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Oliveira WR, Rigo CP, Ferreira ARO, Ribeiro MVG, Perres MNC, Palma-Rigo K. Precocious evaluation of cardiovascular risk and its correlation with perinatal condition. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201702. [PMID: 37377255 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease is the main cause of worldwide death. This profile is potentialized by the increased severity of infections in people with obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Children and adolescents are target groups for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept points that perinatal conditions are an important risk factor to development of non-communicable disease in adulthood. In this context, the present review identifies perinatal factor that induces precocious cardiovascular risk factors, related with cardiometabolic syndrome. The low or high birth weight and caesarean delivery are risk factors that induce increased occurrence of cardiovascular risk biomarkers in children and adolescents, while the breast feeding or feeding with breast milk from the birth until two years-old is a protector strategy. Evaluation of perinatal conditions associated with precocious identification of cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents is an efficient strategy to prevent and control cardiovascular mortality; through interventions, as lifestyle changes during vulnerable windows of development, able to set up the risk to cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson R Oliveira
- Faculdade Adventista Paranaense, PR-317, Km 119, Gleba, Rua Paiçandu, Lote 80, Zona Rural, 87130-000 Ivatuba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleusa P Rigo
- Centro Universitário Filadélfia, Rua Alagoas, 2050, Centro, 86010-520 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Anna R O Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara V G Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria N C Perres
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Faculdade Adventista Paranaense, PR-317, Km 119, Gleba, Rua Paiçandu, Lote 80, Zona Rural, 87130-000 Ivatuba, PR, Brazil
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Demographic and anthropometric characteristics and their effect on the concentration of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, chromium, zinc) in children and adolescents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13621. [PMID: 36846698 PMCID: PMC9950940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomonitoring is a well-established method for assessing people's exposure to contaminants in the environment. Many non-communicable diseases can be prevented or aggravated by physiologically monitoring heavy metals in biological matrices such as urine, evaluating their association with non-communicable diseases, and attempting to limit exposure to them. The focus of this research was to determine the association between potentially toxic elements (PTE) such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) urine concentrations and anthropometric indices and demographic data in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Kerman, Iran. Methods 106 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Kerman were randomly selected. A questionnaire was used to acquire demographic information from the participants' parents. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were all assessed, as well as body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-score. Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) was used to quantify As, Pb, Cr, and Zn concentrations in participants' urine. Results The geometric mean concentrations were As (38.72 ± 39.30), Pb (19.58 ± 22.91), Cr (1.06 ± 0.28), and Zn (344.72 ± 288.16) μg/creatinine. Boys aged 12-18 years old had higher mean concentration of As than boys aged 6-11 years old (p = 0.019) according to two measurement standards, μg/L, and μg/creatinine, whereas girls had no significant difference. In general, there was a strong association between parental education and metal concentrations of As, Pb, and Cr. As, Pb, and Zn (μg/creatinine) had a significant positive association with BMI z-score and BMI. As, Pb, and Zn metals were shown to have a substantial positive association (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of an association between the metals evaluated and WC. Conclusions The findings of this study generally showed that there was a significant association between demographic characteristics and exposure to these metals in children and adolescents, indicating that these people were exposed to these metals, which can harm their health. As a result, the pathways of exposure to metals must be limited.
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O'Connor M, Spry E, Patton G, Moreno-Betancur M, Arnup S, Downes M, Goldfeld S, Burgner D, Olsson CA. Better together: Advancing life course research through multi-cohort analytic approaches. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2022; 53:100499. [PMID: 36652217 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal cohorts can provide timely and cost-efficient evidence about the best points of health service and preventive interventions over the life course. Working systematically across cohorts has the potential to further exploit these valuable data assets, such as by improving the precision of estimates, enhancing (or appropriately reducing) confidence in the replicability of findings, and investigating interrelated questions within a broader theoretical model. In this conceptual review, we explore the opportunities and challenges presented by multi-cohort approaches in life course research. Specifically, we: 1) describe key motivations for multi-cohort work and the analytic approaches that are commonly used in each case; 2) flag some of the scientific and pragmatic challenges that arise when adopting these approaches; and 3) outline emerging directions for multi-cohort work in life course research. Harnessing their potential while thoughtfully considering limitations of multi-cohort approaches can contribute to the robust and granular evidence base needed to promote health and wellbeing over the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith O'Connor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah Arnup
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marnie Downes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Centre for Community Child Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of General Medicine, Parkville, Australia; Monash University, Department of Pediatrics, Clayton, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Parkville, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
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Measurement of Urinary Triclocarban and 2,4-Dichlorophenol Concentration and Their Relationship with Obesity and Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Children and Adolescents in Kerman, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:2939022. [PMID: 35096073 PMCID: PMC8794682 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2939022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) at an early age can lead to chronic diseases. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and Triclocarban (TCC) are among EDCs that disrupt the endocrine system and alter the body's metabolism. In the present study, the hypothesis that exposure to 2,4-DCP and TCC affects obesity and predictors of cardiovascular diseases was investigated. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL (tests were performed on 79 children and adolescents. Also, blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), and BMI z-score were measured to examine the hypothesis. Urinary concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Mean concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP (µg/L) were higher in obese individuals (5.50 ± 2.35, 0.29 ± 0.13, respectively). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the results showed an increase in TCC concentration among girls and a decrease in 2,4-DCP among boys with increasing age. The 2,4-DCP concentration among girls increased by 0.007 and 0.01 units with a one-unit increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and FBS, respectively. There was a significant relationship between TCC and TG (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.02,
-value = 0.007), LDL (OR = 1.05,
-value = 0.003), and HDL (OR = 0.88,
-value = 0.002). There was also a significant relationship between 2,4-DCP and TG (OR = 1.02,
-value = 0.002), LDL (OR = 1.12,
-value = 0.007), and HDL (OR = 0.92,
-value = 0.02). Exposure to TCC and 2,4-DCP can increase some heart risk factors and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. However, to confirm the results of the present study, it is necessary to conduct further studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, with a larger sample size to examine the causal relationships.
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Svoboda LK, Ishikawa T, Dolinoy DC. Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac017. [PMID: 36325489 PMCID: PMC9600458 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial strides in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the leading cause of death in the USA and around the world, resulting in significant morbidity and loss of productive years of life. It is increasingly evident that environmental exposures during early development can influence CVD risk across the life course. CVDs exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, but how sex interacts with environmental exposures to affect cardiovascular health is a critical and understudied area of environmental health. Emerging evidence suggests that developmental exposures may have multi- and transgenerational effects on cardiovascular health, with potential sex differences; however, further research in this important area is urgently needed. Lead (Pb), phthalate plasticizers, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with numerous adverse human health effects. Notably, recent evidence suggests that developmental exposure to each of these toxicants has sex-specific effects on cardiovascular outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms, and their effects on future generations, require further investigation. This review article will highlight the role for the developmental environment in influencing cardiovascular health across generations, with a particular emphasis on sex differences and epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, we will focus on the current evidence for adverse multi and transgenerational effects of developmental exposures to Pb, phthalates, and PFAS and highlight areas where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- *Correspondence address. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Tel: +734-764-2032; E-mail:
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Environmental Alterations during Embryonic Development: Studying the Impact of Stressors on Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101564. [PMID: 34680959 PMCID: PMC8536136 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) sauch as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are rising rapidly in all countries world-wide. Environmental maternal factors (e.g., diet, oxidative stress, drugs and many others), maternal illnesses and other stressors can predispose the newborn to develop diseases during different stages of life. The connection between environmental factors and NCDs was formulated by David Barker and colleagues as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. In this review, we describe the DOHaD concept and the effects of several environmental stressors on the health of the progeny, providing both animal and human evidence. We focus on cardiovascular diseases which represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this review is to discuss how in vitro studies with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESC, iPSC), can underpin the research on non-genetic heart conditions. The PSCs could provide a tool to recapitulate aspects of embryonic development “in a dish”, studying the effects of environmental exposure during cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and maturation, establishing a link to molecular mechanism and epigenetics.
