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Taskintuna K, Bhat MA, Shaikh T, Hum J, Golestaneh N. Sex-dependent regulation of retinal pigment epithelium and retinal function by Pgc-1α. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1442079. [PMID: 39285939 PMCID: PMC11403373 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1442079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness that affects people over 60. While aging is the prominent factor in AMD, studies have reported a higher prevalence of AMD in women compared to age-matched men. Higher levels of the innate immune response's effector proteins complement factor B and factor I were also found in females compared to males in intermediate AMD. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain elusive. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic pathways. Previously, we showed that Pgc-1α repression and high-fat diet induce drastic AMD-like phenotypes in mice. Our recent data revealed that Pgc-1α repression alone can also induce retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal dysfunction in mice, and its inhibition in vitro results in lipid droplet accumulation in human RPE. Whether sex is a contributing factor in these phenotypes remains to be elucidated. Using electroretinography, we demonstrate that sex could influence RPE function during aging independent of Pgc-1α in wild-type (WT) mice. We further show that Pgc-1α repression exacerbates RPE and retinal dysfunction in females compared to aged-match male mice. Gene expression analyses revealed that Pgc-1α differentially regulates genes related to antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial dynamics in males and females. RPE flat mounts immunolabeled with TOMM20 and DRP1 indicated a sex-dependent role for Pgc-1α in regulating mitochondrial fission. Analyses of mitochondrial network morphology suggested sex-dependent effects of Pgc-1α repression on mitochondrial dynamics. Together, our study demonstrates that inhibition of Pgc-1α induces a sex-dependent decline in RPE and retinal function in mice. These observations on the sex-dependent regulation of RPE and retinal function could offer novel insights into targeted therapeutic approaches for age-related RPE and retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Taskintuna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mohd Akbar Bhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tasneem Shaikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jacob Hum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nady Golestaneh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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Alur P, Holla I, Hussain N. Impact of sex, race, and social determinants of health on neonatal outcomes. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1377195. [PMID: 38655274 PMCID: PMC11035752 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1377195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the global improvements in neonatal outcomes, mortality and morbidity rates among preterm infants are still unacceptably high. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly analyze the factors that affect these outcomes, including sex, race, and social determinants of health. By comprehending the influence of these factors, we can work towards reducing their impact and enhancing the quality of neonatal care. This review will summarize the available evidence on sex differences, racial differences, and social determinants of health related to neonates. This review will discuss sex differences in neonatal outcomes in part I and racial differences with social determinants of health in part II. Research has shown that sex differences begin to manifest in the early part of the pregnancy. Hence, we will explore this topic under two main categories: (1) Antenatal and (2) Postnatal sex differences. We will also discuss long-term outcome differences wherever the evidence is available. Multiple factors determine health outcomes during pregnancy and the newborn period. Apart from the genetic, biological, and sex-based differences that influence fetal and neonatal outcomes, racial and social factors influence the health and well-being of developing humans. Race categorizes humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally considered distinct within a given society. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. These factors can include a person's living conditions, access to healthy food, education, employment status, income level, and social support. Understanding these factors is essential in developing strategies to improve overall health outcomes in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Alur
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hampden Medical Center, Enola, PA, United States
| | - Ira Holla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Naveed Hussain
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children’s, Hartford, CT, United States
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Hundscheid TM, Gulden S, Almutairi MF, Bartoš F, Cavallaro G, Villamor E. Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review, frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:340-352. [PMID: 38010442 PMCID: PMC11052874 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is generally considered to be more frequent in males than in females. However, it is not known whether sex differences in ROP affect all degrees of the condition, are global and have changed as neonatology has developed. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing ROP. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched. The frequentist, random-effects risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Bayesian model averaged (BMA) meta-analysis was used to calculate the Bayes factors (BFs). The BF10 is the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis (H1) over the probability of the data under the null hypothesis (H0). RESULTS We included 205 studies (867,252 infants). Frequentist meta-analysis showed a positive association between male sex and severe ROP (113 studies, RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.22) but no association with any ROP (144 studies, RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.96-1.03). BMA showed extreme evidence in favor of H1 for severe ROP (BF10 = 71,174) and strong evidence in favor of H0 for any ROP (BF10 = 0.05). The association between male sex and severe ROP remained stable over time and was present only in cohorts from countries with a high or high-middle sociodemographic index. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the presence of a male disadvantage in severe ROP but not in less severe forms of the disease. There are variations in the sex differences in ROP, depending on geographical location and sociodemographic level of the countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Hundscheid
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25. P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Gulden
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Mohamad F Almutairi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25. P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - František Bartoš
