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Guo S, Wang X, Wang Y, Bai J, Liu Y, Shao Z. The potential therapeutic targets of glutamine metabolism in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116906. [PMID: 38876051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting metabolic reprogramming may be an effective strategy to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Glutamine serves as a vital nutrient for cancer cells. Inhibiting glutamine metabolism has shown promise in preventing tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro through various mechanisms. Therefore, this review collates recent scientific literature concerning the correlation between glutamine metabolism and cancer treatment. Novel treatment modalities based on amino acid transporters, metabolites, and glutaminase are discussed. Moreover, we demonstrate the relationship between glutamine metabolism and tumor proliferation, drug resistance, and the tumor immune microenvironment, offering new perspectives for the clinical treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly for combined therapies. Identifying innovative approaches for enhancing the efficacy of glutamine-based metabolic therapy is crucial to improving HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology-Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of stomatology, Huangshi Central Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University), Huangshi 435000, China.
| | - Zhe Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Day Surgery Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
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2
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Nasimi Shad A, Moghbeli M. Integrins as the pivotal regulators of cisplatin response in tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38741195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used first-line chemotherapeutic drug in various cancers. However, CDDP resistance is frequently observed in cancer patients. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with CDDP resistance to improve prognosis among cancer patients. Integrins are critical factors involved in tumor metastasis that regulate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. They modulate several cellular mechanisms including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, polarity, and chemo resistance. Modification of integrin expression levels can be associated with both tumor progression and inhibition. Integrins are also involved in drug resistance of various solid tumors through modulation of the tumor cell interactions with interstitial matrix and extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of integrin protein family in regulation of CDDP response in tumor cells. It has been reported that integrins mainly promoted the CDDP resistance through interaction with PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and WNT signaling pathways. They also regulated the CDDP mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. This review paves the way to suggest the integrins as the reliable therapeutic targets to improve CDDP response in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Li X, Peng X, Li Y, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Yang S, Li D, Lin W, Fang J, Yang L, Li H. Glutamine addiction in tumor cell: oncogene regulation and clinical treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38172980 PMCID: PMC10763057 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
After undergoing metabolic reprogramming, tumor cells consume additional glutamine to produce amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and other substances to facilitate their unlimited proliferation. As such, the metabolism of glutamine is intricately linked to the survival and progression of cancer cells. Consequently, targeting the glutamine metabolism presents a promising strategy to inhibit growth of tumor cell and cancer development. This review describes glutamine uptake, metabolism, and transport in tumor cells and its pivotal role in biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, and more. Furthermore, we have also summarized the impact of oncogenes like C-MYC, KRAS, HIF, and p53 on the regulation of glutamine metabolism and the mechanisms through which glutamine triggers mTORC1 activation. In addition, role of different anti-cancer agents in targeting glutamine metabolism has been described and their prospective applications are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Lobel GP, Jiang Y, Simon MC. Tumor microenvironmental nutrients, cellular responses, and cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1015-1032. [PMID: 37703882 PMCID: PMC10528750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the rapidly expanding field of tumor metabolism has enhanced our knowledge of the impact of nutrient availability on metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Apart from established roles in cancer cells themselves, various nutrients, metabolic enzymes, and stress responses are key to the activities of tumor microenvironmental immune, fibroblastic, endothelial, and other cell types that support malignant transformation. In this article, we review our current understanding of how nutrient availability affects metabolic pathways and responses in both cancer and "stromal" cells, by dissecting major examples and their regulation of cellular activity. Understanding the relationship of nutrient availability to cellular behaviors in the tumor ecosystem will broaden the horizon of exploiting novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham P Lobel
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wang B, Yao X, Dong Q, Wang XF, Yin H, Li Q, Wang XQ, Liu Y, Pan YW, Yuan GQ. Quantitation of macropinocytosis in glioblastoma based on high-content analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 397:109947. [PMID: 37574078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macropinocytosis is a pathway utilized for the internalization of extracellular fluid, albumin and dissolved molecules. Assessing macropinocytosis has been challenging in the past because the combination of manual acquisition and visual evaluation of images is laborious, making this type of assessment difficult for high-throughput applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop sensitive and specific macropinocytosis evaluation methods. METHODS This paper proposed a quantitative and time-saving method for macropinocytosis detection based on high-content analysis (HCA). Additionally, cell proliferation was evaluated using CCK8 test. RESULTS The term "macropinosome index" was defined to estimate macropinocytosis and allow comparisons between different cell lines and treatments. Furthermore, we demonstrated that macropinocytosis can promote glioblastoma (GBM) cell survival under L-glutamine (L-Gln)-deficient conditions that resemble the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS HCA represents a novel, nonsubjective and high-throughput assay for macropinocytosis assessment. In addition, L-Gln deprivation increased the macropinosome index in GBM cells, suggesting that this process may be used to design GBM therapies. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its supplementary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Gansu Pharmaceutical Group Science and Technology Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-Wen Pan
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Yuan
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China; The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730030, Gansu, China.
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Yang F, Liu G, Wei J, Dong Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Relationship between Bladder Cancer, Nutritional Supply, and Treatment Strategies: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3812. [PMID: 37686845 PMCID: PMC10490344 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the predominant neoplasm affecting the urinary system and ranks among the most widespread malignancies globally. The causes of bladder cancer include genetic factors; age; sex; and lifestyle factors, such as imbalanced nutrition, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The lack of proper nutrient intake leads to the development of bladder cancer because insufficient nutrients are consumed to prevent this disease. The purpose of this review was to analyze the nutrients closely linked to the onset and advancement of bladder cancer and to explore the relationship between dietary nutrients and bladder cancer. Particular emphasis was placed on nutrients that are frequently ingested in daily life, including sugar, fat, protein, and others. The focus of this research was to analyze how nutritional intake before and after surgery affects the recovery process of patients who have been diagnosed with bladder cancer. This article seeks to increase awareness among both society and the medical community about the significance of implementing appropriate dietary nutrition to reduce the chances of developing bladder cancer, enhance perioperative care for patients with bladder cancer, and aid in their recuperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guanmo Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Jiaxin Wei
- Department of Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yucheng Dong
- Tsinghua Health Science Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Qiu H, Shao N, Liu J, Zhao J, Chen C, Li Q, He Z, Zhao X, Xu L. Amino acid metabolism in tumor: New shine in the fog? Clin Nutr 2023:S0261-5614(23)00184-X. [PMID: 37321900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in amino acid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence of clinical diseases. The mechanism of tumorigenesis is complex, involving the complicated relationship between tumor cells and immune cells in local tumor microenvironment. A series of recent studies have shown that metabolic remodeling is intimately related to tumorigenesis. And amino acid metabolic reprogramming is one of the important characteristics of tumor metabolic remodeling, which participates in tumor cells growth, survival as well as the immune cell activation and function in the local tumor microenvironment, thereby affecting tumor immune escape. Recent studies have further shown that controlling the intake of specific amino acids can significantly improve the effect of clinical intervention in tumors, suggesting that amino acid metabolism is gradually becoming one of the new promising targets of clinical intervention in tumors. Therefore, developing new intervention strategies based on amino acid metabolism has broad prospects. In this article, we review the abnormal changes in the metabolism of some typical amino acids, including glutamine, serine, glycine, asparagine and so on in tumor cells and summarize the relationship among amino acid metabolism, tumor microenvironment and the function of T cells. In particular, we discuss the current issues that need to be addressed in the related fields of tumor amino acid metabolism, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies for clinical interventions in tumors based on amino acid metabolism reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou Guiyang, 550025 China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563000, China.
