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Sadaf H, Ambroziak M, Binkowski R, Kluebsoongnoen J, Paszkiewicz-Kozik E, Steciuk J, Markowicz S, Walewski J, Sarnowska E, Sarnowski TJ, Konopinski R. New molecular targets in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155468. [PMID: 37266436 PMCID: PMC10230546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries shed light on molecular mechanisms responsible for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) development and progression, along with features of Hodgkin - Reed and Sternberg cells (HRS). Here, we summarize current knowledge on characteristic molecular alterations in HL, as well as existing targeted therapies and potential novel treatments for this disease. We discuss the importance of cluster of differentiation molecule 30 (CD30) and the programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1) and ligands (PD-L1/2), and other molecules involved in immune modulation in HL. We highlight emerging evidence indicating that the altered function of SWI/SNF-type chromatin remodeling complexes, PRC2, and other epigenetic modifiers, contribute to variations in chromatin status, which are typical for HL. We postulate that despite of the existence of plentiful molecular data, the understanding of HL development remains incomplete. We therefore propose research directions involving analysis of reverse signaling in the PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetics-related alterations, in order to identify HL features at the molecular level. Such attempts may lead to the identification of new molecular targets, and thus will likely substantially contribute to the future development of more effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hummaira Sadaf
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Womens’ University, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Maciej Ambroziak
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Binkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Steciuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Markowicz
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ryszard Konopinski
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Sarnowska E, Kubala S, Cwiek P, Sacharowski S, Oksinska P, Steciuk J, Zaborowska M, Szurmak JM, Dubianski R, Maassen A, Stachowiak M, Huettel B, Ciesla M, Nowicka K, Rolicka AT, Alseekh S, Bucior E, Franzen R, Skoneczna A, Domagalska MA, Amar S, Hajirezaei MR, Siedlecki JA, Fernie AR, Davis SJ, Sarnowski TJ. A non-canonical function of Arabidopsis ERECTA proteins and a role of the SWI3B subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in gibberellin signaling. Plant J 2023. [PMID: 37114596 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis ERECTA family (ERf) of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) comprising ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1), and ERECTA-LIKE 2 (ERL2) controls epidermal patterning, inflorescence architecture, and stomata development and patterning. These proteins are reported to be plasma membrane associated. Here we show that the er/erl1/erl2 mutant exhibits impaired gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and perception alongside broad transcriptional changes. The ERf kinase domains were found to localize to the nucleus where they interact with the SWI3B subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (CRCs). The er/erl1/erl2 mutant exhibits reduced SWI3B protein level and affected nucleosomal chromatin structure. Similar to swi3c and brm plants with inactivated subunits of SWI/SNF CRCs, it also does not accumulate DELLA RGA and GAI proteins. The ER kinase phosphorylates SWI3B in vitro, and the inactivation of all ERf proteins leads to the decreased phosphorylation of SWI3B protein in vivo. The identified correlation between DELLA overaccumulation and SWI3B proteasomal degradation, and the physical interaction of SWI3B with DELLA proteins indicate an important role of SWI3B-containing SWI/SNF CRCs in gibberellin signaling. Co-localization of ER and SWI3B on GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1) DELLA target gene promoter regions and abolished SWI3B binding to GID1 promoters in er/erl1/erl2 plants supports the conclusion that ERf-SWI/SNF CRC interaction is important for transcriptional control of GA receptors. Thus, the involvement of ERf proteins in the transcriptional control of gene expression, and observed similar features for human HER2 (epidermal growth family receptor member), indicate an exciting target for further studies of evolutionarily conserved non-canonical functions of eukaryotic membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Cwiek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Sacharowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Oksinska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Steciuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaborowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub M Szurmak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Dubianski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maassen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stachowiak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, D-50820, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Ciesla
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Nowicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna T Rolicka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ernest Bucior
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rainer Franzen
