1
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Riccardi F, Tangredi C, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma: an overview on CD138-based strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370854. [PMID: 38655136 PMCID: PMC11035824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells primarily in the bone marrow. Although its treatment consists of the administration of combined therapy regimens mainly based on immunomodulators and proteosome inhibitors, MM remains incurable, and most patients suffer from relapsed/refractory disease with poor prognosis and survival. The robust results achieved by immunotherapy targeting MM-associated antigens CD38 and CD319 (also known as SLAMF7) have drawn attention to the development of new immune-based strategies and different innovative compounds in the treatment of MM, including new monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, and adaptive cellular therapies. In this context, Syndecan1 (CD138 or SDC1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is upregulated in malignant plasma cells, has gained increasing attention in the panorama of MM target antigens, since its key role in MM tumorigenesis, progression and aggressiveness has been largely reported. Here, our aim is to provide an overview of the most important aspects of MM disease and to investigate the molecular functions of CD138 in physiologic and malignant cell states. In addition, we will shed light on the CD138-based therapeutic approaches currently being tested in preclinical and/or clinical phases in MM and discuss their properties, mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riccardi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Carmela Tangredi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
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2
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Borbet TC, Zaldaña K, Zavitsanou AM, Hines MJ, Bajwa S, Morrison T, Boehringer T, Hallisey VM, Cadwell K, Koralov SB. Temporal Tracking of Plasma Cells in vivo Using J-chain CreERT2 Reporter System. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.02.569736. [PMID: 38106171 PMCID: PMC10723324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.02.569736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are essential for humoral immunity, as they are responsible for the production of antibodies and contribute to immunological memory. Despite their importance, differentiating between long-lived and short-lived PCs in vivo remains a challenge due to a lack of specific markers to distinguish these populations. Addressing this gap, our study introduces a novel J-chain CreERT2 GFP allele (IgJCreERT2) for precise genetic studies of PCs. This model takes advantage of PC-restricted expression of the J-chain gene, enabling temporal and cell-specific tracking of PCs utilizing a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase. Our in vitro and in vivo validation studies of the inducible Cre allele confirmed the fidelity and utility of this model and demonstrated the model's ability to trace the long-lived PC population in vivo following immunization. The IgJCreERT2 model allowed for detailed analysis of surface marker expression on PCs, revealing insights into PC heterogeneity and characteristics. Our findings not only validate the IgJCreERT2 mouse as a reliable tool for studying PCs but also facilitate the investigation of PC dynamics and longevity, particularly in the context of humoral immunity and vaccine responses. This model represents a significant advancement for the in-depth study of PCs in health and disease, offering a new avenue for the exploration of PC biology and immunological memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Borbet
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kimberly Zaldaña
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anastasia-Maria Zavitsanou
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Marcus J. Hines
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sofia Bajwa
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tate Morrison
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Boehringer
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victoria M. Hallisey
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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3
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Dunphy K, Bazou D, Henry M, Meleady P, Miettinen JJ, Heckman CA, Dowling P, O’Gorman P. Proteomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Bone Marrow and Plasma from Patients with Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma Identifies Distinct Protein and Metabolite Signatures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3764. [PMID: 37568580 PMCID: PMC10417544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. In rare cases, an aggressive form of MM called extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) develops, where myeloma cells enter the bloodstream and colonise distal organs or soft tissues. This variant is associated with refractoriness to conventional therapies and a short overall survival. The molecular mechanisms associated with EMM are not yet fully understood. Here, we analysed the proteome of bone marrow mononuclear cells and blood plasma from eight patients (one serial sample) with EMM and eight patients without extramedullary spread. The patients with EMM had a significantly reduced overall survival with a median survival of 19 months. Label-free mass spectrometry revealed 225 proteins with a significant differential abundance between bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) isolated from patients with MM and EMM. This plasma proteomics analysis identified 22 proteins with a significant differential abundance. Three proteins, namely vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), and hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), were verified as the promising markers of EMM, with the combined protein panel showing excellent accuracy in distinguishing EMM patients from MM patients. Metabolomic analysis revealed a distinct metabolite signature in EMM patient plasma compared to MM patient plasma. The results provide much needed insight into the phenotypic profile of EMM and in identifying promising plasma-derived markers of EMM that may inform novel drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.); (P.O.)
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Juho J. Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland;
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 AX57 Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.); (P.O.)
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4
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Kaur G, Harris NR. Endothelial glycocalyx in retina, hyperglycemia, and diabetic retinopathy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C1061-C1077. [PMID: 36939202 PMCID: PMC10125029 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a meshlike network present on the apical surface of the endothelium. Membrane-bound proteoglycans, the major backbone molecules of the EG, consist of glycosaminoglycans attached to core proteins. In addition to maintaining the integrity of the endothelial barrier, the EG regulates inflammation and perfusion and acts as a mechanosensor. The loss of the EG can cause endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of vascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, the EG presents a novel therapeutic target for treatment of vascular complications. In this review article, we provide an overview of the structure and function of the EG in the retina. Our particular focus is on hyperglycemia-induced perturbations in the glycocalyx structure in the retina, potential underlying mechanisms, and clinical trials studying protective treatments against degradation of the EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
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5
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Ostrovsky O, Beider K, Magen H, Leiba M, Sanderson RD, Vlodavsky I, Nagler A. Effect of HPSE and HPSE2 SNPs on the Risk of Developing Primary Paraskeletal Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2023; 12:913. [PMID: 36980254 PMCID: PMC10047783 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that is accompanied by hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions. Heparanase (HPSE) plays an important role in supporting and promoting myeloma progression, maintenance of plasma cell stemness, and resistance to therapy. Previous studies identified functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the HPSE gene. In the present study, 5 functional HPSE SNPs and 11 novel HPSE2 SNPs were examined. A very significant association between two enhancer (rs4693608 and rs4693084), and two insulator (rs4364254 and rs4426765) HPSE SNPs and primary paraskeletal disease (PS) was observed. SNP rs657442, located in intron 9 of the HPSE2 gene, revealed a significant protective association with primary paraskeletal disease and lytic bone lesions. The present study demonstrates a promoting (HPSE gene) and protective (HPSE2 gene) role of gene regulatory elements in the development of paraskeletal disease and bone morbidity. The effect of signal discrepancy between myeloma cells and normal cells of the tumor microenvironment is proposed as a mechanism for the involvement of heparanase in primary PS. We suggest that an increase in heparanase-2 expression can lead to effective suppression of heparanase activity in multiple myeloma accompanied by extramedullary and osteolytic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ostrovsky
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Katia Beider
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Hila Magen
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Merav Leiba
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5266202, Israel
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5266202, Israel
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6
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Purushothaman A, Mohajeri M, Lele TP. The role of glycans in the mechanobiology of cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102935. [PMID: 36693448 PMCID: PMC9930169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer is a genetic disease, physical changes such as stiffening of the extracellular matrix also commonly occur in cancer. Cancer cells sense and respond to extracellular matrix stiffening through the process of mechanotransduction. Cancer cell mechanotransduction can enhance cancer-promoting cell behaviors such as survival signaling, proliferation, and migration. Glycans, carbohydrate-based polymers, have recently emerged as important mediators and/or modulators of cancer cell mechanotransduction. Stiffer tumors are characterized by increased glycan content on cancer cells and their associated extracellular matrix. Here we review the role of cancer-associated glycans in coupled mechanical and biochemical alterations during cancer progression. We discuss the recent evidence on how increased expression of different glycans, in the form of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, contributes to both mechanical changes in tumors and corresponding cancer cell responses. We conclude with a summary of emerging tools that can be used to modify glycans for future studies in cancer mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA.
