1
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Wang J, Yang L, Du Y, Wang J, Weng Q, Liu X, Nicholson E, Xin M, Lu QR. BRG1 programs PRC2-complex repression and controls oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310143. [PMID: 38652118 PMCID: PMC11040499 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-remodeling protein BRG1/SMARCA4 is pivotal for establishing oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage identity. However, its functions for oligodendrocyte-precursor cell (OPC) differentiation within the postnatal brain and during remyelination remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Brg1 loss profoundly impairs OPC differentiation in the brain with a comparatively lesser effect in the spinal cord. Moreover, BRG1 is critical for OPC remyelination after injury. Integrative transcriptomic/genomic profiling reveals that BRG1 exhibits a dual role by promoting OPC differentiation networks while repressing OL-inhibitory cues and proneuronal programs. Furthermore, we find that BRG1 interacts with EED/PRC2 polycomb-repressive-complexes to enhance H3K27me3-mediated repression at gene loci associated with OL-differentiation inhibition and neurogenesis. Notably, BRG1 depletion decreases H3K27me3 deposition, leading to the upregulation of BMP/WNT signaling and proneurogenic genes, which suppresses OL programs. Thus, our findings reveal a hitherto unexplored spatiotemporal-specific role of BRG1 for OPC differentiation in the developing CNS and underscore a new insight into BRG1/PRC2-mediated epigenetic regulation that promotes and safeguards OL lineage commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yiwen Du
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eva Nicholson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qing Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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2
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Sun B, Luo F, Gao Y, Feng H, Li Y. KAP1 stabilizes MYCN mRNA and promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenicity by protecting the RNA m 6A reader YTHDC1 protein degradation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:141. [PMID: 38745192 PMCID: PMC11092262 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) patients with amplified MYCN often face a grim prognosis and are resistant to existing therapies, yet MYCN protein is considered undruggable. KAP1 (also named TRIM28) plays a crucial role in multiple biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between KAP1 and MYCN in NB. METHODS Transcriptome analyses and luciferase reporter assay identified that KAP1 was a downstream target of MYCN. The effects of KAP1 on cancer cell proliferation and colony formation were explored using the loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. RNA stability detection was used to examine the influence of KAP1 on MYCN expression. The mechanisms of KAP1 to maintain MYCN mRNA stabilization were mainly investigated by mass spectrum, immunoprecipitation, RIP-qPCR, and western blotting. In addition, a xenograft mouse model was used to reveal the antitumor effect of STM2457 on NB. RESULTS Here we identified KAP1 as a critical regulator of MYCN mRNA stability by protecting the RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDC1 protein degradation. KAP1 was highly expressed in clinical MYCN-amplified NB and was upregulated by MYCN. Reciprocally, KAP1 knockdown reduced MYCN mRNA stability and inhibited MYCN-amplified NB progression. Mechanistically, KAP1 regulated the stability of MYCN mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. KAP1 formed a complex with YTHDC1 and RNA m6A writer METTL3 to regulate m6A-modified MYCN mRNA stability. KAP1 depletion decreased YTHDC1 protein stability and promoted MYCN mRNA degradation. Inhibiting MYCN mRNA m6A modification synergized with chemotherapy to restrain tumor progression in MYCN-amplified NB. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates that KAP1, transcriptionally activated by MYCN, forms a complex with YTHDC1 and METTL3, which in turn maintain the stabilization of MYCN mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner. Targeting m6A modification by STM2457, a small-molecule inhibitor of METTL3, could downregulate MYCN expression and attenuate tumor proliferation. This finding provides a new alternative putative therapeutic strategy for MYCN-amplified NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yijin Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haizhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yanxin Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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3
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Hyder U, Challa A, Thornton M, Nandu T, Kraus WL, D’Orso I. KAP1 negatively regulates RNA polymerase II elongation kinetics to activate signal-induced transcription. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592422. [PMID: 38746145 PMCID: PMC11092767 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Signal-induced transcriptional programs regulate critical biological processes through the precise spatiotemporal activation of Immediate Early Genes (IEGs); however, the mechanisms of transcription induction remain poorly understood. By combining an acute depletion system with high resolution genomics approaches to interrogate synchronized, temporal transcription, we reveal that KAP1/TRIM28 is a first responder that fulfills the temporal and heightened transcriptional demand of IEGs. Unexpectedly, acute KAP1 loss triggers an increase in RNA polymerase II elongation kinetics during early stimulation time points. This elongation defect derails the normal progression through the transcriptional cycle during late stimulation time points, ultimately leading to decreased recruitment of the transcription apparatus for re-initiation thereby dampening IEGs transcriptional output. Collectively, KAP1 plays a counterintuitive role by negatively regulating transcription elongation to support full activation across multiple transcription cycles of genes critical for cell physiology and organismal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Hyder
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Challa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Micah Thornton
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Iván D’Orso
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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4
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Kashiwagi K, Yoshida J, Kimura H, Shinjo K, Kondo Y, Horie K. Mutation of the SWI/SNF complex component Smarce1 decreases nucleosome stability in embryonic stem cells and impairs differentiation. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs260467. [PMID: 38357971 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex consists of more than ten component proteins that form a large protein complex of >1 MDa. The catalytic proteins Smarca4 or Smarca2 work in concert with the component proteins to form a chromatin platform suitable for transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanism by which each component protein works synergistically with the catalytic proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we report on the function of Smarce1, a component of the SWI/SNF complex, through the phenotypic analysis of homozygous mutant embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Disruption of Smarce1 induced the dissociation of other complex components from the SWI/SNF complex. Histone binding to DNA was loosened in homozygous mutant ESCs, indicating that disruption of Smarce1 decreased nucleosome stability. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis suggested that there was an ectopic genomic distribution of the SWI/SNF complex upon disruption of Smarce1, accounting for the misregulation of chromatin conformations. Unstable nucleosomes remained during ESC differentiation, impairing the heterochromatin formation that is characteristic of the differentiation process. These results suggest that Smarce1 guides the SWI/SNF complex to the appropriate genomic regions to generate chromatin structures adequate for transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunobu Kashiwagi
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiko Shinjo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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5
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Yang D, Geng T, Harrison AG, Cahoon JG, Xing J, Jiao B, Wang M, Cheng C, Hill RE, Wang H, Vella AT, Cheng G, Wang Y, Wang P. UBR5 promotes antiviral immunity by disengaging the transcriptional brake on RIG-I like receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:780. [PMID: 38278841 PMCID: PMC10817939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are more susceptible to lethal RNA virus infection than wild type littermates. Mechanistically, UBR5 mediates the Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28), an epigenetic repressor of RLRs. This modification prevents intramolecular SUMOylation of TRIM28, thus disengages the TRIM28-imposed brake on RLR transcription. In sum, UBR5 enables rapid upregulation of RLR expression to boost antiviral immune responses by ubiquitinating and de-SUMOylating TRIM28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason G Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mark Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Hill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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6
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Godneeva B, Fejes Tóth K, Quan B, Chou TF, Aravin AA. Impact of Germline Depletion of Bonus on Chromatin State in Drosophila Ovaries. Cells 2023; 12:2629. [PMID: 37998364 PMCID: PMC10670193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled via complex regulatory mechanisms involving transcription factors, chromatin modifications, and chromatin regulatory factors. Histone modifications, such as H3K27me3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac, play an important role in controlling chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output. In vertebrates, the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family of proteins play essential roles in transcription, cell differentiation, DNA repair, and mitosis. Our study focused on Bonus, the sole member of the TIF1 family in Drosophila, to investigate its role in organizing epigenetic modifications. Our findings demonstrated that depleting Bonus in ovaries leads to a mild reduction in the H3K27me3 level over transposon regions and alters the distribution of active H3K9ac marks on specific protein-coding genes. Additionally, through mass spectrometry analysis, we identified novel interacting partners of Bonus in ovaries, such as PolQ, providing a comprehensive understanding of the associated molecular pathways. Furthermore, our research revealed Bonus's interactions with the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and its co-purification with select histone acetyltransferases, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms behind these changes in chromatin modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baira Godneeva
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Katalin Fejes Tóth
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Baiyi Quan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexei A. Aravin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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7
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EZH2 interacts with HP1BP3 to epigenetically activate WNT7B that promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:461-470. [PMID: 36517590 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults and harbors a subpopulation of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone lysine methyltransferase, deeply involves in the stemness maintenance of GSC. However, the precise mechanism and therapeutic potential remain elusive. We postulated that the interactome of EZH2 in GSC is unique. Therefore, we performed proteomic and transcriptomic research to unveil the oncogenic mechanism of EZH2. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that co-precipitate with EZH2. We show that EZH2 binds to heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) in GSCs and impairs the methylation of H3K9. Overexpression of HP1BP3 enhances the proliferation, self-renewal and temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, EZH2 and HP1BP3 co-activate WNT7B expression thereby increasing TMZ resistance and stemness of GBM cells. Importantly, inhibition of WNT7B autocrine via LGK974 effectively reverses the TMZ resistance. Our work clarifies a new oncogenic mechanism of EZH2 by which it interacts with HP1BP3 and epigenetically activates WNT7B thereby promoting TMZ resistance in GSCs. Our results provide a rationale for targeting WNT/β-catenin pathway as a promising strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GSCs.