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Samija Amar
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturplfanzenforschung Corrensstraße 3 D-06466 Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Seth J Davis
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 13, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, Warsaw, Poland
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829, Cologne, Germany
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Szarkowska J, Cwiek P, Szymanski M, Rusetska N, Jancewicz I, Stachowiak M, Swiatek M, Luba M, Konopinski R, Kubala S, Zub R, Kucharz J, Wiechno P, Siedlecki JA, Markowicz S, Sarnowska E, Sarnowski TJ. RRM2 gene expression depends on BAF180 subunit of SWISNF chromatin remodeling complex and correlates with abundance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in ccRCC. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5965-5978. [PMID: 35018236 PMCID: PMC8727810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
About 40% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases carry the pbrm1 mutation inactivating BAF180 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (CRC). Here we show that the majority of transcriptomic changes appear at the stage I of ccRCC development. By contrast, the stage II ccRCC exhibits hyperactivation of DNA replication demonstrated by the overexpression of several genes, e.g., RRM1 and RRM2 genes encoding subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex. We found that the degree of RRM1 and RRM2 upregulation in ccRCC patients depends on pbrm1 mutation. We show that the BAF180 protein product of the PBRM1 gene directly binds to RRM1 and RRM2 loci. The BAF180 binding regions are targeted by regulatory proteins previously reported as SWI/SNF CRC interacting partners. BAF180 binding to RRMs loci correlates with enrichment of H3K27me3 in case of RRM1 and H3K14Ac on RRM2, indicating the existence of differential regulatory mechanism controlling expression of these genes. We found that the strong overexpression of RRM2 in ccRCC patient samples correlates with T cell infiltration. Surprisingly, the majority of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) consisted of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that exhausted CD4+ T cells induced the expression of the RRM2 gene in the primary ccRCC cell line. Collectively, our results provide the link between PBRM1 loss, RRM2 expression and T cell infiltration, which may lead to the establishment of new treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szarkowska
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Cwiek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stachowiak
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Swiatek
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Luba
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Konopinski
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Zub
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kucharz
- Department of Uro-oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Wiechno
- Department of Uro-oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Markowicz
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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4
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Kowalik K, Waniewska-Leczycka M, Sarnowska E, Rusetska N, Ligaj M, Chrzan A, Popko M. The SWI/SNF complex in eosinophilic and non eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:159-167. [PMID: 34028461 PMCID: PMC8142725 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be classified as eosinophilic (eCRS) or non-eosinophilic (neCRS) based on infiltration type. The SWI/SNF complex may be involved in the pathophysiology of CRS. Aim To assess the expression of the SWI/SNF complex in both CRS groups; to correlate blood eosinophil count (BEC), and histopathology eosinophil count (HPEC) with the SWI/SNF expression level in eCRS and neCRS. Materials and methods The study population consisted of 96 patients (68 eCRS, 28 neCRS). Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sinonasal mucosa for assessment of SWI/SNF protein expression. Type of tissue infiltration was assessed in samples obtained from examined groups (HPEC). The diagnostic value of eCRS was 10 cells/HPF (high power field). Complete blood count was analysed in order to calculate BEC. Results BEC and HPEC correlated negatively with all the SWI/SNF subunits. HPEC and BEC correlated positively with clinical findings (L-M and SNOT-22), while SWI/SNF correlated negatively with clinical findings (L-M and SNOT-22). Conclusions The SWI/SNF was observed in both eCRS and neCRS, with lower expression in former. The meaning of its negative correlation with BEC, HPEC and clinical findings in eCRS group remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kowalik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Waniewska-Leczycka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ligaj
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzan
