1
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Medhi R, Handlin AD, Leonardi AK, Galli G, Guazzelli E, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Oliva M, Pretti C, Martinelli E, Ober CK. Interrupting marine fouling with active buffered coatings. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:377-389. [PMID: 38955544 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2367491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Biofouling on marine surfaces causes immense material and financial harm for maritime vessels and related marine industries. Previous reports have shown the effectiveness of amphiphilic coating systems based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) against such marine foulers. Recent studies on biofouling mechanisms have also demonstrated acidic microenvironments in biofilms and stronger adhesion at low-pH conditions. This report presents the design and utilization of amphiphilic polymer coatings with buffer functionalities as an active disruptor against four different marine foulers. Specifically, this study explores both neutral and zwitterionic buffer systems for marine coatings, offering insights into coating design. Overall, these buffer systems were found to improve foulant removal, and unexpectedly were the most effective against the diatom Navicula incerta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhiman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra D Handlin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amanda K Leonardi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina e Ecologia Applicata "G.Bacci", Livorno, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina e Ecologia Applicata "G.Bacci", Livorno, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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2
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Song B, Zhang E, Shi Y, Wang W, Zhu H, Gallagher SJ, Fischer S, Rigney J, Kim E, Cao Z. Zwitterionic Hydrogel Coating with Antisediment Properties for Marine Antifouling Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27908-27916. [PMID: 38752559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Biofouling is a serious issue affecting the marine industry because the attached micro- and macrocontaminants can increase fuel consumption and damage ship hulls. A hydrophilic hydrogel-based coating is considered a promising antifouling material because it is environmentally friendly and the dense hydration layer can protect the substrate from microbial attachment. However, sediment adsorption can be an issue for hydrogel-based coatings. Their natural soft and porous structures can trap sediment from the marine environment and weaken the antifouling capability. There is still little research on the antisediment properties of hydrogels, and none of them deal with this problem. Here, we report on optimizing zwitterionic hydrogel-based coatings to improve their antisediment properties and achieve comparable performance to commercial biocidal coatings, which are the gold standard in the antifouling coating area. After 1 week of sediment contamination and 2 weeks of diatom coculturing, this optimized zwitterionic hydrogel coating maintained its antifouling properties with a few diatoms on the surface. Its large-scale samples also achieved antifouling performance similar to that of biocidal coatings in the Atlantic Ocean for 1.5 months. More importantly, our research provides a universal strategy to improve the antisediment properties of soft hydrogel-based coatings. For the first time, we report that the introduction of interfacial electrostatic interactions enhanced the antisediment properties of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ershuai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yuanjie Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sheu-Jane Gallagher
- Repela Tech, LLC, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170, United States
| | - Stephen Fischer
- Repela Tech, LLC, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170, United States
| | - Jennifer Rigney
- Repela Tech, LLC, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170, United States
| | - Edward Kim
- Repela Tech, LLC, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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3
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Mengel SD, Guo W, Wu G, Finlay JA, Allen P, Clare AS, Medhi R, Chen Z, Ober CK, Segalman RA. Diffusely Charged Polymeric Zwitterions as Loosely Hydrated Marine Antifouling Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:282-290. [PMID: 38131624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric zwitterions exhibit exceptional fouling resistance through the formation of a strongly hydrated surface of immobilized water molecules. While being extensively tested for their performance in biomedical, membrane, and, to a lesser extent, marine environments, few studies have investigated how the molecular design of the zwitterion may enhance its performance. Furthermore, while theories of zwitterion antifouling mechanisms exist for molecular-scale foulant species (e.g., proteins and small molecules), it remains unclear how molecular-scale mechanisms influence the micro- and macroscopic interactions of relevance for marine applications. The present study addresses these gaps through the use of a modular zwitterion chemistry platform, which is characterized by a combination of surface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and marine assays. Zwitterions with increasingly delocalized cations demonstrate improved fouling resistance against the green alga Ulva linza. SFG spectra correlate well with the assay results, suggesting that the more diffuse charges exhibit greater surface hydration with more bound water molecules. Hence, the number of bound interfacial water molecules appears to be more influential in determining the marine antifouling activities of zwitterionic polymers than the binding strength of individual water molecules at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D Mengel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Wen Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Guangyao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Peter Allen
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Riddhiman Medhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14583, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14583, United States
| | - Rachel A Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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4
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Englert J, Palà M, Witzdam L, Rayatdoost F, Grottke O, Lligadas G, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Green Solvent-Based Antifouling Polymer Brushes Demonstrate Excellent Hemocompatibility. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18476-18485. [PMID: 38048267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Medical devices are crucial for patient care, yet even the best biomaterials lead to infections and unwanted activation of blood coagulation, potentially being life-threatening. While hydrophilic polymer brushes are the best coatings to mitigate these issues, their reliance on fossil raw materials underscores the urgency of bio-based alternatives. In this work, we introduce polymer brushes of a green solvent-based monomer, prohibiting protein adsorption, bacterial colonization, and blood clot formation at the same level as fossil-based polymer brushes. The polymer brushes are composed of N,N-dimethyl lactamide acrylate (DMLA), can be polymerized in a controlled manner, and show strong hydrophilicity as determined by thermodynamic analysis of the surface tension components. The contact of various challenging protein solutions results in repellency on the poly(DMLA) brushes. Furthermore, the poly(DMLA) brushes completely prevent the adhesion and colonization of Escherichia coli. Remarkably, upon blood contact, the poly(DMLA) brushes successfully prevent the formation of a fibrin network and leukocyte adhesion on the surface. While showcasing excellent antifouling properties similar to those of N-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide (HPMA) polymer brushes as one of the best antifouling coatings, the absence of hydroxyl groups prevents activation of the complement system in blood. We envision the polymer brushes to contribute to the future of hemocompatible coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Englert
- DWI─Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Palà
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lena Witzdam