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8
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Yang Y, Tan S, Han Y, Huang L, Yang R, Hu Z, Tao Y, Oyang L, Lin J, Peng Q, Jiang X, Xu X, Xia L, Peng M, Wu N, Tang Y, Li X, Liao Q, Zhou Y. The role of tripartite motif-containing 28 in cancer progression and its therapeutic potentials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100134. [PMID: 36756159 PMCID: PMC9899900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) belongs to tripartite motif (TRIM) family. TRIM28 not only binds and degrades its downstream target, but also acts as a transcription co-factor to inhibit gene expression. More and more studies have shown that TRIM28 plays a vital role in tumor genesis and progression. Here, we reviewed the role of TRIM28 in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and cell death. Moreover, we also summarized the important role of TRIM28 in tumor stemness sustainability and immune regulation. Because of the importance of TRIM28 in tumors, TIRM28 may be a candidate target for anti-tumor therapy and play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lisheng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ruiqian Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zifan Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuemeng Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yujuan Zhou, ; Qianjin Liao, ; Xiaoling Li,
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yujuan Zhou, ; Qianjin Liao, ; Xiaoling Li,
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yujuan Zhou, ; Qianjin Liao, ; Xiaoling Li,
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9
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Discovery of IHMT-337 as a potent irreversible EZH2 inhibitor targeting CDK4 transcription for malignancies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:18. [PMID: 36642705 PMCID: PMC9841011 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an enzymatic subunit of PRC2 complex, plays an important role in tumor development and progression through its catalytic and noncatalytic activities. Overexpression or gain-of-function mutations of EZH2 have been significantly associated with tumor cell proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). As a result, it has gained interest as a potential therapeutic target. The currently available EZH2 inhibitors, such as EPZ6438 and GSK126, are of benefit for clinical using or reached clinical trials. However, certain cancers are resistant to these enzymatic inhibitors due to its noncatalytic or transcriptional activity through modulating nonhistone proteins. Thus, it may be more effective to synergistically degrade EZH2 in addition to enzymatic inhibition. Here, through a rational design and chemical screening, we discovered a new irreversible EZH2 inhibitor, IHMT-337, which covalently bounds to and degrades EZH2 via the E3 ligase CHIP-mediated ubiquitination pathway. Moreover, we revealed that IHMT-337 affects cell cycle progression in TNBC cells through targeting transcriptional regulating of CDK4, a novel PRC2 complex- and enzymatic activity-independent function of EZH2. More significantly, our compound inhibits both DLBCL and TNBC cell proliferation in different preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that in addition to enzymatic inhibition, destroying of EZH2 by IHMT-337 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBC and other malignancies that are independent of EZH2 enzymatic activity.
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10
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Guo Y, Yu Y, Wang GG. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Oncology. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:273-320. [PMID: 38113005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of the chromatin state by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) provides an important mean for epigenetic gene control that can profoundly influence normal development and cell lineage specification. PRC2 and PRC2-induced methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) are critically involved in a wide range of DNA-templated processes, which at least include transcriptional repression and gene imprinting, organization of three-dimensional chromatin structure, DNA replication and DNA damage response and repair. PRC2-based genome regulation often goes wrong in diseases, notably cancer. This chapter discusses about different modes-of-action through which PRC2 and EZH2, a catalytic subunit of PRC2, mediate (epi)genomic and transcriptomic regulation. We will also discuss about how alteration or mutation of the PRC2 core or axillary component promotes oncogenesis, how post-translational modification regulates functionality of EZH2 and PRC2, and how PRC2 and other epigenetic pathways crosstalk. Lastly, we will briefly touch on advances in targeting EZH2 and PRC2 dependence as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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11
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LncRNA PVT-1 promotes osteosarcoma cancer stem-like properties through direct interaction with TRIM28 and TSC2 ubiquitination. Oncogene 2022; 41:5373-5384. [PMID: 36348010 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common pediatric bone tumor, is an aggressive heterogeneous malignancy defined by complex chromosomal aberrations. Overall survival rates remain at ~70%, but patients with chemoresistant or metastatic disease have extremely poor outcomes of <30%. A subgroup of tumors harbor amplification of chromosome 8q24.2 and increased expression of the oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation-1 (PVT-1), which is associated with an extremely poor clinical prognosis. This study demonstrates that PVT-1 is critical for osteosarcoma tumor-initiation potential. Chromatin Hybridization by RNA Purification analysis identified Tripartite-Motif Containing Family 28 (TRIM28) as a novel PVT-1 binding partner. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation studies showed the PVT-1/TRIM28 complex binds and increases SUMOylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (Vps34), which leads to enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressor complex 2 (TSC2), thus contributing to increased self-renewal and stem cell phenotypes. Furthermore, we identified that osteosarcoma cells with increased PVT-1 have enhanced sensitivity to the SUMOylation inhibitor, TAK-981. Altogether, this study elucidated a role for PVT-1 in the enhancement of cancer stem-like behaviors, including migration and invasion, in osteosarcoma, and identified the novel PVT-1/TRIM28 axis signaling cascade as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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12
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Advances in Biomarkers and Endogenous Regulation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192941. [PMID: 36230903 PMCID: PMC9562239 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. Even if breast cancer patients initially respond to treatment, developed resistance can lead to a poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of undifferentiated cells with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation characteristics. Existing evidence has shown that CSCs are one of the determinants that contribute to the heterogeneity of primary tumors. The emergence of CSCs causes tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Previous studies indicated that different stemness-associated surface markers can identify other breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) subpopulations. Deciphering the critical signaling networks that are involved in the induction and maintenance of stemness is essential to develop novel BCSC-targeting strategies. In this review, we reviewed the biomarkers of BCSCs, critical regulators of BCSCs, and the signaling networks that regulate the stemness of BCSCs.
