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Wang Y, Li X, Meng H, Tao R, Qian J, Fu C, Luo J, Xie J, Fu Y. Acoustofluidic Diversity Achieved by Multiple Modes of Acoustic Waves Generated on Piezoelectric-Film-Coated Aluminum Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45119-45130. [PMID: 39143893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Excitation of multiple acoustic wave modes on a single chip is beneficial to implement diversified acoustofluidic functions. Conventional acoustic wave devices made of bulk LiNbO3 substrates generally generate few acoustic wave modes once the crystal-cut and electrode pattern are defined, limiting the realization of acoustofluidic diversity. In this paper, we demonstrated diversity of acoustofluidic behaviors using multiple modes of acoustic waves generated on piezoelectric-thin-film-coated aluminum sheets. Multiple acoustic wave modes were excited by varying the ratios between IDT pitch/wavelength and substrate thickness. Through systematic investigation of fluidic actuation behaviors and performances using these acoustic wave modes, we demonstrated fluidic actuation diversities using various acoustic wave modes and showed that the Rayleigh mode, pseudo-Rayleigh mode, and A0 mode of Lamb wave generally have better fluidic actuation performance than those of Sezawa mode and higher-order modes of Lamb wave, providing guidance for high-performance acoustofluidic actuation platform design. Additionally, we demonstrated diversified particle patterning functions, either on two sides of acoustic wave device or on a glass sheet by coupling acoustic waves into the glass using the gel. The pattern formation mechanisms were investigated through finite element simulations of acoustic pressure fields under different experimental configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xianbin Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingui Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingting Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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2
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Tabarhoseini SM, Kale AS, Koniers PM, Boone AC, Bentor J, Boies A, Zhao H, Xuan X. Charge-Based Separation of Microparticles Using AC Insulator-Based Dielectrophoresis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:13672-13678. [PMID: 39126704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Surface charge is an important property of particles. It has been utilized to separate particles in microfluidic devices, where dielectrophoresis (DEP) is often the driving force. However, current DEP-based particle separations based on the charge differences work only for particles of similar sizes. They become less effective and may even fail for a mixture of particles differing in both charge and size. We demonstrate that our recently developed AC insulator-based dielectrophoresis (AC iDEP) technique can direct microparticles toward charge-dependent equilibrium positions in a ratchet microchannel. Such charge-based particle separation is controlled by the imposed AC voltage frequency and amplitude but is nearly unaffected by the size of either type of particle in the mixture except for the time required to achieve an effective separation. This AC iDEP technique may potentially be used to focus and separate submicron or even nanoparticles because of its virtually "infinite" channel length.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Shridhar Kale
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Michael Koniers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Anna Claire Boone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Joseph Bentor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Adam Boies
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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3
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Li W, Yao Z, Ma T, Ye Z, He K, Wang L, Wang H, Fu Y, Xu X. Acoustofluidic precise manipulation: Recent advances in applications for micro/nano bioparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103276. [PMID: 39146580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic technologies that integrate acoustic waves and microfluidic chips have been widely used in bioparticle manipulation. As a representative technology, acoustic tweezers have attracted significant attention due to their simple manufacturing, contact-free operation, and low energy consumption. Recently, acoustic tweezers have enabled the efficient and smart manipulation of biotargets with sizes covering millimeters (such as zebrafish) and nanometers (such as DNA). In addition to acoustic tweezers, other related acoustofluidic chips including acoustic separating, mixing, enriching, and transporting chips, have also emerged to be powerful platforms to manipulate micro/nano bioparticles (cells in blood, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, and so on). Accordingly, some interesting applications were also developed, such as smart sensing. In this review, we firstly introduce the principles of acoustic tweezers and various related technologies. Second, we compare and summarize recent applications of acoustofluidics in bioparticle manipulation and sensing. Finally, we outlook the future development direction from the perspectives such as device design and interdisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglu Li
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihao Yao
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kaiyu He
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yingchun Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiahong Xu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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4
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Wu M, Ma Z, Xu X, Lu B, Gu Y, Yoon J, Xia J, Ma Z, Upreti N, Anwar IJ, Knechtle SJ, T Chambers E, Kwun J, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic-based therapeutic apheresis system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6854. [PMID: 39127732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic apheresis aims to selectively remove pathogenic substances, such as antibodies that trigger various symptoms and diseases. Unfortunately, current apheresis devices cannot handle small blood volumes in infants or small animals, hindering the testing of animal model advancements. This limitation restricts our ability to provide treatment options for particularly susceptible infants and children with limited therapeutic alternatives. Here, we report our solution to these challenges through an acoustofluidic-based therapeutic apheresis system designed for processing small blood volumes. Our design integrates an acoustofluidic device with a fluidic stabilizer array on a chip, separating blood components from minimal extracorporeal volumes. We carried out plasma apheresis in mouse models, each with a blood volume of just 280 μL. Additionally, we achieved successful plasmapheresis in a sensitized mouse, significantly lowering preformed donor-specific antibodies and enabling desensitization in a transplantation model. Our system offers a new solution for small-sized subjects, filling a critical gap in existing technologies and providing potential benefits for a wide range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhiteng Ma
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Xianchen Xu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Brandon Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Janghoon Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhehan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Neil Upreti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Imran J Anwar
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Eileen T Chambers
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Kong Q, He H, Sun J, Qiu W, Zhang L, Yang M. Extracellular Vesicle Preparation and Analysis: A State-of-the-Art Review. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401069. [PMID: 38874129 PMCID: PMC11321646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, research on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has gained prominence in the life sciences due to their critical roles in both health and disease states, offering promising applications in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy. However, their inherent heterogeneity and complex origins pose significant challenges to their preparation, analysis, and subsequent clinical application. This review is structured to provide an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and various sources of EVs, thereby laying the groundwork for a detailed discussion of contemporary techniques for their preparation and analysis. Particular focus is given to state-of-the-art technologies that employ both microfluidic and non-microfluidic platforms for EV processing. Furthermore, this discourse extends into innovative approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence and cutting-edge electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on single EV analysis. This review proposes current challenges and outlines prospective avenues for future research. The objective is to motivate researchers to innovate and expand methods for the preparation and analysis of EVs, fully unlocking their biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Wang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Kong
- The Second Department of Thoracic SurgeryDalian Municipal Central HospitalDalian116033P. R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Wenting Qiu
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic TechnologyCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdong518000P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciencesand Tung Biomedical Sciences CentreCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip TechnologyBiotech and Health CentreShenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen518057P. R. China
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6
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Hu T, Kumar AR, Luo Y, Tay A. Automating CAR-T Transfection with Micro and Nano-Technologies. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301300. [PMID: 38054597 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant health challenge, with traditional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy often lacking in cell specificity and long-term curative potential. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy,utilizing genetically engineered T cells to target cancer cells, is a promising alternative. However, its high cost limits widespread application. CAR-T manufacturing process encompasses three stages: cell isolation and activation, transfection, and expansion.While the first and last stages have straightforward, commercially available automation technologies, the transfection stage lags behind. Current automated transfection relies on viral vectors or bulk electroporation, which have drawbacks such as limited cargo capacity and significant cell disturbance. Conversely, micro and nano-tool methods offer higher throughput and cargo flexibility, yet their automation remains underexplored.In this perspective, the progress in micro and nano-engineering tools for CAR-T transfection followed by a discussion to automate them is described. It is anticipated that this work can inspire the community working on micro and nano transfection techniques to examine how their protocols can be automated to align with the growing interest in automating CAR-T manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmu Hu
- Engineering Science Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Arun Rk Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yikai Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
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7
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Simon BE, Hamilton MF. Analytical solution for acoustic radiation force and torque on a spheroid near a rigid or free planar boundary. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 156:1269-1282. [PMID: 39166885 DOI: 10.1121/10.0028165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
An analytical solution is developed for the acoustic radiation force and torque caused by an arbitrary sound field that is incident on a compressible spheroid of any size near a planar boundary that is either rigid or pressure release. The analysis is an extension of a recent solution for a compressible sphere near a planar boundary [Simon and Hamilton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 153, 627-642 (2023)]. Approximations that account for a boundary formed by a two-fluid interface may be incorporated as in the previous analysis for a sphere. The present solution is based on expansions of the total acoustic pressure field in spheroidal wave functions and the use of addition theorems. Verification of the solution is accomplished by comparison with a finite element model. Examples are presented for incident fields that are either plane or spherical waves. Effects resulting from the presence of the boundary are studied by comparing the full theory with a simplified model in which multiple scattering is neglected. Numerical implementation of the proposed solution is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E Simon
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
| | - Mark F Hamilton
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
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8