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Popko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Szymanski M, Rusetska N, Jancewicz I, Armatowska A, Ligaj M, Chrzan A, Hincza K, Kowalik A, Mika P, Kisiel M, Zolnierek J, Kosior J, Demkow T, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cancer Featuring Fructose-1,6-Biphosphatase Loss, Pyruvate Kinase M2 Overexpression, and SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex Aberrations: A Rare Case Report. Oncologist 2021; 26:e1652-e1655. [PMID: 34003534 PMCID: PMC8417867 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)‐deficient renal cancer is a rare renal cancer subtype recently accepted by the World Health Organization as a unique subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we report a case of 17‐year‐old man. The detailed evaluation indicated occurrence of the SDHB‐deficient RCC. The genetic testing revealed no germline mutation in SDH genes. Immunohistochemistry showed SDHB deficiency, overexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 and dramatic downregulation of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase metabolic enzymes, and unaltered levels of phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. Strong upregulation of INI1 and BRG1 and overexpression of BAF180, subunits of SWI/SNF ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling complex, were also found. The identified tumor pathologically did not resemble clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but some metabolic alterations are common for both cancer types. Thus, we postulate that the phenotypical differences between ccRCC and SDHB‐deficient RCC may be related to distinct molecular and metabolic alterations. SDH‐deficient renal cell cancer is a rare renal tumor that can occur at a young age. This brief communication describes the case of a 17‐year‐old man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szymanski
- Department of Uro-oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Armatowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ligaj
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzan
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Hincza
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland.,Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Pawel Mika
- Regional Hospital in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Maciej Kisiel
- Regional Hospital in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Jakub Zolnierek
- Department of Uro-oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.,Regional Hospital in Biala Podlaska, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosior
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Demkow
- Department of Uro-oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Gruca A, Ziemska-Legiecka J, Jarnot P, Sarnowska E, Sarnowski TJ, Grynberg M. Common low complexity regions for SARS-CoV-2 and human proteomes as potential multidirectional risk factor in vaccine development. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:182. [PMID: 33832440 PMCID: PMC8027979 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the COVID-19 demands immediate response from the scientific communities. Appropriate countermeasures mean thoughtful and educated choice of viral targets (epitopes). There are several articles that discuss such choices in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, other focus on phylogenetic traits and history of the Coronaviridae genome/proteome. However none consider viral protein low complexity regions (LCRs). Recently we created the first methods that are able to compare such fragments. RESULTS We show that five low complexity regions (LCRs) in three proteins (nsp3, S and N) encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 genome are highly similar to regions from human proteome. As many as 21 predicted T-cell epitopes and 27 predicted B-cell epitopes overlap with the five SARS-CoV-2 LCRs similar to human proteins. Interestingly, replication proteins encoded in the central part of viral RNA are devoid of LCRs. CONCLUSIONS Similarity of SARS-CoV-2 LCRs to human proteins may have implications on the ability of the virus to counteract immune defenses. The vaccine targeted LCRs may potentially be ineffective or alternatively lead to autoimmune diseases development. These findings are crucial to the process of selection of new epitopes for drugs or vaccines which should omit such regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gruca
- Department of Computer Networks and Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Patryk Jarnot
- Department of Computer Networks and Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Grynberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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7
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Stachowiak M, Szymanski M, Ornoch A, Jancewicz I, Rusetska N, Chrzan A, Demkow T, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and glucose metabolism are deregulated in advanced bladder cancer. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1175-1188. [PMID: 32073734 PMCID: PMC7317882 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a frequently diagnosed malignancy affecting predominantly adult and elderly populations. It is expected that due to the longer life time, BC will become even more frequent in the future; thus in consequence, it will represent serious health problem of older society part. The treatment of advanced BC is mostly ineffective due to its very aggressive behavior. So far, no effective targeted therapy is used for BC treatment. Here, we found that BC is characterized by lower protein levels of BRM, INI1, and BAF155 main subunits of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (CRC) which is involved in global control of gene expression and influences various important cellular processes like: cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA repair, etc. Moreover, the expression of SMARCA2, a BRM encoding gene, strongly correlated with BC metastasis