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Brevet M, Li Z, Parwani A. Computational pathology in the identification of HER2-low breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100343. [PMID: 38125925 PMCID: PMC10730362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past 2 decades, pathologists have been accustomed to reporting the HER2 status of breast cancer as either positive or negative, based on HER2 IHC. Today, however, there is a clinical imperative to employ a 3-tier approach to interpreting HER2 IHC that can also identify tumours categorised as HER2-low. Meeting this need for a finer degree of discrimination may be challenging, and in this article, we consider the potential for the integration of computational approaches to support pathologists in achieving accurate and reproducible HER2 IHC scoring as well as outlining some of the practicalities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hosseini MS, Bejnordi BE, Trinh VQH, Chan L, Hasan D, Li X, Yang S, Kim T, Zhang H, Wu T, Chinniah K, Maghsoudlou S, Zhang R, Zhu J, Khaki S, Buin A, Chaji F, Salehi A, Nguyen BN, Samaras D, Plataniotis KN. Computational pathology: A survey review and the way forward. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100357. [PMID: 38420608 PMCID: PMC10900832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational Pathology (CPath) is an interdisciplinary science that augments developments of computational approaches to analyze and model medical histopathology images. The main objective for CPath is to develop infrastructure and workflows of digital diagnostics as an assistive CAD system for clinical pathology, facilitating transformational changes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer that are mainly address by CPath tools. With evergrowing developments in deep learning and computer vision algorithms, and the ease of the data flow from digital pathology, currently CPath is witnessing a paradigm shift. Despite the sheer volume of engineering and scientific works being introduced for cancer image analysis, there is still a considerable gap of adopting and integrating these algorithms in clinical practice. This raises a significant question regarding the direction and trends that are undertaken in CPath. In this article we provide a comprehensive review of more than 800 papers to address the challenges faced in problem design all-the-way to the application and implementation viewpoints. We have catalogued each paper into a model-card by examining the key works and challenges faced to layout the current landscape in CPath. We hope this helps the community to locate relevant works and facilitate understanding of the field's future directions. In a nutshell, we oversee the CPath developments in cycle of stages which are required to be cohesively linked together to address the challenges associated with such multidisciplinary science. We overview this cycle from different perspectives of data-centric, model-centric, and application-centric problems. We finally sketch remaining challenges and provide directions for future technical developments and clinical integration of CPath. For updated information on this survey review paper and accessing to the original model cards repository, please refer to GitHub. Updated version of this draft can also be found from arXiv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi S Hosseini
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer of the University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyndon Chan
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Danial Hasan
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xingwen Li
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Taehyo Kim
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Haochen Zhang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Theodore Wu
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Kajanan Chinniah
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sina Maghsoudlou
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ryan Zhang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jiadai Zhu
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Samir Khaki
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Andrei Buin
- Huron Digitial Pathology, St. Jacobs, ON N0B 2N0, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Chaji
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSSE), Concordia Univeristy, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Ala Salehi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen
- University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0C2, Canada
| | - Dimitris Samaras
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Konstantinos N Plataniotis
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
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Aden D, Zaheer S, Khan S. Possible benefits, challenges, pitfalls, and future perspective of using ChatGPT in pathology. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE PATOLOGIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CITOLOGIA 2024; 57:198-210. [PMID: 38971620 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The much-hyped artificial intelligence (AI) model called ChatGPT developed by Open AI can have great benefits for physicians, especially pathologists, by saving time so that they can use their time for more significant work. Generative AI is a special class of AI model, which uses patterns and structures learned from existing data and can create new data. Utilizing ChatGPT in Pathology offers a multitude of benefits, encompassing the summarization of patient records and its promising prospects in Digital Pathology, as well as its valuable contributions to education and research in this field. However, certain roadblocks need to be dealt like integrating ChatGPT with image analysis which will act as a revolution in the field of pathology by increasing diagnostic accuracy and precision. The challenges with the use of ChatGPT encompass biases from its training data, the need for ample input data, potential risks related to bias and transparency, and the potential adverse outcomes arising from inaccurate content generation. Generation of meaningful insights from the textual information which will be efficient in processing different types of image data, such as medical images, and pathology slides. Due consideration should be given to ethical and legal issues including bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Aden
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sabina Khan
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Chen Z, Wong IHM, Dai W, Lo CTK, Wong TTW. Lung Cancer Diagnosis on Virtual Histologically Stained Tissue Using Weakly Supervised Learning. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100487. [PMID: 38588884 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common primary lung cancer and accounts for 40% of all lung cancer cases. The current gold standard for lung cancer analysis is based on the pathologists' interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue slices viewed under a brightfield microscope or a digital slide scanner. Computational pathology using deep learning has been proposed to detect lung cancer on histology images. However, the histological staining workflow to acquire the H&E-stained images and the subsequent cancer diagnosis procedures are labor-intensive and time-consuming with tedious sample preparation steps and repetitive manual interpretation, respectively. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised learning method for LUAD classification on label-free tissue slices with virtual histological staining. The autofluorescence images of label-free tissue with histopathological information can be converted into virtual H&E-stained images by a weakly supervised deep generative model. For the downstream LUAD classification task, we trained the attention-based multiple-instance learning model with different settings on the open-source LUAD H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The model was validated on the 150 H&E-stained WSIs collected from patients in Queen Mary Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.961. The model also achieved an average AUC of 0.973 on 58 virtual H&E-stained WSIs, comparable to the results on 58 standard H&E-stained WSIs with an average AUC of 0.977. The attention heatmaps of virtual H&E-stained WSIs and ground-truth H&E-stained WSIs can indicate tumor regions of LUAD tissue slices. In conclusion, the proposed diagnostic workflow on virtual H&E-stained WSIs of label-free tissue is a rapid, cost effective, and interpretable approach to assist clinicians in postoperative pathological examinations. The method could serve as a blueprint for other label-free imaging modalities and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivy H M Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Claudia T K Lo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence T W Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Shi J, Chen Y, Wang Y. Deep learning and machine learning approaches to classify stomach distant metastatic tumors using DNA methylation profiles. Comput Biol Med 2024; 175:108496. [PMID: 38657466 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Distant metastasis of cancer is a significant contributor to cancer-related complications, and early identification of unidentified stomach adenocarcinoma is crucial for a positive prognosis. Changes inDNA methylation are being increasingly recognized as a crucial factor in predicting cancer progression. Within this research, we developed machine learning and deep learning models for distinguishing distant metastasis in samples of stomach adenocarcinoma based on DNA methylation profile. Employing deep neural networks (DNN), support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB) and decision tree (DT), and models for forecasting distant metastasis in stomach adenocarcinoma. The results show that the performance of DNN is better than that of other models, AUC and AUPR achieving 99.9 % and 99.5 % respectively. Additionally, a weighted random sampling technique was utilized to address the issue of imbalanced datasets, enabling the identification of crucial methylation markers associated with functionally significant genes in stomach distant metastasis tumors with greater performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Rich K, Tosefsky K, Martin KC, Bashashati A, Yip S. Practical Application of Deep Learning in Diagnostic Neuropathology-Reimagining a Histological Asset in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1976. [PMID: 38893099 PMCID: PMC11171052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, neuropathology has experienced several paradigm shifts with the introduction of new technologies. Deep learning, a rapidly progressing subfield of machine learning, seems to be the next innovation to alter the diagnostic workflow. In this review, we will explore the recent changes in the field of neuropathology and how this has led to an increased focus on molecular features in diagnosis and prognosis. Then, we will examine the work carried out to train deep learning models for various diagnostic tasks in neuropathology, as well as the machine learning frameworks they used. Focus will be given to both the challenges and successes highlighted therein, as well as what these trends may tell us about future roadblocks in the widespread adoption of this new technology. Finally, we will touch on recent trends in deep learning, as applied to digital pathology more generally, and what this may tell us about the future of deep learning applications in neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rich
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Kira Tosefsky
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
| | - Karina C. Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ali Bashashati