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13
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TRIM28 Is a Novel Regulator of CD133 Expression Associated with Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179874. [PMID: 36077272 PMCID: PMC9456468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is an extensively studied marker of the most malignant tumor cell population, designated as cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the function of this glycoprotein and its involvement in cell regulatory cascades are still poorly understood. Here we show a positive correlation between the level of CD133 plasma membrane expression and the proliferative activity of cells of the Caco-2, HT-29, and HUH7 cancer cell lines. Despite a substantial difference in the proliferative activities of cell populations with different levels of CD133 expression, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed only minor distinctions between them. Nonetheless, a further in silico assessment of the differentially expressed transcripts and proteins revealed 16 proteins that could be involved in the regulation of CD133 expression; these were assigned ranks reflecting the apparent extent of their involvement. Among them, the TRIM28 transcription factor had the highest rank. The prominent role of TRIM28 in CD133 expression modulation was confirmed experimentally in the Caco2 cell line clones: the knockout, though not the knockdown, of the TRIM28 gene downregulated CD133. These results for the first time highlight an important role of the TRIM28 transcription factor in the regulation of CD133-associated cancer cell heterogeneity.
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14
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Dale B, Anderson C, Park KS, Kaniskan HÜ, Ma A, Shen Y, Zhang C, Xie L, Chen X, Yu X, Jin J. Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by a Novel Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Degrader of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:491-507. [PMID: 35837138 PMCID: PMC9274772 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), correlating with poor prognosis. However, EZH2 catalytic inhibitors are ineffective in suppressing the growth of TNBC cells that are dependent on EZH2. Knockdown of EZH2 inhibits the proliferation of these cells, suggesting that EZH2 protein overexpression but not its catalytic activity is critical for driving TNBC progression. Several proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders of EZH2, including the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-recruiting PROTAC YM281, have been reported. However, the effects of these EZH2 PROTACs in TNBC cells were not investigated. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a novel, potent, and selective EZH2 PROTAC degrader, MS8815 (compound 16), which induced robust EZH2 degradation in a concentration-, time-, and proteasome-dependent manner in TNBC cells. Importantly, 16 effectively suppressed the cell growth in multiple TNBC cell lines and primary patient TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dale
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chris Anderson
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - H. Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yudao Shen
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ling Xie
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xian Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States,
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount
Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological
Sciences, Oncological Sciences, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States,
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15
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Nehme Z, Pasquereau S, Haidar Ahmad S, El Baba R, Herbein G. Polyploid giant cancer cells, EZH2 and Myc upregulation in mammary epithelial cells infected with high-risk human cytomegalovirus. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104056. [PMID: 35596973 PMCID: PMC9121245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been actively implicated in complex neoplastic processes. Beyond oncomodulation, the molecular mechanisms that might underlie HCMV-induced oncogenesis are being extensively studied. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins, in particular enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are associated with cancer progression. Nevertheless, little is known about EZH2 activation in the context of HCMV infection and breast oncogenesis. Methods Herein, we identified EZH2 as a downstream target for HCMV-induced Myc upregulation upon acute and chronic infection with high-risk strains using a human mammary epithelial model. Findings We detected polyploidy and CMV-transformed HMECs (CTH) cells harboring HCMV and dynamically undergoing the giant cells cycle. Acquisition of embryonic stemness markers positively correlated with EZH2 and Myc expression. EZH2 inhibitors curtail sustained CTH cells’ malignant phenotype. Besides harboring polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), tumorigenic breast biopsies were characterized by an enhanced EZH2 and Myc expression, with a strong positive correlation between EZH2 and Myc expression, and between PGCC count and EZH2/Myc expression in the presence of HCMV. Further, we isolated two HCMV strains from EZH2HighMycHigh basal-like tumors which replicate in MRC5 cells and transform HMECs toward CTH cells after acute infection. Interpretation Our data establish a potential link between HCMV-induced Myc activation, the subsequent EZH2 upregulation, and polyploidy induction. These data support the proposed tumorigenesis properties of EZH2/Myc, and allow the isolation of two oncogenic HCMV strains from EZH2HighMycHigh basal breast tumors while identifying EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target in the management of breast cancer, particularly upon HCMV infection. Funding This work was supported by grants from the University of Franche-Comté (UFC) (CR3300), the Région Franche-Comté (2021-Y-08292 and 2021-Y-08290) and the Ligue contre le Cancer (CR3304) to Georges Herbein. Zeina Nehme is a recipient of a doctoral scholarship from the municipality of Habbouch. Sandy Haidar Ahmad is recipient of a doctoral scholarship from Lebanese municipality. Ranim El Baba is a recipient of a doctoral scholarship from Hariri foundation for sustainable human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Nehme
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France; Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
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16
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Zhao Y, Guan YY, Zhao F, Yu T, Zhang SJ, Zhang YZ, Duan YC, Zhou XL. Recent strategies targeting Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) for cancer therapy: Allosteric inhibitors, PPI inhibitors, and PROTACs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Randolph K, Hyder U, D’Orso I. KAP1/TRIM28: Transcriptional Activator and/or Repressor of Viral and Cellular Programs? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834636. [PMID: 35281453 PMCID: PMC8904932 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several transcriptional and epigenetic regulators have been functionally linked to the control of viral and cellular gene expression programs. One such regulator is Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1: also named TRIM28 or TIF1β), which has been extensively studied in the past three decades. Here we offer an up-to date review of its various functions in a diversity of contexts. We first summarize the discovery of KAP1 repression of endogenous retroviruses during development. We then deliberate evidence in the literature suggesting KAP1 is both an activator and repressor of HIV-1 transcription and discuss experimental differences and limitations of previous studies. Finally, we discuss KAP1 regulation of DNA and RNA viruses, and then expand on KAP1 control of cellular responses and immune functions. While KAP1 positive and negative regulation of viral and cellular transcriptional programs is vastly documented, our mechanistic understanding remains narrow. We thus propose that precision genetic tools to reveal direct KAP1 functions in gene regulation will be required to not only illuminate new biology but also provide the foundation to translate the basic discoveries from the bench to the clinics.
