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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. Interactions between Dietary Antioxidants, Dietary Fiber and the Gut Microbiome: Their Putative Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8250. [PMID: 39125822 PMCID: PMC11311432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases underscores the significance of developing strategies to modulate the GI microbiota for promoting human health. The administration of probiotics and prebiotics represents a good strategy that enhances the population of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal lumen post-consumption, which has a positive impact on human health. In addition, dietary fibers serve as a significant energy source for bacteria inhabiting the cecum and colon. Research articles and reviews sourced from various global databases were systematically analyzed using specific phrases and keywords to investigate these relationships. There is a clear association between dietary fiber intake and improved colon function, gut motility, and reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Moreover, the state of health is reflected in the reciprocal and bidirectional relationships among food, dietary antioxidants, inflammation, and body composition. They are known for their antioxidant properties and their ability to inhibit angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation. Additionally, they promote cell survival, modulate immune and inflammatory responses, and inactivate pro-carcinogens. These actions collectively contribute to their role in cancer prevention. In different investigations, antioxidant supplements containing vitamins have been shown to lower the risk of specific cancer types. In contrast, some evidence suggests that taking antioxidant supplements can increase the risk of developing cancer. Ultimately, collaborative efforts among immunologists, clinicians, nutritionists, and dietitians are imperative for designing well-structured nutritional trials to corroborate the clinical efficacy of dietary therapy in managing inflammation and preventing carcinogenesis. This review seeks to explore the interrelationships among dietary antioxidants, dietary fiber, and the gut microbiome, with a particular focus on their potential implications in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Fan S, Xue B, Ma J. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39013. [PMID: 39029004 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). GM was used as an exposure factor, and instrumental variables were determined from the GWAS of 18,340 participants. GWAS of IPF (including 1028 IPF patients and 196,986 controls) from the FinnGen was used as the outcome factor. The primary analysis method is the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, and sensitivity analysis was used to validate the reliability. Family Bacteroidaceae (OR = 1.917 95% CI = 1.083-3.393, P = .026), order Gastranaerophilales (OR = 1.441 95% CI = 1.019-2.036, P = .039), genus Senegalimassilia (OR = 2.28 95% CI = 1.174-4.427, P = .015), phylum Cyanobacteria (OR = 1.631 95% CI = 1.035-2.571, P = .035) were positively correlated with IPF. FamilyXIII(OR = 0.452 95% CI = 0.249-0.82, P = .009), order Selenomonadale (OR = 0.563 95% CI = 0.337-0.941, P = .029), genus Veillonella (OR = 0.546 95% CI = 0.304-0.982, P = .043) (OR = 0.717 95% CI = 0.527-0.976, P = .034), genus Ruminococcusgnavus (OR = 0.717 95% CI = 0.527-0.976, P = .034), genus Oscillibacter (OR = 0.571 95% CI = 0.405-0.806, P = .001) was negatively correlated with IPF. Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity (P > .05). The results of MR demonstrated a causal relationship between GM and IPF. Further studies are needed to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of the GM in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Fan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baorui Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Van Hul M, Neyrinck AM, Everard A, Abot A, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM, Knauf C, Cani PD. Role of the intestinal microbiota in contributing to weight disorders and associated comorbidities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0004523. [PMID: 38940505 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe gut microbiota is a major factor contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis and has been linked to both excessive body weight and accumulation of fat mass (i.e., overweight, obesity) or body weight loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, and fat depletion (i.e., cachexia). These syndromes are characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions including abnormal regulation of food reward and intake, energy storage, and low-grade inflammation. Given the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity, cachexia, and associated metabolic disorders, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Among the different mechanisms explaining how the gut microbiota is capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between nutrition, gut microbes, and their metabolites. In this review, we discuss how gut microbes and different microbiota-derived metabolites regulate host metabolism. We describe the role of the gut barrier function in the onset of inflammation in this context. We explore the importance of the gut-to-brain axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism but also the key role played by the liver. Finally, we present specific key examples of how using targeted approaches such as prebiotics and probiotics might affect specific metabolites, their signaling pathways, and their interactions with the host and reflect on the challenges to move from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | - Laure B Bindels
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- NeuroMicrobiota, International Research Program (IRP) INSERM/UCLouvain, France/Belgium
- UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomics-driven discovery of therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:781-793. [PMID: 38644205 PMCID: PMC11154780 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a devastating metabolic syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle wasting and body weight loss, posing a significant burden on the health and survival of cancer patients. Despite ongoing efforts, effective treatments for CC are still lacking. Metabolomics, an advanced omics technique, offers a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites involved in cellular metabolism. In CC research, metabolomics has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying diagnostic biomarkers, unravelling molecular mechanisms and discovering potential therapeutic targets. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented to retrieve relevant articles from primary databases, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, for CC and metabolomics. Recent advancements in metabolomics have deepened our understanding of CC by uncovering key metabolic signatures and elucidating underlying mechanisms. By targeting crucial metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, steroid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, it becomes possible to restore metabolic balance and alleviate CC symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of metabolomics studies in CC, focusing on the discovery of potential therapeutic targets and the evaluation of modulating specific metabolic pathways for CC treatment. By harnessing the insights derived from metabolomics, novel interventions for CC can be developed, leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and PharmacyXuchang UniversityXuchangChina
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central HospitalXuchangChina
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and HealthXiamen University of TechnologyXiamenChina
