1
|
Takeshita S, Kakita H, Nakamura N, Mori M, Toriuchi K, Aoki H, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Yamada Y, Aoyama M. Thrombopoietin exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the suppression of neuronal proliferation and axonal outgrowth in intrauterine growth restriction rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114781. [PMID: 38636773 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia in utero causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus. IUGR infants are known to be at higher risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the structure of the cerebral cortex using IUGR model rats generated through a reduced uterine perfusion pressure operation. IUGR rats exhibited thinner cerebral white matter and enlarged lateral ventricles compared with control rats. Expression of neuron cell markers, Satb2, microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2, α-tubulin, and nestin was reduced in IUGR rats, indicating that neurons were diminished at various developmental stages in IUGR rats, from neural stem cells to mature neurons. However, there was no increase in apoptosis in IUGR rats. Cells positive for Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, were reduced in neurons and all glial cells of IUGR rats. In primary neuron cultures, axonal elongation was impaired under hypoxic culture conditions mimicking the intrauterine environment of IUGR infants. Thus, in IUGR rats, chronic hypoxia in utero suppresses the proliferation of neurons and glial cells as well as axonal elongation, resulting in cortical thinning and enlarged lateral ventricles. Thrombopoietin (TPO), a platelet growth factor, inhibited the decrease in neuron number and promoted axon elongation in primary neurons under hypoxic conditions. Intraperitoneal administration of TPO to IUGR rats resulted in increases in the number of NeuN-positive cells and the area coverage of Satb2. In conclusion, suppression of neuronal proliferation and axonal outgrowth in IUGR rats resulted in cortical thinning and enlargement of lateral ventricles. TPO administration might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating brain dysmaturation in IUGR infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nami Nakamura
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Biouss G, Antounians L, Aguet J, Kopcalic K, Fakhari N, Baranger J, Mertens L, Villemain O, Zani A. The brain of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia shows signs of hypoxic injury with loss of progenitor cells, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13680. [PMID: 38871804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm, herniation of abdominal organs into the chest, and compression of the lungs and the heart. Besides complications related to pulmonary hypoplasia, 1 in 4 survivors develop neurodevelopmental impairment, whose etiology remains unclear. Using a fetal rat model of CDH, we demonstrated that the compression exerted by herniated organs on the mediastinal structures results in decreased brain perfusion on ultrafast ultrasound, cerebral hypoxia with compensatory angiogenesis, mature neuron and oligodendrocyte loss, and activated microglia. In CDH fetuses, apoptosis was prominent in the subventricular and subgranular zones, areas that are key for neurogenesis. We validated these findings in the autopsy samples of four human fetuses with CDH compared to age- and sex-matched controls. This study reveals the molecular mechanisms and cellular changes that occur in the brain of fetuses with CDH and creates opportunities for therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Biouss
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Julien Aguet
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Katarina Kopcalic
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nikan Fakhari
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jerome Baranger
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Olivier Villemain
- Translation Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loron G, Pansiot J, Olivier P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Promotes Angiogenesis in the Rodent Developing Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065871. [PMID: 36982947 PMCID: PMC10054632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a therapy used in neonates with pulmonary hypertension. Some evidence of its neuroprotective properties has been reported in both mature and immature brains subjected to injury. NO is a key mediator of the VEGF pathway, and angiogenesis may be involved in the reduced vulnerability to injury of white matter and the cortex conferred by iNO. Here, we report the effect of iNO on angiogenesis in the developing brain and its potential effectors. We found that iNO promotes angiogenesis in the developing white matter and cortex during a critical window in P14 rat pups. This shift in the developmental program of brain angiogenesis was not related to a regulation of NO synthases by exogenous NO exposure, nor the VEGF pathway or other angiogenic factors. The effects of iNO on brain angiogenesis were found to be mimicked by circulating nitrate/nitrite, suggesting that these carriers may play a role in transporting NO to the brain. Finally, our data show that the soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP signaling pathway is likely to be involved in the pro-angiogenetic effect of iNO through thrombospondin-1, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, inhibiting soluble guanylate cyclase through CD42 and CD36. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the biological basis of the effect of iNO in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Loron
- Service de Médecine Néonatale et de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CReSTIC, CHU Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Paul Olivier
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Baud
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siahanidou T, Spiliopoulou C. Pharmacological Neuroprotection of the Preterm Brain: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:479-491. [PMID: 32961562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in viability, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm babies remain serious concern as a significant percentage of these infants develop neurological and/or intellectual impairment, and they are also at increased risk of psychiatric illnesses later in life. The current challenge is to develop neuroprotective approaches to improve adverse outcomes in preterm survivors. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the current evidence on pharmacological agents targeting the neuroprotection of the preterm brain. Among them, magnesium sulfate, given antenatally to pregnant women with imminent preterm birth before 30 to 34 weeks of gestation, as well as caffeine administered to preterm infants after birth, exhibited neuroprotective effects for human preterm brain. Erythropoietin treatment of preterm infants did not result in neuroprotection at 2 years of age in two out of three published large randomized controlled trials; however, long-term follow-up of these infants is needed to come to definite conclusions. Further studies are also required to assess whether melatonin, neurosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide, allopurinol, or dietary supplements (omega-3 fatty acids, choline, curcumin, etc.) could be implemented as neuroprotectants in clinical practice. Furthermore, other pharmacological agents showing promising signs of neuroprotective efficacy in preclinical studies (growth factors, hyaluronidase inhibitors or treatment, antidiabetic drugs, cannabidiol, histamine-H3 receptor antagonists, etc.), as well as stem cell- or exosomal-based therapies and nanomedicine, may prove useful in the future as potential neuroprotective approaches for human preterm brain. KEY POINTS: · Magnesium and caffeine have neuroprotective effects for the preterm brain.. · Follow-up of infants treated with erythropoietin is needed.. · Neuroprotective efficacy of several drugs in animals needs to be shown in humans..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Siahanidou