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Epigenetic Alterations in Pediatric Sleep Apnea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179523. [PMID: 34502428 PMCID: PMC8430725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea has significant negative effects on health and behavior in childhood including depression, failure to thrive, neurocognitive impairment, and behavioral issues. It is strongly associated with an increased risk for chronic adult disease such as obesity and diabetes, accelerated atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-onset non-communicable diseases may originate from early life through a process by which an insult applied at a critical developmental window causes long-term effects on the structure or function of an organism. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of adult disease susceptibility. Epigenetic mechanisms that influence adaptive variability include histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation. This review will highlight what is currently known about the phenotypic associations of epigenetic modifications in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and will emphasize the importance of epigenetic changes as both modulators of chronic disease and potential therapeutic targets.
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The fetal origins of disease: a prospective cohort study on the association of preeclampsia and childhood obesity. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:68-74. [PMID: 33650483 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide, and childhood excess weight/obesity are strong correlators of accumulated risk in later life. A relationship between maternal preeclampsia and offspring's childhood obesity is recognized, but most studies fail to control for strong confounders. Our goal is to analyze the association between preeclampsia and childhood excess weight/obesity, after accounting for important confounders. We recruited 5133 women with singleton pregnancies during admission for delivery. Sixty-seven pregnancies were complicated by preeclampsia. Maternal and children outcomes were assessed at 10 years of age. We analyzed the association between preeclampsia and childhood excess weight/obesity by fitting a linear regression model (using offspring body mass index (BMI) z-score at 10 years of age) and a logistic regression model (using excess weight/obesity status). We then controlled both models for known confounders, namely maternal prepregnancy BMI, parity, and smoking during pregnancy. At 10 years of age, offspring of preeclamptic mothers had a higher BMI z-score and were more likely classified as overweight/obese, but these differences were not statistically significant. After controlling for maternal prepregnancy BMI, parity, and smoking during pregnancy, there was a high magnitude change in the beta coefficient of preeclampsia in the linear (0.175; -0.014) and the logistic regression models (1.48; 1.23) suggesting that the association between preeclampsia and childhood excess weigh/obesity is significantly confounded by these variables. These confounders also showed a significant association with childhood obesity. This finding suggests that in utero exposure to preeclampsia seems to have less impact in childhood obesity than the previously described confounders.
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Abstract
In recent years, a new focus of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis has emerged examining the potential role that paternal health may play in embryo development, fetal growth and long-term offspring health. While the association between male health and sperm quality has been studied in detail, our understanding of the long-term paternal effects on offspring health remains limited. As with studies aimed at understanding maternal programming, animal models are an essential tool with which to define the underlying mechanisms linking paternal health to post-fertilisation development and offspring well-being. Here, new insights into the genetic and epigenetic nature of the sperm, as well as the role seminal plasma plays in modulating the maternal reproductive environment, are demonstrating the significant role a father's wellbeing at the time of conception has for programming the health of his offspring. In this article we will outline the current understanding of the impact of male health on semen quality, reproductive fitness and post-fertilisation offspring development and explore the mechanisms underlying the paternal programming of offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Watkins
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Eleonora Rubini
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elizabeth D Hosier
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hannah L Morgan
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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da Silva Francisco Junior R, Dos Santos Ferreira C, Santos E Silva JC, Terra Machado D, Côrtes Martins Y, Ramos V, Simões Carnivali G, Garcia AB, Medina-Acosta E. Pervasive Inter-Individual Variation in Allele-Specific Expression in Monozygotic Twins. Front Genet 2019; 10:1178. [PMID: 31850058 PMCID: PMC6887657 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being developed from one zygote, heterokaryotypic monozygotic (MZ) co-twins exhibit discordant karyotypes. Epigenomic studies in biological samples from heterokaryotypic MZ co-twins are of the most significant value for assessing the effects on gene- and allele-specific expression of an extranumerary chromosomal copy or structural chromosomal disparities in otherwise nearly identical germline genetic contributions. Here, we use RNA-Seq data from existing repositories to establish within-pair correlations for the breadth and magnitude of allele-specific expression (ASE) in heterokaryotypic MZ co-twins discordant for trisomy 21 and maternal 21q inheritance, as well as homokaryotypic co-twins. We show that there is a genome-wide disparity at ASE sites between the heterokaryotypic MZ co-twins. Although most of the disparity corresponds to changes in the magnitude of biallelic imbalance, ASE sites switching from either strictly monoallelic to biallelic imbalance or the reverse occur in few genes that are known or predicted to be imprinted, subject to X-chromosome inactivation or A-to-I(G) RNA edited. We also uncovered comparable ASE differences between homokaryotypic MZ twins. The extent of ASE discordance in MZ twins (2.7%) was about 10-fold lower than the expected between pairs of unrelated, non-twin males or females. The results indicate that the observed within-pair dissimilarities in breadth and magnitude of ASE sites in the heterokaryotypic MZ co-twins could not solely be attributable to the aneuploidy and the missing allelic heritability at 21q.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlo Santos E Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Douglas Terra Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Yasmmin Côrtes Martins
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Victor Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Simões Carnivali
- Department of Computational Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Garcia
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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Benschop L, Schalekamp-Timmermans S, Roeters van Lennep JE, Jaddoe VWV, Steegers EAP, Ikram MK. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Track From Mother to Child. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009536. [PMID: 30371323 PMCID: PMC6404879 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular risk factors can track from mother to child by several pathways: pregnancy complications, genetic inheritance, and shared environmental risk factors after pregnancy. The degree of tracking, and to which extent this is influenced by these pathways, is unknown. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors track from mother to child regardless of pregnancy complications and environmental risk factors. We determined the degree of tracking between maternal and offspring micro‐ and macrovascular cardiovascular risk factors after pregnancy and the extent to which this is influenced by pregnancy complications and shared environmental risk factors. Methods and Results We included 5624 mother‐offspring pairs from The Generation R Study, an ongoing prospective, population‐based birth cohort. Information on pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, small for gestational age, and preterm birth) was obtained through hospital charts. Mother‐offspring associations were assessed 6 years after pregnancy (central retinal arteriolar and venular calibers, body mass index, blood pressure, left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, left ventricular mass, fractional shortening, and pulse wave velocity) and 9 years after pregnancy (body mass index and blood pressure). We observed that worse cardiovascular parameters in mothers were associated with worse cardiovascular parameters in their offspring 6 and 9 years after pregnancy (P<0.001). Results were similar when mother‐offspring pairs with a previous pregnancy complication were excluded. Conclusions Six and 9 years after pregnancy, an adverse cardiovascular profile in mothers is strongly associated with an adverse cardiovascular profile in their offspring. Results were not attenuated by environmental exposures or a previous pregnancy complication. This supports the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk factors (micro‐ and macrovascular) track from mother to child, regardless of the course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benschop
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 3 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,4 Department of Pediatrics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- 3 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands.,5 Department of Neurology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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12
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Smail HO. The epigenetics of diabetes, obesity, overweight and cardiovascular disease. AIMS GENETICS 2019; 6:36-45. [PMID: 31663031 PMCID: PMC6803788 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2019.3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this review were once to understand the roles of the epigenetics mechanism in different types of diabetes, obesity, overweight, and cardiovascular disease. Epigenetics represents a phenomenon of change heritable phenotypic expression of genetic records taking place except changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications can have an impact on a whole of metabolic disease with the aid of specific alteration of candidate genes based totally on the change of the target genes. In this review, I summarized the new findings in DNA methylation, histone modifications in each type of diabetes (type 1 and type 2), obesity, overweight, and cardiovascular disease. The involvement of histone alterations and DNA methylation in the development of metabolic diseases is now widely accepted recently many novel genes have been demonstrated that has roles in diabetes pathway and it can be used for detection prediabetic; however Over the modern-day years, mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques positioned and mapped one-of a kind range of histone modifications linking obesity and metabolic diseases. The main point of these changes is rapidly growing; however, their points and roles in obesity are no longer properly understood in obesity. Furthermore, epigenetic seen in cardiovascular treatment revealed a massive quantity of modifications affecting the improvement and development of cardiovascular disease. In addition, epigenetics are moreover involved in cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking. The aberrant epigenetic mechanisms that make a contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harem Othman Smail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of science and health, Koya University Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region-F.R. Iraq
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13
