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Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Yang X, Chen M, Wang S, Hu X, Zhou J, Yuan H, Zhu E, Wang B. Cortactin controls bone homeostasis through regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Stem Cells 2024; 42:662-674. [PMID: 38655781 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN), a cytoskeletal protein and substrate of Src kinase, is implicated in tumor aggressiveness. However, its role in bone cell differentiation remains unknown. The current study revealed that CTTN was upregulated during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Functional experiments demonstrated that CTTN promoted the in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Mechanistically, CTTN was able to stabilize the protein level of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), leading to the activation of mTOR signaling. In-depth investigation revealed that CTTN could bind with casitas B lineage lymphoma-c (c-CBL) and counteract the function of c-CBL, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the proteasomal degradation of mTOR. Silencing c-Cbl alleviated the impaired differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes caused by CTTN siRNA, while silencing mTOR mitigated the stimulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation induced by CTTN overexpression. Notably, transplantation of CTTN-silenced bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into the marrow of mice led to a reduction in trabecular bone mass, accompanied by a decrease in osteoblasts and an increase in osteoclasts. Furthermore, CTTN-silenced BMSCs expressed higher levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) than control BMSCs did and promoted osteoclast differentiation when cocultured with bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursor cells. This study provides evidence that CTTN favors osteoblast differentiation by counteracting the c-CBL-induced degradation of mTOR and inhibits osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the expression of RANKL. It also suggests that maintaining an appropriate level of CTTN expression may be advantageous for maintaining bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingli Hu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
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Personnaz J, Guillou H, Kautz L. Fibrinogen-like 1: A hepatokine linking liver physiology to hematology. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e115. [PMID: 38966209 PMCID: PMC11223652 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A recent study identified the critical contribution of the hepatokine FGL1 to the regulation of iron metabolism during the recovery from anemia. FGL1 is secreted by hepatocytes in response to hypoxia to sequester BMP ligands and repress the transcription of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. This process ensures the proper supply of iron to the bone marrow for new red blood cell synthesis and the restoration of physiological oxygen levels. FGL1 may therefore contribute to the recovery from common anemias and cause iron overload in chronic anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, such as ß-thalassemia, dyserythropoietic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes. However, FGL1 has also been described as a regulator of hepatocyte proliferation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling, as well as a mediator of liver steatosis and immune evasion. Chronic exposure to elevated levels of FGL1 during anemia may therefore have systemic metabolic effects besides iron regulation and erythropoiesis. Here, we are providing an overview of the proposed functions of FGL1 in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Personnaz
- IRSD, Université de ToulouseINSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology)INRAE, ENVT, INP‐PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Léon Kautz
- IRSD, Université de ToulouseINSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III‐Paul Sabatier (UPS)ToulouseFrance
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Kathami N, Moreno-Vicente C, Martín P, Vergara-Arce JA, Ruiz-Hernández R, Gerovska D, Aransay AM, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Camarero-Espinosa S, Abarrategi A. rhBMP-2 induces terminal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells only by synergizing with other signals. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:124. [PMID: 38679735 PMCID: PMC11057131 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) have been thoroughly studied for research and translational bone regeneration purposes. rhBMP-2 induces bone formation in vivo, and hBM-MSCs are its target, bone-forming cells. In this article, we studied how rhBMP-2 drives the multilineage differentiation of hBM-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS rhBMP-2 and hBM-MSCs were tested in an in vivo subcutaneous implantation model to assess their ability to form mature bone and undergo multilineage differentiation. Then, the hBM-MSCs were treated in vitro with rhBMP-2 for short-term or long-term cell-culture periods, alone or in combination with osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic media, aiming to determine the role of rhBMP-2 in these differentiation processes. RESULTS The data indicate that hBM-MSCs respond to rhBMP-2 in the short term but fail to differentiate in long-term culture conditions; these cells overexpress the rhBMP-2 target genes DKK1, HEY-1 and SOST osteogenesis inhibitors. However, in combination with other differentiation signals, rhBMP-2 acts as a potentiator of multilineage differentiation, not only of osteogenesis but also of adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data indicate that rhBMP-2 alone is unable to induce in vitro osteogenic terminal differentiation of hBM-MSCs, but synergizes with other signals to potentiate multiple differentiation phenotypes. Therefore, rhBMP-2 triggers on hBM-MSCs different specific phenotype differentiation depending on the signalling environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kathami
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jhonatan A Vergara-Arce
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernández
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.