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8
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Jin J, Byun JK, Choi YK, Park KG. Targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:706-715. [PMID: 37009798 PMCID: PMC10167356 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cancer cells rely largely on glutamine for survival and proliferation. Glutamine serves as a carbon source for the synthesis of lipids and metabolites via the TCA cycle, as well as a source of nitrogen for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. To date, many studies have explored the role of glutamine metabolism in cancer, thereby providing a scientific rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the mechanism(s) involved at each step of glutamine metabolism, from glutamine transporters to redox homeostasis, and highlight areas that can be exploited for clinical cancer treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms underlying cancer cell resistance to agents that target glutamine metabolism, as well as strategies for overcoming these mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the effects of glutamine blockade on the tumor microenvironment and explore strategies to maximize the utility of glutamine blockers as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- BK21 FOUR Community-based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea.
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
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Glutamine Starvation Affects Cell Cycle, Oxidative Homeostasis and Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030683. [PMID: 36978930 PMCID: PMC10045305 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adjust their metabolism to meet energy demands. In particular, glutamine addiction represents a distinctive feature of several types of tumors, including colorectal cancer. In this study, four colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HCT116, HT29 and SW480) were cultured with or without glutamine. The growth and proliferation rate, colony-forming capacity, apoptosis, cell cycle, redox homeostasis and metabolomic analysis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT), flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. The results show that glutamine represents an important metabolite for cell growth and that its deprivation reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Glutamine depletion induces cell death and cell cycle arrest in the GO/G1 phase by modulating energy metabolism, the amino acid content and antioxidant defenses. Moreover, the combined glutamine starvation with the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose exerted a stronger cytotoxic effect. This study offers a strong rationale for targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with glucose metabolism to achieve a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of colon cancer.
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10
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Sengupta S, Ghufran SM, Khan A, Biswas S, Roychoudhury S. Transition of amyloid/mutant p53 from tumor suppressor to an oncogene and therapeutic approaches to ameliorate metastasis and cancer stemness. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:416. [PMID: 36567312 PMCID: PMC9791775 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 when undergoes amyloid formation confers several gain-of-function (GOF) activities that affect molecular pathways crucial for tumorigenesis and progression like some of the p53 mutants. Even after successful cancer treatment, metastasis and recurrence can result in poor survival rates. The major cause of recurrence is mainly the remnant cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, which are resistant to any chemotherapy treatment. Several studies have demonstrated the role of p53 mutants in exacerbating cancer stemness properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in these remnant cancer cells. Analyzing the amyloid/mutant p53-mediated signaling pathways that trigger metastasis, relapse or chemoresistance may be helpful for the development of novel or improved individualized treatment plans. In this review, we discuss the changes in the metabolic pathways such as mevalonate pathway and different signaling pathways such as TGF-β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and Wnt due to p53 amyloid formation, or mutation. In addition to this, we have discussed the role of the regulatory microRNAs and lncRNAs linked with the mutant or amyloid p53 in human malignancies. Such changes promote tumor spread, potential recurrence, and stemness. Importantly, this review discusses the cancer therapies that target either mutant or amyloid p53, restore wild-type functions, and exploit the synthetic lethal interactions with mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjinee Sengupta
- grid.444644.20000 0004 1805 0217Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313 India
| | - Shaikh Maryam Ghufran
- grid.444644.20000 0004 1805 0217Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313 India
| | - Aqsa Khan
- grid.444644.20000 0004 1805 0217Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313 India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- grid.444644.20000 0004 1805 0217Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313 India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- grid.489176.50000 0004 1803 6730Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, 700063 India ,grid.417635.20000 0001 2216 5074Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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11
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Nedara K, Reinhardt C, Lebraud E, Arena G, Gracia C, Buard V, Pioche-Durieu C, Castelli F, Colsch B, Bénit P, Rustin P, Albaud B, Gestraud P, Baulande S, Servant N, Deutsch E, Verbavatz JM, Brenner C, Milliat F, Modjtahedi N. Relevance of the TRIAP1/p53 axis in colon cancer cell proliferation and adaptation to glutamine deprivation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:958155. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.958155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human TRIAP1 (TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1; also known as p53CSV for p53-inducible cell survival factor) is the homolog of yeast Mdm35, a well-known chaperone that interacts with the Ups/PRELI family proteins and participates in the intramitochondrial transfer of lipids for the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine. Although recent reports indicate that TRIAP1 is a prosurvival factor abnormally overexpressed in various types of cancer, knowledge about its molecular and metabolic function in human cells is still elusive. It is therefore critical to understand the metabolic and proliferative advantages that TRIAP1 expression provides to cancer cells. Here, in a colorectal cancer cell model, we report that the expression of TRIAP1 supports cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Depletion of TRIAP1 perturbed the mitochondrial ultrastructure, without a major impact on CL levels and mitochondrial activity. TRIAP1 depletion caused extramitochondrial perturbations resulting in changes in the endoplasmic reticulum-dependent lipid homeostasis and induction of a p53-mediated stress response. Furthermore, we observed that TRIAP1 depletion conferred a robust p53-mediated resistance to the metabolic stress caused by glutamine deprivation. These findings highlight the importance of TRIAP1 in tumorigenesis and indicate that the loss of TRIAP1 has extramitochondrial consequences that could impact on the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells and their response to conditions of nutrient deprivation.