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (K.T.); (K.C.M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Browning L, Jesus C, Malacrino S, Guan Y, White K, Puddle A, Alham NK, Haghighat M, Colling R, Birks J, Rittscher J, Verrill C. Artificial Intelligence-Based Quality Assessment of Histopathology Whole-Slide Images within a Clinical Workflow: Assessment of 'PathProfiler' in a Diagnostic Pathology Setting. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:990. [PMID: 38786288 PMCID: PMC11120465 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology continues to gain momentum, with the promise of artificial intelligence to aid diagnosis and for assessment of features which may impact prognosis and clinical management. Successful adoption of these technologies depends upon the quality of digitised whole-slide images (WSI); however, current quality control largely depends upon manual assessment, which is inefficient and subjective. We previously developed PathProfiler, an automated image quality assessment tool, and in this feasibility study we investigate its potential for incorporation into a diagnostic clinical pathology setting in real-time. A total of 1254 genitourinary WSI were analysed by PathProfiler. PathProfiler was developed and trained on prostate tissue and, of the prostate biopsy WSI, representing 46% of the WSI analysed, 4.5% were flagged as potentially being of suboptimal quality for diagnosis. All had concordant subjective issues, mainly focus-related, 54% severe enough to warrant remedial action which resulted in improved image quality. PathProfiler was less reliable in assessment of non-prostate surgical resection-type cases, on which it had not been trained. PathProfiler shows potential for incorporation into a digitised clinical pathology workflow, with opportunity for image quality improvement. Whilst its reliability in the current form appears greatest for assessment of prostate specimens, other specimen types, particularly biopsies, also showed benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christine Jesus
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stefano Malacrino
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading RG1 5AN, UK
| | - Kieron White
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alison Puddle
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Maryam Haghighat
- School of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Richard Colling
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jacqueline Birks
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jens Rittscher
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Usta U, Taştekin E. Present and Future of Artificial Intelligence in Pathology. Balkan Med J 2024; 41:157-158. [PMID: 38700263 PMCID: PMC11077921 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024.060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Usta
- Department of Pathology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Taştekin
- Department of Pathology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye
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Bui DC, Song B, Kim K, Kwak JT. DAX-Net: A dual-branch dual-task adaptive cross-weight feature fusion network for robust multi-class cancer classification in pathology images. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 248:108112. [PMID: 38479146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multi-class cancer classification has been extensively studied in digital and computational pathology due to its importance in clinical decision-making. Numerous computational tools have been proposed for various types of cancer classification. Many of them are built based on convolutional neural networks. Recently, Transformer-style networks have shown to be effective for cancer classification. Herein, we present a hybrid design that leverages both convolutional neural networks and transformer architecture to obtain superior performance in cancer classification. METHODS We propose a dual-branch dual-task adaptive cross-weight feature fusion network, called DAX-Net, which exploits heterogeneous feature representations from the convolutional neural network and Transformer network, adaptively combines them to boost their representation power, and conducts cancer classification as categorical classification and ordinal classification. For an efficient and effective optimization of the proposed model, we introduce two loss functions that are tailored to the two classification tasks. RESULTS To evaluate the proposed method, we employed colorectal and prostate cancer datasets, of which each contains both in-domain and out-of-domain test sets. For colorectal cancer, the proposed method obtained an accuracy of 88.4%, a quadratic kappa score of 0.945, and an F1 score of 0.831 for the in-domain test set, and 84.4%, 0.910, and 0.768 for the out-of-domain test set. For prostate cancer, it achieved an accuracy of 71.6%, a kappa score of 0.635, and an F1 score of 0.655 for the in-domain test set, 79.2% accuracy, 0.721 kappa score, and 0.686 F1 score for the first out-of-domain test set, and 58.1% accuracy, 0.564 kappa score, and 0.493 F1 score for the second out-of-domain test set. It is worth noting that the performance of the proposed method outperformed other competitors by significant margins, in particular, with respect to the out-of-domain test sets. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is not only accurate but also robust to varying conditions of the test sets in comparison to several, related methods. These results suggest that the proposed method can facilitate automated cancer classification in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doanh C Bui
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Song
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kwak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Li D, Zhang J, Guo W, Ma K, Qin Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Xiong L, Huang J, Wan C, Huang P. A diagnostic strategy for pulmonary fat embolism based on routine H&E staining using computational pathology. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:849-858. [PMID: 37999766 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) as a cause of death often occurs in trauma cases such as fractures and soft tissue contusions. Traditional PFE diagnosis relies on subjective methods and special stains like oil red O. This study utilizes computational pathology, combining digital pathology and deep learning algorithms, to precisely quantify fat emboli in whole slide images using conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The results demonstrate deep learning's ability to identify fat droplet morphology in lung microvessels, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.98. The AI-quantified fat globules generally matched the Falzi scoring system with oil red O staining. The relative quantity of fat emboli against lung area was calculated by the algorithm, determining a diagnostic threshold of 8.275% for fatal PFE. A diagnostic strategy based on this threshold achieved a high AUC of 0.984, similar to manual identification with special stains but surpassing H&E staining. This demonstrates computational pathology's potential as an affordable, rapid, and precise method for fatal PFE diagnosis in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaijun Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Shanghai Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Changwu Wan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, China.
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11
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McCaffrey C, Jahangir C, Murphy C, Burke C, Gallagher WM, Rahman A. Artificial intelligence in digital histopathology for predicting patient prognosis and treatment efficacy in breast cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:363-377. [PMID: 38655907 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2346545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histological images contain phenotypic information predictive of patient outcomes. Due to the heavy workload of pathologists, the time-consuming nature of quantitatively assessing histological features, and human eye limitations to recognize spatial patterns, manually extracting prognostic information in routine pathological workflows remains challenging. Digital pathology has facilitated the mining and quantification of these features utilizing whole-slide image (WSI) scanners and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. AI algorithms to identify image-based biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment (TME) have the potential to revolutionize the field of oncology, reducing delays between diagnosis and prognosis determination, allowing for rapid stratification of patients and prescription of optimal treatment regimes, thereby improving patient outcomes. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss how AI algorithms and digital pathology can predict breast cancer patient prognosis and treatment outcomes using image-based biomarkers, along with the challenges of adopting this technology in clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION The integration of AI and digital pathology presents significant potential for analyzing the TME and its diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in breast cancer patients. Widespread clinical adoption of AI faces ethical, regulatory, and technical challenges, although prospective trials may offer reassurance and promote uptake, ultimately improving patient outcomes by reducing diagnosis-to-prognosis delivery delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine McCaffrey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chowdhury Jahangir
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimbhe Burke
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arman Rahman
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Ktena I, Wiles O, Albuquerque I, Rebuffi SA, Tanno R, Roy AG, Azizi S, Belgrave D, Kohli P, Cemgil T, Karthikesalingam A, Gowal S. Generative models improve fairness of medical classifiers under distribution shifts. Nat Med 2024; 30:1166-1173. [PMID: 38600282 PMCID: PMC11031395 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Domain generalization is a ubiquitous challenge for machine learning in healthcare. Model performance in real-world conditions might be lower than expected because of discrepancies between the data encountered during deployment and development. Underrepresentation of some groups or conditions during model development is a common cause of this phenomenon. This challenge is often not readily addressed by targeted data acquisition and 'labeling' by expert clinicians, which can be prohibitively expensive or practically impossible because of the rarity of conditions or the available clinical expertise. We hypothesize that advances in generative artificial intelligence can help mitigate this unmet need in a steerable fashion, enriching our training dataset with synthetic examples that address shortfalls of underrepresented conditions or subgroups. We show that diffusion models can automatically learn realistic augmentations from data in a label-efficient manner. We demonstrate that learned augmentations make models more robust and statistically fair in-distribution and out of distribution. To evaluate the generality of our approach, we studied three distinct medical imaging contexts of varying difficulty: (1) histopathology, (2) chest X-ray and (3) dermatology images. Complementing real samples with synthetic ones improved the robustness of models in all three medical tasks and increased fairness by improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis within underrepresented groups, especially out of distribution.
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Sajithkumar A, Thomas J, Saji AM, Ali F, E K HH, Adampulan HAG, Sarathchand S. Artificial Intelligence in pathology: current applications, limitations, and future directions. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1117-1121. [PMID: 37542634 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given AI's recent success in computer vision applications, majority of pathologists anticipate that it will be able to assist them with a variety of digital pathology activities. Massive improvements in deep learning have enabled a synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning, enabling image-based diagnosis against the backdrop of digital pathology. AI-based solutions are being developed to eliminate errors and save pathologists time. AIMS In this paper, we will discuss the components that went into the use of Artificial Intelligence in Pathology, its use in the medical profession, the obstacles and constraints that it encounters, and the future possibilities of AI in the medical field. CONCLUSIONS Based on these factors, we elaborate upon the use of AI in medical pathology and provide future recommendations for its successful implementation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Sajithkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India.