- DWI─Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Farahnaz Rayatdoost
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Grottke
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI─Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking, Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, The Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Lin CH, Tang X, Chen P, Luo SC. Unraveling the Adhesion Behavior of Different Cell Lines on Biomimetic PEDOT Interfaces: The Role of Surface Morphology and Antifouling Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5695-5707. [PMID: 37971532 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) interface, renowned for its biocompatibility and intrinsic conductivity, holds substantial potential in biosensing and cellular modulation. Through strategic functionalization, PEDOT derivatives can be adaptable for multifaceted applications. Notably, integrating phosphorylcholine (PC) groups into PEDOT, mimicking the hydrophilic headgroups from cell membranes, confers exceptional antifouling properties on the coating. This study systematically investigated biomolecule interactions with distinct forms of PEDOT, incorporating variations in surface modifications and structure. Zwitterionic PEDOT-PC was electropolymerized on smooth and nanostructured surfaces using various feeding ratios in electrolytes to finely control the antifouling properties of the interface. Precise electropolymerization conditions governed the attainment of smooth and nanostructured filamentous surfaces. The study employed a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to assess protein binding behavior. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (LYZ), cytochrome c (cyt c), and fibronectin (FN) were used to evaluate their binding affinities for PEDOT films. FN, a pivotal extracellular matrix component, was included for connecting to cell adhesion behavior. Furthermore, the cellular adhesion behaviors on PEDOT interfaces were evaluated. Three cell lines─MG-63 osteosarcoma, HeLa cervical cancer, and fibroblast NIH/3T3 were examined. The presence of PC moieties significantly altered the adhesive response, including the number of attached cells, their morphologies, and nucleus shrinkage. MG-63 cells exhibited the highest tolerance for PC moieties. A feeding ratio of PEDOT-PC exceeding 70% resulted in cell apoptosis. This study contributes to understanding biomolecule adsorption on PEDOT surfaces of diverse morphologies and degrees of the antifouling moiety. Meanwhile, it also sheds light on the responses of various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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6
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Takeuchi K, Sato R, Nogata Y, Kobayashi M. Measurement of the Adhesion Force of a Living Sessile Organism on Antifouling Coating Surfaces Prepared with Polysulfobetaine-Grafted Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38019926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
An antifouling polymer brush-like structure was fabricated by a simple and versatile dip-coating method of sulfobetaine containing copolymer-grafted silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and alkyl diiodide cross-linkers. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical copolymerization of 3-(N-2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl)ammonatopropanesulfonate (MAPS) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was carried out from initiator-immobilized SiNPs to give poly(MAPS-co-DMAEMA)-grafted SiNPs (MAPS/DMAEMA = 9/1, mol/mol) with diameters of 150-170 nm. The SiNP-g-copolymer/2,2,2-trifluoroethanol solution was dip-coated on silicon and glass substrates. Successive treatment with 1,4-diiodobutane in methanol gave a hydrophilic cross-linked coating film for the SiNP-g-copolymer. The cross-linked particle brushes did not peel off from the substrate even after washing with water in an ultrasonic cleaner despite the simple physical absorption of the SiNP-g-copolymer on the substrate surface. The adhesion force of the tentacle of a living barnacle cyprid on a glass surface covered with the cross-linked SiNP-g-copolymer was directly measured by scanning probe microscopy in seawater. The coating film exhibited extremely low adhesion to the cypris larva in the seawater, expecting this to be an effective antifouling property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nogata
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kobayashi
- School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
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7
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Lielpetere A, Jayakumar K, Leech D, Schuhmann W. Cross-Linkable Polymer-Based Multi-layers for Protecting Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors against Uric Acid, Ascorbic Acid, and Biofouling Interferences. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1756-1765. [PMID: 36943936 PMCID: PMC10152486 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The lifetime of implantable electrochemical glucose monitoring devices is limited due to the foreign body response and detrimental effects from ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) interferents that are components of physiological media. Polymer coatings can be used to shield biosensors from these interferences and prolong their functional lifetime. This work explored several approaches to protect redox polymer-based glucose biosensors against such interferences by designing six targeted multi-layer sensor architectures. Biological interferents, like cells and proteins, and UA and AA interferents were found to have individual effects on the current density and operational stability of glucose biosensors, requiring individual protection and treatment. Protection against biofouling can be achieved using a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (MPC) zwitterionic polymer coating. An enzyme-scavenging approach was compared to electrostatic repulsion by negatively charged polymers for protection against AA and UA interferences. A multi-layer novel polymer design (PD) system consisting of a cross-linkable negatively charged polyvinylimidazole-polysulfostyrene co-polymer inner layer and a cross-linkable MPC zwitterionic polymer outer layer showed the best protection against AA, UA, and biological interferences. The sensor protected using the novel PD shield displayed the lowest mean absolute relative difference between the glucose reading without the interferent and the reading value with the interferent present and also displayed the lowest variability in sensor readings in complex media. For sensor measurements in artificial plasma, the novel PD extends the linear range (R2 = 0.99) of the sensor from 0-10 mM for the control to 0-20 mM, shows a smaller decrease in sensitivity, and retains high current densities. The application of PD multi-target coating improves sensor performance in complex media and shows promise for use in sensors operating in real conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lielpetere
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kavita Jayakumar
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Dónal Leech
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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8
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Jayakumar K, Lielpetere A, Domingo-Lopez DA, Levey RE, Duffy GP, Schuhmann W, Leech D. Tethering zwitterionic polymer coatings to mediated glucose biosensor enzyme electrodes can decrease sensor foreign body response yet retain sensor sensitivity to glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114815. [PMID: 36302333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Foreign body response (FBR) is a major challenge that affects implantable biosensors and medical devices, including glucose biosensors, leading to a deterioration in device response over time. Polymer shields are often used to mitigate this issue. Zwitterionic polymers (ZPs) are a promising class of materials that reduce biofouling of implanted devices. A series of ZPs each containing tetherable epoxide functional groups was synthesised for application as a polymer shield for eventual application as implantable glucose biosensors. The polymer shields were initially tested for the ability to resist fibrinogen adsorption and fibroblast adhesion. All synthesised ZPs showed comparable behaviour to a commercial Lipidure ZP in resisting fibrinogen adsorption. Nafion, a common anionic shield used against electrochemical interferents, showed higher protein adsorption and comparable cell adhesion resistance as uncoated control surfaces. However, a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (MPC)-type ZP showed similar behaviour to Lipidure, with approximately 50% reduced fibrinogen adsorption and 80% decrease in fibroblast adhesion compared to uncoated controls. An MPC-coated amperometric glucose biosensor showed comparable current density and a 1.5-fold increase in sensitivity over an uncoated control biosensor, whereas all other polymer shields tested, including Lipidure, Nafion and a poly(ethyleneglycol) polymer, resulted in lower sensitivity and current density. Collectively, these characteristics make MPC-polymer shield coatings an appealing possibility for use in implantable glucose sensors and other implanted devices with the aim of reducing FBR while maintaining sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jayakumar