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Daniels SR, Pratt CA, Hollister EB, Labarthe D, Cohen DA, Walker JR, Beech BM, Balagopal PB, Beebe DW, Gillman MW, Goodrich JM, Jaquish C, Kit B, Miller AL, Olds D, Oken E, Rajakumar K, Sherwood NE, Spruijt-Metz D, Steinberger J, Suglia SF, Teitelbaum SL, Urbina EM, Van Horn L, Ward D, Young ME. Promoting Cardiovascular Health in Early Childhood and Transitions in Childhood through Adolescence: A Workshop Report. J Pediatr 2019; 209:240-251.e1. [PMID: 30904171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Charlotte A Pratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Emily B Hollister
- Department of Information Technology & Analytics, Diversigen, Inc, Houston, TX
| | - Darwin Labarthe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jenelle R Walker
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Pediatrics and Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, MS
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cashell Jaquish
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian Kit
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David Olds
- Prevention Research Center for Family and Child Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Inc, Wellesley, MA
| | - Kumaravel Rajakumar
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nancy E Sherwood
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dianne Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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14
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Li M, Wang X, Deng M, Zhai X, Liu J. Gut microbiota might be a crucial factor in deciphering the metabolic benefits of perinatal genistein consumption in dams and adult female offspring. Food Funct 2019; 10:4505-4521. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal genistein intake mitigated the harmful effects of high-fat diet on metabolism in both dams and female offspring, and the protective effects were associated with the alterations in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology
- Translational Medicine Center
- Ministry of Health
- Department of Endocrinology
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
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15
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Cox LA, Olivier M, Spradling-Reeves K, Karere GM, Comuzzie AG, VandeBerg JL. Nonhuman Primates and Translational Research-Cardiovascular Disease. ILAR J 2018; 58:235-250. [PMID: 28985395 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Human epidemiological studies provide challenges for understanding mechanisms that regulate initiation and progression of CVD due to variation in lifestyle, diet, and other environmental factors. Studies describing metabolic and physiologic aspects of CVD, and those investigating genetic and epigenetic mechanisms influencing CVD initiation and progression, have been conducted in multiple Old World nonhuman primate (NHP) species. Major advantages of NHPs as models for understanding CVD are their genetic, metabolic, and physiologic similarities with humans, and the ability to control diet, environment, and breeding. These NHP species are also genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, providing opportunities to study gene by environment interactions that are not feasible in inbred animal models. Each Old World NHP species included in this review brings unique strengths as models to better understand human CVD. All develop CVD without genetic manipulation providing multiple models to discover genetic variants that influence CVD risk. In addition, as each of these NHP species age, their age-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia and diabetes are accelerated proportionally 3 to 4 times faster than in humans.In this review, we discuss current CVD-related research in NHPs focusing on selected aspects of CVD for which nonprimate model organism studies have left gaps in our understanding of human disease. We include studies on current knowledge of genetics, epigenetics, calorie restriction, maternal calorie restriction and offspring health, maternal obesity and offspring health, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis, Chagas disease, microbiome, stem cells, and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Genesio M Karere
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John L VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, Texas
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16
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Huang JV, Cardenas A, Colicino E, Schooling CM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Agha G, Zheng Y, Hou L, Just AC, Litonjua AA, DeMeo DL, Lin X, Oken E, Hivert MF, Baccarelli AA. DNA methylation in blood as a mediator of the association of mid-childhood body mass index with cardio-metabolic risk score in early adolescence. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1072-1087. [PMID: 30412002 PMCID: PMC6342073 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1543503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with higher cardio-metabolic risk even in childhood and adolescence; whether this association is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms remains unclear. We examined the extent to which mid-childhood body mass index (BMI) z-score (median age 7.7 years) was associated with cardio-metabolic risk score in early adolescence (median age 12.9 years) via mid-childhood DNA methylation among 265 children in the Project Viva. We measured DNA methylation in leukocytes using the Infinium Human Methylation450K BeadChip. We assessed mediation CpG-by-CpG using epigenome-wide association analyses, high-dimensional mediation analysis, and natural effect models. We observed mediation by mid-childhood DNA methylation at 6 CpGs for the association between mid-childhood BMI z-score and cardio-metabolic risk score in early adolescence in the high-dimensional mediation analysis (accounting for 10% of the total effect) and in the natural effect model (β = 0.04, P = 3.2e-2, accounting for 13% of the total effect). The natural direct effect of BMI z-score on cardio-metabolic risk score was still evident (β = 0.27, P = 1.1e-25). We also observed mediation by mid-childhood DNA methylation at 5 CpGs that was in the opposite direction from the total effect (natural effect model: β = -0.04, P = 2.0e-2). Mediation in different directions implies a complex role of DNA methylation in the association between BMI and cardio-metabolic risk and needs further investigation. Future studies with larger sample size and greater variability in cardio-metabolic risk will further help elucidate the role of DNA methylation for cardio-metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian V. Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, NY, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Golareh Agha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, NY, NY, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, NY, NY, USA
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present a current perspective of epigenetic alterations that can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of dietary factors to counteract their actions. In addition, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of dietary treatments as epigenetic modifiers for disease prevention and therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent epigenome-wide association studies along with candidate gene approaches and functional studies in cell culture and animal models have delineated mechanisms through which nutrients, food compounds and dietary patterns may affect the epigenome. Several risk factors for CVD, including adiposity, inflammation and oxidative stress, have been associated with changes in histone acetylation, lower global DNA methylation levels and shorter telomere length. A surplus of macronutrients such as in a high-fat diet or deficiencies of specific nutrients such as folate and other B-vitamins can affect the activity of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes, affecting foetal growth, glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) or epigallocatechin may activate deacetylases Sirtuins (SIRTs), histone deacetylases or acetyltransferases and in turn the response of inflammatory mediators. Adherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been associated with altered methylation and expression of genes related to inflammation and immuno-competence. SUMMARY The mechanisms through which nutrients and dietary patterns may alter the cardiovascular epigenome remain elusive. The research challenge is to determine which of these nutriepigenetic effects are reversible, so that novel findings translate into effective dietary interventions to prevent CVD or its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London (UCL), UK
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, UK
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18
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Kuo AH, Li J, Li C, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Poor perinatal growth impairs baboon aortic windkessel function. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:137-142. [PMID: 29017630 PMCID: PMC5922776 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174417000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the aorta to buffer blood flow and provide diastolic perfusion (Windkessel function) is a determinant of cardiovascular health. We have reported cardiac dysfunction indicating downstream vascular abnormalities in young adult baboons who were intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) at birth as a result of moderate maternal nutrient reduction. Using 3 T MRI, we examined IUGR offspring (eight male, eight female; 5.7 years; human equivalent 25 years) and age-matched controls (eight male, eight female; 5.6 years) to quantify distal descending aortic cross-section (AC) and distensibility (AD). ANOVA showed decreased IUGR AC/body surface area (0.9±0.05 cm2/m2 v. 1.2±0.06 cm2/m2, M±s.e.m., P<0.005) and AD (1.7±0.2 v. 4.0±0.5×10-3/mmHg, P<0.005) without sex difference or group-sex interaction, suggesting intrinsic vascular pathology and impaired development persisting in adulthood. Future studies should evaluate potential consequences of these changes on coronary perfusion, afterload and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Kuo
- 1Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,San Antonio,TX,USA
| | - J Li
- 2Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan,China
| | - C Li
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - H F Huber
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - P W Nathanielsz
- 3Department of Animal Science,University of Wyoming,Laramie,Wyoming
| | - G D Clarke
- 1Department of Radiology and Research Imaging Institute,University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,San Antonio,TX,USA
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19
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DNA-Methylation and Body Composition in Preschool Children: Epigenome-Wide-Analysis in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP)-Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14349. [PMID: 29084944 PMCID: PMC5662763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity and obesity result from the interaction of genetic variation and environmental factors from very early in life, possibly mediated by epigenetic processes. Few Epigenome-Wide-Association-Studies have identified DNA-methylation (DNAm) signatures associated with BMI and body composition in children. Body composition by Bio-Impedance-Analysis and genome-wide DNAm in whole blood were assessed in 374 pre-school children from four European countries. Associations were tested by linear regression adjusted for sex, age, centre, education, 6 WBC-proportions according to Houseman and 30 principal components derived from control probes. Specific DNAm variants were identified to be associated with BMI (212), fat-mass (230), fat-free-mass (120), fat-mass-index (24) and fat-free-mass-index (15). Probes in genes SNED1(IRE-BP1), KLHL6, WDR51A(POC1A), CYTH4-ELFN2, CFLAR, PRDM14, SOS1, ZNF643(ZFP69B), ST6GAL1, C3orf70, CILP2, MLLT4 and ncRNA LOC101929268 remained significantly associated after Bonferroni-correction of P-values. We provide novel evidence linking DNAm with (i) altered lipid and glucose metabolism, (ii) diabetes and (iii) body size and composition in children. Both common and specific epigenetic signatures among measures were also revealed. The causal direction with phenotypic measures and stability of DNAm variants throughout the life course remains unclear and longitudinal analysis in other populations is required. These findings give support for potential epigenetic programming of body composition and obesity.