| | - Jubin Thomas
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India
| | - Ajish Meprathumalil Saji
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India
| | - Fousiya Ali
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India
| | - Haneena Hasin E K
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India
| | - Hannan Abdul Gafoor Adampulan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekanoor Road, Mudur PO, Edappal, Malappuram Dist, 679578, India
| | - Swathy Sarathchand
- Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka - Kuthiathode Rd, North Kuthiathode, Kunnukara, Kerala, 683594, India
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14
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Naseri S, Shukla S, Hiwale KM, Jagtap MM, Gadkari P, Gupta K, Deshmukh M, Sagar S. From Pixels to Prognosis: A Narrative Review on Artificial Intelligence's Pioneering Role in Colorectal Carcinoma Histopathology. Cureus 2024; 16:e59171. [PMID: 38807833 PMCID: PMC11129955 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma, a prevalent and deadly malignancy, necessitates precise histopathological assessment for effective diagnosis and prognosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative force in this realm, offering innovative solutions to enhance traditional histopathological methods. This narrative review explores AI's pioneering role in colorectal carcinoma histopathology, encompassing its evolution, techniques, and advancements. AI algorithms, notably machine learning and deep learning, have revolutionized image analysis, facilitating accurate diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Furthermore, AI-driven histopathological analysis unveils potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, heralding personalized treatment approaches. Despite its promise, challenges persist, including data quality, interpretability, and integration. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and AI developers are imperative to surmount these hurdles and realize AI's full potential in colorectal carcinoma care. This review underscores AI's transformative impact and implications for future oncology research, clinical practice, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhit Naseri
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Samarth Shukla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - K M Hiwale
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Miheer M Jagtap
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pravin Gadkari
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kartik Gupta
- Radiation Oncology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, IND
| | - Mamta Deshmukh
- Pathology, Indian Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jalna, IND
| | - Shakti Sagar
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Mahbod A, Polak C, Feldmann K, Khan R, Gelles K, Dorffner G, Woitek R, Hatamikia S, Ellinger I. NuInsSeg: A fully annotated dataset for nuclei instance segmentation in H&E-stained histological images. Sci Data 2024; 11:295. [PMID: 38486039 PMCID: PMC10940572 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In computational pathology, automatic nuclei instance segmentation plays an essential role in whole slide image analysis. While many computerized approaches have been proposed for this task, supervised deep learning (DL) methods have shown superior segmentation performances compared to classical machine learning and image processing techniques. However, these models need fully annotated datasets for training which is challenging to acquire, especially in the medical domain. In this work, we release one of the biggest fully manually annotated datasets of nuclei in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained histological images, called NuInsSeg. This dataset contains 665 image patches with more than 30,000 manually segmented nuclei from 31 human and mouse organs. Moreover, for the first time, we provide additional ambiguous area masks for the entire dataset. These vague areas represent the parts of the images where precise and deterministic manual annotations are impossible, even for human experts. The dataset and detailed step-by-step instructions to generate related segmentation masks are publicly available on the respective repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Mahbod
- Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, 3500, Austria.
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Christine Polak
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Feldmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Rumsha Khan
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Georg Dorffner
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Ramona Woitek
- Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, 3500, Austria
| | - Sepideh Hatamikia
- Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems an der Donau, 3500, Austria
- Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology, Wiener Neustadt, 2700, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Butler L, Gunturkun F, Chinthala L, Karabayir I, Tootooni MS, Bakir-Batu B, Celik T, Akbilgic O, Davis RL. AI-based preeclampsia detection and prediction with electrocardiogram data. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1360238. [PMID: 38500752 PMCID: PMC10945012 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1360238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than 76,000 women die yearly from preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and management of preeclampsia can improve outcomes for both mother and baby. In this study, we developed artificial intelligence models to detect and predict preeclampsia from electrocardiograms (ECGs) in point-of-care settings. Methods Ten-second 12-lead ECG data was obtained from two large health care settings: University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) and Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (AHWFB). UTHSC data was split into 80% training and 20% holdout data. The model used a modified ResNet convolutional neural network, taking one-dimensional raw ECG signals comprising 12 channels as an input, to predict risk of preeclampsia. Sub-analyses were performed to assess the predictive accuracy for preeclampsia prediction within 30, 60, or 90 days before diagnosis. Results The UTHSC cohort included 904 ECGs from 759 females (78.8% African American) with a mean ± sd age of 27.3 ± 5.0 years. The AHWFB cohort included 817 ECGs from 141 females (45.4 African American) with a mean ± sd age of 27.4 ± 5.9 years. The cross-validated ECG-AI model yielded an AUC (95% CI) of 0.85 (0.77-0.93) on UTHSC holdout data, and an AUC (95% CI) of 0.81 (0.77-0.84) on AHWFB data. The sub-analysis of different time windows before preeclampsia prediction resulted in AUCs (95% CI) of 0.92 (0.84-1.00), 0.89 (0.81-0.98) and 0.90 (0.81-0.98) when tested on ECGs 30 days, 60 days and 90 days, respectively, before diagnosis. When assessed on early onset preeclampsia (preeclampsia diagnosed at <34 weeks of pregnancy), the model's AUC (95% CI) was 0.98 (0.89-1.00). Discussion We conclude that preeclampsia can be identified with high accuracy via application of AI models to ECG data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Butler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Fatma Gunturkun
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lokesh Chinthala
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, UTHSC, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ibrahim Karabayir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mohammad S. Tootooni
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Berna Bakir-Batu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, UTHSC, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Turgay Celik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Oguz Akbilgic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Robert L. Davis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, UTHSC, Memphis, TN, United States
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Wu DY, Fang YV, Vo DT, Spangler A, Seiler SJ. Detailed Image Data Quality and Cleaning Practices for Artificial Intelligence Tools for Breast Cancer. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2300074. [PMID: 38552191 PMCID: PMC10994436 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Standardizing image-data preparation practices to improve accuracy/consistency of AI diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Y. Wu
- Volunteer Services, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yisheng V. Fang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dat T. Vo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ann Spangler
- Retired, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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18
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Singla N, Kundu R, Dey P. Artificial Intelligence: Exploring utility in detection and typing of fungus with futuristic application in fungal cytology. Cytopathology 2024; 35:226-234. [PMID: 37970960 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging, transforming and revolutionary technology that has captured attention worldwide. It is translating research into precision oncology treatments. AI can analyse large or big data sets requiring high-speed specialized computing solutions. The data are big in terms of volume and multimodal with the amalgamation of images, text and structure. Machine learning has identified antifungal drug targets, and taxonomic and phylogenetic classification of fungi based on sequence analysis is now available. Real-time identification tools and user-friendly mobile applications for identifying fungi have been discovered. Akin to histopathology, AI can be applied to fungal cytology. AI has been fruitful in cytopathology of the thyroid gland, breast, urine and uterine cervical lesions. AI has a huge scope in fungal cytology and would certainly bear fruit with its accuracy, reproducibility and capacity for handling big data. The purpose of this systematic review was to highlight the AI's utility in detecting fungus and its typing with a special focus on future application in fungal cytology. We also touch upon the basics of AI in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singla
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reetu Kundu
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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19
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Satturwar S, Parwani AV. Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: Current State and Future Implications. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:136-144. [PMID: 38179884 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this modern era of digital pathology, artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostics for prostate cancer has become a hot topic. Multiple retrospective studies have demonstrated the benefits of AI-based diagnostic solutions for prostate cancer that includes improved prostate cancer detection, quantification, grading, interobserver concordance, cost and time savings, and a potential to reduce pathologists' workload and enhance pathology laboratory workflow. One of the major milestones is the Food and Drug Administration approval of Paige prostate AI for a second review of prostate cancer diagnosed using core needle biopsies. However, implementation of these AI tools for routine prostate cancer diagnostics is still lacking. Some of the limiting factors include costly digital pathology workflow, lack of regulatory guidelines for deployment of AI, and lack of prospective studies demonstrating the actual benefits of AI algorithms. Apart from diagnosis, AI algorithms have the potential to uncover novel insights into understanding the biology of prostate cancer and enable better risk stratification, and prognostication. This article includes an in-depth review of the current state of AI for prostate cancer diagnosis and highlights the future prospects of AI in prostate pathology for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Satturwar
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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20
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Stevenson E, Walsh C, Hibberd L. Can artificial intelligence replace biochemists? A study comparing interpretation of thyroid function test results by ChatGPT and Google Bard to practising biochemists. Ann Clin Biochem 2024; 61:143-149. [PMID: 37699796 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231203473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasing and this novel technology is being used for a range of everyday tasks and more specialist clinical applications. On a background of increasing waits for GP appointments alongside patient access to laboratory test results through the NHS app, this study aimed to assess the accuracy and safety of two AI tools, ChatGPT and Google Bard, in providing interpretation of thyroid function test results as if posed by laboratory scientists or patients. METHODS Fifteen fictional cases were presented to a team of clinicians and clinical scientists to produce a consensus opinion. The cases were then presented to ChatGPT and Google Bard as though from healthcare providers and from patients. The responses were categorized as correct, partially correct or incorrect compared to consensus opinion and the advice assessed for safety to patients. RESULTS Of the 15 cases presented, ChatGPT and Google Bard correctly interpreted only 33.3% and 20.0% of cases, respectively. When queries were posed as a patient, 66.7% of ChatGPT responses were safe compared to 60.0% of Google Bard responses. Both AI tools were able to identify primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism but failed to identify subclinical presentations, non-thyroidal illness or secondary hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that AI tools do not currently have the capacity to generate consistently correct interpretation and safe advice to patients and should not be used as an alternative to a consultation with a qualified medical professional. Available AI in its current form cannot replace human clinical knowledge in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Stevenson