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Agha A, Abu-Nada E, Alazzam A. Integration of acoustic micromixing with cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidics for enhanced lab-on-a-chip applications in nanoscale liposome synthesis. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045004. [PMID: 38942007 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5d19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The integration of acoustic wave micromixing with microfluidic systems holds great potential for applications in biomedicine and lab-on-a-chip technologies. Polymers such as cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) are increasingly utilized in microfluidic applications due to its unique properties, low cost, and versatile fabrication methods, and incorporating them into acoustofluidics significantly expands their potential applications. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrated the integration of polymer microfluidics with acoustic micromixing utilizing oscillating sharp edge structures to homogenize flowing fluids. The sharp edge mixing platform was entirely composed of COC fabricated in a COC-hydrocarbon solvent swelling based microfabrication process. As an electrical signal is applied to a piezoelectric transducer bonded to the micromixer, the sharp edges start to oscillate generating vortices at its tip, mixing the fluids. A 2D numerical model was implemented to determine the optimum microchannel dimensions for experimental mixing assessment. The system was shown to successfully mix fluids at flow rates up to 150µl h-1and has a modest effect even at the highest tested flow rate of 600µl h-1. The utility of the fabricated sharp edge micromixer was demonstrated by the synthesis of nanoscale liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Agha
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Mika T, Kalnins M, Spalvins K. The use of droplet-based microfluidic technologies for accelerated selection of Yarrowia lipolytica and Phaffia rhodozyma yeast mutants. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae049. [PMID: 39114747 PMCID: PMC11303513 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are widely used for the industrial production of various valuable products, such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, biofuels, enzymes, amino acids, vaccines, etc. Research is constantly carried out to improve their properties, mainly to increase their productivity and efficiency and reduce the cost of the processes. The selection of microorganisms with improved qualities takes a lot of time and resources (both human and material); therefore, this process itself needs optimization. In the last two decades, microfluidics technology appeared in bioengineering, which allows for manipulating small particles (from tens of microns to nanometre scale) in the flow of liquid in microchannels. The technology is based on small-volume objects (microdroplets from nano to femtolitres), which are manipulated using a microchip. The chip is made of an optically transparent inert to liquid medium material and contains a series of channels of small size (<1 mm) of certain geometry. Based on the physical and chemical properties of microparticles (like size, weight, optical density, dielectric constant, etc.), they are separated using microsensors. The idea of accelerated selection of microorganisms is the application of microfluidic technologies to separate mutants with improved qualities after mutagenesis. This article discusses the possible application and practical implementation of microfluidic separation of mutants, including yeasts like Yarrowia lipolytica and Phaffia rhodozyma after chemical mutagenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Mika
- Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, 12 – K1 Āzene street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Martins Kalnins
- Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, 12 – K1 Āzene street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
| | - Kriss Spalvins
- Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, 12 – K1 Āzene street, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia
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10
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Hashemiesfahan M, Christiaens JW, Maisto A, Gelin P, Gardeniers H, De Malsche W. Characterizing Acoustic Behavior of Silicon Microchannels Separated by a Porous Wall. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:868. [PMID: 39064377 PMCID: PMC11279238 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow membrane microdevices are widely used for chromatographic separation processes and diagnostics. The separation performance of microfluidic lateral membrane devices is determined by mass transfer limitations in the membrane, and in the liquid phase, mass transfer resistance is dependent on the channel dimensions and transport properties of the species separated by the membrane. We present a novel approach based on an active bulk acoustic wave (BAW) mixing method to enhance lateral transport in micromachined silicon devices. BAWs have been previously applied in channels for mixing and trapping cells and particles in single channels, but this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first instance of their application in membrane devices. Our findings demonstrate that optimal resonance is achieved with minimal influence of the pore configuration on the average lateral flow. This has practical implications for the design of microfluidic devices, as the channels connected through porous walls under the acoustic streaming act as 760 µm-wide channels rather than two 375 µm-wide channels in the context of matching the standing pressure wave criteria of the piezoelectric transducer. However, the roughness of the microchannel walls does seem to play a significant role in mixing. A roughened (black silicon) wall results in a threefold increase in average streaming flow in BAW mode, suggesting potential avenues for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hashemiesfahan
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.W.C.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Jo Wim Christiaens
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.W.C.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Antonio Maisto
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.W.C.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Pierre Gelin
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.W.C.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Wim De Malsche
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (J.W.C.); (A.M.); (P.G.)
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11
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Yang Z, Wu H, Wang Z, Bian E, Zhao B. The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in glioma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:229. [PMID: 38951882 PMCID: PMC11218314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived, nanometer-sized particles enclosed by a lipid bilayer. All kinds of biological molecules, including proteins, DNA fragments, RNA, lipids, and metabolites, can be selectively loaded into sEVs and transmitted to recipient cells that are near and distant. Growing shreds of evidence show the significant biological function and the clinical significance of sEVs in cancers. Numerous recent studies have validated that sEVs play an important role in tumor progression and can be utilized to diagnose, stage, grading, and monitor early tumors. In addition, sEVs have also served as drug delivery nanocarriers and cancer vaccines. Although it is still infancy, the field of basic and translational research based on sEVs has grown rapidly. In this review, we summarize the latest research on sEVs in gliomas, including their role in the malignant biological function of gliomas, and the potential of sEVs in non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, i.e., as nanocarriers for drug or gene delivery and cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - HaoYuan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ZhiWei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - ErBao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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12
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Costa M, Hammarström B, van der Geer L, Tanriverdi S, Joensson HN, Wiklund M, Russom A. EchoGrid: High-Throughput Acoustic Trapping for Enrichment of Environmental Microplastics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9493-9502. [PMID: 38790145 PMCID: PMC11170556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The health hazards of micro- and nanoplastic contaminants in drinking water has recently emerged as an area of concern to policy makers and industry. Plastic contaminants range in size from micro- (5 mm to 1 μm) to nanoplastics (<1 μm). Microfluidics provides many tools for particle manipulation at the microscale, particularly in diagnostics and biomedicine, but has in general a limited capacity to process large volumes. Drinking water and environmental samples with low-level contamination of microplastics require processing of deciliter to liter sample volumes to achieve statistically relevant particle counts. Here, we introduce the EchoGrid, an acoustofluidics device for high throughput continuous flow particle enrichment into a robust array of particle clusters. The EchoGrid takes advantage of highly efficient particle capture through the integration of a micropatterned transducer for surface displacement-based acoustic trapping in a glass and polymer microchannel. Silica seed particles were used as anchor particles to improve capture performance at low particle concentrations and high flow rates. The device was able to maintain the silica grids at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. In terms of enrichment, the device is able to double the final pellet's microplastic concentration every 78 s for 23 μm particles and every 51 s for 10 μm particles at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. In conclusion, we demonstrate the usefulness of the EchoGrid by capturing microplastics in challenging conditions, such as large sample volumes with low microparticle concentrations, without sacrificing the potential of integration with downstream analysis for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martim Costa
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Björn Hammarström
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Liselotte van der Geer
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Selim Tanriverdi
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Haakan N. Joensson
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Martin Wiklund
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department
of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science
for Life Laboratory, 171
65 Solna, Sweden
- AIMES
− Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering
Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Chu PY, Wu AY, Tsai KY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Combination of an Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) Mechanism and a Laminar Flow Pattern in a Microfluidic System for the Continuous Size-Based Sorting and Separation of Microparticles. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:297. [PMID: 38920601 PMCID: PMC11201910 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-based microparticle sorting and separation is regarded as promising. However, current methods normally lack the downstream process for the transportation and collection of separated microparticles, which could limit its applications. To address this issue, an ODEP microfluidic chip encompassing three microchannels that join only at the central part of the microchannels (i.e., the working zone) was designed. During operation, three laminar flows were generated in the zone, where two dynamic light bar arrays were designed to sort and separate PS (polystyrene) microbeads of different sizes in a continuous manner. The separated PS microbeads were then continuously transported in laminar flows in a partition manner for the final collection. The results revealed that the method was capable of sorting and separating PS microbeads in a high-purity manner (e.g., the microbead purity values were 89.9 ± 3.7, 88.0 ± 2.5, and 92.8 ± 6.5% for the 5.8, 10.8, and 15.8 μm microbeads harvested, respectively). Overall, this study demonstrated the use of laminar flow and ODEP to achieve size-based sorting, separation, and collection of microparticles in a continuous and high-performance manner. Apart from the demonstration, this method can also be utilized for size-based sorting and the separation of other biological or nonbiological microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yu Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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14
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Zheng L, Maqbool E, Han Z. Efficient and Shape-Sensitive Manipulation of Nanoparticles by Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Modes in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:437. [PMID: 38675249 PMCID: PMC11052311 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Current optical tweezering techniques are actively employed in the manipulation of nanoparticles, e.g., biomedical cells. However, there is still huge room for improving the efficiency of manipulating multiple nanoparticles of the same composition but different shapes. In this study, we designed an array of high-index all-dielectric disk antennas, each with an asymmetric open slot for such applications. Compared with the plasmonic counterparts, this all-dielectric metasurface has no dissipation loss and, thus, circumvents the Joule heating problem of plasmonic antennas. Furthermore, the asymmetry-induced excitation of quasi-bound states in continuum (QBIC) mode with a low-power intensity (1 mW/µm2) incidence imposes an optical gradient force of -0.31 pN on 8 nm radius nanospheres, which is four orders of magnitude stronger than that provided by the Fano resonance in plasmonic antenna arrays, and three orders of magnitude stronger than that by the Mie resonance in the same metasurface without any slot, respectively. This asymmetry also leads to the generation of large optical moments. At the QBIC resonance wavelength, a value of 88.3 pN-nm will act on the nanorods to generate a rotational force along the direction within the disk surface but perpendicular to the slot. This will allow only nanospheres but prevent the nanorods from accurately entering into the slots, realizing effective sieving between the nanoparticles of the two shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhanghua Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China (E.M.)