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Cavallaro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25. P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Qiu F, Zhang H, Cui Y, Zhang L, Zhou W, Huang M, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y. Associations of maternal urinary rare earth elements individually and in mixtures with neonatal size at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123163. [PMID: 38104763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal rare earth elements (REEs) exposure is linked to unfavorable health consequences. Epidemiologic research on repeated measurements of REEs during gestation correlated with fetal growth is exiguous. Until now, few studies have characterized exposure characteristics of REEs in pregnant women. We aimed to ascertain the characteristics and predictors of REEs exposure over three trimesters among pregnant women and examine the possible effects of prenatal REEs exposure on size at birth. Urinary REEs concentrations exhibited considerable within-subject variation with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.16 to 0.58. Maternal age, household income, gestational weight gain, passive smoking during pregnancy, parity, and neonatal gender were associated with maternal urinary REEs concentrations. Elevated maternal urinary holmium and thulium concentrations in the 3rd trimester were significantly related to reductions in birth weight. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model identified that urinary REEs mixture in the 3rd trimester were negatively related to birth weight (WQSREEs β = -26.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -47.62, -4.82), with holmium (40%) and thulium (24%) receiving the highest weights. Male infants received the most weight (>50%) related to decreased birth weight. This study revealed a significant association between individual and mixture REE exposure in late pregnancy with a reduction in birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Godinho N, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A, Caldas Afonso A, Sousa T, Correia-Costa L. Gender-related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress among prepubertal children with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:42-51. [PMID: 38054937 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender-related differences in oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined in a cross-sectional study involving 313 prepubertal children (8-9 years old) from the generation XXI birth-cohort. METHODS Anthropometric measurements, cardiometabolic variables, and redox markers were assessed, including plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), plasma total antioxidant status (P-TAS), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOX, U-NOX), and urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2). RESULTS Girls showed higher levels of total/non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared to boys. Notably, U-H2O2 values were lower in girls. When stratifying by body mass index (BMI) and gender, both girls and boys exhibited higher MPO concentration and U-Isop values. Uric acid concentration was higher in overweight and obese girls than in normal weight girls, while no significant differences were observed among boys across BMI categories. Furthermore, U-NOX values differed only in boys, with higher levels observed in overweight and obese individuals compared to those with normal weight. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and BMI z-score, demonstrated inverse associations between U-H2O2 and pulse wave velocity values, as well as between U-NOX and total or non-HDL cholesterol, exclusively in boys. In girls, a positive association between U-Isop and HOMA-IR values was observed. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, gender differentially impacts oxidative stress, nitric oxide bioavailability, and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children. Prepubertal girls appear more susceptible to oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunction, while in boys, elevated levels of redox and nitric oxide bioavailability markers seem to provide protection against arterial stiffness and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Godinho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto (FFUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liane Correia-Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
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Thangaraj SV, Zeng L, Pennathur S, Lea R, Sinclair KD, Bellingham M, Evans NP, Auchus R, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Impact of preconceptional and gestational exposure to a real-life environmental chemical mixture on maternal steroid, cytokine and oxidative stress milieus in sheep. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165674. [PMID: 37495149 PMCID: PMC10568064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational exposure to environmental chemicals (ECs) is associated with adverse, sex-specific offspring health effects of global concern. As the maternal steroid, cytokine and oxidative stress milieus can have critical effects on pregnancy outcomes and the programming of diseases in offspring, it is important to study the impact of real-life EC exposure, i.e., chronic low levels of mixtures of ECs on these milieus. Sheep exposed to biosolids, derived from human waste, is an impactful model representing the ECs humans are exposed to in real-life. Offspring of sheep grazed on biosolids-treated pasture are characterized by reproductive and metabolic disruptions. OBJECTIVE To determine if biosolids exposure disrupts the maternal steroid, cytokine and oxidative stress milieus, in a fetal sex-specific manner. METHODS Ewes were maintained before mating and through gestation on pastures fertilized with biosolids (BTP), or inorganic fertilizer (Control). From maternal plasma collected mid-gestation, 19 steroids, 14 cytokines, 6 oxidative stress markers were quantified. Unpaired t-test and ANOVA were used to test for differences between control and BTP groups (n = 15/group) and between groups based on fetal sex, respectively. Correlation between the different markers was assessed by Spearman correlation. RESULTS Concentrations of the mineralocorticoids - deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, the glucocorticoids - deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone, the sex steroids - androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 16-OH-progesterone and reactive oxygen metabolites were higher in the BTP ewes compared to Controls, while the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17A and anti-inflammatory IL-36RA were decreased in the BTP group. BTP ewes with a female fetus had lower levels of IP-10. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that pre-conceptional and gestational exposure to ECs in biosolids increases steroids, reactive oxygen metabolites and disrupts cytokines in maternal circulation, likely contributors to the aberrant phenotypic outcomes seen in offspring of BTP sheep - a translationally relevant precocial model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Thangaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Pennathur
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Lea
- Schools of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - K D Sinclair
- Schools of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Bellingham
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - N P Evans
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - R Auchus