- Clinical Biochemistry, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Chelsey Walsh
- Clinical Biochemistry, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Luke Hibberd
- Clinical Biochemistry, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, UK
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Oon ML, Syn NL, Tan CL, Tan KB, Ng SB. Bridging bytes and biopsies: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT and histopathologists in pathology diagnosis and collaborative potential. Histopathology 2024; 84:601-613. [PMID: 38032062 DOI: 10.1111/his.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by the OpenAI research laboratory which is capable of analysing human input and generating human-like responses. Early research into the potential application of ChatGPT in healthcare has focused mainly on clinical and administrative functions. The diagnostic ability and utility of ChatGPT in histopathology is not well defined. We benchmarked the performance of ChatGPT against pathologists in diagnostic histopathology, and evaluated the collaborative potential between pathologists and ChatGPT to deliver more accurate diagnoses. METHODS AND RESULTS In Part 1 of the study, pathologists and ChatGPT were subjected to a series of questions encompassing common diagnostic conundrums in histopathology. For Part 2, pathologists reviewed a series of challenging virtual slides and provided their diagnoses before and after consultation with ChatGPT. We found that ChatGPT performed worse than pathologists in reaching the correct diagnosis. Consultation with ChatGPT provided limited help and information generated from ChatGPT is dependent on the prompts provided by the pathologists and is not always correct. Finally, we surveyed pathologists who rated the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT poorly, but found it useful as an advanced search engine. CONCLUSIONS The use of ChatGPT4 as a diagnostic tool in histopathology is limited by its inherent shortcomings. Judicious evaluation of the information and histopathology diagnosis generated from ChatGPT4 is essential and cannot replace the acuity and judgement of a pathologist. However, future advances in generative AI may expand its role in the field of histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Oon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Char Loo Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong-Bing Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Liu H, Xie X, Wang B. Deep learning infers clinically relevant protein levels and drug response in breast cancer from unannotated pathology images. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38413598 PMCID: PMC10899601 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The computational pathology has been demonstrated to effectively uncover tumor-related genomic alterations and transcriptomic patterns. Although proteomics has indeed shown great potential in the field of precision medicine, few studies have focused on the computational prediction of protein levels from pathology images. In this paper, we assume that deep learning-based pathological features imply the protein levels of tumor biomarkers that are indicative of prognosis and drug response. For this purpose, we propose wsi2rppa, a weakly supervised contrastive learning framework to infer the protein levels of tumor biomarkers from whole slide images (WSIs) in breast cancer. We first conducted contrastive learning-based pre-training on tessellated tiles to extract pathological features, which are then aggregated by attention pooling and adapted to downstream tasks. We conducted extensive evaluation experiments on the TCGA-BRCA cohort (1978 WSIs of 1093 patients with protein levels of 223 biomarkers) and the CPTAC-BRCA cohort (642 WSIs of 134 patients). The results showed that our method achieved state-of-the-art performance in tumor diagnostic tasks, and also performed well in predicting clinically relevant protein levels and drug response. To show the model interpretability, we spatially visualized the WSIs colored the tiles by their attention scores, and found that the regions with high scores were highly consistent with the tumor and necrotic regions annotated by a 10-year experienced pathologist. Moreover, spatial transcriptomic data further verified that the heatmap generated by attention scores agrees greatly with the spatial expression landscape of two typical tumor biomarker genes. In predicting the response to drug trastuzumab treatment, our method achieved a 0.79 AUC value which is much higher than the previous study reported 0.68. These findings showed the remarkable potential of computational pathology in the prediction of clinically relevant protein levels, drug response, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213110, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Soliman A, Li Z, Parwani AV. Artificial intelligence's impact on breast cancer pathology: a literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38388367 PMCID: PMC10882736 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the profound impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and management within the field of pathology. It examines the various applications of AI across diverse aspects of BC pathology, highlighting key findings from multiple studies. Integrating AI into routine pathology practice stands to improve diagnostic accuracy, thereby contributing to reducing avoidable errors. Additionally, AI has excelled in identifying invasive breast tumors and lymph node metastasis through its capacity to process large whole-slide images adeptly. Adaptive sampling techniques and powerful convolutional neural networks mark these achievements. The evaluation of hormonal status, which is imperative for BC treatment choices, has also been enhanced by AI quantitative analysis, aiding interobserver concordance and reliability. Breast cancer grading and mitotic count evaluation also benefit from AI intervention. AI-based frameworks effectively classify breast carcinomas, even for moderately graded cases that traditional methods struggle with. Moreover, AI-assisted mitotic figures quantification surpasses manual counting in precision and sensitivity, fostering improved prognosis. The assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer using AI yields insights into patient survival prognosis. Furthermore, AI-powered predictions of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response demonstrate potential for streamlining treatment strategies. Addressing limitations, such as preanalytical variables, annotation demands, and differentiation challenges, is pivotal for realizing AI's full potential in BC pathology. Despite the existing hurdles, AI's multifaceted contributions to BC pathology hold great promise, providing enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and standardization. Continued research and innovation are crucial for overcoming obstacles and fully harnessing AI's transformative capabilities in breast cancer diagnosis and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Soliman
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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24
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Murchan P, Baird AM, Ó Broin P, Sheils O, Finn SP. Surrogate Biomarker Prediction from Whole-Slide Images for Evaluating Overall Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:462. [PMID: 38472935 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in computational pathology have shown potential in predicting biomarkers from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) whole-slide images (WSI). However, predicting the outcome directly from WSIs remains a substantial challenge. In this study, we aimed to investigate how gene expression, predicted from WSIs, could be used to evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD cohort. Cox regression analysis was performed on DEGs to identify the gene prognostics of OS. Attention-based multiple instance learning (AMIL) models were trained to predict the expression of identified prognostic genes from WSIs using the TCGA-LUAD dataset. Models were externally validated in the Clinical Proteomic Tumour Analysis Consortium (CPTAC)-LUAD dataset. The prognostic value of predicted gene expression values was then compared to the true gene expression measurements. RESULTS The expression of 239 prognostic genes could be predicted in TCGA-LUAD with cross-validated Pearson's R > 0.4. Predicted gene expression demonstrated prognostic performance, attaining a cross-validated concordance index of up to 0.615 in TCGA-LUAD through Cox regression. In total, 36 genes had predicted expression in the external validation cohort that was prognostic of OS. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression predicted from WSIs is an effective method of evaluating OS in patients with LUAD. These results may open up new avenues of cost- and time-efficient prognosis assessment in LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Murchan
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, University of Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 A440 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute (TSJCI), St. James's Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 X4RX Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Brancato V, Esposito G, Coppola L, Cavaliere C, Mirabelli P, Scapicchio C, Borgheresi R, Neri E, Salvatore M, Aiello M. Standardizing digital biobanks: integrating imaging, genomic, and clinical data for precision medicine. J Transl Med 2024; 22:136. [PMID: 38317237 PMCID: PMC10845786 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in data acquisition and computational methods are generating a large amount of heterogeneous biomedical data from diagnostic domains such as clinical imaging, pathology, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), which help characterize individual differences in patients. However, this information needs to be available and suitable to promote and support scientific research and technological development, supporting the effective adoption of the precision medicine approach in clinical practice. Digital biobanks can catalyze this process, facilitating the sharing of curated and standardized imaging data, clinical, pathological and molecular data, crucial to enable the development of a comprehensive and personalized data-driven diagnostic approach in disease management and fostering the development of computational predictive models. This work aims to frame this perspective, first by evaluating the state of standardization of individual diagnostic domains and then by identifying challenges and proposing a possible solution towards an integrative approach that can guarantee the suitability of information that can be shared through a digital biobank. Our analysis of the state of the art shows the presence and use of reference standards in biobanks and, generally, digital repositories for each specific domain. Despite this, standardization to guarantee the integration and reproducibility of the numerical descriptors generated by each domain, e.g. radiomic, pathomic and -omic features, is still an open challenge. Based on specific use cases and scenarios, an integration model, based on the JSON format, is proposed that can help address this problem. Ultimately, this work shows how, with specific standardization and promotion efforts, the digital biobank model can become an enabling technology for the comprehensive study of diseases and the effective development of data-driven technologies at the service of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppina Esposito
- Bio Check Up S.R.L, 80121, Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Peppino Mirabelli
- UOS Laboratori di Ricerca e Biobanca, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Via Teresa Ravaschieri, 8, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Scapicchio
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Borgheresi
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Neri
- Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Farzan R. Artificial intelligence in Immuno-genetics. Bioinformation 2024; 20:29-35. [PMID: 38352901 PMCID: PMC10859949 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have opened up unprecedented opportunities to revolutionize various scientific domains, including immunology and genetics. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the emerging applications of AI in immunology and genetics, with the objective of enhancing our understanding of the dynamic intricacies of the immune system, disease etiology, and genetic variations. Hence, the use of AI methodologies in immunological and genetic datasets, thereby facilitating the development of innovative approaches in the realms of diagnosis, treatment, and personalized medicine is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Farzan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Scienecs, King Saud University, Riyadh - 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh - 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, King Saud University, Riyadh-11433, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Hasselgren C, Oprea TI. Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery: Are We There Yet? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:527-550. [PMID: 37738505 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040323-040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is adapting to novel technologies such as data science, informatics, and artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate effective treatment development while reducing costs and animal experiments. AI is transforming drug discovery, as indicated by increasing interest from investors, industrial and academic scientists, and legislators. Successful drug discovery requires optimizing properties related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes. This review discusses the use of AI in the three pillars of drug discovery: diseases, targets, and therapeutic modalities, with a focus on small-molecule drugs. AI technologies, such as generative chemistry, machine learning, and multiproperty optimization, have enabled several compounds to enter clinical trials. The scientific community must carefully vet known information to address the reproducibility crisis. The full potential of AI in drug discovery can only be realized with sufficient ground truth and appropriate human intervention at later pipeline stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Hasselgren
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- Expert Systems Inc., San Diego, California, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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28
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Levy JJ, Davis MJ, Chacko RS, Davis MJ, Fu LJ, Goel T, Pamal A, Nafi I, Angirekula A, Suvarna A, Vempati R, Christensen BC, Hayden MS, Vaickus LJ, LeBoeuf MR. Intraoperative margin assessment for basal cell carcinoma with deep learning and histologic tumor mapping to surgical site. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:2. [PMID: 38172524 PMCID: PMC10764333 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of solid cancers relies on complete surgical excision of the tumor either for definitive treatment or before adjuvant therapy. Intraoperative and postoperative radial sectioning, the most common form of margin assessment, can lead to incomplete excision and increase the risk of recurrence and repeat procedures. Mohs Micrographic Surgery is associated with complete removal of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma through real-time margin assessment of 100% of the peripheral and deep margins. Real-time assessment in many tumor types is constrained by tissue size, complexity, and specimen processing / assessment time during general anesthesia. We developed an artificial intelligence platform to reduce the tissue preprocessing and histological assessment time through automated grossing recommendations, mapping and orientation of tumor to the surgical specimen. Using basal cell carcinoma as a model system, results demonstrate that this approach can address surgical laboratory efficiency bottlenecks for rapid and complete intraoperative margin assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Levy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA.
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA.
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | | | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Lucy J Fu
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Tarushii Goel
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Akash Pamal
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Irfan Nafi
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Abhinav Angirekula
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Anish Suvarna
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
| | - Ram Vempati
- Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, 22312, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Matthew S Hayden
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Louis J Vaickus
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Matthew R LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
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29
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Kveton M, Hudec L, Vykopal I, Halinkovic M, Laco M, Felsoova A, Benesova W, Fabian O. Digital pathology in cardiac transplant diagnostics: from biopsies to algorithms. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 68:107587. [PMID: 37926351 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of heart transplantation, the ability to accurately and promptly diagnose cardiac allograft rejection is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the transformative role of digital pathology and computational pathology, especially through machine learning, in this critical domain. These methodologies harness large datasets to extract subtle patterns and valuable information that extend beyond human perceptual capabilities, potentially enhancing diagnostic outcomes. Current research indicates that these computer-based systems could offer accuracy and performance matching, or even exceeding, that of expert pathologists, thereby introducing more objectivity and reducing observer variability. Despite promising results, several challenges such as limited sample sizes, diverse data sources, and the absence of standardized protocols pose significant barriers to the widespread adoption of these techniques. The future of digital pathology in heart transplantation diagnostics depends on utilizing larger, more diverse patient cohorts, standardizing data collection, processing, and evaluation protocols, and fostering collaborative research efforts. The integration of various data types, including clinical, demographic, and imaging information, could further refine diagnostic precision. As researchers address these challenges and promote collaborative efforts, digital pathology has the potential to become an integral part of clinical practice, ultimately improving patient care in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kveton
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Hudec
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Vykopal
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Halinkovic
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Laco
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Felsoova
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wanda Benesova
- Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Fabian
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Evans H, Snead D. Why do errors arise in artificial intelligence diagnostic tools in histopathology and how can we minimize them? Histopathology 2024; 84:279-287. [PMID: 37921030 DOI: 10.1111/his.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic tools can offer numerous benefits to the field of histopathology, including improved diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and productivity. As a result, such tools are likely to have an increasing role in routine practice. However, all AI tools are prone to errors, and these AI-associated errors have been identified as a major risk in the introduction of AI into healthcare. The errors made by AI tools are different, in terms of both cause and nature, to the errors made by human pathologists. As highlighted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, it is imperative that practising pathologists understand the potential limitations of AI tools, including the errors made. Pathologists are in a unique position to be gatekeepers of AI tool use, maximizing patient benefit while minimizing harm. Furthermore, their pathological knowledge is essential to understanding when, and why, errors have occurred and so to developing safer future algorithms. This paper summarises the literature on errors made by AI diagnostic tools in histopathology. These include erroneous errors, data concerns (data bias, hidden stratification, data imbalances, distributional shift, and lack of generalisability), reinforcement of outdated practices, unsafe failure mode, automation bias, and insensitivity to impact. Methods to reduce errors in both tool design and clinical use are discussed, and the practical roles for pathologists in error minimisation are highlighted. This aims to inform and empower pathologists to move safely through this seismic change in practice and help ensure that novel AI tools are adopted safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Evans
- Histopathology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David Snead
- Histopathology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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31
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Malik S, Zaheer S. ChatGPT as an aid for pathological diagnosis of cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154989. [PMID: 38056135 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic workup of cancer patients is highly reliant on the science of pathology using cytopathology, histopathology, and other ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics. Data processing and learning by means of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a spearhead for the advancement of medicine, with pathology and laboratory medicine being no exceptions. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot, that was recently launched by OpenAI, is currently a talk of the town, and its role in cancer diagnosis is also being explored meticulously. Pathology workflow by integration of digital slides, implementation of advanced algorithms, and computer-aided diagnostic techniques extend the frontiers of the pathologist's view beyond a microscopic slide and enables effective integration, assimilation, and utilization of knowledge that is beyond human limits and boundaries. Despite of it's numerous advantages in the pathological diagnosis of cancer, it comes with several challenges like integration of digital slides with input language parameters, problems of bias, and legal issues which have to be addressed and worked up soon so that we as a pathologists diagnosing malignancies are on the same band wagon and don't miss the train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaivy Malik
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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32
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Sauter D, Lodde G, Nensa F, Schadendorf D, Livingstone E, Kukuk M. A Systematic Comparison of Task Adaptation Techniques for Digital Histopathology. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:19. [PMID: 38247897 PMCID: PMC10813343 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to an insufficient amount of image annotation, artificial intelligence in computational histopathology usually relies on fine-tuning pre-trained neural networks. While vanilla fine-tuning has shown to be effective, research on computer vision has recently proposed improved algorithms, promising better accuracy. While initial studies have demonstrated the benefits of these algorithms for medical AI, in particular for radiology, there is no empirical evidence for improved accuracy in histopathology. Therefore, based on the ConvNeXt architecture, our study performs a systematic comparison of nine task adaptation techniques, namely, DELTA, L2-SP, MARS-PGM, Bi-Tuning, BSS, MultiTune, SpotTune, Co-Tuning, and vanilla fine-tuning, on five histopathological classification tasks using eight datasets. The results are based on external testing and statistical validation and reveal a multifaceted picture: some techniques are better suited for histopathology than others, but depending on the classification task, a significant relative improvement in accuracy was observed for five advanced task adaptation techniques over the control method, i.e., vanilla fine-tuning (e.g., Co-Tuning: P(≫) = 0.942, d = 2.623). Furthermore, we studied the classification accuracy for three of the nine methods with respect to the training set size (e.g., Co-Tuning: P(≫) = 0.951, γ = 0.748). Overall, our results show that the performance of advanced task adaptation techniques in histopathology is affected by influencing factors such as the specific classification task or the size of the training dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sauter
- Department of Computer Science, Fachhochschule Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Georg Lodde
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (G.L.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Felix Nensa
- Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany;
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (G.L.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (G.L.); (D.S.); (E.L.)