- Regenerative Medicine and Disease Models Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Paseo Miramón, 194, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
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Ruhl T, Sessler TM, Keimes JM, Beier JP, Villwock S, Rose M, Dahl E. ITIH5 inhibits proliferation, adipogenic differentiation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines of human adipose stem cells-A new key in treating obesity? FASEB J 2024; 38:e23352. [PMID: 38095340 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) is widely expressed in the human body, and it is detected to be particularly abundant in adipose tissue. ITIH5 expression is increased in people with obesity compared to lean persons and is decreased by diet-induced weight loss. This suggests that ITIH5 may be involved in the development of adiposity and clinical metabolic variables, although its exact function remains unknown. We measured the protein concentration of ITIH5 in adipose samples from patients undergoing abdominoplasty and tested for correlation with the subjects' BMI as well as inflammatory mediators. We stimulated human adipose stem cells (ASCs) with recombinant (r)ITIH5 protein and tested for an effect on proliferation, differentiation, and immunosuppressive properties when the cells were exposed to an artificial inflammatory environment. We found positive correlations between ITIH5 levels and the BMI (p < .001) as well as concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) in adipose tissue (p < .01). Application of the rITIH5 protein inhibited both proliferation (p < .001) and differentiation of ASCs. Especially, the development of mature adipocytes was reduced by over 50%. Moreover, rITIH5 decreased the release of IL-6 and MCP-1 when the cells were exposed to TNF-α and IL-1β (p < .001). Our data suggest that ITIH5 is an adipokine that is increasingly released during human adipose tissue development, acting as a regulator that inhibits proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of ASCs. ITIH5 thus presents itself as a positive regulator of adipose tissue homeostasis, possibly protecting against both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipose tissue and the associated chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Sessler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana M Keimes
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia Villwock
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Kesharwani D, Brown AC. Navigating the Adipocyte Precursor Niche: Cell-Cell Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Adipose Tissue Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2024; 5:65-86. [PMID: 38826152 PMCID: PMC11141760 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.5.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Support for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hinges upon the intricate microenvironment termed the stem cell 'niche'. Within the adipose tissue stem cell niche, diverse cell types, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes, intricately regulate the function of adipocyte precursors. These interactions, whether direct or indirect, play a pivotal role in governing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes. The mechanisms orchestrating the maintenance and coordination of this niche are still in the early stages of comprehension, despite their crucial role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The complexity of understanding adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is amplified due to the challenges posed by the absence of suitable surface receptors for identification, limitations in creating optimal ex vivo culture conditions for expansion and constraints in conducting in vivo studies. This review delves into the current landscape of knowledge surrounding adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche. We will review the identification of adipocyte precursors, the cell-cell interactions they engage in, the factors influencing their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes and the transformations they undergo during instances of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kesharwani
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Aaron C. Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, The University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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7
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Yuan M, Liu X, Wang M, Li Z, Li H, Leng L, Wang S. A Functional Variant Alters the Binding of Bone morphogenetic protein 2 to the Transcription Factor NF-κB to Regulate Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Gene Expression and Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3401. [PMID: 37958155 PMCID: PMC10650395 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed a dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) in vitro to explore whether a 12-base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (InDel) variant (namely g.14798187_14798188insTCCCTGCCCCCT) within intron 2 of the chicken BMP2 gene, which was significantly associated with chicken abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage, is a functional marker and its potential regulatory mechanism. The reporter analysis demonstrated that the luciferase activity of the deletion allele was extremely significantly higher than that of the insertion allele (p < 0.01). A bioinformatics analysis revealed that compared to the deletion allele, the insertion allele created a transcription factor binding site of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which exhibited an inhibitory effect on fat deposition. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of NF-κB on the deletion allele was stronger than that on the insertion allele. EMSA indicated that the binding affinity of NF-κB for the insertion allele was stronger than that for the deletion allele. In conclusion, the 12-bp InDel chicken BMP2 gene variant is a functional variant affecting fat deposition in chickens, which may partially regulate BMP2 gene expression by affecting the binding of transcription factor NF-κB to the BMP2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shouzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China; (M.Y.); (X.L.); (M.W.); (Z.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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8