and expression of such metabolic genes as PKM2 and PRKAA1. Furthermore, the analysis of T24 and 5637 commonly used BC cell lines revealed different expression levels of metabolic genes including FBP1 gene encoding Frutose-1,6-Bisphosphatase, an enzyme controlling glycolysis flux and gluconeogenesis. The tested BC cell lines exhibited various molecular and metabolic alterations as well as differential glucose uptake, growth rate, and migration potential. We have shown that BRM subunit is involved in the transcriptional control of genes encoding metabolic enzymes. Moreover, we found that the FBP1 expression level and the SWI/SNF CRCs may serve as markers of molecular subtypes of BC. Collectively, this study may provide a new knowledge about the molecular and metabolic BC subtypes which likely will be of high importance for the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Stachowiak
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of Uro‐oncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Anna Ornoch
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Alicja Chrzan
- Department of PathologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Demkow
- Department of Uro‐oncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Janusz A. Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz J. Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational OncologyMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
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8
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Jagielska B, Ozdowska P, Gepner K, Kubala S, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. Cardiotoxicity danger in immunotherapy. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1160-1167. [PMID: 32359132 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is currently broadly used in the treatment of different types of cancer. The treatment targeting programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 axis is already approved by Food and Drug Administration for numerous cancers. These kinds of therapy brought spectacular results in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer where systemic therapy was ineffective. However, a wide range of applied therapies based on ICIs in the clinic have led to unexpected side effects, such as severe cardiotoxicity. It needs to be underlined that the molecular mechanism of myocarditis in response to ICIs is still not fully understood. Lack of sufficient knowledge, especially concerning the kind of risk factors increasing probability of myocarditis, poses currently a large clinical problem. Continuous cardiac monitoring of patients who undergo ICI treatment presents another problem as it is cost-ineffective for the healthcare system. Herein, we highlight the risks of use of anticancer therapy based on ICIs. We also stress that detailed monitoring of any event of cardiotoxicity following ICIs treatment should be carefully investigated and registered to give a global overview of the frequency of myocarditis occurrence. Moreover, we propose that the extension of molecular and systemic knowledge of etiology of myocarditis as a side effect, including the role of protein kinases, will be highly beneficial for the medical field. Last but not least, better understanding of mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induction will improve the safety of cancer patients and will help clinicians in prediction of unexpected side effect occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jagielska
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ozdowska
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gepner
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Swiatek M, Jancewicz I, Kluebsoongnoen J, Zub R, Maassen A, Kubala S, Udomkit A, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. Various forms of HIF-1α protein characterize the clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell lines. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1220-1232. [PMID: 32250548 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents around 2-3% of all malignancies diagnosed in adult patients. Most frequent (around 70-80% cases) and the most aggressive subtype is clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Mutations in VHL (von Hippel Lindau) gene, characteristic for this cancer type, lead to altered activity of the trimeric VBC (pVHL-elongin B-C) complex and consequently to HIF-1α stabilization. In this study, we present results of exhaustive investigation of HIF-1α alternative transcript variants abundance in A498, CAKI-1, and 786-O ccRCC cell lines. We proved the existence of truncated HIF-1α protein form (HIF1A∆-6) in A498 and HIF1A gene rearrangements in 786-O cell lines. Subsequently, we found that HIF1A∆2-6 was more stable than the full-length HIF-1α. Moreover, the shorter HIF-1α was insensitive for hypoxia and was overaccumulated after proteasome inhibitor treatment indicative of potential diversified roles of full-length and truncated HIF-1α forms in the cell. We also showed that A498, CAKI-1, and 786-O exhibit differential expression of various regulatory genes involved in the control of metabolic processes, that is, glucose and lipid metabolism, and encoding subunits of such machineries like SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Furthermore, these cell lines exhibited differential responses to axitinib, everolimus, and sunitinib-anticancer drugs-in normoxia and hypoxia as well as various alterations in metabolism-related regulatory processes. Finally, we have shown that overexpression of truncated HIF1A∆2-6 form may affect the protein level of endogenous full-length HIF-1α protein. Thus, our study proves an important role of HIF-1α in the ccRCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Swiatek