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7
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Stueven NA, Beauvais DM, Hu R, Kimple RJ, Rapraeger AC. Inhibiting IGF1R-mediated Survival Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer with the Peptidomimetic SSTN IGF1R. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:97-108. [PMID: 36968227 PMCID: PMC10035507 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the type I IGFR (IGF1R) suppresses apoptosis when it is autoactivated by coupling its extracellular domain to a matrix adhesion receptor complex consisting of syndecan-1 (Sdc1) and αvβ3 or αvβ5 integrin. We now report that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relies on this receptor complex. Disruption of the complex in HNSCC cells in vitro with a peptide mimetic of the organizer site in Sdc1 (called SSTNIGF1R) inactivates IGF1R, even in the presence of IGF1, and relieves the suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1), dramatically reducing tumor cell survival. Normal epithelial cells do not assemble this receptor complex, require IGF1 to activate the IGF1R, and are refractory to SSTNIGF1R. In vivo, SSTNIGF1R reduced the growth of patient-derived HNSCC tumors in immunodeficient mice by 85%-95%. IGF1R's assimilation into the matrix receptor complex, which is detected in these tumors using the proximity ligation assay (PLA), is quantitatively disrupted by SSTNIGF1R, coinciding with ASK1 activation. PLA also detects the IGF1R-containing receptor complex in the archival sections of tonsil carcinomas, whereas the adjacent benign epithelium is negative. Likewise, PLA screening of oropharyngeal and adenoid cystic tumor microarrays demonstrated that over 95% of the tumors contained this unique receptor complex with no detectable expression in benign tissue. These findings suggest that HNSCC upregulates and is highly dependent on IGF1R signaling via this adhesion receptor complex. Targeting this mechanism with novel therapeutics, including highly specific SSTNIGF1R, is likely to offer promising outcomes for patients with carcinoma. Significance A newly developed biomarker reveals upregulation of an antiapoptotic IGF1R-integrin-syndecan receptor complex in head and neck cancer and documents disruption of the complex in patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) treated with the inhibitor SSTNIGF1R. A corresponding blockade in PDX growth in the presence of this inhibitor demonstrates that therapies designed to target this mechanism will likely offer promising outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A. Stueven
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alan C. Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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8
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Tripathi K, Bandari SK, Sanderson RD. Extracellular vesicles released during hypoxia transport heparanase and enhance macrophage migration, endothelial tube formation and cancer cell stemness. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e1. [PMID: 37091070 PMCID: PMC10117102 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase is upregulated during the progression of most cancers and via its enzyme activity promotes extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis and cell migration. Heparanase expression is often associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. We previously demonstrated that increased heparanase expression in tumor cells enhances secretion and alters the composition of tumor-released exosomes. In the present study, we discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human multiple myeloma cells growing in hypoxic conditions exhibited elevated levels of heparanase cargo compared to EVs from cells growing in normoxic conditions. When macrophages (RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage-like cells) were exposed to EVs released by tumor cells growing in either hypoxic or normoxic conditions, macrophage migration and invasion was elevated by EVs from hypoxic conditions. The elevated invasion of macrophages was blocked by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits heparanase enzyme activity. Moreover, the heparanase-bearing EVs from hypoxic cells greatly enhanced endothelial cell tube formation consistent with the known role of heparanase in promoting angiogenesis. EVs from hypoxic tumor cells when compared with EVs from normoxic cells also enhanced cancer stemness properties of both CAG and RPMI 8226 human myeloma cells. Together these data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, tumor cells secrete EVs having an elevated level of heparanase as cargo. These EVs can act on both tumor and non-tumor cells, enhancing tumor progression and tumor cell stemness that likely supports chemoresistance and relapse of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Present address:
Building 29B, Room 5NN Suite 22, Lab 5NN11, Molecular Pathology SectionLab of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMaryland20892USA
| | - Shyam K. Bandari
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Present address:
Exelixis1851 Harbor Bay ParkwayAlamedaCalifornia94502USA
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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9
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu L, He Y. Syndecan-1: A Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1155-1165. [PMID: 37957867 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501250057231102061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), known as a coreceptor of various growth factors or an integrin binding partner, regulates various cell behaviours. Under certain pathological conditions, SDC-1 is shed from the cell surface and plays a protective or pathogenic role in various diseases. In the liver, SDC-1 is highly expressed in hepatocytes, where it is localized on the basolateral surface. It is critical to the cellular and molecular functions of hepatocytes, including their attachment to hepatitis viruses. Previous studies have reported that SDC-1 may function as a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic marker for various liver diseases, such as drug-induced liver injury, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. In this review, we summarize related research and highlight the mechanisms by which SDC-1 participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, as well as its potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review is expected to lay the foundation for further therapeutic strategies to target SDC-1 in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangru Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
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10
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Setting the stage for universal pharmacological targeting of the glycocalyx. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2023; 91:61-88. [PMID: 37080681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
All cells in the human body are covered by a complex meshwork of sugars as well as proteins and lipids to which these sugars are attached, collectively termed the glycocalyx. Over the past few decades, the glycocalyx has been implicated in a range of vital cellular processes in health and disease. Therefore, it has attracted considerable interest as a therapeutic target. Considering its omnipresence and its relevance for various areas of cell biology, the glycocalyx should be a versatile platform for therapeutic intervention, however, the full potential of the glycocalyx as therapeutic target is yet to unfold. This might be attributable to the fact that glycocalyx alterations are currently discussed mainly in the context of specific diseases. In this perspective review, we shift the attention away from a disease-centered view of the glycocalyx, focusing on changes in glycocalyx state. Furthermore, we survey important glycocalyx-targeted drugs currently available and finally discuss future steps. We hope that this approach will inspire a unified, holistic view of the glycocalyx in disease, helping to stimulate novel glycocalyx-targeted therapy strategies.