| | - Markus Kukuk
- Department of Computer Science, Fachhochschule Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
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33
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Peloso A, Naesens M, Thaunat O. The Dawn of a New Era in Kidney Transplantation: Promises and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Diagnostics. Transpl Int 2023; 36:12010. [PMID: 38234305 PMCID: PMC10793260 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peloso
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Abdominal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Thaunat
- International Center of Infectiology Research (CIRI), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Mixed University Unit (UMR) 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
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34
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Schacherer DP, Herrmann MD, Clunie DA, Höfener H, Clifford W, Longabaugh WJR, Pieper S, Kikinis R, Fedorov A, Homeyer A. The NCI Imaging Data Commons as a platform for reproducible research in computational pathology. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 242:107839. [PMID: 37832430 PMCID: PMC10841477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Reproducibility is a major challenge in developing machine learning (ML)-based solutions in computational pathology (CompPath). The NCI Imaging Data Commons (IDC) provides >120 cancer image collections according to the FAIR principles and is designed to be used with cloud ML services. Here, we explore its potential to facilitate reproducibility in CompPath research. METHODS Using the IDC, we implemented two experiments in which a representative ML-based method for classifying lung tumor tissue was trained and/or evaluated on different datasets. To assess reproducibility, the experiments were run multiple times with separate but identically configured instances of common ML services. RESULTS The results of different runs of the same experiment were reproducible to a large extent. However, we observed occasional, small variations in AUC values, indicating a practical limit to reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the IDC facilitates approaching the reproducibility limit of CompPath research (i) by enabling researchers to reuse exactly the same datasets and (ii) by integrating with cloud ML services so that experiments can be run in identically configured computing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Schacherer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Straße 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus D Herrmann
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Henning Höfener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Straße 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ron Kikinis
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrey Fedorov
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André Homeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-von-Laue-Straße 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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35
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Shi J, Tang L, Gao Z, Li Y, Wang C, Gong T, Li C, Fu H. MG-Trans: Multi-Scale Graph Transformer With Information Bottleneck for Whole Slide Image Classification. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 42:3871-3883. [PMID: 37682644 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3313252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple instance learning (MIL)-based methods have become the mainstream for processing the megapixel-sized whole slide image (WSI) with pyramid structure in the field of digital pathology. The current MIL-based methods usually crop a large number of patches from WSI at the highest magnification, resulting in a lot of redundancy in the input and feature space. Moreover, the spatial relations between patches can not be sufficiently modeled, which may weaken the model's discriminative ability on fine-grained features. To solve the above limitations, we propose a Multi-scale Graph Transformer (MG-Trans) with information bottleneck for whole slide image classification. MG-Trans is composed of three modules: patch anchoring module (PAM), dynamic structure information learning module (SILM), and multi-scale information bottleneck module (MIBM). Specifically, PAM utilizes the class attention map generated from the multi-head self-attention of vision Transformer to identify and sample the informative patches. SILM explicitly introduces the local tissue structure information into the Transformer block to sufficiently model the spatial relations between patches. MIBM effectively fuses the multi-scale patch features by utilizing the principle of information bottleneck to generate a robust and compact bag-level representation. Besides, we also propose a semantic consistency loss to stabilize the training of the whole model. Extensive studies on three subtyping datasets and seven gene mutation detection datasets demonstrate the superiority of MG-Trans.
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36
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Szymoński K, Skirlińska-Nosek K, Lipiec E, Sofińska K, Czaja M, Wilkosz N, Krupa M, Wanat F, Ulatowska-Białas M, Adamek D. Combined analytical approach empowers precise spectroscopic interpretation of subcellular components of pancreatic cancer cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7281-7295. [PMID: 37906289 PMCID: PMC10684650 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of specific and sensitive early diagnostic options for pancreatic cancer (PC) results in patients being largely diagnosed with late-stage disease, thus inoperable and burdened with high mortality. Molecular spectroscopic methodologies, such as Raman or infrared spectroscopies, show promise in becoming a leader in screening for early-stage cancer diseases, including PC. However, should such technology be introduced, the identification of differentiating spectral features between various cancer types is required. This would not be possible without the precise extraction of spectra without the contamination by necrosis, inflammation, desmoplasia, or extracellular fluids such as mucous that surround tumor cells. Moreover, an efficient methodology for their interpretation has not been well defined. In this study, we compared different methods of spectral analysis to find the best for investigating the biomolecular composition of PC cells cytoplasm and nuclei separately. Sixteen PC tissue samples of main PC subtypes (ductal adenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma, and ampulla of Vater carcinoma) were collected with Raman hyperspectral mapping, resulting in 191,355 Raman spectra and analyzed with comparative methodologies, specifically, hierarchical cluster analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, principal components analysis (PCA), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). As a result, we propose an innovative approach to spectra classification by CNN, combined with PCA for molecular characterization. The CNN-based spectra classification achieved over 98% successful validation rate. Subsequent analyses of spectral features revealed differences among PC subtypes and between the cytoplasm and nuclei of their cells. Our study establishes an optimal methodology for cancer tissue spectral data classification and interpretation that allows precise and cognitive studies of cancer cells and their subcellular components, without mixing the results with cancer-surrounding tissue. As a proof of concept, we describe findings that add to the spectroscopic understanding of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szymoński
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Skirlińska-Nosek
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Sofińska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Czaja
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Wilkosz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Matylda Krupa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Wanat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ulatowska-Białas
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Kataria T, Rajamani S, Ayubi AB, Bronner M, Jedrzkiewicz J, Knudsen BS, Elhabian SY. Automating Ground Truth Annotations for Gland Segmentation Through Immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100331. [PMID: 37716506 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic evaluation of glands in the colon is of utmost importance in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. When properly trained, deep learning pipelines can provide a systematic, reproducible, and quantitative assessment of disease-related changes in glandular tissue architecture. The training and testing of deep learning models require large amounts of manual annotations, which are difficult, time-consuming, and expensive to obtain. Here, we propose a method for automated generation of ground truth in digital hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides using immunohistochemistry (IHC) labels. The image processing pipeline generates annotations of glands in H&E histopathology images from colon biopsy specimens by transfer of gland masks from KRT8/18, CDX2, or EPCAM IHC. The IHC gland outlines are transferred to coregistered H&E images for training of deep learning models. We compared the performance of the deep learning models to that of manual annotations using an internal held-out set of biopsy specimens as well as 2 public data sets. Our results show that EPCAM IHC provides gland outlines that closely match manual gland annotations (Dice = 0.89) and are resilient to damage by inflammation. In addition, we propose a simple data sampling technique that allows models trained on data from several sources to be adapted to a new data source using just a few newly annotated samples. The best performing models achieved average Dice scores of 0.902 and 0.89 on Gland Segmentation and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Gland colon cancer public data sets, respectively, when trained with only 10% of annotated cases from either public cohort. Altogether, the performances of our models indicate that automated annotations using cell type-specific IHC markers can safely replace manual annotations. Automated IHC labels from single-institution cohorts can be combined with small numbers of hand-annotated cases from multi-institutional cohorts to train models that generalize well to diverse data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kataria
- Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Kahlert School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Saradha Rajamani
- Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Kahlert School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Abdul Bari Ayubi
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mary Bronner
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Kahlert School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Shireen Y Elhabian
- Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Kahlert School of Computing, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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38
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Chen P, Rojas FR, Hu X, Serrano A, Zhu B, Chen H, Hong L, Bandyoyadhyay R, Aminu M, Kalhor N, Lee JJ, El Hussein S, Khoury JD, Pass HI, Moreira AL, Velcheti V, Sterman DH, Fukuoka J, Tabata K, Su D, Ying L, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Wistuba II, Fujimoto J, Solis Soto LM, Zhang J, Wu J. Pathomic Features Reveal Immune and Molecular Evolution From Lung Preneoplasia to Invasive Adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100326. [PMID: 37678674 PMCID: PMC10841057 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent statistics on lung cancer, including the steady decline of advanced diseases and the dramatically increasing detection of early-stage diseases and indeterminate pulmonary nodules, mark the significance of a comprehensive understanding of early lung carcinogenesis. Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common histologic subtype of lung cancer, and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia is the only recognized preneoplasia to ADC, which may progress to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and eventually to invasive ADC. Although molecular evolution during early lung carcinogenesis has been explored in recent years, the progress has been significantly hindered, largely due to insufficient materials from ADC precursors. Here, we employed state-of-the-art deep learning and artificial intelligence techniques to robustly segment and recognize cells on routinely used hematoxylin and eosin histopathology images and extracted 9 biology-relevant pathomic features to decode lung preneoplasia evolution. We analyzed 3 distinct cohorts (Japan, China, and United States) covering 98 patients, 162 slides, and 669 regions of interest, including 143 normal, 129 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 94 AIS, 98 MIA, and 205 ADC. Extracted pathomic features revealed progressive increase of atypical epithelial cells and progressive decrease of lymphocytic cells from normal to AAH, AIS, MIA, and ADC, consistent with the results from tissue-consuming and expensive molecular/immune profiling. Furthermore, pathomics analysis manifested progressively increasing cellular intratumor heterogeneity along with the evolution from normal lung to invasive ADC. These findings demonstrated the feasibility and substantial potential of pathomics in studying lung cancer carcinogenesis directly from the low-cost routine hematoxylin and eosin staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjun Chen