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20
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Gošev I, Zeljko M, Đurić Ž, Nikolić I, Gošev M, Ivčević S, Bešić D, Legčević Z, Paić F. Epigenome alterations in aortic valve stenosis and its related left ventricular hypertrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:106. [PMID: 29026447 PMCID: PMC5627415 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common cardiac valve disease, and with current trends in the population demographics, its prevalence is likely to rise, thus posing a major health and economic burden facing the worldwide societies. Over the past decade, it has become more than clear that our traditional genetic views do not sufficiently explain the well-known link between AS, proatherogenic risk factors, flow-induced mechanical forces, and disease-prone environmental influences. Recent breakthroughs in the field of epigenetics offer us a new perspective on gene regulation, which has broadened our perspective on etiology of aortic stenosis and other aortic valve diseases. Since all known epigenetic marks are potentially reversible this perspective is especially exciting given the potential for development of successful and non-invasive therapeutic intervention and reprogramming of cells at the epigenetic level even in the early stages of disease progression. This review will examine the known relationships between four major epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modification, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, and non-coding regulatory RNAs, and initiation and progression of AS. Numerous profiling and functional studies indicate that they could contribute to endothelial dysfunctions, disease-prone activation of monocyte-macrophage and circulatory osteoprogenitor cells and activation and osteogenic transdifferentiation of aortic valve interstitial cells, thus leading to valvular inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification, and to pressure overload-induced maladaptive myocardial remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy. This is especcialy the case for small non-coding microRNAs but was also, although in a smaller scale, convincingly demonstrated for other members of cellular epigenome landscape. Equally important, and clinically most relevant, the reported data indicate that epigenetic marks, particularly certain microRNA signatures, could represent useful non-invasive biomarkers that reflect the disease progression and patients prognosis for recovery after the valve replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Gošev
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Martina Zeljko
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zajćeva 19, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Đurić
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Nikolić
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Milorad Gošev
- School of Medicine, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Trg Svetog trojstva 3, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Ivčević
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Bešić
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Legčević
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Frane Paić
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Noël A, Xiao R, Perveen Z, Zaman H, Le Donne V, Penn A. Sex-specific lung functional changes in adult mice exposed only to second-hand smoke in utero. Respir Res 2017. [PMID: 28651580 PMCID: PMC5485620 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have associated exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy with adverse outcomes in newborns. As we have previously shown in mice, in utero exposure to SHS at critical stages of fetal development, results in altered lung responses and increased disease susceptibility upon re-exposure to irritants (SHS or ovalbumin) in adulthood. In this study, we asked whether the in utero SHS exposure alone is sufficient to alter lung structure and function in adult mice. Methods Pregnant BALB/c mice were exposed from days 6 to 19 of pregnancy to 10 mg/m3 of SHS or HEPA-filtered air. Male and female offspring (n = 13–15/group) were sacrificed at 15 weeks of age. We measured lung function with non-invasive and invasive methods, performed lung morphometric analysis on trichrome-stained lung tissue samples, and assessed lung gene expression via RNA sequencing and protein assays. Results In utero SHS exposure significantly increased mean linear intercept and decreased the surface area per unit volume of the lungs in both males and females, indicating perturbation in alveolar developmental processes. Tidal volume, minute volume and inspiratory capacity were significantly decreased compared with the controls only in male mice exposed in utero to SHS, suggesting that males are more sensitive than females to an SHS insult during lung development. This also suggests that in our model, lung structure changes may be necessary but are not sufficient to impair lung function. SERPINA1A, the mouse ortholog of human α1-antitrypsin, deficiency of which is a known genetic risk factor for emphysema, was down-regulated at the protein level in the in utero SHS-exposed mice. Additionally, DNMT3A protein expression was dysregulated, indicating that DNA methylation occurred in the lungs. Conclusions Our results indicate that in utero SHS exposure alone alters both lung function and structure well into adulthood (15 weeks) in male mice. Furthermore, lung function alterations in this model are sex-specific, with males being more susceptible to in utero SHS effects. Overall, our data suggest that in utero SHS exposure alone can predispose to adult lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Zakia Perveen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Hasan Zaman
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA
| | - Viviana Le Donne
- Translational Medicine and Comparative Pathobiology, R&D Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Park Road, Ware, SG12 ODP, UK
| | - Arthur Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA.
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22
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Kelly GM, Gatie MI. Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3684178. [PMID: 28373885 PMCID: PMC5360977 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to focus on the components involved in the gene regulation of stemness and differentiation. As the name implies, ECCs are malignant in nature, yet maintain the ability to differentiate into the 3 germ layers and extraembryonic tissues, as well as behave normally when reintroduced into a healthy blastocyst. Retinoic acid signaling has been thoroughly interrogated in ECCs, especially in the F9 and P19 murine cell models, and while we have touched on this aspect, this review purposely highlights how some key transcription factors regulate pluripotency and cell stemness prior to this signaling. Another major focus is on the epigenetic regulation of ECCs and stem cells, and, towards that end, this review closes on what we see as a new frontier in combating aging and human disease, namely, how cellular metabolism shapes the epigenetic landscape and hence the pluripotency of all stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed I. Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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23
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Tain YL, Huang LT, Hsu CN. Developmental Programming of Adult Disease: Reprogramming by Melatonin? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020426. [PMID: 28212315 PMCID: PMC5343960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can originate from early life through so-called the "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) or "developmental programming". The DOHaD concept offers the "reprogramming" strategy to shift the treatment from adulthood to early life, before clinical disease is apparent. Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine produced by the pineal gland, has pleiotropic bioactivities those are beneficial in a variety of human diseases. Emerging evidence support that melatonin is closely inter-related to other proposed mechanisms contributing to the developmental programming of a variety of chronic NCDs. Recent animal studies have begun to unravel the multifunctional roles of melatonin in many experimental models of developmental programming. Even though some progress has been made in research on melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent DOHaD-related NCDs, future human studies should aim at filling the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials. Here, we review several key themes on the reprogramming effects of melatonin in DOHaD research. We have particularly focused on the following areas: mechanisms of developmental programming; the interrelationship between melatonin and mechanisms underlying developmental programming; pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy and fetal development; and insight provided by animal models to support melatonin as a reprogramming therapy. Rates of NCDs are increasing faster than anticipated all over the world. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin and to translate experimental research into clinical practice for halting a growing list of DOHaD-related NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 244, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Kuo AH, Li C, Li J, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD. Cardiac remodelling in a baboon model of intrauterine growth restriction mimics accelerated ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:1093-1110. [PMID: 27988927 PMCID: PMC5309359 DOI: 10.1113/jp272908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Rodent models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) successfully identify mechanisms that can lead to short-term and long-term detrimental cardiomyopathies but differences between rodent and human cardiac physiology and placental-fetal development indicate a need for models in precocial species for translation to human development. We developed a baboon model for IUGR studies using a moderate 30% global calorie restriction of pregnant mothers and used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate offspring heart function in early adulthood. Impaired diastolic and systolic cardiac function was observed in IUGR offspring with differences between male and female subjects, compared to their respective controls. Aspects of cardiac impairment found in the IUGR offspring were similar to those found in normal controls in a geriatric cohort. Understanding early cardiac biomarkers of IUGR using non-invasive imaging in this susceptible population, especially taking into account sexual dimorphisms, will aid recognition of the clinical presentation, development of biomarkers suitable for use in humans and management of treatment strategies. ABSTRACT Extensive rodent studies have shown that reduced perinatal nutrition programmes chronic cardiovascular disease. To enable translation to humans, we developed baboon offspring cohorts from mothers fed ad libitum (control) or 70% of the control ad libitum diet in pregnancy and lactation, which were growth restricted at birth. We hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) offspring hearts would show impaired function and a premature ageing phenotype. We studied IUGR baboons (8 male, 8 female, 5.7 years), control offspring (8 male, 8 female, 5.6 years - human equivalent approximately 25 years), and normal elderly (OLD) baboons (6 male, 6 female, mean 15.9 years). Left ventricular (LV) morphology and systolic and diastolic function were evaluated with cardiac MRI and normalized to body surface area. Two-way ANOVA by group and sex (with P < 0.05) indicated ejection fraction, 3D sphericity indices, cardiac index, normalized systolic volume, normalized LV wall thickness, and average filling rate differed by group. Group and sex differences were found for normalized LV wall thickening and normalized myocardial mass, without interactions. Normalized peak LV filling rate and diastolic sphericity index were not correlated in control but strongly correlated in OLD and IUGR baboons. IUGR programming in baboons produces myocardial remodelling, reduces systolic and diastolic function, and results in the emergence of a premature ageing phenotype in the heart. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the specific characteristics of cardiac programming and early life functional decline with ageing in an IUGR non-human primate model. Further studies across the life span will determine progression of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H. Kuo
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
| | - Jinqi Li
- Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
- Southwest National Primate CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Geoffrey D. Clarke
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
- Research Imaging InstituteUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
- Southwest National Primate CenterSan AntonioTXUSA
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Ryder JR, Pankratz ND, Dengel DR, Pankow JS, Jacobs DR, Sinaiko AR, Gooty V, Steinberger J. Heritability of Vascular Structure and Function: A Parent-Child Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004757. [PMID: 28154165 PMCID: PMC5523771 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Understanding the heritable contribution of vascular measures, from parent to offspring, may aid in risk stratification and atherosclerosis prevention efforts. We hypothesized that measures of vascular structure and function would be heritable in this cohort of parents and their adolescent offspring. Methods and Results High‐resolution ultrasound scans of the brachial and carotid arteries were obtained in parents (n=558) and their offspring (n=369). Lumen diameter and flow‐mediated dilation were measured in the brachial artery. Intima‐media thickness, lumen diameter, incremental elastic modulus, diameter distensibility, and cross‐sectional distensibility were measured, and carotid cross‐sectional compliance was measured in the carotid artery. Carotid–radial pulse wave velocity was obtained using SphygmoCor®. Heritability analysis (h2, expressed as %) using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines was performed on the entire cohort and adjusted for age, sex, race, body–mass index, smoking, and mean arterial pressure. Data are presented as mean±SE. Measures of brachial artery diameter (h2=25±9%, P=0.001), lumen diameter (h2=55±9%, P<0.001), intima‐media thickness (h2=29±13%, P=0.014), diameter distensibility (h2=28±7%, P<0.001), cross‐sectional distensibility (h2=27±7%, P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity (h2=26±9%, P<0.001) were significantly heritable. Flow‐mediated dilation and incremental elastic modulus were not significantly heritable. Similar associations were observed in analysis restricted to siblings and complete Trios (mother, father, and child). Conclusions These data show that the majority of noninvasive measures of vascular structure and function are heritable, suggesting that measurement of these subclinical risk factors in parents may be helpful in assessing childhood risk for future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Ryder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nathan D Pankratz
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Donald R Dengel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN.,School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alan R Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vasu Gooty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Samanta S, Rajasingh S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Epigenetic dysfunctional diseases and therapy for infection and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:518-528. [PMID: 27919711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though the discovery of the term 'epigenetics' was in the 1940s, it has recently become one of the most promising and expanding fields to unravel the gene expression pattern in several diseases. The most well studied example is cancer, but other diseases like metabolic disorders, autism, or inflammation-associated diseases such as lung injury, autoimmune disease, asthma, and type-2 diabetes display aberrant gene expression and epigenetic regulation during their occurrence. The change in the epigenetic pattern of a gene may also alter gene function because of a change in the DNA status. Constant environmental pressure, lifestyle, as well as food habits are the other important parameters responsible for transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Discovery of epigenetic modifiers targeting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation enzymes could be an alternative source to treat or manipulate the pathogenesis of diseases. Particularly, the combination of epigenetic drugs such as 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and trichostatin A (TSA) are well studied to reduce inflammation in an acute lung injury model. It is important to understand the epigenetic machinery and the function of its components in specific diseases to develop targeted epigenetic therapy. Moreover, it is equally critical to know the specific inhibitors other than the widely used pan inhibitors in clinical trials and explore their roles in regulating specific genes in a more defined way during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Desiderio A, Spinelli R, Ciccarelli M, Nigro C, Miele C, Beguinot F, Raciti GA. Epigenetics: spotlight on type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1095-103. [PMID: 27180180 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are the major public health problems. Substantial efforts have been made to define loci and variants contributing to the individual risk of these disorders. However, the overall risk explained by genetic variation is very modest. Epigenetics is one of the fastest growing research areas in biomedicine as changes in the epigenome are involved in many biological processes, impact on the risk for several complex diseases including diabetes and may explain susceptibility. In this review, we focus on the role of DNA methylation in contributing to the risk of T2D and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desiderio
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - R Spinelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ciccarelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Nigro
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Miele
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Beguinot
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - G A Raciti
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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McAllister DA, Newby DE. Association between Impaired Lung Function and Cardiovascular Disease. Cause, Effect, or Force of Circumstance? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:3-5. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0167ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ferguson JF, Allayee H, Gerszten RE, Ideraabdullah F, Kris-Etherton PM, Ordovás JM, Rimm EB, Wang TJ, Bennett BJ. Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:291-313. [PMID: 27095829 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly linked to both genetic and nutritional factors. The field of nutrigenomics encompasses multiple approaches aimed at understanding the effects of diet on health or disease development, including nutrigenetic studies investigating the relationship between genetic variants and diet in modulating cardiometabolic risk, as well as the effects of dietary components on multiple "omic" measures, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetic modifications, and the microbiome. Here, we describe the current state of the field of nutrigenomics with respect to cardiometabolic disease research and outline a direction for the integration of multiple omics techniques in future nutrigenomic studies aimed at understanding mechanisms and developing new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic disease treatment and prevention.
