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van den Elsen LJW, Rekima A, Lynn MA, Isnard C, Machado S, Divakara N, Patalwala D, Middleton A, Stevens N, Servant F, Burcelin R, Lynn DJ, Verhasselt V. Diet at birth is critical for healthy growth, independent of effects on the gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:139. [PMID: 39068488 PMCID: PMC11282663 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colostrum is the first milk for a newborn. Its high content in microbiota shaping compounds and its intake at the time of gut microbiota seeding suggests colostrum may be critical in the establishment of a healthy microbiota. There is also accumulating evidence on the importance of the gut microbiota for healthy growth. Here, we aimed to investigate the contribution of colostrum, and colostrum-induced microbiota to growth promotion. Addressing this question is highly significant because (1) globally, less than half of the newborns are fully colostrum fed (2) the evidence for the importance of the microbiota for the prevention of undernutrition has only been demonstrated in juvenile or adult pre-clinical models while stunting already starts before weaning. RESULTS To address the importance of diet at birth in growth failure, we developed a unique mouse model in which neonates are breastfed by mothers at an advanced stage of lactation who no longer provide colostrum. Feeding newborn mice with mature milk instead of colostrum resulted in significant growth retardation associated with the biological features of chronic undernutrition, such as low leptin levels, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and growth hormone resistance. We next investigated the role of colostrum in microbiota shaping. At the end of the lactation period, we found a major difference in gut microbiota alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxa distribution in control and colostrum-deprived mice. To determine the causal relationship between changes in microbiota and growth trajectories, we repeated our experiment in germ-free mice. The beneficial effect of colostrum on growth remained in the absence of microbiota. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that colostrum may play an important role in the prevention of growth failure. They highlight that the interplay between neonatal gut microbiome assembly and diet may not be as crucial for growth control in the developing newborn as described in young adults. This opens a paradigm shift that will foster research for colostrum's bioactives that may exert a similar effect to microbiota-derived ligands in promoting growth and lead to new avenues of translational research for newborn-tailored prevention of stunting. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke J W van den Elsen
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Akila Rekima
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Savannah Machado
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nivedithaa Divakara
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Diana Patalwala
- National Imaging Facility, Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alana Middleton
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Natalie Stevens
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - David J Lynn
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Valerie Verhasselt
- Larsson-Rosenquist Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Paucar Iza YA, Brown CC. Early life imprinting of intestinal immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:303-315. [PMID: 38501766 PMCID: PMC11102293 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues that interface with the external microenvironment, induction of immune tolerance to innocuous antigens, such as commensal, dietary, and environmental antigens, is key to establishing immune homeostasis. The early postnatal period represents a critical window of opportunity in which parallel development of the tissue, immune cells, and microbiota allows for reciprocal regulation that shapes the long-term immunological tone of the tissue and subsequent risk of immune-mediated diseases. During early infancy, the immune system appears to sacrifice pro-inflammatory functions, prioritizing the establishment of tissue tolerance. In this review, we discuss mechanisms underlying early life windows for intestinal tolerance with a focus on newly identified RORγt+ antigen-presenting cells-Thetis cells-and highlight the role of the intestinal microenvironment in shaping intestinal immune system development and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoselin A. Paucar Iza
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chrysothemis C. Brown
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Beaumont M, Mussard E, Barilly C, Lencina C, Gress L, Painteaux L, Gabinaud B, Cauquil L, Aymard P, Canlet C, Paës C, Knudsen C, Combes S. Developmental Stage, Solid Food Introduction, and Suckling Cessation Differentially Influence the Comaturation of the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Epithelium in Rabbits. J Nutr 2021; 152:723-736. [PMID: 34875085 PMCID: PMC8891179 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, the establishment around weaning of a symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and its host determines long-term health. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the factors driving the comaturation of the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelium at the suckling-to-weaning transition. We hypothesized that the developmental stage, solid food ingestion, and suckling cessation contribute to this process. METHODS From birth to day 18, Hyplus rabbits were exclusively suckling. From day 18 to day 25, rabbits were 1) exclusively suckling; 2) suckling and ingesting solid food; or 3) exclusively ingesting solid food. The microbiota (16S amplicon sequencing), metabolome (nuclear magnetic resonance), and epithelial gene expression (high-throughput qPCR) were analyzed in the cecum at days 18 and 25. RESULTS The microbiota structure and metabolic activity were modified with age when rabbits remained exclusively suckling. The epithelial gene expression of nutrient transporters, proliferation markers, and innate immune factors were also regulated with age (e.g., 1.5-fold decrease of TLR5). Solid food ingestion by suckling rabbits had a major effect on the gut microbiota by increasing its α diversity, remodeling its structure (e.g., 6.3-fold increase of Ruminococcaceae), and metabolic activity (e.g., 4.6-fold increase of butyrate). Solid food introduction also regulated the gene expression of nutrient transporters, differentiation markers, and innate immune factors in the epithelium (e.g., 3-fold increase of nitric oxide synthase). Suckling cessation had no effect on the microbiota, while it regulated the expression of genes involved in epithelial differentiation and immunoglobulin transport (e.g., 2.5-increase of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor). CONCLUSIONS In rabbits, the maturation of the microbiota at the suckling-to-weaning transition is driven by the introduction of solid food and, to a lesser extent, by the developmental stage. In contrast, the maturation of the intestinal epithelium at the suckling-to-weaning transition is under the influence of the developmental stage, solid food introduction, and suckling cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloïse Mussard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Barilly
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Corinne Lencina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laure Gress