- Neonatal Unit of the First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caravagna C, Casciato A, Coq JO, Liabeuf S, Brocard C, Peyronnet J, Bodineau L, Cayetanot F. Prenatal Hypoxia Induces Cl– Cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1 Developmental Abnormality and Disturbs the Influence of GABAA and Glycine Receptors on Fictive Breathing in a Newborn Rat. Front Physiol 2022; 13:786714. [PMID: 35250609 PMCID: PMC8890663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.786714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia is a recognised risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders associated with both membrane proteins involved in neuron homeostasis, e.g., chloride (Cl–) cotransporters, and alterations in brain neurotransmitter systems, e.g., catecholamines, dopamine, and GABA. Our study aimed to determine whether prenatal hypoxia alters central respiratory drive by disrupting the development of Cl– cotransporters KCC2 and NKCC1. Cl– homeostasis seems critical for the strength and efficiency of inhibition mediated by GABAA and glycine receptors within the respiratory network, and we searched for alterations of GABAergic and glycinergic respiratory influences after prenatal hypoxia. We measured fictive breathing from brainstem in ex vivo preparations during pharmacological blockade of KCC2 and NKCC1 Cl– cotransporters, GABAA, and glycine receptors. We also evaluated the membrane expression of Cl– cotransporters in the brainstem by Western blot and the expression of Cl– cotransporter regulators brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and calpain. First, pharmacological experiments showed that prenatal hypoxia altered the regulation of fictive breathing by NKCC1 and KCC2 Cl– cotransporters, GABA/GABAA, and glycin. NKCC1 inhibition decreased fictive breathing at birth in control mice while it decreased at 4 days after birth in pups exposed to prenatal hypoxia. On the other hand, inhibition of KCC2 decreased fictive breathing 4 days after birth in control mice without any change in prenatal hypoxia pups. The GABAergic system appeared to be more effective in prenatal hypoxic pups whereas the glycinergic system increased its effectiveness later. Second, we observed a decrease in the expression of the Cl– cotransporter KCC2, and a decrease with age in NKCC1, as well as an increase in the expression of BDNF and calpain after prenatal hypoxia exposure. Altogether, our data support the idea that prenatal hypoxia alters the functioning of GABAA and glycinergic systems in the respiratory network by disrupting maturation of Cl– homeostasis, thereby contributing to long-term effects by disrupting ventilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Caravagna
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexis Casciato
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine Site Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Liabeuf
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Peyronnet
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine Site Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Florence Cayetanot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine Site Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Florence Cayetanot,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abiramalatha T, Ramaswamy VV, Ponnala AK, Kallem VR, Murkunde YV, Punnoose AM, Vivekanandhan A, Pullattayil AK, Amboiram P. Emerging neuroprotective interventions in periventricular leukomalacia: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:305-330. [PMID: 35143732 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a result of various antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal insults to the developing brain and is an important harbinger of cerebral palsy in preterm neonates. There is no proven therapy for PVL. This calls for appraisal of targeted therapies that have been investigated in animal models to evaluate their relevance in clinical research context. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identifies interventions that were evaluated in preclinical studies for neuroprotective efficacy against PVL. We identified 142 studies evaluating various interventions in PVL animal models. (Search method is detailed in section 2). EXPERT OPINION Interventions that have yielded significant results in preclinical research, and that have been evaluated in a limited number of clinical trials include stem cells, erythropoietin, and melatonin. Many other therapeutic modalities evaluated in preclinical studies have been identified, but more data on their neuroprotective potential in PVL must be garnered before they can be considered for clinical trials. Because most of the tested interventions had only a partial efficacy, a combination of interventions that could be synergistic should be investigated in future preclinical studies. Furthermore, since the nature and pattern of perinatal insults to preterm brain predisposing it to PVL are substantially variable, individualised approaches for the choice of appropriate neuroprotective interventions tailored to different sub-groups of preterm neonates should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Abiramalatha
- Consultant Neonatologist, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH).,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Andelsivj Kumar Ponnala
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Yogeshkumar V Murkunde
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Alan Mathew Punnoose
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Prakash Amboiram
- Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prenatal administration of IL-1Ra attenuate the neurodevelopmental impacts following non-pathogenic inflammation during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23404. [PMID: 34862457 PMCID: PMC8642433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal inflammation negatively affects placental function, subsequently altering fetal development. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are used to mimics infections in preclinical models but rarely detected during pregnancy. Our group previously developed an animal model of prenatal exposure to uric acid (endogenous mediator), leading to growth restriction alongside IL-1-driven placental inflammation (Brien et al. in J Immunol 198(1):443–451, 2017). Unlike PAMPs, the postnatal impact of prenatal non-pathogenic inflammation is still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of prenatal uric acid exposure on postnatal neurodevelopment and the therapeutic potential of the IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-1Ra. Uric acid induced growth restriction and placental inflammation, which IL-1Ra protected against. Postnatal evaluation of both structural and functional aspects of the brain revealed developmental changes. Both astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in the hippocampus and white matter at postnatal day (PND)7 with IL-1Ra being protective. Decreased myelin density was observed at PND21, and reduced amount of neuronal precursor cells was observed in the Dentate Gyrus at PND35. Functionally, motor impairments were observed as evaluated with the increased time to fully turn upward (180 degrees) on the inclined plane and the pups were weaker on the grip strength test. Prenatal exposure to sterile inflammation, mimicking most clinical situation, induced growth restriction with negative impact on neurodevelopment. Targeted anti-inflammatory intervention prenatally could offer a strategy to protect brain development during pregnancy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Combination of human endothelial colony-forming cells and mesenchymal stromal cells exert neuroprotective effects in the growth-restricted newborn. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 34795316 PMCID: PMC8602245 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The foetal brain is particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of foetal growth restriction (FGR) with subsequent abnormal neurodevelopment being common. There are no current treatments to protect the FGR newborn from lifelong neurological disorders. This study examines whether pure foetal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) from the human term placenta are neuroprotective through modulating neuroinflammation and supporting the brain vasculature. We determined that one dose of combined MSC-ECFCs (cECFC; 106 ECFC 106 MSC) on the first day of life to the newborn FGR piglet improved damaged vasculature, restored the neurovascular unit, reduced brain inflammation and improved adverse neuronal and white matter changes present in the FGR newborn piglet brain. These findings could not be reproduced using MSCs alone. These results demonstrate cECFC treatment exerts beneficial effects on multiple cellular components in the FGR brain and may act as a neuroprotectant.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction is a condition that prevents normal fetal development, and previous studies have reported that intrauterine growth restriction is caused by adverse intrauterine factors. This condition affects both short- and long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental disorders can contribute to gray and white matter damage and decrease the brain volume of affected individuals. Further, these disorders are associated with increased risks of mental retardation, cognitive impairment, and cerebral palsy, which seriously affect the quality of life. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic injury associated with intrauterine growth restriction are not completely clear, studies have revealed that neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitatory toxicity, disruption of blood-brain barrier, and epigenetics may be involved in this process. This article reviews the manifestations and possible mechanisms underlying neurologic injury in intrauterine growth restriction and provides a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and treatment of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, 70566The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pla L, Illa M, Loreiro C, Lopez MC, Vázquez-Aristizabal P, Kühne BA, Barenys M, Eixarch E, Gratacós E. Structural Brain Changes during the Neonatal Period in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:217-229. [PMID: 33677448 DOI: 10.1159/000512948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with abnormal neurodevelopment, but the associated structural brain changes are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to describe in an animal model the brain changes at the cellular level in the gray and white matter induced by IUGR during the neonatal period. METHODS The IUGR model was surgically induced in pregnant rabbits by ligating 40-50% of the uteroplacental vessels in 1 horn, whereas the uteroplacental vessels of the contralateral horn were not ligated. After 5 days, IUGR animals from the ligated horn and controls from the nonligated were delivered. On the day of delivery, perinatal data and placentas were collected. On postnatal day 1, functional changes were first evaluated, and thereafter, neuronal arborization in the frontal cortex and density of pre-oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the corpus callosum were evaluated. RESULTS Higher stillbirth in IUGR fetuses together with a reduced birth weight as compared to controls was evidenced. IUGR animals showed poorer functional results, an altered neuronal arborization pattern, and a decrease in the pre-oligodendrocytes, with no differences in microglia and astrocyte densities. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in the rabbit model used, IUGR is related to functional and brain changes evidenced already at birth, including changes in the neuronal arborization and abnormal oligodendrocyte maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pla
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Illa
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain,
| | - Carla Loreiro
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Lopez
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Vázquez-Aristizabal
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Britta Anna Kühne
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Barenys
- GRET, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- BCNatal
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nitric oxide and the brain. Part 2: Effects following neonatal brain injury-friend or foe? Pediatr Res 2021; 89:746-752. [PMID: 32563184 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has critical roles in a wide variety of key biologic functions and has intricate transport mechanisms for delivery to key distal tissues under normal conditions. However, NO also plays important roles during disease processes, such as hypoxia-ischemia, asphyxia, neuro-inflammation, and retinopathy of prematurity. The effects of exogenous NO on the developing neonatal brain remain controversial. Inhaled NO (iNO) can be neuroprotective or toxic depending on a variety of factors, including cellular redox state, underlying disease processes, duration of treatment, and dose. This review identifies key gaps in knowledge that should prompt further investigation into the possible role of iNO as a therapeutic agent after injury to the brain. IMPACT: NO is a key signal mediator in the neonatal brain with neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties. iNO, a commonly used medication, has significant effects on the neonatal brain. Dosing, duration, and timing of administration of iNO can affect the developing brain. This review article summarizes the roles of NO in association with various disease processes that impact neonates, such as brain hypoxia-ischemia, asphyxia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neuroinflammation. The impact of this review is that it clearly describes gaps in knowledge, and makes the case for further, targeted studies in each of the identified areas.