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Lee JH, Lee H, Lee SM, Kang PJ, Kim KC, Hong YM. Changes of blood pressure, abdominal visceral fat tissue and gene expressions in fetal programming induced rat model after amlodipine-losartan combination treatment. Clin Hypertens 2016; 22:12. [PMID: 27051525 PMCID: PMC4820991 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-016-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are a number of complications that can occur if there is under-nutrition during pregnancy followed by a period of rapid catch-up growth, including a higher chance of adult obesity, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of fetal under-nutrition during late pregnancy and lactation on blood pressure, visceral fat tissue, gene expressions and to evaluate changes after amlodipine- losartan combination treatment. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: the control (C) group, the food restriction (FR: 50 % food restricted diet) group, and the CX group, which was treated with Cozaar XQ (amlodipine- losartan combination drug) in FR rats from postnatal 4 to 20 weeks. Masson’s trichrome staining was performed in the heart tissues. The amount of abdominal visceral fat tissues was measured. Western blot analysis such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor type IA (ATIA), troponin I (Tn I) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were performed. Results Body weights were significantly higher in the FR group compared with the C group at weeks 8 and 20 and lower in the CX group at week 20. Blood pressure was significantly higher in the FR group compared with the C group at week 20 and lower in the CX group at weeks 12 and 20. The amount of abdominal visceral fat was significantly higher in the FR group compared with the C group at weeks 8, 12 and 20 and significantly lower in the CX group at weeks 16 and 20. Protein expression of ATIA and eNOS were significantly reduced in the CX group at weeks 16 and 20. ACE was significantly reduced in the CX group at week 20 and Tn I was significantly reduced in the CX group at week 16. Conclusions When there is fetal under-nutrition during pregnancy, it leads to obesity, high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia and several gene changes in offspring. Amlodipine-losartan combination treatment was able to lower obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and several gene changes in rats suffering from fetal under-nutrition during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mokdong, YangCheon-Ku, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeryon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mokdong, YangCheon-Ku, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mokdong, YangCheon-Ku, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Je Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan Chang Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Mi Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mokdong, YangCheon-Ku, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Qanitha A, de Mol BA, Pabittei DR, Mappangara I, van der Graaf Y, Dalmeijer GW, Burgner DP, Uiterwaal CS. Infections in early life and premature acute coronary syndrome: A case-control study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:1640-8. [PMID: 27006417 DOI: 10.1177/2047487316640656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections in young children may affect the vasculature and initiate early atherosclerosis. Whether infections experienced in childhood play a part in adult clinical cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We investigated the association between infections in early life and the occurrence of premature coronary heart disease. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of 153 patients with a first acute coronary syndrome before the age of 56 years and 153 age- and sex-matched controls. Any history of severe infections in childhood and adolescence was obtained, together with clinical and laboratory measurements and other cardiovascular risk factors. We developed an infection score for the overall burden of early life infections. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations. RESULTS Infections experienced in early life increased the risk of acquiring acute coronary syndrome at a young age with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-4.83, p = 0.001). After adjustments for traditional risk factors, lifestyle, dietary patterns, socio-economic status and parental history of cardiovascular events, these associations remained significant and changed only slightly. There was an indication for an interaction between infections in early life and current cardiovascular risk (Framingham Risk Score (FRS); p-interaction = 0.052). Within participants with a low FRS (<10%), the OR of early life infection for acute coronary syndrome was 1.49 (95% CI 0.72-3.08, p = 0.283); within participants with an intermediate FRS (10-20%), the OR was 4.35 (95% CI 1.60-11.84, p = 0.004); and within participants with a high FRS (>20%), the OR 10.00 (95% CI 1.21-82.51, p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Infections in early life may partly explain premature coronary heart disease in adulthood and may potentiate traditional cardiovascular risk factor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriany Qanitha
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Bastianus Ajm de Mol
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dara R Pabittei
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Idar Mappangara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Yolanda van der Graaf
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geertje W Dalmeijer
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David P Burgner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuno Spm Uiterwaal
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Extrauterine growth restriction on pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in adult male rats: the role of epigenetic mechanisms. J Hypertens 2016; 32:2188-98; discussion 2198. [PMID: 25105456 PMCID: PMC4222616 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Early postnatal life is considered as a critical time window for the determination of long-term metabolic states and organ functions. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) causes the development of adult-onset chronic diseases, including pulmonary hypertension. However, the effects of nutritional disadvantages during the early postnatal period on pulmonary vascular consequences in later life are not fully understood. Our study was designed to test whether epigenetics dysregulation mediates the cellular memory of this early postnatal event. Methods and results: To test this hypothesis, we isolated pulmonary vascular endothelial cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting from EUGR and control rats. A postnatal insult, nutritional restriction-induced EUGR caused development of an increased pulmonary artery pressure at 9 weeks of age in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Methyl-DNA immune precipitation chip, genome-scale mapping studies to search for differentially methylated loci between control and EUGR rats, revealed significant difference in cytosine methylation between EUGR and control rats. EUGR changes the cytosine methylation at approximately 500 loci in male rats at 9 weeks of age, preceding the development of pulmonary hypertension and these represent the candidate loci for mediating the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease that occurs later in life. Gene ontology analysis on differentially methylated genes showed that hypermethylated genes in EUGR are vascular development-associated genes and hypomethylated genes in EUGR are late-differentiation-associated and signal transduction genes. We validated candidate dysregulated loci with the quantitative assays of cytosine methylation and gene expressions. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that epigenetics dysregulation is a strong mechanism for propagating the cellular memory of early postnatal events, causing changes in the expression of genes and long-term susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension, and further providing a new insight into the prevention and treatment of EUGR-related pulmonary hypertension.
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Shiwa Y, Hachiya T, Furukawa R, Ohmomo H, Ono K, Kudo H, Hata J, Hozawa A, Iwasaki M, Matsuda K, Minegishi N, Satoh M, Tanno K, Yamaji T, Wakai K, Hitomi J, Kiyohara Y, Kubo M, Tanaka H, Tsugane S, Yamamoto M, Sobue K, Shimizu A. Adjustment of Cell-Type Composition Minimizes Systematic Bias in Blood DNA Methylation Profiles Derived by DNA Collection Protocols. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147519. [PMID: 26799745 PMCID: PMC4723336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in DNA collection protocols may be a potential confounder in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) using a large number of blood specimens from multiple biobanks and/or cohorts. Here we show that pre-analytical procedures involved in DNA collection can induce systematic bias in the DNA methylation profiles of blood cells that can be adjusted by cell-type composition variables. In Experiment 1, whole blood from 16 volunteers was collected to examine the effect of a 24 h storage period at 4°C on DNA methylation profiles as measured using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Our statistical analysis showed that the P-value distribution of more than 450,000 CpG sites was similar to the theoretical distribution (in quantile-quantile plot, λ = 1.03) when comparing two control replicates, which was remarkably deviated from the theoretical distribution (λ = 1.50) when comparing control and storage conditions. We then considered cell-type composition as a possible cause of the observed bias in DNA methylation profiles and found that the bias associated with the cold storage condition was largely decreased (λadjusted = 1.14) by taking into account a cell-type composition variable. As such, we compared four respective sample collection protocols used in large-scale Japanese biobanks or cohorts as well as two control replicates. Systematic biases in DNA methylation profiles were observed between control and three of four protocols without adjustment of cell-type composition (λ = 1.12–1.45) and no remarkable biases were seen after adjusting for cell-type composition in all four protocols (λadjusted = 1.00–1.17). These results revealed important implications for comparing DNA methylation profiles between blood specimens from different sources and may lead to discovery of disease-associated DNA methylation markers and the development of DNA methylation profile-based predictive risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh Shiwa
- Division of Biobank and Data Management, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Division of Biobank and Data Management, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Ryohei Furukawa
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Kanako Ono
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Kudo
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8573, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8582, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8573, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- Department of Biobank, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8573, Japan
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Division of Biobank and Data Management, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Community Medical Supports and Health Record Informatics, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466–8550, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Deputy Executive Director, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812–8582, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8573, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2–1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8575, Japan
| | - Kenji Sobue
- Executive Director, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Disaster Reconstruction Center, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Biomedical Science, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University Disaster Reconstruction Center, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028–3694, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Terlinder J, Andersson RE. Incidence of appendicitis according to region of origin in first- and second-generation immigrants and adoptees in Sweden. A cohort follow-up study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:111-20. [PMID: 25876851 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographic variations in incidence of appendicitis and proportion of perforations suggest environmental or genetic etiological factors. We study incidence of appendicitis and proportion of perforations according to geographical origin in immigrants and international adoptees in Sweden. METHODS A cohort of 11,557,566 Swedish residents - 277,104 first- and 377,773 second-generation immigrants and 57,304 adoptees - was followed from 1988 till 2010. Differences in proportion of operation for perforated appendicitis and negative appendectomy and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of perforated and non-perforated appendicitis associated with geographic origin was analyzed. RESULTS High incidence rates are seen in first- and second-generation immigrants from South America for perforated (SIR 1.58 and 1.81, respectively) and non-perforated appendicitis (SIR 1.18 and 1.22, respectively), and in adoptees from South America for non-perforated appendicitis (SIR 1.07). Low incidence rates are seen for perforated appendicitis in first-generation immigrants and adoptees from Asia (SIR 0.74 and 0.56, respectively), and for non-perforated appendicitis in immigrants from Africa and Asia (SIR 0.69 and 0.76 in first-generation, 0.51 and 0.74 in second-generation, respectively) and in adoptees from Asia (SIR 0.71). A high proportion of perforated appendicitis is associated with a low incidence rate of non-perforated appendicitis but no increase in the incidence rate of perforated appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS The association of different incidence of appendicitis with geographic origin which remains over generations and is seen in adoptees suggest genetic etiologic factors. The proportion of perforation can be high without an increased incidence rate of perforation and is therefore an imperfect indicator of quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Terlinder
- a 1 Departments of Pediatrics, County Hospital Ryhov , Jönköping, Sweden
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A Genome-Wide Scan of DNA Methylation Markers for Distinguishing Monozygotic Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:670-9. [PMID: 26500037 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Identification of individuals within pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins remains unresolved using common forensic DNA typing technology. For some criminal cases involving MZ twins as suspects, the twins had to be released due to inability to identify which of the pair was the perpetrator. In this study, we performed a genome-wide scan on whole blood-derived DNA from four pairs of healthy phenotypically concordant MZ twins using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing technology to identify candidate DNA methylation markers with capacity to distinguish MZ twins within a pair. We identified 38 differential methylation regions showing within-pair methylation differences in all four MZ pairs. These are all located in CpG islands, 17 of which are promoter-associated, 17 are intergenic islands, and four are intragenic islands. Genes associated with these markers are related with cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth and development, including zinc finger proteins, PRRX2, RBBP9, or are involved in G-protein signaling, such as the regulator of G-protein signaling 16. Further validation studies on additional MZ twins are now required to evaluate the broader utility of these 38 markers for forensic use.