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Muñoz-Fernandez SS, Garcez FB, Alencar JCG, Bastos AA, Morley JE, Cederholm T, Aprahamian I, de Souza HP, Avelino-Silva TJ, Bindels LB, Ribeiro SML. Gut microbiota disturbances in hospitalized older adults with malnutrition and clinical outcomes. Nutrition 2024; 122:112369. [PMID: 38422755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malnutrition is one of the most threatening conditions in geriatric populations. The gut microbiota has an important role in the host's metabolic and muscular health: however, its interplay with disease-related malnutrition is not well understood. We aimed to identify the association of malnutrition with the gut microbiota and predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized acutely ill older adults. METHODS We performed a secondary longitudinal analysis in 108 geriatric patients from a prospective cohort evaluated at admission and 72 h of hospitalization. We collected clinical, demographic, nutritional, and 16S rRNA gene-sequenced gut microbiota data. Microbiota diversity, overall composition, and differential abundance were calculated and compared between patients with and without malnutrition. Microbiota features associated with malnutrition were used to predict clinical outcomes. RESULTS Patients with malnutrition (51%) had a different microbiota composition compared to those who were well-nourished during hospitalization (ANOSIM R = 0.079, P = 0.003). Patients with severe malnutrition showed poorer α-diversity at admission (Shannon P = 0.012, Simpson P = 0.018) and follow-up (Shannon P = 0.023, Chao1 P = 0.008). Differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Subdoligranulum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were significantly lower and inversely associated with malnutrition, while Corynebacterium, Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis, and Fusobacterium were significantly increased and positively associated with malnutrition. Corynebacterium, Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis, and the overall composition were important predictors of critical care in patients with malnutrition during hospitalization. CONCLUSION Older adults with malnutrition, especially in a severe stage, may be subject to substantial gut microbial disturbances during hospitalization. The gut microbiota profile of patients with malnutrition might help us to predict worse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S Muñoz-Fernandez
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flavia B Garcez
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM 66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Julio C G Alencar
- Disciplina de Emergencias Clínicas, Departamento de Clínica Medica, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amália A Bastos
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Jundiaí Medical School, Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Jundiaí, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo P de Souza
- Disciplina de Emergencias Clínicas, Departamento de Clínica Medica, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Avelino-Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM 66), Servico de Geriatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra M L Ribeiro
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Arts, Science, and Humanity, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Teixeira M, Silva F, Ferreira RM, Pereira T, Figueiredo C, Oliveira HP. A review of machine learning methods for cancer characterization from microbiome data. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:123. [PMID: 38816569 PMCID: PMC11139966 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the microbiome can impact cancer development, progression, and response to therapies suggesting microbiome-based approaches for cancer characterization. As cancer-related signatures are complex and implicate many taxa, their discovery often requires Machine Learning approaches. This review discusses Machine Learning methods for cancer characterization from microbiome data. It focuses on the implications of choices undertaken during sample collection, feature selection and pre-processing. It also discusses ML model selection, guiding how to choose an ML model, and model validation. Finally, it enumerates current limitations and how these may be surpassed. Proposed methods, often based on Random Forests, show promising results, however insufficient for widespread clinical usage. Studies often report conflicting results mainly due to ML models with poor generalizability. We expect that evaluating models with expanded, hold-out datasets, removing technical artifacts, exploring representations of the microbiome other than taxonomical profiles, leveraging advances in deep learning, and developing ML models better adapted to the characteristics of microbiome data will improve the performance and generalizability of models and enable their usage in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Teixeira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Silva
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder P Oliveira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Arends J. Malnutrition in cancer patients: Causes, consequences and treatment options. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:107074. [PMID: 37783594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are at a high risk of malnutrition and disease-associated catabolic derangements. It is important to differentiate between 'simple' - voluntary or involuntary - caloric restriction with protein-sparing ketogenic metabolic adaptation and cachexia, characterized by the combination of weight loss and dysmetabolism, most prominently systemic inflammation. While both conditions result in the sacrifice of fat and protein stores and thus impact on treatment tolerance, complication rates and survival, the presence of metabolic derangements is especially dangerous by straining multiple organ functions. To avoid underdiagnosing and undertreating malnutrition, all cancer patients should be routinely screened for nutritional risk. At-risk patients require comprehensive assessment for contributing and treatable causes and, if available, multi-professional efforts to improve food intake, support anabolism, alleviate distress and antagonize pro-inflammatory processes. In curative settings, anabolic support should accompany or even precede anticancer treatments. Prehabilitation before major surgery, has been studied extensively, including muscle training as well as nutritional and/or psychological support. Recent meta-analyses report a consistent benefit on functional capacity and possible improvement in postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. In palliative settings, prevailing catabolic derangements require careful assessment of the individual constellation of disturbed functions and an empathic evaluation of benefits and risks of nutritional interventions. This is of special relevance in patients with an expected survival of less than a few months. Due to the complex interactions of mechanical, metabolic and psychological factors, multi-professional teams should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Arends
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
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Byerley LO, Lorenzen B, Chang HM, Hartman WG, Keenan MJ, Page R, Luo M, Dowd SE, Taylor CM. Gut Microbial Dysbiosis Differs in Two Distinct Cachectic Tumor-Bearing Models Consuming the Same Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1076. [PMID: 38613109 PMCID: PMC11013133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of cancer cachexia on the colonic microbiota is poorly characterized. This study assessed the effect of two cachectic-producing tumor types on the gut microbiota to determine if a similar dysbiosis could be found. In addition, it was determined if a diet containing an immunonutrient-rich food (walnuts) known to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon could alter the dysbiosis and slow cachexia. Male Fisher 344 rats were randomly assigned to a semi-purified diet with or without walnuts. Then, within each diet group, rats were further assigned randomly to a treatment group: tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (TB), non-tumor-bearing ad libitum fed (NTB-AL), and non-tumor-bearing group pair-fed to the TB (NTB-PF). The TB group was implanted either with the Ward colon carcinoma or MCA-induced sarcoma, both transplantable tumor lines. Fecal samples were collected after the development of cachexia, and bacteria species were identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Both TB groups developed cachexia but had a differently altered gut microbiome. Beta diversity was unaffected by treatment (NTB-AL, TB, and NTB-PF) regardless of tumor type but was affected by diet. Also, diet consistently changed the relative abundance of several bacteria taxa, while treatment and tumor type did not. The control diet increased the abundance of A. Anaeroplasma, while the walnut diet increased the genus Ruminococcus. There were no common fecal bacterial changes characteristic of cachexia found. Diet consistently changed the gut microbiota, but these changes were insufficient to slow the progression of cachexia, suggesting cancer cachexia is more complex than a few gut microbiota shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri O. Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Brittany Lorenzen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hsiao-Man Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - William G. Hartman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA (H.-M.C.)
| | - Michael J. Keenan
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Ryan Page
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, 297 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.J.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Scot E. Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd., Shallowater, TX 79363, USA;
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.L.); (C.M.T.)