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen G, Hu S, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. Antenatal Hypoxia Accelerates the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in 5xFAD Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:251. [PMID: 32973487 PMCID: PMC7472639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment and later dementia among the elderly. Mounting evidence shows that adverse maternal environments during the fetal development increase the risk of diseases later in life including neurological disorders, and suggests an early origin in the development of AD-related dementia (ADRD) in utero. In the present study, we investigated the impact of antenatal hypoxia and fetal stress on the initiation of AD-related pathology in offspring of 5xFAD mice. We showed that fetal hypoxia significantly reduced brain and body weight in the fetal and the early postnatal period, which recovered in young adult mice. Using spontaneous Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and open field (OF) tasks, we found that antenatal hypoxia exacerbated cognitive decline in offspring of 5xFAD compared with normoxia control. Of interest, fetal hypoxia did not alter intraneuronal soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus in 5xFAD mouse offspring, indicating that antenatal hypoxia increased the vulnerability of the brain to synaptotoxic Aβ in the disease onset later in life. Consistent with the early occurrence of cognitive decline, we found synapse loss but not neuronal death in the cerebral cortex in 5xFAD but not wild-type (WT) offspring exposed to antenatal hypoxia. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that antenatal hypoxia significantly increased microglial number and activation, and reactive astrogliosis in the cerebral cortex in WT offspring. Moreover, antenatal hypoxia resulted in an exacerbated increase of microgliosis and astrogliosis in the early stage of AD in 5xFAD offspring. Together, our study reveals a causative link between fetal stress and the accelerated onset of AD-related pathology, and provides mechanistic insights into the developmental origin of aging-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Shirley Hu
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kitase Y, Sato Y, Arai S, Onoda A, Ueda K, Go S, Mimatsu H, Jabary M, Suzuki T, Ito M, Saito A, Hirakawa A, Mukai T, Nagamura-Inoue T, Takahashi Y, Tsuji M, Hayakawa M. Establishment of a Novel Fetal Growth Restriction Model and Development of a Stem-Cell Therapy Using Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:212. [PMID: 32848614 PMCID: PMC7401876 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major complication of prenatal ischemic/hypoxic exposure and affects 5%-10% of pregnancies. It causes various disorders, including neurodevelopmental disabilities due to chronic hypoxia, circulatory failure, and malnutrition via the placenta, and there is no established treatment. Therefore, the development of treatments is an urgent task. We aimed to develop a new FGR rat model with a gradual restrictive load of uterus/placental blood flow and to evaluate the treatment effect of the administration of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs). To create the FGR rat model, we used ameroid constrictors that had titanium on the outer wall and were composed of C-shaped casein with a notch and center hole inside that gradually narrowed upon absorbing water. The ameroid constrictors were attached to bilateral ovarian/uterine arteries on the 17th day of pregnancy to induce chronic mild ischemia, which led to FGR with over 20% bodyweight reduction. After the intravenous administration of 1 × 105 UC-MSCs, we confirmed a significant improvement in the UC-MSC group in a negative geotaxis test at 1 week after birth and a rotarod treadmill test at 5 months old. In the immunobiological evaluation, the total number of neurons counted via the stereological counting method was significantly higher in the UC-MSC group than in the vehicle-treated group. These results indicate that the UC-MSCs exerted a treatment effect for neurological impairment in the FGR rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sakiko Arai
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ueda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoji Go
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Mimatsu
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mahboba Jabary
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miharu Ito
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiko Saito
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science, Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malhotra A, Castillo-Melendez M, Allison BJ, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Pham Y, McDonald CA, Fahey MC, Polglase GR, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Neurovascular effects of umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells in growth-restricted newborn lambs : UCBCs for perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 31915068 PMCID: PMC6947982 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal ventilation exacerbates brain injury in lambs with fetal growth restriction (FGR), characterized by neuroinflammation and reduced blood-brain barrier integrity, which is normally maintained by the neurovascular unit. We examined whether umbilical cord blood stem cell (UCBC) treatment stabilized the neurovascular unit and reduced brain injury in preterm ventilated FGR lambs. Methods Surgery was performed in twin-bearing pregnant ewes at 88 days’ gestation to induce FGR in one fetus. At 127 days, FGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) lambs were delivered, carotid artery flow probes and umbilical lines inserted, lambs intubated and commenced on gentle ventilation. Allogeneic ovine UCBCs (25 × 106 cells/kg) were administered intravenously to lambs at 1 h of life. Lambs were ventilated for 24 h and then euthanized. Results FGR (n = 6) and FGR+UCBC (n = 6) lambs were growth restricted compared to AGA (n = 6) and AGA+UCBC (n = 6) lambs (combined weight, FGR 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. AGA 3.0 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.0002). UCBC therapy did not alter mean arterial blood pressure or carotid blood flow but decreased cerebrovascular resistance in FGR+UCBC lambs. Circulating TNF-α cytokine levels were lower in FGR+UCBC vs. FGR lambs (p < 0.05). Brain histopathology showed decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, increased endothelial cell proliferation, pericyte stability, and greater integrity of the neurovascular unit in FGR+UCBC vs. FGR lambs. Conclusions Umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy mitigates perinatal brain injury due to FGR and ventilation, and the neuroprotective benefits may be mediated by stabilization of the neurovascular unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wixey JA, Sukumar KR, Pretorius R, Lee KM, Colditz PB, Bjorkman ST, Chand KK. Ibuprofen Treatment Reduces the Neuroinflammatory Response and Associated Neuronal and White Matter Impairment in the Growth Restricted Newborn. Front Physiol 2019; 10:541. [PMID: 31133875 PMCID: PMC6523042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition where the fetus does not achieve optimal growth, commonly caused by placental insufficiency. The chronic decrease in blood flow restricts oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, which can damage numerous organ systems, with