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11
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Forster S, Radpour R. Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941437. [PMID: 35847862 PMCID: PMC9284036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. Aside from classical chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are used in the current treatment scheme of MM. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of numerous solid and non-solid cancer entities. In MM, the survival and expansion of malignant plasma cell clones heavily depends on various direct and indirect signaling pathways provided by the surrounding bone marrow (BM) niche. In a number of MM patients, single plasma cell clones lose their BM dependency and are capable to engraft at distant body sites or organs. The resulting condition is defined as an extramedullary myeloma (EMM). EMMs are highly aggressive disease stages linked to a dismal prognosis. Emerging literature demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells affect myeloma dissemination. In this review, we aim to summarize how the cellular and non-cellular BM compartments can promote plasma cells to exit their BM niche and metastasize to distant intra-or extramedullary locations. In addition, we list selected therapy concepts that directly target the TME with the potential to prevent myeloma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ramin Radpour,
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12
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Beauvais DM, Nelson SE, Adams KM, Stueven NA, Jung O, Rapraeger AC. Plasma membrane proteoglycans syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 engage with EGFR and RON kinase to sustain carcinoma cell cycle progression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102029. [PMID: 35569509 PMCID: PMC9190016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a causal factor in carcinoma, yet many carcinoma patients are resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Potential insight into this resistance stems from prior work that showed EGFR in normal epithelial cells docks to the extracellular domain of the plasma membrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 (Sdc4) engaged with α3β1 and α6β4 integrins. We now report that this receptor complex is modified by the recruitment of syndecan-2 (Sdc2), the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) tyrosine kinase, and the cellular signaling mediator Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) in triple-negative breast carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, where it contributes to EGFR kinase-independent proliferation. Treatment with a peptide mimetic of the EGFR docking site in the extracellular domain of Sdc4 (called SSTNEGFR) disrupts the entire complex and causes a rapid, global arrest of the cell cycle. Normal epithelial cells do not recruit these additional receptors to the adhesion mechanism and are not arrested by SSTNEGFR. Although EGFR docking with Sdc4 in the tumor cells is required, cell cycle progression does not depend on EGFR kinase. Instead, progression depends on RON kinase, activated by its incorporation into the complex. RON activates ABL1, which suppresses p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and prevents a p38-mediated signal that would otherwise arrest the cell cycle. These findings add to the growing list of receptor tyrosine kinases that support tumorigenesis when activated by their association with syndecans at sites of matrix adhesion and identify new potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott E Nelson
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristin M Adams
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Noah A Stueven
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Oisun Jung
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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13
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Guo S, Wu X, Lei T, Zhong R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wu L. The Role and Therapeutic Value of Syndecan-1 in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784983. [PMID: 35118073 PMCID: PMC8804279 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and relapse are major causes of cancer-related fatalities. The elucidation of relevant pathomechanisms and adoption of appropriate countermeasures are thus crucial for the development of clinical strategies that inhibit malignancy progression as well as metastasis. An integral component of the extracellular matrix, the type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein syndecan-1 (SDC-1) binds cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor microenvironment modulation. Alterations in its localization have been implicated in both cancer metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, available data regarding the structural characteristics, shedding process, and nuclear translocation of SDC-1 are detailed with the aim of highlighting strategies directly targeting SDC-1 as well as SDC-1-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingYi Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Outpatient Department, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
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14
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Rapraeger AC. Syndecans and Their Synstatins: Targeting an Organizer of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling at the Cell-Matrix Interface. Front Oncol 2021; 11:775349. [PMID: 34778093 PMCID: PMC8578902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.775349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrin matrix receptors have well-established roles in tumor cell proliferation, invasion and survival, often functioning in a coordinated fashion at sites of cell-matrix adhesion. Central to this coordination are syndecans, another class of matrix receptor, that organize RTKs and integrins into functional units, relying on docking motifs in the syndecan extracellular domains to capture and localize RTKs (e.g., EGFR, IGF-1R, VEGFR2, HER2) and integrins (e.g., αvβ3, αvβ5, α4β1, α3β1, α6β4) to sites of adhesion. Peptide mimetics of the docking motifs in the syndecans, called “synstatins”, prevent assembly of these receptor complexes, block their signaling activities and are highly effective against tumor cell invasion and survival and angiogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of these four syndecan-coupled mechanisms and their inhibitory synstatins (SSTNIGF1R, SSTNVEGFR2, SSTNVLA-4, SSTNEGFR and SSTNHER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Allegra A, Di Gioacchino M, Tonacci A, Petrarca C, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:2865. [PMID: 34831088 PMCID: PMC8616233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension between 50 nm and 100 nm in size that can be released by various cells and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. Exosomes enclose proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs able to regulate interactions between MM plasma cells and adjacent cells. Through exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance to MM cells, while myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, influence immune response, cause bone lesions, and have an impact on the outcome of MM patients. In this review, we analyze the role played by exosomes in the progression of monoclonal gammopathies and the effects on the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, and discuss the possible employment of exosomes as potential targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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16
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Bansal R, Rakshit S, Kumar S. Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:161. [PMID: 34588423 PMCID: PMC8481260 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics which portends poor outcomes. There is a rising incidence of EMD in the era of novel agents, likely a reflection of longer OS, with no standard treatment approach. Patients benefit from aggressive chemotherapy-based approaches, but the OS and prognosis remains poor. RT has been used for palliative care. There is a need for large prospective trials for development of treatment approaches for treatment of EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Bansal
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55905
| | - Sagar Rakshit
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55905
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 55905.
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17
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Peters F, Rahn S, Mengel M, Scharfenberg F, Otte A, Koudelka T, Wagner EF, Wunderlich FT, Haase M, Naumann R, Tholey A, Becker-Pauly C. Syndecan-1 shedding by meprin β impairs keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation in hyperkeratosis. Matrix Biol 2021; 102:37-69. [PMID: 34508852 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of proteolytic enzymes has huge impact on epidermal homeostasis, which can result in severe pathological conditions such as fibrosis or Netherton syndrome. The metalloprotease meprin β was found to be upregulated in hyperproliferative skin diseases. AP-1 transcription factor complex has been reported to induce Mep1b expression. Since AP-1 and its subunit fos-related antigen 2 (fra-2) are associated with the onset and progression of psoriasis, we wanted to investigate if this could partially be attributed to increased meprin β activity. Here, we demonstrate that fra-2 transgenic mice show increased meprin β expression and proteolytic activity in the epidermis. To avoid influence by other fra-2 regulated genes, we additionally generated a mouse model that enabled tamoxifen-inducible expression of meprin β under the Krt5-promotor to mimic the pathological condition. Interestingly, induced meprin β expression in the epidermis resulted in hyperkeratosis, hair loss and mottled pigmentation of the skin. Employing N-terminomics revealed syndecan-1 as a substrate of meprin β in skin. Shedding of syndecan-1 at the cell surface caused delayed calcium-induced differentiation and impaired adhesion of keratinocytes, which was blocked by the meprin β inhibitor fetuin-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Peters
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany; Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich 8952, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Marion Mengel
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Franka Scharfenberg
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Haase
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, Dresden University, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
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18
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Gondelaud F, Bouakil M, Le Fèvre A, Miele AE, Chirot F, Duclos B, Liwo A, Ricard-Blum S. Extended disorder at the cell surface: The conformational landscape of the ectodomains of syndecans. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100081. [PMID: 34505054 PMCID: PMC8416954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are membrane proteoglycans regulating extracellular matrix assembly, cell adhesion and signaling. Their ectodomains can be shed from the cell surface, and act as paracrine and autocrine effectors or as competitors of full-length syndecans. We report the first biophysical characterization of the recombinant ectodomains of the four human syndecans using biophysical techniques, and show that they behave like flexible random-coil intrinsically disordered proteins, and adopt several conformation ensembles in solution. We have characterized their conformational landscapes using native mass spectrometry (MS) and ion-mobility MS, and demonstrated that the syndecan ectodomains explore the majority of their conformational landscape, from minor compact, globular-like, conformations to extended ones. We also report that the ectodomain of syndecan-4, corresponding to a natural isoform, is able to dimerize via a disulfide bond. We have generated a three-dimensional model of the C-terminus of this dimer, which supports the dimerization via a disulfide bond. Furthermore, we have mapped the NXIP adhesion motif of syndecans and their sequences involved in the formation of ternary complexes with integrins and growth factor receptors on the major conformations of their ectodomains, and shown that these sequences are not accessible in all the conformations, suggesting that only some of them are biologically active. Lastly, although the syndecan ectodomains have a far lower number of amino acid residues than their membrane partners, their intrinsic disorder and flexibility allow them to adopt extended conformations, which have roughly the same size as the cell surface receptors (e.g., integrins and growth factor receptors) they bind to.