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9
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Wu Q, Liu Z, Li B, Liu YE, Wang P. Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia. J Adv Res 2024; 58:45-62. [PMID: 37150253 PMCID: PMC10982873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ disorder associated with progressive weight loss due to a variable combination of anorexia, systemic inflammation and excessive energy wasting. Considering the importance of immunoregulation in cachexia, it still lacks a complete understanding of the immunological mechanisms in cachectic progression. AIM OF REVIEW Our aim here is to describe the complex immunoregulatory system in cachexia. We summarize the effects and translational potential of the immune system on the development of cancer-associated cachexia and we attempt to conclude with thoughts on precise and integrated therapeutic strategies under the complex immunological context of cachexia. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three main key concepts. First, we highlight the inflammatory factors and additional mediators that have been identified to modulate this syndrome. Second, we decipher the potential role of immune checkpoints in tissue wasting. Third, we discuss the multilayered insights in cachexia through the immunometabolic axis, immune-gut axis and immune-nerve axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-E Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
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Chen S, Jiao Y, Han Y, Zhang J, Deng Y, Yu Z, Wang J, He S, Cai W, Xu J. Edible traditional Chinese medicines improve type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiotal metabolites. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:393-411. [PMID: 38227209 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Despite the availability of various oral medications for controlling the condition, reports of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes persist, possibly involving unknown pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the gut microbiota have emerged as a highly promising target for T2DM treatment, with the metabolites produced by gut microbiota serving as crucial intermediaries connecting gut microbiota and strongly related to T2DM. Increasingly, traditional Chinese medicine is being considered to target the gut microbiota for T2DM treatment, and many of them are edible. In studies conducted on animal models, edible traditional Chinese medicine have been shown to primarily alter three significant gut microbiotal metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These metabolites play crucial roles in alleviating T2DM by improving glucose metabolism and reducing inflammation. This review primarily summarizes twelve edible traditional Chinese medicines that improve T2DM by modulating the aforementioned three gut microbiotal metabolites, along with potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and also incorporation of edible traditional Chinese medicines into the diets of T2DM patients and combined use with probiotics for treating T2DM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiqiao Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiyang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Kong Y, Liu S, Wang X, Qie R. Associations between gut microbiota and gynecological cancers: A bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37628. [PMID: 38552081 PMCID: PMC10977594 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that gut microbiota is associated with gynecologic cancers. However, whether there is a causal relationship between these associations remains to be determined. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) evaluation was carried out to investigate the mechanism associating gut microbiota and 3 prevalent gynecological cancers, ovarian cancer (OC), endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer as well as their subtypes in individuals of European ancestry. The Genome-wide association studies statistics, which are publically accessible, were used. Eligible instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms that were significantly related to the gut microbiota were selected. Multiple MR analysis approaches were carried out, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, Weighted Median methods, and a range of sensitivity analyses. Lastly, we undertook a reverse MR analysis to evaluate the potential of reverse causality. We sifted through 196 bacterial taxa and identified 33 suggestive causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and gynecological cancers. We found that 11 of these genera could be pathogenic risk factors for gynecological cancers, while 19 could lessen the risk of cancer. In the other direction, gynecological cancers altered gut microbiota composition. Our MR analysis revealed that the gut microbiota was causally associated with OC, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. This may assist in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of microbiota-mediated gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Kong
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shaoxuan Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Qie
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Xu C, Hao M, Zai X, Song J, Huang Y, Gui S, Chen J. A new perspective on gut-lung axis affected through resident microbiome and their implications on immune response in respiratory diseases. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:107. [PMID: 38368569 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The highly diverse microbial ecosystem of the human body colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has a profound impact on the host's immune, metabolic, endocrine, and other physiological processes, which are all interconnected. Specifically, gut microbiota has been found to play a crucial role in facilitating the adaptation and initiation of immune regulatory response through the gastrointestinal tract affecting the other distal mucosal sites such as lungs. A tightly regulated lung-gut axis during respiratory ailments may influence the various molecular patterns that instructs priming the disease severity to dysregulate the normal function. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current research on gut microbiota dysbiosis in respiratory diseases including asthma, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, COPD during infections and cancer. A complex-interaction among gut microbiome, associated metabolites, cytokines, and chemokines regulates the protective immune response activating the mucosal humoral and cellular response. This potential mechanism bridges the regulation patterns through the gut-lung axis. This paper aims to advance the understanding of the crosstalk of gut-lung microbiome during infection, could lead to strategize to modulate the gut microbiome as a treatment plan to improve bad prognosis in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohu Zai
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Song
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- A. P. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China.
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Li L, Zhong H, Wang Y, Pan Z, Xu S, Li S, Zeng G, Zhang W, Li J, He L. Exploring the relationship between intestinal microbiota and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: insights from the "lung and large intestine stand in exterior-interior relationship" theory. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1341032. [PMID: 38415012 PMCID: PMC10898591 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1341032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aim to discern the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome classifications relevant to immunotherapy sensitive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and to delineate intestinal microbiota biomarkers and impact that wield influence over the efficacy of NSCLC immunotherapy, grounded in the TCM theory of "lung and large intestine stand in exterior-interior relationship." Methods The study cohort consisted of patients with advanced NSCLC who received treatment at the Oncology Department of Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital. These patients were categorized into distinct TCM syndrome types and subsequently administered immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically PD-1 inhibitors. Stool specimens were collected from patients both prior to and following treatment. To scrutinize the differences in microbial gene sequences and species of the intestinal microbiota, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology was employed. Additionally, peripheral blood samples were collected, and the analysis encompassed the assessment of T lymphocyte subsets and myeloid suppressor cell subsets via flow cytometry. Subsequently, alterations in the immune microenvironment pre- and post-treatment were thoroughly analyzed. Results The predominant clinical manifestations of advanced NSCLC patients encompassed spleen-lung Qi deficiency syndrome and Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome. Notably, the latter exhibited enhanced responsiveness to ICIs with a discernible amelioration of the immune microenvironment. Following ICIs treatment, significant variations in microbial abundance were identified among the three strains: Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospirales, with a mutual dependency relationship. In the subset of patients manifesting positive PD-L1 expression and enduring therapeutic benefits, the study recorded marked increases in the ratios of CD3+%, CD4+%, and CD4+/CD8+ within the T lymphocyte subsets. Conversely, reductions were observed in the ratios of CD8%, Treg/CD4+, M-MDSC/MDSC, and G-MDSC/MDSC. Conclusion The strains Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospirales emerge as potential biomarkers denoting the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the NSCLC therapy. The immunotherapy efficacy of ICIs markedly accentuates in patients displaying durable treatment benefits and those expressing positive PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongying Pan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shumei Xu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guilin Zeng