the fetal brain being particularly vulnerable. Although white matter and neuronal injury are evident in IUGR infants, the specific mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. Inflammation is considered to be a main driver in exacerbating brain injury. Using a spontaneous piglet model of IUGR, we aim to determine whether administration of the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen will decrease inflammation at postnatal day 4 (P4). The treatment group received ibuprofen (20 mg/kg/day on day 1 and 10 mg/kg/day on days 2 and 3) in piglet formula during the morning feed each day and brains examined on P4. Markers of inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, neuronal injury, and white matter injury were examined. Ibuprofen treatment ameliorated the increase in numbers of microglia and astrocytes in the parietal cortex and white matter tracts of the IUGR piglet brain on P4 as well as decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. Ibuprofen treatment prevented the reduction in apoptosis, neuronal cell counts, and myelin index in the IUGR piglets. Our findings demonstrate ibuprofen reduces the inflammatory response in the IUGR neonatal brain and concurrently reduces neuronal and white matter impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kishen R Sukumar
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rinaldi Pretorius
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wixey JA, Lee KM, Miller SM, Goasdoue K, Colditz PB, Tracey Bjorkman S, Chand KK. Neuropathology in intrauterine growth restricted newborn piglets is associated with glial activation and proinflammatory status in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:5. [PMID: 30621715 PMCID: PMC6323795 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal brain is particularly vulnerable to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) conditions evidenced by neuronal and white matter abnormalities and altered neurodevelopment in the IUGR infant. To further our understanding of neurodevelopment in the newborn IUGR brain, clinically relevant models of IUGR are required. This information is critical for the design and implementation of successful therapeutic interventions to reduce aberrant brain development in the IUGR newborn. We utilise the piglet as a model of IUGR as growth restriction occurs spontaneously in the pig as a result of placental insufficiency, making it a highly relevant model of human IUGR. The purpose of this study was to characterise neuropathology and neuroinflammation in the neonatal IUGR piglet brain. METHODS Newborn IUGR (< 5th centile) and normally grown (NG) piglets were euthanased on postnatal day 1 (P1; < 18 h) or P4. Immunohistochemistry was utilised to examine neuronal, white matter and inflammatory responses, and PCR for cytokine analysis in parietal cortex of IUGR and NG piglets. RESULTS The IUGR piglet brain displayed less NeuN-positive cells and reduced myelination at both P1 and P4 in the parietal cortex, indicating neuronal and white matter disruption. A concurrent decrease in Ki67-positive proliferative cells and increase in cell death (caspase-3) in the IUGR piglet brain was also apparent on P4. We observed significant increases in the number of both Iba-1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes in the white matter in IUGR piglet brain on both P1 and P4 compared with NG piglets. These increases were associated with a change in activation state, as noted by altered glial morphology. This inflammatory state was further evident with increased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α) and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 and -10) observed in the IUGR piglet brains. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the piglet model of IUGR displays the characteristic neuropathological outcomes of neuronal and white matter impairment similar to those reported in the IUGR human brain. The activated glial morphology and elevated proinflammatory cytokines is indicative of an inflammatory response that may be associated with neuronal damage and white matter disruption. These findings support the use of the piglet as a pre-clinical model for studying mechanisms of altered neurodevelopment in the IUGR newborn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Kah Meng Lee
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Miller
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kate Goasdoue
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hill T, Polk JD. BDNF, endurance activity, and mechanisms underlying the evolution of hominin brains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168 Suppl 67:47-62. [PMID: 30575024 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a complex, polygenic trait, brain size has likely been influenced by a range of direct and indirect selection pressures for both cognitive and non-cognitive functions and capabilities. It has been hypothesized that hominin brain expansion was, in part, a correlated response to selection acting on aerobic capacity (Raichlen & Polk, 2013). According to this hypothesis, selection for aerobic capacity increased the activity of various signaling molecules, including those involved in brain growth. One key molecule is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that regulates neuronal development, survival, and plasticity in mammals. This review updates, partially tests, and expands Raichlen and Polk's (2013) hypothesis by evaluating evidence for BDNF as a mediator of brain size. DISCUSSION We contend that selection for endurance capabilities in a hot climate favored changes to muscle composition, mitochondrial dynamics and increased energy budget through pathways involving regulation of PGC-1α and MEF2 genes, both of which promote BDNF activity. In addition, the evolution of hairlessness and the skin's thermoregulatory response provide other molecular pathways that promote both BDNF activity and neurotransmitter synthesis. We discuss how these pathways contributed to the evolution of brain size and function in human evolution and propose avenues for future research. Our results support Raichlen and Polk's contention that selection for non-cognitive functions has direct mechanistic linkages to the evolution of brain size in hominins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Hill
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - John D Polk
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wixey JA, Chand KK, Pham L, Colditz PB, Bjorkman ST. Therapeutic potential to reduce brain injury in growth restricted newborns. J Physiol 2018; 596:5675-5686. [PMID: 29700828 DOI: 10.1113/jp275428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants is a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adverse outcomes range from mild learning difficulties, to attention difficulties, neurobehavioral issues, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and other cognitive and psychiatric disorders. While the use of medication to ameliorate neurological deficits in IUGR neonates has been identified as warranting urgent research for several years, few trials have been reported. This review summarises clinical trials focusing on brain protection in the IUGR newborn as well as therapeutic interventions trialled in animal models of IUGR. Therapeutically targeting mechanisms of brain injury in the IUGR neonate is fundamental to improving long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Inflammation is a key mechanism in neonatal brain injury; and therefore an appealing target. Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug currently used in the preterm neonate, may be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat brain injury in the IUGR neonate. To better understand the potential of ibuprofen and other therapeutic agents to be neuroprotective in the IUGR neonate, long-term follow-up information of neurodevelopmental outcomes must be studied. Where agents such as ibuprofen are shown to be effective, have a good safety profile and are relatively inexpensive, they can be widely adopted and lead to improved outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Lily Pham