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18
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Czerwinska P, Jaworska AM, Wlodarczyk NA, Cisek M, Karwacka M, Lipowicz J, Ostapowicz J, Rosochowicz M, Mackiewicz AA. The association between bromodomain (BrD) proteins and cancer stemness in different solid tumor types. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1838-1849. [PMID: 35049055 PMCID: PMC9303422 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stemness, which covers the stem cell‐like molecular traits of cancer cells, is essential for tumor development, progression and relapse. Both transcriptional and epigenetic aberrations are essentially connected with cancer stemness. The engagement of bromodomain (BrD) proteins—a family of epigenetic factors—has been presented in the pathogenesis of several tumor types, although their association with cancer stemness remains largely unknown. Here, we harnessed TCGA and GEO databases and used several bioinformatic tools (ie, Oncomine, PrognoScan, GEPIA2, TIMER2.0, TISIDB, GSEA, R2 platform) to characterize the association between the BrD family members' expression and cancer stemness in solid tumors. Our results demonstrate that significant upregulation of ATAD2 and SMARCA4, and downregulation of SMARCA2 is consistently associated with enriched cancer stem cell‐like phenotype, respectively. Especially, higher‐grade tumors that display stem cell‐like properties overexpress ATAD2. In contrast to most BrD members, the gene expression profiles of ATAD2HIGH expressing tumors are strongly enriched with known markers of stem cells and with specific targets for c‐Myc transcription factor. For other BrD proteins, the association with cancer de‐differentiation status is rather tumor‐specific. Our results demonstrate for the first time the relation between distinct BrD family proteins and cancer stemness across 27 solid tumor types. Specifically, our approach allowed us to discover a robust association of high ATAD2 expression with cancer stemness and reveal its' versatility in tumors. As bromodomains are attractive targets from a chemical and structural perspective, we propose ATAD2 as a novel druggable target for de‐differentiated tumors, especially those overexpressing MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre,15 Garbary St., 61‐866 Poznan Poland
| | - Anna Maria Jaworska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Małgorzata Cisek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Marianna Karwacka
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Julia Lipowicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Julia Ostapowicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Monika Rosochowicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St. Poznan Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre,15 Garbary St., 61‐866 Poznan Poland
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19
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Adibfar S, Elveny M, Kashikova HS, Mikhailova MV, Farhangnia P, Vakili-Samiani S, Tarokhian H, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of EZH2 in breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 286:120047. [PMID: 34653429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marischa Elveny
- DS & CI Research Group, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Advanced Cellular Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Vakili-Samiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Tarokhian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Integrated Medicine and Aging Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Li W, Wu H, Sui S, Wang Q, Xu S, Pang D. Targeting Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer: A Precise Weapon on the Way. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736935. [PMID: 34595180 PMCID: PMC8476812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications (HMs) contribute to maintaining genomic stability, transcription, DNA repair, and modulating chromatin in cancer cells. Furthermore, HMs are dynamic and reversible processes that involve interactions between numerous enzymes and molecular components. Aberrant HMs are strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC), although the specific mechanisms are not completely understood. Moreover, there is no comprehensive overview of abnormal HMs in BC, and BC therapies that target HMs are still in their infancy. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing evidence regarding HMs that are involved in BC and the potential mechanisms that are related to aberrant HMs. Moreover, this review examines the currently available agents and approved drugs that have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to evaluate their effects on HMs. Finally, this review covers the barriers to the clinical application of therapies that target HMs, and possible strategies that could help overcome these barriers and accelerate the use of these therapies to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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21
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Parker KA, Gooding AJ, Valadkhan S, Schiemann WP. lncRNA BORG:TRIM28 Complexes Drive Metastatic Progression by Inducing α6 Integrin/CD49f Expression in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2068-2080. [PMID: 34497119 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with its aggressive phenotype being attributed to chemotherapy resistance, metastatic dissemination, and rapid disease recurrence. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are significant contributors to tumor initiation, as well as to the acquisition of aggressive tumorigenic phenotypes, namely due to their ability to self-replicate and to produce heterogeneous differentiated tumor cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms that drive BCSC tumorigenicity in TNBC, we identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) B MP/ O P- R esponsive G ene (BORG) as an enhancer of BCSC phenotypes. Indeed, we found BORG expression to: (i) correlate with stem cell markers Nanog, Aldh1a3, and Itga6 (α6 integrin/CD49f); (ii) enhance stem cell phenotypes in murine and human TNBC cells, and (iii) promote TNBC tumor initiation in mice. Mechanistically, BORG promoted BCSC phenotypes through its ability to interact physically with the E3 SUMO ligase TRIM28. Moreover, TRIM28 binding was observed in the promoter region of Itga6, whose genetic inactivation prevented BORG:TRIM28 complexes from: (i) inducing BCSC self-renewal and expansion in vitro, and (ii) eliciting BCSC metastatic outgrowth in the lungs of mice. Collectively, these findings implicate BORG:TRIM28 complexes as novel drivers of BCSC phenotypes in developing and progressing TNBCs. IMPLICATIONS: This work establishes the lncRNA BORG as a driver of BCSC phenotypes and the aggressive behaviors of TNBCs, events critically dependent upon the formation of BORG:TRIM28 complexes and expression of α6 integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex J Gooding
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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22
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Going beyond Polycomb: EZH2 functions in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:5788-5798. [PMID: 34349243 PMCID: PMC8487936 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is one of the three core subunits of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). It harbors histone methyltransferase activity (MTase) that specifically catalyze histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methylation on target gene promoters. As such, PRC2 are epigenetic silencers that play important roles in cellular identity and embryonic stem cell maintenance. In the past two decades, mounting evidence supports EZH2 mutations and/or over-expression in a wide array of hematological cancers and solid tumors, including prostate cancer. Further, EZH2 is among the most upregulated genes in neuroendocrine prostate cancers, which become abundant due to the clinical use of high-affinity androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. While numerous studies have reported epigenetic functions of EZH2 that inhibit tumor suppressor genes and promote tumorigenesis, discordance between EZH2 and H3K27 methylation has been reported. Further, enzymatic EZH2 inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in prostate cancer, warranting a more comprehensive understanding of EZH2 functions. Here we first review how canonical functions of EZH2 as a histone MTase are regulated and describe the various mechanisms of PRC2 recruitment to the chromatin. We further outline non-histone substrates of EZH2 and discuss post-translational modifications to EZH2 itself that may affect substrate preference. Lastly, we summarize non-canonical functions of EZH2, beyond its MTase activity and/or PRC2, as a transcriptional cofactor and discuss prospects of its therapeutic targeting in prostate cancer.
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23
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Roy M, Singh R. TRIMs: selective recruitment at different steps of the NF-κB pathway-determinant of activation or resolution of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6069-6086. [PMID: 34283248 PMCID: PMC11072854 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway is an essential component of innate and adaptive immune pathway, and it is tightly regulated by various post-translational modifications including ubiquitination. Oscillations in NF-κB activation and temporal gene expression are emerging as critical determinants of inflammatory response, however, the regulators of unique outcomes in different patho-physiological conditions are not well understood. Tripartite Motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) are RING domain-containing E3 ligases involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, metabolism, cell death, inflammation, and host defence. Emerging reports suggest that TRIMs are recruited at different steps of TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway and modulate via their E3 ligase activity. TRIMs show synergy and antagonism in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway and also regulate it in a feedback manner. TRIMs also regulate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediated inflammatory pathways and may have evolved to directly regulate a specific arm of immune signalling. The review emphasizes TRIM-mediated ubiquitination and modulation of TNF-α-regulated temporal and NF-κB signaling and its possible impact on unique transcriptional and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, MRB 731, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Zhao G, Liu C, Wen X, Luan G, Xie L, Guo X. The translational values of TRIM family in pan-cancers: From functions and mechanisms to clinics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107881. [PMID: 33930453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death across the world. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family, with E3 ubiquitin ligase activities in majority of its members, is reported to be involved in multiple cellular processes and signaling pathways. TRIM proteins have critical effects in the regulation of biological behaviors of cancer cells. Here, we discussed the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRIM proteins regulation of cancer cells. We also comprehensively reviewed published studies on TRIM family members as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the oncogenesis, development, and progression of a variety of types of human cancers. Finally, we highlighted that certain TRIM family members are potential molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Gan Luan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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The Association between TIF1 Family Members and Cancer Stemness in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071528. [PMID: 33810347 PMCID: PMC8061774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stem cell-associated molecular features of solid tumors, collectively known as cancer stemness, are of great importance in the development, progression, and reoccurrence of cancer. Transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation is significantly associated with cancer stemness. Here, we investigated the association between the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the potential value of TIF1 members in predicting a stem-like cancer phenotype. Our results indicate that only TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) high expression is consequently associated with a “stemness high” phenotype, regardless of the tumor type, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. The oncogenic signature of TRIM28HIGH tumors significantly reflects the enrichment of “stemness high” cancers with targets for c-Myc (MYC Proto-Oncogene). TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles are also robustly enriched with stemness markers. Our results demonstrate that the association between high TRIM28 expression and an enriched cancer stem cell-like phenotype is a common phenomenon across solid tumors. Abstract Cancer progression entails a gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype in parallel with the acquisition of stem cell-like features. Cancer de-differentiation and the acquisition of stemness features are mediated by the transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation of cancer cells. Here, using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and harnessing several bioinformatic tools, we characterized the association between Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) family members and cancer stemness in 27 distinct types of solid tumors. We aimed to define the prognostic value for TIF1 members in predicting a stem cell-like cancer phenotype and patient outcome. Our results demonstrate that high expression of only one member of the TIF1 family, namely TIF1β (also known as Tripartite Motif protein 28, TRIM28) is consequently associated with enriched cancer stemness across the tested solid tumor types, resulting in a worse prognosis for cancer patients. TRIM28 is highly expressed in higher grade tumors that exhibit stem cell-like traits. In contrast to other TIF1 members, only TIF1β/TRIM28-associated gene expression profiles were robustly enriched with stemness markers regardless of the tumor type. Our work demonstrates that TIF1 family members exhibit distinct expression patterns in stem cell-like tumors, despite their structural and functional similarity. Among other TIF1 members, only TRIM28 might serve as a marker of cancer stemness features.