- Departments of Pharmacology & Internal medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - V Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Yao L, Liu L, Dong M, Yang J, Zhao Z, Chen J, Lv L, Wu Z, Wang J, Sun X, Self S, Bhatti P. Trimester-specific prenatal heavy metal exposures and sex-specific postpartum size and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:895-902. [PMID: 35490160 PMCID: PMC9617807 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research considering the effects of prenatal exposure to multiple heavy metals on early childhood size and growth. OBJECTIVE We evaluated prenatal exposures to 15 heavy metals in association with measures of weight, length, and head circumference (HC) measured at birth, and 1, 3 and 6 months of age in a study of 358 mother-child pairs. METHODS Urinary concentrations were measured in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and examined, using sex-stratified general linear models, in association with average standardized size and changes in size (growth) over the first 6 months of life. Confounding effects among metals were explored. RESULTS Increased first trimester Hg and V were associated with decreased average HC among males and weight among females, respectively. Increased first trimester V was associated with a decline in weight among females over time. Increased third trimester Cs, Rb and Tl were associated with increased average weight and HC among males. Increased third trimester Se was associated with increased HC among females over time. Evidence for confounding was observed between Cs, Rb and Tl in association with weight and HC. SIGNIFICANCE We observed multiple biologically plausible associations between prenatal heavy metal exposures and postnatal size and growth. IMPACT We have taken a comprehensive and novel approach to evaluating the impacts of prenatal heavy metal exposures on size and growth during early childhood. Our detailed analyses consider exposures to 15 different heavy metals at two time points during pregnancy, as well as multiple metrics of size and growth collected at birth and 1, 3 and 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Yao
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Lv
- Guangdong Maternal and Child Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wu
- Nanhai Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Steven Self
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Teo SM, Murrin CM, Mehegan J, Douglas A, Hébert JR, Segurado R, Kelleher CC, Phillips CM. Associations between maternal dietary scores during early pregnancy with placental outcomes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1060709. [PMID: 36845057 PMCID: PMC9945217 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Individual macronutrient and micronutrient effects on placental growth have been widely investigated. However, the influence of overall maternal diet is relatively unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine associations between a range of maternal dietary scores during early pregnancy with placental outcomes, and to investigate whether there is evidence of sexual dimorphism. Methods This analysis of the Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort includes 276 mother-child pairs. A validated 148-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal diet in early pregnancy. Dietary scores reflecting dietary quality [Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)], dietary inflammatory potential [Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the energy adjusted DII (E-DII)], dietary antioxidant status [Dietary Antioxidant Quality (DAQ)], and glycemic and insulinemic loads/indices (GL/GI, IL/II) were calculated. Linear regression analyses assessed maternal dietary score relationships with untrimmed placental weight (PW) and birth weight:placental weight (BW:PW) ratio. Results In fully adjusted models, maternal E-DII and GI were positively associated, and HEI-2015 and DAQ were negatively associated with PW (B: 12.31, 95% CI: 0.41, 24.20, p = 0.04, B: 4.13, 95% CI: 0.10, 8.17, p = 0.04, B: -2.70, 95% CI: -5.03, -0.35, p = 0.02 and B: -15.03, 95% CI: -28.08, -1.98, p = 0.02, for E-DII, GI, HEI-2015 and DAQ respectively). Maternal DAQ associations with BW:PW ratio were attenuated. When stratified by sex, maternal GI and pregnancy-specific DAQ were associated with PW in female offspring (B: 5.61, 95% CI: 0.27, 10.96, p = 0.04 and B: -15.31, 95% CI: -30.35, -0.27, p = 0.046). Maternal E-DII and HEI-2015 were associated with PW in males (B: 24.31, 95% CI: 5.66, 42.96, p = 0.01 and B: -3.85, 95% CI: -7.47, -0.35, p = 0.03 respectively). Conclusion The results of this novel investigation suggest that maternal diet may influence placental development. Female fetuses may be more sensitive to increased glucose levels whereas male fetuses may be more susceptible to in-utero stresses that are regulated by inflammatory pathways and overall diet quality. Hence, early pregnancy offers an opportune time for a mother to prioritize dietary changes that focus on reducing inflammatory and glycemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevaun M. Teo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Celine M. Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander Douglas
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R. Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cecily C. Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M. Phillips
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Catherine M. Phillips,
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Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Sajti E, Lingappan K. Remarkable sex-specific differences at single-cell resolution in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L5-L31. [PMID: 36283964 PMCID: PMC9799156 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00269.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) predisposes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterized by abnormal alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development, in preterm neonates. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is used to recapitulate the phenotype of human BPD in murine models. Male sex is considered an independent predictor for the development of BPD, but the main mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to investigate sex-specific and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive injury in the neonatal lung exposed to hyperoxia at single-cell resolution and delineate the changes in cell-cell communication networks in the developing lung. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to generate transcriptional profiles of >35,000 cells isolated from the lungs of neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% [Formula: see text] between PND1-5 (saccular stage of lung development) or normoxia and euthanized at PND7 (alveolar stage of lung development). ScRNAseq identified 22 cell clusters with distinct populations of endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Our data identified that the distal lung vascular endothelium (composed of aerocytes and general capillary endothelial cells) is exquisitely sensitive to hyperoxia exposure with the emergence of an intermediate capillary endothelial population with both general capillaries (gCap) and aerocytes or alveolar capillaries (aCap) markers. We also identified a myeloid-derived suppressor cell population from the lung neutrophils. Sex-specific differences were evident in all lung cell subpopulations but were striking among the lung immune cells. Finally, we identified that the specific intercellular communication networks and the ligand-receptor pairs that are impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Manuel C Gutierrez
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Li T, Sun Y, Zhang S, Xu Y, Li K, Xie C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cao J, Wang X, Penninger JM, Kroemer G, Blomgren K, Zhu C. AIF Overexpression Aggravates Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Male Mice After Hypoxia-Ischemia Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6613-6631. [PMID: 35974295 PMCID: PMC9525408 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There are sex differences in the severity, mechanisms, and outcomes of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) brain injury, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) may play a critical role in this discrepancy. Based on previous findings that AIF overexpression aggravates neonatal HI brain injury, we further investigated potential sex differences in the severity and molecular mechanisms underlying the injury using mice that overexpress AIF from homozygous transgenes. We found that the male sex significantly aggravated AIF-driven brain damage, as indicated by the injury volume in the gray matter (2.25 times greater in males) and by the lost volume of subcortical white matter (1.71 greater in males) after HI. As compared to females, male mice exhibited more severe brain injury, correlating with reduced antioxidant capacities, more pronounced protein carbonylation and nitration, and increased neuronal cell death. Under physiological conditions (without HI), the doublecortin-positive area in the dentate gyrus of females was 1.15 times larger than in males, indicating that AIF upregulation effectively promoted neurogenesis in females in the long term. We also found that AIF stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in young males. Altogether, these findings corroborate earlier studies and further demonstrate that AIF is involved in oxidative stress, which contributes to the sex-specific differences observed in neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kenan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cuicui Xie
