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Yang WL, Zhang WF, Wang Y, Lou Y, Cai Y, Zhu J. Origin recognition complex 6 overexpression promotes growth of glioma cells. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:485. [PMID: 38971772 PMCID: PMC11227543 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of novel oncotargets for glioma is of immense significance. We here explored the expression patterns, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms associated with ORC6 (origin recognition complex 6) in glioma. Through the bioinformatics analyses, we found a significant increase in ORC6 expression within human glioma tissues, correlating with poorer overall survival, higher tumor grade, and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Additionally, ORC6 overexpression is detected in glioma tissues obtained from locally-treated patients and across various primary/established glioma cells. Further bioinformatics scrutiny revealed that genes co-expressed with ORC6 are enriched in multiple signaling cascades linked to cancer. In primary and immortalized (A172) glioma cells, depleting ORC6 using specific shRNA or Cas9-sgRNA knockout (KO) significantly decreased cell viability and proliferation, disrupted cell cycle progression and mobility, and triggered apoptosis. Conversely, enhancing ORC6 expression via a lentiviral construct augmented malignant behaviors in human glioma cells. ORC6 emerged as a crucial regulator for the expression of key oncogenic genes, including Cyclin A2, Cyclin B2, and DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2A), within glioma cells. Silencing or KO of ORC6 reduced the mRNA and protein levels of these genes, while overexpression of ORC6 increased their expression in primary glioma cells. Bioinformatics analyses further identified RBPJ as a potential transcription factor of ORC6. RBPJ shRNA decreased ORC6 expression in primary glioma cells, while its overexpression increased it. Additionally, significantly enhanced binding between the RBPJ protein and the proposed ORC6 promoter region was detected in glioma tissues and cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the growth of patient-derived glioma xenografts in the mouse brain subsequent to ORC6 KO. ORC6 depletion, inhibited proliferation, decreased expression of Cyclin A2/B2/TOP2A, and increased apoptosis were detected within these ORC6 KO intracranial glioma xenografts. Altogether, RBPJ-driven ORC6 overexpression promotes glioma cell growth, underscoring its significance as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yue Lou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Li J, Zhan X. Mass spectrometry analysis of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:857-887. [PMID: 36789499 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial posttranslational modification that is involved in various aspects of cell biology and often has functions in cancers. It is necessary not only to identify the specific phosphorylation sites but also to quantify their phosphorylation levels under specific pathophysiological conditions. Because of its high sensitivity and accuracy, mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used to identify endogenous and synthetic phosphotyrosine proteins/peptides across a range of biological systems. However, phosphotyrosine-containing proteins occur in extremely low abundance and they degrade easily, severely challenging the application of MS. This review highlights the advances in both quantitative analysis procedures and enrichment approaches to tyrosine phosphorylation before MS analysis and reviews the differences among phosphorylation, sulfation, and nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins. In-depth insights into tyrosine phosphorylation in a wide variety of biological systems will offer a deep understanding of how signal transduction regulates cellular physiology and the development of tyrosine phosphorylation-related drugs as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Aghajani M, Jalilzadeh N, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yari A, Tabnak P, Mardi A, Saeedi H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1584-1612. [PMID: 38512448 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent CNS (central nervous system) tumor in adults, with an average survival length shorter than 2 years and rare metastasis to organs other than CNS. Despite extensive attempts at surgical resecting, the inherently permeable nature of this disease has rendered relapse nearly unavoidable. Thus, immunotherapy is a feasible alternative, as stimulated immune cells can enter into the remote and inaccessible tumor cells. Immunotherapy has revolutionized patient upshots in various malignancies and might introduce different effective ways for GBM patients. Currently, researchers are exploring various immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with GBM to target both the innate and acquired immune responses. These approaches include reprogrammed tumor-associated macrophages, the use of specific antibodies to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis, modifying tumor-associated macrophages with antibodies, vaccines that utilize tumor-specific dendritic cells to activate anti-tumor T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhanced T cells that function against tumor cells. Despite these findings, there is still room for improving the response faults of the many currently tested immunotherapies. This study aims to review the currently used immunotherapy approaches with their molecular mechanisms and clinical application in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Tabnak
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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You H, Geng S, Li S, Imani M, Brambilla D, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances in biomimetic strategies for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122694. [PMID: 38959533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for treating tumors, with a multitude of immunotherapeutic thoughts currently under consideration for the lethal glioblastoma (GBM). However, issues with immunotherapeutic agents, such as limited in vivo stability, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, insufficient GBM targeting, and represented monotherapy, have hindered the success of immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, even with the aid of conventional drug delivery systems, outcomes remain suboptimal. Biomimetic strategies seek to overcome these formidable drug delivery challenges by emulating nature's intelligent structures and functions. Leveraging the variety of biological structures and functions, biomimetic drug delivery systems afford a versatile platform with enhanced biocompatibility for the co-delivery of diverse immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, their inherent capacity to traverse the BBB and home in on GBM holds promise for augmenting the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy. Thus, this review begins by revisiting the various thoughts and agents on immunotherapy for GBM. Then, the barriers to successful GBM immunotherapy are analyzed, and the corresponding biomimetic strategies are explored from the perspective of function and structure. Finally, the clinical translation's current state and prospects of biomimetic strategy are addressed. This review aspires to provide fresh perspectives on the advancement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu You
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shangkuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Department of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14977-13115, Iran; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Bagchi A, Stayrook SE, Xenaki KT, Starbird CA, Doulkeridou S, El Khoulati R, Roovers RC, Schmitz KR, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Ferguson KM. Structural insights into the role and targeting of EGFRvIII. Structure 2024:S0969-2126(24)00195-3. [PMID: 38908376 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-known oncogenic driver in lung and other cancers. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the EGFR deletion variant III (EGFRvIII) is frequently found alongside EGFR amplification. Agents targeting the EGFR axis have shown limited clinical benefits in GBM and the role of EGFRvIII in GBM is poorly understood. To shed light on the role of EGFRvIII and its potential as a therapeutic target, we determined X-ray crystal structures of a monomeric EGFRvIII extracellular region (ECR). The EGFRvIII ECR resembles the unliganded conformation of EGFR, including the orientation of the C-terminal region of domain II. Domain II is mostly disordered, but the ECR structure is compact. We selected a nanobody with preferential binding to EGFRvIII relative to EGFR and structurally defined an epitope on domain IV that is occluded in the unliganded intact EGFR. These findings suggest new avenues for EGFRvIII targeting in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrish Bagchi
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven E Stayrook
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Katerina T Xenaki
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Chrystal A Starbird
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sofia Doulkeridou
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Rachid El Khoulati
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Karl R Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CH, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn M Ferguson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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Chang C, Chavarro VS, Gerstl JVE, Blitz SE, Spanehl L, Dubinski D, Valdes PA, Tran LN, Gupta S, Esposito L, Mazzetti D, Gessler FA, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Friedman GK, Peruzzi P, Bernstock JD. Recurrent Glioblastoma-Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6733. [PMID: 38928445 PMCID: PMC11203521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal central nervous system malignancy with a median survival after progression of only 6-9 months. Major biochemical mechanisms implicated in glioblastoma recurrence include aberrant molecular pathways, a recurrence-inducing tumor microenvironment, and epigenetic modifications. Contemporary standard-of-care (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields) helps to control the primary tumor but rarely prevents relapse. Cytoreductive treatment such as surgery has shown benefits in recurrent glioblastoma; however, its use remains controversial. Several innovative treatments are emerging for recurrent glioblastoma, including checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, nanoparticle delivery, laser interstitial thermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. This review seeks to provide readers with an overview of (1) recent discoveries in the molecular basis of recurrence; (2) the role of surgery in treating recurrence; and (3) novel treatment paradigms emerging for recurrent glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Velina S. Chavarro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Jakob V. E. Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Blitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lennard Spanehl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Pablo A. Valdes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Lily N. Tran
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unicamillus University, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Debora Mazzetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany; (D.D.); (F.A.G.)
| | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Division of Pediatrics, Neuro-Oncology Section, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (V.S.C.); (J.V.E.G.); (S.E.B.); (L.S.); (S.G.); (D.M.); (O.A.); (T.R.S.); (J.D.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Park JY, Cho YL, Lee TS, Lee D, Kang JH, Lim S, Lee Y, Lim JH, Kang WJ. In Vivo Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled NOTA-EGFRvIII Aptamer in EGFRvIII-Positive Glioblastoma Xenografted Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:814. [PMID: 38931935 PMCID: PMC11207964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
EGFRvIII is expressed only in tumor cells and strongly in glioblastoma and is considered a promising target in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to biochemical target molecules with high binding affinity and specificity. This study examined the potential of the 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer as a nuclear imaging probe for visualizing EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma by positron emission tomography (PET). EGFRvIII aptamer was selected using the SELEX technology, and flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy verified the high binding affinity to EGFRvIII positive U87MG vIII 4.12 glioma cells but not to EGFRvIII negative U87MG cells. The EGFRvIII aptamer was conjugated with a chelator (1,4,7-triazanonane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (NOTA) for 68Ga-labeling. The 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer was prepared using the preconcentration-based labeling method with a high radiolabeling yield at room temperature. Ex vivo biodistribution analyses confirmed the significantly higher tumor uptake of the 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer in EGFRvIII-expressing xenograft tumors than that in EGFRvIII negative tumors, confirming the specific tumor uptake of the 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer in vivo. PET imaging studies revealed a high retention rate of the 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer in U87MG vIII 4.12 tumors but only low uptake levels in U87-MG tumors, suggesting that the 68Ga-NOTA-EGFRvIII aptamer may be used as a PET imaging agent for EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (Y.L.C.)
| | - Ye Lim Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (Y.L.C.)