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Zhang W, Cai Z, Kong M, Wu A, Hu Z, Wang F, Wang H. Prognostic significance of TRIM28 expression in patients with breast carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:472-480. [PMID: 33817325 PMCID: PMC8005782 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif 28 (TRIM28) plays a role in multiple biological functions. The expression and function of TRIM28 in breast carcinoma (BC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore potential association of TRIM28 with tumor features and survival. Materials and methods Specimens were collected from BC and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to detect TRIM28 expression. The correlation of TRIM28 with clinicopathological features was evaluated by Chi-square test. The relationship between TRIM28 expression and survival was further analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression method. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the value of TRIM28 in predicting BC. Results In this retrospective research, it was demonstrated that TRIM28 was overexpressed in BC tissues. TRIM28 overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor molecular subtype. The survival analysis showed that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly shorter in TRIM28-positive group. Moreover, TRIM28 was an independent prognostic factor for BC. And ROC analysis verified the diagnostic role of TRIM28 in BC. Conclusions TRIM28 is overexpressed in BC and might be a promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Zhengquan Cai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Mingzhu Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Anqi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Zeyang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
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Huang J, Gou H, Yao J, Yi K, Jin Z, Matsuoka M, Zhao T. The noncanonical role of EZH2 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1376-1382. [PMID: 33615636 PMCID: PMC8019201 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Dysregulation of EZH2 causes alteration of gene expression and functions, thereby promoting cancer development. The regulatory function of EZH2 varies across different tumor types. The canonical role of EZH2 is gene silencing through catalyzing the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) in a PRC2‐dependent manner. Accumulating evidence indicates that EZH2 has an H3K27me3‐independent function as a transcriptional coactivator and plays a critical role in cancer initiation, development, and progression. In this review, we summarize the regulation and function of EZH2 and focus on the current understanding of the noncanonical role of EZH2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongwei Gou
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jia Yao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Kaining Yi
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Müller A, Dickmanns A, Resch C, Schäkel K, Hailfinger S, Dobbelstein M, Schulze-Osthoff K, Kramer D. The CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5765-5781. [PMID: 32701505 DOI: 10.1172/jci134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a frequent, inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and a disease-related infiltration of immune cells. Here, we identified a novel proinflammatory signaling pathway driven by cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 and the methyltransferase EZH2 as a valid target for psoriasis therapy. Delineation of the pathway revealed that CDK4/6 phosphorylated EZH2 in keratinocytes, thereby triggering a methylation-induced activation of STAT3. Subsequently, active STAT3 resulted in the induction of IκBζ, which is a key proinflammatory transcription factor required for cytokine synthesis in psoriasis. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CDK4/6 or EZH2 abrogated psoriasis-related proinflammatory gene expression by suppressing IκBζ induction in keratinocytes. Importantly, topical application of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors on the skin was sufficient to fully prevent the development of psoriasis in various mouse models by suppressing STAT3-mediated IκBζ expression. Moreover, we found a hyperactivation of the CDK4/6-EZH2 pathway in human and mouse psoriatic skin lesions. Thus, this study not only identifies a novel psoriasis-relevant proinflammatory pathway, but also proposes the repurposing of CDK4/6 or EZH2 inhibitors as a new therapeutic option for patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antje Dickmanns
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Resch
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Noncanonical Functions of the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 in Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:774-783. [PMID: 33556366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that is critical for determining cell identity. An epigenetic writer, EZH2 has a well-defined role in transcriptional repression by depositing trimethyl marks on lysine 27 of histone H3. However, there is mounting evidence that histone methyltransferases like EZH2 exert histone methyltransferase-independent functions. The relevance of these functions to breast cancer progression and their regulatory mechanisms are only beginning to become understood. Here, we review the current understanding of EZH2 H3K27me3-independent, noncanonical, functions and their regulation in breast cancer.
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30
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No Easy Way Out for EZH2: Its Pleiotropic, Noncanonical Effects on Gene Regulation and Cellular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249501. [PMID: 33327550 PMCID: PMC7765048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes including organ development and homeostasis, epigenomic and transcriptomic regulation, gene repression and imprinting, and DNA damage repair. A widely known function of EZH2 is to serve as an enzymatic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and catalyze trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) for repressing target gene expression. However, an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that EZH2 has many "non-conventional" functions that go beyond H3K27 methylation as a Polycomb factor. First, EZH2 can methylate a number of nonhistone proteins, thereby regulating cellular processes in an H3K27me3-independent fashion. Furthermore, EZH2 relies on both methyltransferase-dependent and methyltransferase-independent mechanisms for modulating gene-expression programs and/or epigenomic patterns of cells. Importantly, independent of PRC2, EZH2 also forms physical interactions with a number of DNA-binding factors and transcriptional coactivators to context-dependently influence gene expression. The purpose of this review is to detail the complex, noncanonical roles of EZH2, which are generally less appreciated in gene and (epi)genome regulation. Because EZH2 deregulation is prevalent in human diseases such as cancer, there is increased dependency on its noncanonical function, which shall have important implications in developing more effective therapeutics.
