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Feria-Ramirez C, Gonzalez-Sanz JD, Molina-Luque R, Molina-Recio G. Influence of gestational weight gain on the nutritional status of offspring at birth and at 5 years of age. Midwifery 2024; 129:103908. [PMID: 38142650 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and increases in maternal weight during pregnancy on perinatal and child outcomes at birth and at 5 years. RESEARCH DESIGN/SETTING A prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2016 and December 2021. The participants were a total of 115 women-child dyads, selected from among pregnant women receiving routine prenatal care in different health centres belonging to 2 health districts. Follow-ups were conducted with the women during pregnancy and with their children during the 10 days after birth and at 5 years. FINDINGS The total weight gain during pregnancy is influenced by an inadequate pre-pregnancy BMI (0.03; 95 % CI, 0.004 - 0.25; P=.001) and a greater increase in maternal BMI during the first and second term of pregnancy. A greater increase in BMI during pregnancy was associated with higher breastfeeding rates both in the short term (1.21; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.44; P = 0.04) and the long term (12 months: 1.30; 95 % CI, 1.02 - 1.67; P = 0.04; 24 months: 1.30; 95 % CI, 1.02 - 1.69; P = 0.04). No links were found between gains in maternal weight and the weight of the newborn, nor between maternal weight and/or pre-pregnancy BMI with the nutritional status of the child. KEY CONCLUSIONS After studying these results, it was concluded that promoting and implementing health and education policies focused on enhancing maternal nutritional status is essential to improve the nutritional status of children. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important issue to be addressed by the midwife in primary care, both in the preconception period and throughout pregnancy. As a result, it is important that the midwife is trained and has the appropriate resources and tools to work with pregnant women individually and collectively. In addition to paying attention to overweight and obese pregnant women, the midwife should also pay attention to women with a normal BMI, as they seem to have greater difficulty in maintaining a healthy weight gain. Another line of intervention to be addressed is breastfeeding (BF), where the midwife should be the main point of reference from the beginning of this process, taking into account the relationship between BMI and BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Feria-Ramirez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - Juan D Gonzalez-Sanz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, Huelva 21071, Spain; COIDESO Research Center, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, Huelva 21071, Spain.
| | - Rafael Molina-Luque
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health Research Associate Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cordoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Guillermo Molina-Recio
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health Research Associate Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, Córdoba 14004, Spain; Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Cordoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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Lee JY, Lee HJ, Jang YH, Kim H, Im K, Yang S, Hoh JK, Ahn JH. Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity affects the uncinate fasciculus white matter tract in preterm infants. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1225960. [PMID: 38034827 PMCID: PMC10684693 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1225960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests an association between a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for their offspring. Despite recent attention to the effects of maternal obesity on fetal and neonatal brain development, changes in the brain microstructure of preterm infants born to mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity are still not well understood. This study aimed to detect the changes in the brain microstructure of obese mothers in pre-pregnancy and their offspring born as preterm infants using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods A total of 32 preterm infants (born to 16 mothers with normal BMI and 16 mothers with a high BMI) at <32 weeks of gestation without brain injury underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age (TEA). The BMI of all pregnant women was measured within approximately 12 weeks before pregnancy or the first 2 weeks of gestation. We analyzed the brain volume using a morphologically adaptive neonatal tissue segmentation toolbox and calculated the major white matter (WM) tracts using probabilistic maps of the Johns Hopkins University neonatal atlas. We investigated the differences in brain volume and WM microstructure between preterm infants of mothers with normal and high BMI. The DTI parameters were compared among groups using analysis of covariance adjusted for postmenstrual age at scan and multiple comparisons. Results Preterm infants born to mothers with a high BMI showed significantly increased cortical gray matter volume (p = 0.001) and decreased WM volume (p = 0.003) after controlling for postmenstrual age and multiple comparisons. We found a significantly lower axial diffusivity in the uncinate fasciculus (UNC) in mothers with high BMI than that in mothers with normal BMI (1.690 ± 0.066 vs. 1.762 ± 0.101, respectively; p = 0.005). Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate that maternal obesity impacts perinatal brain development patterns in preterm infants at TEA, even in the absence of apparent brain injury. These findings provide evidence for the detrimental effects of maternal obesity on brain developmental trajectories in offspring and suggest potential neurodevelopmental outcomes based on an altered UNC WM microstructure, which is known to be critical for language and social-emotional functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Neonatology and Development Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Im
- Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seung Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Hoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hye Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Neonatology and Development Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo N, Lee YM, Kim YJ, Sung JH, Hur KY, Choi SJ, Roh CR, Oh SY. Obesity Is Associated With Higher Risk of Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Than Supervised Gestational Diabetes. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e268. [PMID: 37605501 PMCID: PMC10442500 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike gestational diabetic mellitus (GDM), which is strictly managed by most patients and physicians, obesity does not have proper management guidelines, and the importance of its management during pregnancy is often ignored. The aim of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes according to obesity and GDM, alone or in combination. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 3,078 consecutive pregnant women who experienced prenatal care and delivery of a live singleton neonate between January 2016 and December 2020 at our institution. Study participants were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive groups, as follows: group 1, no GDM without obesity; group 2, GDM without obesity; group 3, no GDM with obesity; and group 4, GDM with obesity. RESULTS Compared to group 2, group 3 had higher rates of pre-eclampsia, cesarean section including emergent cesarean section rate. Also, neonates in group 3 were heavier and had lower glucose levels compared to those in group 2. Of note, there was no significant difference in maternal or neonatal outcomes except the rate of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) between group 1 and group 2. Among the GDM groups, group 4 had higher risks for pre-eclampsia, cesarean section, and LGA infant status than group 2. CONCLUSION Our data showed that obese women without GDM face higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes than women with supervised GDM and non-obese women. We also confirmed that adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with GDM were mainly attributable to obesity among women receiving GDM education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namju Seo
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You Min Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong-Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Pavlidou E, Papandreou D, Taha Z, Mantzorou M, Tyrovolas S, Kiortsis DN, Psara E, Papadopoulou SK, Yfantis M, Spanoudaki M, Antasouras G, Mentzelou M, Giaginis C. Association of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Overweight and Obesity with Childhood Anthropometric Factors and Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3384. [PMID: 37571321 PMCID: PMC10421009 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged women becomes a growing tendency in middle- and high-income populations. This study aimed to evaluate whether maternal excess body mass index (BMI) before gestation is associated with children's anthropometric characteristics, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5198 children aged 2-5 years old and their paired mothers, assigned from 9 different areas of Greece. Maternal and childhood anthropometric data, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes, were collected from medical history records or validated questionnaires. RESULTS Prevalences of 24.4% and 30.6% of overweight/obesity were recorded for the enrolled children and their mothers 2-5 years postpartum. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was more frequently observed in older mothers and female children, and was also associated with high childbirth weight, preterm birth, high newborn ponderal index, caesarean section delivery, diabetes type 1, and childhood overweight/obesity at pre-school age. In multivariate analysis, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was independently associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight/obesity at pre-school age, as well as with a higher increased incidence of childbirth weight, caesarean section delivery, and diabetes type 1. CONCLUSIONS Maternal overweight/obesity rates before gestation were related with increased childhood weight status at birth and 2-5 years postpartum, highlighting the necessity of encouraging healthy lifestyle promotion, including healthier nutritional habits, and focusing on obesity population policies and nutritional interventions among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Dimitrios N. Kiortsis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marios Yfantis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
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Burden and Trend of Macrosomia and Large-for-Gestational-Age Neonates Attributable to High Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index in China, 2013-2017: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030331. [PMID: 36766906 PMCID: PMC9914660 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The world is transitioning to an obese future, but few studies have measured the burden of increased maternal body mass index (BMI) on pathological fetal overgrowth, especially the trends in this burden and its heterogeneity in populations with different characteristics. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted with 7,998,620 Chinese females who had participated in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Check-ups Project and became pregnant during 2013-2017. The proportions of macrosomic and LGA neonates attributable to high BMI (population attributable fraction, PAF) and annual percent change of yearly PAFs were estimated. Results: We found that the burden of macrosomic and LGA (large-for-gestational-age) neonates attributable to high pre-pregnancy BMI increased among Chinese females with planned pregnancies during 2013-2017. The PAF of macrosomia attributable to high BMI increased from 3.16% (95% confidence interval: 2.97-3.35%) to 7.11% (6.79-7.42%) by 23.60% (16.76-30.85%) annually, and the PAF of LGA increased from 2.35% (2.21-2.48%) to 5.00% (4.79-5.21%) by 21.98% (16.14-28.11%) annually. Our study identified that participants with disadvantaged socioeconomic status (including those without higher education, living in provinces with GDP per capita < 40,000 CNY, tier IV, and tier V cities) and residing in northern and southwestern China were at high risk of a rapidly expanding burden. Conclusions: Government authorities should control pre-pregnancy BMI through nationwide intervention programs and direct more resources to focus on the unfair burden on females with disadvantaged socioeconomic status.