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Anna Lielpetere
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel A Domingo-Lopez
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, ,Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ruth E Levey
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, ,Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, ,Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dónal Leech
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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9
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Ishihara K. Biomimetic materials based on zwitterionic polymers toward human-friendly medical devices. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:498-524. [PMID: 36117516 PMCID: PMC9481090 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2119883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent research on the design of polymer material systems based on biomimetic concepts and reports on the medical devices that implement these systems. Biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids, present in living organisms, play important roles in biological activities. These molecules are characterized by heterogenic nature with hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and a balance of positive and negative charges, which provide unique reaction fields, interfaces, and functionality. Incorporating these molecules into artificial systems is expected to advance material science considerably. This approach to material design is exceptionally practical for medical devices that are in contact with living organisms. Here, it is focused on zwitterionic polymers with intramolecularly balanced charges and introduce examples of their applications in medical devices. Their unique properties make these polymers potential surface modification materials to enhance the performance and safety of conventional medical devices. This review discusses these devices; moreover, new surface technologies have been summarized for developing human-friendly medical devices using zwitterionic polymers in the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, orthopedic, and ophthalmology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Lunkad R, Biehl P, Murmiliuk A, Blanco PM, Mons P, Štěpánek M, Schacher FH, Košovan P. Simulations and Potentiometric Titrations Enable Reliable Determination of Effective p Ka Values of Various Polyzwitterions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lunkad
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pablo M. Blanco
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry, Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Mons
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Košovan
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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11
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Yoshikawa C, Takagi R, Nakaji-Hirabayashi T, Ochi T, Kawamura Y, Thissen H. Marine Antifouling Coatings Based on Durable Bottlebrush Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32497-32509. [PMID: 35816694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a next-generation, biocide-free, and durable marine antifouling coating technology. To achieve this, we combined two different polymers previously developed by us. First, we synthesized well-defined 2-hydroxypropyl acrylamide (HPA) based bottlebrush polymers with concentrated polymer brush (CPB) structures, which exhibit excellent bioinertness, and second, we synthesized photoreactive copolymers of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylamide (HPA) and N-benzophenone acrylamide (BPA), which can be cross-linked by exposure to sunlight for 30 min. Simply mixing the bottlebrush polymers with the photoreactive copolymers and applying these as a coating provided a scalable method for achieving effective antifouling properties in one step on a broad range of polymer substrate materials. The resistance of bottlebrushes against acid and base hydrolysis was demonstrated in accelerated degradation experiments at 80 °C, and the coating thickness was found to be stable after 3 months of incubation in sea water. Optimized coatings prevented cypris larva attachment for up to 9 days and prevented the settling of marine organisms in the sea for up to 73 days. Due to the ease of application, long-term durability, and effective antifouling performance, our bottlebrush coating technology is expected to be exploited in biocide-free marine paints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ryoma Takagi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ochi
- Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., 4-17-1 Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8562, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawamura
- Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., 4-17-1 Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8562, Japan
| | - Helmut Thissen
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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12
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Aktas Eken G, Ober CK. Strong Polyelectrolyte Brushes via Alternating Copolymers of Styrene and Maleimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Stability. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Aktas Eken
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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13
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Leonardi AK, Medhi R, Zhang A, Düzen N, Finlay JA, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Ober CK. Investigation of N-Substituted Morpholine Structures in an Amphiphilic PDMS-Based Antifouling and Fouling-Release Coating. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2697-2712. [PMID: 35486708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling is a major disruptive process affecting the fuel efficiency and durability of maritime vessel coatings. Previous research has shown that amphiphilic coatings consisting of a siloxane backbone functionalized with hydrophilic moieties are effective marine antifouling and fouling-release materials. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been the primary hydrophilic component used in such systems. Recently, the morpholine group has emerged as a promising compact alternative in antifouling membranes but is yet to be studied against marine foulants. In this work, the use of morpholine moieties to generate amphiphilicity in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based antifouling and fouling-release coating was explored. Two separate coating sets were investigated. The first set examined the incorporation of an N-substituted morpholine amine, and while these coatings showed promising fouling-release properties for Ulva linza, they had unusually high settlement of spores compared to controls. Based on those results, a second set of materials was synthesized using an N-substituted morpholine amide to probe the source of the high settlement and was found to significantly improve antifouling performance. Both coating sets included PEG controls with varying lengths to compare the viability of the morpholine structures as alternative hydrophilic groups. Surfaces were evaluated through a combination of bubble contact angle goniometry, profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and marine bioassays against two soft fouling species, U. linza and Navicula incerta, known to have different adhesion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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14
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Murphy JG, Raybin JG, Sibener SJ. Correlating polymer structure, dynamics, and function with atomic force microscopy. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Murphy