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Louise Painteaux
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Béatrice Gabinaud
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Cauquil
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patrick Aymard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Paës
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christelle Knudsen
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Grases-Pintó B, Abril-Gil M, Torres-Castro P, Castell M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À. Rat Milk and Plasma Immunological Profile throughout Lactation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041257. [PMID: 33920419 PMCID: PMC8070501 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of bioactive factors with immune activity in human breast milk is widely studied. However, the knowledge on rat milk immune factors during the whole lactation period is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze rat breast milk’s immunoglobulin (Ig) content and some critical adipokines and growth factors throughout the lactation period, and to assess relationships with corresponding plasma levels. During lactation, milk concentration of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and -β3 showed a punctual increase in the first week, whereas adiponectin and leptin remained stable. In the second period of lactation (d14–21), despite the increase in the milk epidermal growth factor (EGF), a decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was detected at day 21. Milk IgA concentration had a progressive increase during lactation, while no significant changes were found in IgM and IgG. Regarding plasma levels, a decrease in all studied adipokines was observed in the second period of lactation, with the exception of IgA and TGF-β1, which reached their highest values at the end of the study. A positive correlation in IgM, IgG, and adipokine concentration was detected between milk and plasma compartments. In summary, the changes in the pattern of these bioactive compounds in rat milk and plasma and their relationships during lactation are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Grases-Pintó
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Paulina Torres-Castro
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-024-505
| | - Àngels Franch
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.G.-P.); (M.A.-G.); (P.T.-C.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (À.F.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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5
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Taki F, Lopez K, Zupan B, Bergin P, Docampo MD, Alves-Bezerra M, Toth JG, Chen Q, Argyropoulos KV, Barboza L, Pickup E, Fancher N, Hiller A, Gross S, Cohen DE, van den Brink MRM, Toth M. Maternal Programming of Social Dominance via Milk Cytokines. iScience 2020; 23:101357. [PMID: 32712464 PMCID: PMC7390789 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity improves physical and mental health. Here we found that the effect of physical activity extends to the next generation. Voluntary wheel running of dams, from postpartum day 2 to weaning, increased the social dominance and reproductive success, but not the physical/metabolic health, of their otherwise sedentary offspring. The individual's own physical activity did not improve dominance status. Maternal exercise did not disrupt maternal care or the maternal and offspring microbiota. Rather, the development of dominance behavior in the offspring of running mothers could be explained by the reduction of LIF, CXCL1, and CXCL2 cytokines in breast milk. These data reveal a cytokine-mediated lactocrine pathway that responds to the mother's postpartum physical activity and programs offspring social dominance. As dominance behaviors are highly relevant to the individual's survival and reproduction, lactocrine programming could be an evolutionary mechanism by which a mother promotes the social rank of her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Taki
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katherine Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bojana Zupan
- Psychological Science Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie 124 Raymond Avenue, New York, NY 12604, USA
| | - Paul Bergin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melissa D Docampo
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Judit Gal Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kimon V Argyropoulos
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luendreo Barboza
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily Pickup
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas Fancher
- Psychological Science Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie 124 Raymond Avenue, New York, NY 12604, USA
| | - Abbi Hiller
- Psychological Science Department, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie 124 Raymond Avenue, New York, NY 12604, USA
| | - Steven Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Miklos Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Coletta R, Roberts NA, Randles MJ, Morabito A, Woolf AS. Exogenous transforming growth factor-β1 enhances smooth muscle differentiation in embryonic mouse jejunal explants. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:252-264. [PMID: 28084682 PMCID: PMC6485323 DOI: 10.1002/term.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An ex vivo experimental strategy that replicates in vivo intestinal development would in theory provide an accessible setting with which to study normal and dysmorphic gut biology. The current authors recently described a system in which mouse embryonic jejunal segments were explanted onto semipermeable platforms and fed with chemically defined serum-free media. Over 3 days in organ culture, explants formed villi and they began to undergo spontaneous peristalsis. As defined in the current study, the wall of the explanted gut failed to form a robust longitudinal smooth muscle (SM) layer as it would do in vivo over the same time period. Given the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in SM differentiation in other organs, it was hypothesized that exogenous TGFβ1 would enhance SM differentiation in these explants. In vivo, TGFβ receptors I and II were both detected in embryonic longitudinal jejunal SM cells and, in organ culture, exogenous TGFβ1 induced robust differentiation of longitudinal SM. Microarray profiling showed that TGFβ1 increased SM specific transcripts in a dose dependent manner. TGFβ1 proteins were detected in amniotic fluid at a time when the intestine was physiologically herniated. By analogy with the requirement for exogenous TGFβ1 for SM differentiation in organ culture, the TGFβ1 protein that was demonstrated to be present in the amniotic fluid may enhance intestinal development when it is physiologically herniated in early gestation. Future studies of embryonic intestinal cultures should include TGFβ1 in the defined media to produce a more faithful model of in vivo muscle differentiation. Copyright © 2017 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Coletta
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Neil A. Roberts
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Michael J. Randles
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Antonino Morabito
- Paediatric Autologous Bowel Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Adrian S. Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's HospitalCentral Manchester Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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