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15
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Harley WS, Kolesnik K, Heath DE, Collins DJ. Enhanced acoustic streaming effects via sharp-edged 3D microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1626-1635. [PMID: 38357759 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic micromanipulation is an important tool for biomedical research, where acoustic forces offer the ability to manipulate fluids, cells, and particles in a rapid, biocompatible, and contact-free manner. Of particular interest is the investigation of acoustically driven sharp edges, where high tip velocity magnitudes and strong acoustic potential gradients drive rapid motion. Whereas prior devices utilizing 2D sharp edges have demonstrated promise for micromanipulation activities, taking advantage of 3D structures has the potential to increase their performance and the range of manipulation activities. In this work, we investigate high-magnitude acoustic streaming fields in the vicinity of sharp-edged, sub-wavelength 3D microstructures. We numerically model and experimentally demonstrate this in fabricating parametrically configured 3D microstructures whose tip-angle and geometry influence acoustic streaming velocities and the complexity of streaming vortices, finding that the simulated and realized velocities and streaming patterns are both tunable and a function of microstructure shape. These sharp-edge interfaces hold promise for biomedical studies benefiting from precise and targeted micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Harley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel E Heath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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16
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Hoque SZ, Sen AK. Dynamics of a two-layer immiscible fluid system exposed to ultrasound. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:1655-1666. [PMID: 38426837 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The relocation dynamics of a two-layer immiscible fluid system exposed to bulk acoustic waves using simulations and experiments are reported. A theoretical formulation of the acoustic radiation pressure (ARP) acting on the interface reveals that ARP is a nonlinear function of the impedance contrast. It has been shown that the force acting on the interface is the simple sum of the ARP and the interfacial tension, which is dependent on the angle of the interface. It was discovered that although the acoustic radiation force is directed from high-impedance fluid (HIF) to low-impedance fluid (LIF), the final steady-state configuration depends on the wall-fluid contact angle (CA). Our study reveals that the HIF and LIF would relocate to the channel center for CA>110°, and CA<70°, respectively, while complete flipping of the fluids is observed for intermediate angles. The forces relocate the fluids in the channel, generally, by a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation. Here, it is demonstrated that the direction of this twist can be determined by the relative densities and wettabilities of the two fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Hoque
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - A K Sen
- Micro Nano Bio Fluidics Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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17
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Kwok SJJ, Forward S, Fahlberg MD, Assita ER, Cosgriff S, Lee SH, Abbott GR, Zhu H, Minasian NH, Vote AS, Martino N, Yun SH. High-dimensional multi-pass flow cytometry via spectrally encoded cellular barcoding. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:310-324. [PMID: 38036616 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in immunology, immuno-oncology, drug discovery and vaccine development demand improvements in the capabilities of flow cytometry to allow it to measure more protein markers per cell at multiple timepoints. However, the size of panels of fluorophore markers is limited by overlaps in fluorescence-emission spectra, and flow cytometers typically perform cell measurements at one timepoint. Here we describe multi-pass high-dimensional flow cytometry, a method leveraging cellular barcoding via microparticles emitting near-infrared laser light to track and repeatedly measure each cell using more markers and fewer colours. By using live human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we show that the method enables the time-resolved characterization of the same cells before and after stimulation, their analysis via a 10-marker panel with minimal compensation for spectral spillover and their deep immunophenotyping via a 32-marker panel, where the same cells are analysed in 3 back-to-back cycles with 10-13 markers per cycle, reducing overall spillover and simplifying marker-panel design. Cellular barcoding in flow cytometry extends the utility of the technique for high-dimensional multi-pass single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Zhu
- LASE Innovation Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicola Martino
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Wu Y, Ma X, Li K, Yue Y, Zhang Z, Meng Y, Wang S. Bipolar Electrode-based Sheath-Less Focusing and Continuous Acoustic Sorting of Particles and Cells in an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3627-3635. [PMID: 38346846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sheath-less focusing and sorting of cells or particles is an important preprocessing step in a variety of biochemical applications. Most of the previous sorting methods depend on the use of sheath flows to realize efficient cell focusing. The sheath flow dilutes the sample and requires precise flow control via additional channels. We, for the first time, reported a method of bipolar electrode (BPE)-based sheath-less focusing, switching, and tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave-based sorting of cells and particles in continuous flow. The device consists of a piezoelectric substrate with a pair of BPEs for focusing and switching, and a pair of interdigitated transducers for cell sorting. Smaller cells experience a weak acoustic force and reach the lower outlet, whereas larger cells are subjected to a strong acoustic force such that they are propelled toward the upper outlet. We first validate the device functionality by sorting 5 and 8 μm PS beads with a high sorting efficiency. The working and deflection regions were increased by propelling the particle beam toward the bottom edge of BPE via changing the applied voltage of BPE, further improving the sorting performance with high efficiency (94%) and purity (92%). We then conducted a verification for sorting THP-1 and yeast cells, and the efficiency and purity reached 90.7 and 91.5%, respectively. This integrated device eliminates the requirement of balancing the flow of several sheath inlets and provides a robust and unique approach for cell sorting applications, showing immense promise in various applications, such as medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang 215400, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Zhexin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Yingqi Meng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
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19
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Peng T, Lin X, Li L, Huang L, Jiang B, Jia Y. Investigation on submicron particle separation and deflection using tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25042. [PMID: 38322952 PMCID: PMC10845702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of in vitro diagnostics, extracting submicron scale particles from mixed body fluids samples is crucial. In recent years, microfluidic separation has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, label-free, and inexpensive nature. Among the microfluidic-based separation, the separation based on ultrasonic standing waves has gradually become a powerful tool. A microfluid environment containing a tilted-angle ultrasonic standing surface acoustic wave (taSSAW) field has been widely adapted and designed to separate submicron particles for biochemical applications. This paper investigated submicron particle defection in microfluidics using taSSAWs analytically. Particles with 0.1-1 μm diameters were analyzed under acoustic pressure, flow rate, tilted angle, and SSAW frequency. According to different acoustic radiation forces acting on the particles, the motion of large-diameter particles was more likely to deflect to the direction of the nodal lines. Decreasing the input flow rate or increasing acoustic pressure and acoustic wave frequency can improve particle deflection. The tilted angle can be optimized by analyzing the simulation results. Based on the simulation analysis, we experimentally showed the separation of polystyrene microspheres (100 nm) from the mixed particles and exosomes (30-150 nm) from human plasma. This research results can provide a certain reference for the practical design of bioparticle separation utilizing acoustofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Luming Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Bingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yanwei Jia
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Faculty of Science and Technology – Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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20
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Smirnova DA, Nori F, Bliokh KY. Water-Wave Vortices and Skyrmions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:054003. [PMID: 38364154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.054003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Topological wave structures-phase vortices, skyrmions, merons, etc.-are attracting enormous attention in a variety of quantum and classical wave fields. Surprisingly, these structures have never been properly explored in the most obvious example of classical waves: water-surface (gravity-capillary) waves. Here, we fill this gap and describe (i) water-wave vortices of different orders carrying quantized angular momentum with orbital and spin contributions, (ii) skyrmion lattices formed by the instantaneous displacements of the water-surface particles in wave interference, and (iii) meron (half-skyrmion) lattices formed by the spin-density vectors, as well as (iv) spatiotemporal water-wave vortices and skyrmions. We show that all these topological entities can be readily generated in linear water-wave interference experiments. Our findings can find applications in microfluidics and show that water waves can be employed as an attainable playground for emulating universal topological wave phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Smirnova
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Konstantin Y Bliokh
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o.o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
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21
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Kolesnik K, Rajagopal V, Collins DJ. Optimizing coupling layer and superstrate thickness in attachable acoustofluidic devices. ULTRASONICS 2024; 137:107202. [PMID: 37979521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Superstrate-based acoustofluidic devices, where the fluidic elements are reversibly coupled to a transducer rather than bonded to it, offer advantages for cost, interchangeability and preventing contamination between samples. A variety of coupling materials can be used to transmit acoustic energies into attachable superstrates, though the dimensions and material composition of the system elements are not typically optimized. This work analyzes these coupling layers for bulk wavefront transmission, including water, ultrasound gel and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as well as the material makeup and thickness of the superstrate component, which is commonly comprised of glass, quartz or silicon. Our results highlight the importance of coupling layer and superstrate dimensions, identifying frequencies and component thicknesses that maximize transmission efficiency. Our results indicate that superstrate thicknesses 0.55 times the acoustic wavelength result in maximal acoustic coupling. While various coupling layers and superstrate materials are capable of similar acoustic energy transmission, the inherent dimensional stability of the PDMS coupling layers, somewhat less common in superstrate work compared to liquid-based agents, presents advantages for practically maximizing acoustic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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22
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Choi Y, Akyildiz K, Seong J, Lee Y, Jeong E, Park JS, Lee DH, Kim K, Koo HJ, Choi J. Dielectrophoretic Capture of Cancer-Derived Small-Extracellular-Vesicle-Bound Janus Nanoparticles via Lectin-Glycan Interaction. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302313. [PMID: 38124514 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is closely related to cellular metabolism and disease progression. In particular, glycan levels in cancer cells and tissues increase during cancer progression. This upregulation of glycosylation in cancer cells may provide a basis for the development of new biomarkers for the targeting and diagnosis of specific cancers. Here, they developed a detection technology for pancreatic cancer cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (PC-sEVs) based on lectin-glycan interactions. Lectins specific for sialic acids are conjugated to Janus nanoparticles to induce interactions with PC-sEVs in a dielectrophoretic (DEP) system. PC-sEVs are selectively bound to the lectin-conjugated Janus nanoparticles (lectin-JNPs) with an affinity comparable to that of conventionally used carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) antibodies. Furthermore, sEVs-bound Lectin-JNPs (sEVs-Lec-JNPs) are manipulated between two electrodes to which an AC signal is applied for DEP capture. In addition, the proposed DEP system can be used to trap the sEVs-Lec-JNP on the electrodes. Their results, which are confirmed by lectin-JNPs using the proposed DEP system followed by target gene analysis, provide a basis for the development of a new early diagnostic marker based on the glycan characteristics of PC-sEVs. In turn, these novel detection methods could overcome the shortcomings of commercially available pancreatic cancer detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kubra Akyildiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Seong
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseo Jeong
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Don Haeng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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23
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Hashemiesfahan M, Gelin P, Maisto A, Gardeniers H, De Malsche W. Enhanced Performance of an Acoustofluidic Device by Integrating Temperature Control. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:191. [PMID: 38398921 PMCID: PMC10892017 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics is an emerging research field wherein either mixing or (bio)-particle separation is conducted. High-power acoustic streaming can produce more intense and rapid flow patterns, leading to faster and more efficient liquid mixing. However, without cooling, the temperature of the piezoelectric element that is used to supply acoustic power to the fluid could rise above 50% of the Curie point of the piezomaterial, thereby accelerating its aging degradation. In addition, the supply of excessive heat to a liquid may lead to irreproducible streaming effects and gas bubble formation. To control these phenomena, in this paper, we present a feedback temperature control system integrated into an acoustofluidic setup using bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) to elevate mass transfer and manipulation of particles. The system performance was tested by measuring mixing efficiency and determining the average velocity magnitude of acoustic streaming. The results show that the integrated temperature control system keeps the temperature at the set point even at high acoustic powers and improves the reproducibility of the acoustofluidic setup performance when the applied voltage is as high as 200 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hashemiesfahan
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierre Gelin
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Maisto
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Wim De Malsche
- µFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.G.); (A.M.)
