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Fang K, Hou Y, Niu L, Han S, Zhang W. Individualized gray matter morphological abnormalities uncover two robust transdiagnostic biotypes. J Affect Disord 2024; 365:S0165-0327(24)01324-7. [PMID: 39173920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders exhibit a shared neuropathology, yet the diverse presentations among patients necessitate the identification of transdiagnostic subtypes to enhance diagnostic and treatment strategies. This study aims to unveil potential transdiagnostic subtypes based on personalized gray matter morphological abnormalities. A total of 496 patients with psychiatric disorders and 255 healthy controls (HCs) from three distinct datasets (one for discovery and two for validation) were enrolled. Individualized gray matter morphological abnormalities were determined using normative modeling to identify transdiagnostic subtypes. In the discovery dataset, two transdiagnostic subtypes with contrasting patterns of structural abnormalities compared to HCs were identified. Reproducibility and generalizability analyses demonstrated that these subtypes could be generalized to new patients and even to new disorders in the validation datasets. These subtypes were characterized by distinct disease epicenters. The gray matter abnormal pattern in subtype 1 was mainly linked to excitatory receptors, whereas subtype 2 showed a predominant association with inhibitory receptors. Furthermore, we observed that the gray matter abnormal pattern in subtype 2 was correlated with transcriptional profiles of inflammation-related genes, while subtype 1 did not show this association. Our findings reveal two robust transdiagnostic biotypes, offering novel insights into psychiatric nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of ultrasound, the affiliated cancer hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, China
| | - Lianjie Niu
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, the affiliated Cancer Hidospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, China.
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2
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Luppi AI, Singleton SP, Hansen JY, Jamison KW, Bzdok D, Kuceyeski A, Betzel RF, Misic B. Contributions of network structure, chemoarchitecture and diagnostic categories to transitions between cognitive topographies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01242-2. [PMID: 39103509 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking the brain's network structure to cognitively relevant activation patterns remain largely unknown. Here, by leveraging principles of network control, we show how the architecture of the human connectome shapes transitions between 123 experimentally defined cognitive activation maps (cognitive topographies) from the NeuroSynth meta-analytic database. Specifically, we systematically integrated large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data from functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tractography, cortical morphometry and positron emission tomography to simulate how anatomically guided transitions between cognitive states can be reshaped by neurotransmitter engagement or by changes in cortical thickness. Our model incorporates neurotransmitter-receptor density maps (18 receptors and transporters) and maps of cortical thickness pertaining to a wide range of mental health, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnostic categories (17,000 patients and 22,000 controls). The results provide a comprehensive look-up table charting how brain network organization and chemoarchitecture interact to manifest different cognitive topographies, and establish a principled foundation for the systematic identification of ways to promote selective transitions between cognitive topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Luppi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - S Parker Singleton
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- MILA, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Qu J, Qu Y, Zhu R, Wu Y, Xu G, Wang D. Transcriptional expression patterns of the cortical morphometric similarity network in progressive supranuclear palsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14901. [PMID: 39097922 PMCID: PMC11298202 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) correlates with structural abnormalities in several distinct regions of the brain. However, whether there are changes in the morphological similarity network (MSN) and the relationship between changes in brain structure and gene expression remain largely unknown. METHODS We used two independent cohorts (discovery dataset: PSP: 51, healthy controls (HC): 82; replication dataset: PSP: 53, HC: 55) for MSN analysis and comparing the longitudinal changes in the MSN of PSP. Then, we applied partial least squares regression to determine the relationships between changes in MSN and spatial transcriptional features and identified specific genes associated with MSN differences in PSP. We further investigated the biological processes enriched in PSP-associated genes and the cellular characteristics of these genes, and finally, we performed an exploratory analysis of the relationship between MSN changes and neurotransmitter receptors. RESULTS We found that the MSN in PSP patients was mainly decreased in the frontal and temporal cortex but increased in the occipital cortical region. This difference is replicable. In longitudinal studies, MSN differences are mainly manifested in the frontal and parietal regions. Furthermore, the expression pattern associated with MSN changes in PSP involves genes implicated in astrocytes and excitatory and inhibitory neurons and is functionally enriched in neuron-specific biological processes related to synaptic signaling. Finally, we found that the changes in MSN were mainly negatively correlated with the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and opioid receptors. CONCLUSIONS These results have enhanced our understanding of the microscale genetic and cellular mechanisms responsible for large-scale morphological abnormalities in PSP patients, suggesting potential targets for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Qu