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (T.S.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Daekyun Lee
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., Pangyo Seven Venture Valley 1 (3-dong), 15, Pangyo-ro 228 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., Pangyo Seven Venture Valley 1 (3-dong), 15, Pangyo-ro 228 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Soryong Lim
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., Pangyo Seven Venture Valley 1 (3-dong), 15, Pangyo-ro 228 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yujin Lee
- Aptamer Sciences Inc., Pangyo Seven Venture Valley 1 (3-dong), 15, Pangyo-ro 228 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13487, Republic of Korea; (D.L.); (J.-H.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Division of RI Application, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (T.S.L.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Won Jun Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.P.); (Y.L.C.)
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8
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Wang M, Jin F, Tong X. From bench to bedside: The promising value of exosomes in precision medicine for CNS tumors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32376. [PMID: 38961907 PMCID: PMC11219334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally present extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of polycystic and plasma membranes. They facilitate intercellular communication by transporting DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They contribute to the onset and progression of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. In addition, they can be used as biomarkers of tumor proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation, thereby affecting the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). This paper reviews the recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of exosomes in various CNS tumors, the promise and challenges of exosomes as natural carriers of CNS tumors, and the therapeutic prospects of exosomes in CNS tumors. Furthermore, we hope this research can contribute to the development of more targeted and effective treatments for central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital).266042, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
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Blomquist MR, Eghlimi R, Beniwal A, Grief D, Nascari DG, Inge L, Sereduk CP, Tuncali S, Roos A, Inforzato H, Sharma R, Pirrotte P, Mehta S, Ensign SPF, Loftus JC, Tran NL. EGFRvIII Confers Sensitivity to Saracatinib in a STAT5-Dependent Manner in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6279. [PMID: 38892466 PMCID: PMC11172708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with few effective treatments. EGFR alterations, including expression of the truncated variant EGFRvIII, are among the most frequent genomic changes in these tumors. EGFRvIII is known to preferentially signal through STAT5 for oncogenic activation in GBM, yet targeting EGFRvIII has yielded limited clinical success to date. In this study, we employed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models expressing EGFRvIII to determine the key points of therapeutic vulnerability within the EGFRvIII-STAT5 signaling axis in GBM. Our findings reveal that exogenous expression of paralogs STAT5A and STAT5B augments cell proliferation and that inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation in vivo improves overall survival in combination with temozolomide (TMZ). STAT5 phosphorylation is independent of JAK1 and JAK2 signaling, instead requiring Src family kinase (SFK) activity. Saracatinib, an SFK inhibitor, attenuates phosphorylation of STAT5 and preferentially sensitizes EGFRvIII+ GBM cells to undergo apoptotic cell death relative to wild-type EGFR. Constitutively active STAT5A or STAT5B mitigates saracatinib sensitivity in EGFRvIII+ cells. In vivo, saracatinib treatment decreased survival in mice bearing EGFR WT tumors compared to the control, yet in EGFRvIII+ tumors, treatment with saracatinib in combination with TMZ preferentially improves survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylan R. Blomquist
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryan Eghlimi
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Angad Beniwal
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Dustin Grief
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - David G. Nascari
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (M.R.B.); (D.G.N.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Landon Inge
- Ventana Medical Systems, Roche Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85755, USA
| | - Christopher P. Sereduk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Serdar Tuncali
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Alison Roos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Hannah Inforzato
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.S.)
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.S.)
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Shannon P. Fortin Ensign
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Joseph C. Loftus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
| | - Nhan L. Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA (S.T.); (A.R.); (H.I.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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10
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Sadowski K, Jażdżewska A, Kozłowski J, Zacny A, Lorenc T, Olejarz W. Revolutionizing Glioblastoma Treatment: A Comprehensive Overview of Modern Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5774. [PMID: 38891962 PMCID: PMC11172387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in the adult population, with an average survival of 12.1 to 14.6 months. The standard treatment, combining surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is not as efficient as we would like. However, the current possibilities are no longer limited to the standard therapies due to rapid advancements in biotechnology. New methods enable a more precise approach by targeting individual cells and antigens to overcome cancer. For the treatment of glioblastoma, these are gamma knife therapy, proton beam therapy, tumor-treating fields, EGFR and VEGF inhibitors, multiple RTKs inhibitors, and PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the increasing understanding of the role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and the ability to identify tumor-specific antigens helped to develop immunotherapies targeting GBM and immune cells, including CAR-T, CAR-NK cells, dendritic cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Each of the described methods has its advantages and disadvantages and faces problems, such as the inefficient crossing of the blood-brain barrier, various neurological and systemic side effects, and the escape mechanism of the tumor. This work aims to present the current modern treatments of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Sadowski
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Jażdżewska
- The Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jan Kozłowski
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Zacny
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.)
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- Department of Radiology I, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Bumbaca B, Birtwistle MR, Gallo JM. Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4391296. [PMID: 38826227 PMCID: PMC11142360 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4391296/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte- like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like). Patients were subsequently grouped into subpopulations based on which cell-state was the most dominant in their respective tumor. By incorporating phosphoproteomic measurements from the same patients, a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed for each cell state. These four-cell state PPINs were pooled to form a single Boolean network that was used for in silico protein knockout simulations to investigate mechanisms that either promote or prevent cell state transitions. Simulation results were input into a boosted tree machine learning model which predicted the cell states or phenotypes of GBM patients from an independent public data source, the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) Consortium. Combining the simulation results and the machine learning predictions, we generated hypotheses for clinically relevant causal mechanisms of cell state transitions. For example, the transcription factor TFAP2A can be seen to promote a transition from the NPC-like to the MES-like state. Such protein nodes and the associated signaling pathways provide potential drug targets that can be further tested in vitro and support cell state-directed (CSD) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bumbaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
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12
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Thapa R, Afzal M, Goyal A, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Shahwan M, Kukreti N, Ali H, Dureja H, Kumar P, Singh TG, Kuppusamy G, Singh SK, Dua K. Exploring ncRNA-mediated regulation of EGFR signalling in glioblastoma: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Life Sci 2024; 345:122613. [PMID: 38582393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadly primary brain tumor type, with a discouragingly low survival rate and few effective treatments. An important function of the EGFR signalling pathway in the development of GBM is to affect tumor proliferation, persistence, and treatment resistance. Advances in molecular biology in the last several years have shown how important ncRNAs are for controlling a wide range of biological activities, including cancer progression and development. NcRNAs have become important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and they may affect the EGFR pathway by either directly targeting EGFR or by modifying important transcription factors and downstream signalling molecules. The EGFR pathway is aberrantly activated in response to the dysregulation of certain ncRNAs, which has been linked to GBM carcinogenesis, treatment resistance, and unfavourable patient outcomes. We review the literature on miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs that are implicated in the regulation of EGFR signalling in GBM, discussing their mechanisms of action, interactions with the signalling pathway, and implications for GBM therapy. Furthermore, we explore the potential of ncRNA-based strategies to overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies, including the use of ncRNA mimics or inhibitors to modulate the activity of key regulators within the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, 7, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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13