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zinni M, Colella M, Batista Novais AR, Baud O, Mairesse J. Modulating the Oxytocin System During the Perinatal Period: A New Strategy for Neuroprotection of the Immature Brain? Front Neurol 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29706926 PMCID: PMC5908892 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neurohypophysal hormone known for its activity during labor and its role in lactation. However, the function of oxytocin (OTX) goes far beyond the peripheral regulation of reproduction, and the central effects of OTX have been extensively investigated, since it has been recognized to influence the learning and memory processes. OTX has also prominent effects on social behavior, anxiety, and autism. Interaction between glucocorticoids, OTX, and maternal behavior may have long-term effects on the developmental program of the developing brain subjected to adverse events during pre and perinatal periods. OTX treatment in humans improves many aspects of social cognition and behavior. Its effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and inflammation appear to be of interest in neonates because these properties may confer benefits when the perinatal brain has been subjected to injury. Indeed, early life inflammation and abnormal adrenal response to stress have been associated with an abnormal white matter development. Recent investigations demonstrated that OTX is involved in the modulation of microglial reactivity in the developing brain. This review recapitulates state-of-the art data supporting the hypothesis that the OTX system could be considered as an innovative candidate for neuroprotection, especially in the immature brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zinni
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marina Colella
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Aline Rideau Batista Novais
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Neonatology, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Mairesse
- INSERM U1141 Protect, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bangirana P, Conroy AL, Opoka RO, Hawkes MT, Hermann L, Miller C, Namasopo S, Liles WC, John CC, Kain KC. Inhaled nitric oxide and cognition in pediatric severe malaria: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191550. [PMID: 29370261 PMCID: PMC5784958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe malaria is a leading cause of acquired neurodisability in Africa and is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. A neuroprotective role for inhaled NO has been reported in animal studies, and administration of inhaled NO in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a 47% reduced risk of cognitive impairment at two years of age. METHODS A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of inhaled NO versus placebo as an adjunctive therapy for severe malaria was conducted in Uganda between 2011 and 2013. Children received study gas for a maximum 72 hours (inhaled NO, 80 parts per million; room air placebo). Neurocognitive testing was performed on children<5 years at 6 month follow-up. The neurocognitive outcomes assessed were overall cognition (a composite of fine motor, visual reception, receptive language, and expressive language), attention, associative memory, and the global executive composite. Main outcomes were attention, associative memory, and overall cognitive ability. RESULTS Sixty-one children receiving iNO and 59 children receiving placebo were evaluated. Forty-two children (35.0%) were impaired in at least one neurocognitive domain. By intention-to-treat analysis, there were no differences in unadjusted or unadjusted age-adjusted z-scores for overall cognition (β (95% CI): 0.26 (-0.19, 0.72), p = 0.260), attention (0.18 (-0.14, 0.51), p = 0.267), or memory (0.14 (-0.02, 0.30), p = 0.094) between groups by linear regression. Children receiving inhaled NO had a 64% reduced relative risk of fine motor impairment than children receiving placebo (relative risk, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.14-0.96) by log binomial regression following adjustment for anticonvulsant use. CONCLUSIONS Severe malaria is associated with high rates of neurocognitive impairment. Treatment with inhaled NO was associated with reduced risk of fine motor impairment. These results need to be prospectively validated in a larger study powered to assess cognitive outcomes in order to evaluate whether strategies to increase bioavailable NO are neuroprotective in children with severe malaria. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01255215.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bangirana
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael T Hawkes
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Laura Hermann
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Miller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sophie Namasopo
- Department of Paediatrics, Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Jinja, Uganda
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colella M, Frérot A, Novais ARB, Baud O. Neonatal and Long-Term Consequences of Fetal Growth Restriction. Curr Pediatr Rev 2018; 14:212-218. [PMID: 29998808 PMCID: PMC6416241 DOI: 10.2174/1573396314666180712114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is one of the most common noxious antenatal conditions in humans, inducing a substantial proportion of preterm delivery and leading to a significant increase in perinatal mortality, neurological handicaps and chronic diseases in adulthood. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the postnatal consequences of FGR, with a particular emphasis on the long-term consequences on respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological structures and functions. RESULT AND CONCLUSION FGR represents a global health challenge, and efforts are urgently needed to improve our understanding of the critical factors leading to FGR and subsequent insults to the developing organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colella
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris-Cité, Inserm U1141, Neonatal intensive care unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Children’s hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alice Frérot
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris-Cité, Inserm U1141, Neonatal intensive care unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Children’s hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aline Rideau Batista Novais
