, DEK, has recently emerged as the primary factor in the control of dormancy exit/reactivation, in both cases. The latter has been now successfully applied to the reactivation of quiescent CSCs, negating their resistance to therapy and leading to their subsequent destruction in mouse models of breast cancer, without recurrence or metastasis potential. In this review, we introduce the many mechanisms of dormancy from Artemia ecology that have been translated into cancer biology, and herald Artemia's arrival on the model organism stage. We show how Artemia studies have unlocked the mechanisms of the maintenance and termination of cellular dormancy. We then discuss how the antagonistic balance of SETD4 and DEK fundamentally controls chromatin structure and consequently governs CSCs function, chemo/radiotherapy resistance, and dormancy in cancers. Many key stages from transcription factors to small RNAs, tRNA trafficking, molecular chaperones, ion channels, and links with various pathways and aspects of signaling are also noted, all of which link studies in Artemia to those of cancer on a molecular and/or cellular level. We particularly emphasize that the application of such emerging factors as SETD4 and DEK may open new and clear avenues for the treatment for various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Wood
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao-Shun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- The Women's Hospital, and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic & Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Chetwood JD, Volovets A, Sivam S, Koh C. Surgical considerations in cystic fibrosis: what every general surgeon needs to know. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2425-2432. [PMID: 35920692 PMCID: PMC9804981 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex multiorgan disease, which often affects the gastrointestinal tract. With improved CF specific therapies and multidisciplinary management, patients with CF are now living longer with a median life expectancy of around 50 years. This increased life expectancy has resulted in corresponding increase in presentations of the CF patient with comorbid surgical conditions that were never important considerations. Investigations and management of these conditions, such as distal intestinal obstruction syndrome and colorectal cancer warrant good clinical understanding of the unique challenges that CF patients present including chronic immunosuppression, impaired respiratory function and their multi-organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to provide general surgeons with a contemporary update on the CF related surgical issues as they are likely to become increasingly involved in the care of these complex patients and form an integral part of the multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Chetwood
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Anastasia Volovets
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver CentreRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sheila Sivam
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cherry Koh
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe)Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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17
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Yang H, Hou C, Xiao W, Qiu Y. The role of mechanosensitive ion channels in the gastrointestinal tract. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904203. [PMID: 36060694 PMCID: PMC9437298 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensation is essential for normal gastrointestinal (GI) function, and abnormalities in mechanosensation are associated with GI disorders. There are several mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract, namely transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Piezo channels, two-pore domain potassium (K2p) channels, voltage-gated ion channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These channels are located in many mechanosensitive intestinal cell types, namely enterochromaffin (EC) cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and intrinsic and extrinsic enteric neurons. In these cells, mechanosensitive ion channels can alter transmembrane ion currents in response to mechanical forces, through a process known as mechanoelectrical coupling. Furthermore, mechanosensitive ion channels are often associated with a variety of GI tract disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and GI tumors. Mechanosensitive ion channels could therefore provide a new perspective for the treatment of GI diseases. This review aims to highlight recent research advances regarding the function of mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract. Moreover, it outlines the potential role of mechanosensitive ion channels in related diseases, while describing the current understanding of interactions between the GI tract and mechanosensitive ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaofeng Hou
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Qiu,
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18
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O’Malley Y, Coleman MC, Sun X, Lei J, Yao J, Pulliam CF, Kluz P, McCormick ML, Yi Y, Imai Y, Engelhardt JF, Norris AW, Spitz DR, Uc A. Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis pig pancreas. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2022; 5:100040. [PMID: 35903252 PMCID: PMC9328447 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is one the most common comorbidities in cystic fibrosis (CF). Pancreatic oxidative stress has been postulated in the pathogenesis of CFRD, but no studies have been done to show an association. The main obstacle is the lack of suitable animal models and no immediate availability of pancreas tissue in humans. In the CF porcine model, we found increased pancreatic total glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), 3-nitrotyrosine- and 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins, and decreased copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity, all indicative of oxidative stress. CF pig pancreas demonstrated increased DHE oxidation (as a surrogate marker of superoxide) in situ compared to non-CF and this was inhibited by a SOD-mimetic (GC4401). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not different between CF and non-CF pancreas. Isolated CF pig islets had significantly increased DHE oxidation, peroxide production, reduced insulin secretion in response to high glucose and diminished secretory index compared to non-CF islets. Acute treatment with apocynin or an SOD mimetic failed to restore insulin secretion. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CF pig pancreas is under significant oxidative stress as a result of increased O2 ●- and peroxides combined with reduced antioxidant defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS). We speculate that insulin secretory defects in CF may be due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia O’Malley
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Mitchell C. Coleman
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Junying Lei
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Casey F. Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Paige Kluz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael L. McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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19
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Shi Z, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Jia X, Yu X, An X, Han Y. Inhibition of ClC-5 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35651328 PMCID: PMC9252889 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.6.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride channel-5 (ClC-5), an important branch of the ClC family, is involved in the regulation of the proliferation and cell-fate of a variety of cells, including tumor cells. However, its function in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells remains enigmatic. Here, we discovered that ClC-5 was up-regulated in CCA tissues and CCA cell lines, while ClC-5 silencing inhibited CCA cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Further mechanism studies revealed that ClC-5 inhibition could inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity and further activate the mitochondria apoptotic pathway in CCA cells. Furthermore, rescuing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation eliminated the anti-tumor function of ClC-5 knockdown. Together, our research findings illustrated that ClC-5 inhibition plays an anti-tumor role in CCA cells via inhibiting the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which in turn activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China