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24
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Cao HX, Nguyen VD, Park JO, Choi E, Kang B. Acoustic Actuators for the Manipulation of Micro/Nanorobots: State-of-the-Art and Future Outlooks. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:186. [PMID: 38398914 PMCID: PMC10890471 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to other actuating methods, acoustic actuators offer the distinctive capability of the contactless manipulation of small objects, such as microscale and nanoscale robots. Furthermore, they have the ability to penetrate the skin, allowing for the trapping and manipulation of micro/nanorobots that carry therapeutic agents in diverse media. In this review, we summarize the current progress in using acoustic actuators for the manipulation of micro/nanorobots used in various biomedical applications. First, we introduce the actuating method of using acoustic waves to manipulate objects, including the principle of operation and different types of acoustic actuators that are usually employed. Then, applications involving manipulating different types of devices are reviewed, including bubble-based microrobots, bubble-free robots, biohybrid microrobots, and nanorobots. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives for the development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Xuan Cao
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Van Du Nguyen
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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25
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Khan MS, Ali M, Lee SH, Jang KY, Lee SJ, Park J. Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38222472 PMCID: PMC10784511 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Most microfluidic separation techniques rely largely on object size as a separation marker. The ability to separate micro-objects based on their shape is crucial in various biomedical and chemical assays. Here, we develop an on-demand, label-free acoustofluidic method to separate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force and torque. The freely rotating non-spherical micro-objects were aligned under the progressive acoustic field by the counterrotating radiation torque, and the major axis of the prolate ellipsoids was parallel to the progressive wave propagation. The specific alignment of the ellipsoidal particles resulted in a reduction in the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the wave propagation. As a consequence, the acoustic backscattering decreased, resulting in a decreased magnitude of the radiation force. Through the variation in radiation force, which depended on the micro-object morphology enabled the acoustofluidic shape-based separation. We conducted numerical simulations for the wave scattering of spherical and prolate objects to elucidate the working mechanism underlying the proposed method. A series of experiments with polystyrene microspheres, prolate ellipsoids, and peanut-shaped microparticles were performed for validation. Through quantitative analysis of the separation efficiency, we confirmed the high purity and high recovery rate of the proposed acoustofluidic shape-based separation of micro-objects. As a bioparticle, we utilize Thalassiosira eccentrica to perform shape-based separation, as the species has a variety of potential applications in drug delivery, biosensing, nanofabrication, bioencapsulation and immunoisolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Soban Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Mushtaq Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ha Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Jang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18323 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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26
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Naveenkumar PM, Maheshwari H, Gundabala V, Mann S, Sharma KP. Patterning of Protein-Sequestered Liquid-Crystal Droplets Using Acoustic Wave Trapping. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:871-881. [PMID: 38131278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Development of spatially organized structures and understanding their role in controlling kinetics of multistep chemical reactions are essential for the successful design of efficient systems and devices. While studies that showcase different types of methodologies for the spatial organization of various colloidal systems are known, design and development of well-defined hierarchical assemblies of liquid-crystal (LC) droplets and subsequent demonstration of biological reactions using such assemblies still remain elusive. Here, we show reversible and reconfigurable one-dimensional (1D) assemblies of protein-bioconjugate-sequestered monodisperse LC droplets by combining microfluidics with noninvasive acoustic wave trapping technology. Tunable spatial geometries and lattice dimensions can be achieved in an aqueous medium comprising ≈19 or 62 μm LC droplets. Different assemblies of a mixed population of larger and smaller droplets sequestered with glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively, exhibit spatially localized enzyme kinetics with higher initial rates of reaction compared with GOx/HRP cascades implemented in the absence of an acoustic field. This can be attributed to the direct substrate transfer/channeling between the two complementary enzymes in close proximity. Therefore, our study provides an initial step toward the fabrication of LC-based devices for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsha Maheshwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Venkat Gundabala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Stephen Mann
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS Bristol, U.K
| | - Kamendra P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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27
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Wang Q, Maramizonouz S, Stringer Martin M, Zhang J, Ong HL, Liu Q, Yang X, Rahmati M, Torun H, Ng WP, Wu Q, Binns R, Fu Y. Acoustofluidic patterning in glass capillaries using travelling acoustic waves based on thin film flexible platform. ULTRASONICS 2024; 136:107149. [PMID: 37703751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology has been widely used to manipulate microparticles and biological species, based on acoustic radiation force (ARF) and drag force induced by acoustic streaming, either by standing SAWs (SSAWs) or travelling SAWs (TSAWs). These acoustofluidic patterning functions can be achieved within a polymer chamber or a glass capillary with various cross-sections positioned along the wave propagating paths. In this paper, we demonstrated that microparticles can be aligned, patterned, and concentrated within both circular and rectangular glass capillaries using TSAWs based on a piezoelectric thin film acoustic wave platform. The glass capillary was placed at different angles along with the interdigital transducer directions. We systematically investigated effects of tilting angles and wave characteristics using numerical simulations in both circular and square shaped capillaries, and the patterning mechanisms were discussed and compared with those agitated under the SSAWs. We then experimentally verified the particle patterns within different glass capillaries using thin film ZnO SAW devices on aluminum (Al) sheets. Results show that the propagating SAWs can generate acoustic pressures and patterns in the fluid due to the diffractive effects, drag forces and ARF, as functions of the SAW device's resonant frequency and tilting angle. We demonstrated potential applications using this multiplexing, integrated, and flexible thin film-based platform, including patterning particles (1) inside multiple and successively positioned circular tubes; (2) inside a solidified hydrogel in the glass capillary; and (3) by wrapping a flexible ZnO/Al SAW device around the glass capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sadaf Maramizonouz
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mercedes Stringer Martin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hui Ling Ong
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Wai Pang Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Richard Binns
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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28
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Harshbarger CL. Harnessing the power of Microscale AcoustoFluidics: A perspective based on BAW cancer diagnostics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:011304. [PMID: 38434238 PMCID: PMC10907075 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer directly affects one in every three people, and mortality rates strongly correlate with the stage at which diagnosis occurs. Each of the multitude of methods used in cancer diagnostics has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Two common drawbacks are a limited information value of image based diagnostic methods and high invasiveness when opting for methods that provide greater insight. Microfluidics offers a promising avenue for isolating circulating tumor cells from blood samples, offering high informational value at predetermined time intervals while being minimally invasive. Microscale AcoustoFluidics, an active method capable of manipulating objects within a fluid, has shown its potential use for the isolation and measurement of circulating tumor cells, but its full potential has yet to be harnessed. Extensive research has focused on isolating single cells, although the significance of clusters should not be overlooked and requires attention within the field. Moreover, there is room for improvement by designing smaller and automated devices to enhance user-friendliness and efficiency as illustrated by the use of bulk acoustic wave devices in cancer diagnostics. This next generation of setups and devices could minimize streaming forces and thereby enable the manipulation of smaller objects, thus aiding in the implementation of personalized oncology for the next generation of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Harshbarger
- Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Institute for Mechanical Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Lai TW, Tennakoon T, Chan KC, Liu CH, Chao CYH, Fu SC. The effect of microchannel height on the acoustophoretic motion of sub-micron particles. ULTRASONICS 2024; 136:107126. [PMID: 37553269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Acoustophoresis is an effective technique for particle manipulation. Acoustic radiation force scales with particle volume, enabling size separation. Yet, isolating sub-micron particles remains a challenge due to the acoustic streaming effect (ASE). While some studies confirmed the focusing ability of ASE, others reported continuous stirring effects. To investigate the parameters that influence ASE-induced particle motion in a microchannel, this study examined the effect of microchannel height and particle size. We employed standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) to manipulate polystyrene particles suspended in the water-filled microchannel. The results show that ASE can direct particles as small as 0.31 µm in diameter to the centre of the streaming vortices, and increasing the channel height enhances the focusing effect. Smaller particles circulate in the streaming vortices continuously, with no movement towards the centres. We also discovered that when the channel height is at least 0.75 the fluid wavelength, particles transitioning from acoustic radiation-dominated to ASE-dominated share the same equilibrium position, which differs from the pressure nodes and the vortices' centres. The spatial distance between particles in different categories can lead to particle separation. Therefore, ASE is a potential alternative mechanism for sub-micron particle sorting when the channel height is accurately adjusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wai Lai
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thilhara Tennakoon
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chung Chan
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ho Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Yu Hang Chao
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau Chung Fu
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Hossein F, Angeli P. A review of acoustofluidic separation of bioparticles. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:2005-2025. [PMID: 38192342 PMCID: PMC10771489 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Acoustofluidics is an emerging interdisciplinary research field that involves the integration of acoustics and microfluidics to address challenges in various scientific areas. This technology has proven to be a powerful tool for separating biological targets from complex fluids due to its label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature. Considering a careful designing process and tuning the acoustic field particles can be separated with high yield. Recently the advancement of acoustofluidics led to the development of point-of-care devices for separations of micro particles which address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. This review article discusses the working principles and different approaches of acoustofluidic separation and provides a synopsis of its traditional and emerging applications, including the theory and mechanism of acoustofluidic separation, blood component separation, cell washing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, circulating tumor cell isolation, and exosome isolation. The technology offers great potential for solving clinical problems and advancing scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fria Hossein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Angeli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
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31
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Chu PY, Nguyen TNA, Wu AY, Huang PS, Huang KL, Liao CJ, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. The Utilization of Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP)-Based Cell Manipulation in a Microfluidic System for the Purification and Sorting of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with Different Sizes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2170. [PMID: 38138338 PMCID: PMC10745986 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at the molecular level holds great promise for several clinical applications. For this goal, the harvest of high-purity, size-sorted CTCs with different subtypes from a blood sample are important. For this purpose, a two-step CTC isolation protocol was proposed, by which the immunomagnetic beads-based cell separation was first utilized to remove the majority of blood cells. After that, an optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) microfluidic system was developed to (1) purify the CTCs from the remaining magnetic microbeads-bound blood cells and to (2) sort and separate the CTCs with different sizes. In this study, the ODEP microfluidic system was designed and fabricated. Moreover, its optimum operation conditions and performance were explored. The results exhibited that the presented technique was able to purify and sort the cancer cells with two different sizes from a tested cell suspension in a high-purity (93.5% and 90.1% for the OECM 1 and HA22T cancer cells, respectively) manner. Overall, this study presented a technique for the purification and sorting of cancer cells with different sizes. Apart from this application, the technique is also useful for other applications in which the high-purity and label-free purification and sorting of cells with different sizes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Ai-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
| | - Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.N.A.N.); (A.-Y.W.); (P.-S.H.); (K.-L.H.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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32
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Al-Ali A, Waheed W, Dawaymeh F, Alamoodi N, Alazzam A. A surface treatment method for improving the attachment of PDMS: acoustofluidics as a case study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18141. [PMID: 37875576 PMCID: PMC10598025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for a permanent surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. A case study on the attachment of PDMS and the lithium niobate (LiNbO3) wafer for acoustofluidics applications is presented as well. The method includes a protocol for chemically treating the surface of PDMS to strengthen its bond with the LiNbO3 surface. The PDMS surface is modified using the 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA) silane reagent. The effect of silane treatment on the hydrophilicity, morphology, adhesion strength to LiNbO3, and surface energy of PDMS is investigated. The results demonstrated that the silane treatment permanently increases the hydrophilicity of PDMS and significantly alters its morphology. The bonding strength between PDMS and LiNbO3increased with the duration of the silane treatment, reaching a maximum of approximately 500 kPa. To illustrate the effectiveness of this method, an acoustofluidic device was tested, and the device demonstrated very promising enhanced bonding and sealing capabilities with particle manipulation at a flow rate of up to 1 L/h by means of traveling surface acoustic waves (TSAW). The device was reused multiple times with no fluid leakage or detachment issues. The utility of the presented PDMS surface modification method is not limited to acoustofluidics applications; it has the potential to be further investigated for applications in various scientific fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Al-Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fadi Dawaymeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nahla Alamoodi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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33
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Janardhana RD, Jackson N. A Simulated Investigation of Lithium Niobate Orientation Effects on Standing Acoustic Waves. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8317. [PMID: 37837145 PMCID: PMC10574897 DOI: 10.3390/s23198317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of high-frequency acoustic waves with microfluidics has been gaining popularity as a method of separating cells/particles. A standing surface acoustic wave (sSAW) device produces constructive interference of the stationary waves, demonstrating an increase in cell separating efficiency without damaging/altering the cell structure. The performance of an sSAW device depends on the applied input signal, design of the IDT, and piezoelectric properties of the substrate. This work analyzes the characteristics of a validated 3D finite element model (FEM) of LiNbO3 and the effect on the displacement components of the mechanical waves under the influence of sSAWs by considering XY-, YX-, and 1280 YX-cut LiNbO3 with varying electrode length design. We demonstrated that device performance can be enhanced by the interference of multiple waves under a combination of input signals. The results suggest that 1280 YX-cut LiNbO3 is suitable for generating higher-amplitude out-of-plane waves which can improve the effectiveness of acoustofluidics-based cell separation. Additionally, the findings showed that the length of the electrode impacts the formation of the wavefront significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith D. Janardhana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Nathan Jackson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Nanoscience and Microsystems Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Aghaamoo M, Cardenas-Benitez B, Lee AP. A High-Throughput Microfluidic Cell Sorter Using a Three-Dimensional Coupled Hydrodynamic-Dielectrophoretic Pre-Focusing Module. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1813. [PMID: 37893250 PMCID: PMC10609158 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for label-free sorting of cells, even those with subtle differences in morphological and dielectric properties. Nevertheless, a major limitation is that most existing DEP techniques can efficiently sort cells only at low throughputs (<1 mL h-1). Here, we demonstrate that the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) coupled hydrodynamic-DEP cell pre-focusing module upstream of the main DEP sorting region enables cell sorting with a 10-fold increase in throughput compared to conventional DEP approaches. To better understand the key principles and requirements for high-throughput cell separation, we present a comprehensive theoretical model to study the scaling of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces on cells at high flow rate regimes. Based on the model, we show that the critical cell-to-electrode distance needs to be ≤10 µm for efficient cell sorting in our proposed microfluidic platform, especially at flow rates ≥ 1 mL h-1. Based on those findings, a computational fluid dynamics model and particle tracking analysis were developed to find optimum operation parameters (e.g., flow rate ratios and electric fields) of the coupled hydrodynamic-DEP 3D focusing module. Using these optimum parameters, we experimentally demonstrate live/dead K562 cell sorting at rates as high as 10 mL h-1 (>150,000 cells min-1) with 90% separation purity, 85% cell recovery, and no negative impact on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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35