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12
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Liu Y, Gu W. The complexity of p53-mediated metabolic regulation in tumor suppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:4-32. [PMID: 33785447 PMCID: PMC8473587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the classic activities of p53 including induction of cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as critical barriers to cancer development, accumulating evidence suggests that loss of these classic activities is not sufficient to abrogate the tumor suppression activity of p53. Numerous studies suggest that metabolic regulation contributes to tumor suppression, but the mechanisms by which it does so are not completely understood. Cancer cells rewire cellular metabolism to meet the energetic and substrate demands of tumor development. It is well established that p53 suppresses glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through a number of downstream targets against the Warburg effect. The role of p53-mediated metabolic regulation in tumor suppression is complexed by its function to promote both cell survival and cell death under different physiological settings. Indeed, p53 can regulate both pro-oxidant and antioxidant target genes for complete opposite effects. In this review, we will summarize the roles of p53 in the regulation of glucose, lipid, amino acid, nucleotide, iron metabolism, and ROS production. We will highlight the mechanisms underlying p53-mediated ferroptosis, AKT/mTOR signaling as well as autophagy and discuss the complexity of p53-metabolic regulation in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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13
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Zuzčák M, Trnka J. Cellular metabolism in pancreatic cancer as a tool for prognosis and treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:93. [PMID: 35730611 PMCID: PMC9256076 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has one of the highest fatality rates and the currently available therapeutic options are not sufficient to improve its overall poor prognosis. In addition to insufficient effectiveness of anticancer treatments, the lack of clear early symptoms and early metastatic spread maintain the PC survival rates at a low level. Metabolic reprogramming is among the hallmarks of cancer and could be exploited for the diagnosis and treatment of PC. PC is characterized by its heterogeneity and, apart from molecular subtypes, the identification of metabolic subtypes in PC could aid in the development of more individualized therapeutic approaches and may lead to improved clinical outcomes. In addition to the deregulated utilization of glucose in aerobic glycolysis, PC cells can use a wide range of substrates, including branched‑chain amino acids, glutamine and lipids to fulfil their energy requirements, as well as biosynthetic needs. The tumor microenvironment in PC supports tumor growth, metastatic spread, treatment resistance and the suppression of the host immune response. Moreover, reciprocal interactions between cancer and stromal cells enhance their metabolic reprogramming. PC stem cells (PCSCs) with an increased resistance and distinct metabolic properties are associated with disease relapses and cancer spread, and represent another significant candidate for therapeutic targeting. The present review discusses the metabolic signatures observed in PC, a disease with a multifaceted and often transient metabolic landscape. In addition, the metabolic pathways utilized by PC cells, as well as stromal cells are discussed, providing examples of how they could present novel targets for therapeutic interventions and elaborating on how interactions between the various cell types affect their metabolism. Furthermore, the importance of PCSCs is discussed, focusing specifically on their metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zuzčák
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trnka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Ma G, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhang Z, Zeng M, Liang Z, Li D, Wang L, Chen Y, Liang Y, Niu H. Reprogramming of glutamine metabolism and its impact on immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:114. [PMID: 35897036 PMCID: PMC9327201 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape play a major role in tumorigenesis. Increasing number of studies have shown that reprogramming of glutamine metabolism is a putative determinant of the anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Usually, the predatory uptake of glutamine by tumor cells in the TME results in the limited utilization of glutamine by immune cells and affects the anti-tumor immune response. The cell-programmed glutamine partitioning also affects the anti-tumor immune response. However, the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in tumors modulates immune escape by regulating tumor PD-L1 expression. Likewise, the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism in the immune cells also affects their immune function. Additionally, different types of glutamine metabolism inhibitors extensively regulate the immune cells in the TME while suppressing tumor cell proliferation. Herein, we discuss how metabolic reprogramming of tumor and immune cells regulates anti-tumor immune responses, as well as functional changes in different immune cells in the context of targeting tumor glutamine metabolism, which can better explain the potential of targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with immunotherapy for cancer. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Manqin Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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15
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Wang CY, Wang CH, Mai RT, Chen TW, Li CW, Chao CH. Mutant p53-microRNA-200c-ZEB2-Axis-Induced CPT1C Elevation Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming and Tumor Progression in Basal-Like Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940402. [PMID: 35936710 PMCID: PMC9351713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is mutated in more than 80% of basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs). BLBCs with TP53 mutation are usually high-grade and have worse responses to chemotherapy, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Wild-type p53 (WTp53) is well-accepted to promote fatty acid oxidation (FAO); however, in this study, we demonstrate that mutant p53 (Mutp53) enhances FAO activity through constitutively upregulating CPT1C via dysregulating the miR-200c-ZEB2 axis. Sustained CPT1C expression contributes to the metabolic preference of FAO, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes, migration, invasion, and cancer stemness in BLBC, which is mediated by modulating the redox status. Furthermore, interference of CPT1C expression impairs tumor growth and pulmonary colonization of BLBC cells in vivo, and even postpones the occurrence of spontaneous metastasis, resulting in a prolonged disease-specific survival (DSS). Consistently, clinical validation reveals that high CPT1C is observed in breast cancer patients with metastasis and is correlated with poor overall, disease-free, progression-free, and disease-specific survival in BLBC patients. Together, unlike WTp53 which transiently transactivates CPT1C, Mutp53 provides long-term benefits through sustaining CPT1C expression by disturbing the miR-200c-ZEB2 axis, which potentiates FAO and facilitates tumor progression in BLBC, suggesting that targeting Mutp53-CPT1C-driven metabolic reprogramming is promising to serve as novel therapeutic strategies for BLBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yun Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Hong Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Tsun Mai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chi-Hong Chao,
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16
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Neddylation inhibition induces glutamine uptake and metabolism by targeting CRL3 SPOP E3 ligase in cancer cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3034. [PMID: 35641493 PMCID: PMC9156729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal neddylation activation is frequently observed in human cancers and neddylation inhibition has been proposed as a therapy for cancer. Here, we report that MLN4924, a small-molecule inhibitor of neddylation activating enzyme, increases glutamine uptake in breast cancer cells by causing accumulation of glutamine transporter ASCT2/SLC1A5, via inactivation of CRL3-SPOP E3 ligase. We show the E3 ligase SPOP promotes ASCT2 ubiquitylation, whereas SPOP itself is auto-ubiquitylated upon glutamine deprivation. Thus, SPOP and ASCT2 inversely regulate glutamine uptake and metabolism. SPOP knockdown increases ASCT2 levels to promote growth which is rescued by ASCT2 knockdown. Adding ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 enhances MLN4924 suppression of tumor growth. In human breast cancer specimens, SPOP and ASCT2 levels are inversely correlated, whereas lower SPOP with higher ASCT2 predicts a worse patient survival. Collectively, our study links neddylation to glutamine metabolism via the SPOP-ASCT2 axis and provides a rational drug combination for enhanced cancer therapy. Neddylation inhibition has been reported as a therapy for cancer. Here, the authors show that neddylation inhibition increases glutamine metabolism by stabilizing glutamine transporter ASCT2, therefore targeting ASCT2 improves the anti-cancer effect of neddylation inhibitors.