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Department of Oncology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ren P, Yue H, Tang Q, Wang Y, Xue C. Astaxanthin slows down skeletal muscle atrophy in H22 tumor-bearing mice during sorafenib treatment by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:543-558. [PMID: 38116809 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid that is taken orally and has antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous research demonstrated that astaxanthin alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy during sorafenib treatment in H22 tumor-bearing mice and altered the intestinal flora composition. However, the relationship between astaxanthin's amelioration of skeletal muscle atrophy in tumor-bearing mice and its ability to regulate intestinal flora is not clear. We used broad-spectrum antibiotics to create pseudo-sterile tumor-bearing mice, which we then used in fecal bacteria transplantation experiments. Our results indicate that the role of astaxanthin in ameliorating skeletal muscle atrophy during molecularly targeted therapy in mice with tumors is dependent on the intestinal flora. Astaxanthin substantially promoted the proliferation of Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Roseburia, altered the levels of metabolites in mouse serum, and primarily affected the amino acid metabolism of mice. Astaxanthin ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy by promoting the activation of AKT/FOXO3a, which inhibited the expression of ubiquitination-degrading Fbx32 and MuRF1 and promoted myogenesis in skeletal muscle. Our study confirms that the intestinal flora is an important target for astaxanthin to combat skeletal muscle atrophy. Our research supports the use of astaxanthin as a nutritional supplement and intestinal microecological regulator for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Han Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of, China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Wang H, Wang Y. What Makes the Gut-Lung Axis Working? From the Perspective of Microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:8640014. [PMID: 38274122 PMCID: PMC10810697 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8640014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have proved that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of various lung diseases and can interact with the diseased lung. The concept of the gut-lung axis (GLA) provides a new idea for the subsequent clinical treatment of lung diseases through human microbiota. This review aims to summarize the microbiota in the lung and gut and the interaction between them from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Method We conducted a literature search by using the search terms "GLA," "gut microbiota," "spleen," and "Chinese medicine" in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. We then explored the mechanism of action of the gut-lung axis from traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine. Results The lung and gut microbiota enable the GLA to function through immune regulation, while metabolites of the gut microbiota also play an important role. The spleen can improve the gut microbiota to achieve the regulation of the GLA. Conclusion Improving the gut microbiota through qi supplementation and spleen fortification provides a new approach to the clinical treatment of lung diseases by regulating the GLA. Currently, our understanding of the GLA is limited, and more research is needed to explain its working principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Zhu SL, Gu FF, Tang YF, Liu XH, Jia MH, Valencak TG, Liu JX, Sun HZ. Dynamic fecal microenvironment properties enable predictions and understanding of peripartum blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:573-592. [PMID: 37690725 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition period in dairy cows is a critical stage and peripartum oxidative status, negative energy balance (NEB), and inflammation are highly prevalent. Fecal microbial metabolism is closely associated with blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels. Here, we investigated dynamic changes in total oxidative status markers and NEFA in blood, fecal microbiome, and metabolome of 30 dairy cows during transition (-21, -7, +7, +21 d relative to calving). Then the Bayesian network and 9 machine-learning algorithms were applied to dismantle their relationship. Our results show that the oxidative status indicator (OSI) of -21, -7, +7 d was higher than +21 d. The plasma concentration of NEFA peaked on +7 d. For fecal microenvironment, a decline in bacterial α diversity was observed at postpartum and in bacterial interactions at +7 d. Conversely, microbial metabolites involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism increased on +7 d. A correlation analysis revealed that 11 and 10 microbial metabolites contributed to OSI and NEFA variations, respectively (arc strength >0.5). The support vector machine (SVM) radial model showed the highest average predictive accuracy (100% and 88.9% in the test and external data sets) for OSI using 1 metabolite and 3 microbiota. The SVM radial model also showed the highest average diagnostic accuracy (100% and 91% in the test and external data sets) for NEFA with 2 metabolites and 3 microbiota. Our results reveal a relationship between variation in the fecal microenvironment and indicators of oxidative status, NEB, and inflammation, which provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and precise regulation of peripartum oxidative status and NEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng-Fei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Liu H, Xi Q, Tan S, Qu Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Wu G. The metabolite butyrate produced by gut microbiota inhibits cachexia-associated skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating intestinal barrier function and macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111001. [PMID: 37804658 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cachexia, marked by muscle atrophy, poses substantial challenges for prevention and treatment. This study delves into the unclear role of butyrate, a gut microbiota metabolite, in cachexia by examining gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in human and mouse fecal samples. METHODS We analyzed cachexia-associated gut microbiota and SCFA profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic techniques. Mouse cachexia models were developed with C26 cells, and LPS was used to induce muscle cell atrophy in C2C12 cells. We evaluated butyrate's in vivo effects on intestinal health, muscle preservation, inflammation, and macrophage activity. In vitro studies focused on butyrate's influence on macrophage polarization and the subsequent effects on muscle cells. RESULTS Both cachexia patients and mice exhibited gut microbiota imbalances, irregular butyrate concentrations, and a decline in butyrate-producing bacteria. In vivo tests showed that butyrate counteract cachexia-induced muscle atrophy by adjusting the Akt/mTOR/Foxo3a and Fbox32/Trim63 pathways. These butyrate also bolstered intestinal barrier integrity, minimized endotoxin migration, and mitigated oxidative stress. Furthermore, butyrate curtailed inflammation and macrophage penetration in muscles. In vitro experimental results demonstrate that butyrate inhibit macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype and promote polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Both M1 and M2 macrophages influence the aforementioned pathways and oxidative stress, participating in the regulation of muscle cell atrophy. CONCLUSION Our study delineates the intricate interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis, butyrate fluctuations, and cachexia progression. Butyrate not only reinforces the intestinal barrier but also orchestrates macrophage polarization, mitigating muscle atrophy and averting cachexia-induced muscle deterioration. Concurrently, the M1 and M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in modulating skeletal muscle cell atrophy. This highlights the potential of utilizing the gut-derived metabolite butyrate as a promising therapeutic approach for addressing cachexia-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulei Xi
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanjun Tan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Qu
- Department of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Ibrahimi E, Lopes MB, Dhamo X, Simeon A, Shigdel R, Hron K, Stres B, D’Elia D, Berland M, Marcos-Zambrano LJ. Overview of data preprocessing for machine learning applications in human microbiome research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250909. [PMID: 37869650 PMCID: PMC10588656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although metagenomic sequencing is now the preferred technique to study microbiome-host interactions, analyzing and interpreting microbiome sequencing data presents challenges primarily attributed to the statistical specificities of the data (e.g., sparse, over-dispersed, compositional, inter-variable dependency). This mini review explores preprocessing and transformation methods applied in recent human microbiome studies to address microbiome data analysis challenges. Our results indicate a limited adoption of transformation methods targeting the statistical characteristics of microbiome sequencing data. Instead, there is a prevalent usage of relative and normalization-based transformations that do not specifically account for the specific attributes of microbiome data. The information on preprocessing and transformations applied to the data before analysis was incomplete or missing in many publications, leading to reproducibility concerns, comparability issues, and questionable results. We hope this mini review will provide researchers and newcomers to the field of human microbiome research with an up-to-date point of reference for various data transformation tools and assist them in choosing the most suitable transformation method based on their research questions, objectives, and data characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ibrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Marta B. Lopes
- Department of Mathematics, Center for Mathematics and Applications (NOVA Math), NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Xhilda Dhamo
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Andrea Simeon
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rajesh Shigdel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Blaž Stres
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domenica D’Elia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Magali Berland
- INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Chen S, Zhang P, Duan H, Wang J, Qiu Y, Cui Z, Yin Y, Wan D, Xie L. Gut microbiota in muscular atrophy development, progression, and treatment: New therapeutic targets and opportunities. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100479. [PMID: 37539440 PMCID: PMC10394038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that significantly affects quality of life and often lacks effective treatment options. Muscle atrophy can have various causes, including myogenic, neurogenic, and other factors. Recent investigation has underscored a compelling link between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle. Discerning the potential differences in the gut microbiota associated with muscle atrophy-related diseases, understanding their influence on disease development, and recognizing their potential as intervention targets are of paramount importance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiota in muscle atrophy-related diseases. We summarize clinical and pre-clinical studies that investigate the potential for gut microbiota modulation to enhance muscle performance and promote disease recovery. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and muscle atrophy-related diseases, drawing from an array of studies. Emerging evidence suggests significant differences in gut microbiota composition in individuals with muscle atrophy-related diseases compared with healthy individuals. It is conceivable that these alterations in the microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders through bacterium-related metabolites or inflammatory signals. Additionally, interventions targeting the gut microbiota have demonstrated promising results for mitigating disease progression in animal models, underscoring the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota in these conditions. By analyzing the available literature, this review sheds light on the involvement of the gut microbiota in muscle atrophy-related diseases. The findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and open avenues for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Puxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yuyueyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 501122, USA