| | - Xiangjun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Jize County People’s Hospital, Jize 057350, China
| | - Yanzhen Han
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, China
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Tosti E, Almeida AS, Tran TT, Barbachan e Silva M, Broin PÓ, Dubin R, Chen K, Beck AP, Mclellan AS, Vilar E, Golden A, O’Toole PW, Edelmann W. Loss of MMR and TGFBR2 Increases the Susceptibility to Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:693-717. [PMID: 35688320 PMCID: PMC9421583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRCs display increased mutation rates, with mutations frequently accumulating at short repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome (microsatellite instability). The TGFBR2 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in dMMR CRCs. Therefore, we generated an animal model to study how the loss of both TGFBR2 signaling impacts dMMR-driven intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and explore the impact of the gut microbiota. METHODS We generated VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice in which Msh2loxP and Tgfbr2loxP alleles are inactivated by Villin-Cre recombinase in the intestinal epithelium. VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were analyzed for their rate of intestinal cancer development and for the mutational spectra and gene expression profiles of tumors. In addition, we assessed the impact of chemically induced chronic inflammation and gut microbiota composition on colorectal tumorigenesis. RESULTS VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice developed small intestinal adenocarcinomas and CRCs with histopathological features highly similar to CRCs in Lynch syndrome patients. The CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were associated with the presence of colitis and displayed genetic and histological features that resembled inflammation-associated CRCs in human patients. The development of CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice was strongly modulated by the gut microbiota composition, which in turn was impacted by the TGFBR2 status of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a synergistic interaction between MMR and TGFBR2 inactivation in inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis and highlight the crucial impact of the gut microbiota on modulating the incidence of inflammation-associated CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elena Tosti, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574
| | - Ana S. Almeida
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mariel Barbachan e Silva
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó. Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Dubin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrew S. Mclellan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron Golden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Winfried Edelmann, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574.
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Shi Z, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Jia X, Yu X, An X, Han Y. Inhibition of ClC-5 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2022; 55:299-304. [PMID: 35651328 PMCID: PMC9252889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chloride channel-5 (ClC-5), an important branch of the ClC family, is involved in the regulation of the proliferation and cell-fate of a variety of cells, including tumor cells. However, its function in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells remains enigmatic. Here, we discovered that ClC-5 was up-regulated in CCA tissues and CCA cell lines, while ClC-5 silencing inhibited CCA cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Further mechanism studies revealed that ClC-5 inhibition could inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity and further activate the mitochondria apoptotic pathway in CCA cells. Furthermore, rescuing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation eliminated the anti-tumor function of ClC-5 knockdown. Together, our research findings illustrated that ClC-5 inhibition plays an anti-tumor role in CCA cells via inhibiting the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which in turn activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(6): 299-304].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Jize County People
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Jize County People
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, Jize County People
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Jize County People
| | - Xiangjun Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Jize County People
| | - Xiaohong An
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Jize County People
| | - Yanzhen Han
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056002, Jize County People
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Bhattacharya R, Blankenheim Z, Scott PM, Cormier RT. CFTR and Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:868. [PMID: 35743652 PMCID: PMC9224611 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that severely affects the lungs as well as extra-pulmonary tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CFTR dysfunction resulting from either mutations or the downregulation of its expression has been shown to promote carcinogenesis. An example is the enhanced risk for several types of cancer in patients with CF, especially cancers of the GI tract. CFTR also acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse sporadic epithelial cancers in many tissues, primarily due to the silencing of CFTR expression via multiple mechanisms, but especially due to epigenetic regulation. This review provides an update on the latest research linking CFTR-deficiency to GI cancers, in both CF patients and in sporadic GI cancers, with a particular focus on cancer of the intestinal tract. It will discuss changes in the tissue landscape linked to CFTR-deficiency that may promote cancer development such as breakdowns in physical barriers, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. It will also discuss molecular pathways and mechanisms that act upstream to modulate CFTR expression, such as by epigenetic silencing, as well as molecular pathways that act downstream of CFTR-deficiency, such as the dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, it will discuss the emerging CFTR modulator drugs that have shown promising results in improving CFTR function in CF patients. The potential impact of these modulator drugs on the treatment and prevention of GI cancers can provide a new example of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia M. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
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23
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Parisi GF, Mòllica F, Giallongo A, Papale M, Manti S, Leonardi S. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR): beyond cystic fibrosis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been traditionally linked to cystic fibrosis (CF) inheritance in an autosomal recessive manner. Advances in molecular biology and genetics have expanded our understanding of the CFTR gene and its encoding products expressed in different tissues.
Aim
The study’s aim consists of reviewing the different pathological CF phenotypes using the existing literature. We know that alterations of the CFTR protein’s structure may result in different pathological phenotypes.
Methods
Open sources such as PubMed and Science Direct databases have been used for this review. We focused our selection on articles published within the last 15 years. Critical terms related to the CFTR protein have been used: “CFTR AND cancer,” “CFTR AND celiac disease,” “CFTR AND pancreatitis,” “children,” “adults,” “genotype,” “phenotype,” “correlation,” “mutation,” “CFTR,” “diseases,” “disorders,” and “no cystic fibrosis.”
Results
We analyzed 1,115 abstracts in total. Moreover, only 189 were suitable for the topic. We focused on the role of CFTR in cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory diseases, reproductive system, and systemic hypertension.
Conclusions
Mutations in CFTR gene are often associated with CF. In this review, we highlighted the broad spectrum of alterations reported for this gene, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of other diseases. The importance of these new insights in the role of CFTR relies on the possibility of considering this protein/gene as a novel therapeutic target for CF- and CFTR-related diseases.