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Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J, Opyd P, Machcińska-Zielińska S, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Dermal white adipose tissue development and metabolism: The role of transcription factor Foxn1. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23171. [PMID: 37682531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300873rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Intradermal adipocytes form dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), a unique fat depot localized in the lower layer of the dermis. However, recognition of molecular factors regulating dWAT development, homeostasis, and bioactivity is limited. Using Foxn1-/- and Foxn1+/+ mice, we demonstrated that epidermally expressed Foxn1 regulates dWAT development and defines the adipogenic capacity of dermal fibroblasts. In intact and post-wounded skin, Foxn1 contributes to the initial stimulation of dWAT adipogenesis and participates in the modulation of lipid metabolism processes. Furthermore, Foxn1 activity strengthens adipogenic processes through Bmp2 and Igf2 signaling and regulates lipid metabolism in differentiated dermal fibroblasts. The results reveal the contribution of Foxn1 to dWAT metabolism, thus identifying possible targets for modulation and regulation of dWAT in physiological and pathological processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walendzik
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcińska-Zielińska
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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9
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Jin M, Yuan Z, Li T, Wang H, Wei C. The Effects of DDI1 on Inducing Differentiation in Ovine Preadipocytes via Oar-miR-432. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11567. [PMID: 37511326 PMCID: PMC10380388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing fat deposition in sheep (Ovis aries) tails is one of the most important ways to combat rising costs and control consumer preference. Our previous studies have shown that oar-miR-432 is differentially expressed in the tail adipose tissue of Hu (a fat-tailed sheep breed) and Tibetan (a thin-tailed sheep breed) sheep and is a key factor in the negative regulation of fat deposition through BMP2 in ovine preadipocytes. This study investigated the effect of oar-miR-432 and its target genes in ovine preadipocytes. A dual luciferase assay revealed that DDI1 is a direct target gene of oar-miR-432. We transfected an oar-miR-432 mimic and inhibitor into preadipocytes to analyze the expression of target genes. Overexpression of oar-miR-432 inhibits DDI1 expression, whereas inhibition showed the opposite results. Compared with thin-tailed sheep, DDI1 was highly expressed in the fat-tailed sheep at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we transfected the overexpression and knockdown target genes into preadipocytes to analyze their influence after inducing differentiation. Knockdown of DDI1 induced ovine preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes but suppressed oar-miR-432 expression. Conversely, the overexpression of DDI1 significantly inhibited differentiation but promoted oar-miR-432 expression. DDI1 overexpression also decreased the content of triglycerides. Additionally, DDI1 is a nested gene in intron 1 of PDGFD. When DDI1 was overexpressed, the PDGFD expression also increased, whereas DDI1 knockdown showed the opposite results. This is the first study to reveal the biological mechanisms by which oar-miR-432 inhibits preadipocytes through DDI1 and provides insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of DDI1 in ovine preadipocytes. These results have important applications in animal breeding and obesity-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Jin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Taotao Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
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10
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Miao Y, Zhao Y, Wan S, Mei Q, Wang H, Fu C, Li X, Zhao S, Xu X, Xiang T. Integrated analysis of genome-wide association studies and 3D epigenomic characteristics reveal the BMP2 gene regulating loin muscle depth in Yorkshire pigs. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010820. [PMID: 37339141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of integrated analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 3D epigenomics restricts a deep understanding of the genetic mechanisms of meat-related traits. With the application of techniques as ChIP-seq and Hi-C, the annotations of cis-regulatory elements in the pig genome have been established, which offers a new opportunity to elucidate the genetic mechanisms and identify major genetic variants and candidate genes that are significantly associated with important economic traits. Among these traits, loin muscle depth (LMD) is an important one as it impacts the lean meat content. In this study, we integrated cis-regulatory elements and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify candidate genes and genetic variants regulating LMD. RESULTS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on porcine chromosome 17 were significantly associated with LMD in Yorkshire pigs. A 10 kb quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified as a candidate functional genomic region through the integration of linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis (LDLA) and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis. The BMP2 gene was identified as a candidate gene for LMD based on the integrated results of GWAS, Hi-C meta-analysis, and cis-regulatory element data. The identified QTL region was further verified through target region sequencing. Furthermore, through using dual-luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), two SNPs, including SNP rs321846600, located in the enhancer region, and SNP rs1111440035, located in the promoter region, were identified as candidate SNPs that may be functionally related to the LMD. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of GWAS, Hi-C, and cis-regulatory elements, the BMP2 gene was identified as an important candidate gene regulating variation in LMD. The SNPs rs321846600 and rs1111440035 were identified as candidate SNPs that are functionally related to the LMD of Yorkshire pigs. Our results shed light on the advantages of integrating GWAS with 3D epigenomics in identifying candidate genes for quantitative traits. This study is a pioneering work for the identification of candidate genes and related genetic variants regulating one key production trait (LMD) in pigs by integrating genome-wide association studies and 3D epigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Miao
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanshun Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanke Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Soni S, Yadav P, Mandal CC. Metformin ameliorates BMP2 induced adipocyte-like property in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:201-208. [PMID: 37406485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring adipocytes of tumor cells/cancer associated adipocytes supply many factors and fatty acids as fuel to cancer cells for inducing cancer progression and development. Epithelial breast cancer cells also differentiate into several cell types to meet various demands. This study reports that breast cancer cells exhibit inherent adipocyte-like property which is further enhanced in presence of BMP2. Antidiabetic metformin inhibits BMP2 induced adipocyte-like potential in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, breast cancer cells not only show lipid accumulation but also have ability to release lipid content. Thus, this study centers around the presence of the adipocyte cell-like property in breast cancer cells, the significance of BMP2 and metformin that may be explored in designing therapeutics against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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13
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Wang Y, Gan Y, Dong Y, Zhou J, Zhu E, Yuan H, Li X, Wang B. Tax1 binding protein 3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:950-961. [PMID: 36892460 PMCID: PMC10064035 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tax1 binding protein 3 (Tax1bp3) is a PDZ domain-containing protein that is overexpressed in cancer. Previous studies recognized Tax1bp3 as an inhibitor of β-catenin. Till now it is not known whether Tax1bp3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. In the current study, the data showed that Tax1bp3 was expressed in bone and was increased in the progenitor cells when induced toward osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of Tax1bp3 in the progenitor cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation and conversely stimulated adipogenic differentiation, and the knockdown of Tax1bp3 affected the differentiation of the progenitor cells oppositely. Ex vivo experiments using the primary calvarial osteoblasts from osteoblast-specific Tax1bp3 knock-in mice also demonstrated the anti-osteogenic and pro-adipogenic function of Tax1bp3. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Tax1bp3 inhibited the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smads signalling pathways. Taken together, the current study has provided evidences demonstrating that Tax1bp3 inactivates Wnt/β-catenin and BMPs/Smads signalling pathways and reciprocally regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. The inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling may be involved in the reciprocal role of Tax1bp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Gan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuan Dong
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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14
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Collagen Modulates the Biological Characteristics of WJ-MSCs in Basal and Osteoinduced Conditions. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2116367. [PMID: 36071734 PMCID: PMC9441371 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2116367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis revealed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from various origins exhibited distinct gene and protein expression profiles dictating their biological properties. Although collagen type 1 (COL) has been widely studied in bone marrow MSCs, its role in regulating cell fate of Wharton jelly- (WJ-) MSCs is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of collagen on the characteristics of WJ-MSCs associated with proliferation, surface markers, adhesion, migration, self-renewal, and differentiation capabilities through gene expression studies. The isolated WJ-MSCs expressed positive surface markers but not negative markers. Gene expression profiles showed that COL not only maintained the pluripotency, self-renewal, and immunophenotype of WJ-MSCs but also primed cells toward lineage differentiations by upregulating BMP2 and TGFB1 genes. Upon osteoinduction, WJ-MSC-COL underwent osteogenesis by switching on the transcription of BMP6/7 and TGFB3 followed by activation of downstream target genes such as INS, IGF1, RUNX2, and VEGFR2 through p38 signalling. This molecular event was also accompanied by hypomethylation at the OCT4 promoter and increase of H3K9 acetylation. In conclusion, COL provides a conducive cellular environment in priming WJ-MSCs that undergo a lineage specification upon receiving an appropriate signal from extrinsic factor. These findings would contribute to better control of fate determination of MSCs for therapeutic applications related to bone disease.