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan 528308, China
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20
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Thomas AM, Fidelle M, Routy B, Kroemer G, Wargo JA, Segata N, Zitvogel L. Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS) as next-generation biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:583-603. [PMID: 37365438 PMCID: PMC11258874 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenesis is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, and stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing in individuals with this condition might constitute a non-invasive approach for the early diagnosis of several cancer types. The prognostic relevance of antibiotic intake and gut microbiota composition urged investigators to develop tools for the detection of intestinal dysbiosis to enable patient stratification and microbiota-centred clinical interventions. Moreover, since the advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology, the identification of biomarkers for predicting their efficacy before starting treatment has been an unmet medical need. Many previous studies addressing this question, including a meta-analysis described herein, have led to the description of Gut OncoMicrobiome Signatures (GOMS). In this Review, we discuss how patients with cancer across various subtypes share several GOMS with individuals with seemingly unrelated chronic inflammatory disorders who, in turn, tend to have GOMS different from those of healthy individuals. We discuss findings from the aforementioned meta-analysis of GOMS patterns associated with clinical benefit from or resistance to ICIs across different cancer types (in 808 patients), with a focus on metabolic and immunological surrogate markers of intestinal dysbiosis, and propose practical guidelines to incorporate GOMS in decision-making for prospective clinical trials in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marine Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1015, ClinicObiome, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Pharmacology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Equipe labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1015, ClinicObiome, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) 1428, Villejuif, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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21
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Marullo AL, O'Halloran KD. Microbes, metabolites and muscle: Is the gut-muscle axis a plausible therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1132-1143. [PMID: 37269541 PMCID: PMC10988500 DOI: 10.1113/ep091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The contribution of gut microbial signalling to skeletal muscle maintenance and development and identification of potential therapeutic targets in progressive muscle degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What advances does it highlight? Gut microbe-derived metabolites are multifaceted signalling molecules key to muscle function, modifying pathways contributing to skeletal muscle wasting, making them a plausible target for adjunctive therapy in muscular dystrophy. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ making up ∼50% of body mass. Because skeletal muscle has both metabolic and endocrine properties, it can manipulate the microbial populations within the gut. In return, microbes exert considerable influence on skeletal muscle via numerous signalling pathways. Gut bacteria produce metabolites (i.e., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitter substrates) that act as fuel sources and modulators of inflammation, influencing host muscle development, growth and maintenance. The reciprocal interactions between microbes, metabolites and muscle establish a bidirectional gut-muscle axis. The muscular dystrophies constitute a broad range of disorders with varying disabilities. In the profoundly debilitating monogenic disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), skeletal muscle undergoes a reduction in muscle regenerative capacity leading to progressive muscle wasting, resulting in fibrotic remodelling and adipose infiltration. The loss of respiratory muscle in DMD culminates in respiratory insufficiency and eventually premature death. The pathways contributing to aberrant muscle remodelling are potentially modulated by gut microbial metabolites, thus making them plausible targets for pre- and probiotic supplementation. Prednisone, the gold standard therapy for DMD, drives gut dysbiosis, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype and leaky gut barrier contributing to several of the well-known side effects associated with chronic glucocorticoid treatment. Several studies have observed that gut microbial supplementation or transplantation exerts positive effects on muscle, including mitigating the side effects of prednisone. There is growing evidence in support of the potential for an adjunctive microbiota-directed regimen designed to optimise gut-muscle axis signalling, which could alleviate muscle wasting in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Marullo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ken D. O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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22
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Maddern AS, Coller JK, Bowen JM, Gibson RJ. The Association between the Gut Microbiome and Development and Progression of Cancer Treatment Adverse Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4301. [PMID: 37686576 PMCID: PMC10487104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects are a common consequence of cytotoxic cancer treatments. Over the last two decades there have been significant advances in exploring the relationship between the gut microbiome and these adverse effects. Changes in the gut microbiome were shown in multiple clinical studies to be associated with the development of acute gastrointestinal adverse effects, including diarrhoea and mucositis. However, more recent studies showed that changes in the gut microbiome may also be associated with the long-term development of psychoneurological changes, cancer cachexia, and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the literature to identify potential contributions and associations of the gut microbiome with the wide range of adverse effects from cytotoxic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Maddern
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Janet K. Coller
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.K.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (J.K.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Rachel J. Gibson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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23
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Sayers J, Skipworth RJ, Laird BJ. Cancer cachexia - adopting a systems wide approach. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:393-398. [PMID: 37265093 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer cachexia results in the death of approximately 2 million people worldwide annually. Despite the impact of this devastating condition, there is limited therapy and no standard of care. Although multiple definitions exist, confusion remains as a true understanding of the biology has not yet been achieved and distinct phases of cachexia have not been examined. Research has mainly focused on weight loss and muscle wasting, but cachexia is increasingly recognized as a multiorgan disorder involving adipose tissue, liver, brain, gut and heart, with systemic inflammation a central unifying feature. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss some of the extra-muscular features and multisystem interactions in cachexia, and describe how moving our focus beyond muscle can lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms and clinical features seen in cachexia. SUMMARY We describe the need for robust characterization of patients with cachexia, to allow clinical phenotypes and multisystem mechanisms to be untangled, and to enable the implementation of multimodal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sayers
- St Columba's Hospice
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh
- Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Je Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry Ja Laird
- St Columba's Hospice
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh
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24
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Ferrer M, Anthony TG, Ayres JS, Biffi G, Brown JC, Caan BJ, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Coll AP, Dunne RF, Goncalves MD, Grethlein J, Heymsfield SB, Hui S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Lam JM, Lewis DY, McCandlish D, Mustian KM, O'Rahilly S, Perrimon N, White EP, Janowitz T. Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease. Cell 2023; 186:1824-1845. [PMID: 37116469 PMCID: PMC11059056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, a systemic wasting condition, is considered a late consequence of diseases, including cancer, organ failure, or infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The induction process and mechanistic progression of cachexia are incompletely understood. Refocusing academic efforts away from advanced cachexia to the etiology of cachexia may enable discoveries of new therapeutic approaches. Here, we review drivers, mechanisms, organismal predispositions, evidence for multi-organ interaction, model systems, clinical research, trials, and care provision from early onset to late cachexia. Evidence is emerging that distinct inflammatory, metabolic, and neuro-modulatory drivers can initiate processes that ultimately converge on advanced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ferrer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giulia Biffi
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | | | - Anthony P Coll
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard F Dunne
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jonas Grethlein
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jie Min Lam
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David McCandlish
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Karen M Mustian
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen P White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