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Frank R Rojas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alejandra Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rukhmini Bandyoyadhyay
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Muhammad Aminu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siba El Hussein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Vamsidhar Velcheti
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Sterman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dan Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Ying
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Yigci D, Atçeken N, Yetisen AK, Tasoglu S. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Integrated CRISPR Methods for Infectious Disease Diagnosis at Point of Care. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43357-43373. [PMID: 38027359 PMCID: PMC10666231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to pose an imminent threat to global public health, leading to high numbers of deaths every year and disproportionately impacting developing countries where access to healthcare is limited. Biological, environmental, and social phenomena, including climate change, globalization, increased population density, and social inequity, contribute to the emergence of novel communicable diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnoses of infectious diseases are essential to preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Although some commonly used diagnostic technologies provide highly sensitive and specific measurements, limitations including the requirement for complex equipment/infrastructure and refrigeration, the need for trained personnel, long sample processing times, and high cost remain unresolved. To ensure global access to affordable diagnostic methods, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) integrated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) based pathogen detection has emerged as a promising technology. Here, LAMP-integrated CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection methods are discussed in point-of-care (PoC) pathogen detection platforms, and current limitations and future directions are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Yigci
- School
of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Nazente Atçeken
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi
University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç
University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries
(KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Physical
Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute
for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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40
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Chai B, Efstathiou C, Yue H, Draviam VM. Opportunities and challenges for deep learning in cell dynamics research. Trends Cell Biol 2023:S0962-8924(23)00228-3. [PMID: 38030542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to an increase in the adoption of computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques for the evaluation of microscopy images and movies. This adoption has not only addressed hurdles in quantitative analysis of dynamic cell biological processes but has also started to support advances in drug development, precision medicine, and genome-phenome mapping. We survey existing AI-based techniques and tools, as well as open-source datasets, with a specific focus on the computational tasks of segmentation, classification, and tracking of cellular and subcellular structures and dynamics. We summarise long-standing challenges in microscopy video analysis from a computational perspective and review emerging research frontiers and innovative applications for DL-guided automation in cell dynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Chai
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Christoforos Efstathiou
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Haoran Yue
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK.
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41
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Lee J, Han C, Kim K, Park GH, Kwak JT. CaMeL-Net: Centroid-aware metric learning for efficient multi-class cancer classification in pathology images. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 241:107749. [PMID: 37579551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cancer grading in pathology image analysis is a major task due to its importance in patient care, treatment, and management. The recent developments in artificial neural networks for computational pathology have demonstrated great potential to improve the accuracy and quality of cancer diagnosis. These improvements are generally ascribable to the advance in the architecture of the networks, often leading to increase in the computation and resources. In this work, we propose an efficient convolutional neural network that is designed to conduct multi-class cancer classification in an accurate and robust manner via metric learning. METHODS We propose a centroid-aware metric learning network for an improved cancer grading in pathology images. The proposed network utilizes centroids of different classes within the feature embedding space to optimize the relative distances between pathology images, which manifest the innate similarities/dissimilarities between them. For improved optimization, we introduce a new loss function and a training strategy that are tailored to the proposed network and metric learning. RESULTS We evaluated the proposed approach on multiple datasets of colorectal and gastric cancers. For the colorectal cancer, two different datasets were employed that were collected from different acquisition settings. the proposed method achieved an accuracy, F1-score, quadratic weighted kappa of 88.7%, 0.849, and 0.946 for the first dataset and 83.3%, 0.764, and 0.907 for the second dataset, respectively. For the gastric cancer, the proposed method obtained an accuracy of 85.9%, F1-score of 0.793, and quadratic weighted kappa of 0.939. We also found that the proposed method outperforms other competing models and is computationally efficient. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction results by the proposed network are both accurate and reliable. The proposed network not only outperformed other related methods in cancer classification but also achieved superior computational efficiency during training and inference. The future study will entail further development of the proposed method and the application of the method to other problems and domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeung Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiwon Han
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kwak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Schwen LO, Kiehl TR, Carvalho R, Zerbe N, Homeyer A. Digitization of Pathology Labs: A Review of Lessons Learned. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100244. [PMID: 37657651 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathology laboratories are increasingly using digital workflows. This has the potential of increasing laboratory efficiency, but the digitization process also involves major challenges. Several reports have been published describing the individual experiences of specific laboratories with the digitization process. However, a comprehensive overview of the lessons learned is still lacking. We provide an overview of the lessons learned for different aspects of the digitization process, including digital case management, digital slide reading, and computer-aided slide reading. We also cover metrics used for monitoring performance and pitfalls and corresponding values observed in practice. The overview is intended to help pathologists, information technology decision makers, and administrators to benefit from the experiences of others and to implement the digitization process in an optimal way to make their own laboratory future-proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ole Schwen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Tim-Rasmus Kiehl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Carvalho
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norman Zerbe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Homeyer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
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43
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Aljerian K, Alrashedi A, Alkulaibi R, Alsuwailem R, Alshahrani A, Alzahrani FM, Alqazlan N, Temsah MH. Assessing Knowledge, Acceptance, and Anticipated Impact of Telepathology in Saudi Arabia: Insights From Healthcare Workers and Patients. Cureus 2023; 15:e49218. [PMID: 38143684 PMCID: PMC10739504 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telepathology, a rapidly evolving field in modern healthcare, has the potential to significantly impact the diagnosis and management of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of acceptance and knowledge, the likelihood of future use, and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of telepathology among healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 participants, including 179 HCWs and 209 adult patients across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a bilingual, self-administered, and anonymous computer-based questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was employed for data analysis. RESULTS The participants had an average knowledge rate of 80.3% (n=312) concerning telepathology. A substantial 88.16% (n=342) were inclined towards its acceptance, and an optimistic 89.97% (n=349) foresaw its potential utility. Among the respondents, 70% (n=272) pinpointed "expedited results" as the principal merit of telepathology. However, 60% (n=233) flagged "the necessity for costly infrastructure" as its chief limitation. CONCLUSIONS The insights derived underscore a prominent knowledge and endorsement of telepathology among the Saudi population and HCWs. Despite certain drawbacks, participants believe that telepathology is feasible and offers numerous benefits that could greatly enhance the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. Future research should focus on evaluating its practical implementation and efficacy within healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoon Aljerian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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44
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Waqas A, Bui MM, Glassy EF, El Naqa I, Borkowski P, Borkowski AA, Rasool G. Revolutionizing Digital Pathology With the Power of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Foundation Models. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100255. [PMID: 37757969 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology has transformed the traditional pathology practice of analyzing tissue under a microscope into a computer vision workflow. Whole-slide imaging allows pathologists to view and analyze microscopic images on a computer monitor, enabling computational pathology. By leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), computational pathology has emerged as a promising field in recent years. Recently, task-specific AI/ML (eg, convolutional neural networks) has risen to the forefront, achieving above-human performance in many image-processing and computer vision tasks. The performance of task-specific AI/ML models depends on the availability of many annotated training datasets, which presents a rate-limiting factor for AI/ML development in pathology. Task-specific AI/ML models cannot benefit from multimodal data and lack generalization, eg, the AI models often struggle to generalize to new datasets or unseen variations in image acquisition, staining techniques, or tissue types. The 2020s are witnessing the rise of foundation models and generative AI. A foundation model is a large AI model trained using sizable data, which is later adapted (or fine-tuned) to perform different tasks using a modest amount of task-specific annotated data. These AI models provide in-context learning, can self-correct mistakes, and promptly adjust to user feedback. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in computational pathology enabled by task-specific AI, their challenges and limitations, and then introduce various foundation models. We propose to create a pathology-specific generative AI based on multimodal foundation models and present its potentially transformative role in digital pathology. We describe different use cases, delineating how it could serve as an expert companion of pathologists and help them efficiently and objectively perform routine laboratory tasks, including quantifying image analysis, generating pathology reports, diagnosis, and prognosis. We also outline the potential role that foundation models and generative AI can play in standardizing the pathology laboratory workflow, education, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Waqas
