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Yan X, White JC, He E, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhang P, Qiu H. Temporal Dynamics of Copper-Based Nanopesticide Transfer and Subsequent Modulation of the Interplay Between Host and Microbiota Across Trophic Levels. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25552-25564. [PMID: 39171664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
During agricultural production, significant quantities of copper-based nanopesticides (CBNPs) may be released into terrestrial ecosystems through foliar spraying, thereby posing a potential risk of biological transmission via food chains. Consequently, we investigated the trophic transfer of two commonly available commercial CBNPs, Reap2000 (RP) and HolyCu (HC), in a plant-caterpillar terrestrial food chain and evaluated impacts on host microbiota. Upon foliar exposure (with 4 rounds of spraying, totaling 6.0 mg CBNPs per plant), leaf Cu accumulation levels were 726 ± 180 and 571 ± 121 mg kg-1 for RP and HC, respectively. HC exhibited less penetration through the cuticle compared to RP (RP: 55.5%; HC: 32.8%), possibly due to size exclusion limitations. While caterpillars accumulated higher amounts of RP, HC exhibited a slightly higher trophic transfer factor (TTF; RP: 0.69 ± 0.20; HC: 0.74 ± 0.17, p > 0.05) and was more likely to be transferred through the food chain. The application of RP promoted the dispersal of phyllosphere microbes and perturbed the original host intestinal microbiota, whereas the HC group was largely host-modulated (control: 65%; RP: 94%; HC: 34%). Integrating multiomics analyses and modeling approaches, we elucidated two pathways by which plants exert bottom-up control over caterpillar health. Beyond the direct transmission of phyllosphere microbes, the leaf microbiome recruited upon exposure to CBNPs further influenced the ingestion behavior and intestinal microbiota of caterpillars via altered leaf metabolites. Elevated Proteobacteria abundance benefited caterpillar growth with RP, while the reduction of Proteobacteria with HC increased the risk of lipid metabolism issues and gut disease. The recruited Bacteroidota in the RP phyllosphere proliferated more extensively into the caterpillar gut to enhance stress resistance. Overall, the gut microbes reshaped in RP caterpillars exerted a strong regulatory effect on host health. These findings expand our understanding of the dynamic transmission of host-microbiota interactions with foliar CBNPs exposure, and provide critical insight necessary to ensure the safety and sustainability of nanoenabled agricultural strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven06511, Connecticut, United States
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven 3720BA, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2300RA, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhao J, Feng T, An X, Chen X, Han N, Wang J, Chang G, Hou X. Livestock grazing is associated with the gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes in sympatric plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Integr Zool 2024; 19:646-661. [PMID: 37828802 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With the overuse of antibiotics in health care and animal husbandry, antibiotic resistance becomes a serious threat to public health. Antibiotic residues from veterinary medicine have increased the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal gene transfer globally, leading to the enrichment of ARGs in wildlife. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a small herbivore endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies reveal that pika evolves a coprophagy behavior toward cohabitated yak, which makes the pika population a potential reservoir of ARGs. Yet, little is known about the resistome of pika under different grazing intensities. Here, we sampled the cecum content of pika from three different grazing intensity areas in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to evaluate the effect of grazing on its gut microbiota and resistome. By using the 16S full-length amplicon and metagenomic sequencing, our study revealed that livestock grazing significantly altered the gut microbial community of plateau pika as compared to prohibited grazing areas. We found bacterial lineage Prevotellaceae, Lachnospirales, and RF39 increased in grazing areas. Analysis of the resistome revealed that pika from continuous grazing areas enriched a higher abundance of colistin (MCR) and streptogramin (vat) resistance genes. Moreover, we observed significant correlations between the gut microbial community, ARGs, and mobile genetic element profiles, hinting that pika gut microbiota was an important shaping force of the resistome. In future studies, the continuous monitoring of wildlife gut resistome and environmental antibiotic residues is imperative for a better understanding and for tackling the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs across the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei An
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ning Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Wang N, Gao X, Huo Y, Li Y, Cheng F, Zhang Z. Lead exposure aggravates glucose metabolism disorders through gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier damage in high-fat diet-fed mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3057-3068. [PMID: 38057285 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is an ancient toxic metal and is still a major public health issue. Our previous study found that Pb exposure promotes metabolic disorders in obese mice, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study explored the effects of Pb exposure on glucose homeostasis in mice fed a normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) from the perspective of gut microbiota. RESULTS Pb exposure had little effect on glucose metabolism in ND mice, but exacerbated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in HFD mice. Pb exposure impaired intestinal tight junctions and mucin expression in HFD mice, increasing intestinal permeability and inflammation. Moreover, Pb exposure altered the composition and structure of the gut microbiota and decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in HFD mice. Correlation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota and SCFAs were significantly correlated with the gut barrier and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota transplantation from Pb-exposed HFD mice resulted in glucose homeostasis imbalance, intestinal mucosal structural damage and inflammation in recipient mice. However, Pb did not exacerbate the metabolic toxicity in HFD mice under depleted gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that Pb induces impairment of glucose metabolism in HFD mice by perturbing the gut microbiota. Our study offers new perspectives on the mechanisms of metabolic toxicity of heavy metals and demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a target of action for heavy metal exposure. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangru Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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4