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Key Words
- CCS, collision cross section
- CD, circular dichroism
- CSD, charge state distribution
- Cell-matrix interactions
- Conformations
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ED, ectodomain
- ESI-IM-MS, electrospray ionization - ion mobility - mass spectrometry
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- IDP, intrinsically disordered protein
- Intrinsically disordered proteins
- MoRF, molecular recognition feature
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PMG, pre-molten globule
- RC, random-coil
- SASA, solvent accessible surface area
- SAXS, small angle X-ray scattering
- SDC, syndecan
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- Syndecans
- TFE, trifluoroethanol
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gondelaud
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Bouakil
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Cité Lyonnaise de l'Environnement et de l'Analyse, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Le Fèvre
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bertrand Duclos
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Adam Liwo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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19
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Nguyen DC, Duan M, Ali M, Ley A, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Plasma cell survival: The intrinsic drivers, migratory signals, and extrinsic regulators. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:138-153. [PMID: 34337772 PMCID: PMC8387437 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are the effectors of protective humoral immunity and the only cell type that produces antibodies or immunoglobulins in mammals. In addition to their formidable capacity to secrete massive quantities of proteins, ASC are terminally differentiated and have unique features to become long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Upon antigen encounter, B cells are activated through a complex multistep process to undergo fundamental morphological, subcellular, and molecular transformation to become an efficient protein factory with lifelong potential. The ASC survival potential is determined by factors at the time of induction, capacity to migration from induction to survival sites, and ability to mature in the specialized bone marrow microenvironments. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying factors regulating ASC longevity. Here, we review the intrinsic drivers, trafficking signals, and extrinsic regulators with particular focus on how they impact the survival potential to become a LLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ariel Ley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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20
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Circulating CD138 enhances disease progression by augmenting autoreactive antibody production in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101053. [PMID: 34364875 PMCID: PMC8405997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by high levels of antibodies directed against nuclear antigens. Elevated serum CD138, a heparan sulfate–bearing proteoglycan, correlates with increased disease activity in patients with SLE, but the contribution of CD138 to lupus disease is not known. Corroborating patient data, we detected an increase in serum CD138 in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J (MRL/Lpr) mice (a model for SLE disease) parallel to disease activity. Although T-cell receptor β (TCRβ)+CD138+ T cells typically expand in MRL/Lpr mice as the disease progresses, surprisingly, TCRβ+CD138− cells were the primary source of circulating CD138, as the transfer of TCRβ+CD138− cells, but not TCRβ+CD138+ cells, to young MRL/Lpr mice resulted in higher serum CD138 in the recipients. We found that trypsin was able to cleave CD138 from TCRβ+CD138+ cells, and that trypsin was highly expressed in TCRβ+CD138− cells. Moreover, trypsin inhibitors, the “defined trypsin inhibitor” and leupeptin, increased CD138 expression on TCRβ+CD138− cells, suggesting a contribution of cleaved CD138 to the increase in blood CD138 levels. Furthermore, soluble CD138 was able to bind “a proliferation-inducing ligand” (APRIL) and enhance APRIL-mediated plasma cell generation and autoreactive antibody production through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase in B cells. The APRIL receptor “transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor” was involved in the enhancement of APRIL activity by CD138, as the synergistic effect of APRIL and CD138 was ablated in transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand interactor–deficient B cells. These findings indicate a regulatory role for soluble CD138 in B-cell differentiation and autoreactive antibody production in SLE disease.
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21
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Mariappan V, Adikari S, Shanmugam L, Easow JM, Balakrishna Pillai A. Expression dynamics of vascular endothelial markers: endoglin and syndecan-1 in predicting dengue disease outcome. Transl Res 2021; 232:121-141. [PMID: 33567345 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma leakage is a hallmark process in dengue viral (DENV) infection that occurs due to the loss of vascular integrity in endothelial cells. Endoglin (ENG) and Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) are released by activated endothelial cells; however, the complete dynamics of its expression at the gene and protein levels during the course of DENV infection remains unknown. In the present study, we quantified the mRNA and soluble protein levels of ENG and SDC-1 in dengue cases during febrile, defervescence, and convalescence stages in Dengue without Warning Sign (DWOW-15), Dengue with Warning Sign (DWW-22), and Severe Dengue cases (SD-10) compared to nondengue Other Febrile Illness (OFI-10) and healthy control (HC-8). Respective protein and mRNA levels along with clinical characters were further analyzed for their efficacy in predicting disease outcomes using Support Vector Machine (SVM). We observed a steady and significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in the levels of protein and mRNA of both the ENG and SDC-1 towards defervescence which is considered a critical phase in both severe and non-severe dengue cases. Importantly during the critical phase, the levels were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) in SD cases compared to DWW, DWOW, and OFI controls. However, at the time of admission (febrile), no such significant changes were observed within dengue, OFI, and healthy controls. SVM analysis revealed that the serum levels of ENG and SDC-1 along with other clinical symptoms could predict the disease severity with 100% accuracy. Based on the results we have proposed a mechanism on how ENG and SDC-1 could be involved in vascular dysfunction rather than just being a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Mariappan
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shalinda Adikari
- Department of Information System and Analytics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lokesh Shanmugam
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Joshy M Easow
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Agieshkumar Balakrishna Pillai
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), School of Biological Science, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India.
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22
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Isho B, Florescu A, Wang AA, Gommerman JL. Fantastic IgA plasma cells and where to find them. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:119-137. [PMID: 34046908 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is produced in large quantities at mucosal surfaces by IgA+ plasma cells (PC), protecting the host from pathogens, and restricting commensal access to the subepithelium. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that IgA+ PC are not constrained to mucosal barrier sites. Rather, IgA+ PC may leave these sites where they provide both host defense and immunoregulatory function. In this review, we will outline how IgA+ PC are generated within the mucosae and how they subsequently migrate to their "classical" effector site, the gut lamina propria. From there we provide examples of IgA+ PC displacement from the gut to other parts of the body, referencing examples during homeostasis and inflammation. Lastly, we will speculate on mechanisms of IgA+ PC displacement to other tissues. Our aim is to provide a new perspective on how IgA+ PC are truly fantastic beasts of the immune system and identify new places to find them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baweleta Isho
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Angela A Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Syndecan-1 (CD138), Carcinomas and EMT. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084227. [PMID: 33921767 PMCID: PMC8072910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are known to be important regulators of many aspects of cell behavior. The principal family of transmembrane proteoglycans is the syndecans, of which there are four in mammals. Syndecan-1 is mostly restricted to epithelia, and bears heparan sulfate chains that are capable of interacting with a large array of polypeptides, including extracellular matrix components and potent mediators of proliferation, adhesion and migration. For this reason, it has been studied extensively with respect to carcinomas and tumor progression. Frequently, but not always, syndecan-1 levels decrease as tumor grade, stage and invasiveness and dedifferentiation increase. This parallels experiments that show depletion of syndecan-1 can be accompanied by loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion. However, in some tumors, levels of syndecan-1 increase, but the characterization of its distribution is relevant. There can be loss of membrane staining, but acquisition of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining that is abnormal. Moreover, the appearance of syndecan-1 in the tumor stroma, either associated with its cellular component or the collagenous matrix, is nearly always a sign of poor prognosis. Given its relevance to myeloma progression, syndecan-1-directed antibody—toxin conjugates are being tested in clinical and preclinical trials, and may have future relevance to some carcinomas.