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25
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Kim Y, Jung S, Park G, Shin H, Heo SC, Kim Y. β-Carotene suppresses cancer cachexia by regulating the adipose tissue metabolism and gut microbiota dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109248. [PMID: 36503110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic disease affecting multiple organs and characterized by loss adipose and muscle tissues. Metabolic dysregulated of adipose tissue has a crucial role in cancer cachexia. β-Carotene (BC) is stored in adipose tissues and increases muscle mass and differentiation. However, its regulatory effects on adipose tissues in cancer cachexia have not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that BC supplementations could inhibit several cancer cachexia-related changes, including decreased carcass-tumor (carcass weight after tumor removal), adipose weights, and muscle weights in CT26-induced cancer cachexia mice. Moreover, BC supplementations suppressed cancer cachexia-induced lipolysis, fat browning, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and systemic inflammation. Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in cancer cachexia were restored by the BC supplementations. BC treatments could reverse the down-regulated adipogenesis and dysregulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in adipocytes and colon cancer organoid co-culture systems. Taken together, these results suggest that BC can be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Jung
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Mancin L, Wu GD, Paoli A. Gut microbiota-bile acid-skeletal muscle axis. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:254-269. [PMID: 36319506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a 'metabolic organ' that can regulate human metabolism. Intact gut microbiota contributes to host homeostasis, whereas compositional perturbations, termed dysbiosis, are associated with a wide range of diseases. Recent evidence demonstrates that dysbiosis, and the accompanying loss of microbiota-derived metabolites, results in a substantial alteration of skeletal muscle metabolism. As an example, bile acids, produced in the liver and further metabolized by intestinal microbiota, are of considerable interest since they regulate several host metabolic pathways by activating nuclear receptors, including the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Indeed, alteration of gut microbiota may lead to skeletal muscle atrophy via a bile acid-FXR pathway. This Review aims to suggest a new pathway that connects different mechanisms, involving the gut-muscle axis, that are often seen as unrelated, and, starting from preclinical studies, we hypothesize new strategies aimed at optimizing skeletal muscle functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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27
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Hill EB, Baxter BA, Pfluger B, Slaughter CK, Beale M, Smith HV, Stromberg SS, Tipton M, Ibrahim H, Rao S, Leach H, Ryan EP. Plasma, urine, and stool metabolites in response to dietary rice bran and navy bean supplementation in adults at high-risk for colorectal cancer. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1087056. [PMID: 38469373 PMCID: PMC10927265 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1087056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dietary intake of whole grains and legumes and adequate physical activity (PA) have been associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A single-blinded, two-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial was implemented to evaluate the impact of a 12-week dietary intervention of rice bran + navy bean supplementation and PA education on metabolite profiles and the gut microbiome among individuals at high risk of CRC. Methods Adults (n=20) were randomized 1:1 to dietary intervention or control. All participants received PA education at baseline. Sixteen study foods were prepared with either heat-stabilized rice bran + navy bean powder or Fibersol®-2 as a placebo. Intervention participants consumed 30 g rice bran + 30 g navy bean powder daily; those in the control group consumed 10 g placebo daily. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to evaluate plasma, urine, and stool at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Stool was also analyzed for primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by UPLC-MS/MS and microbial community structure via 16S amplicon sequencing. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups for metabolites, and mixed models were used to compare differences between groups for BAs, SCFAs, and alpha and beta diversity measures of microbial community structure. Results Across biological matrices, the intervention resulted in changes to several amino acid and lipid metabolites, compared to control. There was a 2.33-fold difference in plasma (p<0.001) and a 3.33-fold difference in urine (p=0.008) for the amino acid S-methylcysteine at 12 weeks. Fold-differences to 4-methoxyphenol sulfate in plasma and urine after 6 and 12 weeks (p<0.001) was a novel result from this combined rice bran and navy bean intervention in people. A 2.98-fold difference in plasma (p=0.002) and a 17.74-fold difference in stool (p=0.026) was observed for the lipid octadecenedioylcarnitine at 12 weeks. For stool BAs, 3-oxocholic acid was increased at 12 weeks compared to control within a subset of individuals (mean difference 16.2 ug/uL, p=0.022). No significant differences were observed between groups for stool SCFAs or microbial community structure. Discussion Dietary intake of rice bran + navy beans demonstrates beneficial modulation of host and gut microbial metabolism and represents a practical and affordable means of increasing adherence to national guidelines for CRC control and prevention in a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brigitte Pfluger
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline K. Slaughter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Beale
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hillary V. Smith
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sophia S. Stromberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heather Leach
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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28
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Gut Microbiome Is Associated With the Response to Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:407-418. [PMID: 35905860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the dynamic change of gut microbiota and its predictive role in progression-free survival (PFS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty-one patients with NSCLC in 2 phase 2 trials (NCT02573506 and NCT03006575) were analyzed. A total of 102 fecal samples were collected at 3 time points (T0, before CCRT; T1, 2 weeks after the initiation of CCRT; and T2, the end of CCRT). Gut microbiota composition and functionality were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, respectively. Alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, and KEGG functional pathways were compared between patients in the long-PFS group (PFS ≥11.0 months) and short-PFS group (PFS <11.0 months). A random forest classifier was constructed to identify microbial signature related to PFS. Clinical and microbial factors potentially predictive of PFS were assessed in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria increased, while the abundance of Firmicutes decreased after CCRT. Shannon index (P = .006) and PD index (P = .022) were significantly higher in the long-PFS group than for those in the short-PFS group at T1. The PFS-prediction microbial signature at T1 included unclassified members of the Lanchospiraceae spp., such as NK4A136 and UCG-003 groups, Dorea sp., various strains from within the Eubacterium hallii and E. siraeum groups, and an unclassified member of the Muribaculaceae, which yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. These discriminatory genera mostly belong to phylum Firmicutes/family Clostridia. Multivariate analysis indicated PD index (HR = 8.036, P = .016) and the abundance of Dorea sp. at T1 (HR = 4.186, P = .043) were independent predictors of PFS. The KEGG pathways at T1 overrepresented in the long-PFS group included fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis. Those overrepresented in the short-PFS group included lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and biosynthesis of vancomycin group antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota composition and functionality at 2 weeks after the initiation of CCRT were associated with PFS in NSCLC. Further research is needed to confirm these results.
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29
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Urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 Promotes Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Development through the ECM1/MMP9 Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030809. [PMID: 36765767 PMCID: PMC9913387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points to the urinary microbiota as a possible key susceptibility factor for early-stage bladder cancer (BCa) progression. However, the interpretation of its underlying mechanism is often insufficient, given that various environmental conditions have affected the composition of urinary microbiota. Herein, we sought to rule out confounding factors and clarify how urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 promoted non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) development. METHODS Differentially abundant urinary microbiota of 51 NMIBC patients and 47 healthy controls (as Cohort 1) were first determined by metagenomics analysis. Then, we modeled the coculture of NMIBC organoids with candidate urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 in anaerobic conditions and explored differentially expressed genes of these NMIBC tissues by RNA-Seq. Furthermore, we dissected the mechanisms involved into Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 by inducing extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) upregulation. Finally, we used multivariate Cox modeling to investigate the clinical relevance of urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 16S ribosomal RNA (16SrRNA) levels to the prognosis of 406 NMIBC patients (as Cohort 2). RESULTS Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 infection accelerated the proliferation of NMIBC organoids (p < 0.01); ECM1 and MMP9 were the most upregulated genes induced by the increased colony forming units (CFU) gradient of Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 infection via phosphorylating ERK1/2 in NMIBC organoids of Cohort 1. Excluding the favorable impact of potential contributing factors, the ROC curve of Cohort 2 manifested its 3-year AUC value as 0.79 and the cut-off point of Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 16SrRNA as 10.3 (delta CT value). CONCLUSION Our evidence suggests that urinary Eubacterium sp. CAG:581 promoted NMIBC progression through the ECM1/MMP9 pathway, which may serve as the promising noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for NMIBC.