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15
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Tompkins YH, Chen C, Sweeney KM, Kim M, Voy BH, Wilson JL, Kim WK. The effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on offspring-broiler growth performance, body composition and bone microstructure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273025. [PMID: 35972954 PMCID: PMC9380956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on the performance and bone health of offspring broilers at embryonic development stage and at market age. Ross 708 broiler breeder hens were fed standard diets containing either 2.3% soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) for 28 days. Their fertilized eggs were collected and hatched. For a pre-hatch study, left tibia samples were collected at 18 days of incubation. For a post-hatch study, a total of 240 male chicks from each maternal treatment were randomly selected and assigned to 12 floor pens and provided with the same broiler diets. At 42 days of age, growth performance, body composition, bone microstructure, and expression of key bone marrow osteogenic and adipogenic genes were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed, and means were compared by student’s t-test. Maternal use of FO in breeder hen diet increased bone mineral content (p < 0.01), bone tissue volume (p < 0.05), and bone surface area (p < 0.05), but decreased total porosity volume (p < 0.01) during the embryonic development period. The FO group showed higher body weight gain and feed intake at the finisher stage than the SO group. Body composition analyses by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that the FO group had higher fat percentage and higher fat mass at day 1, but higher lean mass and total body mass at market age. The decreased expression of key adipogenic genes in the FO group suggested that prenatal FO supplementation in breeder hen diet suppressed adipogenesis in offspring bone marrow. Furthermore, no major differences were observed in expression of osteogenesis marker genes, microstructure change in trabecular bone, or bone mineral density. However, a significant higher close pores/open pores ratio suggested an improvement on bone health of the FO group. Thus, this study indicates that maternal fish oil diet rich in n-3 PUFA could have a favorable impact on fat mass and skeletal integrity in broiler offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo H. Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Sweeney
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeanna L. Wilson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Shared genetic loci for body fat storage and adipocyte lipolysis in humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3666. [PMID: 35256633 PMCID: PMC8901764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body fat and central fat distribution are heritable traits and well-established predictors of adverse metabolic outcomes. Lipolysis is the process responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipocytes. To increase our understanding of the genetic regulation of body fat distribution and total body fat, we set out to determine if genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI) or waist-hip-ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mediate their effect by influencing adipocyte lipolysis. We utilized data from the recent GWAS of spontaneous and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis in the unique GENetics of Adipocyte Lipolysis (GENiAL) cohort. GENiAL consists of 939 participants who have undergone abdominal subcutaneous adipose biopsy for the determination of spontaneous and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes. We report 11 BMI and 15 WHRadjBMI loci with SNPs displaying nominal association with lipolysis and allele-dependent gene expression in adipose tissue according to in silico analysis. Functional evaluation of candidate genes in these loci by small interfering RNAs (siRNA)-mediated knock-down in adipose-derived stem cells identified ZNF436 and NUP85 as intrinsic regulators of lipolysis consistent with the associations observed in the clinical cohorts. Furthermore, candidate genes in another BMI-locus (STX17) and two more WHRadjBMI loci (NID2, GGA3, GRB2) control lipolysis alone, or in conjunction with lipid storage, and may hereby be involved in genetic control of body fat. The findings expand our understanding of how genetic variants mediate their impact on the complex traits of fat storage and distribution.
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17
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Sabaratnam R, Wojtaszewski JFP, Højlund K. Factors mediating exercise-induced organ crosstalk. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13766. [PMID: 34981891 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise activates a plethora of metabolic and signalling pathways in skeletal muscle and other organs causing numerous systemic beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, regular exercise may ameliorate and prevent the development of several chronic metabolic diseases. Skeletal muscle is recognized as an important endocrine organ regulating systemic adaptations to exercise. Skeletal muscle may mediate crosstalk with other organs through the release of exercise-induced cytokines, peptides and proteins, termed myokines, into the circulation. Importantly, other tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue may also release cytokines and peptides in response to exercise. Hence, exercise-released molecules are collectively called exerkines. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), in the form of exosomes or microvesicles, may carry some of the signals involved in tissue crosstalk. This review focuses on the role of factors potentially mediating crosstalk between muscle and other tissues in response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research & Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense Odense University Hospital Odense C Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research & Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
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18
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Erythroid overproduction of erythroferrone causes iron overload and developmental abnormalities in mice. Blood 2022; 139:439-451. [PMID: 34614145 PMCID: PMC8777203 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone erythroferrone (ERFE) is produced by erythroid cells in response to hemorrhage, hypoxia, or other erythropoietic stimuli, and it suppresses the hepatic production of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, thereby mobilizing iron for erythropoiesis. Suppression of hepcidin by ERFE is believed to be mediated by interference with paracrine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling that regulates hepcidin transcription in hepatocytes. In anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, ERFE is pathologically overproduced, but its contribution to the clinical manifestations of these anemias is not well understood. We generated 3 lines of transgenic mice with graded erythroid overexpression of ERFE and found that they developed dose-dependent iron overload, impaired hepatic BMP signaling, and relative hepcidin deficiency. These findings add to the evidence that ERFE is a mediator of iron overload in conditions in which ERFE is overproduced, including anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis. At the highest levels of ERFE overexpression, the mice manifested decreased perinatal survival, impaired growth, small hypofunctional kidneys, decreased gonadal fat depots, and neurobehavioral abnormalities, all consistent with impaired organ-specific BMP signaling during development. Neutralizing excessive ERFE in congenital anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis may not only prevent iron overload but may have additional benefits for growth and development.