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Bumbaca B, Birtwistle MR, Gallo JM. Network Analyses of Brain Tumor Patients' Multiomic Data Reveals Pharmacological Opportunities to Alter Cell State Transitions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.593202. [PMID: 38766170 PMCID: PMC11100715 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.593202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains a particularly difficult cancer to treat, and survival outcomes remain poor. In addition to the lack of dedicated drug discovery programs for GBM, extensive intratumor heterogeneity and epigenetic plasticity related to cell-state transitions are major roadblocks to successful drug therapy in GBM. To study these phenomenon, publicly available snRNAseq and bulk RNAseq data from patient samples were used to categorize cells from patients into four cell states (i.e. phenotypes), namely: (i) neural progenitor-like (NPC-like), (ii) oligodendrocyte progenitor-like (OPC-like), (iii) astrocyte-like (AC-like), and (iv) mesenchymal-like (MES-like). Patients were subsequently grouped into subpopulations based on which cell-state was the most dominant in their respective tumor. By incorporating phosphoproteomic measurements from the same patients, a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed for each cell state. These four-cell state PPINs were pooled to form a single Boolean network that was used for in silico protein knockout simulations to investigate mechanisms that either promote or prevent cell state transitions. Simulation results were input into a boosted tree machine learning model which predicted the cell states or phenotypes of GBM patients from an independent public data source, the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) Consortium. Combining the simulation results and the machine learning predictions, we generated hypotheses for clinically relevant causal mechanisms of cell state transitions. For example, the transcription factor TFAP2A can be seen to promote a transition from the NPC-like to the MES-like state. Such protein nodes and the associated signaling pathways provide potential drug targets that can be further tested in vitro and support cell state-directed (CSD) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Bumbaca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
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14
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Kong D, Kwon D, Moon B, Kim DH, Kim MJ, Choi J, Kang KS. CD19 CAR-expressing iPSC-derived NK cells effectively enhance migration and cytotoxicity into glioblastoma by targeting to the pericytes in tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116436. [PMID: 38508081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting specific antigens have become a powerful tool for cell-based therapy. CAR-natural killer (NK) cells offer selective anticancer lysis with reduced off-tumor toxicity compared to CAR-T cells, which is beneficial in the heterogeneous milieu of solid tumors. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma (GBM), pericytes not only support tumor growth but also contribute to immune evasion, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets in GBM treatment. Given this context, our study aimed to target the GBM TME, with a special focus on pericytes expressing CD19, to evaluate the potential effectiveness of CD19 CAR-iNK cells against GBM. We performed CD19 CAR transduction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NK (iNK) cells. To determine whether CD19 CAR targets the TME pericytes in GBM, we developed GBM-blood vessel assembloids (GBVA) by fusing GBM spheroids with blood vessel organoids. When co-cultured with GBVA, CD19 CAR-iNK cells migrated towards the pericytes surrounding the GBM. Using a microfluidic chip, we demonstrated CD19 CAR-iNK cells' targeted action and cytotoxic effects in a perfusion-like environment. GBVA xenografts recapitulated the TME including human CD19-positive pericytes, thereby enabling the application of an in vivo model for validating the efficacy of CD19 CAR-iNK cells against GBM. Compared to GBM spheroids, the presence of pericytes significantly enhanced CD19 CAR-iNK cell migration towards GBM and reduced proliferation. These results underline the efficacy of CD19 CAR-iNK cells in targeting pericytes within the GBM TME, suggesting their potential therapeutic value for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekee Kwon
- Research Institute in Maru Therapeutics, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Moon
- Research Institute in Maru Therapeutics, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungju Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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BHUSARE NILAM, KUMAR MAUSHMI. A review on potential heterocycles for the treatment of glioblastoma targeting receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncol Res 2024; 32:849-875. [PMID: 38686058 PMCID: PMC11055995 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.047042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12-15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing targeted drugs. To tackle glioma, numerous studies have examined kinase-downstream signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MPAK. By targeting specific signaling pathways, heterocyclic compounds have demonstrated efficacy in glioma therapeutics. Additionally, key kinases including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (CTK), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and lipid kinase (LK) have been considered for investigation. These pathways play crucial roles in drug effectiveness in glioma treatment. Heterocyclic compounds, encompassing pyrimidine, thiazole, quinazoline, imidazole, indole, acridone, triazine, and other derivatives, have shown promising results in targeting these pathways. As part of this review, we propose exploring novel structures with low toxicity and high potency for glioma treatment. The development of these compounds should strive to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms and efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier. By optimizing the chemical properties and designing compounds with enhanced drug-like characteristics, we can maximize their therapeutic value and minimize adverse effects. Considering the complex nature of glioblastoma, these novel structures should be rigorously tested and evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- NILAM BHUSARE
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - MAUSHMI KUMAR
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
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16
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Crook ZR, Sevilla GP, Young P, Girard EJ, Phi TD, Howard M, Price J, Olson JM, Nairn NW. CYpHER: Catalytic extracellular targeted protein degradation with high potency and durable effect. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581471. [PMID: 38712232 PMCID: PMC11071310 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Many disease-causing proteins have multiple pathogenic mechanisms, and conventional inhibitors struggle to reliably disrupt more than one. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) can eliminate the protein, and thus all its functions, by directing a cell's protein turnover machinery towards it. Two established strategies either engage catalytic E3 ligases or drive uptake towards the endolysosomal pathway. Here we describe CYpHER (CatalYtic pH-dependent Endolysosomal delivery with Recycling) technology with potency and durability from a novel catalytic mechanism that shares the specificity and straightforward modular design of endolysosomal uptake. By bestowing pH-dependent release on the target engager and using the rapid-cycling transferrin receptor as the uptake receptor, CYpHER induces endolysosomal target delivery while re-using drug, potentially yielding increased potency and reduced off-target tissue exposure risks. The TfR-based approach allows targeting to tumors that overexpress this receptor and offers the potential for transport to the CNS. CYpHER function was demonstrated in vitro with EGFR and PD-L1, and in vivo with EGFR in a model of EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Crook
- Cyclera Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. Present address of Z.R.C., G.P.S., and N.W.N
- Blaze Bioscience Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gregory P. Sevilla
- Cyclera Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. Present address of Z.R.C., G.P.S., and N.W.N
- Blaze Bioscience Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Emily J. Girard
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Present address of E.J.G. and J.M.O
| | | | | | - Jason Price
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Present address of E.J.G. and J.M.O
| | - James M. Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. Present address of E.J.G. and J.M.O
| | - Natalie W. Nairn
- Cyclera Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. Present address of Z.R.C., G.P.S., and N.W.N
- Blaze Bioscience Inc., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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17
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Meksiriporn B, Spangler JB. Directed-evolution approach to empower EGFR targeting for immunotherapy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100762. [PMID: 38631347 PMCID: PMC11046029 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Advances in directed-evolution technologies are enabling new strategies to isolate binding proteins that recognize disease-associated states of a target protein. In this issue of Cell Reports Methods, Dobersberger et al. devised a yeast display-based selection scheme to discover proteins that engage the cancer-associated activated state of a receptor to enable design of safe and effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunyarit Meksiriporn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Tomoszková S, Škarda J, Lipina R. Potential Diagnostic and Clinical Significance of Selected Genetic Alterations in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4438. [PMID: 38674026 PMCID: PMC11050250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is currently considered the most common and, unfortunately, also the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. The average survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma is 14 months, and only 2% of patients survive 3 years after surgery. Based on our clinical experience and knowledge from extensive clinical studies, survival is mainly related to the molecular biological properties of glioblastoma, which are of interest to the general medical community. Our study examined a total of 71 retrospective studies published from 2016 through 2022 and available on PubMed that deal with mutations of selected genes in the pathophysiology of GBM. In conclusion, we can find other mutations within a given gene group that have different effects on the prognosis and quality of survival of a patient with glioblastoma. These mutations, together with the associated mutations of other genes, as well as intratumoral heterogeneity itself, offer enormous potential for further clinical research and possible application in therapeutic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tomoszková
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Lipina
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790/5, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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19