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17
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Humpton TJ, Hall H, Kiourtis C, Nixon C, Clark W, Hedley A, Shaw R, Bird TG, Blyth K, Vousden KH. p53-mediated redox control promotes liver regeneration and maintains liver function in response to CCl 4. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:514-526. [PMID: 34628485 PMCID: PMC8901761 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor coordinates wide-ranging responses to stress that contribute to its function as a tumour suppressor. The responses to p53 induction are complex and range from mediating the elimination of stressed or damaged cells to promoting survival and repair. These activities of p53 can modulate tumour development but may also play a role in pathological responses to stress such as tissue damage and repair. Using a p53 reporter mouse, we have previously detected strong induction of p53 activity in the liver of mice treated with the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Here, we show that p53 functions to support repair and recovery from CCl4-mediated liver damage, control reactive oxygen species (ROS) and limit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in part through the activation of a detoxification cytochrome P450, CYP2A5 (CYP2A6 in humans). Our work demonstrates an important role for p53-mediated redox control in facilitating the hepatic regenerative response after damage and identifies CYP2A5/CYP2A6 as a mediator of this pathway with potential prognostic utility in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Humpton
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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18
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Targeting metabolism to overcome cancer drug resistance: A promising therapeutic strategy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 61:100822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Wang L, Xu T, Yang X, Liang Z, Zhang J, Li D, Chen Y, Ma G, Wang Y, Liang Y, Niu H. Immunosuppression Induced by Glutamine Deprivation Occurs via Activating PD-L1 Transcription in Bladder Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:687305. [PMID: 34805266 PMCID: PMC8602840 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.687305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have reported whether nutrients in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the expression of PD-L1. Since tumor cells are often situated in a low-glutamine environment, we investigated PD-L1 expression under glutamine deprivation in bladder cancer cells. PD-L1 expression and the activation of the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway under glutamine deprivation were investigated by qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. C-Jun-mediated transcriptional regulation of the PD-L1 gene was assessed by ChIP. PD-L1 expression and activation of the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway were assessed in T24 cells, TCCSUP cells and BALB/c mice with or without glutamine supplementation. Additionally, the impact of PD-L1 expression under glutamine deprivation on the function of T cells was investigated by ELISA. The expression of PD-L1 and EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway activation were elevated by glutamine deprivation, and c-Jun was enriched in the enhancer region of PD-L1. The expression of PD-L1 was considerably impaired by inhibiting the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway and was elevated by activating this signaling pathway. In addition, the elevated PD-L1 expression and MEK/ERK/c-Jun signaling pathway activation were reduced by glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo. PD-L1 upregulation by glutamine deprivation in bladder cancer cells could reduce IFN-γ production by T cells. The expression of PD-L1 was upregulated under glutamine deprivation through the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway to impair T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Geratology, The 971th Hospital of PLA Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofeng Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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20
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Hassan YA, Helmy MW, Ghoneim AI. Combinatorial antitumor effects of amino acids and epigenetic modulations in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2245-2257. [PMID: 34415354 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal form of liver cancer. Recently, the interest in using amino acids as therapeutic agents has noticeably grown. The present work aimed to evaluate the possible antiproliferative effects of selected amino acids supplementation or deprivation in human HCC cell lines and to investigate their effects on critical signaling molecules in HCC pathogenesis and the outcomes of their combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat. HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with different concentrations of L-leucine, L-glutamine, or L-methionine and cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70 S6K), p53, and cyclin D1 (CD1) protein levels were assayed using ELISA. Caspase-3 activity was assessed colorimetrically. L-leucine supplementation (0.8-102.4 mM) and L-glutamine supplementation (4-128 mM) showed dose-dependent antiproliferative effects in both cell lines but L-methionine supplementation (0.2-25.6 mM) only affected the viability of HepG2 cells. Glutamine or methionine deprivation suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells whereas leucine deprivation had no effect on cell viability in both cell lines. The combination between the effective antiproliferative changes in L-leucine, L-glutamine, and L-methionine concentrations greatly suppressed cell viability and increased the sensitivity to vorinostat in both cell lines. The growth inhibitory effects were paralleled with significant decreases in IGF-1, phospho p70 S6k, and CD1 levels and significant elevations in p53 and caspase-3 activity. Changes in amino acids concentrations could profoundly affect growth in HCC cell lines and their response to epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A Hassan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt.
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
| | - Asser I Ghoneim
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514, Egypt
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21
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Liao H, Gaur A, Mauvais C, Denicourt C. p53 induces a survival transcriptional response after nucleolar stress. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar3. [PMID: 34319761 PMCID: PMC8684752 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that increased ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer. It is well established that inhibition of any steps of ribosome biogenesis induces nucleolar stress characterized by p53 activation and subsequent cell cycle arrest and/or cell death. However, cells derived from solid tumors have demonstrated different degrees of sensitivity to ribosome biogenesis inhibition, where cytostatic effects rather than apoptosis are observed. The reason for this is not clear, and the p53-specific transcriptional program induced after nucleolar stress has not been previously investigated. Here we demonstrate that blocking rRNA synthesis by depletion of essential rRNA processing factors such as LAS1L, PELP1, and NOP2 or by inhibition of RNA Pol I with the specific small molecule inhibitor CX-5461, mainly induce cell cycle arrest accompanied by autophagy in solid tumor–derived cell lines. Using gene expression analysis, we find that p53 orchestrates a transcriptional program involved in promoting metabolic remodeling and autophagy to help cells survive under nucleolar stress. Importantly, our study demonstrates that blocking autophagy significantly sensitizes cancer cells to RNA Pol I inhibition by CX-5461, suggesting that interfering with autophagy should be considered a strategy to heighten the responsiveness of ribosome biogenesis–targeted therapies in p53-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anushri Gaur
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire Mauvais
- Current address: UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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22
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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23
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Yang YP, Qin RH, Zhao JJ, Qin XY. BOP1 Silencing Suppresses Gastric Cancer Proliferation through p53 Modulation. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:287-296. [PMID: 33877544 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Block of proliferation 1 (BOP1) is a key protein involved in ribosome maturation and affects cancer progression. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression of BOP1 in GC and its potential mechanisms in regulating GC growth, and the relationship between BOP1 level in cancer tissues and survival was also analyzed. The expression of BOP1 was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort containing 387 patients with primary GC. Cultured GC cells were treated by siRNA to knock down the BOP1 expression, and examined by CCK-8 assay and plate clone formation to assess cell proliferation in vitro. Apoptotic rate of cultured GC cells was detected by flow cytometry with double staining of AnnxinV/PI. The xenografted mouse model was used to assess GC cell proliferation in vivo. Western blot and IHC were also performed to detect the expression levels of BOP1, p53 and p21. Patients with higher level of BOP1 in cancer tissues had significantly poorer survival. BOP1 silencing significantly suppressed GC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. It blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and led to apoptosis of GC cells via upregulating p53 and p21. BOP1 silencing-induced suppression of cell proliferation was partly reversed by pifithrin-α (a p53 inhibitor). Our study demonstrated that BOP1 up-regulation may be a hallmark of GC and it may regulate proliferation of GC cells by activating p53. BOP1 might be considered a novel biomarker of GC proliferation, and could be a potential indicator of prognosis of GC patients. BOP1 might also be a potential target for the treatment of GC patients if further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui-Huan Qin
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Shi Y, Norberg E, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H. Mutant p53 as a Regulator and Target of Autophagy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:607149. [PMID: 33614491 PMCID: PMC7886977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most notoriously altered genes in human cancer is the tumor-suppressor TP53, which is mutated with high frequency in more cancers than any other tumor suppressor gene. Beyond the loss of wild-type p53 functions, mutations in the TP53 gene often lead to the expression of full-length proteins with new malignant properties. Among the defined oncogenic functions of mutant p53 is its effect on cell metabolism and autophagy. Due to the importance of autophagy as a stress adaptive response, it is frequently dysfunctional in human cancers. However, the role of p53 is enigmatic in autophagy regulation. While the complex action of the wild-type p53 on autophagy has extensively been described in literature, in this review, we focus on the conceivable role of distinct mutant p53 proteins in regulating different autophagic pathways and further discuss the available evidence suggesting a possible autophagy stimulatory role of mutant p53. Moreover, we describe the involvement of different autophagic pathways in targeting and degrading mutant p53 proteins, exploring the potential strategies of targeting mutant p53 in cancer by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Norberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Santiappillai NT, Abuhammad S, Slater A, Kirby L, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE, Smith LK. CDK4/6 Inhibition Reprograms Mitochondrial Metabolism in BRAF V600 Melanoma via a p53 Dependent Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030524. [PMID: 33572972 PMCID: PMC7866416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are being tested in numerous clinical trials and are currently employed successfully in the clinic for the treatment of breast cancers. Understanding their mechanism of action and interaction with other therapies is vital in their clinical development. CDK4/6 regulate the cell cycle via phosphorylation and inhibition of the tumour suppressor RB, and in addition can phosphorylate many cellular proteins and modulate numerous cellular functions including cell metabolism. Metabolic reprogramming is observed in melanoma following standard-of-care BRAF/MEK inhibition and is involved in both therapeutic response and resistance. In preclinical models, CDK4/6 inhibitors overcome BRAF/MEK inhibitor resistance, leading to sustained tumour regression; however, the metabolic response to this combination has not been explored. Here, we investigate how CDK4/6 inhibition reprograms metabolism and if this alters metabolic reprogramming observed upon BRAF/MEK inhibition. Although CDK4/6 inhibition has no substantial effect on the metabolic phenotype following BRAF/MEK targeted therapy in melanoma, CDK4/6 inhibition alone significantly enhances mitochondrial metabolism. The increase in mitochondrial metabolism in melanoma cells following CDK4/6 inhibition is fuelled in part by both glutamine metabolism and fatty acid oxidation pathways and is partially dependent on p53. Collectively, our findings identify new p53-dependent metabolic vulnerabilities that may be targeted to improve response to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T. Santiappillai
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Shatha Abuhammad
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Alison Slater
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Laura Kirby
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Karen E. Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.E.S.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lorey K. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (N.T.S.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (L.K.); (G.A.M.)