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jonathan G. Raybin
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Steven J. Sibener
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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15
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Qiu H, Feng K, Gapeeva A, Meurisch K, Kaps S, Li X, Yu L, Mishra YK, Adelung R, Baum M. Functional Polymer Materials for Modern Marine Biofouling Control. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Tan J, Liang X, Yang J, Zhou S. Sol-gel-derived hard coatings from tetraethoxysilane and organoalkoxysilanes bearing zwitterionic and isothiazolinone groups and their antifouling behaviors. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:406-417. [PMID: 34935850 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current environmentally friendly marine antifouling (AF) coatings are mainly polymeric with a relatively low hardness. Hard sol-gel-derived AF coatings for underwater robot-cleaning are seldom used. In this work, two new organoalkoxysilanes, i.e., (N-methoxyacylethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 2-(2-hydroxy-3-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxy)propyl)benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one, were synthesized by a facile method. These two precursors were used with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to produce three series of hybrid AF coatings with zwitterionic group (Z-χ), antibacterial group (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) (A-χ) and zwitterionic and antibacterial groups (S-χ) by a sol-gel process. The hardness of the coatings was measured using a pencil hardness tester and the AF behaviors of the coatings were examined by laboratory and field assays. A pencil hardness up to 5 H was achieved and slight deterioration was observed after 9 months of immersion in artificial seawater for the A-χ and S-χ coatings at a sufficiently high TEOS content. A synergistic effect between the zwitterion and antimicrobial agents existed but was not obvious. A higher TEOS content led to a higher hardness and better AF performance regardless of the type of AF group. Even with the same biofilm formation after field assay, coatings with a higher TEOS content exhibited a better resistance to mussel settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Tan
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shuxue Zhou
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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17
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Durmaz EN, Sahin S, Virga E, de Beer S, de Smet LCPM, de Vos WM. Polyelectrolytes as Building Blocks for Next-Generation Membranes with Advanced Functionalities. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:4347-4374. [PMID: 34541543 PMCID: PMC8438666 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The global society is in a transition, where dealing with climate change and water scarcity are important challenges. More efficient separations of chemical species are essential to reduce energy consumption and to provide more reliable access to clean water. Here, membranes with advanced functionalities that go beyond standard separation properties can play a key role. This includes relevant functionalities, such as stimuli-responsiveness, fouling control, stability, specific selectivity, sustainability, and antimicrobial activity. Polyelectrolytes and their complexes are an especially promising system to provide advanced membrane functionalities. Here, we have reviewed recent work where advanced membrane properties stem directly from the material properties provided by polyelectrolytes. This work highlights the versatility of polyelectrolyte-based membrane modifications, where polyelectrolytes are not only applied as single layers, including brushes, but also as more complex polyelectrolyte multilayers on both porous membrane supports and dense membranes. Moreover, free-standing membranes can also be produced completely from aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions allowing much more sustainable approaches to membrane fabrication. The Review demonstrates the promise that polyelectrolytes and their complexes hold for next-generation membranes with advanced properties, while it also provides a clear outlook on the future of this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Durmaz
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sevil Sahin
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ettore Virga
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
- Wetsus, European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water
Technology, Oostergoweg
9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C. P. M. de Smet
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- Membrane
Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Ren B, Gong X, Xu L, Feng ZQ, Chang Y, He Y, Zheng J. Molecular simulations and understanding of antifouling zwitterionic polymer brushes. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3814-3828. [PMID: 32227061 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00520g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic materials are an important class of antifouling biomaterials for various applications. Despite such desirable antifouling properties, molecular-level understanding of the structure-property relationship associated with surface chemistry/topology/hydration and antifouling performance still remains to be elucidated. In this work, we computationally studied the packing structure, surface hydration, and antifouling property of three zwitterionic polymer brushes of poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA), and poly((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)phosporylcoline) (pMPC) brushes and a hydrophilic PEG brush using a combination of molecular mechanics (MM), Monte Carlo (MC), molecular dynamics (MD), and steered MD (SMD) simulations. We for the first time determined the optimal packing structures of all polymer brushes from a wide variety of unit cells and chain orientations in a complex energy landscape. Under the optimal packing structures, MD simulations were further conducted to study the structure, dynamics, and orientation of water molecules and protein adsorption on the four polymer brushes, while SMD simulations to study the surface resistance of the polymer brushes to a protein. The collective results consistently revealed that the three zwitterionic brushes exhibited stronger interactions with water molecules and higher surface resistance to a protein than the PEG brush. It was concluded that both the carbon space length between zwitterionic groups and the nature of the anionic groups have a distinct effect on the antifouling performance, leading to the following antifouling ranking of pCBMA > pMPC > pSBMA. This work hopefully provides some structural insights into the design of new antifouling materials beyond traditional PEG-based antifouling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Baiping Ren
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Xiong Gong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yi He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA. and Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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19
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Koc J, Schardt L, Nolte K, Beyer C, Eckhard T, Schwiderowski P, Clarke JL, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Muhler M, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Effect of Dipole Orientation in Mixed, Charge-Equilibrated Self-assembled Monolayers on Protein Adsorption and Marine Biofouling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50953-50961. [PMID: 33112127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While zwitterionic interfaces are known for their excellent low-fouling properties, the underlying molecular principles are still under debate. In particular, the role of the zwitterion orientation at the interface has been discussed recently. For elucidation of the effect of this parameter, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold were prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of oppositely charged alkyl thiols bearing either a quaternary ammonium or a carboxylate moiety. The alkyl chain length of the cationic component (11-mercaptoundecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium, which controls the distance of the positively charged end group from the substrate's surface, was kept constant. In contrast, the anionic component and, correspondingly, the distance of the negatively charged carboxylate groups from the surface was varied by changing the alkyl chain length in the thiol molecules from 7 (8-mercaptooctanoic acid) to 11 (12-mercaptododecanoic acid) to 15 (16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid). In this way, the charge neutrality of the coating was maintained, but the charged groups exposed at the interface to water were varied, and thus, the orientation of the dipoles in the SAMs was altered. In model biofouling studies, protein adsorption, diatom accumulation, and the settlement of zoospores were all affected by the altered charge distribution. This demonstrates the importance of the dipole orientation in mixed-charged SAMs for their inertness to nonspecific protein adsorption and the accumulation of marine organisms. Overall, biofouling was lowest when both the anionic and the cationic groups were placed at the same distance from the substrate's surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Lisa Schardt