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Shen Y, Thng DKH, Wong ALA, Toh TB. Mechanistic insights and the clinical prospects of targeted therapies for glioblastoma: a comprehensive review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:40. [PMID: 38615034 PMCID: PMC11015656 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumour that is traditionally diagnosed based on histological features. Recent molecular profiling studies have reshaped the World Health Organization approach in the classification of central nervous system tumours to include more pathogenetic hallmarks. These studies have revealed that multiple oncogenic pathways are dysregulated, which contributes to the aggressiveness and resistance of GBM. Such findings have shed light on the molecular vulnerability of GBM and have shifted the disease management paradigm from chemotherapy to targeted therapies. Targeted drugs have been developed to inhibit oncogenic targets in GBM, including receptors involved in the angiogenic axis, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, as well as IDH1/2 pathway. While certain targeted drugs showed promising results in vivo, the translatability of such preclinical achievements in GBM remains a barrier. We also discuss the recent developments and clinical assessments of targeted drugs, as well as the prospects of cell-based therapies and combinatorial therapy as novel ways to target GBM. Targeted treatments have demonstrated preclinical efficacy over chemotherapy as an alternative or adjuvant to the current standard of care for GBM, but their clinical efficacy remains hindered by challenges such as blood-brain barrier penetrance of the drugs. The development of combinatorial targeted therapies is expected to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Shen
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Kembuan GJ, Kim JY, Maus MV, Jan M. Targeting solid tumor antigens with chimeric receptors: cancer biology meets synthetic immunology. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:312-331. [PMID: 38355356 PMCID: PMC11006585 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a medical breakthrough in the treatment of B cell malignancies. There is intensive focus on developing solid tumor-targeted CAR-T cell therapies. Although clinically approved CAR-T cell therapies target B cell lineage antigens, solid tumor targets include neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with diverse roles in tumor biology. Multiple early-stage clinical trials now report encouraging signs of efficacy for CAR-T cell therapies that target solid tumors. We review the landscape of solid tumor target antigens from the perspective of cancer biology and gene regulation, together with emerging clinical data for CAR-T cells targeting these antigens. We then discuss emerging synthetic biology strategies and their application in the clinical development of novel cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele J Kembuan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Kim
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Tuysuz EC, Mourati E, Rosberg R, Moskal A, Gialeli C, Johansson E, Governa V, Belting M, Pietras A, Blom AM. Tumor suppressor role of the complement inhibitor CSMD1 and its role in TNF-induced neuroinflammation in gliomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:98. [PMID: 38561856 PMCID: PMC10986120 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement inhibitor CSMD1 acts as a tumor suppressor in various types of solid cancers. Despite its high level of expression in the brain, its function in gliomas, malignant brain tumors originating from glial cells, has not been investigated. METHODS Three cohorts of glioma patients comprising 1500 patients were analyzed in our study along with their clinical data. H4, U-118 and U-87 cell lines were used to investigate the tumor suppressor function of CSMD1 in gliomas. PDGFB-induced brain tumor model was utilized for the validation of in vitro data. RESULTS The downregulation of CSMD1 expression correlated with reduced overall and disease-free survival, elevated tumor grade, wild-type IDH genotype, and intact 1p/19q status. Moreover, enhanced activity was noted in the neuroinflammation pathway. Importantly, ectopic expression of CSMD1 in glioma cell lines led to decreased aggressiveness in vitro. Mechanically, CSMD1 obstructed the TNF-induced NF-kB and STAT3 signaling pathways, effectively suppressing the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. There was also reduced survival in PDGFB-induced brain tumors in mice when Csmd1 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified CSMD1 as a tumor suppressor in gliomas and elucidated its role in TNF-induced neuroinflammation, contributing to a deeper understanding of glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Can Tuysuz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eleni Mourati
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Rosberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Moskal
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Translational Studies, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elinn Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Governa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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22
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Ingusci S, Hall BL, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses designed for targeted treatment of EGFR-bearing tumors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200761. [PMID: 38596286 PMCID: PMC10869753 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) have emerged as leading cancer therapeutic agents. Effective oHSV virotherapy may ultimately require both intratumoral and systemic vector administration to target the primary tumor and distant metastases. An attractive approach to enhancing oHSV tumor specificity is engineering the virus envelope glycoproteins for selective recognition of and infection via tumor-specific cell surface proteins. We previously demonstrated that oHSVs could be retargeted to EGFR-expressing cells by the incorporation of a single-chain antibody (scFv) at the N terminus of glycoprotein D (gD). Here, we compared retargeted oHSVs generated by the insertion of scFv, affibody molecule, or VHH antibody ligands at different positions within the N terminus of gD. When compared to the scFv-directed oHSVs, VHH and affibody molecules mediated enhanced EGFR-specific tumor cell entry, spread and cell killing in vitro, and enabled long-term tumor-specific virus replication following intravenous delivery in vivo. Moreover, oHSVs retargeted via a VHH ligand reduced tumor growth upon intravenous injection and achieved complete tumor destruction after intratumoral injection. Systemic oHSV delivery is important for the treatment of metastatic disease, and our enhancements in targeted oHSV design are a critical step in creating an effective tumor-specific oHSVs for safe administration via the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ingusci
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Hall
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justus B. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Joseph C. Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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23
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Lim SH, Yee GT, Khang D. Nanoparticle-Based Combinational Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Tumor Barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2529-2552. [PMID: 38505170 PMCID: PMC10949308 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s450853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) pose substantial challenges to efficacious drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Nanoparticle-based combinational strategies have emerged as promising modalities to overcome these barriers and enhance drug penetration into the brain parenchyma. This review discusses various nanoparticle-based combinatorial approaches that combine nanoparticles with cell-based drug delivery, viral drug delivery, focused ultrasound, magnetic field, and intranasal drug delivery to enhance drug permeability across the BBB and BTB. Cell-based drug delivery involves using engineered cells as carriers for nanoparticles, taking advantage of their intrinsic migratory and homing capabilities to facilitate the transport of therapeutic payloads across BBB and BTB. Viral drug delivery uses engineered viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes or payloads to specific cells within the GBM microenvironment. Focused ultrasound, coupled with microbubbles or nanoparticles, can temporarily disrupt the BBB to increase drug permeability. Magnetic field-guided drug delivery exploits magnetic nanoparticles to facilitate targeted drug delivery under an external magnetic field. Intranasal drug delivery offers a minimally invasive avenue to bypass the BBB and deliver therapeutic agents directly to the brain via olfactory and trigeminal pathways. By combining these strategies, synergistic effects can enhance drug delivery efficiency, improve therapeutic efficacy, and reduce off-target effects. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, exploring new combination strategies, and advancing preclinical and clinical investigations to promote the translation of nanoparticle-based combination therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Gi Taek Yee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, School of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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24
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Gross F, Mancini A, Breton B, Kobayashi H, Pereira PHS, Le Gouill C, Bouvier M, Schann S, Leroy X, Sabbagh L. EGFR signaling and pharmacology in oncology revealed with innovative BRET-based biosensors. Commun Biol 2024; 7:250. [PMID: 38429428 PMCID: PMC10907714 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are associated with the development of many cancers by modifying receptor signaling and contributing to drug resistance in clinical settings. We present enhanced bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors providing new insights into RTK biology and pharmacology critical for the development of more effective RTK-targeting drugs. Distinct SH2-specific effector biosensors allow for real-time and spatiotemporal monitoring of signal transduction pathways engaged upon RTK activation. Using EGFR as a model, we demonstrate the capacity of these biosensors to differentiate unique signaling signatures, with EGF and Epiregulin ligands displaying differences in efficacy, potency, and responses within different cellular compartments. We further demonstrate that EGFR single point mutations found in Glioblastoma or non-small cell lung cancer, impact the constitutive activity of EGFR and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The BRET-based biosensors are compatible with microscopy, and more importantly characterize the next generation of therapeutics directed against RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gross
- Domain Therapeutics North America Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Arturo Mancini
- Domain Therapeutics North America Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Billy Breton
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Pedro Henrique Scarpelli Pereira
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, 2950 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephan Schann
- Domain Therapeutics SA, 220 Boulevard Gonthier D'Andernach, 67400, Strasbourg-Illkirch, France
| | - Xavier Leroy
- Domain Therapeutics SA, 220 Boulevard Gonthier D'Andernach, 67400, Strasbourg-Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Sabbagh
- Domain Therapeutics North America Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, H4S 1Z9, Canada.