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Zhao J, An Q, Goldberg J, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V. Promoter methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis: A monozygotic twin study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:71-6. [PMID: 26186654 PMCID: PMC4546896 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a marker of early atherosclerosis. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) regulates many biological processes, including stress response, behavioral, cardiometabolic and immunologic functions. Genetic variants in NR3C1 have been associated with atherosclerosis and related risk factors. This study investigated the association of NR3C1 promoter methylation with FMD, independent of genetic and family-level environmental factors. METHODS We studied 84 middle-aged, male-male monozygotic twin pairs recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Brachial artery FMD was measured by ultrasound. DNA methylation levels at 22 CpG residues in the NR3C1 exon 1F promoter region were quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Co-twin control analyses were conducted to examine the association of methylation variation with FMD, adjusting for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, lipids, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and depressive symptoms. Multiple testing was corrected using the false discovery rate. RESULTS Mean methylation level across the 22 studied CpG sites was 2.02%. Methylation alterations at 12 out of the 22 CpG residues were significantly associated with FMD. On average, a 1% increase in the intra-pair difference in mean DNA methylation was associated with 2.83% increase in the intra-pair difference in FMD (95% CI: 1.46-4.20; P < 0.0001) after adjusting for risk factors and multiple testing. CONCLUSION Methylation variation in NR3C1 exon 1F promoter significantly influences subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of genetic, early family environmental and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Qiang An
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jack Goldberg
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vuillermin P, Saffery R, Allen KJ, Carlin JB, Tang MLK, Ranganathan S, Burgner D, Dwyer T, Collier F, Jachno K, Sly P, Symeonides C, McCloskey K, Molloy J, Forrester M, Ponsonby AL. Cohort Profile: The Barwon Infant Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1148-60. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Domonkos Tarnoki A, Laszlo Tarnoki D, Molnar AA. Past, present and future of cardiovascular twin studies. COR ET VASA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chacko A, Carpenter DO, Callaway L, Sly PD. Early-life risk factors for chronic nonrespiratory diseases. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:244-59. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00070214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have witnessed a change in disease patterns contributing to the global burden of disease, with a shift from early childhood deaths due to the classic infectious communicable diseases to years lived with disability from chronic noncommunicable diseases. In both developing and developed countries, the years lived with disability attributable to chronic disease have increased: cardiovascular diseases by 17.7%; chronic respiratory disease by 8.5%; neurological conditions by 12.2%; diabetes by 30.0%; and mental and behavioural disorders by 5.0% over the past 20 years. Recognition of the contribution made by adverse environmental exposures in early life to noncommunicable diseases in later life is increasing. These early-life exposures appear to contribute to both chronic respiratory and chronic nonrespiratory diseases. In this State of the Art article, we aim to examine early-life environmental exposures that have an epidemiological association with chronic nonrespiratory diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive and behavioural problems. We will highlight the potential overlap in environmental risks with respiratory diseases, and point out knowledge gaps and research opportunities.
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Kones R, Rumana U, Merino J. Exclusion of 'nonRCT evidence' in guidelines for chronic diseases - is it always appropriate? The Look AHEAD study. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:2009-19. [PMID: 24841173 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.925438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The introduction of EBM was a conceptual and practical milestone in the history of medicine, with far-reaching impact yet to be fully realized. EBM has limitations, including inapplicability to populations dissimilar to those in studies, and may not reflect duration of exposure to risk factors, details of lifestyle, incubation period, latency, or environmental changes during chronic diseases. Routine exclusion of evidence other than randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses from consideration in treatment may not always be wise. This review is not a result of a search, but rather a conceptual unification of (a) the increasing restrictions in guideline-writing favoring more RCTs, and rejecting observational studies when chronic diseases with a long incubation period may sometimes be best probed by the latter; (b) the possibility RCTs may be inconclusive, nonapplicable, or result in 'negative' results which may misdirect future therapy by physicians and undermine adherence by patients; (c) the potential improvement in patient care from having all available information evaluated (especially epidemiological studies of chronic diseases) and synthesized in guidelines. The example of the Look AHEAD study is chosen - a 'negative' RCT with significant information overlooked by reviewers, who initially declared that weight loss and physical activity were ineffective in treating diabetes, or in preventing cardiovascular complications. In this review, placing this study in perspective, among others, suggests the opposite - exercise and weight loss are effective if done early and sufficiently. Synthesizing worthy data from many sources, including prospective and pathophysiological studies, particularly when RCTs are unavailable, has the potential to add depth and expand the understanding of disease. In addition, integrated data may generate useful, rich material for use during shared decision making discussions with patients, and clarify future hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kones
- Cardiometabolic Research Institute , Houston, TX , USA
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41
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DNA methylation biomarkers: cancer and beyond. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:821-64. [PMID: 25229548 PMCID: PMC4198933 DOI: 10.3390/genes5030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are naturally-occurring characteristics by which a particular pathological process or disease can be identified or monitored. They can reflect past environmental exposures, predict disease onset or course, or determine a patient's response to therapy. Epigenetic changes are such characteristics, with most epigenetic biomarkers discovered to date based on the epigenetic mark of DNA methylation. Many tissue types are suitable for the discovery of DNA methylation biomarkers including cell-based samples such as blood and tumor material and cell-free DNA samples such as plasma. DNA methylation biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive power are already in clinical trials or in a clinical setting for cancer. Outside cancer, strong evidence that complex disease originates in early life is opening up exciting new avenues for the detection of DNA methylation biomarkers for adverse early life environment and for estimation of future disease risk. However, there are a number of limitations to overcome before such biomarkers reach the clinic. Nevertheless, DNA methylation biomarkers have great potential to contribute to personalized medicine throughout life. We review the current state of play for DNA methylation biomarkers, discuss the barriers that must be crossed on the way to implementation in a clinical setting, and predict their future use for human disease.
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Gao Q, Tang J, Chen J, Jiang L, Zhu X, Xu Z. Epigenetic code and potential epigenetic-based therapies against chronic diseases in developmental origins. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1744-1750. [PMID: 24880107 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated findings have demonstrated that the epigenetic code provides a potential link between prenatal stress and changes in gene expression that could be involved in the developmental programming of various chronic diseases in later life. Meanwhile, based on the fact that epigenetic modifications are reversible and can be manipulated, this provides a unique chance to develop multiple novel epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies against many chronic diseases in early developmental periods. This article will give a short review of recent findings of prenatal insult-induced epigenetic changes in developmental origins of several chronic diseases, and will attempt to provide an overview of the current epigenetic-based strategies applied in the early prevention, diagnosis and possible therapies for human chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Center for Prenatal Biology, Loma Linda University, CA 92350, USA.