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24
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Agelidis A, Turturice BA, Suryawanshi RK, Yadavalli T, Jaishankar D, Ames J, Hopkins J, Koujah L, Patil CD, Hadigal SR, Kyzar EJ, Campeau A, Wozniak JM, Gonzalez DJ, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Perkins DL, Finn PW, Shukla D. Disruption of innate defense responses by endoglycosidase HPSE promotes cell survival. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144255. [PMID: 33621216 PMCID: PMC8119219 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The drive to withstand environmental stresses and defend against invasion is a universal trait extant in all forms of life. While numerous canonical signaling cascades have been characterized in detail, it remains unclear how these pathways interface to generate coordinated responses to diverse stimuli. To dissect these connections, we followed heparanase (HPSE), a protein best known for its endoglycosidic activity at the extracellular matrix but recently recognized to drive various forms of late-stage disease through unknown mechanisms. Using herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection as a model cellular perturbation, we demonstrate that HPSE acts beyond its established enzymatic role to restrict multiple forms of cell-intrinsic defense and facilitate host cell reprogramming by the invading pathogen. We reveal that cells devoid of HPSE are innately resistant to infection and counteract viral takeover through multiple amplified defense mechanisms. With a unique grasp of the fundamental processes of transcriptional regulation and cell death, HPSE represents a potent cellular intersection with broad therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agelidis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - Benjamin A. Turturice
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua Ames
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - James Hopkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | - Lulia Koujah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
| | | | | | - Evan J. Kyzar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anaamika Campeau
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jacob M. Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, UCSD, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jin-ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David L. Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and
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Vlodavsky I, Barash U, Nguyen HM, Yang SM, Ilan N. Biology of the Heparanase-Heparan Sulfate Axis and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:240-253. [PMID: 33794549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans are important constituents of the glycocalyx and participate in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, enzyme activation and inhibition, and multiple signaling routes, thereby regulating cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Heparanase, the sole mammalian heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, acts as an "activator" of HS proteoglycans, thus regulating tissue hemostasis. Heparanase is a multifaceted enzyme that together with heparan sulfate, primarily syndecan-1, drives signal transduction, immune cell activation, exosome formation, autophagy, and gene transcription via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. An important feature is the ability of heparanase to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding, thereby impacting cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Heparanase releases a myriad of HS-bound growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that are sequestered by heparan sulfate in the glycocalyx and ECM. Collectively, the heparan sulfate-heparanase axis plays pivotal roles in creating a permissive environment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and function, often resulting in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, endotheliitis, kidney dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Barash
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Heparanase, the only mammalian enzyme known to degrade heparan sulfate chains, affects the hemostatic system through several mechanisms. Along with the degrading effect, heparanase engenders release of syndecan-1 from the cell surface and directly enhances the activity of the blood coagulation initiator, tissue factor, in the coagulation system. Upregulation of tissue factor and release of tissue factor pathway inhibitor from the cell surface contribute to the prothrombotic effect. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the strongest physiological anticoagulant antithrombin are attached to the endothelial cell surface by heparan sulfate. Hence, degradation of heparan sulfate induces further release of these two natural anticoagulants from endothelial cells. Elevated heparanase procoagulant activity and heparan sulfate chain levels in plasma, demonstrated in cancer, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and aging, could suggest a potential mechanism for increased risk of thrombosis in these clinical settings. In contrast to the blood circulation, accumulation of heparan sulfate chains in transudate and exudate pleural effusions induces a local anticoagulant milieu. The anticoagulant effect of heparan sulfate chains in other closed spaces such as peritoneal or subdural cavities should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Nadir
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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27
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Ren Z, Spaargaren M, Pals ST. Syndecan-1 and stromal heparan sulfate proteoglycans: key moderators of plasma cell biology and myeloma pathogenesis. Blood 2021; 137:1713-1718. [PMID: 33512430 PMCID: PMC8405055 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells no longer express a B-cell antigen receptor and are hence deprived of signals crucial for survival throughout B-cell development. Instead, normal plasma cells, as well as their malignant myeloma counterparts, heavily rely on communication with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment for survival. The plasma cell heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (CD138) and HSPGs in the BM microenvironment act as master regulators of this communication by co-opting specific growth and survival factors from the BM niche. This designates syndecan-1/HSPGs and their synthesis machinery as potential treatment targets in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Chen X, Cheng B, Dai D, Wu Y, Feng Z, Tong C, Wang X, Zhao J. Heparanase induces necroptosis of microvascular endothelial cells to promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:33. [PMID: 33597510 PMCID: PMC7889896 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is a kind of multifunctional extracellular hydrolase, and related to metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endothelial necroptosis promotes the metastasis of cancer cells. It is not clear whether HPSE could mediate necroptosis of microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) to promote HCC metastasis. Here we found HPSE expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues and its over-expression was correlated with multiple tumor foci, microvascular invasion, and poor outcome of HCC patients. Non-contact co-culture experiments showed high-expressed HPSE in HCC cells mediated the necroptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elevated the expression levels of syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro. As a result of necroptosis, trans-endothelial migration (TEM) of HCC cells was increased. Conversely, both HPSE and SDC-1 knockdowns reversed necroptosis and decreased TNF-α expression level, while HPSE over-expression increased SDC-1 and TNF-α expression and aggravated necroptosis. Animal experiments found that the nude mice, intraperitoneally injected with HPSE high expressing HCC cells, had obvious necroptosis of MVECs and high intrahepatic metastasis rate, which could be relieved by inhibitor of necroptosis. Morever, HPSE elevated the expression levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) rather than nuclear factor kappa B in vitro. Our data suggest that HPSE induces necroptosis of MVECs to promote the metastasis of HCC by activating HPSE/SDC-1/TNF-α axis and p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China.
| | - Bin Cheng
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Huangshan People's Hospital, 245000, Huangshan, China
| | - Dafei Dai
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuhai Wu
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhiwen Feng
- First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China
| | - Chaogang Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 238000, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 241001, Wuhu, China
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Li QW, Zhang GL, Hao CX, Ma YF, Sun X, Zhang Y, Cao KX, Li BX, Yang GW, Wang XM. SANT, a novel Chinese herbal monomer combination, decreasing tumor growth and angiogenesis via modulating autophagy in heparanase overexpressed triple-negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113430. [PMID: 33011366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus mongholicus, Solanum nigrum Linn, Lotus plumule, Ligusticum are widely used traditional herbal medicines for cancer treatment in China. They were typical drugs selected from Gubenyiliu II and series of formula (GYII), which were developed on the foundation of YIQIHUOXUEJIEDU theory. In the present study, four active ingredients (Astragaloside IV, α-solanine, neferine, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine) derived from medicines above were applied in combination as SANT. AIM OF THE STUDY Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a serious threat to women's health worldwide. Heparanase (HPSE) is often up-regulated in breast cancer with the properties of facilitating tumorigenesis and influencing the autophagy process in cancer cells. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-tumor potential of SANT in treating HPSE related TNBC both in-vitro and in-vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explored the correlation between HPSE expression and survival of breast cancer patients in databases. We performed MTS, trans-well and wound scratch assays to assess the impact of SANT on cell proliferation and migration. Confocal microscopy observation and western blots were applied to verify the autophagy flux induced by SANT. Mice models were employed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SANT in-vivo by tumor weights and volumes or serum index, respectively. To analyze the underlying mechanisms of SANT, we conducted human autophagy PCR array and angiogenesis proteome profiler on tumor tissues. RESULTS Patients with elevated HPSE expression were associated with a poor outcome in both RFS (P = 1.7e-12) and OS (P = 0.00016). SANT administration significantly inhibited cancer cells' proliferation and migration, enhanced autophagy flux, and slightly reduced the active form of HPSE in-vitro. SANT also suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis in-vivo. Human autophagy PCR array results indicated that SANT increased the ATG16L1, ATG9B, ATG4D gene expressions while decreased TMEM74 and TNF gene expressions.Angiogenesis proteome profiler results showed SANT reduced protein level of HB-EGF, thrombospondin-2, amphiregulin, leptin, IGFBP-9, EGF, coagulation factor III, and MMP-9 (pro and active form) in tumor, raised the protein expression of serpin E1 and platelet factor 4. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that herbal compounds SANT may be a promising candidate in anti-cancer drug discovery. It also provides novel strategies for using natural compounds to achieve optimized effect.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Li