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25
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Garg A, Bandyopadhyay S. Role of an interdependent Wnt, GSK3-β/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR mechanism in arsenic-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in adult mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141375. [PMID: 38325618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported the neurotoxic effects of arsenic in the hippocampus. Here, we explored the involvement of Wnt pathway, which contributes to neuronal functions. Administering environmentally relevant arsenic concentrations to postnatal day-60 (PND60) mice demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in hippocampal Wnt3a and its components, Frizzled, phospho-LRP6, Dishevelled and Axin1 at PND90 and PND120. However, p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin levels although elevated at PND90, decreased at PND120. Additionally, treatment with Wnt-inhibitor, rDkk1, reduced p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin at PND90, but failed to affect their levels at PND120, indicating a time-dependent link with Wnt. To explore other underlying factors, we assessed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which interacts with GSK3-β and appears relevant to neuronal functions. We primarily found that arsenic reduced hippocampal phosphorylated-EGFR and its ligand, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), at both PND90 and PND120. Moreover, treatment with HB-EGF rescued p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin levels at PND120, suggesting their HB-EGF/EGFR-dependent regulation at this time point. Additionally, rDkk1, LiCl (GSK3-β-activity inhibitor), or β-catenin protein treatments induced a time-dependent recovery in HB-EGF, indicating potential inter-dependent mechanism between hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR following arsenic exposure. Fluorescence immunolabeling then validated these findings in hippocampal neurons. Further exploration of hippocampal neuronal survival and apoptosis demonstrated that treatment with rDkk1, LiCl, β-catenin and HB-EGF improved Nissl staining and NeuN levels, and reduced cleaved-caspase-3 levels in arsenic-treated mice. Supportively, we detected improved Y-Maze and Passive Avoidance performances for learning-memory functions in these mice. Overall, our study provides novel insights into Wnt/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR pathway interaction in arsenic-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Garg
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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26
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Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
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27
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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28
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Li X, Cheng Y, Han X, Cui B, Li J, Yang H, Xu G, Lin Q, Xiao X, Tang J, Lu J. Exploring the association of glioma tumor residuals from incongruent [ 18F]FET PET/MR imaging with tumor proliferation using a multiparametric MRI radiomics nomogram. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:779-796. [PMID: 37864593 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to using multiparametric MRI radiomics to predict glioma tumor residuals (TRFET over MR) derived from incongruent [18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) PET/MR imaging. METHODS One hundred ten patients with gliomas who underwent [18F]FET PET/MR scanning were retrospectively analyzed. The TRFET over MR was identified by the discrepancy-PET that the extent of resection (EOR) based on MRI subtracted the biological tumor volume on PET images. The MRI parameters and radiomics features were extracted based on EOR and selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to construct radiomics score (Rad-score). The correlation network analysis of all features was analyzed by Spearman's correlation tests. The methods for evaluating the clinical usefulness consisted of the receiver operating characteristic curve, the calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS The Rad-score of the patients with the TRFET over MR was significantly higher than those with the non TRFET over MR (p < 0.001). The Rad-score was significantly correlated with the discrepancy-PET (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), Ki-67 level (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of gliomas (r = 0.75, p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, there was a difference of the correlation network analysis between the TRPET over MR group and non TRFET over MR group. The nomogram combing Rad-score and clinical features had the greatest performance in predicting TRFET over MR (AUC = 0.90/0.87, training/testing). There was a significant difference in prognosis (median OS, 17 m vs. 43 m) between patients with TRFET over MR and non TRFET over MR based on nomogram prediction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The nomogram based on MRI radiomics would predict gliomas tumor residuals caused by the absence of 18F-PET PET examination and adjust EOR to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kowalczyk A, Zarychta J, Marszołek A, Zawitkowska J, Lejman M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell and Chimeric Antigen Receptor NK Cell Therapy in Pediatric and Adult High-Grade Glioma-Recent Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:623. [PMID: 38339374 PMCID: PMC10854514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG) account for approximately 10% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children and 25% of CNS tumors in adults. Despite their rare occurrence, HGG are a significant clinical problem. The standard therapeutic procedure in both pediatric and adult patients with HGG is the surgical resection of the tumor combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite intensive treatment, the 5-year overall survival in pediatric patients is below 20-30%. This rate is even lower for the most common HGG in adults (glioblastoma), at less than 5%. It is, therefore, essential to search for new therapeutic methods that can extend the survival rate. One of the therapeutic options is the use of immune cells (T lymphocytes/natural killer (NK) cells) expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). The objective of the following review is to present the latest results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in HGG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kowalczyk
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Julia Zarychta
- Student Scientific Society of Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anna Marszołek
- Student Scientific Society of Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Guo N, Ding Y, Feng J, Miao C, Lv Y. Application of SNAP-tag-EGFR cell membrane chromatography model in screening antitumor active components of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115816. [PMID: 37976988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The SNAP-tag-epidermal growth factor receptor (SNAP-tag-EGFR) cell membrane chromatography (CMC) model is a powerful tool for investigating ligand-receptor interactions and screening active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. Most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target epidermal growth factor receptors. However, TKIs associated with significant side effects and drug resistance must be addressed immediately. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new TKIs with high efficiency and low toxicity. Because of its low toxicity and side effects, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely employed to treat various diseases, including cancer. Hence, this study aimed to use the SNAP-tag-EGFR/CMC-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) two-dimensional system model as the research tool to screen and identify potential EGFR antagonists from the Chinese medicine Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The applicability of the system was verified using the positive control drug osimertinib. Four potential EGFR antagonists were screened from the Chinese medicine Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.. They were identified as silydianin, silychristin, silybin, and isosilybin. Additionally, their pharmacological activity was preliminarily verified using a CCK-8 assay. The kinetic parameters of the four active ingredients interacting with EGFR and their binding modes with EGFR were analyzed using nonlinear chromatography (NLC) and molecular docking. This study identified silydianin, silychristin, silybin, and isosilybin from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and verified their potential antitumor effects on EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Na Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Jingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Chenyang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an 710115, China.
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Wen P, Li H, Liu L, Liu X, Xu Z, Dong J. SENP1-Mediated deSUMOylation Regulates the Tumor Remodeling of Glioma Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Stress. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241257490. [PMID: 38803001 PMCID: PMC11135080 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241257490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of specific small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases 1 (SENP1)-mediated deSUMOylation on the malignant behavior of glioma stem cells (GSCs) under hypoxia conditions and evaluate the clinical value of prevention in glioma patients. Introductions: Under hypoxic conditions, upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression in GSCs activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which provide rich nutritional support for glioblastoma (GBM). SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation stabilizes the expression of HIF1α and β-catenin, leading to the occurrence of GSCs-initiated tumorigenesis. Targeting SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation may suppress the malignancy of GSCs and disrupt GBM progression. Methods: The expression of SENP1 in different World Health Organization grades was observed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Lentivirus-packaged SENP1shRNA downregulated the expression of SENP1 in GSCs, and the downregulated results were verified by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. The effects of LV-SENP1shRNA on the migration and proliferation of GSCs were detected by scratch and cloning experiments. The effect of LV-SENP1shRNA on the tumor formation ability of GSCs was observed in nude mice. Immunoprecipitation clarified the mechanism of SENP1 regulating the malignant behavior of GSCs under hypoxia. The correlation between the expression level of SENP1 and the survival of glioma patients was determined by statistical analysis. Results: SENP1 expression in GSCs derived from clinical samples was upregulated in GBM. SUMOylation was observed in GSCs in vitro, and deSUMOylation, accompanied by an increase in SENP1 expression, was induced by hypoxia. SENP1 expression was downregulated in GSCs with lentivirus-mediated stable transfection, which attenuated the proliferation and differentiation of GSCs, thus diminishing tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, HIF1α induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin, which depended on SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation, promoting GSC-driven GBM growth under the hypoxia microenvironment. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation as a feature of GSCs is essential for GBM maintenance, suggesting that targeting SENP1 against GSCs may effectively improve GBM therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kim T, Lee A, Ahn S, Park JS, Jeun SS, Lee YS. Comprehensive Molecular Genetic Analysis in Glioma Patients by Next Generation Sequencing. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2024; 12:23-39. [PMID: 38317486 PMCID: PMC10864139 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2023.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is caused by multiple genomic alterations. The evolving classification of gliomas emphasizes the significance of molecular testing. Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers the assessment of parallel combinations of multiple genetic alterations and identifying actionable mutations that guide treatment. This study comprehensively analyzed glioma patients using multi-gene NGS panels, providing powerful insights to inform diagnostic classification and targeted therapies. METHODS We conducted a targeted panel-based NGS analysis on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded nucleic acids extracted from a total of 147 glioma patients. These samples underwent amplicon capture-based library preparation and sequenced using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay platform. The resulting sequencing data were then analyzed using the bioinformatics tools. RESULTS A total of 301 mutations, were found in 132 out of 147 tumors (89.8%). These mutations were in 68 different genes. In 62 tumor samples (42.2%), copy number variations (CNVs) with gene amplifications occurred in 25 genes. Moreover, 25 tumor samples (17.0%) showed gene fusions in 6 genes and intragenic deletion in a gene. Our analysis identified actionable targets in several genes, including 11 with mutations, 8 with CNVs, and 3 with gene fusions and intragenic deletion. These findings could impact FDA-approved therapies, NCCN guideline-based treatments, and clinical trials. CONCLUSION We analyzed precisely diagnosing the classification of gliomas, detailing the frequency and co-occurrence of genetic alterations and identifying genetic alterations with potential therapeutic targets by NGS-based molecular analysis. The high-throughput NGS analysis is an efficient and powerful tool to comprehensively support molecular testing in neurooncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeeun Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Mishra S, Sahu A, Kaur A, Kaur M, Kumar J, Wal P. Recent Development in the Search for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors based on the Indole Pharmacophore. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:581-613. [PMID: 37909440 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266264206231020111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The signal transduction and cell proliferation are regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor. The proliferation of tumor cells, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis is inhibited by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, glioma, and bladder cancer can be treated by targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Although third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are potent drugs, patients exhibit drug resistance after treatment. Thus, the search for new drugs is being continued. Among the different potent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, we have reviewed the indole-based inhibitors. We have discussed the structure-activity relationship of the compounds with the active sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor receptors, their synthesis, and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mishra
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, 473003, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Rajasthan, NH11C Kant Kanwar Jaipur, 300202, India
| | - Avneet Kaur
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | | | - Jayendra Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, UP, 201204, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Pharmacy, Kanpur, UP, India
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Teran Pumar OY, Lathia JD, Watson DC, Bayik D. 'Slicing' glioblastoma drivers with the Swiss cheese model. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:15-27. [PMID: 37625928 PMCID: PMC10840711 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The Swiss cheese model is used to assess risks and explain accidents in a variety of industries. This model can be applied to dissect the homeostatic mechanisms whose cumulative dysregulation contributes to disease states, including cancer. Using glioblastoma (GBM) as an exemplar, we discuss how specific protumorigenic mechanisms collectively drive disease by affecting genomic integrity, epigenetic regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and antitumor immunity. We further highlight how host factors, such as hormonal differences and aging, impact this process, and the interplay between these 'system failures' that enable tumor progression and foster therapeutic resistance. Finally, we examine therapies that consider the interactions between these elements, which may comprise more effective approaches given the multifaceted protumorigenic mechanisms that drive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Y Teran Pumar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Medical Oncology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Defne Bayik
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Trojan A, Lone YC, Briceno I, Trojan J. Anti-Gene IGF-I Vaccines in Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review of a Case of Glioblastoma. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1983-2002. [PMID: 38031775 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673237968231106095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccines for the deadliest brain tumor - glioblastoma (GBM) - are generally based on targeting growth factors or their receptors, often using antibodies. The vaccines described in the review were prepared to suppress the principal cancer growth factor - IGF-I, using anti-gene approaches either of antisense (AS) or of triple helix (TH) type. Our objective was to increase the median survival of patients treated with AS and TH cell vaccines. METHODOLOGY The cells were transfected in vitro by both constructed IGF-I AS and IGF-I TH expression episomal vectors; part of these cells was co-cultured with plant phytochemicals, modulating IGF-I expression. Both AS and TH approaches completely suppressed IGF-I expression and induced MHC-1 / B7 immunogenicity related to the IGF-I receptor signal. RESULTS This immunogenicity proved to be stronger in IGF-I TH than in IGF-I AS-prepared cell vaccines, especially in TH / phytochemical cells. The AS and TH vaccines generated an important TCD8+ and TCD8+CD11b- immune response in treated GBM patients and increased the median survival of patients up to 17-18 months, particularly using TH vaccines; in some cases, 2- and 3-year survival was reported. These clinical results were compared with those obtained in therapies targeting other growth factors. CONCLUSION The anti-gene IGF-I vaccines continue to be applied in current GBM personalized medicine. Technical improvements in the preparation of AS and TH vaccines to increase MHC-1 and B7 immunogenicity have, in parallel, allowed to increase in the median survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, PO Box: 130014 Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Sabana, PO Box: 250008 Chia, Colombia
| | - Jerzy Trojan
- INSERM UMR 1197, Cancer Center & University of Paris / Saclay, PO Box: 94802 Villejuif, France
- CEDEA / ICGT - Center of Oncological Diseases Diagnosis, PO Box: 110231 Bogota, Colombia
- National Academy of Medicine - ANM, PO Box: 75272 Paris, France
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Ramar V, Guo S, Hudson B, Liu M. Progress in Glioma Stem Cell Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201528 PMCID: PMC10778204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents a diverse spectrum of primary tumors notorious for their resistance to established therapeutic modalities. Despite aggressive interventions like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, these tumors, due to factors such as the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, glioma stem cells (GSCs), drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, persist beyond complete isolation, resulting in dismal outcomes for glioma patients. Presently, the standard initial approach comprises surgical excision followed by concurrent chemotherapy, where temozolomide (TMZ) serves as the foremost option in managing GBM patients. Subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy follows this regimen. Emerging therapeutic approaches encompass immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted treatments, such as bevacizumab, aiming to exploit vulnerabilities within GBM cells. Nevertheless, there exists a pressing imperative to devise innovative strategies for both diagnosing and treating GBM. This review emphasizes the current knowledge of GSC biology, molecular mechanisms, and associations with various signals and/or pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, HGFR/c-MET, NF-κB, Wnt, Notch, and STAT3 pathways. Metabolic reprogramming in GSCs has also been reported with the prominent activation of the glycolytic pathway, comprising aldehyde dehydrogenase family genes. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches to GSC targets and currently used inhibitors, as well as their mode of action on GSC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanajothi Ramar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;
| | - BreAnna Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (V.R.); (B.H.)
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Xiang Z, Xie Q, Yu Z. Exosomal DNA: Role in Reflecting Tumor Genetic Heterogeneity, Diagnosis, and Disease Monitoring. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:57. [PMID: 38201485 PMCID: PMC10778000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with exosomes at the forefront, are key in transferring cellular information and assorted biological materials, including nucleic acids. While exosomal RNA has been thoroughly examined, exploration into exosomal DNA (exoDNA)-which is stable and promising for cancer diagnostics-lags behind. This hybrid genetic material, combining contributions from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), is rooted in the cytoplasm. The enigmatic process concerning its cytoplasmic encapsulation continues to captivate researchers. Covering the entire genetic landscape, exoDNA encases significant oncogenic alterations in genes like TP53, ALK, and IDH1, which is vital for clinical assessment. This review delves into exosomal origins, the ins and outs of DNA encapsulation, and exoDNA's link to tumor biology, underscoring its superiority to circulating tumor DNA in the biomarker arena for both detection and therapy. Amidst scientific progress, there are complexities in the comprehension and practical application of the exoDNA surface. Reflecting on these nuances, we chart the prospective research terrain and potential pitfalls, forging a path for future inquiry. By illuminating both the known and unknown facets of exoDNA, the objective of this review is to provide guidance to the field of liquid biopsy (LB) while minimizing the occurrence of avoidable blind spots and detours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Qihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
| | - Zili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Zheng L, Luthra R, Alvarez HA, San Lucas FA, Duose DY, Wistuba II, Fuller GN, Ballester LY, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Sweeney KJ, Rashid A, Yang RK, Chen W, Liu A, Wu Y, Albarracin C, Patel KP, Routbort MJ, Sahin AA, Ding Q, Chen H. Intragenic EGFR::EGFR.E1E8 Fusion (EGFRvIII) in 4331 Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 38201434 PMCID: PMC10778229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII, the deletion of exons 2-7) is a recurrent intragenic EGFR::EGFR.E1E8 fusion that occurs in high-grade gliomas. The presence of EGFRvIII in other solid tumors has not been well characterized. We retrospectively reviewed advanced malignant solid tumor cases tested by a custom hybrid capture 610-gene next-generation sequencing platform from 2021 to 2022. EGFRvIII was identified in 17 of 4331 (0.4%) cases, including 16 of 238 (7%) brain tumors and 1/301 (0.3%) breast tumors. EGFRvIII-positive brain tumors were all glioblastoma IDH-wildtype, most with concurrent TERT promoter mutation (14 of 16), EGFR amplification (13 of 16), and EGFR mutation (8 of 16). The only EGFRvIII-positive breast lesion was a sarcomatoid neoplasm in a young female patient. A separate breast case tested outside our institution with reported EGFRvIII was noted in a young female patient with a malignant phyllodes tumor with stromal overgrowth. Microscopically, both EGFRvIII-positive breast tumors showed high-grade sarcomatoid morphology with brisk mitotic activity. In summary, EGFRvIII is rare, occurring primarily in glioblastoma and rarely in breast sarcomatoid neoplasm, with no instances identified in other tumor types in our series. This select group of patients may benefit from chemotherapy and/or targeted anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - Hector A. Alvarez
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - F. Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - Dzifa Y. Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.I.W.)
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (I.I.W.)
| | - Gregory N. Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Leomar Y. Ballester
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Keith J. Sweeney
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Richard K. Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - Audrey Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Constance Albarracin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Keyur P. Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - Mark J. Routbort
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (H.A.A.)
| | - Aysegul A. Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA (Y.W.); (C.A.); (A.A.S.)