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Fan L, Li N, Liu X, Li X, Cai H, Pan D, Wang T, Shi W, Qu P, Shi J. Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133978. [PMID: 36909329 PMCID: PMC9998903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, hormone replacement treatment (HRT) was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared with natural cycles (NC). Multiple pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP and several studies did not conduct subgroup analysis of singleton pregnancy and multiple pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether HRT regimen could be a risk factor for HDP in women undergoing FET cycles in singleton and twin pregnancies. METHODS A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary hospital, including a total of 9120 women who underwent FET and achieved ongoing pregnancy; 7590 patients underwent HRT-FET and 1530 NC-FET. The main outcome was HDP. HDP were analyzed for singleton and twin pregnancies, respectively. RESULTS In the singleton pregnancy, the risk of HDP in the HRT-FET group was significantly higher than that in the NC-FET group (6.21% vs. 4.09%; P=0.003). After adjusting for female age oocyte pick up, female age at FET and body mass index (BMI), HRT was found as a risk factor for HDP (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.91; P=0.017). In the multiple pregnancy, the risk of HDP in the HRT-FET and NC-FET groups was similar. CONCLUSION HRT was associated with a higher risk of HDP in women who underwent FET and achieved singleton pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Li
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li,
| | - Xitong Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - He Cai
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengfei Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Han K, Kwak DW, Ryu HM, Park HY. Insufficient weight management in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:242-251. [PMID: 36097746 PMCID: PMC9468683 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated whether weight was managed appropriately in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and examined the association between insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods The study included 235 pregnant women with GDM from the Korean Pregnancy Outcome Study. GWG from the second to the third trimester (kg/wk ) and total GWG (kg) were classified as insufficient, appropriate, or excessive according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Adverse pregnancy outcomes included maternal (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and delivery complications) and infant (low birth weight, high birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and congenital anomalies) outcomes. Results The proportion of pregnant women with GDM who had insufficient GWG from the second to the third trimester was 52.3%, and that of participants with total insufficient GWG was 48.1%. There were no significant associations between insufficient GWG from the second to the third trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Participants with total insufficient GWG had a significantly lower risk of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.60) and high birth weight (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07–0.80). Conclusion Our findings suggest the importance of appropriate weight management and the need for GWG guidelines for pregnant women with GDM.
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Liabsuetrakul T, Sriwimol W, Jandee K, Suksai M, Dyereg J. Relationship of anthropometric measurements with glycated hemoglobin and 1-h blood glucose after 50 g glucose challenge test in pregnant women: A longitudinal cohort study in Southern Thailand. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:1337-1347. [PMID: 35261106 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess correlations of anthropometric measurements with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 1-h blood glucose after a 50 g glucose challenge test during the first and late second trimesters and explore their relationships of anthropometric measurements with neonatal birth weight. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted among pregnant Thai women with gestational age ≤14 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, using body mass index, body compositions, and circumferences, and skinfold thickness, were measured at four-time points: ≤14, 18-22, 24-28, and 30-34 weeks of gestation. HbA1c and 1-h blood glucose were examined at ≤14 and 24-28 weeks. Neonatal birth weight was recorded. RESULTS Of 312 women, HbA1c was more correlated with anthropometric measurements during pregnancy than 1-h blood glucose. At 24-28 weeks, women with high/very high body fat percentage were more likely to have higher HbA1c. Women with high subscapular skinfold thickness were more likely to have higher 1-h blood glucose at ≤14 and 24-28 weeks. High hip circumference significantly increased neonatal birth weights. CONCLUSION Anthropometric measurements were longitudinally correlated with HbA1c and 1-h blood glucose, higher in the late second than first trimesters, as well as neonatal birth weight. The mechanisms to explain the relationship of different anthropometric measurements are required to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Sriwimol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kasemsak Jandee
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jaeuddress Dyereg
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Division, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat, Thailand
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