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yancai Qu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTraditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Muping DistrictYantaiChina
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Guihua Xu
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of RadiologyQilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qilu Medical Imaging Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Magnetic Field‐free Medicine & Functional ImagingResearch Institute of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Magnetic Field‐free Medicine & Functional Imaging (MF)Shandong Key LaboratoryJinanChina
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4
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Mota CMD, Madden CJ. Neural circuits of long-term thermoregulatory adaptations to cold temperatures and metabolic demands. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:143-158. [PMID: 38316956 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain controls heat generation and heat loss mechanisms that regulate body temperature and energy metabolism. Thermoeffectors include brown adipose tissue, cutaneous blood flow and skeletal muscle, and metabolic energy sources include white adipose tissue. Neural and metabolic pathways modulating the activity and functional plasticity of these mechanisms contribute not only to the optimization of function during acute challenges, such as ambient temperature changes, infection and stress, but also to longitudinal adaptations to environmental and internal changes. Exposure of humans to repeated and seasonal cold ambient conditions leads to adaptations in thermoeffectors such as habituation of cutaneous vasoconstriction and shivering. In animals that undergo hibernation and torpor, neurally regulated metabolic and thermoregulatory adaptations enable survival during periods of significant reduction in metabolic rate. In addition, changes in diet can activate accessory neural pathways that alter thermoeffector activity. This knowledge may be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, including treatments for obesity and improved means of therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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5
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Hansen JY, Cauzzo S, Singh K, García-Gomar MG, Shine JM, Bianciardi M, Misic B. Integrating brainstem and cortical functional architectures. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3569352. [PMID: 38076888 PMCID: PMC10705693 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3569352/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. Here we use high-resolution 7 Tesla fMRI to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex as well as 58 brainstem nuclei spanning the midbrain, pons and medulla. We identify a compact set of integrative hubs in the brainstem with widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex. Patterns of connectivity between brainstem and cerebral cortex manifest as multiple emergent phenomena including neurophysiological oscillatory rhythms, patterns of cognitive functional specialization, and the unimodal-transmodal functional hierarchy. This persistent alignment between cortical functional topographies and brainstem nuclei is shaped by the spatial arrangement of multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We replicate all findings using 3 Tesla data from the same participants. Collectively, we find that multiple organizational features of cortical activity can be traced back to the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Cauzzo
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - María Guadalupe García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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6
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Hansen JY, Cauzzo S, Singh K, García-Gomar MG, Shine JM, Bianciardi M, Misic B. Integrating brainstem and cortical functional architectures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564245. [PMID: 37961347 PMCID: PMC10634864 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. Here we use high-resolution 7 Tesla fMRI to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex as well as 58 brainstem nuclei spanning the midbrain, pons and medulla. We identify a compact set of integrative hubs in the brainstem with widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex. Patterns of connectivity between brainstem and cerebral cortex manifest as multiple emergent phenomena including neurophysiological oscillatory rhythms, patterns of cognitive functional specialization, and the unimodal-transmodal functional hierarchy. This persistent alignment between cortical functional topographies and brainstem nuclei is shaped by the spatial arrangement of multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We replicate all findings using 3 Tesla data from the same participants. Collectively, we find that multiple organizational features of cortical activity can be traced back to the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Cauzzo