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric F Glassy
- Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, California
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Piotr Borkowski
- Quest Diagnostics/Ameripath, Tampa, Florida; Center of Excellence for Digital and AI-Empowered Pathology, Quest Diagnostics, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrew A Borkowski
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida; National Artificial Intelligence Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Shahzad MF, Xu S, Naveed W, Nusrat S, Zahid I. Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on human resource functions in the health sector of China: A mediated moderation model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21818. [PMID: 38034787 PMCID: PMC10685199 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way human resources (HR) functions are carried out in the health sector of China. This study aims to scrutinize the impact of artificial intelligence on the human resource functions operating in the healthcare sector through technological awareness, social media influence, and personal innovativeness. Additionally, this study examines the moderating role of perceived risk between technological awareness and human resources functions. An online questionnaire was administered to human resources professionals in the health sector of China to gather data from 363 respondents. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), a statistical procedure, is implemented to investigate the hypothesis of the projected model of artificial intelligence and human resource functions. The research findings reveal that artificial intelligence significantly influences human resource functions through technological awareness, social media influence, and personal innovativeness. Furthermore, perceived risk significantly moderates the relationship between technological awareness and human resource functions. The findings of this study have important implications for HR practitioners and policymakers in the health sectors of China, who can leverage artificial intelligence technologies to optimize and improve organizational performance. However, its adoption needs to be carefully planned and managed to reap the full benefits of this transformative technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuo Xu
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Waliha Naveed
- Institute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahneela Nusrat
- College of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Imran Zahid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Baek EB, Lee J, Hwang JH, Park H, Lee BS, Kim YB, Jun SY, Her J, Son HY, Cho JW. Application of multiple-finding segmentation utilizing Mask R-CNN-based deep learning in a rat model of drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17555. [PMID: 37845356 PMCID: PMC10579263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents significant diagnostic challenges, and recently artificial intelligence-based deep learning technology has been used to predict various hepatic findings. In this study, we trained a set of Mask R-CNN-based deep algorithms to learn and quantify typical toxicant induced-histopathological lesions, portal area, and connective tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. We compared a set of single-finding models (SFMs) and a combined multiple-finding model (MFM) for their ability to simultaneously detect, classify, and quantify multiple hepatic findings on rat liver slide images. All of the SFMs yielded mean average precision (mAP) values above 85%, suggesting that the models had been successfully established. The MFM showed better performance than the SFMs, with a total mAP value of 92.46%. We compared the model predictions for slide images with ground-truth annotations generated by an accredited pathologist. For the MFM, the overall and individual finding predictions were highly correlated with the annotated areas, with R-squared values of 0.852, 0.952, 0.999, 0.990, and 0.958 being obtained for portal area, infiltration, necrosis, vacuolation, and connective tissue (including fibrosis), respectively. Our results indicate that the proposed MFM could be a useful tool for detecting and predicting multiple hepatic findings in basic non-clinical study settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bok Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Lee
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Hwang
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Park
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Jun
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Her
- Research and Development Team, LAC Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Toxicologic Pathology Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Tommasino C, Merolla F, Russo C, Staibano S, Rinaldi AM. Histopathological Image Deep Feature Representation for CBIR in Smart PACS. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:2194-2209. [PMID: 37296349 PMCID: PMC10501985 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological Anatomy is moving toward computerizing processes mainly due to the extensive digitization of histology slides that resulted in the availability of many Whole Slide Images (WSIs). Their use is essential, especially in cancer diagnosis and research, and raises the pressing need for increasingly influential information archiving and retrieval systems. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACSs) represent an actual possibility to archive and organize this growing amount of data. The design and implementation of a robust and accurate methodology for querying them in the pathology domain using a novel approach are mandatory. In particular, the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) methodology can be involved in the PACSs using a query-by-example task. In this context, one of many crucial points of CBIR concerns the representation of images as feature vectors, and the accuracy of retrieval mainly depends on feature extraction. Thus, our study explored different representations of WSI patches by features extracted from pre-trained Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). In order to perform a helpful comparison, we evaluated features extracted from different layers of state-of-the-art CNNs using different dimensionality reduction techniques. Furthermore, we provided a qualitative analysis of obtained results. The evaluation showed encouraging results for our proposed framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Tommasino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples, 80125 Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131 Italy
| | - Cristiano Russo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples, 80125 Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, 86100 Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Rinaldi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples, 80125 Italy
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48
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Wang JM, Hong R, Demicco EG, Tan J, Lazcano R, Moreira AL, Li Y, Calinawan A, Razavian N, Schraink T, Gillette MA, Omenn GS, An E, Rodriguez H, Tsirigos A, Ruggles KV, Ding L, Robles AI, Mani DR, Rodland KD, Lazar AJ, Liu W, Fenyö D. Deep learning integrates histopathology and proteogenomics at a pan-cancer level. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101173. [PMID: 37582371 PMCID: PMC10518635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a pioneering approach that integrates pathology imaging with transcriptomics and proteomics to identify predictive histology features associated with critical clinical outcomes in cancer. We utilize 2,755 H&E-stained histopathological slides from 657 patients across 6 cancer types from CPTAC. Our models effectively recapitulate distinctions readily made by human pathologists: tumor vs. normal (AUROC = 0.995) and tissue-of-origin (AUROC = 0.979). We further investigate predictive power on tasks not normally performed from H&E alone, including TP53 prediction and pathologic stage. Importantly, we describe predictive morphologies not previously utilized in a clinical setting. The incorporation of transcriptomics and proteomics identifies pathway-level signatures and cellular processes driving predictive histology features. Model generalizability and interpretability is confirmed using TCGA. We propose a classification system for these tasks, and suggest potential clinical applications for this integrated human and machine learning approach. A publicly available web-based platform implements these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - Jimin Tan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Anna Calinawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Narges Razavian
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tobias Schraink
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eunkyung An
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - D R Mani
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97221, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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49
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Yang M, Che Y, Li K, Fang Z, Li S, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Luo L, Wu C, Lai X, Wang W. Detection and quantitative analysis of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:779-795. [PMID: 37701955 PMCID: PMC10500099 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid formations within tumor tissue, with mainly B and T cell populations forming the organic aggregates. The presence of TLSs in tumors has been strongly associated with patient responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens and improving tumor prognosis. Researchers have been motivated to actively explore TLSs due to their bright clinical application prospects. Various studies have attempted to decipher TLSs regarding their formation mechanism, structural composition, induction generation, predictive markers, and clinical utilization. Meanwhile, the scientific approaches to qualitative and quantitative descriptions are crucial for TLS studies. In terms of detection, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), and 12-chemokine gene signature have been the top approved methods. However, no standard methods exist for the quantitative analysis of TLSs, such as absolute TLS count, analysis of TLS constituent cells, structural features, TLS spatial location, density, and maturity. This study reviews the latest research progress on TLS detection and quantification, proposes new directions for TLS assessment, and addresses issues for the quantitative application of TLSs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yurou Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Kezhen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengyi Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xin Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China.
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China.
- Department of Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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50
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Kobayashi S, Sullivan C, Bialkowska AB, Saltz JH, Yang VW. Computational immunohistochemical mapping adds immune context to histological phenotypes in mouse models of colitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14386. [PMID: 37658187 PMCID: PMC10474139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic, dysregulated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The heterogeneity of IBD is reflected through two major subtypes, Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD and UC differ across symptomatic presentation, histology, immune responses, and treatment. While colitis mouse models have been influential in deciphering IBD pathogenesis, no single model captures the full heterogeneity of clinical disease. The translational capacity of mouse models may be augmented by shifting to multi-mouse model studies that aggregate analysis across various well-controlled phenotypes. Here, we evaluate the value of histology in multi-mouse model characterizations by building upon a previous pipeline that detects histological disease classes in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained murine colons. Specifically, we map immune marker positivity across serially-sectioned slides to H&E histological classes across the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) chemical induction model and the intestinal epithelium-specific, inducible Villin-CreERT2;Klf5fl/fl (Klf5ΔIND) genetic model. In this study, we construct the beginning frameworks to define H&E-patch-based immunophenotypes based on IHC-H&E mappings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Joel H Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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