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Cook L, Gharzia FG, Bartsch JW, Yildiz D. A jack of all trades - ADAM8 as a signaling hub in inflammation and cancer. FEBS J 2023. [PMID: 38097912 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the family of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAM) ADAM8 is preferentially expressed in lymphatic organs, immune cells, and tumor cells. The substrate spectrum for ADAM8 proteolytic activity is not exclusive but is related to effectors of inflammation and signaling in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, complexes of ADAM8 with extracellular binding partners such as integrin β-1 cause an extensive intracellular signaling in tumor cells, thereby activating kinase pathways with STAT3, ERK1/2, and Akt signaling, which causes increased cell survival and enhanced motility. The cytoplasmic domain of ADAM8 harbors five SRC homology-3 (SH3) domains that can potentially interact with several proteins involved in actin dynamics and cell motility, including Myosin 1F (MYO1F), which is essential for neutrophil motility. The concept of ADAM8 thus involves immune cell recruitment, in most cases leading to an enhancement of inflammatory (asthma, COPD) and tumor (including pancreatic and breast cancers) pathologies. In this review, we report on available studies that qualify ADAM8 as a therapeutic target in different pathologies. As a signaling hub, ADAM8 controls extracellular, intracellular, and intercellular communication, the latter one mainly mediated by the release of extracellular vesicles with ADAM8 as cargo. Here, we will dissect the contribution of different domains to these distinct ways of communication in several pathologies. We conclude that therapeutic targeting attempts for ADAM8 should consider blocking more than a single domain and that this requires a thorough evaluation of potent molecules targeting ADAM8 in an in vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Federico Guillermo Gharzia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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40
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Balachandran AA, Raguraman P, Rahimizadeh K, Veedu RN. Splice-Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Extra- and Intracellular Domains of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3299. [PMID: 38137520 PMCID: PMC10741442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Epidermal growth factor receptor is one of the proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. Antisense oligonucleotides are chemical nucleic acids that bind to target messenger ribonucleic acid and modulate its expression. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotides to target specific exons in the extracellular (exon 3) and intracellular (exon 18, 21) domains of epidermal growth factor receptor. These antisense oligonucleotides were synthesized as 25mer 2'-O methyl phosphorothioate-modified ribonucleic acids that bind to complementary specific regions in respective exons. We found that PNAT524, PNAT525, PNAT576, and PNAT578 effectively skipped exon 3, exon 18, and exon 21 in glioblastoma, liver cancer, and breast cancer cell lines. PNAT578 treatment also skipped partial exon 19, complete exon 20, and partial exon 21 in addition to complete exon 21 skipping. We also found that a cocktail of PNAT576 and PNAT578 antisense oligonucleotides performed better than their individual counterparts. The migration potential of glioblastoma cancer cells was reduced to a greater extent after treatment with these antisense oligonucleotides. We firmly believe that using these splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotides in combination with existing EGFR-targeted therapies could improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilandeswari Ashwini Balachandran
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Prithi Raguraman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kamal Rahimizadeh
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rakesh N. Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Rutkowska A, Strózik T, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Zamerska A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Kowalczyk T, Och W, Szóstak B, Tręda C, Włodarczyk A, Kierasińska-Kałka A, Wasiak T, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E. Immunohistochemical detection of EGFRvIII in glioblastoma - Anti-EGFRvIII antibody validation for diagnostic and CAR-T purposes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149133. [PMID: 37918325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapies such as CAR-T has created a need for reliable, validated methods for detecting EGFRvIII in patient tumor cells. Particularly so since previous studies have already suggested that some anti-EGFRvIII antibodies may be non-specific. The present paper evaluates the use of the L8A4 antibody in the immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) detection of EGFRvIII in 30 glioblastoma specimens, and compares it with other methods such as RT-PCR, MLPA, and FISH. The results indicate that Real-time PCR appears to be a very specific and sensitive method of EGFRvIII detection. ICC analysis with L8A4 also appears specific but requires cell culture. IHC analyses of EGFRvIII returned a number of false positives when using L8A4. Due to the growing need for an effective diagnostic tool before starting immunotherapy methods, such as the CAR-T anti-EGFRvIII or SynNotch CAR-T recognizing EGFRvIII, it is necessary to identify a more reliable and simple method of EGFRvIII detection or improve the specificity of the anti-EGFRvIII antibody, until then, immunocytochemistry may temporarily replace immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Strózik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Zamerska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tamara Kowalczyk
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Błażej Szóstak
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cezary Tręda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska-Kałka
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland.
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Yadav VK, Choudhary N, Gacem A, Verma RK, Abul Hasan M, Tarique Imam M, Almalki ZS, Yadav KK, Park HK, Ghosh T, Kumar P, Patel A, Kalasariya H, Jeon BH, Ali AlMubarak H. Deeper insight into ferroptosis: association with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and brain tumors and their possible treatment by nanomaterials induced ferroptosis. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2269331. [PMID: 38010378 PMCID: PMC11001282 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2269331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging and novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death which is mainly caused by the excessive deposition of free intracellular iron in the brain cells. This deposited free iron exerts a ferroptosis pathway, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LiPr). There are mainly three ferroptosis pathways viz. iron metabolism-mediated cysteine/glutamate, and LiPr-mediated. Iron is required by the brain as a redox metal for several physiological activities. Due to the iron homeostasis balance disruption, the brain gets adversely affected which further causes neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, strokes, and brain tumors like glioblastoma (GBS), and glioma. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of these NDDs. A synergistic effect of nanomaterials and ferroptosis could prove to be an effective and efficient approach in the field of nanomedicine. In the current review, the authors have highlighted all the latest research in the field of ferroptosis, specifically emphasizing on the role of major molecular key players and various mechanisms involved in the ferroptosis pathway. Moreover, here the authors have also addressed the correlation of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of NDDs and theragnostic effect of ferroptosis and nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Mohd Abul Hasan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tathagata Ghosh
- Department of Arts, School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, India
| | - Haresh Kalasariya
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Ali AlMubarak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wu YJ, Lei J, Zhao J, Cao XW, Wang FJ. Design and characterization of a novel tumor-homing cell-penetrating peptide for drug delivery in TGFBR3 high-expressing tumors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1421-1434. [PMID: 37620132 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has attracted more and more attention in cancer treatment in recent years. However, due to the diversity of tumor types and the mutation of target sites on the tumor surface, some existing targets are no longer suitable for tumor therapy. In addition, the long-term administration of a single targeted drug can also lead to drug resistance and attenuate drug potency, so it is important to develop new targets for tumor therapy. The expression of Type III transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFBR3) is upregulated in colon, breast, and prostate cancer cells, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of these cancers, so TGFBR3 may be developed as a novel target for tumor therapy, but so far there is no report on this research. In this study, the structure of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), one of the ligands of TGFBR3 was analyzed through the docking analysis with TGFBR3 and sequence charge characteristic analysis, and a functional tumor-targeting penetrating peptide T3BP was identified. The results of fluorescent labeling experiments showed that T3BP could target and efficiently enter tumor cells with high expression of TGFBR3, especially A549 cells. When the expression of TGFBR3 on the surface of tumor cells (HeLa) was knocked down by RNA interference, the high delivery efficiency of T3BP was correspondingly reduced by 40%, indicating that the delivery was TGFBR3-dependent. Trichosanthin (TCS, a plant-derived ribosome inactivating protein) fused with T3BP can enhance the inhibitory activity of the fusion protein on A549 cells by more than 200 times that of TCS alone. These results indicated that T3BP, as a novel targeting peptide that can efficiently bind TGFBR3 and be used for targeted therapy of tumors with high expression of TGFBR3. This study enriches the supply of tumor-targeting peptides and provides a new potential application option for the treatment of tumors with high expression of TGFBR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd, Dongyang, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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44
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Cui X, Zhao J, Li G, Yang C, Yang S, Zhan Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xiao M, Hong B, Yi K, Tong F, Tan Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Jiang T, Fang C, Kang C. Blockage of EGFR/AKT and mevalonate pathways synergize the antitumor effect of temozolomide by reprogramming energy metabolism in glioblastoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1326-1353. [PMID: 37920878 PMCID: PMC10693308 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism reprogramming plays a vital role in glioblastoma (GBM) progression and recurrence by producing enough energy for highly proliferating tumor cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is crucial for tumor growth and immune-escape mechanisms. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and EGFR-vIII mutation are often detected in GBM cells, contributing to the malignant behavior. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of the EGFR pathway on fatty acid metabolism remodeling and energy generation. METHODS Clinical GBM specimens were selected for single-cell RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. A metabolism-associated RTK-fatty acid-gene signature was constructed and verified. MK-2206 and MK-803 were utilized to block the RTK pathway and mevalonate pathway induced abnormal metabolism. Energy metabolism in GBM with activated EGFR pathway was monitored. The antitumor effect of Osimertinib and Atorvastatin assisted by temozolomide (TMZ) was analyzed by an intracranial tumor model in vivo. RESULTS GBM with high EGFR expression had characteristics of lipid remodeling and maintaining high cholesterol levels, supported by the single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics of clinical GBM samples. Inhibition of the EGFR/AKT and mevalonate pathways could remodel energy metabolism by repressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and modulating ATP production. Mechanistically, the EGFR/AKT pathway upregulated the expressions of acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3 (ACSS3), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 3 (ACSL3), and long-chain fatty acid elongation-related gene ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of the mevalonate pathway reduced the EGFR level on the cell membranes, thereby affecting the signal transduction of the EGFR/AKT pathway. Therefore, targeting the EGFR/AKT and mevalonate pathways enhanced the antitumor effect of TMZ in GBM cells and animal models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings not only uncovered the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in EGFR-activated GBM but also provided a combinatorial therapeutic strategy for clinical GBM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Cui
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP. R. China
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA)BeijingP. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
| | - Shixue Yang
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin UniversityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Menglin Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaodingHebeiP. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of GliomaBaodingHebeiP. R. China
| | - Biao Hong
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Kaikai Yi
- Department of Neuro‐Oncology and NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinP. R. China
| | - Fei Tong
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaodingHebeiP. R. China
- Department of PathologyHebei University School of Basic Medical SciencesBaodingHebeiP. R. China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Huanhu HospitalTianjinP. R. China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP. R. China
- Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA) and Asian Glioma Genome Atlas Network (AGGA)BeijingP. R. China
- Department of Molecular NeuropathologyBeijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingP. R. China
- Research Unit of Accurate Diagnosis, Treatment, and Translational Medicine of Brain TumorsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Hebei UniversityBaodingHebeiP. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of GliomaBaodingHebeiP. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Laboratory of Neuro‐oncologyTianjin Neurological InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuro Injury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemMinistry of Education and Tianjin CityTianjinP. R. China
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Kwon H, Yun M, Kwon TH, Bang M, Lee J, Lee YS, Ko HY, Chong K. Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 3B as a Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarker for Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3168. [PMID: 38137388 PMCID: PMC10741045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a representative malignant brain tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis, with survival rates of less than 2 years and high recurrence rates. Despite surgical resection and several alternative treatments, GBM remains a refractory disease due to its aggressive invasiveness and resistance to anticancer therapy. In this report, we explore the role of fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) and its potential as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in GBM. GBM exhibited a significantly higher cancer-to-normal ratio compared to other organs, and patients with high FNDC3B expression had a poor prognosis (p < 0.01). In vitro studies revealed that silencing FNDC3B significantly reduced the expression of Survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, and also reduced cell migration, invasion, extracellular matrix adhesion ability, and stem cell properties in GBM cells. Furthermore, we identified that FNDC3B regulates PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling in GBM cells using MetaCore integrated pathway bioinformatics analysis and a proteome profiler phospho-kinase array with sequential western blot analysis. Collectively, our findings suggest FNDC3B as a potential biomarker for predicting GBM patient survival and for the development of treatment strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minji Yun
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (M.B.)