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - María Guadalupe García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Luppi AI, Singleton SP, Hansen JY, Bzdok D, Kuceyeski A, Betzel RF, Misic B. Transitions between cognitive topographies: contributions of network structure, neuromodulation, and disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532981. [PMID: 36993597 PMCID: PMC10055141 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of neural activity underlie human cognition. Transitions between these patterns are orchestrated by the brain's network architecture. What are the mechanisms linking network structure to cognitively relevant activation patterns? Here we implement principles of network control to investigate how the architecture of the human connectome shapes transitions between 123 experimentally defined cognitive activation maps (cognitive topographies) from the NeuroSynth meta-analytic engine. We also systematically incorporate neurotransmitter receptor density maps (18 receptors and transporters) and disease-related cortical abnormality maps (11 neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases; N = 17 000 patients, N = 22 000 controls). Integrating large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data from functional MRI, diffusion tractography, cortical morphometry, and positron emission tomography, we simulate how anatomically-guided transitions between cognitive states can be reshaped by pharmacological or pathological perturbation. Our results provide a comprehensive look-up table charting how brain network organisation and chemoarchitecture interact to manifest different cognitive topographies. This computational framework establishes a principled foundation for systematically identifying novel ways to promote selective transitions between desired cognitive topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I. Luppi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- MILA, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Richard F. Betzel
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, U.S.A
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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9
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Tutov A, Chen X, Werner RA, Mühlig S, Zimmermann T, Nose N, Koshino K, Lapa C, Decker M, Higuchi T. Rationalizing the Binding Modes of PET Radiotracers Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020690. [PMID: 36840011 PMCID: PMC9963373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new PET radiotracer 18F-AF78 showing great potential for clinical application has been reported recently. It belongs to a new generation of phenethylguanidine-based norepinephrine transporter (NET)-targeting radiotracers. Although many efforts have been made to develop NET inhibitors as antidepressants, systemic investigations of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of NET-targeting radiotracers have rarely been performed. METHODS Without changing the phenethylguanidine pharmacophore and 3-fluoropropyl moiety that is crucial for easy labeling, six new analogs of 18F-AF78 with different meta-substituents on the benzene-ring were synthesized and evaluated in a competitive cellular uptake assay and in in vivo animal experiments in rats. Computational modeling of these tracers was established to quantitatively rationalize the interaction between the radiotracers and NET. RESULTS Using non-radiolabeled reference compounds, a competitive cellular uptake assay showed a decrease in NET-transporting affinity from meta-fluorine to iodine (0.42 and 6.51 µM, respectively), with meta-OH being the least active (22.67 µM). Furthermore, in vivo animal studies with radioisotopes showed that heart-to-blood ratios agreed with the cellular experiments, with AF78(F) exhibiting the highest cardiac uptake. This result correlates positively with the electronegativity rather than the atomic radius of the meta-substituent. Computational modeling studies revealed a crucial influence of halogen substituents on the radiotracer-NET interaction, whereby a T-shaped π-π stacking interaction between the benzene-ring of the tracer and the amino acid residues surrounding the NET binding site made major contributions to the different affinities, in accordance with the pharmacological data. CONCLUSION The SARs were characterized by in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and computational modeling quantitatively rationalized the interaction between radiotracers and the NET binding site. These findings pave the way for further evaluation in different species and underline the potential of AF78(F) for clinical application, e.g., cardiac innervation imaging or molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tutov
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saskia Mühlig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naoko Nose
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Systems and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
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10
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Hansen JY, Shafiei G, Markello RD, Smart K, Cox SML, Nørgaard M, Beliveau V, Wu Y, Gallezot JD, Aumont É, Servaes S, Scala SG, DuBois JM, Wainstein G, Bezgin G, Funck T, Schmitz TW, Spreng RN, Galovic M, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS, Coles JP, Fryer TD, Aigbirhio FI, McGinnity CJ, Hammers A, Soucy JP, Baillet S, Guimond S, Hietala J, Bedard MA, Leyton M, Kobayashi E, Rosa-Neto P, Ganz M, Knudsen GM, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shine JM, Carson RE, Tuominen L, Dagher A, Misic B. Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1569-1581. [PMID: 36303070 PMCID: PMC9630096 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macro-scale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remain poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. We replicated all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ross D Markello
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Department of Psychology, Center for Reproducible Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Étienne Aumont
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gleb Bezgin