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Quaresma MC, Botelho HM, Pankonien I, Rodrigues CS, Pinto MC, Costa PR, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Exploring YAP1-centered networks linking dysfunctional CFTR to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101326. [PMID: 35500936 PMCID: PMC9060002 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systems biology approach identifies potentially dysregulated EMT signaling in CF (including the Hippo, Wnt, TGF-β, p53, and MYC pathways), integrated by YAP1 and TEAD4. Mutations in the CFTR anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and have also been related to higher cancer incidence. Previously we proposed that this is linked to an emerging role of functional CFTR in protecting against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways bridging dysfunctional CFTR to EMT remain elusive. Here, we applied systems biology to address this question. Our data show that YAP1 is aberrantly active in the presence of mutant CFTR, interacting with F508del, but not with wt-CFTR, and that YAP1 knockdown rescues F508del-CFTR processing and function. Subsequent analysis of YAP1 interactors and roles in cells expressing either wt- or F508del-CFTR reveal that YAP1 is an important mediator of the fibrotic/EMT processes in CF. Alongside, five main pathways emerge here as key in linking mutant CFTR to EMT, namely, (1) the Hippo pathway; (2) the Wnt pathway; (3) the TGFβ pathway; (4) the p53 pathway; and (5) MYC signaling. Several potential hub proteins which mediate the crosstalk among these pathways were also identified, appearing as potential therapeutic targets for both CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pau R Costa
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aires Duarte
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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SLC26A9 deficiency causes gastric intraepithelial neoplasia in mice and aggressive gastric cancer in humans. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:381-398. [PMID: 35426084 PMCID: PMC9187568 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solute carrier family 26 member (SLC26A9) is a Cl− uniporter with very high expression levels in the gastric mucosa. Here, we describe morphological and molecular alterations in gastric mucosa of slc26a9−/− mice and in selective parietal cell-deleted slc26a9fl/fl/Atp4b-Cre mice and correlate SLC26A9 expression levels with morphological and clinical parameters in a cohort of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods The expression patterns of genes related to transport and enzymatic function, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, barrier integrity, metaplasia and neoplasia development were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and RNA microarray analysis. SLC26A9 expression and cellular/clinical phenotypes were studied in primary human GC tissues and GC cell lines. Results We found that both complete and parietal cell-selective Slc26a9 deletion in mice caused spontaneous development of gastric premalignant and malignant lesions. Dysregulated differentiation of gastric stem cells in an inflammatory environment, activated Wnt signaling, cellular hyperproliferation, apoptosis inhibition and metaplasia were observed. Analysis of human gastric precancerous and cancerous tissues revealed that SLC26A9 expression progressively decreased from atrophic gastritis to GC, and that downregulation of SLC26A9 was correlated with patient survival. Exogenous expression of SLC26A9 in GC cells induced upregulation of the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger AE2, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppressed their proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusions Our data indicate that SLC26A9 deletion in parietal cells is sufficient to trigger gastric metaplasia and the development of neoplastic lesions. In addition, we found that SLC26A9 expression decreases during human gastric carcinogenesis, and that exogenous SLC26A9 expression in GC cells reduces their malignant behavior. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-022-00672-x.
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In Silico Analysis of Ion Channels and Their Correlation with Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061444. [PMID: 35326596 PMCID: PMC8946083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer involves changes in the healthy cells of the breast resulting in rapid and abnormal division of cells that later spread to other parts of the body through the process of metastasis, which involves epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ion channels play a significant role in the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal transition through their contributions to cellular motility, cell volume regulation and cell cycle progression. Comprehensive computational analyses were performed to understand the role of ion channels in tumor/metastatic samples of breast cancer and their correlation with EMT. Abstract Uncontrolled growth of breast cells due to altered gene expression is a key feature of breast cancer. Alterations in the expression of ion channels lead to variations in cellular activities, thus contributing to attributes of cancer hallmarks. Changes in the expression levels of ion channels were observed as a consequence of EMT. Additionally, ion channels were reported in the activation of EMT and maintenance of a mesenchymal phenotype. Here, to identify altered ion channels in breast cancer patients, differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were performed using transcriptomic data. Protein–protein interactions network analysis was carried out to determine the ion channels interacting with hub EMT-related genes in breast cancer. Thirty-two ion channels were found interacting with twenty-six hub EMT-related genes. The identified ion channels were further correlated with EMT scores, indicating mesenchymal phenotype. Further, the pathway map was generated to represent a snapshot of deregulated cellular processes by altered ion channels and EMT-related genes. Kaplan–Meier five-year survival analysis and Cox regressions indicated the expression of CACNA1B, ANO6, TRPV3, VDAC1 and VDAC2 to be potentially associated with poor survival. Deregulated ion channels correlate with EMT-related genes and have a crucial role in breast cancer-associated tumorigenesis. Most likely, they are potential candidates for the determination of prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
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Li M, Liu Z, Song J, Wang T, Wang H, Wang Y, Guo J. Identification of Down-Regulated ADH1C is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:791249. [PMID: 35300114 PMCID: PMC8921497 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.791249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer in the whole world, with the underlying mechanisms largely indistinct. Therefore, we aimed to identify significant pathways and genes involved in the initiation, formation and poor prognosis of CRC using bioinformatics methods. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of CRC cases with those from normal colorectal tissues from three chip datasets (GSE33113, GSE23878 and GSE41328) to identify 105 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were common to the three datasets. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the highest proportion of up-regulated DEGs was involved in extracellular region and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Integral components of membrane and bile secretion pathways were identified as containing down-regulated DEGs. 13 hub DEGs were chosen and their expression were further validated by GEPIA. Only four DEGs (ADH1C, CLCA4, CXCL8 and GUCA2A) were associated with a significantly lower overall survival after the prognosis analysis. Lower ADH1C protein level and higher CXCL8 protein level were verified by immunohistochemical staining and western blot in clinical CRC and normal colorectal tissues. In conclusion, our study indicated that the extracellular tumor microenvironment and bile metabolism pathways play critical roles in the formation and progression of CRC. Furthermore, we confirmed ADH1C being down-regulated in CRC and reported ADH1C as a prognostic predictor for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Wang, ; Jiguang Guo,