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris-Cité, Inserm U1141, Neonatal intensive care unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Children’s hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbone Paris-Cité, Inserm U1141, Neonatal intensive care unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Children’s hospital, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wixey JA, Colditz PB, Björkman ST. Targeting inflammation to reduce brain injury in growth restricted newborns: A potential treatment? Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1804-1806. [PMID: 29239322 PMCID: PMC5745830 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stella Tracey Björkman
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ding YX, Cui H. Integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data provide a regulatory network in intrauterine growth restriction. Life Sci 2017; 179:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
24
|
Knott EP, Assi M, Rao SNR, Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Approach to Neuroprotection and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E696. [PMID: 28338622 PMCID: PMC5412282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide diversity of perturbations of the central nervous system (CNS) result in structural damage to the neuroarchitecture and cellular defects, which in turn are accompanied by neurological dysfunction and abortive endogenous neurorepair. Altering intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and immune regulation, neural cell death, axon plasticity and remyelination has shown therapeutic benefit in experimental models of neurological disease and trauma. The second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), are two such intracellular signaling targets, the elevation of which has produced beneficial cellular effects within a range of CNS pathologies. The only known negative regulators of cyclic nucleotides are a family of enzymes called phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or guanylate monophosphate (GMP). Herein, we discuss the structure and physiological function as well as the roles PDEs play in pathological processes of the diseased or injured CNS. Further we review the approaches that have been employed therapeutically in experimental paradigms to block PDE expression or activity and in turn elevate cyclic nucleotide levels to mediate neuroprotection or neurorepair as well as discuss both the translational pathway and current limitations in moving new PDE-targeted therapies to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Knott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Mazen Assi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Sudheendra N R Rao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Neuroscience Program, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, The Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Bruce Wayne Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
GABA A receptor expression and white matter disruption in intrauterine growth restricted piglets. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:1-9. [PMID: 28219764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the most common causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. White matter and neuronal injury are major pathophysiological features of the IUGR neonatal brain. GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors have been shown to play a role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and proliferation in the neonatal brain and may be a key factor in white matter injury and myelination in IUGR neonates. Whether there are impairments to the GABAergic system and neuronal cytoskeleton in IUGR brain has yet to be elucidated. This study aims to examine GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunit protein expression and distribution in parietal cortex and hippocampus of the IUGR piglet at four different ages (term=115d - days gestational age), 100d, 104d, birth (postnatal day 0-P0) and P7 and to examine neuronal and myelination patterns. Significant alterations to GABAA receptor α1 and α3 protein expression levels were observed in the IUGR piglet brain of P7 IUGR piglets with significantly greater α3 expression compared to α1 expression in the hippocampus while there was virtually no difference between the two subunits in the parietal cortex. However a significantly lower α1/α3 ratio was evident in P7 IUGR cortex when compared with P7 NG cortex. Neuronal somatodendrites studied using MAP2 immunohistochemistry showed reduced and disrupted somatodendrites while MBP immunolabelling showed loss of axonal fibres from gestational day 104d through to P7. These findings provide insights into the effects of IUGR on the development of the GABA system, altered developmental maturation of GABAA receptor subunit expression in the IUGR brain may influence myelination and may partly explain the cognitive disabilities observed in IUGR. Understanding the mechanisms behind grey and white matter injury in the IUGR infant is essential to identifying targets for treatments to improve long-term outcomes for IUGR infants.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wixey JA, Chand KK, Colditz PB, Bjorkman ST. Review: Neuroinflammation in intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta 2016; 54:117-124. [PMID: 27916232 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption to the maternal environment during pregnancy from events such as hypoxia, stress, toxins, inflammation, and reduced placental blood flow can affect fetal development. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is commonly caused by chronic placental insufficiency, interrupting supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus resulting in abnormal fetal growth. IUGR is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, occurring in approximately 5-10% of pregnancies. The fetal brain is particularly vulnerable in IUGR and there is an increased risk of long-term neurological disorders including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, learning difficulties, behavioural difficulties and psychiatric diagnoses. Few studies have focused on how growth restriction interferes with normal brain development in the IUGR neonate but recent studies in growth restricted animal models demonstrate increased neuroinflammation. This review describes the role of neuroinflammation in the progression of brain injury in growth restricted neonates. Identifying the mediators responsible for alterations in brain development in the IUGR infant is key to prevention and treatment of brain injury in these infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wixey
- The University of Queensland, Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
| | - Kirat K Chand
- The University of Queensland, Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- The University of Queensland, Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - S Tracey Bjorkman