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Kim Nolte
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Cindy Beyer
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Till Eckhard
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Andre Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
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20
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Hikita S, Shintani T, Nakagawa K, Matsuyama H, Yoshioka T. Structure control of hydrophilized PVDF hollow-fiber membranes using amphiphilic copolymers: PMMA-co-P (HEMA-co-MEA). J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Kim D, Matsuoka H, Saruwatari Y. Formation of Sulfobetaine-Containing Entirely Ionic PIC (Polyion Complex) Micelles and Their Temperature Responsivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10130-10137. [PMID: 32787061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfobetaine, a type of zwitterionic polymer, is highly biocompatible with temperature responsiveness of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type. The objective of this research was to construct polyion complex (PIC) micelles in the shell of sulfobetaine that had these properties. We used poly(sulfopropyl dimethylammonium propylacrylamide) (PSPP) as sulfobetaine, poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa) as the anionic polymer, and poly[3-(methacrylamido)propyl trimethylammonium chloride] (PMAPTAC) as the cationic polymer. The fundamental properties of the sulfobetaine-containing polymer and the complex were investigated to construct micelles in which the corona expands and contracts in response to temperature changes. Changes in the cloud point were observed from the transmittance for sulfobetaine homopolymers with different degrees of polymerization and concentration and aqueous solution of temperature-responsive diblock copolymers with different concentrations. The concentration and degree of polymerization dependencies on temperature responsivity were determined. Then we mixed two diblock copolymer aqueous solutions that did not have temperature responsivity so that the charge number of anions and cations became equal, and the temperature responsivity and the formation of micelles were confirmed from 1H NMR, DLS, and transmittance. This confirmed the formation of PIC micelles with temperature responsivity. The diblock copolymer did not have temperature responsivity due to the influence of the block ratio by introduction of the ionic chain. However, it is considered to have temperature responsivity because the ionic chain becomes the core when PIC micelles are formed. Furthermore, the PIC micelles with temperature responsivity also had a degree of polymerization and concentration dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Kim
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsuoka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
- Osaka Organic Chemical Industries Ltd., 7-20 Azuchi-Machi, 1-Chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan
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22
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Koschitzki F, Wanka R, Sobota L, Koc J, Gardner H, Hunsucker KZ, Swain GW, Rosenhahn A. Amphiphilic Dicyclopentenyl/Carboxybetaine-Containing Copolymers for Marine Fouling-Release Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34148-34160. [PMID: 32567832 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic materials received great attention in recent studies due to their high antifouling potential, though their application in practical coatings is still challenging. Amphiphilic polymers have been proven to be an effective method to combat fouling in the marine environment. This study reports the incorporation of small amounts of zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) into hydrophobic ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (DCPEA). A new set of copolymers with varying amphiphilicities was synthesized and coated on chemically modified glass substrates. The antifouling capabilities were assessed against the diatom Navicula perminuta and multiple species in the field. Unsurprisingly, high diatom densities were observed on the hydrophobic control coatings. The integration of small zwitterionic contents of only ∼5 wt % was already sufficient to rapidly form a hydrophilic interface that led to a strong reduction of fouling. Ultralow fouling was also observed for the pure zwitterionic coatings in laboratory experiments, but it failed when tested in the real ocean environment. We noticed that the ability to absorb large amounts of water and the diffuse nature of the interphase correlate with the adsorption of silt, which can mask the hydrophilic chemistries and facilitate the settlement of organisms. The amphiphilic coatings showed low fouling in dynamic short-term field exposures, which could be explained by the reduced tendency of the coatings for sediment adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Koschitzki
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Robin Wanka
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennart Sobota
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry-Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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23
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Li M, Zhuang B, Yu J. Functional Zwitterionic Polymers on Surface: Structures and Applications. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2060-2075. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglun Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Bilin Zhuang
- Division of ScienceYale-NUS College Singapore 138527 Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore
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24
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Cheng Y, Wang J, Li M, Fu F, Zhao Y, Yu J. Zwitterionic Polymer-Grafted Superhydrophilic and Superoleophobic Silk Fabrics for Anti-Oil Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000162. [PMID: 32430966 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A highly anti-oil fabric membrane is synthesized by surface grafting of zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) onto the fabric surface. The fabric membrane is first enzymatically modified to create more reactive amine groups on the surface. A surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) reaction is then performed to modify the fabric membrane surface with a dense PSBMA brush layer. Surface characterization indicates that the brush-grafted fabric membrane exhibits increased surface roughness and improved superhydrophilicity. The PSBMA-modified silk fabrics show a very large contact angle for oil droplets in water, and have excellent oil resistance in air and in water-oil mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jilei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Minglun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fanfan Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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25