| | - Jiguang Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Wang, ; Jiguang Guo,
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miRNome Profiling and Functional Analysis Reveal Involvement of hsa-miR-1246 in Colon Adenoma-Carcinoma Transition by Targeting AXIN2 and CFTR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042107. [PMID: 35216222 PMCID: PMC8876010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory changes occurring early in colorectal cancer development remain poorly investigated. Since the majority of cases develop from polyps in the adenoma-carcinoma transition, a search of early molecular features, such as aberrations in miRNA expression occurring prior to cancer development, would enable identification of potentially causal, rather than consequential, candidates in the progression of polyp to cancer. In the current study, by employing small RNA-seq profiling of colon biopsy samples, we described differentially expressed miRNAs and their isoforms in the adenoma-carcinoma transition. Analysis of healthy-adenoma-carcinoma sequence in an independent validation group enabled us to identify early deregulated miRNAs including hsa-miR-1246 and hsa-miR-215-5p, the expressions of which are, respectively, gradually increasing and decreasing. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that inhibition of hsa-miR-1246 lead to reduced cell viability, colony formation, and migration rate, thereby indicating an oncogenic effect of this miRNA in vitro. Subsequent western blot and luciferase reporter assay provided evidence of hsa-miR-1246 being involved in the regulation of target AXIN2 and CFTR genes’ expression. To conclude, the present study revealed possible involvement of hsa-miR-1246 in early colorectal cancer development and regulation of tumor suppressors AXIN2 and CFTR.
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Chloride Channels and Transporters: Roles beyond Classical Cellular Homeostatic pH or Ion Balance in Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040856. [PMID: 35205604 PMCID: PMC8870652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Roles of chloride-associated transporters have been raised in various cancers. Although complicated ion movements, crosstalk among channels/transporters through homeostatic electric regulation, difficulties with experimental implementation such as activity measurement of intracellular location were disturbed to verify the precise modulation of channels/transporters, recently defined cancerous function and communication with tumor microenvironment of chloride channels/transporters should be highlighted beyond classical homeostatic ion balance. Chloride-associated transporters as membrane-associated components of chloride movement, regulations of transmembrane member 16A, calcium-activated chloride channel regulators, transmembrane member 206, chloride intracellular channels, voltage-gated chloride channels, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, voltage-dependent anion channel, volume-regulated anion channel, and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers are discussed. Abstract The canonical roles of chloride channels and chloride-associated transporters have been physiologically determined; these roles include the maintenance of membrane potential, pH balance, and volume regulation and subsequent cellular functions such as autophagy and cellular proliferative processes. However, chloride channels/transporters also play other roles, beyond these classical function, in cancerous tissues and under specific conditions. Here, we focused on the chloride channel-associated cancers and present recent advances in understanding the environments of various types of cancer caused by the participation of many chloride channel or transporters families and discuss the challenges and potential targets for cancer treatment. The modulation of chloride channels/transporters might promote new aspect of cancer treatment strategies.
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Integrative pan cancer analysis reveals the importance of CFTR in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Genomics 2022; 114:110279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Cancer in Cystic Fibrosis: A Narrative Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Screening, and Treatment Challenges: Adult Cystic Fibrosis Series. Chest 2022; 161:356-364. [PMID: 34536383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive monogenetic disorder that causes persistent pulmonary disease, but also affects other organ systems, including the digestive tract. Recent advances in treatment and care of patients with CF, including the use of new and highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators, have led to a dramatic increase in survival. Young patients with CF now can expect to live to or beyond middle age, when cancer is more frequent. Patients with CF now are known to face an increased risk of digestive tract cancer, particularly cancer of the colon. The risk, which could be triggered by associated CF-related conditions or other genetic mechanisms, is even greater in patients who received a transplant. Also some evidence suggests that adenomatous polyps develop more frequently in patients with CF and at an earlier age than in patients without CF. To reduce the excess risk of intestinal cancer in patients with CF, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation has developed colonoscopy-based guidelines. For nontransplanted patients, colonoscopy should begin at 40 years of age, with rescreening at 5-year intervals; the screening interval should be shortened to 3 years if adenomatous polyps are discovered. For transplanted patients, screening should start at 30 years of age, or within 2 years of the transplant operation. Before colonoscopy, it is essential for patients with CF to undergo a special, more intensive bowel preparation than normally used for those without CF. Whether the new drugs that have dramatically improved morbidity and mortality for patients with CF will alter the risk of cancer is unknown and needs to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Albert B Lowenfels
- Departments of Surgery and of Family Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Tam RY, van Dorst JM, McKay I, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Intestinal Inflammation and Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of the Current Evidence, Pathophysiology and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030649. [PMID: 35160099 PMCID: PMC8836727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive multisystem disease. While its burden of morbidity and mortality is classically associated with pulmonary disease, CF also profoundly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations to the gut microbiota are hallmarks of the CF intestine. The etiology of these manifestations is likely multifactorial, resulting from cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, a high-fat CF diet, and the use of antibiotics. There may also be a bidirectional pathophysiological link between intestinal inflammation and changes to the gut microbiome. Additionally, a growing body of evidence suggests that these GI manifestations may have significant clinical associations with growth and nutrition, quality of life, and respiratory function in CF. As such, the potential utility of GI therapies and long-term GI outcomes are areas of interest in CF. Further research involving microbial modulation and multi-omics techniques may reveal novel insights. This article provides an overview of the current evidence, pathophysiology, and future research and therapeutic considerations pertaining to intestinal inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiota in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Tam