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Shousha HI, Ayman H, Hashem MB. Climate Changes and COVID-19. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1458:217-231. [PMID: 39102199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61943-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Climatic change, which influences population growth and land usage, has been theorized to be linked to the emergence and spread of new viruses like the currently unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we explain how climate change may have altered the beginning, transmission, and maybe even the sickness consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Where possible, we also provide mechanistic explanations for how this may have occurred. We have presented evidence that suggests climate change may have had a role in the establishment and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and most possibly even in some of its clinical effects. Human activities bringing people into closer contact with bats and animals like pangolins that potentially represent the intermediate hosts, and evidence that climate-induced changes in vegetation are the main reservoir source of coronaviruses for human infection, are among the explanations. Although there are still unsubstantiated indications that the first viral pathogen may have escaped from a laboratory, it is possible that this encounter took place in the field or in marketplaces in the instance of COVID-19. We also present the argument that climate change is working to enhance transmission between diseased and uninfected humans, and this is true regardless of the source of the original development of the disease. Changes in temperature and humidity make it easier for viruses to survive, and the impacts of industrial pollution induce people to cough and sneeze, which releases highly infectious aerosols into the air. These three factors combine to make this a more likely scenario than it would otherwise be. We suggest that changes in climate are contributing to create conditions that are favorable for the development of more severe symptoms of illness. It is more difficult to build the argument for this circumstance, and much of it is indirect. However, climate change has caused some communities to adjust their nutritional habits, both in terms of the quantity of food they eat and the quality of the foods they consume. The effects frequently become apparent as a result of alterations that are imposed on the microbiome of the gut, which, in turn, influence the types of immune responses that are produced. The incidence of comorbidities like diabetes and animal vectors like bats that transmit other illnesses that modify vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 are also two examples of the factors that have been affected by climate change. In order to curb the development of infectious illnesses caused by new viruses, it is necessary to understand the connection between environmental dynamics and the emergence of new coronaviruses. This knowledge should lead to initiatives aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Ibrahim Shousha
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hedy Ayman
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Hashem
- Faculty of Medicine, Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Dai X, Han YX, Shen QY, Tang H, Cheng LZ, Yang FP, Wei WH, Yang SM. Effect of Food Restriction on Food Grinding in Brandt's Voles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3424. [PMID: 37958179 PMCID: PMC10647212 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food grinding is supposed to be influenced by multiple factors. However, how those factors affecting this behavior remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of food restriction on food grinding in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), as well as the potential role of the gut microbiota in this process, through a comparison of the variations between voles with different food supplies. Food restriction reduced the relative amount of ground food to a greater extent than it lowered the relative food consumption, and altered the abundance of Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, and Un--s-Clostridiaceae bacterium GM1. Fecal acetate content for the 7.5 g-food supply group was lower than that for the 15 g-food supply group. Our study indicated that food restriction could effectively inhibit food grinding. Further, Un--s-Clostridiaceae bacterium GM1 abundance, Aerococcus abundance, and acetate content were strongly related to food grinding. Variations in gut microbial abundance and short-chain fatty acid content induced by food restriction likely promote the inhibition of food grinding. These results could potentially provide guidance for reducing food waste during laboratory rodent maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Yu-Xuan Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Qiu-Yi Shen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Li-Zhi Cheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Feng-Ping Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wan-Hong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.D.); (Y.-X.H.); (Q.-Y.S.); (H.T.); (L.-Z.C.); (F.-P.Y.); (W.-H.W.)
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Williams CE, Williams CL, Logan ML. Climate change is not just global warming: Multidimensional impacts on animal gut microbiota. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1736-1744. [PMID: 37247194 PMCID: PMC10443335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has rapidly altered many ecosystems, with detrimental effects for biodiversity across the globe. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that the microorganisms that live in and on animals can substantially affect host health and physiology, and the structure and function of these microbial communities can be highly sensitive to environmental variables. To date, most studies have focused on the effects of increasing mean temperature on gut microbiota, yet other aspects of climate are also shifting, including temperature variation, seasonal dynamics, precipitation and the frequency of severe weather events. This array of environmental pressures might interact in complex and non-intuitive ways to impact gut microbiota and consequently alter animal fitness. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on animals requires a consideration of multiple types of environmental stressors and their interactive effects on gut microbiota. Here, we present an overview of some of the major findings in research on climatic effects on microbial communities in the animal gut. Although ample evidence has now accumulated that shifts in mean temperature can have important effects on gut microbiota and their hosts, much less work has been conducted on the effects of other climatic variables and their interactions. We provide recommendations for additional research needed to mechanistically link climate change with shifts in animal gut microbiota and host fitness.