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Moreno-Fernandez J, Ochoa JJ, De Paco Matallana C, Caño A, Martín-Alvarez E, Sanchez-Romero J, Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Prados S, Ruiz-Duran S, Diaz-Meca L, Carrillo MP, Diaz-Castro J. COVID-19 during Gestation: Maternal Implications of Evoked Oxidative Stress and Iron Metabolism Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:184. [PMID: 35204067 PMCID: PMC8868249 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has reached pandemic proportions worldwide, with considerable consequences for both health and the economy. In pregnant women, COVID-19 can alter the metabolic environment, iron metabolism, and oxygen supply of trophoblastic cells, and therefore have a negative influence on essential mechanisms of fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy with regard to the oxidative/antioxidant status in mothers' serum and placenta, together with placental iron metabolism. Results showed no differences in superoxide dismutase activity and placental antioxidant capacity. However, antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum of infected mothers. Catalase activity decreased in the COVID-19 group, while an increase in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, hydroperoxides, 15-FT-isoprostanes, and carbonyl groups were recorded in this group. Placental vitamin D, E, and Coenzyme-Q10 also showed to be increased in the COVID-19 group. As for iron-related proteins, an up-regulation of placental DMT1, ferroportin-1, and ferritin expression was recorded in infected women. Due to the potential role of iron metabolism and oxidative stress in placental function and complications, further research is needed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 that may affect pregnancy, so as to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes in mothers' and infants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Catalina De Paco Matallana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Africa Caño
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Estefania Martín-Alvarez
- Unit of Neonatology, Pediatric Service, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Javier Sanchez-Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Prados
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Susana Ruiz-Duran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Lucia Diaz-Meca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.S.-R.); (L.D.-M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Paz Carrillo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (S.R.-D.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (J.M.T.); (M.P.-J.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18012 Granada, Spain
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12
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Aparicio VA, Baena-García L, Flor-Alemany M, Martínez-González LJ, Varela-López A, Sánchez C, Quiles JL. Differences in maternal and neonatal cardiometabolic markers and placenta status by foetal sex. The GESTAFIT project. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2022; 18:17455057221117976. [PMID: 35989614 PMCID: PMC9393354 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To explore the differences in some maternal-neonatal metabolic markers and
placenta status by foetal sex. Methods: One hundred thirty-nine Caucasian pregnant women from the GESTAFIT project
and their new-borns were included in the present cross-sectional study.
Serum cardiometabolic markers (i.e. lipid and glycaemic profile and uric
acid) were analysed at late pregnancy and at birth. In placenta, telomeres
length, proportion of deleted mitochondrial-DNA and mitochondrial-DNA
density, some minerals and interleukin 8, epidermal growth factor,
fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were
measured. The study was run between November 2015 and April 2018. Results: Mothers carrying a male showed higher serum triglycerides than mothers
carrying a female at late pregnancy (p < .05). Serum
total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were greater in males’
umbilical cord blood artery compared to females’ new-borns (both,
p < .05). Mothers of males and male new-borns
presented higher uric acid than mothers of females and female new-borns at
birth (p < .05). Female’s placentas presented greater
placental-newborn weight ratio, manganese content and fibroblast growth
factor-2 (all, p ⩽ .05), and evidence of statistical
significance in telomeres length, which were 17% longer
(p = .076). Conclusion: Our findings show weak differences in some cardiometabolic and placental
status markers by foetal sex. Notwithstanding, we observed a slightly more
proatherogenic profile in both, mothers carrying males’ foetuses and male
new-borns. We also found lower serum uric acid and better placenta status in
mothers carrying a female. These findings indicate that foetal sex might
need to be considered for a more personalized follow-up of pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Baena-García
- Sport and Health University Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research (IBS), Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J Martínez-González
- GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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13
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Chen J, Zhong W, Hou L, Lin T, Lyv J, Tian Y, Ma Z, He Q, Zhong W. Predictive factors for rapid progression in preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:970998. [PMID: 36699309 PMCID: PMC9869057 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.970998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency with significant mortality and morbidity rates. A subset of patients progressed rapidly and underwent surgical intervention within a short period. This study aimed to establish a model to predict the rapid progression of NEC in preterm neonates. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to review neonates with NEC between December 2015 and April 2019 at the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Rapidly progressive NEC was defined as the need for surgical intervention or death within 48 h of NEC onset. Patients were divided into two groups: rapidly progressive NEC (RP-NEC) and non-rapidly progressive NEC (nRP-NEC). Data on demographics, perinatal characteristics, examination variables, and radiographic findings at onset were collected. RESULTS A total of 216 preterm neonates with NEC were included in the study, of which 64 had RP-NEC and 152 had nRP-NEC. The mortality rates of patients with RP-NEC and nRP-NEC were 32.8% and 3.28%, respectively. Male sex (p-value, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.002, 3.43 [1.57, 7.53]), portal venous gas (0.000, 8.82 [3.73, 20.89]), neutrophils <2.0 × 109/L (0.005, 4.44 [1.59, 12.43]), pH <7.3 (7.2 ≤ pH < 7.3) (0.041, 2.95 [1.05, 8.31]), and pH <7.2 (0.000, 11.95 [2.97, 48.12]) at NEC onset were identified as independent risk factors for RP-NEC. An established model that included the four risk factors presented an area under the curve of 0.801 with 83% specificity and 66% sensitivity. CONCLUSION Among preterm neonates with NEC, a significantly higher mortality rate was observed in those with rapid progression. It is recommended that close surveillance be performed in these patients, and we are confident that our established model can efficiently predict this rapid progression course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longlong Hou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tulian Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Lyv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuyi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Ambient air pollution and inflammatory effects in a Canadian pregnancy cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e168. [PMID: 34934889 PMCID: PMC8683146 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported associations between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the biologic mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear as few studies have collected relevant biomarker data. We examined relationships between ambient PM2.5 and NO2 with markers of inflammation during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of Canadian women. Methods: We analyzed data from 1170 women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. Daily residential PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during pregnancy were estimated using satellite-based and land-use regression models and used to create 14-day and 30-day exposure windows before blood-draw. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in third trimester plasma samples. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 and NO2 and markers of inflammation, while adjusting for individual-level confounders. Results: Fourteen-day (IQR: 6.85 µg/m3) and 30-day (IQR: 6.15 µg/m3) average PM2.5 exposures before blood-draw were positively associated with C-reactive protein after adjustment for covariates (24.6% [95% CI = 9.4, 41.9] and 17.4% [95% CI = 1.0, 35.0] increases, respectively). This association was found to be robust in several sensitivity analyses. Neither PM2.5 nor NO2 exposures were associated with interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusion: Exposure to ambient PM2.5 is positively associated with maternal inflammatory pathways in late pregnancy. This may contribute to positive associations between ambient PM2.5 and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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15
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No Evidence for Sex-specificity in Vitamins C, E, and Fatty Acid Content of Human Milk from Healthy Polish Mothers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:e20-e25. [PMID: 33783401 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human milk (HM) is a complex fluid that meets the nutritional needs of infants. Its composition is associated with environmental, maternal, and fetal variables. It provides nutrients and bioactive substances, including cytokines, immunoglobulins, and constituents with antioxidative properties. Boys are reportedly more susceptible to oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the relationship between infant sex and the antioxidants vitamins C and E, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of HM. Results of this investigation may infer sex differences for the composition of infant formulas. METHODS Thirty days after delivery, a sample of HM was collected from 152 healthy, non-smoking mothers of full-term new-borns (77 males) born in good clinical condition. After FAs were extracted from the fat component, they were converted into methyl esters and separated using high-performance gas chromatography. Tocopherol content was determined using a method described in a previous study. Vitamin C content was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, as described in the same study. RESULTS The study groups (male vs female offspring) did not differ in terms of vitamin and FA content in HM. The only difference found was in gondoic acid 20:1 (n-9), with a higher concentration in the HM of mothers with female offspring (mean 0.63 ± 0.18 vs 0.59 ± 0.15 g/100 g FA; P < 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Despite the acknowledged differences in the composition of HM associated with infant sex and the increased oxidative stress in males, antioxidant content did not appear to differ according to infant sex. These results suggest that there is no need for the antioxidant content of infant formulas to be sex-specific.
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16
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da Costa Faria NR, Chaves-Filho AB, Alcantara LCJ, de Siqueira IC, Calcagno JI, Miyamoto S, de Filippis AMB, Yoshinaga MY. Plasma lipidome profiling of newborns with antenatal exposure to Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009388. [PMID: 33930014 PMCID: PMC8115770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil was remarkably linked to the incidence of microcephaly and other deleterious clinical manifestations, including eye abnormalities, in newborns. It is known that ZIKV targets the placenta, triggering an inflammatory profile that may cause placental insufficiency. Transplacental lipid transport is delicately regulated during pregnancy and deficiency on the delivery of lipids such as arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids may lead to deficits in both brain and retina during fetal development. Here, plasma lipidome profiles of ZIKV exposed microcephalic and normocephalic newborns were compared to non-infected controls. Our results reveal major alterations in circulating lipids from both ZIKV exposed newborns with and without microcephaly relative to controls. In newborns with microcephaly, the plasma concentrations of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), primarily as 13-HODE isomer, derived from linoleic acid were higher as compared to normocephalic ZIKV exposed newborns and controls. Total HODE concentrations were also positively associated with levels of other oxidized lipids and several circulating free fatty acids in newborns, indicating a possible plasma lipidome signature of microcephaly. Moreover, higher concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine in ZIKV exposed normocephalic newborns relative to controls suggest a potential disruption of polyunsaturated fatty acids transport across the blood-brain barrier of fetuses. The latter data is particularly important given the neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental abnormalities observed in follow-up studies involving children with antenatal ZIKV exposure, but normocephalic at birth. Taken together, our data reveal that plasma lipidome alterations associated with antenatal exposure to ZIKV could contribute to identification and monitoring of the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes at birth and further, during childhood. Antenatal exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) is linked to a wide range of clinical presentations at birth, from asymptomatic cases to microcephaly, and other neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental abnormalities manifested in the early childhood. Stratification of these clinical phenotypes in newborns with suspected antenatal ZIKV exposure is challenging, but critical to improve early assessment of rehabilitative interventions. In this study, plasma lipidome profiling of 274 lipid species was performed in both normocephalic and microcephalic newborns with antenatal ZIKV exposure and compared to non-infected controls. Multiple lipid species were independent predictors of antenatal ZIKV exposure. More specifically, microcephaly was strongly associated with an oxidized free fatty acid and ZIKV exposed normocephalic newborns exhibited higher plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine relative to controls. These findings emphasize the need for studies focused on the role of individual lipids in neuropathogenesis of ZIKV and raise the potential of plasma lipidome profiling for early diagnosis of newborns with suspected antenatal ZIKV exposure. To validate the predictive ability of this approach, prospective studies with a larger cohort of newborns are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Ignacio Calcagno