| | - Taek-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (T.-H.K.); (Y.S.L.)
| | - Minji Bang
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (M.B.)
| | - Jungsul Lee
- 3billion Inc., 416, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06193, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeo Song Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (T.-H.K.); (Y.S.L.)
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (M.B.)
| | - Kyuha Chong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (M.B.)
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Yin J, Seo Y, Rhim J, Jin X, Kim TH, Kim SS, Hong JH, Gwak HS, Yoo H, Park JB, Kim JH. Cross-talk between PARN and EGFR-STAT3 Signaling Facilitates Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3693-3709. [PMID: 37747775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and displays highly aggressive and heterogeneous phenotypes. The transcription factor STAT3 has been reported to play a key role in glioblastoma malignancy. Thus, discovering targets and functional downstream networks regulated by STAT3 that govern glioblastoma pathogenesis may lead to improved treatment strategies. In this study, we identified that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), a key modulator of RNA metabolism, activates EGFR-STAT3 signaling to support glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Functional integrative analysis of STAT3 found PARN as the top-scoring transcriptional target involved in RNA processing in patients with glioblastoma, and PARN expression was strongly correlated with poor patient survival and elevated malignancy. PARN positively regulated self-renewal and proliferation of GSCs through its 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. EGFR was identified as a clinically relevant target of PARN in GSCs. PARN positively modulated EGFR by negatively regulating the EGFR-targeting miRNA miR-7, and increased EGFR expression created a positive feedback loop to increase STAT3 activation. PARN depletion in GSCs reduced infiltration and prolonged survival in orthotopic brain tumor xenografts; similar results were observed using siRNA nanocapsule-mediated PARN targeting. Pharmacological targeting of STAT3 also confirmed PARN regulation by STAT3 signaling. In sum, these results suggest that a STAT3-PARN regulatory network plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and thus may represent a target for glioblastoma therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE A positive feedback loop comprising PARN and EGFR-STAT3 signaling supports self-renewal and proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells to drive tumor progression and can be targeted in glioblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yoona Seo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiho Rhim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Hong
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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47
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Guo R, Han D, Song X, Gao Y, Li Z, Li X, Yang Z, Xu Z. Context-dependent regulation of Notch signaling in glial development and tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2167. [PMID: 37948517 PMCID: PMC10637744 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, Notch signaling maintains the cortical stem cell pool and regulates the glial cell fate choice and differentiation. However, the function of Notch in regulating glial development and its involvement in tumorigenesis have not been well understood. Here, we show that Notch inactivation by genetic deletion of Rbpj in stem cells decreases astrocytes but increases oligodendrocytes with altered internal states. Inhibiting Notch in glial progenitors does not affect cell generation but instead accelerates the growth of Notch-deprived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OPC-related glioma. We also identified a cross-talk between oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, with premyelinating oligodendrocytes secreting BMP4, which is repressed by Notch, to up-regulate GFAP expression in adjacent astrocytes. Moreover, Notch inactivation in stem cells causes a glioma subtype shift from astroglia-associated to OPC-correlated patterns and vice versa. Our study reveals Notch's context-dependent function, promoting astrocytes and astroglia-associated glioma in stem cells and repressing OPCs and related glioma in glial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosu Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Trivedi R, Bhat KP. Liquid biopsy: creating opportunities in brain space. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1727-1746. [PMID: 37752289 PMCID: PMC10667495 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy facilitates the repetitive collection of diverse cellular and acellular analytes from various biofluids in a non/minimally invasive manner. This strategy is of greater significance for high-grade brain malignancies such as glioblastoma as the quantity and accessibility of tumors are limited, and there are collateral risks of compromised life quality coupled with surgical interventions. Currently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most common biofluids used to collect circulating cells and biomolecules of tumor origin. These liquid biopsy analytes have created opportunities for real-time investigations of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics alterations associated with brain tumors. This review describes different classes of liquid biopsy biomarkers present in the biofluids of brain tumor patients. Moreover, an overview of the liquid biopsy applications, challenges, recent technological advances, and clinical trials in the brain have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Trivedi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Ge M, Zhu Y, Wei M, Piao H, He M. Improving the efficacy of anti-EGFR drugs in GBM: Where we are going? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188996. [PMID: 37805108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The therapies targeting mutations of driver genes in cancer have advanced into clinical trials for a variety of tumors. In glioblastoma (GBM), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most commonly mutated oncogene, and targeting EGFR has been widely investigated as a promising direction. However, the results of EGFR pathway inhibitors have not been satisfactory. Limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, drug resistance, and pathway compensation mechanisms contribute to the failure of anti-EGFR therapies. This review summarizes recent research advances in EGFR-targeted therapy for GBM and provides insight into the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of EGFR-targeted therapy. By combining the results of preclinical studies with those of clinical trials, we discuss that improved drug penetration across the BBB, the use of multi-target combinations, and the development of peptidomimetic drugs under the premise of precision medicine may be promising strategies to overcome drug resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxi Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, China.
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.
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50
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Srivastava R, Dodda M, Zou H, Li X, Hu B. Tumor Niches: Perspectives for Targeted Therapies in Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:904-922. [PMID: 37166370 PMCID: PMC10654996 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival rate of only 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of only 6.8%, remains largely incurable despite the intensive multimodal treatment of surgical resection and radiochemotherapy. Developing effective new therapies is an unmet need for patients with GBM. Recent Advances: Targeted therapies, such as antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy, show great promise in treating GBM based upon increasing knowledge about brain tumor biology. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the plasticity, heterogeneity, and dynamics of tumor cells during GBM development and progression. Critical Issues: While antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy have been highly effective in some types of cancer, the disappointing results from clinical trials represent continued challenges in applying these treatments to GBM. Molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM is developed temporally and spatially, which profoundly contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Future Directions: Deciphering mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and mapping tumor niche trajectories and functions will provide a foundation for the development of more effective therapies for GBM patients. In this review, we discuss five different tumor niches and the intercellular and intracellular communications among these niches, including the perivascular, hypoxic, invasive, immunosuppressive, and glioma-stem cell niches. We also highlight the cellular and molecular biology of these niches and discuss potential strategies to target these tumor niches for GBM therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 904-922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Dodda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Han Zou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Changsha, China
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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