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Pandian K, Matsui M, Hankemeier T, Ali A, Okubo-Kurihara E. Advances in single-cell metabolomics to unravel cellular heterogeneity in plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:949-965. [PMID: 37338502 PMCID: PMC10517197 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell metabolomics is a powerful tool that can reveal cellular heterogeneity and can elucidate the mechanisms of biological phenomena in detail. It is a promising approach in studying plants, especially when cellular heterogeneity has an impact on different biological processes. In addition, metabolomics, which can be regarded as a detailed phenotypic analysis, is expected to answer previously unrequited questions which will lead to expansion of crop production, increased understanding of resistance to diseases, and in other applications as well. In this review, we will introduce the flow of sample acquisition and single-cell techniques to facilitate the adoption of single-cell metabolomics. Furthermore, the applications of single-cell metabolomics will be summarized and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Pandian
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minami Matsui
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein Road 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emiko Okubo-Kurihara
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- College of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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Wang G, Li C, Miao C, Li S, Qiu B, Ding W. On-Chip Label-Free Sorting of Living and Dead Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5430-5440. [PMID: 37603885 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of various cutting-edge micromachining technologies, lab on a chip is growing rapidly, but it is always a challenge to realize the on-chip separation of living cells from cell samples without affecting cell activity and function. Herein, we report a novel on-chip label-free method for sorting living and dead cells by integrating the hypertonic stimulus and tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave (T-SSAW) technologies. On a self-designed microfluidic chip, the hypertonic stimulus is used to distinguish cells by producing volume differences between living and dead cells, while T-SSAW is used to separate living and dead cells according to the cell volume difference. Under the optimized operation conditions, for the sample containing 50% of living human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and 50% of dead HUVECs treated with paraformaldehyde, the purity of living cells after the first separation can reach approximately 80%, while after the second separation, it can be as high as 93%; furthermore, the purity of living cells after separation increases with the initial proportion of living cells. In addition, the chip we designed is safe for cells and can robustly handle cell samples with different cell types or different causes of cell death. This work provides a new design of a microfluidic chip for label-free sorting of living and dead cells, greatly promoting the multi-functionality of lab on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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Khandelwal A, Li X. Strain-induced self-rolled-up microtubes for multifunctional on-chip microfluidic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051501. [PMID: 37720301 PMCID: PMC10505069 DOI: 10.1063/5.0170958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
On-chip microfluidics are characterized as miniaturized devices that can be either integrated with other components on-chip or can individually serve as a standalone lab-on-a-chip system for a variety of applications ranging from biochemical sensing to macromolecular manipulation. Heterogenous integration with various materials and form factors is, therefore, key to enhancing the performance of such microfluidic systems. The fabrication of complex three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic components that can be easily integrated with other material systems and existing state-of-the-art microfluidics is of rising importance. Research on producing self-assembled 3D architectures by the emerging self-rolled-up membrane (S-RuM) technology may hold the key to such integration. S-RuM technology relies on a strain-induced deformation mechanism to spontaneously transform stacked thin-film materials into 3D cylindrical hollow structures virtually on any kind of substrate. Besides serving as a compact microfluidic chamber, the S-RuM-based on-chip microtubular architecture exhibits several other advantages for microfluidic applications including customizable geometry, biocompatibility, chemical stability, ease of integration, uniform field distributions, and increased surface area to volume ratio. In this Review, we will highlight some of the applications related to molecule/particle sensing, particle delivery, and manipulation that utilized S-RuM technology to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Khandelwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nick Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xiuling Li
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Rubio LD, Collins M, Sen A, Aranson IS. Ultrasound Manipulation and Extrusion of Active Nanorods. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300028. [PMID: 37246278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic self-propelled nano and microparticles have a growing appeal for targeted drug delivery, collective functionality, and manipulation at the nanoscale. However, it is challenging to control their positions and orientations under confinement, e.g., in microchannels, nozzles, and microcapillaries. This study reports on the synergistic effect of acoustic and flow-induced focusing in microfluidic nozzles. In a microchannel with a nozzle, the balance between the acoustophoretic forces and the fluid drag due to streaming flows generated by the acoustic field controls the microparticle's dynamics. This study manipulates the positions and orientations of dispersed particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. The main findings are: first, this study successfully manipulates the positions and orientations of individual particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. Second, when an external flow is applied, the acoustic field separates and selectively extrudes shape-anisotropic passive particles and self-propelled active nanorods. Finally, the observed phenomena are explained by multiphysics finite-element modeling. The results shed light on the control and extrusion of active particles in confined geometries and enable applications for acoustic cargo (e.g., drug) delivery, particle injection, and additive manufacturing via printed self-propelled active particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dominguez Rubio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 18602, USA
| | - Matthew Collins
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Igor S Aranson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 18602, USA
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Abedini-Nassab R, Sadeghidelouei N, Shields Iv CW. Magnetophoretic circuits: A review of device designs and implementation for precise single-cell manipulation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1272:341425. [PMID: 37355317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip tools have played a pivotal role in advancing modern biology and medicine. A key goal in this field is to precisely transport single particles and cells to specific locations on a chip for quantitative analysis. To address this large and growing need, magnetophoretic circuits have been developed in the last decade to manipulate a large number of single bioparticles in a parallel and highly controlled manner. Inspired by electrical circuits, magnetophoretic circuits are composed of passive and active circuit elements to offer commensurate levels of control and automation for transporting individual bioparticles. These specifications make them unique compared to other technologies in addressing crucial bioanalytical applications and answering fundamental questions buried in highly heterogeneous cell populations. In this comprehensive review, we describe key theoretical considerations for manufacturing and simulating magnetophoretic circuits. We provide a detailed tutorial for operating magnetophoretic devices containing different circuit elements (e.g., conductors, diodes, capacitors, and transistors). Finally, we provide a critical comparison of the utility of these devices to other microchip-based platforms for cellular manipulation, and discuss how they may address unmet needs in single-cell biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Iran.