- Maternidade Prof. José Maria de Magalhães Netto, State Health Secretary (Salvador), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Preterm birth and sustained inflammation: consequences for the neonate. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:451-468. [PMID: 32661735 PMCID: PMC7508934 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost half of all preterm births are caused or triggered by an inflammatory process at the feto-maternal interface resulting in preterm labor or rupture of membranes with or without chorioamnionitis (“first inflammatory hit”). Preterm babies have highly vulnerable body surfaces and immature organ systems. They are postnatally confronted with a drastically altered antigen exposure including hospital-specific microbes, artificial devices, drugs, nutritional antigens, and hypoxia or hyperoxia (“second inflammatory hit”). This is of particular importance to extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks, as they have not experienced important “third-trimester” adaptation processes to tolerate maternal and self-antigens. Instead of a balanced adaptation to extrauterine life, the delicate co-regulation between immune defense mechanisms and immunosuppression (tolerance) to allow microbiome establishment is therefore often disturbed. Hence, preterm infants are predisposed to sepsis but also to several injurious conditions that can contribute to the onset or perpetuation of sustained inflammation (SI). This is a continuing challenge to clinicians involved in the care of preterm infants, as SI is regarded as a crucial mediator for mortality and the development of morbidities in preterm infants. This review will outline the (i) role of inflammation for short-term consequences of preterm birth and (ii) the effect of SI on organ development and long-term outcome.
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18
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Palanisamy A, Giri T, Jiang J, Bice A, Quirk JD, Conyers SB, Maloney SE, Raghuraman N, Bauer AQ, Garbow JR, Wozniak DF. In utero exposure to transient ischemia-hypoxemia promotes long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities in male rat offspring. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133172. [PMID: 32434985 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of transient ischemic-hypoxemic insults on the developing fetal brain is poorly understood despite evidence suggesting an association with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. To address this, we designed an aberrant uterine hypercontractility paradigm with oxytocin to better assess the consequences of acute, but transient, placental ischemia-hypoxemia in term pregnant rats. Using MRI, we confirmed that oxytocin-induced aberrant uterine hypercontractility substantially compromised uteroplacental perfusion. This was supported by the observation of oxidative stress and increased lactate concentration in the fetal brain. Genes related to oxidative stress pathways were significantly upregulated in male, but not female, offspring 1 hour after oxytocin-induced placental ischemia-hypoxemia. Persistent upregulation of select mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent male offspring suggested that this sex-specific effect was enduring. Functionally, offspring exposed to oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontractility showed male-specific abnormalities in social behavior with associated region-specific changes in gene expression and functional cortical connectivity. Our findings, therefore, indicate that even transient but severe placental ischemia-hypoxemia could be detrimental to the developing brain and point to a possible mitochondrial link between intrauterine asphyxia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | - Annie Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Waugh
- EnviroManagement Services, Bandon, County Cork, Ireland
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20
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Weight loss thresholds to detect early hypernatremia in newborns. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Ferrández-González M, Bosch-Giménez V, López-Lozano J, Moreno-López N, Palazón-Bru A, Cortés-Castell E. Weight loss thresholds to detect early hypernatremia in newborns. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:689-695. [PMID: 30030986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature indicates a single universal cut-off point for weight loss after birth for the risk of hypernatremia, without considering other factors. The aim of this study was to construct and internally validate cut-off points for the percentage weight loss associated with the risk of hypernatremia, taking into account risk factors. METHODS A prospective study with a three-day follow-up was conducted in 165 neonates with a gestational age ≥35 weeks. The main outcome variable was mild or moderate hypernatremia (serum sodium≥145mmol/L). Secondary variables (risk factors) were maternal and infant variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to predict hypernatremia, obtaining its probability and the optimal discriminant cut-off point for hypernatremia (receiver operating characteristic analysis). Based on this point, threshold weight loss values were obtained according to the other variables. These values were internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS There were 51 cases (30.9%) of hypernatremia. The mean percentage weight loss for hypernatremic infants was 8.6% and 6.0% for the rest. Associated variables in the multivariate model included greater weight loss, male gender, higher education level, multiparity, and cesarean delivery. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (sensitivity=77.6%; specificity=73.2%). Similar values were obtained in the bootstrapping validation. The lowest percentage weight loss was 4.77%, for cesarean delivery in male infants of mothers with a higher education level. CONCLUSIONS The weight loss percentage values depended on the type of delivery, parity, newborn gender, and level of maternal education. External studies are required to validate these values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose López-Lozano
- Hospital Vega Baja, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Palazón-Bru
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ernesto Cortés-Castell
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría y Química Orgánica, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Role of Gender in Regulation of Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050135. [PMID: 31100969 PMCID: PMC6562572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the diseases with a well-established gender dimorphism. The prevalence of PAH is increased in females with a ratio of 4:1, while poor survival prognosis is associated with the male gender. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of gender in disease development and progression is unclear due to the complex nature of the PAH. Oxidative and nitrosative stresses are important contributors in PAH pathogenesis; however, the role of gender in redox homeostasis has been understudied. This review is aimed to overview the possible sex-specific mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in relation to PAH pathobiology.