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Josie M. van Dorst
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabelle McKay
- Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Michael Coffey
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Inferred inactivation of the Cftr gene in the duodena of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water supports its tumor-suppressor status and implies its potential role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis of the small intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115773. [PMID: 34688701 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has been supported by a number of epidemiological and animal studies; however, its carcinogenic mode of action is still incompletely understood. To identify mechanisms involved in cancer development, we analyzed gene expression data from duodena of mice exposed to Cr(VI) in drinking water. This analysis included (i) identification of upstream regulatory molecules that are likely responsible for the observed gene expression changes, (ii) identification of annotated gene expression data from public repositories that correlate with gene expression changes in duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice, and (iii) identification of hallmark and oncogenic signature gene sets relevant to these data. We identified the inactivated CFTR gene among the top scoring upstream regulators, and found positive correlations between the expression data from duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice and other datasets in public repositories associated with the inactivation of the CFTR gene. In addition, we found enrichment of signatures for oncogenic signaling, sustained cell proliferation, impaired apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Results of our computational study support the tumor-suppressor role of the CFTR gene. Furthermore, our results support human relevance of the Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis observed in the small intestines of exposed mice and suggest possible groups that may be more vulnerable to the adverse outcomes associated with the inactivation of CFTR by hexavalent chromium or other agents. Lastly, our findings predict, for the first time, the role of CFTR inactivation in chemical carcinogenesis and expand the range of plausible mechanisms that may be operative in Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis of intestinal and possibly other tissues.
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Farinha CM, Gentzsch M. Revisiting CFTR Interactions: Old Partners and New Players. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13196. [PMID: 34947992 PMCID: PMC8703571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in CFTR research has led to the therapeutic development of modulators that rescue the basic defect in cystic fibrosis. There is continuous interest in studying CFTR molecular disease mechanisms as not all cystic fibrosis patients have a therapeutic option available. Addressing the basis of the problem by comprehensively understanding the critical molecular associations of CFTR interactions remains key. With the availability of CFTR modulators, there is interest in comprehending which interactions are critical to rescue CFTR and which are altered by modulators or CFTR mutations. Here, the current knowledge on interactions that govern CFTR folding, processing, and stability is summarized. Furthermore, we describe protein complexes and signal pathways that modulate the CFTR function. Primary epithelial cells display a spatial control of the CFTR interactions and have become a common system for preclinical and personalized medicine studies. Strikingly, the novel roles of CFTR in development and differentiation have been recently uncovered and it has been revealed that specific CFTR gene interactions also play an important role in transcriptional regulation. For a comprehensive understanding of the molecular environment of CFTR, it is important to consider CFTR mutation-dependent interactions as well as factors affecting the CFTR interactome on the cell type, tissue-specific, and transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Farinha
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Sugai T, Osakabe M, Niinuma T, Eizuka M, Tanaka Y, Yamada S, Yanagawa N, Otsuka K, Sasaki A, Matsumoto T, Suzuki H. Comprehensive analyses of microRNA and mRNA expression in colorectal serrated lesions and colorectal cancer with a microsatellite instability phenotype. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 61:161-171. [PMID: 34846081 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is dysregulated in human tumors, thereby contributing to tumorigenesis through altered expression of mRNA. Thus, identification of the relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs is important for evaluating the molecular mechanisms of tumors. In addition, elucidation of the molecular features of serrated lesions is essential in colorectal tumorigenesis. Here, we examined the relationships of miRNA and mRNA expressed in serrated lesions, including 26 sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), 12 traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), and 11 colorectal cancers (CRCs) with a microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype using crypt isolation. We divided the samples into the first and second cohorts for validation. Array-based expression analyses were used to evaluate miRNAs and mRNAs with opposite expression patterns in isolated tumor glands. In addition, we validated the relationships of miRNA/mRNA pairs in the second cohort using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that the expression of miRNA-5787 was correlated with reciprocal expression of two mRNAs, that is, SRRM2 and POLR2J3, in SSL samples. In TSA samples, two pairs of miRNAs/mRNAs showing opposite expression patterns, that is, miRNA-182-5p/ETF1 and miRNA-200b-3p/MYB, were identified. Ultimately, three pairs of miRNAs/mRNAs with opposite expression patterns, including miRNA-222-3p/SLC26A3, miRNA-6753-3p/FABP1, and miRNA-222-3p/OLFM4, were retained in CRC with an MSI phenotype. Finally, we performed transfection with an miR-222-3p mimic to confirm the expression of SLC26A3 and OLFM4; the results showed that ectopic expression of miR-222-3p moderately suppressed OLFM4 and downregulated SLC26A3 to some extent. Overall, our results provided basic insights into the evaluation of colorectal tumorigenesis of serrated lesions and CRC with an MSI phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Cyuuouku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Eizuka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Shun Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Koki Otsuka
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Cyuuouku, Sapporo, Japan
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Pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8109-8125. [PMID: 34778915 PMCID: PMC8629801 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal diseases, including various types of gastritis, ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and GI cancer, is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. Ion channels/transporters are located on cell membranes, and tight junctions (TJs) affect acid–base balance, the mucus layer, permeability, the microbiota and mucosal blood flow, which are essential for maintaining GI mucosal integrity. As ion channel/transporter dysfunction results in various GI mucosal diseases, this review focuses on understanding the contribution of ion channels/transporters to protecting the GI mucosal barrier and the relationship between GI mucosal disease and ion channels/transporters, including Cl−/HCO3− exchangers, Cl− channels, aquaporins, Na+/H+ exchangers, and K+ channels. Here, we provide novel prospects for the treatment of GI mucosal diseases.