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31
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Martin CJ, Moorehead RA. Polycomb repressor complex 2 function in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1085-1094. [PMID: 33491744 PMCID: PMC7549536 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are important contributors to the regulation of genes within the chromatin. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a multi‑subunit protein complex that is involved in silencing gene expression through the trimethylation of lysine 27 at histone 3 (H3K27me3). The dysregulation of this modification has been associated with tumorigenicity through the increased repression of tumour suppressor genes via condensing DNA to reduce access to the transcription start site (TSS) within tumor suppressor gene promoters. In the present review, the core proteins of PRC2, as well as key accessory proteins, will be described. In addition, mechanisms controlling the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to H3K27 will be outlined. Finally, literature identifying the role of PRC2 in breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis and migration, including the potential roles of long non‑coding RNAs and the miR‑200 family will be summarized as will the potential use of the PRC2 complex as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Roger A. Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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32
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Salerno D, Chiodo L, Alfano V, Floriot O, Cottone G, Paturel A, Pallocca M, Plissonnier ML, Jeddari S, Belloni L, Zeisel M, Levrero M, Guerrieri F. Hepatitis B protein HBx binds the DLEU2 lncRNA to sustain cccDNA and host cancer-related gene transcription. Gut 2020; 69:2016-2024. [PMID: 32114505 PMCID: PMC7569396 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The HBV HBx regulatory protein is required for transcription from the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome and affects the epigenetic control of both viral and host cellular chromatin. DESIGN We explored, in relevant cellular models of HBV replication, the functional consequences of HBx interaction with DLEU2, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expressed in the liver and increased in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the regulation of host target genes and the HBV cccDNA. RESULTS We show that HBx binds the promoter region, enhances the transcription and induces the accumulation of DLEU2 in infected hepatocytes. We found that nuclear DLEU2 directly binds HBx and the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic active subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) complex. Computational modelling and biochemical evidence suggest that HBx and EZH2 share two preferential binding sites in DLEU2 intron 1. HBx and DLEU2 co-recruitment on the cccDNA displaces EZH2 from the viral chromatin to boost transcription and viral replication. DLEU2-HBx association with target host promoters relieves EZH2 repression and leads to the transcriptional activation of a subset of EZH2/PRC2 target genes in HBV-infected cells and HBV-related HCCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the ability of HBx to bind RNA to impact on the epigenetic control of both viral cccDNA and host genes and provide a new key to understand the role of DLEU2 and EZH2 overexpression in HBV-related HCCs and HBx contribution to hepatocytes transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Salerno
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Chiodo
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alfano
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Oceane Floriot
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Grazia Cottone
- Department of Physics and Chemistry - Emilio Segre', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alexia Paturel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Safaa Jeddari
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirjam Zeisel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMISM), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052 / CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
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Czerwinska P, Jaworska AM, Wlodarczyk NA, Mackiewicz AA. Melanoma Stem Cell-Like Phenotype and Significant Suppression of Immune Response within a Tumor Are Regulated by TRIM28 Protein. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2998. [PMID: 33076560 PMCID: PMC7650661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28 emerged as a guard of the intrinsic "state of cell differentiation", facilitating self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells. Recent reports imply TRIM28 engagement in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, although the exact mechanism remains unresolved. TRIM28 high expression is associated with worse melanoma patient outcomes. Here, we investigated the association between TRIM28 level and melanoma stemness, and aligned it with the antitumor immune response to find the mechanism of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype acquisition. Based on the SKCM TCGA data, the TRIM28 expression profile, clinicopathological features, expression of correlated genes, and the level of stemness and immune scores were analyzed in patient samples. The biological function for differentially expressed genes was annotated with GSEA. Results were validated with additional datasets from R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and in vitro with a panel of seven melanoma cell lines. All statistical analyses were accomplished using GraphPad Prism 8. TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma patients are characterized by worse outcomes and significantly different gene expression profiles than the TRIM28NORM cohort. TRIM28 high level related to higher melanoma stemness as measured with several distinct scores and TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma cell lines possess the greater potential of melanosphere formation. Moreover, TRIM28HIGH melanoma tumors were significantly depleted with infiltrating immune cells, especially cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, TRIM28 emerged as a good predictor of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype. Our data indicate that TRIM28 might facilitate this phenotype by direct repression of interferon signaling. TRIM28 emerged as a direct link between stem cell-like phenotype and attenuated antitumor immune response in melanoma, although further studies are needed to evaluate the direct mechanism of TRIM28-mediated stem-like phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Jaworska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Jiao L, Shubbar M, Yang X, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wu Q, Chen Z, Rizo J, Liu X. A partially disordered region connects gene repression and activation functions of EZH2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16992-17002. [PMID: 32631994 PMCID: PMC7382310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914866117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which minimally requires two other subunits, EED and SUZ12, for enzymatic activity. EZH2 has been traditionally known to mediate histone H3K27 trimethylation, a hallmark of silent chromatin. Emerging evidence indicates that EZH2 also activates gene expression in cancer cells in a context distinct from canonical PRC2. The molecular mechanism underlying the functional conversion of EZH2 from a gene repressor to an activator is unclear. Here, we show that EZH2 harbors a hidden, partially disordered transactivation domain (TAD) capable of interacting with components of active transcription machinery, mimicking archetypal acidic activators. The EZH2 TAD comprises the SRM (Stimulation-Responsive Motif) and SANT1 (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR, and TFIIIB 1) regions that are normally involved in H3K27 methylation. The crystal structure of an EZH2-EED binary complex indicates that the EZH2 TAD mediates protein oligomerization in a noncanonical PRC2 context and is entirely sequestered. The EZH2 TAD can be unlocked by cancer-specific EZH2 phosphorylation events to undergo structural transitions that may enable subsequent transcriptional coactivator binding. The EZH2 TAD directly interacts with the transcriptional coactivator and histone acetyltransferase p300 and activates gene expression in a p300-dependent manner in cells. The corresponding TAD may also account for the gene activation function of EZH1, the paralog of EZH2. Distinct kinase signaling pathways that are known to abnormally convert EZH2 into a gene activator in cancer cells can now be understood in a common structural context of the EZH2 TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Jiao
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Murtada Shubbar
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xin Yang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Siming Chen
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Josep Rizo
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xin Liu
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Bacon CW, Challa A, Hyder U, Shukla A, Borkar AN, Bayo J, Liu J, Wu SY, Chiang CM, Kutateladze TG, D'Orso I. KAP1 Is a Chromatin Reader that Couples Steps of RNA Polymerase II Transcription to Sustain Oncogenic Programs. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1133-1151.e14. [PMID: 32402252 PMCID: PMC7305985 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) cycle, including pausing and pause release, maintains transcriptional homeostasis and organismal functions. Despite previous work to understand individual transcription steps, we reveal a mechanism that integrates RNA Pol II cycle transitions. Surprisingly, KAP1/TRIM28 uses a previously uncharacterized chromatin reader cassette to bind hypo-acetylated histone 4 tails at promoters, guaranteeing continuous progression of RNA Pol II entry to and exit from the pause state. Upon chromatin docking, KAP1 first associates with RNA Pol II and then recruits a pathway-specific transcription factor (SMAD2) in response to cognate ligands, enabling gene-selective CDK9-dependent pause release. This coupling mechanism is exploited by tumor cells to aberrantly sustain transcriptional programs commonly dysregulated in cancer patients. The discovery of a factor integrating transcription steps expands the functional repertoire by which chromatin readers operate and provides mechanistic understanding of transcription regulation, offering alternative therapeutic opportunities to target transcriptional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Bacon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Biological Chemistry Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Challa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Usman Hyder
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashutosh Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aditi N Borkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Juan Bayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires 1629, Argentina
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Iván D'Orso