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7
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Xu X, Li G, Zhang D, Zhu H, Liu G, Zhang Z. Gut Microbiota is Associated with Aging-Related Processes of a Small Mammal Species under High-Density Crowding Stress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205346. [PMID: 36965140 PMCID: PMC10190659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals frequently encounter high-density crowding stress, which may accelerate their aging processes; however, the roles of gut microbiota in the regulation of aging-related processes under high-density crowding stress remain unclear. In the present study, it is found that high housing density remarkably increases the stress hormone (corticosterone), accelerates aging-related processes as indicated by telomere length (in brain and liver cells) and DNA damage or inflammation (as revealed by tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 levels), and reduces the lifespan of Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Fecal microbiota transplantation from donor voles of habitats with different housing densities induces similar changes in aging-related processes in recipient voles. The elimination of high housing density or butyric acid administration delays the appearance of aging-related markers in the brain and liver cells of voles housed at high-density. This study suggests that gut microorganisms may play a significant role in regulating the density-dependent aging-related processes and subsequent population dynamics of animals, and can be used as potential targets for alleviating stress-related aging in humans exposed to high-density crowding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Da Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Hanyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Guang‐hui Liu
- Institute for Stem cell and RegenerationCASBeijing100049China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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8
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Shang Y, Zhong H, Liu G, Wang X, Wu X, Wei Q, Shi L, Zhang H. Characteristics of Microbiota in Different Segments of the Digestive Tract of Lycodon rufozonatus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040731. [PMID: 36830518 PMCID: PMC9952230 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of animals contains microbiota, forming a complex microecosystem. Gut microbes and their metabolites can regulate the development of host innate and adaptive immune systems. Animal immune systems maintain intestinal symbiotic microbiota homeostasis. However, relatively few studies have been published on reptiles, particularly snakes, and even fewer studies on different parts of the digestive tracts of these animals. Herein, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the microbial community composition and adaptability in the stomach and small and large intestines of Lycodon rufozonatus. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were most abundant in the stomach; Fusobacteria in the small intestine; and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Firmicutes in the large intestine. No dominant genus could be identified in the stomach; however, dominant genera were evident in the small and large intestines. The microbial diversity index was significantly higher in the stomach than in the small and large intestines. Moreover, the influence of the microbial community structure on function was clarified through function prediction. Collectively, the gut microbes in the different segments of the digestive tract revealed the unique features of the L. rufozonatus gut microbiome. Our results provide insights into the co-evolutionary relationship between reptile gut microbiota and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Huaming Zhong
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xibao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qinguo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lupeng Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhu H, Li G, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang Z. Gut microbiota is associated with the effect of photoperiod on seasonal breeding in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). MICROBIOME 2022; 10:194. [PMID: 36376894 PMCID: PMC9664686 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal breeding in mammals has been widely recognized to be regulated by photoperiod, but the association of gut microbiota with photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding has never been investigated. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the association of gut microbiota with photoperiod-induced reproduction in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) through a long-day and short-day photoperiod manipulation experiment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment. We found photoperiod significantly altered reproductive hormone and gene expression levels, and gut microbiota of voles. Specific gut microbes were significantly associated with the reproductive hormones and genes of voles during photoperiod acclimation. Transplantation of gut microbes into recipient voles induced similar changes in three hormones (melatonin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone) and three genes (hypothalamic Kiss-1, testicular Dio3, and Dio2/Dio3 ratio) to those in long-day and short-day photoperiod donor voles and altered circadian rhythm peaks of recipient voles. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly revealed the association of gut microbiota with photoperiodic regulation of seasonal breeding through the HPG axis, melatonin, and Kisspeptin/GPR54 system. Our results may have significant implications for pest control, livestock animal breeding, and human health management. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Varg JE, Outomuro D, Kunce W, Kuehrer L, Svanbäck R, Johansson F. Microplastic exposure across trophic levels: effects on the host-microbiota of freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:36. [PMID: 35794681 PMCID: PMC9258161 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microplastics are a pervasive pollutant widespread in the sea and freshwater from anthropogenic sources, and together with the presence of pesticides, they can have physical and chemical effects on aquatic organisms and on their microbiota. Few studies have explored the combined effects of microplastics and pesticides on the host-microbiome, and more importantly, the effects across multiple trophic levels. In this work, we studied the effects of exposure to microplastics and the pesticide deltamethrin on the diversity and abundance of the host-microbiome across a three-level food chain: daphnids-damselfly-dragonflies. Daphnids were the only organism exposed to 1 µm microplastic beads, and they were fed to damselfly larvae. Those damselfly larvae were exposed to deltamethrin and then fed to the dragonfly larvae. The microbiotas of the daphnids, damselflies, and dragonflies were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to microplastics and deltamethrin had a direct effect on the microbiome of the species exposed to these pollutants. An indirect effect was also found since exposure to the pollutants at lower trophic levels showed carry over effects on the diversity and abundance of the microbiome on higher trophic levels, even though the organisms at these levels where not directly exposed to the pollutants. Moreover, the exposure to deltamethrin on the damselflies negatively affected their survival rate in the presence of the dragonfly predator, but no such effects were found on damselflies fed with daphnids that had been exposed to microplastics. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of evaluating ecotoxicological effects at the community level. Importantly, the indirect exposure to microplastics and pesticides through diet can potentially have bottom-up effects on the trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Edo Varg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Section for Ecology and Biodiversity, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Undervisningsplan 7H, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Outomuro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Warren Kunce
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Kuehrer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Section of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Chen S, Holyoak M, Liu H, Bao H, Ma Y, Dou H, Li G, Roberts NJ, Jiang G. Global warming responses of gut microbiota in moose (
Alces alces
) populations with different dispersal patterns. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chen
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - M. Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California Davis California USA
| | - H. Liu
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- College of Forestry Hainan University Haikou China
| | - H. Bao
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Y. Ma
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - H. Dou
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization Guangdong Academy of Forestry Guangzhou China
| | - G. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - N. J. Roberts
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - G. Jiang
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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12
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Dai X, Chen L, Liu M, Liu Y, Jiang S, Xu T, Wang A, Yang S, Wei W. Effect of 6-Methoxybenzoxazolinone on the Cecal Microbiota of Adult Male Brandt's Vole. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847073. [PMID: 35422782 PMCID: PMC9002351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-microbial effects of plant secondary metabolite (PSM) 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) have been overlooked. This study investigated the effect of 6-MBOA on the cecal microbiota of adult male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), to evaluate its effect on the physiology of mammalian herbivores. The growth of voles was inhibited by 6-MBOA. A low dose of 6-MBOA enhanced the observed species, as well as the Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indices and introduced changes in the structure of cecal microbiota. The abundance of the phylum Tenericutes, classes Mollicutes and Negativicutes, order Selenomonadales, families Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae, genera Quinella, Caproiciproducens, Anaerofilum, Harryflintia, and unidentified Spirochaetaceae in the cecal microbiota was enhanced upon administration of a low dose of 6-MBOA, which also inhibited glucose metabolism and protein digestion and absorption in the cecal microbiota. 6-MBOA treatment also stimulated butyrate production and dose-dependently enhanced the metabolism of xenobiotics in the cecal microbiome. Our findings indicate that 6-MBOA can affect Brandt’s voles by inducing changes in the abundance of cecal bacteria, thereby, altering the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pathway intermediates, ultimately inhibiting the growth of voles. Our research suggests that 6-MBOA could potentially act as a digestion-inhibiting PSM in the interaction between mammalian herbivores and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengyue Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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13
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Zhang XY, Wang DH. Gut Microbial Community and Host Thermoregulation in Small Mammals. Front Physiol 2022; 13:888324. [PMID: 35480035 PMCID: PMC9035535 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.888324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endotherms, particularly the small mammals living in the polar region and temperate zone, are faced with extreme challenges for maintaining stable core body temperatures in harsh cold winter. The non-hibernating small mammals increase metabolic rate including obligatory thermogenesis (basal/resting metabolic rate, BMR/RMR) and regulatory thermogenesis (mainly nonshivering thermogenesis, NST, in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) to maintain thermal homeostasis in cold conditions. A substantial amount of evidence indicates that the symbiotic gut microbiota are sensitive to air temperature, and play an important function in cold-induced thermoregulation, via bacterial metabolites and byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. Cold signal is sensed by specific thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels (thermo-TRPs), and then norepinephrine (NE) is released from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and thyroid hormones also increase to induce NST. Meanwhile, these neurotransmitters and hormones can regulate the diversity and compositions of the gut microbiota. Therefore, cold-induced NST is controlled by both Thermo-TRPs—SNS—gut microbiota axis and thyroid—gut microbiota axis. Besides physiological thermoregulation, small mammals also rely on behavioral regulation, such as huddling and coprophagy, to maintain energy and thermal homeostasis, and the gut microbial community is involved in these processes. The present review summarized the recent progress in the gut microbiota and host physiological and behavioral thermoregulation in small mammals for better understanding the evolution and adaption of holobionts (host and symbiotic microorganism). The coevolution of host-microorganism symbionts promotes individual survival, population maintenance, and species coexistence in the ecosystems with complicated, variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: De-Hua Wang,
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14