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19
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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20
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Al-Regaiey KA, Habib SS, Alshamasi AR, Alnuwaybit AF, Alwhaibi BA, Alsulais NM, Alothman AI, Alomar FM, Iqbal M. Relationship of Plasma Gremlin 1 Levels with Body Adiposity and Glycemic Control in Saudi Female Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3429-3436. [PMID: 36353668 PMCID: PMC9639591 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s372146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gremlin 1 is a novel adipokine that plays an important role in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate plasma levels of Gremlin 1 in diabetic and non-diabetic Saudi adult females and its correlation with body composition, glycemic control and lipid profile. METHODS A case-control study was conducted among 41 T2DM and 31 non-diabetic adult age matched females (controls). All patients underwent body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, with a commercially available body analyzer. Fasting venous samples were analyzed for glycemic markers and lipids, while plasma Gremlin 1 was measured by ELISA. The results were compared between the two groups and correlated with other anthropometric and adiposity parameters. RESULTS Gremlin 1 levels were elevated in T2DM patients (345 ± 26 ng/mL) when compared to control subjects (272 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Diabetic patients having poor glycemic control had significantly higher Gremlin 1 levels (382 ± 34 ng/mL) compared to patients with good glycemic control (291 ± 37 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of Gremlin 1 with fat mass (r = 0.246, p = 0.012), HbA1C (r = 0.262, p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR index (r = 0.321, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates an important role of Gremlin 1 in glycemic control and body adiposity in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM. Gremlin 1 may emerge as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Khalid A Al-Regaiey; Muhammad Iqbal, Email ;
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Alshamasi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alnuwaybit
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A Alwhaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M Alsulais
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah I Alothman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Alomar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Mae J, Nagaya K, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Tsubota A, Matsuoka S, Nio-Kobayashi J, Kimura K. Adipocytes and Stromal Cells Regulate Brown Adipogenesis Through Secretory Factors During the Postnatal White-to-Brown Conversion of Adipose Tissue in Syrian Hamsters. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698692. [PMID: 34291052 PMCID: PMC8287570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized tissue that regulates non-shivering thermogenesis. In Syrian hamsters, interscapular adipose tissue is composed primarily of white adipocytes at birth, which is converted to BAT through the proliferation and differentiation of brown adipocyte progenitors and the simultaneous disappearance of white adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of brown adipogenesis during postnatal BAT formation in hamsters. Interscapular adipose tissue of a 10-day-old hamster, which primarily consists of brown adipocyte progenitors and white adipocytes, was digested with collagenase and fractioned into stromal–vascular (SV) cells and white adipocytes. SV cells spontaneously differentiated into brown adipocytes that contained multilocular lipid droplets and expressed uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), a marker of brown adipocytes, without treatment of adipogenic cocktail such as dexamethasone and insulin. The spontaneous differentiation of SV cells was suppressed by co-culture with adipocytes or by the addition of white adipocyte-conditioned medium. Conversely, the addition of SV cell-conditioned medium increased the expression of Ucp1. These results indicate that adipocytes secrete factors that suppress brown adipogenesis, whereas SV cells secrete factors that promote brown adipogenesis. Transcriptome analysis was conducted; however, no candidate suppressing factors secreted from adipocytes were identified. In contrast, 19 genes that encode secretory factors, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family members, BMP3B, BMP5, and BMP7, were highly expressed in SV cells compared with adipocytes. Furthermore, the SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways, which represent the major BMP signaling pathways, were activated in SV cells, suggesting that BMPs secreted from SV cells induce brown adipogenesis in an autocrine manner through the SMAD/MAPK signaling pathways. Treatment of 5-day-old hamsters with type I BMP receptor inhibitor, LDN-193189, for 5 days reduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation and drastically suppressed BAT formation of interscapular adipose tissue. In conclusion, adipocytes and stromal cells regulate brown adipogenesis through secretory factors during the postnatal white-to-brown conversion of adipose tissue in Syrian hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnosuke Mae
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsubota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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22