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Kumar J, Kaur G, Ren R, Lu Y, Lin K, Li J, Huang Y, Patel A, Barton MC, Macfarlan T, Zhang X, Cheng X. KRAB domain of ZFP568 disrupts TRIM28-mediated abnormal interactions in cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa007. [PMID: 32743551 PMCID: PMC7380489 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of KRAB (Krüppel-associated box)-associated protein KAP1 [also known as TRIM28 (tripartite motif containing protein 28)] with DNA-binding KRAB zinc finger (KRAB-ZF) proteins silence many transposable elements during embryogenesis. However, in some cancers, TRIM28 is upregulated and interacts with different partners, many of which are transcription regulators such as EZH2 in MCF7 cells, to form abnormal repressive or activating complexes that lead to misregulation of genes. We ask whether a KRAB domain-the TRIM28 interaction domain present in native binding partners of TRIM28 that mediate repression of transposable elements-could be used as a tool molecule to disrupt aberrant TRIM28 complexes. Expression of KRAB domain containing fragments from a KRAB-ZF protein (ZFP568) in MCF7 cells, without the DNA-binding zinc fingers, inhibited TRIM28-EZH2 interactions and caused degradation of both TRIM28 and EZH2 proteins as well as other components of the EZH2-associated polycomb repressor 2 complex. In consequence, the product of EZH2 enzymatic activity, trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 level, was significantly reduced. The expression of a synthetic KRAB domain significantly inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells (MCF7) but has no effect on normal (immortalized) human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10a). Further, we found that TRIM28 is a positive regulator of TRIM24 protein levels, as observed previously in prostate cancer cells, and expression of the KRAB domain also lowered TRIM24 protein. Importantly, reduction of TRIM24 levels, by treatment with either the KRAB domain or a small-molecule degrader targeted to TRIM24, is accompanied by an elevated level of tumor suppressor p53. Taken together, this study reveals a novel mechanism for a TRIM28-associated protein stability network and establishes TRIM28 as a potential therapeutic target in cancers where TRIM28 is elevated. Finally, we discuss a potential mechanism of KRAB-ZF gene expression controlled by a regulatory feedback loop of TRIM28-KRAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Kumar
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ren Ren
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Todd Macfarlan
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liang J, Wang L, Wang C, Shen J, Su B, Marisetty AL, Fang D, Kassab C, Jeong KJ, Zhao W, Lu Y, Jain AK, Zhou Z, Liang H, Sun SC, Lu C, Xu ZX, Yu Q, Shao S, Chen X, Gao M, Claret FX, Ding Z, Chen J, Chen P, Barton MC, Peng G, Mills GB, Heimberger AB. Verteporfin Inhibits PD-L1 through Autophagy and the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 Signaling Axis, Exerting Antitumor Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:952-965. [PMID: 32265228 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key driver of tumor-mediated immune suppression, and targeting it with antibodies can induce therapeutic responses. Given the costs and associated toxicity of PD-L1 blockade, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed. Using reverse-phase protein arrays to assess drugs in use or likely to enter trials, we performed a candidate drug screen for inhibitors of PD-L1 expression and identified verteporfin as a possible small-molecule inhibitor. Verteporfin suppressed basal and IFN-induced PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo through Golgi-related autophagy and disruption of the STAT1-IRF1-TRIM28 signaling cascade, but did not affect the proinflammatory CIITA-MHC II cascade. Within the tumor microenvironment, verteporfin inhibited PD-L1 expression, which associated with enhanced T-lymphocyte infiltration. Inhibition of chromatin-associated enzyme PARP1 induced PD-L1 expression in high endothelial venules (HEV) in tumors and, when combined with verteporfin, enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Thus, verteporfin effectively targets PD-L1 through transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms, representing an alternative therapeutic strategy for targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Liang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lulu Wang
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Wang
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bojin Su
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anantha L Marisetty
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dexing Fang
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Zhao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiling Lu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Han Liang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Changming Lu
- The Institute of Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qinghua Yu
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Shao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - XiaoHua Chen
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Gao
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francois X Claret
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Genes and Development Graduate Program, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Peng
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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38
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Jancewicz I, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. BRM: the core ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex-a tumour suppressor or tumour-promoting factor? Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:68. [PMID: 31722744 PMCID: PMC6852734 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRM (BRAHMA) is a core, SWI2/SNF2-type ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex (CRC) involved in various important regulatory processes including development. Mutations in SMARCA2, a BRM-encoding gene as well as overexpression or epigenetic silencing were found in various human diseases including cancer. Missense mutations in SMARCA2 gene were recently connected with occurrence of Nicolaides-Baraitser genetics syndrome. By contrast, SMARCA2 duplication rather than mutations is characteristic for Coffin-Siris syndrome. It is believed that BRM usually acts as a tumour suppressor or a tumour susceptibility gene. However, other studies provided evidence that BRM function may differ depending on the cancer type and the disease stage, where BRM may play a role in the disease progression. The existence of alternative splicing forms of SMARCA2 gene, leading to appearance of truncated functional, loss of function or gain-of-function forms of BRM protein suggest a far more complicated mode of BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs actions. Therefore, the summary of recent knowledge regarding BRM alteration in various types of cancer and highlighting of differences and commonalities between BRM and BRG1, another SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, will lead to better understanding of SWI/SNF CRCs function in cancer development/progression. BRM has been recently proposed as an attractive target for various anticancer therapies including the use of small molecule inhibitors, synthetic lethality induction or proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). However, such attempts have some limitations and may lead to severe side effects given the homology of BRM ATPase domain to other ATPases, as well as due to the tissue-specific appearance of BRM- and BRG1-containing SWI/SNF CRC classes. Thus, a better insight into BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs function in human tissues and cancers is clearly required to provide a solid basis for establishment of new safe anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Tanaka S, Pfleger C, Lai JF, Roan F, Sun SC, Ziegler SF. KAP1 Regulates Regulatory T Cell Function and Proliferation in Both Foxp3-Dependent and -Independent Manners. Cell Rep 2019; 23:796-807. [PMID: 29669285 PMCID: PMC5947873 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are indispensable for the establishment of tolerance of self-antigens in animals. The transcriptional regulator Foxp3 is critical for Treg development and function, controlling the expression of genes important for Tregs through interactions with binding partners. We previously reported KAP1 as a binding partner of FOXP3 in human Tregs, but the mechanisms by which KAP1 affects Treg function were unclear. In this study, we analyzed mice with Treg-specific deletion of KAP1 and found that they develop spontaneous autoimmune disease. KAP1-deficient Tregs failed to induce Foxp3-regulated Treg signature genes. In addition, KAP1-deficient Tregs were less proliferative due to the decreased expression of Slc1a5, whose expression was KAP1 dependent but Foxp3 independent. This reduced expression of Slc1a5 resulted in reduced mTORC1 activation. Thus, our data suggest that KAP1 regulates Treg function in a Foxp3-dependent manner and also controls Treg proliferation in a Foxp3-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tanaka
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Christian Pfleger
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Jen-Feng Lai
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA
| | - Florence Roan
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2795, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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40
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Polycomb Assemblies Multitask to Regulate Transcription. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3020012. [PMID: 34968234 PMCID: PMC8594731 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb system is made of an evolutionary ancient group of proteins, present throughout plants and animals. Known initially from developmental studies with the fly Drosophila melanogaster, they were associated with stable sustainment of gene repression and maintenance of cell identity. Acting as multiprotein assemblies with an ability to modify chromatin, through chemical additions to histones and organization of topological domains, they have been involved subsequently in control of developmental transitions and in cell homeostasis. Recent work has unveiled an association of Polycomb components with transcriptionally active loci and the promotion of gene expression, in clear contrast with conventional recognition as repressors. Focusing on mammalian models, I review here advances concerning roles in transcriptional control. Among new findings highlighted is the regulation of their catalytic properties, recruiting to targets, and activities in chromatin organization and compartmentalization. The need for a more integrated approach to the study of the Polycomb system, given its fundamental complexity and its adaptation to cell context, is discussed.
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41
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Chan HL, Morey L. Emerging Roles for Polycomb-Group Proteins in Stem Cells and Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:688-700. [PMID: 31085088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb-group (PcG) complexes are multiprotein, evolutionarily conserved epigenetic machineries that regulate stem cell fate decisions and development, and are also implicated in cancer and other maladies. The PcG machinery can be divided into two major complexes: Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). Traditionally, PcG complexes have been associated with maintenance of gene repression mainly via histone-modifying activities. However, during the last years, increasing evidence indicates that the PcG complexes can also positively regulate gene transcription and modify non-histone substrates in multiple biological processes, cellular stages, and cancers. In this review, we will illustrate recent findings in PcG-mediated gene regulation, with special focus on the recently described non-classical functions of PcG complexes in stem cells and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lam Chan
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Building, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Utnes P, Løkke C, Flægstad T, Einvik C. Clinically Relevant Biomarker Discovery in High-Risk Recurrent Neuroblastoma. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119832910. [PMID: 30886518 PMCID: PMC6413431 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119832910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system.
High-risk neuroblastoma patients typically undergo an initial remission in
response to treatment, followed by recurrence of aggressive tumors that have
become refractory to further treatment. The need for biomarkers that can select
patients not responding well to therapy in an early phase is therefore needed.