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Lim DM, Lee H, Eom K, Kim YH, Kim S. Bioinformatic analysis of the obesity paradox and possible associated factors in colorectal cancer using TCGA cohorts. J Cancer 2023; 14:322-335. [PMID: 36860923 PMCID: PMC9969588 DOI: 10.7150/jca.80977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Obesity is an important determinant of CRC incidence; however, obese patients have also shown better long-term survival than non-obese patients, suggesting that the development and progression of CRC are associated with different mechanisms. This study compares the expression of genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and intestinal microbiota between high- and low-body mass index (BMI) patients at the time of CRC diagnosis. The results revealed that high-BMI patients with CRC have better prognosis, higher levels of resting CD4+ T cells, lower levels of T follicular helper cells, and different levels of intratumoral microbiota than low-BMI patients. Our study highlights that tumor-infiltrating immune cells and intratumoral microbe diversity are major features of the obesity paradox in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Min Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisang Eom
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. TEL: +82-53-258-7359; Fax: +82-53-258-7355; E-mail: ; Yun Hak Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea. TEL: +82-51-510-8091; Fax: +82-51-510-8049; E-mail:
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,✉ Corresponding authors: Shin Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea. TEL: +82-53-258-7359; Fax: +82-53-258-7355; E-mail: ; Yun Hak Kim, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea. TEL: +82-51-510-8091; Fax: +82-51-510-8049; E-mail:
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Panebianco C, Villani A, Potenza A, Favaro E, Finocchiaro C, Perri F, Pazienza V. Targeting Gut Microbiota in Cancer Cachexia: Towards New Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031849. [PMID: 36768173 PMCID: PMC9916111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome whose hallmarks are weight loss due to the wasting of muscle tissue with or without the loss of adipose tissue, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ metabolic alterations, which negatively impact patients' response to anticancer treatments, quality of life, and overall survival. Despite its clinical relevance, cancer cachexia often remains an underestimated complication due to the lack of rigorous diagnostic and therapeutic pathways. A number of studies have shown alterations in gut microbiota diversity and composition in association with cancer cachexia markers and symptoms, thus supporting a central role for dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Different tools of microbiota manipulation, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been investigated, demonstrating encouraging improvements in cachexia outcomes. Albeit pioneering, these studies pave the way for future research with the aim of exploring the role of gut microbiota in cancer cachexia more deeply and setting up effective microbiota-targeting interventions to be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Adele Potenza
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Concetta Finocchiaro
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Hospital, Viale dei Cappuccini, 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chew W, Lim YP, Lim WS, Chambers ES, Frost G, Wong SH, Ali Y. Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065365. [PMID: 36698827 PMCID: PMC9868714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home to trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, and disease conditions. Largely commensals, these microbes are gaining prominence with regards to how they collectively affect the function of important metabolic organs, from the adipose tissues to the endocrine pancreas to the skeletal muscle. Muscle, as the biggest utilizer of ingested glucose and an important reservoir of body proteins, is intricately linked with homeostasis, and with important anabolic and catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview of how gut microbiota may influence muscle health and how various microbes may in turn be altered during certain muscle disease states. Specifically, we discuss recent experimental and clinical evidence in support for a role of gut-muscle crosstalk and include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms that facilitate this crosstalk in health and diseased conditions. We end with a brief perspective on how exercise and pharmacological interventions may interface with the gut-muscle axis to improve muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chew
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yusuf Ali ✉
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Leonurine Regulates Hippocampal Nerve Regeneration in Rats with Chronic and Unpredictable Mild Stress by Activating SHH/GLI Signaling Pathway and Restoring Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolic Homeostasis. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:1455634. [PMID: 36647544 PMCID: PMC9840550 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1455634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disorder that requires new strategies to overcome depression. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether leonurine modulated hippocampal nerve regeneration in chronic and unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats through the SHH/GLI signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis. The CUMS rat model was constructed and treated with leonurine. The body weight of rats was recorded, and a series of tests were performed. Western blot was utilized to measure the expression of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus. Then the expression of SHH, GLI, PTCH, and SMO were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The colocalization of BrdU+DCX and BrdU+NeuN was evaluated by IF. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to detect the composition and distribution of gut microbiota. The differential metabolites were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. The correlation between gut microbiota and microbial metabolites was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. After CUMS modeling, the body weight of rats was decreased, and the expression of BDNF and 5-HT were decreased, while the body weight was recovered, and the expression of BDNF and 5-HT were increased after leonurine treatment. Leonurine reversed the reduction in the colocalization of BrdU+DCX and BrdU+NeuN and the reduction in the levels of SHH, GLI, PTCH, and SMO induced by CUMS modeling. Leonurine also restored gut microbiota and microbial metabolites homeostasis in CUMS rats. Furthermore, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group was negatively correlated with 3-Oxocholic acid, nutriacholic acid, and cholic acid. Collectively, leonurine regulated hippocampal nerve regeneration in CUMS rats by activating the SHH/GLI signaling pathway and restoring gut microbiota and microbial metabolic homeostasis.