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Zub
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maassen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apinunt Udomkit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Jancewicz I, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E. BRM: the core ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex-a tumour suppressor or tumour-promoting factor? Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:68. [PMID: 31722744 PMCID: PMC6852734 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRM (BRAHMA) is a core, SWI2/SNF2-type ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex (CRC) involved in various important regulatory processes including development. Mutations in SMARCA2, a BRM-encoding gene as well as overexpression or epigenetic silencing were found in various human diseases including cancer. Missense mutations in SMARCA2 gene were recently connected with occurrence of Nicolaides-Baraitser genetics syndrome. By contrast, SMARCA2 duplication rather than mutations is characteristic for Coffin-Siris syndrome. It is believed that BRM usually acts as a tumour suppressor or a tumour susceptibility gene. However, other studies provided evidence that BRM function may differ depending on the cancer type and the disease stage, where BRM may play a role in the disease progression. The existence of alternative splicing forms of SMARCA2 gene, leading to appearance of truncated functional, loss of function or gain-of-function forms of BRM protein suggest a far more complicated mode of BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs actions. Therefore, the summary of recent knowledge regarding BRM alteration in various types of cancer and highlighting of differences and commonalities between BRM and BRG1, another SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, will lead to better understanding of SWI/SNF CRCs function in cancer development/progression. BRM has been recently proposed as an attractive target for various anticancer therapies including the use of small molecule inhibitors, synthetic lethality induction or proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). However, such attempts have some limitations and may lead to severe side effects given the homology of BRM ATPase domain to other ATPases, as well as due to the tissue-specific appearance of BRM- and BRG1-containing SWI/SNF CRC classes. Thus, a better insight into BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs function in human tissues and cancers is clearly required to provide a solid basis for establishment of new safe anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center in Warsaw, Wawelska 15B, 02-034, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Tomaszewska M, Sarnowska E, Rusetska N, Kowalik K, Sierdzinski J, Siedlecki JA, Badmaev V, Stohs SJ, Popko M. Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:108-118. [PMID: 30388935 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1503102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease that represents a challenging therapeutic problem. Vitamin D and its receptors (VDR) are involved in the regulation of the immune system and may play role in CRS. Objectives of this study were to assess the relationships between the total concentration of vitamin D (25VD3) in sera, vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, 1α-hydroxylase expression, and clinical data, including age, gender, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), computerized tomography (CT) scan, allergy status, and vitamin D supplementation in CRS patients with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and in a control group. METHODS The studied group comprised 52 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (sNP), 55 with CRS with nasal polyps (wNP), and 59 in the control group. The endpoints were determined by appropriate methods. We conducted immunohistochemical staining of gathered tissue from the ostiomeatal complex for determination of VDR and 1α-hydroxylase. Analytical results were compared with clinical data as already noted. RESULTS A decrease in VDR nuclear staining occurred in CRS patients as compared to controls. Insignificant differences were observed in 1α-hydroxylase, expression in all studied groups, while VDR and cytochrome CYP27B1 protein expression (1α-hydroxylase) correlated with clinical data. CONCLUSIONS The data provide evidence that indicates that vitamin D and its receptor and enzymes may play a role in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Tomaszewska
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw , Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie-Institute Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie-Institute Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalik
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Sierdzinski
- c Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- b Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie-Institute Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Vladimir Badmaev
- d American Medical Holdings Inc , Staten Island , New York , USA
| | - Sidney J Stohs
- e School of Pharmacy and Health Professions , Creighton University , Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Mariola Popko