| | - Negar Sadeghidelouei
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - C Wyatt Shields Iv
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, United States
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40
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Ozcelik A, Gucluer S, Keskin T. Continuous Flow Separation of Live and Dead Cells Using Gravity Sedimentation. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1570. [PMID: 37630106 PMCID: PMC10456911 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The separation of target cell species is an important step for various biomedical applications ranging from single cell studies to drug testing and cell-based therapies. The purity of cell solutions is critical for therapeutic application. For example, dead cells and debris can negatively affect the efficacy of cell-based therapies. This study presents a cost-effective method for the continuous separation of live and dead cells using a 3D resin-printed microfluidic device. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells are used for cell separation experiments. Both numerical and experimental studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented device for the isolation of dead cells from cell solutions. The experimental results show that the 3D-printed microfluidic device successfully separates live and dead cells based on density differences. Separation efficiencies of over 95% are achieved at optimum flow rates, resulting in purer cell populations in the outlets. This study highlights the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and potential applications of the 3D-printed microfluidic device for cell separation. The implementation of 3D printing technology in microfluidics holds promise for advancing the field and enabling the production of customized devices for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09010, Türkiye; (S.G.)
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Sugier HR, Bellebon L, Aider JL, Larghero J, Peltzer J, Martinaud C. Feasibility of an acoustophoresis-based system for a high-throughput cell washing: application to bioproduction. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:891-899. [PMID: 37269272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS These last decades have seen the emergence and development of cell-based therapies, notably those based on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The advancement of these promising treatments requires increasing the throughput of processed cell for industrialization in order to reduce production costs. Among the various bioproduction challenges, downstream processing, including medium exchange, cell washing, cell harvesting and volume reduction, remains a critical step for which improvements are needed. Typically, these processes are performed by centrifugation. However, this approach limits the automation, especially in small batch productions where it is performed manually in open system. METHODS An acoustophoresis-based system was developed for cell washing. The cells were transferred from one stream to another via the acoustic forces and were collected in a different medium. The optimal flow rates of the different streams were assessed using red blood cells suspended in an albumin solution. Finally, the impact of acoustic washing on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) transcriptome was investigated by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS With a single passage through the acoustic device at input flow rate of 45 mL/h, the albumin removal was up to 90% while recovering 99% of RBCs. To further increase the protein removal, a loop washing in two steps was performed and has allowed an albumin removal ≥99% and a red blood cell/AD-MSCs recovery of 99%. After loop washing of AD-MSCs, only two genes, HES4 and MIR-3648-1, were differently expressed compared with the input. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we developed a continuous cell-washing system based on acoustophoresis. The process allows a theoretically high cell throughput while inducing little gene expression changes. These results indicate that cell washing based on acoustophoresis is a relevant and promising solution for numerous applications in cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Sugier
- Aenitis Technologies, Paris, France; Institut André Lwoff, INSERM UMR-MD 1197, Villejuif, France.
| | - Ludovic Bellebon
- Laboratoire PMMH, UMR7636 CNRS, ESPCI Paris - PSL, Paris Sciences Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Aider
- Laboratoire PMMH, UMR7636 CNRS, ESPCI Paris - PSL, Paris Sciences Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, INSERM U976, Centre d'investigation clinique de Biothérapies CBT501, Paris, France
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Wang K, Sun C, Dumčius P, Zhang H, Liao H, Wu Z, Tian L, Peng W, Fu Y, Wei J, Cai M, Zhong Y, Li X, Yang X, Cui M. Open source board based acoustofluidic transwells for reversible disruption of the blood-brain barrier for therapeutic delivery. Biomater Res 2023; 27:69. [PMID: 37452381 PMCID: PMC10349484 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial but dynamic structure that functions as a gatekeeper for the central nervous system (CNS). Managing sufficient substances across the BBB is a major challenge, especially in the development of therapeutics for CNS disorders. METHODS To achieve an efficient, fast and safe strategy for BBB opening, an acoustofluidic transwell (AFT) was developed for reversible disruption of the BBB. The proposed AFT was consisted of a transwell insert where the BBB model was established, and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer realized using open-source electronics based on printed circuit board techniques. RESULTS In the AFT device, the SAW produced acousto-mechanical stimulations to the BBB model resulting in decreased transendothelial electrical resistance in a dose dependent manner, indicating the disruption of the BBB. Moreover, SAW stimulation enhanced transendothelial permeability to sodium fluorescein and FITC-dextran with various molecular weight in the AFT device. Further study indicated BBB opening was mainly attributed to the apparent stretching of intercellular spaces. An in vivo study using a zebrafish model demonstrated SAW exposure promoted penetration of sodium fluorescein to the CNS. CONCLUSIONS In summary, AFT effectively disrupts the BBB under the SAW stimulation, which is promising as a new drug delivery methodology for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Povilas Dumčius
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Peng
- College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jun Wei
- iRegene Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Cai
- iRegene Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Min Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Surappa S, Multani P, Parlatan U, Sinawang PD, Kaifi J, Akin D, Demirci U. Integrated "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidic systems for isolation, enrichment, and analysis of cancer biomarkers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2942-2958. [PMID: 37314731 PMCID: PMC10834032 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liquid biopsy has garnered considerable attention as a complementary clinical tool for the early detection, molecular characterization and monitoring of cancer over the past decade. In contrast to traditional solid biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy offers a less invasive and safer alternative for routine cancer screening. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies have enabled handling of liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers with high sensitivity, throughput, and convenience. The integration of these multi-functional microfluidic technologies into a 'lab-on-a-chip' offers a powerful solution for processing and analyzing samples on a single platform, thereby reducing the complexity, bio-analyte loss and cross-contamination associated with multiple handling and transfer steps in more conventional benchtop workflows. This review critically addresses recent developments in integrated microfluidic technologies for cancer detection, highlighting isolation, enrichment, and analysis strategies for three important sub-types of cancer biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes. We first discuss the unique characteristics and advantages of the various lab-on-a-chip technologies developed to operate on each biomarker subtype. This is then followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities in the field of integrated systems for cancer detection. Ultimately, integrated microfluidic platforms form the core of a new class of point-of-care diagnostic tools by virtue of their ease-of-operation, portability and high sensitivity. Widespread availability of such tools could potentially result in more frequent and convenient screening for early signs of cancer at clinical labs or primary care offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Surappa
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Priyanka Multani
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jussuf Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Wu F, Wang H, Sun C, Yuan F, Xie Z, Mikhaylov R, Wu Z, Shen M, Yang J, Evans W, Fu Y, Tian L, Yang X. Power-controlled acoustofluidic manipulation of microparticles. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107087. [PMID: 37406388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, surface acoustic wave (SAW) based acoustofluidic separation of microparticles and cells has attracted increasing interest due to accuracy and biocompatibility. Precise control of the input power of acoustofluidic devices is essential for generating optimum acoustic radiation force to manipulate microparticles given their various parameters including size, density, compressibility, and moving velocity. In this work, an acoustophoretic system is developed by employing SAW based interdigital electrode devices. Power meters are applied to closely monitor the incident and reflected powers of the SAW device, which are associated with the separation efficiency. There exists a range of input powers to migrate the microparticles to the pressure node due to their random locations when entering the SAW field. Theoretical analysis is performed to predict a proper input power to separate mixtures of polystyrene microspheres, and the end lateral position of microspheres being acoustically separated. The separation efficiency of four sizes of microspheres, including 20 µm, 15 µm, 10 µm, and 5 µm, is calculated and compared with experimental results, which suggest the input power for separating the mixture of these microspheres. The study provides a practical guidance on operating SAW devices for bioparticle separation using the incident power as a control parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, PR China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Duke University, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Roman Mikhaylov