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Chen S, Holyoak M, Liu H, Bao H, Ma Y, Dou H, Jiang G. Effects of spatially heterogeneous warming on gut microbiota, nutrition and gene flow of a heat-sensitive ungulate population. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150537. [PMID: 34844317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effects of climate warming on trophic cascades are increasingly reported for large herbivores occupying northern latitudes. During the last 40 years, moose (Alces alces) in northeast China have lost nearly half of their historical distribution through their habitat shifting northwards. There are many possible causes of bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature and for moose in northeast China they are poorly understood. Of particular relevance are the effects of extrinsic environmental factors on gene flow, nutritional adaptions, and gut microbiota that occur as moose populations retreat northwards. We combined molecular biology, nutritional ecology and metagenomics to gain deeper mechanistic insights into the effects of temperature on moose populations. In this study, we revealed that the direction and intensity of gene flow is consistent with global warming driving retreats of moose populations. We interpret this as evidence for the northward movement of moose populations, with cooler northern populations receiving more immigrants and warmer southern populations supplying emigrants. Comparison across latitudes showed that warmer late spring temperatures were associated with plant community composition and facilitated related changes in moose protein and carbohydrate intake through altering forage availability, forage quality and diet composition. Furthermore, these nutrient shifts were accompanied by changes in gut microbial composition and functional pathways related to nutrient metabolism. This study provided insights into mechanisms driving effects of spatial heterogeneous warming on genetic, nutritional and physiological adaptions related to key demographic rates and patterns of survival of heat-sensitive ungulates along a latitude gradient. Understanding such changes helps to identify key habitat areas and plant species to ensure accurate assessment of population status and targeted management of moose populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Heng Bao
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongliang Dou
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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15
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Bai D, Wan X, Li G, Wan X, Guo Y, Shi D, Zhang Z. Factors influencing range contraction of a rodent herbivore in a steppe grassland over the past decades. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8546. [PMID: 35222948 PMCID: PMC8843818 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming and human disturbance are known to be key drivers in causing range contraction of many species, but quantitative assessment on their distinctive and interactive effects on local disappearance is still rare.In this study, we examined the association of climate warming and human disturbance stressors with local disappearance probability of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) in a steppe grassland in northern China.We used logistic generalized additive models to quantify the relationship between local disappearance probability of Brandt's voles and environmental variables. The year following the last observation year was used to estimate the disappearance threshold of Brandt's voles. We projected the distribution change of Brandt's voles under future climate warming scenarios.We found climate warming attributed to local disappearance and range contraction for southern populations of Brandt's voles from 1971 to 2020. Human stressors and high vegetation coverage increased the probability of local disappearance of voles in years of abundant precipitation. The southern boundary retreated northward at a speed of 99.0 km per decade with the temperature rise of 0.36°C. The disappearance threshold of maximum air temperature of Brandt's voles in the warmest month (27.50 ± 1.61°C) was similar to the lower critical temperature of its thermal neutral zone.Our study suggests that the rapid climate change over the past decades contributed to the range contraction of its southern boundary of this keystone species in the steppe grassland of China. It is necessary to take actions to preserve the isolated populations of Brandt's voles from the effects of accelerated climate change and human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinru Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xinrong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongwang Guo
- National Agro‐tech Extension and Service CenterBeijingChina
| | - Dazhao Shi
- College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic InteractionsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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16
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Fan C, Zhang L, Jia S, Tang X, Fu H, Li W, Liu C, Zhang H, Cheng Q, Zhang Y. Seasonal variations in the composition and functional profiles of gut microbiota reflect dietary changes in plateau pikas. Integr Zool 2022; 17:379-395. [PMID: 35051309 PMCID: PMC9305894 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in gut microbiota of small mammals and how it is influenced by environmental variables is relatively poorly understood. We sampled 162 wild plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) in four seasons over two and a half years and recorded the air temperature, precipitation, and nutrient content in edible vegetation at the sampling site. After conducting 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we found that the highest alpha diversity, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and the simplest co-occurrence network occurred in winter, whereas that the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the most complex network structure was observed in spring. The highest relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Spirochaetota were seen in summer and autumn, respectively. Air temperature, precipitation, and the contents of crude protein, crude fiber, and polysaccharide in vegetation had significant effects on the seasonal changes in gut microbiota. Diet contributed more to microbial variation than climatic factors. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the amino acid metabolism pathway and axillary activity enzymes were most abundant in summer, while abundance of carbohydrate-binding modules and carbohydrate esterases were highest in spring. These microbial variations were related to the changes in dietary nutrition, indicating that gut microbiota of plateau pika contribute to the efficient use of food resources. This study provides new evidence of how external environmental factors affect the intestinal environment of small mammals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haibo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Chuanfa Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, 810008, China