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Oh YJ, Khan ES, Campo AD, Hinterdorfer P, Li B. Nanoscale Characteristics and Antimicrobial Properties of (SI-ATRP)-Seeded Polymer Brush Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29312-29319. [PMID: 31259525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistant coatings have raised considerable interest in the biotechnological industry and clinical scenarios to combat the spreading of infections, in particular in implanted medical devices. Polymer brushes covalently attached to surfaces represent a useful platform to identify ideal compositions for preventing bacterial settlement by quantifying bacteria-surface interactions. In this work, a series of polymer brushes with different charges, positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC), negatively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMA), and neutral poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) were grafted onto glass surfaces by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous conditions. The antimicrobial activity of the polymer brushes against Gram-negative Escherichia coli was tested at the nano- and microscopic level on different time scales, that is, from nm to 100 μm, and ms to 24 h, respectively. The interaction between the polymer brushes and E. coli was studied by single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and by quantification of the bacterial density on surfaces incubated with bacterial suspensions. E. coli firmly attached to positive PMETAC brushes with high work required for de-adhesion of 28 ± 9 nN·nm, but did not significantly bind to negatively charged PSPMA and neutral PHEMA brushes. Our studies of bacterial adhesion using polymer brushes with controllable chemistry provide essential insights into bacterial surface interactions and the origins of bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Oh
- Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , A-4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Essak S Khan
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , A-4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Bin Li
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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26
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Guo S, Quintana R, Cirelli M, Toa ZSD, Arjunan Vasantha V, Kooij ES, Jańczewski D, Vancso GJ. Brush Swelling and Attachment Strength of Barnacle Adhesion Protein on Zwitterionic Polymer Films as a Function of Macromolecular Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8085-8094. [PMID: 31099575 PMCID: PMC6587155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional hydration of sulfobetaine polymer brushes and their resistance toward nonspecific protein absorption allows for the construction of thin films with excellent antibiofouling properties. In this work, swollen sulfobetaine brushes, prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of two monomers, differentiated by the nature of the polymerizable group, are studied and compared by a liquid-cell atomic force microscopy technique and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Colloidal AFM-based force spectroscopy is employed to estimate brush grafting density and characterize nanomechanical properties in salt water. When the ionic strength-induced swelling behaviors of the two systems are compared, the differences observed on the antipolyelectrolyte response can be correlated with the stiffness variation on brush compression, likely to be promoted by solvation differences. The higher solvation of amide groups is proposed to be responsible for the lower adhesion force of the barnacle cyprid's temporary adhesive proteins. The adhesion results provide further insights into the antibiofouling activity against barnacle cyprid settlement attributed to polysulfobetaine brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Guo
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Robert Quintana
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
- Materials
Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg
Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marco Cirelli
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zi Siang Desmond Toa
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science,
Technology and Research), Innovis, #08-03, 2 Fusionpolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Vivek Arjunan Vasantha
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong
Island, Singapore 627833
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Jańczewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong
Island, Singapore 627833
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+
Institute for
Nanotechnology, Faculty Engineering Technology, Production Technology, and Physics of Interfaces
and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Leonardi AK, Ober CK. Polymer-Based Marine Antifouling and Fouling Release Surfaces: Strategies for Synthesis and Modification. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2019; 10:241-264. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In marine industries, the accumulation of organic matter and marine organisms on ship hulls and instruments limits performance, requiring frequent maintenance and increasing fuel costs. Current coatings technology to combat this biofouling relies heavily on the use of toxic, biocide-containing paints. These pose a serious threat to marine ecosystems, affecting both target and nontarget organisms. Innovation in the design of polymers offers an excellent platform for the development of alternatives, but the creation of a broad-spectrum, nontoxic material still poses quite a hurdle for researchers. Surface chemistry, physical properties, durability, and attachment scheme have been shown to play a vital role in the construction of a successful coating. This review explores why these characteristics are important and how recent research accounts for them in the design and synthesis of new environmentally benign antifouling and fouling release materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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28
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Koc J, Simovich T, Schönemann E, Chilkoti A, Gardner H, Swain GW, Hunsucker K, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Sediment challenge to promising ultra-low fouling hydrophilic surfaces in the marine environment. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:454-462. [PMID: 31088166 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1611790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic coatings exhibit ultra-low fouling properties in numerous laboratory experiments. In stark contrast, the antifouling effect of such coatings in vitro failed when performing field tests in the marine environment. The fouling release performance of nonionic and zwitterionic hydrophilic polymers was substantially reduced compared to the controlled laboratory environment. Microscopy and spectroscopy revealed that a large proportion of the accumulated material in field tests contains inorganic compounds and diatomaceous soil. Diatoms adhered to the accumulated material on the coating, but not to the pristine polymer. Simulating field tests in the laboratory using sediment samples collected from the test sites showed that incorporated sand and diatomaceous earth impairs the fouling release characteristics of the coatings. When exposed to marine sediment from multiple locations, particulate matter accumulated on these coatings and served as attachment points for diatom adhesion and enhanced fouling. Future developments of hydrophilic coatings should consider accumulated sediment and its potential impact on the antifouling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koc
- a Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Tomer Simovich
- a Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Eric Schönemann
- b Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- c Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - Harrison Gardner
- d Center for Corrosion & Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- d Center for Corrosion & Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - Kelli Hunsucker
- d Center for Corrosion & Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology , Melbourne , FL , USA
| | - André Laschewsky
- b Institute of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany
- e Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- a Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
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29