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.E.S.); (L.K.S.)
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Kirsch BJ, Chang SJ, Betenbaugh MJ, Le A. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:103-116. [PMID: 34014537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with different biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on the neoplastic histology and stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes on two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large-cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, the treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis, for which no standard approach exists [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael James Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yan L, Zhao Z, Wang X, Lyu T, Li J, Qi Y, Wang X, Guo X. Short-term in vitro glutamine restriction differentially impacts the chromosomal stability of transformed and non-transformed cells. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:geaa026. [PMID: 33043986 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is a non-essential amino acid central for generating building blocks and cellular energy in tumours and rapidly proliferating non-transformed cells. However, the influence of Gln on regulating chromosomal stability of transformed and non-transformed cells remain poorly understand. We hypothesised that Gln is required for maintaining a homeostatic level of chromosomal stability. To this end, transformed cells HeLa and A375 and non-transformed cells NCM460 and HUVEC cells were intervened with varying concentrations of Gln (10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM), with or without cisplatin (0.1 µg/ml), for 24 h. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay was used to determine chromosomal instability (CIN), the extent of which is reflected by the frequency of MN, nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NB). We demonstrated an unexpected decrease in the spontaneous rate of MN, but not NPB and NB, after Gln restriction in HeLa and A375 cells. Gln restriction reduced cisplatin-induced MN, but not NPB and NB, in HeLa and A375 cells. We further revealed that Gln restriction suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells with high CIN induced by nocodazole, partially explaining why Gln restriction decreased the frequency of spontaneous and cisplatin-induced MN in transformed cells. In contrast, Gln restriction increased MN and NB, but not NPB, in NCM460 cells. In HUVEC cells, Gln restriction increased MN, NPB and NB. Meanwhile, Gln restriction sensitised NCM460 cells to cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. A similar but more pronounced pattern was observed in HUVEC cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the in vitro influences of Gln metabolism on CIN depend on cellular contexts: Transformed cells require high Gln to fine tune their CIN in an optimal rate to maximise genomic heterogeneity and fitness, whereas non-transformed cells need high Gln to prevent CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziru Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Environmental Society, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Environmental Society, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Xu R, Yang J, Ren B, Wang H, Yang G, Chen Y, You L, Zhao Y. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572722. [PMID: 33117704 PMCID: PMC7550743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal malignancies with an extremely poor prognosis. Energy metabolism reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer. In addition to well-elaborated enhanced glycolysis, investigating the role of reprogramming of amino acid metabolism has sparked great interests in recent years. The rewiring amino acid metabolism orchestrated by genetic alterations contributes to pancreatic cancer malignant characteristics including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and redox balance. In the unique hypoperfused and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment (TME), the interactions between cancer cells and stromal components and salvaging processes including autophagy and macropinocytosis play critical roles in fulfilling the metabolic requirements and supporting growth of PDAC. In this review, we elucidate the recent advances in the amino acid metabolism reprogramming in pancreatic cancer and the mechanisms of amino acid metabolism regulating PDAC progression, which will provide opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Liu W, Qin Y, Xu X, Yu X, Zhuo Q, Ji S. Regulation of metabolic reprogramming by tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. Work in recent years in cancer molecular biology has revealed that metabolic reprogramming is an additional hallmark of cancer that is involved in the pathogenesis of cancers, and is intricately linked to gene mutations.
Main text
However, though oncogenes such as KRAS and c-Myc play important roles in the process, and have been extensively studied, no substantial improvements in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer have seen. Therefore, some scientists have tried to explain the mechanisms of abnormal cancer metabolism from the perspective of tumor suppressor genes. In this paper, we reviewed researches about how metabolic reprogramming was regulated by tumor suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer and their clinical implications.
Conclusion
Abnormal metabolism and genetic mutations are mutually causal and complementary in tumor initiation and development. A clear understanding of how metabolic reprogramming is regulated by the mutated genes would provide important insights into the pathogenesis and ultimately treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Vadlakonda L, Indracanti M, Kalangi SK, Gayatri BM, Naidu NG, Reddy ABM. The Role of Pi, Glutamine and the Essential Amino Acids in Modulating the Metabolism in Diabetes and Cancer. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1731-1775. [PMID: 33520860 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Re-examine the current metabolic models. Methods Review of literature and gene networks. Results Insulin activates Pi uptake, glutamine metabolism to stabilise lipid membranes. Tissue turnover maintains the metabolic health. Current model of intermediary metabolism (IM) suggests glucose is the source of energy, and anaplerotic entry of fatty acids and amino acids into mitochondria increases the oxidative capacity of the TCA cycle to produce the energy (ATP). The reduced cofactors, NADH and FADH2, have different roles in regulating the oxidation of nutrients, membrane potentials and biosynthesis. Trans-hydrogenation of NADH to NADPH activates the biosynthesis. FADH2 sustains the membrane potential during the cell transformations. Glycolytic enzymes assume the non-canonical moonlighting functions, enter the nucleus to remodel the genetic programmes to affect the tissue turnover for efficient use of nutrients. Glycosylation of the CD98 (4F2HC) stabilises the nutrient transporters and regulates the entry of cysteine, glutamine and BCAA into the cells. A reciprocal relationship between the leucine and glutamine entry into cells regulates the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and homeostasis in cells. Insulin promotes the Pi transport from the blood to tissues, activates the mitochondrial respiratory activity, and glutamine metabolism, which activates the synthesis of cholesterol and the de novo fatty acids for reorganising and stabilising the lipid membranes for nutrient transport and signal transduction in response to fluctuations in the microenvironmental cues. Fatty acids provide the lipid metabolites, activate the second messengers and protein kinases. Insulin resistance suppresses the lipid raft formation and the mitotic slippage activates the fibrosis and slow death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Indracanti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Suresh K Kalangi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Pachgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, HR 122413 India
| | - B Meher Gayatri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Navya G Naidu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
| | - Aramati B M Reddy
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 India
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Eriksson SE, Ceder S, Bykov VJN, Wiman KG. p53 as a hub in cellular redox regulation and therapeutic target in cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:330-341. [PMID: 30892598 PMCID: PMC6734141 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes including cell growth and cell death. The ability of p53 to bind to DNA and activate transcription is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications and is dependent on a reducing cellular environment. Some p53 transcriptional target genes are involved in regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, e.g. TIGAR and GLS2. A large fraction of human tumors carry TP53 mutations, most commonly missense mutations that lead to single amino acid substitutions in the core domain. Mutant p53 proteins can acquire so called gain-of-function activities and influence the cellular redox balance in various ways, for instance by binding of the Nrf2 transcription factor, a major regulator of cellular redox state. The DNA-binding core domain of p53 has 10 cysteine residues, three of which participate in holding a zinc atom that is critical for p53 structure and function. Several novel compounds that refold and reactivate missense mutant p53 bind to specific p53 cysteine residues. These compounds can also react with other thiols and target components of the cellular redox system, such as glutathione. Dual targeting of mutant p53 and redox homeostasis may allow more efficient treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi E Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ceder
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir J N Bykov