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17
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Tang X, Zhang L, Fan C, Wang L, Fu H, Ren S, Shen W, Jia S, Wu G, Zhang Y. Dietary Fiber Influences Bacterial Community Assembly Processes in the Gut Microbiota of Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688554. [PMID: 34956107 PMCID: PMC8693415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that dietary fiber can significantly alter the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community in humans and mammals. However, few researches have been conducted on the dynamics of the bacterial community assembly across different graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions. To address this, 24 Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental chows comprising graded levels of dietary fiber. Results showed that the α-and β-diversity of the bacterial community was significantly different between the cecum and the jejunum. Adding fiber to the chow significantly increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community in the jejunum and cecum, while the β-diversity decreased. The complexity of the bacterial network increased with the increase of dietary fiber in jejunal content samples, while it decreased in cecal content samples. Furthermore, we found that stochastic processes governed the bacterial community assembly of low and medium dietary fiber groups of jejunal content samples, while deterministic processes dominated the high fiber group. In addition, deterministic processes dominated all cecal content samples. Taken together, the variation of gut community composition and structure in response to dietary fiber was distinct in different gut regions, and the dynamics of bacterial community assembly across the graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions was also distinct. These findings enhanced our knowledge on the bacterial community assembly processes in gut ecosystems of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haibo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi'en Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shen
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
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18
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Gupta S, Rouse BT, Sarangi PP. Did Climate Change Influence the Emergence, Transmission, and Expression of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:769208. [PMID: 34957147 PMCID: PMC8694059 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.769208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human race has survived many epidemics and pandemics that have emerged and reemerged throughout history. The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is the latest pandemic and this has caused major health and socioeconomic problems in almost all communities of the world. The origin of the virus is still in dispute but most likely, the virus emerged from the bats and also may involve an intermediate host before affecting humans. Several other factors also may have affected the emergence and outcome of the infection but in this review, we make a case for a possible role of climate change. The rise in industrialization-related human activities has created a marked imbalance in the homeostasis of environmental factors such as temperature and other weather and these might even have imposed conditions for the emergence of future coronavirus cycles. An attempt is made in this review to explore the effect of ongoing climate changes and discuss if these changes had a role in facilitating the emergence, transmission, and even the expression of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surmise that pandemics will be more frequent in the future and more severely impactful unless climate changes are mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Pranita P. Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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19
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Kumari M, Singh P, Nataraj BH, Kokkiligadda A, Naithani H, Azmal Ali S, Behare PV, Nagpal R. Fostering next-generation probiotics in human gut by targeted dietary modulation: An emerging perspective. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110716. [PMID: 34865747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence and an in-depth understanding of the microbiome have helped in identifying beneficial commensals and their therapeutic potentials. Specific commensal taxa/ strains of the human gut microbiome have been positively associated with human health and recently termed as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Of these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Roseburia intestinalis are the five most relevant gut-derived NGPs that have demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing metabolic diseases. Specific and natural dietary interventions can modulate the abundance and activity of these beneficial bacteria in the gut. Hence, the understanding of targeted stimulation of specific NGP by specific probiotic-targeted diets (PTD) is indispensable for the rational application of their combination. The supplementation of NGP with its specific PTD will help the strain(s) to compete with harmful microbes and acquire its niche. This combination would enhance the effectiveness of NGPs to be used as "live biotherapeutic products" or food nutraceuticals. Under the current milieu, we review various PTDs that influence the abundance of specific potential NGPs, and contemplates potential interactions between diet, microbes, and their effects on host health. Taking into account the study mentioned, we propose that combining NGPs will provide an alternate solution for developing the new diet in conjunction with PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anusha Kokkiligadda
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Harshita Naithani
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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20