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Halvey AK, Macdonald B, Dhyani A, Tuteja A. Design of surfaces for controlling hard and soft fouling. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180266. [PMID: 30967072 PMCID: PMC6335287 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present a framework to guide the design of surfaces which are resistant to solid fouling, based on the modulus and length scale of the fouling material. Solid fouling is defined as the undesired attachment of solid contaminants including ice, clathrates, waxes, inorganic scale, polymers, proteins, dust and biological materials. We first provide an overview of the surface design approaches typically applied across the scope of solid fouling and explain how these disparate research efforts can be united to an extent under a single framework. We discuss how the elastic modulus and the operating length scale of a foulant determine its ability or inability to elastically deform surfaces. When surface deformation occurs, minimization of the substrate elastic modulus is critical for the facile de-bonding of a solid contaminant. Foulants with low modulus or small deposition sizes cannot deform an elastic bulk material and instead de-bond more readily from surfaces with chemistries that minimize their interfacial free energy or induce a particular repellant interaction with the foulant. Overall, we review reported surface design strategies for the reduction in solid fouling, and provide perspective regarding how our framework, together with the modulus and length scale of a foulant, can guide future antifouling surface designs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kate Halvey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian Macdonald
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abhishek Dhyani
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anish Tuteja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- BioInterfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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30
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Cheung DL, Lau KHA. Atomistic Study of Zwitterionic Peptoid Antifouling Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1483-1494. [PMID: 30142978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we study the molecular behavior and hydration properties of a set of zwitterionic "peptoid" brushes, grafted on a rutile surface, that has been previously reported to exhibit excellent resistance against protein adsorption and cell attachment. Peptoids are novel poly( N-substituted glycine) peptide mimics with the side chains attached to amide nitrogens. They constitute a unique model polymer system because hundreds of side chains have been demonstrated, and the exact chain length and sequence order of the residues/monomers may be specified in experiments. In this report, we vary the brush grafting density as well as the side chain/polymer molecular volume. We include in our study polysarcosine as an uncharged comparison with a small polymer chain cross-section. Sarcosine is the simplest peptoid residue with only a nominally hydrophobic methyl group as side chain, but is also reported to exhibit high antifouling performance. Overall, we show in detail how molecular volume and hydration effects are intertwined in a zwitterionic polymer brush. For example, the zwitterionic design significantly promotes extended chain conformations and could actually lower the overall electrostatic potential. Some properties promoted by the balanced charges, such as chain flexibility and hydration, increase more prominently at "low" to "intermediate" chain densities. These and other observations should provide insight on the molecular behavior of peptoids and inform the design of zwitterionic antifouling polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Cheung
- School of Chemistry , National University of Ireland Galway , Galway H91 TK33 , Ireland
| | - King Hang Aaron Lau
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL , United Kingdom
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31
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Koc J, Schönemann E, Amuthalingam A, Clarke J, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Low-Fouling Thin Hydrogel Coatings Made of Photo-Cross-Linked Polyzwitterions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1552-1562. [PMID: 30376714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although zwitterionic chemistries are among the most promising materials for producing nonfouling surfaces, their structural diversity has been low until now. Here, we compare the in vitro fouling behavior of a set of four systematically varied sulfa-/sulfobetaine-containing zwitterionic hydrogel coatings against a series of proteins and nonmotile as well as motile marine organisms as model foulers. The coatings are prepared by simultaneous photoinduced cross-linking and surface anchoring to elucidate the effect of the molecular structure of the zwitterionic moieties on their antifouling activity. Analogously prepared coatings of poly(butyl methacrylate) and poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) serve as references. Photoreactive polymers are synthesized by the statistical copolymerization of sulfobetaine or sulfabetaine methacrylates and methacrylamides with a benzophenone derivative of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and are applied as a thin film coating. While keeping the density of the zwitterionic and cross-linker groups constant, the molecular structure of the zwitterionic side chains is varied systematically, as is the arrangement of the ion pairs in the side chain by changing the classical linear geometry to a novel Y-shaped geometry. All of the polyzwitterions strongly reduce fouling compared to poly(butyl methacrylate). Overall, the sulfabetaine polyzwitterion coatings studied matches the high antifouling effectiveness of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based ones used as a control. Nevertheless, performances varied individually for a given pair of polymer and fouler. The case of the polysulfobetaines exemplifies that minor chemical changes in the polymer structure affect the antifouling performance markedly. Accordingly, the antifouling performance of such polymers cannot be correlated simply to the type of zwitterion used (which could be generally ranked as better performing or poorer performing) but is a result of the polymer's precise chemical structure. Our findings underline the need to enlarge the existing structural diversity of polyzwitterions for antifouling purposes to optimize the potential of their chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Eric Schönemann
- Department of Chemistry , University Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Ajitha Amuthalingam
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Jessica Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , United Kingdom
| | - Andre Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry , University Potsdam , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces , Ruhr University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
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32
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Mihara S, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi M. Intermolecular Interaction of Polymer Brushes Containing Phosphorylcholine and Inverse-Phosphorylcholine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1172-1180. [PMID: 30056718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Choline phosphate (CP) is a phosphobetaine-type zwitterionic functional group, referred to as inverse phosphorylcholine (PC) due to the reverse orientation of a positively charged quaternary amine and anionic phosphate in contrast to PC lipids in nature. The A unique dipole paring between CP and PC groups has attracted much attention in the biointerface research field. Herein, to evaluate the molecular interaction between the CP and PC groups in water, force-distance curve measurements using scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with a PC-group-functionalized cantilever was carried out on the surface of polymer brushes bearing the CP groups. Three types of methacrylate monomers bearing CP with ethyl (Et), methoxyethyl (MOE), and isopropyl (iPr) phosphates were synthesized in 42-71% yields, and polymerized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to form polymer brushes on silicon wafers. The surface free energy of CP-polymer brushes with Et, MOE, and iPr was estimated to be 64.0, 61.4, and 57.4 mN m-1, respectively, based on contact angle measurements. Force-distance curve measurements of polymer brushes having a CP group was conducted in water at 25 °C by SPM using a spherical probe produced by attaching a silica particle (SiP; d = 25 μm) covered with PC or CP groups to a tipless cantilever. Adhesion force larger than 14 nN was observed between the CP-polymer brushes and PC-SiP, whereas PC-polymer brushes revealed extremely low adhesion force of less than 0.6 nN with PC-SiP and propylsilane-modified SiP. The specific attractive molecular interaction between CP and PC groups was quantitatively evaluated.