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, 116023, PR China
| | - Minghong Shen
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Will Evans
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Liangfei Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, 310027, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
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45
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Gouda M, Ghazzawy HS, Alqahtani N, Li X. The Recent Development of Acoustic Sensors as Effective Chemical Detecting Tools for Biological Cells and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2023; 28:4855. [PMID: 37375410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant developed technologies is the use of acoustic waves to determine the chemical structures of biological tissues and their bioactivities. In addition, the use of new acoustic techniques for in vivo visualizing and imaging of animal and plant cellular chemical compositions could significantly help pave the way toward advanced analytical technologies. For instance, acoustic wave sensors (AWSs) based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were used to identify the aromas of fermenting tea such as linalool, geraniol, and trans-2-hexenal. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of advanced acoustic technologies for tracking the composition changes in plant and animal tissues. In addition, a few key configurations of the AWS sensors and their different wave pattern applications in biomedical and microfluidic media progress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gouda
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hesham S Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Nashi Alqahtani
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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46
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Tsan VH, Fan D, Caneva S, Smith CS, Verbiest GJ. Low-cost acoustic force trap in a microfluidic channel. HARDWAREX 2023; 14:e00428. [PMID: 37275951 PMCID: PMC10232849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost glass-based microfluidic flow cell with a piezo actuator is built using off-the-shelf parts (total cost €9 per device) to apply acoustophoretic force on polystyrene micro-beads. The main challenge in the fabrication of these devices was to ensure their leak tightness, which we solved using double-sided tape and nail polish. Beads with 1.5 μm diameter flowing in a 100 μm deep channel were trapped at 7.5 MHz using a 23.7 peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) sinusoidal input. The trap located at 50 ± 0.1 μm depth was measured to have a stiffness of approximately 0.6 pN/μm. With this simple device we can trap and control the axial position of micrometer scale objects, which allows for the manipulation of beads and cells. We intend to use the device for force spectroscopy on micro-bead tethered DNA. This can be combined with super-resolution imaging techniques to study mechanics and binding of protein structures along a DNA strand as a function of induced tension.
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Mukherjee F, Shi A, Wang X, You F, Abbott NL. Liquid Crystals as Multifunctional Interfaces for Trapping and Characterizing Colloidal Microplastics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207802. [PMID: 36892170 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying and removing microplastics (MPs) from the environment is a global challenge. This study explores how the colloidal fraction of MPs assemble into distinct 2D patterns at aqueous interfaces of liquid crystal (LC) films with the goal of developing surface-sensitive methods for identifying MPs. Polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) microparticles are measured to exhibit distinct aggregation patterns, with addition of anionic surfactant amplifying differences in PS/PE aggregation patterns: PS changes from a linear chain-like morphology to a singly dispersed state with increasing surfactant concentration whereas PE forms dense clusters at all surfactant concentrations. Statistical analysis of assembly patterns using deep learning image recognition models yields accurate classification, with feature importance analysis confirming that dense, multibranched assemblies are unique features of PE relative to PS. Microscopic characterization of LC ordering at the microparticle surfaces leads to predict LC-mediated interactions (due to elastic strain) with a dipolar symmetry, a prediction consistent with the interfacial organization of PS but not PE. Further analysis leads to conclude that PE microparticles, due to their polycrystalline nature, possess rough surfaces that lead to weak LC elastic interactions and enhanced capillary forces. Overall, the results highlight the potential utility of LC interfaces for rapid identification of colloidal MPs based on their surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Mukherjee
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anye Shi
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fengqi You
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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48
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Wang H, Boardman J, Zhang X, Sun C, Cai M, Wei J, Dong Z, Feng M, Liang D, Hu S, Qian Y, Dong S, Fu Y, Torun H, Clayton A, Wu Z, Xie Z, Yang X. An enhanced tilted-angle acoustic tweezer for mechanical phenotyping of cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341120. [PMID: 37032048 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic devices becomes one of the emerging and versatile tools for many biomedical applications. Most of the previous acoustofluidic devices are used for cells manipulation, and the few devices for cell phenotyping with a limitation in throughput. In this study, an enhanced tilted-angle (ETA) acoustofluidic device is developed and applied for mechanophenotyping of live cells. The ETA Device consists of an interdigital transducer which is positioned along a microfluidic channel. An inclination angle of 5° is introduced between the interdigital transducer and the liquid flow direction. The pressure nodes formed inside the acoustofluidic field in the channel deflect the biological cells from their original course in accordance with their mechanical properties, including volume, compressibility, and density. The threshold power for fully converging the cells to the pressure node is used to calculate the acoustic contrast factor. To demonstrate the ETA device in cell mechanophenotyping, and distinguishing between different cell types, further experimentation is carried out by using A549 (lung cancer cells), MDB-MA-231 (breast cancer cells), and leukocytes. The resulting acoustic contrast factors for the lung and breast cancer cells are different from that of the leukocytes by 27.9% and 21.5%, respectively. These results suggest this methodology can successfully distinguish and phenotype different cell types based on the acoustic contrast factor.
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49
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Clack K, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Mahmudunnabi RG, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205856. [PMID: 36631277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Clack
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rabbee G Mahmudunnabi
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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50
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Microfabricated acoustofluidic membrane acoustic waveguide actuator for highly localized in-droplet dynamic particle manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1865-1878. [PMID: 36852544 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precision manipulation techniques in microfluidics often rely on ultrasonic actuators to generate displacement and pressure fields in a liquid. However, strategies to enhance and confine the acoustofluidic forces often work against miniaturization and reproducibility in fabrication. This study presents microfabricated piezoelectric thin film membranes made via silicon diffusion for guided flexural wave generation as promising acoustofluidic actuators with low frequency, voltage, and power requirements. The guided wave propagation can be dynamically controlled to tune and confine the induced acoustofluidic radiation force and streaming. This provides for highly localized dynamic particle manipulation functionalities such as multidirectional transport, patterning, and trapping. The device combines the advantages of microfabrication and advanced acoustofluidic capabilities into a miniature "drop-and-actuate" chip that is mechanically robust and features a high degree of reproducibility for large-scale production. The membrane acoustic waveguide actuators offer a promising pathway for acoustofluidic applications such as biosensing, organoid production, and in situ analyte transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Eldwin J Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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