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Liu J, Huang S, Zhang X, Li G, Batsuren E, Lu W, Xu X, He C, Song Y, Zhang Z. Gut microbiota reflect the crowding stress of space shortage, physical and non-physical contact in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Microbiol Res 2021; 255:126928. [PMID: 34883384 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Density-dependence plays a critical role in behavior and population regulation of small mammals, which is likely mediated by hormones and gut microbiota. High density-induced crowding effects often cause a combination of various social stresses including space shortage, physical contact and non-physical contact, but their distinct effects on gut microbiota in animals have not been investigated. In this study, we examined the crowding effects of space shortage and physical or non-physical contact stress on serum corticosterone and gut microbiota of Brandt's voles in both laboratory and field conditions. Our results demonstrated that the space shortage stress showed a more predominant impact on serum corticosterone and gut microbiota of voles than physical or non-physical contact stress; the crowding effects of non-physical contact stress became stronger in high density conditions, while physical contact stress was stronger in a larger group without density effects. High density or group size treatments under both laboratory and semi-natural enclosure conditions significantly increased the relative abundance of key differential taxa, including Bacteroidetes, TM7, S24_7, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus; while high density or group size treatments decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Staphylococcaceae, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Adlercreutzia. Our study suggests that high density-induced space shortage and physical contact or non-physical contact stress may play a significant role in behavior and population regulation through altering gut microbiota in small mammals. Our results may also have significant implications in rodent control or health management for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Erdenetuya Batsuren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiran Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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21
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The Role Transition of Dietary Species Richness in Modulating the Gut Microbial Assembly and Postweaning Performance of a Generalist Herbivore. mSystems 2021; 6:e0097921. [PMID: 34726492 PMCID: PMC8562480 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00979-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
When facing a food shortage, generalist herbivores can respond by expanding their dietary species richness (DSR) to maximize energy collection, regardless of whether forages are preferred or not. Higher DSR usually indicates higher nutrient adequacy and better health. However, the high-DSR diet containing a large proportion of preferred species or a large proportion of less-preferred species means different things to an animal. It is still unknown how different shift patterns in DSR would affect distinctly the performance of animals via altering gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbial composition, diversity, community assembly processes, and performance of a generalist herbivore, Lasiopodomys brandtii, in a feeding experiment with increased levels of simulated DSR shifting from preferred plant species to less preferred ones. We found the survival rate and body growth of Brandt's voles showed a dome-shaped association with DSR: species performance increased initially with the increase of preferred plant species but declined with the increase of less-preferred food items. Several microbial taxa and functions closely related to the metabolism of amino acids and short-chain fatty acids also showed a dome-shaped association with DSR, which is consistent with the observation of performance change. However, the alpha diversities of gut microbiota increased linearly with DSR. The null model and phylogenetic analysis suggested that stochastic processes dominate at low DSR diets, whereas deterministic processes prevail at high DSR diets. These results suggest that the role of DSR in regulating animal performance by gut microbiota depends on the number of preferred forage items. IMPORTANCE The plant species diversity varies greatly under the influence of both climate change and human disturbance, which may negatively affect the productivity as well as the variability of organisms (e.g., small herbivores) at the next trophic level. It is still unknown how gut microbiota of small herbivores respond to such changes in dietary species richness. Our manipulative food experiment revealed that dietary species richness can affect the composition, functions, and community assembly of gut microbiota of Brandt's vole in a nonlinear way. Given the fast-growing interest in therapeutic diets to treat dysbiosis and to improve health conditions, our study highlights the need to consider not just the variety of consumed food but also the principles of rational nutrition.
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22
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Timing outweighs magnitude of rainfall in shaping population dynamics of a small mammal species in steppe grassland. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023691118. [PMID: 34649988 PMCID: PMC8545474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023691118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the effects of rainfall timing and magnitude on animal and plant populations is essential to reveal the biological consequence of diverse climate change scenarios around the world. We conducted a 10-y, large-scale, manipulative experiment to examine the bottom-up effects of changes in rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Brandt’s voles in the steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China. We found that a moderate rainfall increase during the early growing season could produce marked increases in vole population size by increasing the biomass of preferred plant species, whereas large increases in rainfall produced no additional increase in vole population growth. Our study highlights the importance of rainfall magnitude and timing on the nonlinear population dynamics of herbivores. Climate change–induced shifts in species phenology differ widely across trophic levels, which may lead to consumer–resource mismatches with cascading population and ecosystem consequences. Here, we examined the effects of different rainfall patterns (i.e., timing and amount) on the phenological asynchrony of population of a generalist herbivore and their food sources in semiarid steppe grassland in Inner Mongolia. We conducted a 10-y (2010 to 2019) rainfall manipulation experiment in 12 0.48-ha field enclosures and found that moderate rainfall increases during the early rather than late growing season advanced the timing of peak reproduction and drove marked increases in population size through increasing the biomass of preferred plant species. By contrast, greatly increased rainfall produced no further increases in vole population growth due to the potential negative effect of the flooding of burrows. The increases in vole population size were more coupled with increased reproduction of overwintered voles and increased body mass of young-of-year than with better survival. Our results provide experimental evidence for the fitness consequences of phenological mismatches at the population level and highlight the importance of rainfall timing on the population dynamics of small herbivores in the steppe grassland environment.