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw , Poland
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12
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Jagielska B, Sarnowska E, Rusetska N, Jancewicz I, Durzynska M, Kubala S, Chmielik E, Paul P, Rutkowski T, Sarnowski TJ, Siedlecki JA. Advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is featured by SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex aberrations. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:201-211. [PMID: 30382367 PMCID: PMC6326013 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neurotropic cancer with slow progression occurring in salivary glands and less frequently in other body parts. ACC is featured by hyperchromatic nuclei and various mutations in genes encoding chromatin-related machineries. The ACC treatment is mainly limited to the radical surgery and radiotherapy while the chemotherapy remains ineffective. As the knowledge about molecular basis of ACC development is limited, we investigated here the molecular features of this disease. Patients and methods This study included 50 patients with ACC. Transcript profiling of available ACC samples vs normal salivary gland tissue, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) transcript level measurements and the immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (CRC) subunits and androgen receptor on surgery-derived paraffin-embedded samples were performed. Results Transcriptomic study followed by Gene Ontology classification indicated alteration of chromatin-related processes, including downregulated transcript levels of main SWI/SNF CRC subunits and elevated expression of BRM ATPase-coding SMARCA2 gene in ACC. Subsequent IHC indicated broad accumulation of BRM ATPase and several SWI/SNF subunits, suggesting affected control of their protein level in ACC. The IHC revealed ectopic, heterogeneous expression of androgen receptor (AR) in some ACC cells. Conclusions Our study indicated that ACC features aberrant expression of genes controlling chromatin status and structure. We found that the balance between SWI/SNF classes is moved towards the BRM ATPase-containing complex in ACC. As BRM is known to be involved in chemoresistance in cancer cells, this observation may be the likely explanation for ACC chemoresistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-018-2783-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jagielska
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nataliia Rusetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Durzynska
- Department of Pathology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Kubala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Chmielik
- Department of Pathology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Paul
- Department of Pathology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- Inpatient Department of Radiation and Clinical Oncology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Dubianski R, Sarnowska E, Leszczynski M, Kubala S, Olszewski W, Rusetska N, Jagiello-Gruszfeld A, Konopinski R, Sarnowski T, Siedlecki J, Nowecki Z. HER2-positive breast cancer resistance to trastuzumab is associated with metabolic switch. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy268.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Sarnowska E, Szymanski M, Rusetska N, Ligaj M, Jancewicz I, Cwiek P, Skrodzka M, Leszczynski M, Szarkowska J, Chrzan A, Stachowiak M, Steciuk J, Maassen A, Galek L, Demkow T, Siedlecki JA, Sarnowski TJ. Evaluation of the role of downregulation of SNF5/INI1 core subunit of SWI/SNF complex in clear cell renal cell carcinoma development. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2275-2289. [PMID: 29218250 PMCID: PMC5714755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1), and mutations in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Additionally, in about 40% of ccRCC cases the mutation in PBRM1 (POLYBROMO1) gene coding for a non-core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex was found suggesting potential impairment of this complex function in ccRCC. In this study we assessed the extent to which the core SWI/SNF complex subunit - INI1 (hSNF5/SMARCB1) is affected in ccRCC and whether it has any consequences on the development of this type of cancer. The evaluation of INI1 protein level in samples from 50 patients with diagnosed ccRCC, including three displaying rhabdoid features, showed the INI1 positive staining in rhabdoid cells while the conventional ccRCC cells exhibited reduced INI1 level. This indicated the rhabdoid component of ccRCC as distinct from other known rhabdoid tumors. The reduced INI1 protein level observed in all conventional ccRCC cases used in this study correlated with decreased SMARCB1 gene expression at the transcript level. Consistently, the overexpression of INI1 protein in A498 ccRCC cell line resulted in the elevation of endogenous SMARCB1 transcript level indicating that the INI1-dependent regulatory feedback loop controlling expression of this gene is affected in ccRCC Moreover, the set of INI1 target genes including i.e. CXCL12/CXCR7/CXCR4 chemokine axis was identified to be affected in ccRCC. In summary, we demonstrated that the inactivation of INI1 may be of high importance for ccRCC development and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Sarnowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of Uro-oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Nataliia Rusetska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ligaj