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Ho DH. Transgenerational epigenetics: the role of maternal effects in cardiovascular development. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:43-51. [PMID: 24813463 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational epigenetics, the study of non-genetic transfer of information from one generation to the next, has gained much attention in the past few decades due to the fact that, in many instances, epigenetic processes outweigh direct genetic processes in the manifestation of aberrant phenotypes across several generations. Maternal effects, or the influences of maternal environment, phenotype, and/or genotype on offsprings' phenotypes, independently of the offsprings' genotypes, are a subcategory of transgenerational epigenetics. Due to the intimate role of the mother during early development in animals, there is much interest in investigating the means by which maternal effects can shape the individual. Maternal effects are responsible for cellular organization, determination of the body axis, initiation and maturation of organ systems, and physiological performance of a wide variety of species and biological systems. The cardiovascular system is the first to become functional and can significantly influence the development of other organ systems. Thus, it is important to elucidate the role of maternal effects in cardiovascular development, and to understand its impact on adult cardiovascular health. Topics to be addressed include: (1) how and when do maternal effects change the developmental trajectory of the cardiovascular system to permanently alter the adult's cardiovascular phenotype, (2) what molecular mechanisms have been associated with maternally induced cardiovascular phenotypes, and (3) what are the evolutionary implications of maternally mediated changes in cardiovascular phenotype?
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao H Ho
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Birmingham, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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44
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Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Environmental epigenetics and effects on male fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 791:67-81. [PMID: 23955673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7783-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to factors such as toxicants or nutrition can have impacts on testis biology and male fertility. The ability of these factors to influence epigenetic mechanisms in early life exposures or from ancestral exposures will be reviewed. A growing number of examples suggest environmental epigenetics will be a critical factor to consider in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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45
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Foreword: A review on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle aspects of the early-life origins of cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2014; 44:53. [PMID: 24607260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Kelishadi R, Poursafa P. A review on the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle aspects of the early-life origins of cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2014; 44:54-72. [PMID: 24607261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive review on developmental origins of health and disease regarding various factors related to the origins of cardiovascular diseases from early life. It presents a summary of the impacts of various factors such as epigenetics; gene-environment interaction; ethnic predisposition to cardiovascular diseases and their underlying risk factors; prenatal factors; fetal programming; maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy; type of feeding during infancy; growth pattern during childhood; obesity; stunting; socioeconomic status; dietary and physical activity habits; active, secondhand, and thirdhand smoking, as well as environmental factors including air pollution and global climate change on the development and progress of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The importance of early identification of predisposing factors for cardiovascular diseases for primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases from early life is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fruchart JC, Davignon J, Hermans MP, Al-Rubeaan K, Amarenco P, Assmann G, Barter P, Betteridge J, Bruckert E, Cuevas A, Farnier M, Ferrannini E, Fioretto P, Genest J, Ginsberg HN, Gotto AM, Hu D, Kadowaki T, Kodama T, Krempf M, Matsuzawa Y, Núñez-Cortés JM, Monfil CC, Ogawa H, Plutzky J, Rader DJ, Sadikot S, Santos RD, Shlyakhto E, Sritara P, Sy R, Tall A, Tan CE, Tokgözoğlu L, Toth PP, Valensi P, Wanner C, Zambon A, Zhu J, Zimmet P. Residual macrovascular risk in 2013: what have we learned? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:26. [PMID: 24460800 PMCID: PMC3922777 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease poses a major challenge for the 21st century, exacerbated by the pandemics of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. While best standards of care, including high-dose statins, can ameliorate the risk of vascular complications, patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i) has previously highlighted atherogenic dyslipidaemia, defined as the imbalance between proatherogenic triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-containing-lipoproteins and antiatherogenic apolipoprotein A-I-lipoproteins (as in high-density lipoprotein, HDL), as an important modifiable contributor to lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk, especially in insulin-resistant conditions. As part of its mission to improve awareness and clinical management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia, the R3i has identified three key priorities for action: i) to improve recognition of atherogenic dyslipidaemia in patients at high cardiometabolic risk with or without diabetes; ii) to improve implementation and adherence to guideline-based therapies; and iii) to improve therapeutic strategies for managing atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The R3i believes that monitoring of non-HDL cholesterol provides a simple, practical tool for treatment decisions regarding the management of lipid-related residual cardiovascular risk. Addition of a fibrate, niacin (North and South America), omega-3 fatty acids or ezetimibe are all options for combination with a statin to further reduce non-HDL cholesterol, although lacking in hard evidence for cardiovascular outcome benefits. Several emerging treatments may offer promise. These include the next generation peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα agonists, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors and monoclonal antibody therapy targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. However, long-term outcomes and safety data are clearly needed. In conclusion, the R3i believes that ongoing trials with these novel treatments may help to define the optimal management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia to reduce the clinical and socioeconomic burden of residual cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Fruchart
- R3i Foundation, St. Alban-Anlage 46, Basel, CH 4010, Switzerland
- Fondation Cœur et Artères, Lille, France
| | - Jean Davignon
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal and Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gerd Assmann
- Assmann-Stiftung für Prävention, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Barter
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Institut of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ada Cuevas
- Nutrition Center, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ele Ferrannini
- University of Pisa School of Medicine, and Metabolism Unit of the National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Fioretto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University and Center for Innovative Medicine, McGill University Health Center/Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine and Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Dayi Hu
- Heart Institute, People Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Department of Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michel Krempf
- Human Nutritional Research Center and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, University Hospital Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Raul D Santos
- Unidade Clínica de Lipides InCor-HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evgeny Shlyakhto
- Federal Almazov Heart Blood Endocrinology Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Rody Sy
- University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Alan Tall
- Specialized Center of Research (SCOR) in Molecular Medicine and Atherosclerosis, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Peter P Toth
- Sterling Rock Falls Clinic, CGH Medical Center, Sterling and University of Illinois School of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Paul Valensi
- Hôpital Jean Verdier, Department of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition, AP-HP, Paris-Nord University, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bondy, France
| | | | - Alberto Zambon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Junren Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Soubry A, Murphy SK, Wang F, Huang Z, Vidal AC, Fuemmeler BF, Kurtzberg J, Murtha A, Jirtle RL, Schildkraut JM, Hoyo C. Newborns of obese parents have altered DNA methylation patterns at imprinted genes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 39:650-7. [PMID: 24158121 PMCID: PMC4048324 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between periconceptional environmental exposures and health status of the offspring in later life. Although these environmentally related effects have been attributed to epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation shifts at imprinted genes, little is known about the potential effects of maternal and paternal preconceptional overnutrition or obesity. Objective: We examined parental preconceptional obesity in relation to DNA methylation profiles at multiple human imprinted genes important in normal growth and development, such as: maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST), paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1), epsilon sarcoglycan and paternally expressed gene 10 (SGCE/PEG10) and neuronatin (NNAT). Methods: We measured methylation percentages at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by bisulfite pyrosequencing in DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood leukocytes of 92 newborns. Preconceptional obesity, defined as BMI ⩾30 kg m−2, was ascertained through standardized questionnaires. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders and cluster effects, paternal obesity was significantly associated with lower methylation levels at the MEST (β=−2.57; s.e.=0.95; P=0.008), PEG3 (β=−1.71; s.e.=0.61; P=0.005) and NNAT (β=−3.59; s.e.=1.76; P=0.04) DMRs. Changes related to maternal obesity detected at other loci were as follows: β-coefficient was +2.58 (s.e.=1.00; P=0.01) at the PLAGL1 DMR and −3.42 (s.e.=1.69; P=0.04) at the MEG3 DMR. Conclusion: We found altered methylation outcomes at multiple imprint regulatory regions in children born to obese parents, compared with children born to non-obese parents. In spite of the small sample size, our data suggest a preconceptional influence of parental life-style or overnutrition on the (re)programming of imprint marks during gametogenesis and early development. More specifically, the significant and independent association between paternal obesity and the offspring's methylation status suggests the susceptibility of the developing sperm for environmental insults. The acquired imprint instability may be carried onto the next generation and increase the risk for chronic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soubry
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - F Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B F Fuemmeler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Kurtzberg
- Carolinas Cord Blood Bank, Robertson Cell and Translational Therapy Program, Duke Translational Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R L Jirtle
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J M Schildkraut
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Hoyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Minoo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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