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas G Wiman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Humpton T, Vousden KH. Taking up the reins of power: metabolic functions of p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:610-614. [PMID: 31282931 PMCID: PMC6736434 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Goyal H, Chachoua I, Pecquet C, Vainchenker W, Constantinescu SN. A p53-JAK-STAT connection involved in myeloproliferative neoplasm pathogenesis and progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2020; 42:100712. [PMID: 32660739 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of JAK2 V617F as a highly prevalent somatic acquired mutation in the majority of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), it has become clear that these diseases are driven by pathologic activation of JAK2 and eventually of STAT5 and other members of the STAT family. The concept was strengthened by the discovery of the other activating driver mutations in MPL (thrombopoietin receptor, TpoR) and in calreticulin gene, which all lead to persistent activation of wild type JAK2. Although with a rare frequency, MPNs can evolve to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), a condition that is resistant to treatment. Here we focus on the role of p53 in this transition. In sAML mutations in TP53 or amplification in genes coding for negative regulators of p53 are much more frequent than in de novo AML. We review studies that explore a signaling and biochemical interaction between activated STATs and p53 in MPNs and other cancers. With the development of advanced sequencing efforts, strong evidence has been presented for dominant negative effects of mutated p53 in leukemia. In other studies, gain of function effects have been described that might be cell type specific. A more profound understanding of the potential interaction between p53 and activated STATs is necessary in order to take full advantage of novel p53-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goyal
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilyas Chachoua
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Pecquet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1170, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Brussels, Belgium.
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Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators of Glutaminolysis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082872. [PMID: 32326003 PMCID: PMC7216265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit exacerbated metabolic activity to maintain their accelerated proliferation and microenvironmental adaptation in order to survive under nutrient-deficient conditions. Tumors display an increase in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, which provide their energy source. Glutamine is critical for fundamental cellular processes, where intermediate metabolites produced through glutaminolysis are necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism. These include antioxidants to remove reactive oxygen species, and the generation of the nonessential amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and fatty acids required for cellular replication and the activation of cell signaling. Some cancer cells are highly dependent on glutamine consumption since its catabolism provides an anaplerotic pathway to feed the Krebs cycle. Intermediate members of the glutaminolysis pathway have been found to be deregulated in several types of cancers and have been proposed as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes the main players in the glutaminolysis pathway, how they have been found to be deregulated in cancer and their implications for cancer maintenance. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs are now recognized as new participants in the regulation of glutaminolysis; therefore, their involvement in glutamine metabolism in cancer is discussed in detail.
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Abstract
The importance of cancer-cell-autonomous functions of the tumour suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) has been established in many studies, but it is now clear that the p53 status of the cancer cell also has a profound impact on the immune response. Loss or mutation of p53 in cancers can affect the recruitment and activity of myeloid and T cells, allowing immune evasion and promoting cancer progression. p53 can also function in immune cells, resulting in various outcomes that can impede or support tumour development. Understanding the role of p53 in tumour and immune cells will help in the development of therapeutic approaches that can harness the differential p53 status of cancers compared with most normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael D Buck
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Tran TQ, Hanse EA, Habowski AN, Li H, Ishak Gabra MB, Yang Y, Lowman XH, Ooi AM, Liao SY, Edwards RA, Waterman ML, Kong M. α-Ketoglutarate attenuates Wnt signaling and drives differentiation in colorectal cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:345-358. [PMID: 32832918 PMCID: PMC7442208 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic-driven deregulation of the Wnt pathway is crucial but not sufficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Here, we show that environmental glutamine restriction further augments Wnt signaling in APC mutant intestinal organoids to promote stemness and leads to adenocarcinoma formation in vivo via decreasing intracellular alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) levels. aKG supplementation is sufficient to rescue low-glutamine induced stemness and Wnt hyperactivation. Mechanistically, we found that aKG promotes hypomethylation of DNA and histone H3K4me3, leading to an upregulation of differentiation-associated genes and downregulation of Wnt target genes, respectively. Using CRC patient-derived organoids and several in vivo CRC tumour models, we show that aKG supplementation suppresses Wnt signaling and promotes cellular differentiation, thereby significantly restricting tumour growth and extending survival. Together, our results reveal how metabolic microenvironment impacts Wnt signaling and identify aKG as a potent antineoplastic metabolite for potential differentiation therapy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Q Tran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amber N Habowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Division of Informatics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Center of Informatics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mari B Ishak Gabra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xazmin H Lowman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amelia M Ooi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shu Y Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, de la Cruz-López KG, Becerril-Rico J, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, Ortiz-Sánchez E, García-Carrancá A. Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function: Role in Cancer Development, Progression, and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607670. [PMID: 33644030 PMCID: PMC7905058 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent p53 mutations (mutp53) not only abolish tumor suppressor capacities but confer various gain-of-function (GOF) activities that impacts molecules and pathways now regarded as central for tumor development and progression. Although the complete impact of GOF is still far from being fully understood, the effects on proliferation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion, among others, certainly constitute major driving forces for human tumors harboring them. In this review we discuss major molecular mechanisms driven by mutp53 GOF. We present novel mechanistic insights on their effects over key functional molecules and processes involved in cancer. We analyze new mechanistic insights impacting processes such as immune system evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and stemness. In particular, the increased lipogenic activity through the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the alteration of metabolic homeostasis due to interactions between mutp53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) that impact anabolic pathways and favor metabolic reprograming. We address, in detail, the impact of mutp53 over metabolic reprogramming and the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells as a consequence, not only of loss-of-function of p53, but rather as an effect of GOF that is crucial for the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, transcriptional activation of new targets, resulting from interaction of mutp53 with NF-kB, HIF-1α, or SREBP1, are presented and discussed. Finally, we discuss perspectives for targeting molecules and pathways involved in chemo-resistance of tumor cells resulting from mutp53 GOF. We discuss and stress the fact that the status of p53 currently constitutes one of the most relevant criteria to understand the role of autophagy as a survival mechanism in cancer, and propose new therapeutic approaches that could promote the reduction of GOF effects exercised by mutp53 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared Becerril-Rico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus and Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alejandro García-Carrancá
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Gain-of-Function Mutant p53: All the Roads Lead to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246197. [PMID: 31817996 PMCID: PMC6940767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. Aside from losing the tumor-suppressive functions of the wild-type form, mutant p53 proteins often acquire inherent, novel oncogenic functions, a phenomenon termed mutant p53 gain-of-function (GOF). A growing body of evidence suggests that these pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53 proteins are mediated by affecting the transcription of various genes, as well as by protein-protein interactions with transcription factors and other effectors. In the current review, we discuss the various GOF effects of mutant p53, and how it may serve as a central node in a network of genes and proteins, which, altogether, promote the tumorigenic process. Finally, we discuss mechanisms by which "Mother Nature" tries to abrogate the pro-oncogenic functions of mutant p53. Thus, we suggest that targeting mutant p53, via its reactivation to the wild-type form, may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for many cancers that harbor mutant p53. Not only will this strategy abrogate mutant p53 GOF, but it will also restore WT p53 tumor-suppressive functions.