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Gan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Hao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yun-Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450008, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Bing-Xue Li
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
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30
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Gopal S, Arokiasamy S, Pataki C, Whiteford JR, Couchman JR. Syndecan receptors: pericellular regulators in development and inflammatory disease. Open Biol 2021; 11:200377. [PMID: 33561383 PMCID: PMC8061687 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The syndecans are the major family of transmembrane proteoglycans, usually bearing multiple heparan sulfate chains. They are present on virtually all nucleated cells of vertebrates and are also present in invertebrates, indicative of a long evolutionary history. Genetic models in both vertebrates and invertebrates have shown that syndecans link to the actin cytoskeleton and can fine-tune cell adhesion, migration, junction formation, polarity and differentiation. Although often associated as co-receptors with other classes of receptors (e.g. integrins, growth factor and morphogen receptors), syndecans can nonetheless signal to the cytoplasm in discrete ways. Syndecan expression levels are upregulated in development, tissue repair and an array of human diseases, which has led to the increased appreciation that they may be important in pathogenesis not only as diagnostic or prognostic agents, but also as potential targets. Here, their functions in development and inflammatory diseases are summarized, including their potential roles as conduits for viral pathogen entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samantha Arokiasamy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Csilla Pataki
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Biocentre 1.3.16, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - James R. Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John R. Couchman
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Biocentre 1.3.16, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Syndecans in cancer: A review of function, expression, prognostic value, and therapeutic significance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100312. [PMID: 33485180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While our understanding of tumors and how to treat them has advanced significantly since the days of Aminopterin and the radical mastectomy, cancer remains among the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite innumerable advancements in medical technology the non-static and highly heterogeneous nature of a tumor can make characterization and treatment exceedingly difficult. Because of this complexity, the identification of new cellular constituents that can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes is crucial in improving patient outcomes worldwide. Growing evidence has demonstrated that among the myriad of changes seen in cancer cells, the Syndecan family of proteins has been observed to undergo drastic alterations in expression. Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans that are responsible for cell signaling, proliferation, and adhesion, and many studies have shed light on their unique involvement in both tumor progression and suppression. This review seeks to discuss Syndecan expression levels in various cancers, whether they make reliable biomarkers for detection and prognosis, and whether they may be viable targets for future cancer therapies. The conclusions drawn from the literature reviewed in this article indicate that changes in expression of Syndecan protein can have profound effects on tumor size, metastatic capability, and overall patient survival rate. Further, while data regarding the therapeutic targeting of Syndecan proteins is sparse, the available literature does demonstrate promise for their use in cancer treatment going forward.
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32
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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33
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Koganti R, Suryawanshi R, Shukla D. Heparanase, cell signaling, and viral infections. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5059-5077. [PMID: 32462405 PMCID: PMC7252873 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is a multifunctional protein endowed with many non-enzymatic functions and a unique enzymatic activity as an endo-β-D-glucuronidase. The latter allows it to serve as a key modulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) via a well-regulated cleavage of heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans at cell surfaces. The cleavage and associated changes at the ECM cause release of multiple signaling molecules with important cellular and pathological functions. New and emerging data suggest that both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic functions of HPSE are important for health and illnesses including viral infections and virally induced cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of HPSE in activation, inhibition, or bioavailability of key signaling molecules such as AKT, VEGF, MAPK-ERK, and EGFR, which are known regulators of common viral infections in immune and non-immune cell types. Altogether, our review provides a unique overview of HPSE in cell-survival signaling pathways and how they relate to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Koganti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rahul Suryawanshi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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34
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Rangarajan S, Richter JR, Richter RP, Bandari SK, Tripathi K, Vlodavsky I, Sanderson RD. Heparanase-enhanced Shedding of Syndecan-1 and Its Role in Driving Disease Pathogenesis and Progression. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:823-840. [PMID: 32623935 PMCID: PMC7711244 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both heparanase and syndecan-1 are known to be present and active in disease pathobiology. An important feature of syndecan-1 related to its role in pathologies is that it can be shed from the surface of cells as an intact ectodomain composed of the extracellular core protein and attached heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains. Shed syndecan-1 remains functional and impacts cell behavior both locally and distally from its cell of origin. Shedding of syndecan-1 is initiated by a variety of stimuli and accomplished predominantly by the action of matrix metalloproteinases. The accessibility of these proteases to the core protein of syndecan-1 is enhanced, and shedding facilitated, when the heparan sulfate chains of syndecan-1 have been shortened by the enzymatic activity of heparanase. Interestingly, heparanase also enhances shedding by upregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Recent studies have revealed that heparanase-induced syndecan-1 shedding contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer and viral infection, as well as other septic and non-septic inflammatory states. This review discusses the heparanase/shed syndecan-1 axis in disease pathogenesis and progression, the potential of targeting this axis therapeutically, and the possibility that this axis is widespread and of influence in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Israel Vlodavsky
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, and Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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35
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Jang B, Kim A, Hwang J, Song HK, Kim Y, Oh ES. Emerging Role of Syndecans in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:863-870. [PMID: 32623937 PMCID: PMC7711240 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) offers a structural basis for regulating cell functions while also acting as a collection point for bioactive molecules and connective tissue cells. To perform pathological functions under a pathological condition, the involved cells need to regulate the ECM to support their altered functions. This is particularly common in the development of cancer. The ECM has been recognized as a key driver of cancer development and progression, and ECM remodeling occurs at all stages of cancer progression. Thus, cancer cells need to change the ECM to support relevant cell surface adhesion receptor-mediated cell functions. In this context, it is interesting to examine how cancer cells regulate ECM remodeling, which is critical to tumor malignancy and metastatic progression. Here, we review how the cell surface adhesion receptor, syndecan, regulates ECM remodeling as cancer progresses, and explore how this can help us better understand ECM remodeling under these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kuk Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bandari SK, Tripathi K, Rangarajan S, Sanderson RD. Therapy-induced chemoexosomes: Sinister small extracellular vesicles that support tumor survival and progression. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:113-119. [PMID: 32858103 PMCID: PMC7685072 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy involves the use of multiple cytotoxic or cytostatic drugs acting by various mechanisms to kill or arrest the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy remains the most utilized approach for controlling cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells activate various pro-survival mechanisms to cope with chemotherapeutic stress. These mechanisms persist during treatment and often help orchestrate tumor regrowth and patient relapse. Exosomes due to their nature of carrying and transferring multiple biologically active components have emerged as key players in cancer pathogenesis. Recent data demonstrates that chemotherapeutic stress enhances the secretion and alters the cargo carried by exosomes. These altered exosomes, which we refer to as chemoexosomes, are capable of transferring cargo to target tumor cells that can enhance their chemoresistance, increase their metastatic behavior and in certain cases even aid in endowing tumor cells with cancer stem cell-like properties. This mini-review summarizes the recent developments in our understanding of the impact chemoexosomes have on tumor survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Bandari
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sunil Rangarajan
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor Institute, Room 603, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Spinler K, Bajaj J, Ito T, Zimdahl B, Hamilton M, Ahmadi A, Koechlein CS, Lytle N, Kwon HY, Anower-E-Khuda F, Sun H, Blevins A, Weeks J, Kritzik M, Karlseder J, Ginsberg MH, Park PW, Esko JD, Reya T. A stem cell reporter based platform to identify and target drug resistant stem cells in myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5998. [PMID: 33243988 PMCID: PMC7691523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a common feature of many myeloid leukemias and a significant reason for treatment failure and relapse. Thus, identifying the cells responsible for residual disease and leukemia re-growth is critical to better understanding how they are regulated. Here, we show that a knock-in reporter mouse for the stem cell gene Musashi 2 (Msi2) allows identification of leukemia stem cells in aggressive myeloid malignancies, and provides a strategy for defining their core dependencies. Specifically, we carry out a high throughput screen using Msi2-reporter blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (bcCML) and identify several adhesion molecules that are preferentially expressed in therapy resistant bcCML cells and play a key role in bcCML. In particular, we focus on syndecan-1, whose deletion triggers defects in bcCML growth and propagation and markedly improves survival of transplanted mice. Further, live imaging reveals that the spatiotemporal dynamics of leukemia cells are critically dependent on syndecan signaling, as loss of this signal impairs their localization, migration and dissemination to distant sites. Finally, at a molecular level, syndecan loss directly impairs integrin β7 function, suggesting that syndecan exerts its influence, at least in part, by coordinating integrin activity in bcCML. These data present a platform for delineating the biological underpinnings of leukemia stem cell function, and highlight the Sdc1-Itgβ7 signaling axis as a key regulatory control point for bcCML growth and dissemination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Blast Crisis/therapy