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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Bal Z, Kushioka J, Kodama J, Kaito T, Yoshikawa H, Korkusuz P, Korkusuz F. BMP and TGFβ use and release in bone regeneration. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1707-1722. [PMID: 32336073 PMCID: PMC7672355 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2003-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fracture that does not unite in nine months is defined as nonunion. Nonunion is common in fragmented fractures and large bone defects where vascularization is impaired. The distal third of the tibia, the scaphoid bone or the talus fractures are furthermore prone to nonunion. Open fractures and spinal fusion cases also need special monitoring for healing. Bone tissue regeneration can be attained by autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic materials, however their limited availability and the increased surgical time as well as the donor site morbidity of autograft use, and lower probability of success, increased costs and disease transmission and immunological reaction probability of allografts oblige us to find better solutions and new grafts to overcome the cons. A proper biomaterial for regeneration should be osteoinductive, osteoconductive, biocompatible and mechanically suitable. Cytokine therapy, where growth factors are introduced either exogenously or triggered endogenously, is one of the commonly used method in bone tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily, which can be divided structurally into two groups as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth differentiation factors (GDFs) and TGFβ, activin, Nodal branch, Mullerian hormone, are known to be produced by osteoblasts and other bone cells and present already in bone matrix abundantly, to take roles in bone homeostasis. BMP family, as the biggest subfamily of TGFβ superfamily, is also reported to be the most effective growth factors in bone and development, which makes them one of the most popular cytokines used in bone regeneration. Complications depending on the excess use of growth factors, and pleiotropic functions of BMPs are however the main reasons of why they should be approached with care. In this review, the Smad dependent signaling pathways of TGFβ and BMP families and their relations and the applications in preclinical and clinical studies will be briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joe Kodama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feza Korkusuz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Arezes J, Foy N, McHugh K, Quinkert D, Benard S, Sawant A, Frost JN, Armitage AE, Pasricha SR, Lim PJ, Tam MS, Lavallie E, Pittman DD, Cunningham O, Lambert M, Murphy JE, Draper SJ, Jasuja R, Drakesmith H. Antibodies against the erythroferrone N-terminal domain prevent hepcidin suppression and ameliorate murine thalassemia. Blood 2020; 135:547-557. [PMID: 31899794 PMCID: PMC7046598 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythroferrone (ERFE) is produced by erythroblasts in response to erythropoietin (EPO) and acts in the liver to prevent hepcidin stimulation by BMP6. Hepcidin suppression allows for the mobilization of iron to the bone marrow for the production of red blood cells. Aberrantly high circulating ERFE in conditions of stress erythropoiesis, such as in patients with β-thalassemia, promotes the tissue iron accumulation that substantially contributes to morbidity in these patients. Here we developed antibodies against ERFE to prevent hepcidin suppression and to correct the iron loading phenotype in a mouse model of β-thalassemia [Hbb(th3/+) mice] and used these antibodies as tools to further characterize ERFE's mechanism of action. We show that ERFE binds to BMP6 with nanomolar affinity and binds BMP2 and BMP4 with somewhat weaker affinities. We found that BMP6 binds the N-terminal domain of ERFE, and a polypeptide derived from the N terminus of ERFE was sufficient to cause hepcidin suppression in Huh7 hepatoma cells and in wild-type mice. Anti-ERFE antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain prevented hepcidin suppression in ERFE-treated Huh7 cells and in EPO-treated mice. Finally, we observed a decrease in splenomegaly and serum and liver iron in anti-ERFE-treated Hbb(th3/+) mice, accompanied by an increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin and a decrease in reticulocyte counts. In summary, we show that ERFE binds BMP6 directly and with high affinity, and that antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain of ERFE that prevent ERFE-BMP6 interactions constitute a potential therapeutic tool for iron loading anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Foy
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsty McHugh
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Quinkert
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Benard
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anagha Sawant
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Joe N Frost
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - May S Tam
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Orla Cunningham
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Lambert
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Biotherapeutics R&D, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John E Murphy
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Simon J Draper
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Reema Jasuja
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Haematology Theme NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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