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miR-125b Promotes Colorectal Cancer Migration and Invasion by Dual-Targeting CFTR and CGN. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225710. [PMID: 34830864 PMCID: PMC8616371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause for cancer related death, in which metastasis exerts a pivotal role. Therefore, we aim to find out the possible mechanism underlying CRC metastasis. We found that the level of miR-125b was elevated in normal, primary CRC, and distant metastasis tissues stepwise, and high level miR-125b was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation. In vitro and in vivo assays showed miR-125b significantly promoted CRC migration and invasion. To elucidate the potential mechanism, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and cingulin (CGN) were defined as two target genes of miR-125b. On the one hand, miR-125b promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the production and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by inhibiting CFTR; on the other hand, miR-125b activated Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) signaling by repressing CGN. Therefore, we provided a potential biomarker for CRC prevention and treatment in the future. Abstract Metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, the causative factor of which is not fully understood. Previously, we found that miR-125b (Accession number: MIMAT0000423) contributed to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which miR-125b enhances metastasis by targeting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the tight junction-associated adaptor cingulin (CGN) in CRC. We found that miR-125b expression was upregulated in primary CRC tumors and metastatic sites compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-125b in CRC cells enhanced migration capacity, while knockdown of miR-125b decreased migration and invasion. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified CFTR and CGN as the target genes of miR-125b, and the inhibitory impact of CFTR and CGN on metastasis was further verified both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that miR-125b facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and the expression and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by targeting CFTR and enhanced the Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) pathway activity by targeting CGN. Together, these findings suggest miR-125b as a key functional molecule in CRC and a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Pan X, Ji P, Deng X, Chen L, Wang W, Li Z. Genome-wide analysis of methylation CpG sites in gene promoters identified four pairs of CpGs-mRNAs associated with lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Gene 2021; 810:146054. [PMID: 34737001 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of oncogenes through promoter hypomethylation and silencing of tumor suppressor genes induced by promoter hypermethylation played essential roles in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to identify the LUAD prognostic CpG sites and the regulated genes which contributed to LUAD progression. METHODS Methylation profiles from TCGA and GSE60645 were used to screen the differentially methylated CpGs. Then, the Log-rank test was adopted to identify LUAD prognosis-associated CpGs. Differential gene expression and survival analyses were further performed to suggest the roles of methylation-driven genes in LUAD prognosis. Finally, models and nomograms were constructed to predict the prognosis of LUAD. RESULTS A total of 1891 CpGs at gene promoters were differentially methylated. Among them, 54 CpGs were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. Nine of them showed significant correlations with the expression of four genes (CCDC181, CFTR, PPP1R16B, MYEOV). CCDC181, CFTR and PPP1R16B were aberrantly down-regulated in LUAD, while MYEOV was up-regulated. All of them were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. The LASSO regression analysis indicated that tumor stages, cg09181792, cg16998150, cg22779330 and PPP1R16B were promising prognostic factors. The AUC (area under the curve) of the model containing the clinical predictors was 0.643. The combination of CpGs and PPP1R16B with clinical variables significantly improved the predictive efficiency with an AUC of 0.714 (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION This study identified four pairs of promoter CpGs and genes that were significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. The integration of CpGs methylation and gene expression showed better predictive ability for LUAD prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pei Ji
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Vekens K, Vincken S, Hanon S, Demuynck K, Stylemans D, Vanderhelst E. Lung cancer in a CF patient: combination of bad luck or is there more to say? Acta Clin Belg 2021; 76:379-380. [PMID: 32131717 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1737780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis have increased risk for gastrointestinal cancer, lymphoid leukemia and testicular carcinomas. Chronic inflammation does not seem to be the only contributing factor. Mutations and epigenetic alterations in the CFTR gene may alter susceptibility to develop cancer. Lung cancer is up to now not frequently observed in CF patients. In lung cancer patients without CF low CFTR expression is significantly associated with advanced staging, lymph node metastasis. As the management and life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis have improved substantially in recent years, we expect an increased number of these patients diagnosed with lung cancer. In addition, it is possible that they, as a result of CFTR-dysfunction, will present with more aggressive lung tumors. Treating cancer in CF patients is a challenge because of multi-organ involvement and chronic colonization by resistant pathogens. The effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy in this population needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vekens
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vincken
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Hanon
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Demuynck
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Stylemans
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Vanderhelst
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Salvatore D, Carnovale V, Majo F, Padoan R, Quattrucci S, Salvatore M, Taruscio D, Amato A, Ferrari G, Campagna G. Disease characterization of people with cystic fibrosis and a minimal function mutation: Data from the Italian registry. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3232-3241. [PMID: 34357699 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and a minimal function (MF) mutation are poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disease characteristics of adult and pediatric pwCF with a genotype including an MF mutation on the basis of 2018 data from the Italian CF Registry (ICFR). METHODS This cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of CF disease characteristics included all of the pwCF with at least one MF mutation or two F508del (F) mutations, and at least one 2018 entry in the ICFR. Data concerning the disease characteristics of pwCF with an F/F genotype are provided for reference. FINDINGS A total of 5501 pwCF had at least one entry in the 2018 ICFR, including 2867 whose genotype included an MF mutation; in particular, 1432 had an MF/F genotype and 1148 the F/F genotype. The most frequent F/MF genotypes were F/N1303K (n = 247, 8.6%) and F/G542X (n = 193, 6.7%). The MF/no-F patients generally had a milder phenotype (a later diagnosis, lower sweat chloride levels, better nutrition, better lung function [starting from adolescence], and a lower prevalence of chronic infections and CF-related complications) than the MF/F or F/F patients. INTERPRETATION The findings of this descriptive analysis highlight the disease characteristics of pwCF with an MF-including genotype in Italy. The considered clinical outcomes of the pwCF with an F/MF genotype were not generally different from those of pwCF with an F/F genotype, but the patients with an MF/no-F genotype generally had a milder phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatello Salvatore