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Lowman XH, Hanse EA, Yang Y, Ishak Gabra MB, Tran TQ, Li H, Kong M. p53 Promotes Cancer Cell Adaptation to Glutamine Deprivation by Upregulating Slc7a3 to Increase Arginine Uptake. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3051-3060.e4. [PMID: 30865893 PMCID: PMC6510239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells heavily depend on the amino acid glutamine to meet the demands associated with growth and proliferation. Due to the rapid consumption of glutamine, cancer cells frequently undergo glutamine starvation in vivo. We and others have shown that p53 is a critical regulator in metabolic stress resistance. To better understand the molecular mechanisms by which p53 activation promotes cancer cell adaptation to glutamine deprivation, we identified p53-dependent genes that are induced upon glutamine deprivation by using RNA-seq analysis. We show that Slc7a3, an arginine transporter, is significantly induced by p53. We also show that increased intracellular arginine levels following glutamine deprivation are dependent on p53. The influx of arginine has minimal effects on known metabolic pathways upon glutamine deprivation. Instead, we found arginine serves as an effector for mTORC1 activation to promote cell growth in response to glutamine starvation. Therefore, we identify a p53-inducible gene that contributes to the metabolic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xazmin H Lowman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mari B Ishak Gabra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Thai Q Tran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Haiqing Li
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mei Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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MiR-135 suppresses glycolysis and promotes pancreatic cancer cell adaptation to metabolic stress by targeting phosphofructokinase-1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:809. [PMID: 30778058 PMCID: PMC6379428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers. It thrives in a nutrient-poor environment; however, the mechanisms by which PDAC cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to metabolic stress are still poorly understood. Here, we show that microRNA-135 is significantly increased in PDAC patient samples compared to adjacent normal tissue. Mechanistically, miR-135 accumulates specifically in response to glutamine deprivation and requires ROS-dependent activation of mutant p53, which directly promotes miR-135 expression. Functionally, we found miR-135 targets phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1) and inhibits aerobic glycolysis, thereby promoting the utilization of glucose to support the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Consistently, miR-135 silencing sensitizes PDAC cells to glutamine deprivation and represses tumor growth in vivo. Together, these results identify a mechanism used by PDAC cells to survive the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment, and also provide insight regarding the role of mutant p53 and miRNA in pancreatic cancer cell adaptation to metabolic stresses.
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41
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Coordinative metabolism of glutamine carbon and nitrogen in proliferating cancer cells under hypoxia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30643150 PMCID: PMC6331631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Under hypoxia, most of glucose is converted to secretory lactate, which leads to the overuse of glutamine-carbon. However, under such a condition how glutamine nitrogen is disposed to avoid over-accumulating ammonia remains to be determined. Here we identify a metabolic flux of glutamine to secretory dihydroorotate, which is indispensable to glutamine-carbon metabolism under hypoxia. We found that glutamine nitrogen is necessary to nucleotide biosynthesis, but enriched in dihyroorotate and orotate rather than processing to its downstream uridine monophosphate under hypoxia. Dihyroorotate, not orotate, is then secreted out of cells. Furthermore, we found that the specific metabolic pathway occurs in vivo and is required for tumor growth. The identified metabolic pathway renders glutamine mainly to acetyl coenzyme A for lipogenesis, with the rest carbon and nitrogen being safely removed. Therefore, our results reveal how glutamine carbon and nitrogen are coordinatively metabolized under hypoxia, and provide a comprehensive understanding on glutamine metabolism. Glutamine metabolism is increased in proliferating cells under hypoxia potentially generating exceeding nitrogen. Here the authors show that under hypoxia a specific metabolic pathway is activated to push glutamine carbons and excess nitrogen via the reductive pathway to dihyroorotate which is then secreted by the cells and that such pathway is necessary for tumor growth.
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Guo Y, Zhang L, Zhou G, Ma Q, Gao S, Zhao Y. Effects of siRNA-mediated silencing of Bmi-1 gene expression on proliferation of gastric cancer cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219845534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of siRNA-mediated silencing of Bmi-1 gene expression on proliferation of AGS gastric cancer cell. siRNA Bmi-1 was transfected into human AGS gastric cancer cells by liposome (as siRNA Bmi-1 group) with negative control (as control group); the expressions of Bmi-1 and apoptosis-related genes like P21, Bax, and Bcl-2 in AGS cells were determined by Western blot method; the apoptosis of AGS cells was detected by flow cytometry double staining and Hoechst staining; and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. Compared with the control group, the expression of Bmi-1 in the siRNA Bmi-1 group was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05), the apoptosis rate was increased ( P < 0.05), and cell cycles were arrested at G1 phase (P < 0.05); the expression level of P21 and Bax in cells was significantly up-regulated while that of Bcl-2 down-regulated ( P < 0.05). The down regulation of Bmi-1 can inhibit the proliferation of AGS gastric cancer cell and promote its apoptosis, which takes such effects mainly by up-regulating P21 as well as Bax and down-regulating Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Humpton TJ, Hock AK, Maddocks ODK, Vousden KH. p53-mediated adaptation to serine starvation is retained by a common tumour-derived mutant. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:18. [PMID: 30524726 PMCID: PMC6276204 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to oncogenic stress, the tumour suppressor protein p53 can induce the elimination of cells through induction of cell death or senescence, helping to restrain malignant progression. Conversely, under nutrient stress, p53 can protect cells by supporting metabolic adaptation. Many cancers express mutant p53 proteins that have lost the cell-elimination properties of wild-type p53. However, a previous report showed that a tumour-derived mutant can retain the ability to support cells under glutamine starvation. RESULTS We show that a commonly occurring p53 mutant, R248W, retains wild-type ability to support survival under serine starvation. R248W, but not R175H, can engage p21 and MDM2, which both function to limit oxidative stress and facilitate the switch to de novo serine synthesis. In vivo, the growth of R248W-expressing tumours is resistant to dietary depletion of serine and glycine, correlating with an increased capacity to limit ROS compared to tumours expressing R175H. Human cancers expressing this p53 mutant show a worse outcome. CONCLUSION Our work shows that mutant p53s can selectively retain wild-type p53 functions that allow adaptation to serine starvation through the activation of antioxidant defence pathways. Tumours containing this p53 mutation are resistant to serine-limited conditions and less responsive to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas K. Hock
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Oliver D. K. Maddocks
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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44
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IKKβ activates p53 to promote cancer cell adaptation to glutamine deprivation. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:93. [PMID: 30478303 PMCID: PMC6255781 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to reprogram cellular metabolism to increase the uptake of necessary nutrients such as glucose and glutamine. Driven by oncogenes, cancer cells have increased glutamine uptake to support their highly proliferative nature. However, as cancer cells continue to replicate and grow, they lose access to vascular tissues and deplete local supply of nutrients and oxygen. We previously showed that many tumor cells situate in a low glutamine microenvironment in vivo, yet the mechanisms of how they are able to adapt to this metabolic stress are still not fully understood. Here, we report that IκB-kinase β (IKKβ) is needed to promote survival and its activation is accompanied by phosphorylation of the metabolic sensor, p53, in response to glutamine deprivation. Knockdown of IKKβ decreases the level of wild-type and mutant p53 phosphorylation and its transcriptional activity, indicating a novel relationship between IKKβ and p53 in mediating cancer cell survival in response to glutamine withdrawal. Phosphopeptide mass spectrometry analysis further reveals that IKKβ phosphorylates p53 on Ser392 to facilitate its activation upon glutamine deprivation, independent of the NF-κB pathway. The results of this study offer an insight into the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells that is dependent on a previously unidentified IKKβ–p53 signaling axis in response to glutamine depletion. More importantly, this study highlights a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment and advances our understanding of adaptive mechanisms that could lead to resistance to current glutamine targeting therapies.