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23
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Banu SK, Stanley JA, Taylor RJ, Sivakumar KK, Arosh JA, Zeng L, Pennathur S, Padmanabhan V. Sexually Dimorphic Impact of Chromium Accumulation on Human Placental Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:375-387. [PMID: 29069462 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination with hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is a growing problem both in the United States and developing countries. Hexavalent chromium is widely used in numerous industries. Environmental exposure to CrVI adversely affects pregnancy outcomes and subsequent health of 2 generations, resulting in higher pregnancy loss, spontaneous abortion and low birth rate. Pregnant women exposed to CrVI through occupational settings experience increased risk of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, and neonatal death. Children of the CrVI exposed women experience respiratory problems, perinatal jaundice, and increased birth defects. Because placental dysfunction may have a role in such adverse pregnancy outcome, we tested the hypothesis that environmental Cr exposure in pregnant women results in Cr accumulation in the human placenta, which could increase placental oxidative stress by disrupting antioxidant machinery and inducing apoptosis. Studies using frozen, deidentified human term placenta samples indicated that: (1) Cr accumulates in human term placenta tissues and (2) increase in Cr accumulation is positively correlated with oxidative stress and apoptotic markers, and altered antioxidants levels. Interestingly, there was a sexual dimorphism in the correlation between Cr accumulation and oxidative stress, and expression of apoptotic and antioxidant markers. Mechanistic in vitro studies using human trophoblast cells BeWo confirmed the detrimental effects of Cr in altering antioxidant genes. For the first time, this study provides evidence in support of a positive correlation between Cr accumulation in the human placenta and accelerated oxidative stress, with a gender bias toward the male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jone A Stanley
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Robert J Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Kirthiram K Sivakumar
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Joe A Arosh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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24
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Cairo SB, Tabak BD, Berman L, Berkelhamer SK, Yu G, Rothstein DH. Mortality after emergency abdominal operations in premature infants. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:2105-2111. [PMID: 29453133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/BACKGROUND To determine risk of 30-day mortality for premature infants undergoing abdominal operations during the first 2 months of life and to identify risk factors for perioperative mortality using available demographic and clinical variables of interest. BASIC PROCEDURES Retrospective descriptive analysis of premature infants (gestational age less than or equal to 36weeks) undergoing abdominal operations during the first 2 months of life using the American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Pediatric (NSQIP-P, 2012-2015) database. A stepwise logistic regression model incorporating multiple demographic and clinical factors was constructed to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality. FINDINGS A total of 1554 premature infants were identified who underwent abdominal operations during the first 2 months of life. Unadjusted 30-day mortality ranged from 31% for infants born <24weeks gestational age to 4.9% for those born at 35-36weeks. Increased gestational age corresponded to decreased risk of mortality but week-by-week was not independently predictive of mortality in multivariate modeling. Female sex (aOR 1.51, 95% C.I. 1.08-2.10, p=0.014), inotrope support (aOR 3.46, 95% C.I. 2.43-4.92, p<0.001), ventilator use (aOR 2.86, 95% C.I. 1.56-5.25, p<0.001) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 (aOR 4.14, 95% C.I. 1.58-10.81, p=0.004) at time of operation were all associated with significantly increased risk of 30-day mortality. On stepwise logistic regression incorporating only those variables with statistical significance, female sex, inotrope, and ventilator support retained statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Premature infants undergoing abdominal operations during the first 2 months of life have expectedly high risk of 30-day mortality. Female sex, inotrope, and ventilator support are independently associated with increased risk of mortality and can be incorporated into a model where, if present, risk of mortality is greater than 14.2%. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Cairo
- Department of Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14202, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Tabak
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Surgery, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA.
| | - Loren Berman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, Delaware 19803.