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Pediatric Division, Hospital San Carlo, Potenza, Italy.,Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carnovale
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Adult Unit, Department of Translational Medical Science, Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Majo
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Padoan
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Department of Paediatrics, Cystic Fibrosis Regional Support Centre, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Quattrucci
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,LIFC Lega Italiana Fibrosi Cistica - ONLUS, Italian Cystic Fibrosis League, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Unit, National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Unit, National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Amato
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,LIFC Lega Italiana Fibrosi Cistica - ONLUS, Italian Cystic Fibrosis League, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ferrari
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,Undiagnosed Rare Diseases Unit, National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campagna
- Italian Cystic Fibrosis Registry, Istututo Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,LIFC Lega Italiana Fibrosi Cistica - ONLUS, Italian Cystic Fibrosis League, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hoskins B, Wasuwanich P, Scheimann AO, Karnsakul W. Screening strategy for gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in cystic fibrosis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1121-1131. [PMID: 34616517 PMCID: PMC8465437 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on systematic review and meta-analysis, the risk for developing cancers in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is known to be significantly greater than in the general population, including site-specific cancers of the esophagus, small bowel, colon, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. An even higher risk has been found in patients who have severe CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotypes or who have undergone organ transplantation and are immunosuppressed. The risk continues to rise as life expectancies steadily climb due to advancements in medical care and treatment for CF. The colorectal cancer risk is at such a high level that CF has now been declared a hereditary colon cancer syndrome by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. The CFTR gene has been strongly-associated with the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and mortality in the CF population. Even CF carriers have shown an increased rate of GI cancers compared to the general population. Several limitations exist with the reported guidelines for screening of GI and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in the CF population, which are largely universal and are still emerging. There is a need for more precise screening based on specific risk factors, including CFTR mutation, medical co-morbidities (such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, and diabetes mellitus), familial risks for each cancer, gender, age, and other factors. In this review, we propose changes to the guidelines for GI screening of patients with CF. With the development of CFTR modulators, additional studies are necessary to elucidate if there is an effect on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hoskins
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Paul Wasuwanich
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ann O Scheimann
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wikrom Karnsakul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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The Intestinal Microbiome and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulators: Emerging Themes in the Management of Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:17. [PMID: 34448955 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While commonly associated with pulmonary manifestations, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic disease with wide-ranging effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This article reviews major recent updates in gastroenterological CF care and research. RECENT FINDINGS The high burden of GI symptoms in CF has led to recent studies assessing GI-specific symptom questionnaires and scoring systems. Intestinal dysbiosis potentially contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CF and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers in CF. An increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to CF-specific CRC screening and surveillance recommendations. Pharmacologic therapies targeting specific cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations have shown promise in treating GI manifestations of CF. New research has highlighted the importance of intestinal dysbiosis in CF. Future studies should assess whether CFTR modulators affect the gut microbiome and whether altering the gut microbiome will impact GI symptoms and GI cancer risk.
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Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the commonest inherited genetic disorder in Caucasians due to a mutation in the gene CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), and it should be considered as an Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Syndrome. In the United States, physicians of CF Foundation established the “Developing Innovative Gastroenterology Speciality Training Program” to increase the research on CF in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases. The risk to develop a CRC is 5–10 times higher in CF patients than in the general population and even greater in CF patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to organ transplantation (30-fold increased risk relative to the general population). Colonoscopy should be considered the best screening for CRC in CF patients. The screening colonoscopy should be started at the age of 40 in CF patients and, if negative, a new colonoscopy should be performed every 5 years and every 3 years if adenomas are detected. For transplanted CF patients, the screening colonoscopy could be started at the age of 35, in transplanted patients at the age of 30 and, if before, at the age of 30. CF transplanted patients, between the age of 35 and 55, must repeat colonoscopy every 3 years. Our review draws attention towards the clinically relevant development of CRC in CF patients, and it may pave the way for further screenings and studies.