- Chemoradiotherapy/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Genes, Reporter/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Integrin beta Chains/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/radiation effects
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Seq
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Syndecan-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Syndecan-1/genetics
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Spinler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeevisha Bajaj
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Zimdahl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claire S Koechlein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikki Lytle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferdous Anower-E-Khuda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen Blevins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joi Weeks
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcie Kritzik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Clegg J, Koch MK, Thompson EW, Haupt LM, Kalita-de Croft P, Bray LJ. Three-Dimensional Models as a New Frontier for Studying the Role of Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Breast Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569454. [PMID: 33163489 PMCID: PMC7581852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides cues to direct mammogenesis, tumourigenesis and metastatic processes. Over the past several decades, two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been invaluable in furthering our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, they still do not accurately emulate the associated biological complexities. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) culture models provide a more physiologically relevant platform to study relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-epithelial cell interactions, vascular and immune components, and cell-ECM interactions in the human breast microenvironment. A common thread that may weave these multiple interactions are the proteoglycans (PGs), a prominent family of molecules in breast tissue. This review will discuss how these PGs contribute to the breast cancer TME and provide a summary of the traditional and emerging technologies that have been utilized to better understand the role of PGs during malignant transformation. Furthermore, this review will emphasize the differences that PGs exhibit between normal tissues and tumor ECM, providing a rationale for the investigation of underexplored roles of PGs in breast cancer progression using state-of-the-art 3D culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clegg
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria K Koch
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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The Glycocalyx and Its Role in Vascular Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 12:37-71. [PMID: 32959164 PMCID: PMC7505222 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9:121–167, 2007). Since then there has been an explosion of interest in this hydrated gel-like structure that coats the luminal surface of endothelial cells that line our vasculature due to its important functions in (A) basic vascular physiology and (B) vascular related diseases. This review will highlight the major advances that have occurred since our 2007 paper. Methods A literature search mainly focusing on the role of the glycocalyx in the two major areas described above was performed using electronic databases. Results In part (A) of this review, the new formulation of the century old Starling principle, now referred to as the Michel–Weinbaum glycoclayx model or revised Starling hypothesis, is described including new subtleties and physiological ramifications. New insights into mechanotransduction and release of nitric oxide due to fluid shear stress sensed by the glycocalyx are elaborated. Major advances in understanding the organization and function of glycocalyx components, and new techniques for measuring both its thickness and spatio-chemical organization based on super resolution, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are presented. As discussed in part (B) of this review, it is now recognized that artery wall stiffness associated with hypertension and aging induces glycocalyx degradation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. In addition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, the glycocalyx plays an important role in lifestyle related diseases (e.g., diabetes) and cancer. Infectious diseases including sepsis, Dengue, Zika and Corona viruses, and malaria also involve the glycocalyx. Because of increasing recognition of the role of the glycocalyx in a wide range of diseases, there has been a vigorous search for methods to protect the glycocalyx from degradation or to enhance its synthesis in disease environments. Conclusion As we have seen in this review, many important developments in our basic understanding of GCX structure, function and role in diseases have been described since the 2007 paper. The future is wide open for continued GCX research.
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Emerging Insights on the Biological Impact of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated ncRNAs in Multiple Myeloma. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030030. [PMID: 32764460 PMCID: PMC7549345 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from both tumor cells and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment contribute to the pathobiology of multiple myeloma (MM). Recent studies on the mechanisms by which EVs exert their biological activity have indicated that the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) cargo is key in mediating their effect on MM development and progression. In this review, we will first discuss the role of EV-associated ncRNAs in different aspects of MM pathobiology, including proliferation, angiogenesis, bone disease development, and drug resistance. Finally, since ncRNAs carried by MM vesicles have also emerged as a promising tool for early diagnosis and therapy response prediction, we will report evidence of their potential use as clinical biomarkers.
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Koch J, Idzerda NMA, Ettema EM, Kuipers J, Dam W, van den Born J, Franssen CFM. An acute rise of plasma Na+ concentration associates with syndecan-1 shedding during hemodialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F171-F177. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the high incidence of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Syndecan-1 in the endothelial glycocalyx can be shed into the circulation, serving as a biomarker for ED. As Na+ is a trigger for glycocalyx shedding, we now tested whether hemodialysis, with higher dialysate Na+ concentrations, is associated with more syndecan-1 shedding compared with standard hemodialysis (SHD). In this crossover study in 29 patients, plasma syndecan-1 was repeatedly measured during SHD and during Hemocontrol hemodialysis (HHD), which is characterized by initially higher dialysate and plasma Na+ levels. Courses of syndecan-1 were compared with linear mixed models. Syndecan-1 shedding was assessed by area under the curve analysis. Plasma Na+ increased early after the start of SHD and HHD, with higher values during HHD (30 min: 142.3 vs. 139.9 mM, P < 0.001). Syndecan-1 increased significantly during both conditions, but the percent change was higher (42.9% vs. 19.5%) and occurred earlier (120 vs. 180 min) during HHD. Syndecan-1 levels were significantly higher at 120 min during HHD compared with SHD ( P < 0.05). Overall, syndecan-1 shedding was higher during HHD compared with SHD (means: 40.4 vs. 19.0 arbitrary units, P = 0.06). Lower predialysis plasma Na+ and osmolality were associated with greater intradialytic increases in syndecan-1 levels (both groups, P = 0.001). The rise in plasma syndecan-1 levels was more pronounced and occurred earlier during hemodialysis with higher plasma Na+ levels. Although we cannot prove that the rise in plasma syndecan-1 originates from the endothelial glycocalyx, our findings are compatible with Na+-driven endothelial glycocalyx-derived syndecan-1 shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Koch
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M. A. Idzerda
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée M. Ettema
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuipers
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Receptor tyrosine kinases and heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Interplay providing anticancer targeting strategies and new therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Teixeira FCOB, Götte M. Involvement of Syndecan-1 and Heparanase in Cancer and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:97-135. [PMID: 32274708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-1 acts as an important co-receptor for receptor tyrosine kinases and chemokine receptors, and as an adhesion receptor for structural glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. It serves as a substrate for heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase that degrades specific domains of heparan sulfate carbohydrate chains and thereby alters the functional status of the proteoglycan and of Syndecan-1-bound ligands. Syndecan-1 and heparanase show multiple levels of functional interactions, resulting in mutual regulation of their expression, processing, and activity. These interactions are of particular relevance in the context of inflammation and malignant disease. Studies in animal models have revealed a mechanistic role of Syndecan-1 and heparanase in the regulation of contact allergies, kidney inflammation, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Moreover, functional interactions between Syndecan-1 and heparanase modulate virtually all steps of tumor progression as defined in the Hallmarks of Cancer. Due to their prognostic value in cancer, and their mechanistic involvement in tumor progression, Syndecan-1 and heparanase have emerged as important drug targets. Data in preclinical models and preclinical phase I/II studies have already yielded promising results that provide a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C O B Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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Heparanase: Cloning, Function and Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:189-229. [PMID: 32274711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, we mark the 20th anniversary of the cloning of the human heparanase gene. Heparanase remains the only known enzyme to cleave heparan sulfate, which is an abundant component of the extracellular matrix. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying heparanase expression and activity is critical to understanding its role in healthy and pathological settings. This chapter provides a historical account of the race to clone the human heparanase gene, describes the intracellular and extracellular function of the enzyme, and explores the various mechanisms regulating heparanase expression and activity at the gene, transcript, and protein level.