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Hansen JY, Shafiei G, Vogel JW, Smart K, Bearden CE, Hoogman M, Franke B, van Rooij D, Buitelaar J, McDonald CR, Sisodiya SM, Schmaal L, Veltman DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Stein DJ, van Erp TGM, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Hajek T, Opel N, Modinos G, Aleman A, van der Werf Y, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Carson RE, Dagher A, Misic B. Local molecular and global connectomic contributions to cross-disorder cortical abnormalities. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4682. [PMID: 35948562 PMCID: PMC9365855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous brain disorders demonstrate structural brain abnormalities, which are thought to arise from molecular perturbations or connectome miswiring. The unique and shared contributions of these molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities to brain disorders remain unknown, and has yet to be studied in a single multi-disorder framework. Using MRI morphometry from the ENIGMA consortium, we construct maps of cortical abnormalities for thirteen neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders from N = 21,000 participants and N = 26,000 controls, collected using a harmonised processing protocol. We systematically compare cortical maps to multiple micro-architectural measures, including gene expression, neurotransmitter density, metabolism, and myelination (molecular vulnerability), as well as global connectomic measures including number of connections, centrality, and connection diversity (connectomic vulnerability). We find a relationship between molecular vulnerability and white-matter architecture that drives cortical disorder profiles. Local attributes, particularly neurotransmitter receptor profiles, constitute the best predictors of both disorder-specific cortical morphology and cross-disorder similarity. Finally, we find that cross-disorder abnormalities are consistently subtended by a small subset of network epicentres in bilateral sensory-motor, inferior temporal lobe, precuneus, and superior parietal cortex. Collectively, our results highlight how local molecular attributes and global connectivity jointly shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Smart
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, & Center for the Neurobiology of Leaning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute of Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany & Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies & MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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12
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Cai J, Jiang S, Quan Y, Lin J, Zhu S, Wang J, Jiang W, Liao Y, Lu F. Skeletal muscle provides a pro-browning microenvironment for transplanted brown adipose tissue to maintain its effect to ameliorate obesity in ob/ob mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22056. [PMID: 34939223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101144r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation is a promising means of increasing whole-body energy metabolism to ameliorate obesity. However, the changes in BAT following transplantation and the effects of the microenvironment of the recipient site on graft function have yet to be fully characterized. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of transplanting BAT from C57BL/6 mice into the dorsal subcutaneous region or deep to the quadriceps femoris muscle of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Subcutaneously transplanted BAT lost features of BAT and demonstrated greater inflammatory cell infiltration and more oil cysts 16 weeks following transplantation. By contrast, the sub-muscularly transplanted BAT maintained features of BAT and was more highly vascularized. Interestingly, sub-muscular BAT transplantation led to a significant increase in oxygen consumption and less inflammation in subcutaneous fat, which was associated with long-term reductions in insulin resistance and body mass gain, whereas the subcutaneous transplants failed after 16 weeks. These results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of BAT transplantation depend upon the microenvironment of the recipient site. Skeletal muscle may provide a microenvironment that maintains the inherent features of BAT grafts over a long period of time, which facilitates a reduction in obesity and improvements in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglu Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuping Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Lam MTY, Duttke SH, Odish MF, Le HD, Hansen EA, Nguyen CT, Trescott S, Kim R, Deota S, Chang MW, Patel A, Hepokoski M, Alotaibi M, Rolfsen M, Perofsky K, Warden AS, Foley J, Ramirez SI, Dan JM, Abbott RK, Crotty S, Crotty Alexander LE, Malhotra A, Panda S, Benner CW, Coufal NG. Profiling Transcription Initiation in Peripheral Leukocytes Reveals Severity-Associated Cis-Regulatory Elements in Critical COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.08.24.457187. [PMID: 34462742 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.28.466336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulatory programs in the immune response to COVID-19 and their relationship to disease outcome is not fully understood. Analysis of genome-wide changes in transcription at both promoter-proximal and distal cis-regulatory DNA elements, collectively termed the 'active cistrome,' offers an unbiased assessment of TF activity identifying key pathways regulated in homeostasis or disease. Here, we profiled the active cistrome from peripheral leukocytes of critically ill COVID-19 patients to identify major regulatory programs and their dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified TF motifs that track the severity of COVID- 19 lung injury, disease resolution, and outcome. We used unbiased clustering to reveal distinct cistrome subsets delineating the regulation of pathways, cell types, and the combinatorial activity of TFs. We found critical roles for regulatory networks driven by stimulus and lineage determining TFs, showing that STAT and E2F/MYB regulatory programs targeting myeloid cells are activated in patients with poor disease outcomes and associated with single nucleotide genetic variants implicated in COVID-19 susceptibility. Integration with single-cell RNA-seq found that STAT and E2F/MYB activation converged in specific neutrophils subset found in patients with severe disease. Collectively we demonstrate that cistrome analysis facilitates insight into disease mechanisms and provides an unbiased approach to evaluate global changes in transcription factor activity and stratify patient disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tun Yin Lam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mazen F Odish