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45
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Tajan M, Hock AK, Blagih J, Robertson NA, Labuschagne CF, Kruiswijk F, Humpton TJ, Adams PD, Vousden KH. A Role for p53 in the Adaptation to Glutamine Starvation through the Expression of SLC1A3. Cell Metab 2018; 28:721-736.e6. [PMID: 30122553 PMCID: PMC6224545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms to support cells under conditions of transient nutrient starvation have been described. Several functions of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 can contribute to the adaptation of cells to metabolic stress and help cancer cell survival under nutrient-limiting conditions. We show here that p53 promotes the expression of SLC1A3, an aspartate/glutamate transporter that allows the utilization of aspartate to support cells in the absence of extracellular glutamine. Under glutamine deprivation, SLC1A3 expression maintains electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, promoting de novo glutamate, glutamine, and nucleotide synthesis to rescue cell viability. Tumor cells with high levels of SLC1A3 expression are resistant to glutamine starvation, and SLC1A3 depletion retards the growth of these cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a therapeutic potential for SLC1A3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Tajan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreas K Hock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Neil A Robertson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Flore Kruiswijk
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Timothy J Humpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Baruah TJ, Sharan RN, Kma L. Vicenin-2: a potential radiosensitizer of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1219-1225. [PMID: 30099686 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major form of cancer and is resistant to chemo- and radio-therapy. Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) is a flavonoid obtained from Ocimum sanctum L. and it has been reported to have radioprotective and anti-cancer properties. This study was conducted to check for the radiosensitizing potential of VCN-2 in the NSCLC cell line, NCI-H23. NCI-H23 cells were exposed to VCN-2 singularly, and to X-rays with and without prior VCN-2 treatment. Cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation assay, caspase-3 activity assay, DNA fragmentation assay and Western blotting for Rad50, MMP-2 and p21 were performed to investigate the radiosensitizing properties of VCN-2. Fibroblast survival assay was performed using HEK293T cells to check for any adverse effects of VCN-2 on normal fibroblast cell line. VCN-2 singularly and in combination with radiation reduced the surviving cancer cells, increased caspase-3 activity, increased DNA fragmentation, increased the levels of Rad50 and lowered levels of MMP-2 and p21 proteins while being non-toxic and radioprotective to the fibroblast cells. VCN-2 showed a potent radiosensitizing property while also showing a chemotherapeutic property against NSCLC cell line NCI-H23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranga Jyoti Baruah
- Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - R N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Lakhan Kma
- Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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Wang X, Chen H, Wen Y, Yang X, Han Q, Jiang P, Huang Z, Cai J, Wang Z. Dicer affects cisplatin‑mediated apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4381-4387. [PMID: 30221734 PMCID: PMC6172369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicer is an essential enzyme that processes micro (mi)-RNA precursors into mature miRNAs, and serves a critical role in cancer development and progression by regulating gene expression. However, the role of Dicer in cisplatin‑mediated apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells is poorly understood. In the present study, Dicer was expressed at low levels in cisplatin‑resistant A2780 cells when compared with parental cells. In addition, knocking down Dicer using short hairpin RNA decreased the sensitivity of A2780 and CAOV3 cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, downregulating Dicer significantly inhibited cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, and decreased the levels of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling pathways, including P73, P63, P53, caspase‑9 and caspase‑3. These findings indicated that Dicer may be a promising target for overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- University Clinic for Medical Radiation Physics, Medical Campus Pius‑Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg D‑26121, Germany
| | - Zaiju Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - Cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:32-42. [PMID: 29883595 PMCID: PMC6102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an important tumour suppressor gene, with loss of p53 contributing to the development of most human cancers. However, the activation of p53 in response to stress signals underpins a role for p53 in diverse aspects of health and disease. Activities of p53 that regulate metabolism can play a role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells from damage - so preventing disease development. By contrast, either loss or over-activation of p53 can contribute to numerous metabolic pathologies, including aging, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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49
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McGowan EM, Lin Y, Hatoum D. Good Guy or Bad Guy? The Duality of Wild-Type p53 in Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Origin, Treatment, and Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060172. [PMID: 29857525 PMCID: PMC6025368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Lactation is at one point perilously near becoming a cancerous process if it is at all arrested", Beatson, 1896. Most breast cancers arise from the milk-producing cells that are characterized by aberrant cellular, molecular, and epigenetic translation. By understanding the underlying molecular disruptions leading to the origin of cancer, we might be able to design novel strategies for more efficacious treatments or, ambitiously, divert the cancerous process. It is an established reality that full-term pregnancy in a young woman provides a lifetime reduction in breast cancer risk, whereas delay in full-term pregnancy increases short-term breast cancer risk and the probability of latent breast cancer development. Hormonal activation of the p53 protein (encode by the TP53 gene) in the mammary gland at a critical time in pregnancy has been identified as one of the most important determinants of whether the mammary gland develops latent breast cancer. This review discusses what is known about the protective influence of female hormones in young parous women, with a specific focus on the opportune role of wild-type p53 reprogramming in mammary cell differentiation. The importance of p53 as a protector or perpetrator in hormone-dependent breast cancer, resistance to treatment, and recurrence is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McGowan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
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50
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Kirsch BJ, Chang SJ, Le A. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:95-106. [PMID: 29946778 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with differing biological characteristics. About 90% of all lymphomas in the United States originate from B lymphocytes, while the remaining originate from T cells [1]. The treatment of NHLs depends on neoplastic histology and the stage of the tumor, which will indicate whether radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination is the best suitable treatment [2]. The American Cancer Society describes the staging of lymphoma as follows: Stage I is lymphoma in a single node or area. Stage II is when that lymphoma has spread to another node or organ tissue. Stage III is when it has spread to lymph nodes in two sides of the diaphragm. Stage IV is when the cancer has significantly spread to organs outside the lymph system. Radiation therapy is the traditional therapeutic route for localized follicular and mucosa-associated lymphomas. Chemotherapy is utilized for the treatment of large cell lymphomas and high-grade lymphomas [2]. However, treatment of indolent lymphomas remains problematic as the patients often have metastasis for which no standard approach exists [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian James Kirsch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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