- Department of Pathology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Jancewicz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Cwiek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Skrodzka
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Ministry of InteriorBialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Leszczynski
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szarkowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzan
- Department of Pathology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Stachowiak
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Steciuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maassen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Lech Galek
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Ministry of InteriorBialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Demkow
- Department of Uro-oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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Szymanski M, Sarnowska E, Ornoch A, Rusetska N, Abramowicz S, Chrzan A, Ligaj M, Maassen A, Siedlecki J, Sarnowski T. Loss of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex is linked to advanced urinary bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx391.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Sarnowska E, Rusetska N, Szymanski M, Jancewicz I, Chmielarczyk M, Konopinski R, Leszczynski M, Chrzan A, Ligaj M, Maassen A, Sarnowski T, Siedlecki J. Downregulation of BRCA1 protein in clear cell renal cellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx391.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Sarnowska E, Gratkowska DM, Sacharowski SP, Cwiek P, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Siedlecki JA, Koncz C, Sarnowski TJ. The Role of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Hormone Crosstalk. Trends Plant Sci 2016; 21:594-608. [PMID: 26920655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SWI/SNF-type ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) are evolutionarily conserved multiprotein machineries controlling DNA accessibility by regulating chromatin structure. We summarize here recent advances highlighting the role of SWI/SNF in the regulation of hormone signaling pathways and their crosstalk in Arabidopsis thaliana. We discuss the functional interdependences of SWI/SNF complexes and key elements regulating developmental and hormone signaling pathways by indicating intriguing similarities and differences in plants and humans, and summarize proposed mechanisms of SWI/SNF action on target loci. We postulate that, given their viability, several plant SWI/SNF mutants may serve as an attractive model for searching for conserved functions of SWI/SNF CRCs in hormone signaling, cell cycle control, and other regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pawel Cwiek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Csaba Koncz
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy, Temesvári Körút 62, 6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomasz J Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Archacki R, Buszewicz D, Sarnowski TJ, Sarnowska E, Rolicka AT, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Jikumaru Y, Kotlinski M, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Kalisiak K, Patryn J, Halibart-Puzio J, Kamiya Y, Davis SJ, Koblowska MK, Jerzmanowski A. BRAHMA ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex acts as a positive regulator of gibberellin-mediated responses in arabidopsis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58588. [PMID: 23536800 PMCID: PMC3594165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes perform a pivotal function in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants in major SWI/SNF subunits display embryo-lethal or dwarf phenotypes, indicating their critical role in molecular pathways controlling development and growth. As gibberellins (GA) are major positive regulators of plant growth, we wanted to establish whether there is a link between SWI/SNF and GA signaling in Arabidopsis. This study revealed that in brm-1 plants, depleted in SWI/SNF BRAHMA (BRM) ATPase, a number of GA-related phenotypic traits are GA-sensitive and that the loss of BRM results in markedly decreased level of endogenous bioactive GA. Transcriptional profiling of brm-1 and the GA biosynthesis mutant ga1-3, as well as the ga1-3/brm-1 double mutant demonstrated that BRM affects the expression of a large set of GA-responsive genes including genes responsible for GA biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, we found that BRM acts as an activator and directly associates with promoters of GA3ox1, a GA biosynthetic gene, and SCL3, implicated in positive regulation of the GA pathway. Many GA-responsive gene expression alterations in the brm-1 mutant are likely due to depleted levels of active GAs. However, the analysis of genetic interactions between BRM and the DELLA GA pathway repressors, revealed that BRM also acts on GA-responsive genes independently of its effect on GA level. Given the central position occupied by SWI/SNF complexes within regulatory networks controlling fundamental biological processes, the identification of diverse functional intersections of BRM with GA-dependent processes in this study suggests a role for SWI/SNF in facilitating crosstalk between GA-mediated regulation and other cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Archacki
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Buszewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Sarnowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna T. Rolicka