- The University of Queensland, Perinatal Research Centre, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rideau Batista Novais A, Pham H, Van de Looij Y, Bernal M, Mairesse J, Zana-Taieb E, Colella M, Jarreau PH, Pansiot J, Dumont F, Sizonenko S, Gressens P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Tanter M, Demene C, Vaiman D, Baud O. Transcriptomic regulations in oligodendroglial and microglial cells related to brain damage following fetal growth restriction. Glia 2016; 64:2306-2320. [PMID: 27687291 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major complication of human pregnancy, frequently resulting from placental vascular diseases and prenatal malnutrition, and is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes throughout life. However, the mechanisms linking poor fetal growth and neurocognitive impairment are unclear. Here, we aimed to correlate changes in gene expression induced by FGR in rats and abnormal cerebral white matter maturation, brain microstructure, and cortical connectivity in vivo. We investigated a model of FGR induced by low-protein-diet malnutrition between embryonic day 0 and birth using an interdisciplinary approach combining advanced brain imaging, in vivo connectivity, microarray analysis of sorted oligodendroglial and microglial cells and histology. We show that myelination and brain function are both significantly altered in our model of FGR. These alterations, detected first in the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging significantly reduced cortical connectivity as assessed by ultrafast ultrasound imaging. Fetal growth retardation was found associated with white matter dysmaturation as shown by the immunohistochemical profiles and microarrays analyses. Strikingly, transcriptomic and gene network analyses reveal not only a myelination deficit in growth-restricted pups, but also the extensive deregulation of genes controlling neuroinflammation and the cell cycle in both oligodendrocytes and microglia. Our findings shed new light on the cellular and gene regulatory mechanisms mediating brain structural and functional defects in malnutrition-induced FGR, and suggest, for the first time, a neuroinflammatory basis for the poor neurocognitive outcome observed in growth-restricted human infants. GLIA 2016;64:2306-2320.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rideau Batista Novais
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Groupe Hospitalier Robert Debré, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Hoa Pham
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Bernal
- Institut Langevin, CNRS UMR 7587, Inserm U979, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Mairesse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Zana-Taieb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine et Réanimation Néonatales de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Broca, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Marina Colella
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jarreau
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine et Réanimation Néonatales de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin, Broca, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Sizonenko
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Institut Langevin, CNRS UMR 7587, Inserm U979, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Charlie Demene
- Institut Langevin, CNRS UMR 7587, Inserm U979, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1141, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Groupe Hospitalier Robert Debré, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France. .,Fondation PremUp, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tree K, Viemari JC, Cayetanot F, Peyronnet J. Growth restriction induced by chronic prenatal hypoxia affects breathing rhythm and its pontine catecholaminergic modulation. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1654-1662. [PMID: 27486108 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00869.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired transplacental supply of oxygen leads to intrauterine growth restriction, one of the most important causes of perinatal mortality and respiratory morbidity. Breathing rhythm depends on the central respiratory network modulated by catecholamines. We investigated the impact of growth restriction, using prenatal hypoxia, on respiratory frequency, on central respiratory-like rhythm, and on its catecholaminergic modulation after birth. At birth, respiratory frequency was increased and confirmed in en bloc medullary preparations, where the frequency of the fourth cervical (C4) ventral root discharge was increased, and in slice preparations containing the pre-Bötzinger complex with an increased inspiratory rhythm. The inhibition of C4 burst discharge observed in pontomedullary preparations was stronger in the growth-restricted group. These results cannot be directly linked by the tyrosine hydroxylase activity increase of A1/C1 and A2/C2 cell groups in the medulla since blockade of α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors did not abolish the difference between both groups. However, in pontomedullary preparations, the stronger inhibition of C4 burst discharge is probably supported by an increased inhibition of A5, a respiratory rhythm inhibitor pontine group of neurons displaying increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity, because blockade of α2-adrenergic receptors abolished the difference between the two groups. Taken together, these results indicate that growth restriction leads to a perturbation of the breathing frequency, which finds, at least in part, its origin in the modification of catecholaminergic modulation of the central breathing network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tree
- UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - J C Viemari
- UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - F Cayetanot
- UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - J Peyronnet
- UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miller SL, Huppi PS, Mallard C. The consequences of fetal growth restriction on brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome. J Physiol 2016; 594:807-23. [PMID: 26607046 PMCID: PMC4753264 DOI: 10.1113/jp271402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant complication of pregnancy describing a fetus that does not grow to full potential due to pathological compromise. FGR affects 3-9% of pregnancies in high-income countries, and is a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Placental insufficiency is the principal cause of FGR, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxia. This hypoxia induces a fetal adaptive response of cardiac output redistribution to favour vital organs, including the brain, and is in consequence called brain sparing. Despite this, it is now apparent that brain sparing does not ensure normal brain development in growth-restricted fetuses. In this review we have brought together available evidence from human and experimental animal studies to describe the complex changes in brain structure and function that occur as a consequence of FGR. In both humans and animals, neurodevelopmental outcomes are influenced by the timing of the onset of FGR, the severity of FGR, and gestational age at delivery. FGR is broadly associated with reduced total brain volume and altered cortical volume and structure, decreased total number of cells and myelination deficits. Brain connectivity is also impaired, evidenced by neuronal migration deficits, reduced dendritic processes, and less efficient networks with decreased long-range connections. Subsequent to these structural alterations, short- and long-term functional consequences have been described in school children who had FGR, most commonly including problems in motor skills, cognition, memory and neuropsychological dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Petra S Huppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|