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Huang YJ, Lee TC, Pai YC, Lin BR, Turner JR, Yu LCH. A novel tumor suppressor role of myosin light chain kinase splice variants through downregulation of the TEAD4/CD44 axis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:961-974. [PMID: 34000008 PMCID: PMC8283729 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) regulates actinomyosin contraction. Two splice variants of long MLCK are expressed in epithelial cells and divergently regulate gut barrier functions; reduced MLCK levels in human colorectal cancers (CRC) with unclarified significance have been reported. CRC are solid tumors clonally sustained by stem cells highly expressing CD44 and CD133. The aim was to investigate the role of MLCK splice variants in CRC tumorigenesis. We found lower MLCK1/2 and higher CD44 expression in human CRC, but no change in CD133 or LGR5. Large-scale bioinformatics showed an inverse relationship between MYLK and CD44 in human sample gene datasets. A 3-fold increased tumor burden was observed in MLCK(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice in a chemical-induced CRC model. Primary tumorspheres derived from the MLCK(-/-) mice displayed larger sizes and higher CD44 transcript levels than those from the WT mice. Bioinformatics revealed binding of TEAD4 (a transcriptional enhancer factor family member in the Hippo pathway) to CD44 promoter, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Individually expressing MLCK1 and MLCK2 variants in the MLCK-knockout (KO) Caco-2 cells inhibited the nuclear localization of TEAD4 cofactors, VGLL3 and YAP1, respectively, and both variants reduced the CD44 transcription. Accelerated cell cycle transit was observed in the MLCK-KO cells, whereby expression of MLCK1/2 variants counterbalanced the cell hyperproliferation. In conclusion, MLCK1/2 variants are novel tumor suppressors by downregulating the TEAD4/CD44 axis via reducing nuclear translocation of distinct transcriptional coactivators. The reduction of epithelial MLCKs, especially isoform 2, may drive cancer stemness and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tsung-Chun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Pai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Brigham's Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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45
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From Channels to Canonical Wnt Signaling: A Pathological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094613. [PMID: 33924772 PMCID: PMC8125460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important pathway mainly active during embryonic development and controlling cell proliferation. This regulatory pathway is aberrantly activated in several human diseases. Ion channels are known modulators of several important cellular functions ranging from the tuning of the membrane potential to modulation of intracellular pathways, in particular the influence of ion channels in Wnt signaling regulation has been widely investigated. This review will discuss the known links between ion channels and canonical Wnt signaling, focusing on their possible roles in human metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer.
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Künzi L, Easter M, Hirsch MJ, Krick S. Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease in the Aging Population. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601438. [PMID: 33935699 PMCID: PMC8082404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The demographics of the population with cystic fibrosis (CF) is continuously changing, with nowadays adults outnumbering children and a median predicted survival of over 40 years. This leads to the challenge of treating an aging CF population, while previous research has largely focused on pediatric and adolescent patients. Chronic inflammation is not only a hallmark of CF lung disease, but also of the aging process. However, very little is known about the effects of an accelerated aging pathology in CF lungs. Several chronic lung disease pathologies show signs of chronic inflammation with accelerated aging, also termed “inflammaging”; the most notable being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In these disease entities, accelerated aging has been implicated in the pathogenesis via interference with tissue repair mechanisms, alterations of the immune system leading to impaired defense against pulmonary infections and induction of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. In addition, CF lungs have been shown to exhibit increased expression of senescence markers. Sustained airway inflammation also leads to the degradation and increased turnover of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). This further reduces CFTR function and may prevent the novel CFTR modulator therapies from developing their full efficacy. Therefore, novel therapies targeting aging processes in CF lungs could be promising. This review summarizes the current research on CF in an aging population focusing on accelerated aging in the context of chronic airway inflammation and therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Künzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meghan June Hirsch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Gregory Fleming Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Gibson-Corley KN, Engelhardt JF. Animal Models and Their Role in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Gastrointestinal Lesions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:51-67. [PMID: 33497264 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-022420-105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The life expectancy of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has greatly increased over the past decade, and researchers and clinicians must now navigate complex disease manifestations that were not a concern prior to the development of modern therapies. Explosive growth in the number of CF animal models has also occurred over this time span, clarifying CF disease pathophysiology and creating opportunities to understand more complex disease processes associated with an aging CF population. This review focuses on the CF-associated pathologies of the gastrointestinal system and how animal models have increased our understanding of this complex multisystemic disease. Although CF is primarily recognized as a pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal pathology occurs very commonly and can affect the quality of life for these patients. Furthermore, we discuss how next-generation genetic engineering of larger animal models will impact the field's understanding of CF disease pathophysiology and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA;
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA;
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48
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Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles to identify key genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221746. [PMID: 31894857 PMCID: PMC6981101 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play significant roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In the present study, methylation microarray dataset (GSE87053) and gene expression microarray dataset (GSE23558) were downloaded from GEO database and analyzed through R language. A total of 255 hypermethylated-downregulated genes and 114 hypomethylated-upregulated genes were finally identified. Functional enrichment analyses were performed and a comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Subsequently, the top ten hub genes selected by Cytoscape software were subjected to further analyses. It was illustrated that the expression level of CSF2, CTLA4, ETS1, PIK3CD, and CFTR was intimately associated with HNSCC. Survival analysis suggested that CTLA4 and FGFR2 could serve as effective independent prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC patients. Overall, our study lay a groundwork for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC carcinogenesis, providing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
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Matsumoto Y, Shiozaki A, Otsuji E. ASO Author Reflections: Expression and Role of CFTR in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6437-6438. [PMID: 33710507 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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50
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Matsumoto Y, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. Expression and Role of CFTR in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6424-6436. [PMID: 33710504 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent chloride (Cl-) anion conducting channel, and its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was examined in the present study. METHODS Overexpression experiments were conducted on human ESCC cell lines following the transfection of a CFTR plasmid, and changes in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed. A microarray analysis was performed to examine gene expression profiles. Fifty-three primary tumor samples collected from ESCC patients during esophagectomy were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Transfection of the CFTR plasmid into the ESCC KYSE 170 and KYSE 70 cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. The microarray analysis showed the up-regulated expression of genes involved in the p38 signaling pathway in CFTR plasmid-transfected KYSE 170 cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a relationship between the CFTR expression pattern at the invasive front and the pN category. A relationship was also observed between the weak expression of CFTR at the invasive front and a shorter postoperative survival in a prognostic analysis. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of CFTR in ESCC activated the p38 signaling pathway and was associated with a good patient prognosis. These results indicate the potential of CFTR as a mediator of and/or a biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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