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Hansen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celina T Nguyen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Trescott
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roy Kim
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shaunak Deota
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max W Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mark Hepokoski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mark Rolfsen
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Perofsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Jennifer M Dan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert K Abbott
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHVAD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher W Benner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
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14
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Bini J, Norcross M, Cheung M, Duffy A. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Bariatric Surgery Research: a Review. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4592-4606. [PMID: 34304378 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, initially understood as restricting or bypassing the amount of food that reaches the stomach to reduce food intake and/or increase malabsorption of food to promote weight loss, is now recognized to also affect incretin signaling in the gut and promote improvements in system-wide metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique whereby patients are injected with picomolar concentrations of radioactive molecules, below the threshold of having physiological effects, to measure spatial distributions of blood flow, metabolism, receptor, and enzyme pharmacology. Recent advances in both whole-body PET imaging and radioligand development will allow for novel research that may help clarify the roles of peripheral and central receptor/enzyme systems in treating obesity with bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bini
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 801 Howard Avenue, PO Box 208048, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Maija Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Duffy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Acosta FM, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Gil A, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Fat Content Are Positively Associated With Whole-Body Adiposity in Young Men-Not in Women. Diabetes 2021; 70:1473-1485. [PMID: 33858825 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume has consistently been claimed to be inversely associated with whole-body adiposity. However, recent advances in the assessment of human BAT suggest that previously reported associations may have been biased. The present cross-sectional study investigates the association of BAT volume, mean radiodensity, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake (assessed via a static positron emission tomography [PET]-computed tomography [CT] scan after a 2-h personalized cold exposure) with whole-body adiposity (measured by DXA) in 126 young adults (42 men and 84 women; mean ± SD BMI 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2). BAT volume, but not 18F-FDG uptake, was positively associated with BMI, fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in men but not in women. These associations were independent of the date when the PET-CT was performed, insulin sensitivity, and body surface area. BAT mean radiodensity, an inverse proxy of BAT fat content, was negatively associated with BMI, fat mass, and VAT mass in men and in women. These results refute the widely held belief that human BAT volume is reduced in obese persons, at least in young adults, and suggest that it might even be the opposite in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Samuel Virtue
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Services, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Recent advances in radiotracers targeting norepinephrine transporter: structural development and radiolabeling improvements. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:851-873. [PMID: 32274584 PMCID: PMC7223405 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a major target for the evaluation of the cardiac sympathetic nerve system in patients with heart failure and Parkinson's disease. It is also used in the therapeutic applications against certain types of neuroendocrine tumors, as exemplified by the clinically used 123/131I-MIBG as theranostic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agent. With the development of more advanced positron emission tomography (PET) technology, more radiotracers targeting NET have been reported, with superior temporal and spatial resolutions, along with the possibility of functional and kinetic analysis. More recently, fluorine-18-labelled NET tracers have drawn increasing attentions from researchers, due to their longer radiological half-life relative to carbon-11 (110 min vs. 20 min), reduced dependence on on-site cyclotrons, and flexibility in the design of novel tracer structures. In the heart, certain NET tracers provide integral diagnostic information on sympathetic innervation and the nerve status. In the central nervous system, such radiotracers can reveal NET distribution and density in pathological conditions. Most radiotracers targeting cardiac NET-function for the cardiac application consistent of derivatives of either norepinephrine or MIBG with its benzylguanidine core structure, e.g. 11C-HED and 18F-LMI1195. In contrast, all NET tracers used in central nervous system applications are derived from clinically used antidepressants. Lastly, possible applications of NET as selective tracers over organic cation transporters (OCTs) in the kidneys and other organs controlled by sympathetic nervous system will also be discussed.
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