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Wang Y, Smith HK, Goossens E, Hertzog L, Bletz MC, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Lens L, Vences M, Pasmans F, Martel A. Diet diversity and environment determine the intestinal microbiome and bacterial pathogen load of fire salamanders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20493. [PMID: 34650115 PMCID: PMC8516891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse communities of symbiotic microbes inhabit the digestive systems of vertebrates and play a crucial role in animal health, and host diet plays a major role in shaping the composition and diversity of these communities. Here, we characterized diet and gut microbiome of fire salamander populations from three Belgian forests. We carried out DNA metabarcoding on fecal samples, targeting eukaryotic 18S rRNA of potential dietary prey items, and bacterial 16S rRNA of the concomitant gut microbiome. Our results demonstrated an abundance of soft-bodied prey in the diet of fire salamanders, and a significant difference in the diet composition between males and females. This sex-dependent effect on diet was also reflected in the gut microbiome diversity, which is higher in males than female animals. Proximity to human activities was associated with increased intestinal pathogen loads. Collectively, the data supports a relationship between diet, environment and intestinal microbiome in fire salamanders, with potential health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hannah K. Smith
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lionel Hertzog
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,Thünen Institute for Biodiversity, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Molly C. Bletz
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Evolutionary Biology Lab, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dries Bonte
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsberge Steenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miguel Vences
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Evolutionary Biology Lab, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Frank Pasmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology & Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Environment-Dependent Variation in Gut Microbiota of an Oviparous Lizard ( Calotes versicolor). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082461. [PMID: 34438918 PMCID: PMC8388656 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The different gut sections potentially provide different habitats for gut microbiota. We found that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the three primary phyla in gut microbiota of C. versicolor. The relative abundance of dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes exhibited an increasing trend from the small intestine to the large intestine, and there was a higher abundance of genus Bacteroides (Class: Bacteroidia), Coprobacillus and Eubacterium (Class: Erysipelotrichia), Parabacteroides (Family: Porphyromonadaceae) and Ruminococcus (Family: Lachnospiraceae), and Family Odoribacteraceae and Rikenellaceae in the hindgut, and some metabolic pathways were higher in the hindgut. Our results reveal the variations of gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathways in different parts of the lizards’ intestine. Abstract Vertebrates maintain complex symbiotic relationships with microbiota living within their gastrointestinal tracts which reflects the ecological and evolutionary relationship between hosts and their gut microbiota. However, this understanding is limited in lizards and the spatial heterogeneity and co-occurrence patterns of gut microbiota inside the gastrointestinal tracts of a host and variations of microbial community among samples remain poorly understood. To address this issue and provide a guide for gut microbiota sampling from lizards, we investigated the bacteria in three gut locations of the oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) and the data were analyzed for bacterial composition by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. We found the relative abundance of the dominant phyla exhibited an increasing trend from the small intestine to the large intestine, and phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the three primary phyla in the gut microbiota of C. versicolor. There were a higher abundance of genus Bacteroides (Class: Bacteroidia), Coprobacillus and Eubacterium (Class: Erysipelotrichia), Parabacteroides (Family: Porphyromonadaceae) and Ruminococcus (Family: Lachnospiraceae), and Family Odoribacteraceae and Rikenellaceae in the sample from the hindgut. The secondary bile acid biosynthesis, glycosaminoglycan degradation, sphingolipid metabolism and lysosome were significantly higher in the hindgut than that in the small intestine. Taken together our results indicate variations of gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathway in different parts of the oriental garden lizard.
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Wang Z, He Y, Wang C, Ao H, Tan Z, Xing K. Variations in Microbial Diversity and Metabolite Profiles of Female Landrace Finishing Pigs With Distinct Feed Efficiency. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:702931. [PMID: 34307537 PMCID: PMC8299115 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.702931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance pig production, feed efficiency (FE) should be improved; however, the mechanisms by which gut microbes affect FE in pigs have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the differences between the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota associated with low and high FE, microbial compositions were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, functional annotations were performed by shotgun metagenomics, and metabolomic profiles were created by GC-TOF-MS from female Landrace finishing pigs with low and high feed conversion ratios (FCRs). Lactobacillus was enriched in the gut microbiota of individuals with low FCRs (and thus high FE), while Prevotella abundance was significantly higher in individuals with high FCRs (and thus low FE). This may be linked to carbohydrate consumption and incomplete digestion. The activity of pathways involved in the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins was greater in pigs with lower FE. We also identified differences in pyruvate-related metabolism, including phenylalanine and lysine metabolism. This suggests that pyruvate metabolism is closely related to microbial fermentation in the colon, which in turn affects glycolysis. This study deepens our understanding of how gut microbiota are related to pig growth traits, and how regulating microbial composition could aid in improving porcine FE. However, these results need to be validated using a larger pig cohort in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingzhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chuduan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Xu X, Zhang Z. Sex- and age-specific variation of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11434. [PMID: 34164232 PMCID: PMC8194415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota plays a key role in the survival and reproduction of wild animals which rely on microbiota to break down plant compounds for nutrients. As compared to laboratory animals, wild animals face much more threat of environmental changes (e.g. food shortages and risk of infection). Therefore, studying the gut microbiota of wild animals can help us better understand the mechanisms animals use to adapt to their environment. Methods We collected the feces of Brandt’s voles in the grassland, of three age groups (juvenile, adult and old), in both sexes. We studied the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results The main members of gut microbiota in Brandt’s voles were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. As voles get older, the proportion of Firmicutes increased gradually, and the proportion of Bacteroides decreased gradually. The diversity of the microbiota of juveniles is lower, seems like there is still a lot of space for colonization, and there are large variations in the composition of the microbiome between individuals. In adulthood, the gut microbiota tends to be stable, and the diversity is highest. In adult, the abundances of Christensenellaceae and Peptococcus of female were significantly higher than male voles. Conclusions The gut microbiota of Brandt’s vole was influenced by sex and age, probably due to growth needs and hormone levels. Gut microbiota of wild animals were much influenced by their life-history reflected by their age and sex. Future studies will be directed to identify functions of these “wild microbiota” in regulating physiological or behavioral processes of wild animals in different life stage or sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
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