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33
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Benbow NL, Webber JL, Pawliszak P, Sebben DA, Ho TTM, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Krasowska M, Beattie DA. A Novel Soft Contact Piezo-Controlled Liquid Cell for Probing Polymer Films under Confinement using Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17804. [PMID: 30546121 PMCID: PMC6292912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft polymer films, such as polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), are useful coatings in materials science. The properties of PEMs often rely on the degree of hydration, and therefore the study of these films in a hydrated state is critical to allow links to be drawn between their characteristics and performance in a particular application. In this work, we detail the development of a novel soft contact cell for studying hydrated PEMs (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) using FTIR microspectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy can interrogate the nature of the polymer film and the hydration water contained therein. In addition to reporting spectra obtained for hydrated films confined at the solid-solid interface, we also report traditional ATR FTIR spectra of the multilayer. The spectra (microspectroscopy and ATR FTIR) reveal that the PEM film build-up proceeds as expected based on the layer-by-layer assembly methodology, with increasing signals from the polymer FTIR peaks with increasing bilayer number. In addition, the spectra obtained using the soft contact cell indicate that the PEM film hydration water has an environment/degree of hydrogen bonding that is affected by the chemistry of the multilayer polymers, based on differences in the spectra obtained for the hydration water within the film compared to that of bulk electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Benbow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Jessie L Webber
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Piotr Pawliszak
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Damien A Sebben
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Tracey T M Ho
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Marta Krasowska
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.,School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - David A Beattie
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia. .,School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
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34
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Xu X, Billing M, Ruths M, Klok HA, Yu J. Structure and Functionality of Polyelectrolyte Brushes: A Surface Force Perspective. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3411-3436. [PMID: 30080310 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique functionality of polyelectrolyte brushes depends on several types of specific interactions, including solvent structure effects, hydrophobic forces, electrostatic interactions, and specific ion interactions. Subtle variations in the solution environment can lead to conformational and surface structural changes of the polyelectrolyte brushes, which are mainly discussed from a surface-interaction perspective in this Focus Review. A brief overview is given of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the structure of polyelectrolyte brushes in various environments. Two important techniques for surface-force measurements are described, the surface forces apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and some recent results on polyelectrolyte brushes are shown. Lastly, this Focus Review highlights the use of these surface-grafted polyelectrolyte brushes in the creation of functional surfaces for various applications, including nonfouling surfaces, boundary lubricants, and stimuli-responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Mark Billing
- Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marina Ruths
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Institut des Matériaux et Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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35
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36
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Yang Z, Zhang S, Tarabara VV, Bruening ML. Aqueous Swelling of Zwitterionic Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) Brushes in the Presence of Ionic Surfactants. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | | | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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37
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Wu JG, Wei SC, Chen Y, Chen JH, Luo SC. Critical Study of the Recognition between C-Reactive Protein and Surface-Immobilized Phosphorylcholine by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:943-951. [PMID: 29120646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker for cardiovascular disease, has been reported to have a strong affinity to zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (PC) groups in the presence of calcium ions. In addition, PC-immobilized surfaces have been used as a nonfouling coating to prevent nonspecific protein binding. By appropriately using the features of PC-immobilized surfaces, including specific recognition to CRP and nonfouling surface, it is reasonable to create an antibody-free biosensor for the specific capture of CRP. In this study, PC-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers were used to prepare PC-immobilized surfaces. The density of PC groups on the surface can be fine-tuned by changing the composition of the monomer solutions for the electropolymerization. The density of PC group was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific interaction of CRP with PC groups was monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The amount of protein binding could be estimated by the reduction in frequency readout. Through the QCM-D measurement, we revealed the nonfouling property and the specific CRP capture from our PC-immobilized surfaces. Notably, the dissipation energy also dropped during the binding process between CRP and PC, indicating the release of water molecules from the PC groups during CRP adsorption. We anticipate that surface-bound water molecules are mainly released from areas near the immobilized PC groups. Based on Hofmeister series, we further examined the influence of ions by introducing four different anions including both kosmotrope (order maker) and chaotrope (disorder maker) into the buffer for the CRP binding test. The results showed that the concentration and the type of anions play an important role in CRP binding. The present fundamental study reveals deep insights into the recognition between CRP and surface-immobilized PC groups, which can facilitate the development of CRP sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , No. 1 Jen Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Higaki Y, Kobayashi M, Hirai T, Takahara A. Direct polymer brush grafting to polymer fibers and films by surface-initiated polymerization. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Higaki Y, Inutsuka Y, Sakamaki T, Terayama Y, Takenaka A, Higaki K, Yamada NL, Moriwaki T, Ikemoto Y, Takahara A. Effect of Charged Group Spacer Length on Hydration State in Zwitterionic Poly(sulfobetaine) Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8404-8412. [PMID: 28737401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Effect of alkyl chain spacer length between the charged groups (CSL) in zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine) (PSB) brushes on the hydration state was investigated. PSB brushes with ethyl (PMAES), propyl (PMAPS), or butyl (PMABS) CSL were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on silicon wafers. Hydration states of the PSB brushes in aqueous solutions and/or humid vapor were investigated by contact angle measurement, infrared spectroscopy, AFM observation, and neutron reflectivity. The PSB brushes are swollen in humid air and deionized water due to the hydration of the charged groups leading to the reduction of hydrated PSB brushes/water interfacial free energy. The hydrated PSB brushes exhibit clear interface with low interfacial roughness due to networking of the PSB brush chains through association of the SBs. The hydrated PSB brushes produce diffusive swollen layer in the presence of NaCl because of the charge screening followed by SB dissociation by the bound ions. The ionic strength sensitivity in the hydration got more significant with increasing the CSL in SBs because of the augmentation in partial charge by charged group separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higaki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, CE80, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inutsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Sakamaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Terayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ai Takenaka
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, CE80, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiko Higaki
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Neutron Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8 , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikemoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8 , 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, CE80, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ishihara K, Mu M, Konno T, Inoue Y, Fukazawa K. The unique hydration state of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:884-899. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1298278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mingwei Mu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Inoue
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hildebrand V, Laschewsky A, Päch M, Müller-Buschbaum P, Papadakis CM. Effect of the zwitterion structure on the thermo-responsive behaviour of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylates). Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the thermo-responsive behaviour of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylates) whereby small structural changes cause big effects but show little logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hildebrand
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP
| | | | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Physik-Department
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
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Murakami D, Kobayashi M, Higaki Y, Jinnai H, Takahara A. Swollen structure and electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolyte brush in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Higaki Y, Kobayashi M, Murakami D, Takahara A. Anti-fouling behavior of polymer brush immobilized surfaces. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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