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45
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α4β1 integrin associates with VEGFR2 in CLL cells and contributes to VEGF binding and intracellular signaling. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2144-2148. [PMID: 31307975 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
α4β1 integrin and VEGFR2 function as a receptor complex for VEGF in CLL cells. Contribution to VEGF functions in CLL is a novel pathological role for α4β1 integrin in this malignancy.
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Tatsumi Y, Miyake M, Shimada K, Fujii T, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Nakai Y, Anai S, Tanaka N, Konishi N, Fujimoto K. Inhibition of Heparanase Expression Results in Suppression of Invasion, Migration and Adhesion Abilities of Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113789. [PMID: 32471161 PMCID: PMC7313018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1, CD138, is known to be associated with cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration in malignancies. We previously reported that syndecan-1 (CD138) may contribute to urothelial carcinoma cell survival and progression. We investigated the role of heparanase, an enzyme activated by syndecan-1 in human urothelial carcinoma. Using human urothelial cancer cell lines, MGH-U3 and T24, heparanase expression was reduced with siRNA and RK-682, a heparanase inhibitor, to examine changes in cell proliferation activity, induction of apoptosis, invasion ability of cells, and its relationship to autophagy. A bladder cancer development mouse model was treated with RK-682 and the bladder tissues were examined using immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67, E-cadherin, LC3, and CD31 expressions. Heparanase inhibition suppressed cellular growth by approximately 40% and induced apoptosis. The heparanase inhibitor decreased cell activity in a concentration-dependent manner and suppressed invasion ability by 40%. Inhibition of heparanase was found to suppress autophagy. In N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer mice, treatment with heparanase inhibitor suppressed the progression of cancer by 40%, compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that heparanase inhibitor suppressed cell growth, and autophagy. In conclusion, heparanase suppresses apoptosis and promotes invasion and autophagy in urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tatsumi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (K.S.); (T.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (K.S.); (T.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (K.S.); (T.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
| | - Noboru Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (K.S.); (T.F.); (N.K.)
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Nara 634-8522, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.N.); (S.A.); (N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051 (ext. 2338)
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Brassart-Pasco S, Brézillon S, Brassart B, Ramont L, Oudart JB, Monboisse JC. Tumor Microenvironment: Extracellular Matrix Alterations Influence Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:397. [PMID: 32351878 PMCID: PMC7174611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM not only serves as a support for tumor cell but also regulates cell-cell or cell-matrix cross-talks. Alterations in ECM may be induced by hypoxia and acidosis, by oxygen free radicals generated by infiltrating inflammatory cells or by tumor- or stromal cell-secreted proteases. A poorer diagnosis for patients is often associated with ECM alterations. Tumor ECM proteome, also named cancer matrisome, is strongly altered, and different ECM protein signatures may be defined to serve as prognostic biomarkers. Collagen network reorganization facilitates tumor cell invasion. Proteoglycan expression and location are modified in the TME and affect cell invasion and metastatic dissemination. ECM macromolecule degradation by proteases may induce the release of angiogenic growth factors but also the release of proteoglycan-derived or ECM protein fragments, named matrikines or matricryptins. This review will focus on current knowledge and new insights in ECM alterations, degradation, and reticulation through cross-linking enzymes and on the role of ECM fragments in the control of cancer progression and their potential use as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Bertrand Brassart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean Claude Monboisse
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
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48
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Heparanase in Cancer Metastasis – Heparin as a Potential Inhibitor of Cell Adhesion Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:309-329. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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John A, Robador JR, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Houdek P, Wladykowski E, Günes C, Bolenz C, Schneider SW, Bauer AT, Gorzelanny C. Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Induces Endothelial Cell Activation and Hypercoagulation. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1099-1109. [PMID: 32234826 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related venous thromboembolisms (VTE) are associated with metastasis and reduced survival in patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder. Although previous reports suggest the contribution of tissue factor and podoplanin, the mechanistic linkage between VTE and bladder cancer cell-derived molecules is unknown. Therefore, we compared distinct procoagulant pathways in four different cell lines. In vitro findings were further confirmed by microfluidic experiments mimicking the pathophysiology of tumor blood vessels and in tissue samples of patients with bladder cancer by transcriptome analysis and immunohistology. In vitro and microfluidic experiments identified bladder cancer-derived VEGF-A as highly procoagulant because it promoted the release of von Willebrand factor (VWF) from endothelial cells and thus platelet aggregation. In tissue sections from patients with bladder cancer, we found that VWF-mediated blood vessel occlusions were associated with a poor outcome. Transcriptome data further indicate that elevated expression levels of enzymes modulating VEGF-A availability were significantly connected to a decreased survival in patients with bladder cancer. In comparison with previously postulated molecular players, we identified tumor cell-derived VEGF-A and endothelial VWF as procoagulant mediators in bladder cancer. Therapeutic strategies that prevent the VEGF-A-mediated release of VWF may reduce tumor-associated hypercoagulation and metastasis in patients with bladder cancer. IMPLICATIONS: We identified the VEGF-A-mediated release of VWF from endothelial cells to be associated with bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel John
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - José R Robador
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Houdek
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Wladykowski
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan W Schneider
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander T Bauer
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Experimental Dermatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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50
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Butler MJ, Down CJ, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The Pathological Relevance of Increased Endothelial Glycocalyx Permeability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:742-751. [PMID: 32035881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a vital regulator of vascular permeability. Damage to this delicate layer can result in increased protein and water transit. The clinical importance of albuminuria as a predictor of kidney disease progression and vascular disease has driven research in this area. This review outlines how research to date has attempted to measure the contribution of the endothelial glycocalyx to vessel wall permeability. We discuss the evidence for the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in regulating permeability in discrete areas of the vasculature and highlight the inherent limitations of the data that have been produced to date. In particular, this review emphasizes the difficulties in interpreting urinary albumin levels in early disease models. In addition, the research that supports the view that glycocalyx damage is a key pathologic step in a diverse array of clinical conditions, including diabetic complications, sepsis, preeclampsia, and atherosclerosis, is summarized. Finally, novel methods are discussed, including an ex vivo glomerular permeability assay that enhances the understanding of permeability changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin J Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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