| | - Sara K Berkelhamer
- Division of Neonatology, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14202, USA; State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, 710 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - David H Rothstein
- State University of New York at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
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25
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O'Driscoll DN, Greene CM, Molloy EJ. Immune function? A missing link in the gender disparity in preterm neonatal outcomes. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 13:1061-1071. [PMID: 28972799 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1386555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In neonatology, males exhibit a more severe disease course and poorer prognosis in many pathological states when compared to females. Perinatal brain injury, respiratory morbidity, and sepsis, among other complications, preferentially affect males. Preterm neonates (born <37 weeks gestation) display a particularly marked sexual disparity in pathology, especially at the borders of viability. The sex biases in preterm neonatal outcomes and underlying multifactorial mechanisms have been incompletely explored. Sex-specific clinical phenomena may be partially explained by intrinsic differences in immune function. The distinct immune system of preterm neonates renders this patient population vulnerable, and it is increasingly important to consider biological sex in disease processes and to strive for improved outcomes for both sexes. Areas covered: We discuss the cellular responses and molecular intermediates in immune function which are strongly dependent on sex-specific factors such as the genetic and hormonal milieu of premature birth and consider novel findings in a clinical context. Expert commentary: The role of immune function in the manifestation of sex-specific disease manifestations and outcomes in preterm neonates is a critical prognostic variable. Further mechanistic elucidation will yield valuable translational and clinical information of disease processes in preterm neonates which may be harnessed for modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Driscoll
- a Neonatology , National Maternity Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,b Pediatrics, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , The University of Dublin, National Children's Hospital, AMNCH , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- c Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- a Neonatology , National Maternity Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,b Pediatrics, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , The University of Dublin, National Children's Hospital, AMNCH , Dublin , Ireland.,d Neonatology , Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland.,e Neonatology , Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin , Dublin , Ireland
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26
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Aljunaidy MM, Morton JS, Kirschenman R, Phillips T, Case CP, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Maternal treatment with a placental-targeted antioxidant (MitoQ) impacts offspring cardiovascular function in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:332-342. [PMID: 29778808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction, a common consequence of prenatal hypoxia, is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality with a significant impact on population health. Hypoxia may increase placental oxidative stress and lead to an abnormal release of placental-derived factors, which are emerging as potential contributors to developmental programming. Nanoparticle-linked drugs are emerging as a novel method to deliver therapeutics targeted to the placenta and avoid risking direct exposure to the fetus. We hypothesize that placental treatment with antioxidant MitoQ loaded onto nanoparticles (nMitoQ) will prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Pregnant rats were intravenously injected with saline or nMitoQ (125 μM) on gestational day (GD) 15 and exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from GD15-21 (term: 22 days). In one set of animals, rats were euthanized on GD 21 to assess fetal body weight, placental weight and placental oxidative stress. In another set of animals, dams were allowed to give birth under normal atmospheric conditions (term: GD 22) and male and female offspring were assessed at 7 and 13 months of age for in vivo cardiac function (echocardiography) and vascular function (wire myography, mesenteric artery). Hypoxia increased oxidative stress in placentas of male and female fetuses, which was prevented by nMitoQ. 7-month-old male and female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia demonstrated cardiac diastolic dysfunction, of which nMitoQ improved only in 7-month-old female offspring. Vascular sensitivity to methacholine was reduced in 13-month-old female offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia, while nMitoQ treatment improved vasorelaxation in both control and hypoxia exposed female offspring. Male 13-month-old offspring exposed to hypoxia showed an age-related decrease in vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine, which was prevented by nMitoQ. In summary, placental-targeted MitoQ treatment in utero has beneficial sex- and age-dependent effects on adult offspring cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais M Aljunaidy
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Tom Phillips
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Toedebusch R, Belenchia A, Pulakat L. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Impact of Biological Sex on Disease Development and Molecular Signatures. Front Physiol 2018; 9:453. [PMID: 29773993 PMCID: PMC5943496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to a unique set of heart-specific pathological variables induced by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Given that cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world, and type 2 diabetes incidence continues to rise, understanding the complex interplay between these two morbidities and developing novel therapeutic strategies is vital. Two hallmark characteristics specific to diabetic cardiomyopathy are diastolic dysfunction and cardiac structural mal-adaptations, arising from cardiac cellular responses to the complex toxicity induced by hyperglycemia with or without hyperinsulinemia. While type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in men compared to women, cardiovascular risk is higher in diabetic women than in diabetic men, suggesting that diabetic women take a steeper path to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Accumulating evidence from randomized clinical trials indicate that although pre-menopausal women have lower risk of CVDs, compared to age-matched men, this advantage is lost in diabetic pre-menopausal women, which suggests estrogen availability does not protect from increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, few human studies have assessed molecular and cellular mechanisms regarding similarities and differences in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy in men versus women. Additionally, most pre-clinical rodent studies fail to include female animals, leaving a void in available data to truly understand the impact of biological sex differences in diabetes-induced dysfunction of cardiovascular cells. Elegant reviews in the past have discussed in detail the roles of estrogen-mediated signaling in cardiovascular protection, sex differences associated with telomerase activity in the heart, and cardiac responses to exercise. In this review, we focus on the emerging cellular and molecular markers that define sex differences in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on the recent clinical and pre-clinical evidence. We also discuss miR-208a, MED13, and AT2R, which may provide new therapeutic targets with hopes to develop novel treatment paradigms to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy uniquely between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Toedebusch
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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28
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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29
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Xu W, Wang D, Zheng X, Ou Q, Huang L. Sex-dependent association of preoperative hematologic markers with glioma grade and progression. J Neurooncol 2017; 137:279-287. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Lizarraga D, Huen K, Combs M, Escudero-Fung M, Eskenazi B, Holland N. miRNAs differentially expressed by next-generation sequencing in cord blood buffy coat samples of boys and girls. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1619-1635. [PMID: 27882772 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Differences in children's development and susceptibility to diseases and exposures have been observed by sex, yet human studies of sex differences in miRNAs are limited. MATERIALS & METHODS The genome-wide miRNA expression was characterized by sequencing-based EdgeSeq assay in cord blood buffy coats from 89 newborns, and 564 miRNAs were further analyzed. RESULTS Differential expression of most miRNAs was higher in boys. Neurodevelopment, RNA metabolism and metabolic ontology terms were enriched among miRNA targets. The majority of upregulated miRNAs (86%) validated by nCounter maintained positive-fold change values; however, only 21% reached statistical significance by false discovery rate. CONCLUSION Accounting for host factors like sex may improve the sensitivity of epigenetic analyses for epidemiological studies in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneida Lizarraga
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mary Combs
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maria Escudero-Fung
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research on Children's Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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