In this study, we used next generation sequencing technology to determine the
expression profiles in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines established before and
after therapy. Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with
least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and leave-one-out
cross-validation, we identified a panel of 55 messenger RNAs and 17 long
non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which were significantly altered in the expression
between cell lines isolated from primary and recurrent tumors. From a
neuroblastoma patient cohort, we found 20 of the 55 protein-coding genes to be
differentially expressed in patients with unfavorable compared with favorable
outcome. We further found a twofold increase or decrease in hazard ratios in
these genes when comparing patients with unfavorable and favorable outcome. Gene
set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that these genes were involved in
proliferation, differentiation and regulated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins.
Of the 17 lncRNAs, 3 upregulated (NEAT1, SH3BP5-AS1, NORAD) and
3 downregulated lncRNAs (DUBR, MEG3, DHRS4-AS1) were also found
to be differentially expressed in favorable compared with unfavorable outcome.
Moreover, using expression profiles on both miRNAs and mRNAs in the same cohort
of cell lines, we found 13 downregulated and 18 upregulated experimentally
observed miRNA target genes targeted by miR-21, -424 and
-30e, -29b, -138, -494, -181a, -34a, -29b,
respectively. The advantage of analyzing biomarkers in a clinically relevant
neuroblastoma model system enables further studies on the effect of individual
genes upon gene perturbation. In summary, this study identified several genes,
which may aid in the prediction of response to therapy and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Utnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cecilie Løkke
- Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Flægstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christer Einvik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
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Zheng L, Guo Q, Xiang C, Liu S, Jiang Y, Gao L, Ni H, Wang T, Zhao Q, Liu H, Xing Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xi T. Transcriptional factor six2 promotes the competitive endogenous RNA network between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P responsible for maintaining the stemness of breast cancer cells. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 30832689 PMCID: PMC6399913 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of CYP4Z1 and the pseudogene CYP4Z2P has been shown to be specifically increased in breast cancer by our group and others. Additionally, we previously revealed the roles of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by these genes (ceRNET_CC) in breast cancer angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tamoxifen resistance. However, the roles of ceRNET_CC in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms through which ceRNET_CC is regulated remain unclear. Methods Transcriptional factor six2, CYP4Z1-3′UTR, and CYP4Z2P-3′UTR were stably overexpressed or knocked down in breast cancer cells via lentivirus infection. ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated and the transcriptome change mediated by ceRNET_CC. Clinical samples were used to validate the correlation between six2 and ceRNET_CC. Finally, the effects of the six2/ceRNET_CC axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results We revealed that ceRNET_CC promoted the stemness of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, six2 activated ceRNET_CC by directly binding to their promoters, thus activating the downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the six2/ceRNET_CC axis was involved in chemoresistance. Conclusions Our results uncover the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated, identify novel roles for the six2/ceRNET_CC axis in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells, and propose the possibility of targeting the six2/ceRNET_CC axis to inhibit breast cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0697-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuzhang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai An First People's Hospital, Huai An, 223300, China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tao Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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44
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Fernandez-Marrero Y, Bachmann D, Lauber E, Kaufmann T. Negative Regulation of BOK Expression by Recruitment of TRIM28 to Regulatory Elements in Its 3' Untranslated Region. iScience 2018; 9:461-474. [PMID: 30471638 PMCID: PMC6260365 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) is a pro-apoptotic BAX-like member of the BCL-2 family with suggested tumor suppressor activity. The molecular mechanisms regulating BOK expression are poorly understood and fail to explain a frequent lack of concordance between protein and transcript levels. Here, we describe a potent post-transcriptional mechanism that negatively regulates BOK expression mediated by conserved (AU/U)-rich elements within its 3’ UTR. Using proteomics approaches we identified TRIM28 as a key component associating with U-rich elements in the human BOK 3’ UTR, resulting in a dramatic reduction of BOK expression. TRIM28 is overexpressed in several cancers, correlating with poor patient outcome, whereas the BOK locus is frequently deleted or its expression downregulated in human cancers. Data mining indicated that, for certain cancers, high TRIM28 and low BOK expression are significantly correlated in the stratum of patients with the worst survival, suggesting that this mechanism might be of potential therapeutic value. BOK mRNA is destabilized by AU-(mouse) or U-rich (human) elements within its 3’ UTR Mutation of these ARE/URE sequences results in increased BOK RNA and protein levels TRIM28 represses BOK expression by associating with the UREs of human BOK mRNA Inverse correlation of TRIM28 and BOK levels predicts survival in selected cancers
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuniel Fernandez-Marrero
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lauber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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45
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Choi HJ, Lee HB, Park HK, Cho SM, Han HJ, Lee SJ, Lee JY, Nam SJ, Cho EH, Son WC. EZH2 Expression in Naturally Occurring Canine Tumors. Comp Med 2018; 68:148-155. [PMID: 29663940 PMCID: PMC5897971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) shows upregulated expression in tumors and is an important driver of tumor development and progression. However, the mechanism underlying the mediation of tumor aggressiveness by EZH2 remains unclear. We here investigated the levels of EZH2 in various normal and tumorous dog tissues and compared these patterns with those of the corresponding human tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive staining for EZH2 in 76 of 82 cases of canine tumors, whereas low or negligible staining occurred in normal tissues and other canine tumors, including hepatocellular adenoma and lipoma. In particular, canine lymphoma, melanoma, basal cell tumors, squamous cell carcinoma, and prostate cancer all show EZH2 overexpression, as do their human counterparts. Given the similarities of spontaneous canine tumors to human cancers, we believe that these canine tumors can be used as animal models in future research and clinical trials in the development of EZH2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Choi
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Byul Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu Park
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Cho
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Han
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Nam
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Cho
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, and Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,
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46
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Gooding AJ, Zhang B, Jahanbani FK, Gilmore HL, Chang JC, Valadkhan S, Schiemann WP. The lncRNA BORG Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis and Disease Recurrence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12698. [PMID: 28983112 PMCID: PMC5629202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of breast cancer development and progression, including the metastatic spread of disease. Through in silico and biological analyses, we identified a novel lncRNA, BMP/OP-Responsive Gene (BORG), whose expression directly correlates with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, as well as with metastatic competence and disease recurrence in multiple clinical cohorts. Mechanistically, BORG elicits the metastatic outgrowth of latent breast cancer cells by promoting the localization and transcriptional repressive activity of TRIM28, which binds BORG and induces substantial alterations in carcinoma proliferation and survival. Moreover, inhibiting BORG expression in metastatic breast cancer cells impedes their metastatic colonization of the lungs of mice, implying that BORG acts as a novel driver of the genetic and epigenetic alterations that underlie the acquisition of metastatic and recurrent phenotypes by breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Gooding
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Fereshteh Kenari Jahanbani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hannah L Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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47
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Wiznerowicz M. The complexity of TRIM28 contribution to cancer. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:63. [PMID: 28851455 PMCID: PMC5574234 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first discovery in 1996, the engagement of TRIM28 in distinct aspects of cellular biology has been extensively studied resulting in identification of a complex nature of TRIM28 protein. In this review, we summarize core biological functions of TRIM28 that emerge from TRIM28 multi-domain structure and possessed enzymatic activities. Moreover, we will discuss whether the complexity of TRIM28 engagement in cancer biology makes TRIM28 a possible candidate for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Briefly, we will demonstrate the role of TRIM28 in regulation of target gene transcription, response to DNA damage, downregulation of p53 activity, stimulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness sustainability, induction of autophagy and regulation of retrotransposition, to provide the answer whether TRIM28 functions as a stimulator or inhibitor of tumorigenesis. To date, number of studies demonstrate significant upregulation of TRIM28 expression in cancer tissues which correlates with worse overall patient survival, suggesting that TRIM28 supports cancer progression. Here, we present distinct aspects of TRIM28 involvement in regulation of cancer cell homeostasis which collectively imply pro-tumorigenic character of TRIM28. Thorough analyses are further needed to verify whether TRIM28 possess the potential to become a new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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