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maciej Kotlinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalisiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Patryn
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Halibart-Puzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seth J. Davis
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marta K. Koblowska
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jerzmanowski
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Domagalska MA, Sarnowska E, Nagy F, Davis SJ. Genetic analyses of interactions among gibberellin, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14012. [PMID: 21103336 PMCID: PMC2984439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic interactions between phytohormones in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana have not been extensively studied. Three phytohormones have been individually connected to the floral-timing program. The inductive function of gibberellins (GAs) is the most documented. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to delay flowering. Finally, the promotive role of brassinosteroids (BRs) has been established. It has been reported that for many physiological processes, hormone pathways interact to ensure an appropriate biological response. Methodology We tested possible genetic interactions between GA-, ABA-, and BR-dependent pathways in the control of the transition to flowering. For this, single and double mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of GAs, ABA, and BRs were used to assess the effect of hormone deficiency on the timing of floral transition. Also, plants that over-express genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes in each biosynthetic pathway were generated and the flowering time of these lines was investigated. Conclusions Loss-of-function studies revealed a complex relationship between GAs and ABA, and between ABA and BRs, and suggested a cross-regulatory relation between GAs to BRs. Gain-of-function studies revealed that GAs were clearly limiting in their sufficiency of action, whereas increases in BRs and ABA led to a more modest phenotypic effect on floral timing. We conclude from our genetic tests that the effects of GA, ABA, and BR on timing of floral induction are only in partially coordinated action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Science, Szeged, Hungary
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Seth J. Davis
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Szwarc M, Sarnowska E, Grzybowska EA. [HAX-1 protein: multifunctional factor involved in apoptosis, cell migration, endocytosis and mRNA transport]. Postepy Biochem 2007; 53:218-227. [PMID: 18399350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
HAX-1 protein, an anti-apoptotic factor, first identified in 1997, is also involved in cell migration, endocytosis and probably mRNA transport. HAX-1 structure indicates similarity to the proteins form Bcl-2 family, although there is no strong homology. HAX-1 is a substrate for Omi/HtrA2, a protease responsible for degradation of the caspases, and functions as an inhibitor of caspase-9, which points to its role in the regulation of apoptosis. Several HAX-1 interactions with proteins involved in apoptosis and cell motility were demonstrated. Another line of inquiry focus on its ability to bind 3' untranslated regions of the certain mRNAs. Some data indicate that it might be involved in mRNA transport. HAX-1 multifunctionality and its involvement in the processes important for the cell status suggest its possible role in oncogenesis and metastasis. It is also known that HAX-1 deficiency or overexpression leads to hereditary or systemic diseases (Kostmann disease, lesional psoriasis, systemic sclerosis). Therefore, detailed analysis of HAX-1 functions could be medically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szwarc
- Zakłdad Biologii Molekularnej, Centrum Onkologii--Instytut, Warszawa
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Grzybowska EA, Sarnowska E, Konopiński R, Wilczyńska A, Sarnowski TJ, Siedlecki JA. Identification and expression analysis of alternative splice variants of the rat Hax-1 gene. Gene 2006; 371:84-92. [PMID: 16516414 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hax-1 protein, which has been studied in mice and humans, shows a potent anti-apoptotic activity and is involved in regulation of cell motility. Cloning of the rat Hax-1 cDNA has revealed seven alternative transcripts, which differ mostly in their 5' region. Alternative splicing concerns exon 1, skipped in 5 transcripts, intron 1 which is partially retained in these transcripts, exon 2, which can be partially skipped, and intron 2, retained in one variant. The existence of different splicing variants was confirmed by exon-junction-specific RT-PCR and RNase protection assay. Analysis of expression indicates that overall Hax-1 mRNA level is relatively low in most tissues and very high in testes, and that the expression pattern of the variants is similar in different tissues. Presence of different transcripts implies the existence of several protein isoforms, with three putative start codons. The existence of at least three protein isoforms was confirmed by Western blot. Interestingly, high mRNA level in testes does not translate into high protein level, suggesting the existence of tissue-specific translational regulation or regulated protein degradation.
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