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Deng Y, Zhao L, Huang X, Zeng Y, Xiong Z, Zuo M. Contribution of skeletal muscle to cancer immunotherapy: A focus on muscle function, inflammation, and microbiota. Nutrition 2023; 105:111829. [PMID: 36265324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by degenerative and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a multifactorial syndrome commonly observed in individuals with cancer. Additionally, it represents a poor nutritional status and indicates possible presence of cancer cachexia. Recently, with the extensive application of cancer immunotherapy, the effects of sarcopenia/cachexia on cancer immunotherapy, have gained attention. The aim of this review was to summarize the influence of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) on the response and immune-related adverse events to immunotherapy from the latest literature. It was revealed that low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) has detrimental effects on cancer immunotherapy in most cases, although there were results that were not consistent with this finding. This review also discussed potential causes of the paradox, such as different measure methods, research types, muscle indicators, time point, and cancer type. Mechanically, chronic inflammation, immune cells, and microbiota may be critically involved in regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy under the condition of low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia). Thus, nutritional interventions will likely be promising ways for individuals with cancer to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in the future, for low muscle mass (sarcopenia/cachexia) is an important prognostic factor for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhujuan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ming Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
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Chen H, Lai Y, Ye C, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yao Q. Global research trends between gut microbiota and lung cancer from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137576. [PMID: 36910658 PMCID: PMC9996130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have found that the gut microbiota was related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Nonetheless, publication trends and research hotspots in this field remain unknown. The study aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis to systematically identify publication trends and research hotspots in the field of gut microbiota and lung cancer research within a 12-year panorama. Methods Publications related to the gut microbiota and lung cancer between 1 January 2011 and 25 October 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The online analytic tool of the WoSCC was used to analyze various bibliometric parameters. The bibliometrics website, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to identify research trends and hotspots. Results A total of 375 publications related to the gut microbiota and lung cancer were extracted from WoSCC and identified for analysis. The number of annual publications has grown rapidly since 2018 and reached a peak in 2022. China was the most prolific country in this field, with 120 publications, followed by the United States (114), with the highest H-index of 31. Additionally, France ranked the highest with an average of 133 citations, while the leading institution and journal were the Unicancer and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, respectively. Interestingly, Routy Bertrand was the most prolific author and also the most cited author in terms of H-index and citations. Reference and keyword burst detection indicated that the research hotspots mainly included 1) the gut microbiota directly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy for lung cancer, 2) the application of different gut bacteria on lung cancer, and 3) the mechanism of the gut microbiota on lung cancer. Conclusion The findings of this study revealed the general publication trends and evolving research hotspots in the field of gut microbiota and lung cancer at a global level. The research hotspots focused on the clinical application of the gut microbiota combined with immunotherapy in lung cancer and its mechanism. The findings of this study provide new perspectives on the field, which may shed light on a beneficial impact on further etiological studies, diagnosis, and treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuebiao Lai
- Community Health Service Center of Louta Town, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxiao Ye
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changhong Wu
- The Second Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zewei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lefevre C, Bindels LB. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:422-432. [PMID: 36121571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the recent findings about the contribution of the gut microbiome to muscle pathophysiology and discuss molecular pathways that may be involved in such process. Related findings in the context of cancer cachexia are outlined. RECENT FINDINGS Many bacterial metabolites have been reported to exert a beneficial or detrimental impact on muscle physiology. Most of the evidence concentrates on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with an emerging role for bile acids, bacterial amino acid metabolites (bAAms), and bacterial polyphenol metabolites. Other molecular players worth considering include cytokines, hormones, lipopolysaccharides, and quorum sensing molecules. The current literature clearly establishes the ability for the gut microbiome to modulate muscle function and mass. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this gut-muscle axis may lead to the delivery of novel therapeutic tools to tackle muscle wasting in cancer cachexia, chronic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, and age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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Amino Acids in Cancer and Cachexia: An Integrated View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225691. [PMID: 36428783 PMCID: PMC9688864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid tumor growth requires elevated biosynthetic activity, supported by metabolic rewiring occurring both intrinsically in cancer cells and extrinsically in the cancer host. The Warburg effect is one such example, burning glucose to produce a continuous flux of biomass substrates in cancer cells at the cost of energy wasting metabolic cycles in the host to maintain stable glycemia. Amino acid (AA) metabolism is profoundly altered in cancer cells, which use AAs for energy production and for supporting cell proliferation. The peculiarities in cancer AA metabolism allow the identification of specific vulnerabilities as targets of anti-cancer treatments. In the current review, specific approaches targeting AAs in terms of either deprivation or supplementation are discussed. Although based on opposed strategies, both show, in vitro and in vivo, positive effects. Any AA-targeted intervention will inevitably impact the cancer host, who frequently already has cachexia. Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome, also due to malnutrition, that compromises the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs and eventually causes the patient's death. AA deprivation may exacerbate malnutrition and cachexia, while AA supplementation may improve the nutritional status, counteract cachexia, and predispose the patient to a more effective anti-cancer treatment. Here is provided an attempt to describe the AA-based therapeutic approaches that integrate currently distant points of view on cancer-centered and host-centered research, providing a glimpse of several potential investigations that approach cachexia as a unique cancer disease.
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Cancer Cachexia among Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer on Immunotherapy: An Observational Study with Exploratory Gut Microbiota Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215405. [PMID: 36358821 PMCID: PMC9658074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia exerts a negative clinical influence on patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The prognostic impact of body weight change during ICI treatment remains unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is a key contributor to the response to ICI therapy in cancer patients. However, the association between cancer cachexia and GM and their association with the response to ICIs remains unexplored. This study examined the association of cancer cachexia with GM composition and assessed the impact of GM on clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC treated with ICIs. In this observational, prospective study, which included 113 Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs, the prevalence of cachexia was 50.4% (57/113). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly shorter in the cachexia group than in the non-cachexia group (4.3 vs. 11.6 months (p = 0.003) and 12.0 months vs. not reached (p = 0.02), respectively). A multivariable analysis revealed that baseline cachexia was independently associated with a shorter PFS. Moreover, a gain in body weight from the baseline (reversible cachexia) was associated with a significantly longer PFS and OS compared to irreversible cachexia. Microbiome profiling with 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the cachexia group presented an overrepresentation of the commensal bacteria, Escherichia-Shigella and Hungatella, while the non-cachexia group had a preponderance of Anaerostipes, Blautia, and Eubacterium ventriosum. Anaerostipes and E. ventriosum were associated with longer PFS and OS. Moreover, a cachexia status correlated with the systemic inflammatory marker-derived-neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (dNLR) and Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) indexes. Our study demonstrates that cachexia and longitudinal bodyweight change have a prognostic impact on patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI therapy. Moreover, our study demonstrates that bacteria associated with ICI resistance are also linked to cachexia. Targeted microbiota interventions may represent a new type of treatment to overcome cachexia in patients with NSCLC.
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Jian T, Zhou L, Chen Y, Tian Y, Wu R, Tong B, Niu G, Gai Y, Li W, Chen J. Total Sesquiterpenoids of Loquat Leaves Alleviated High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Targeting Fecal Metabolic Profiling and Gut Microbiota Composition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13279-13288. [PMID: 36198678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated that whether the gut microbiota and related metabolites contribute to the therapeutic effect of total sesquiterpenoids (TSs) from loquat leaves on obesity. A 4-week high fat diet was used to induce obesity which was then treated with TSs for another 4 weeks. TSs remarkedly reduced the weight of body and white adipose and the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in serum. We also found that TSs restored the diversity and richness of gut microbiota. In addition, TSs administration affected the relative abundance of seven key genera. Meanwhile, TSs were determined to affect the metabolism of the host through detecting the metabolites in feces. By applying KEGG and the correlation analysis with gut microbiota, 10 differential metabolites were identified to be the key. The results in this work proved that TSs inhibited obesity by remodeling gut microbiota and related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuwen Tian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoyun Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guanting Niu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanan Gai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Age as a primary driver of the gut microbial composition and function in wild harbor seals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14641. [PMID: 36030345 PMCID: PMC9420123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes are the major variation cause in the composition of the gut microbiota. The short lactation phase in phocids provides an exceptional opportunity to explore the microbiota's response to a quick transition from a milk-based to a solid diet. We investigated the effects of age and sex on the gut microbiota of harbor seals in Mexico using rectal and fecal samples from pups and adults. 16S gene sequencing revealed age explains most of the observed variations in microbial composition. Individuals with frequent contact (pups-female adults) have major microbial similarities than those with little or no contact (pups-male adults). Overall, adults and females (regardless of sex and age, respectively) have a greater microbial richness; as seals grow, the core microbiome shrinks, and microbial diversity increases. We found pathways related to milk and chitin digestion in pups' microbiomes, indicating pups were transitioning to a solid diet. An enrichment of routes related to dramatic weight loss and body mass indicated higher metabolic stress in pups in late breeding season, when they are weaned and start intermittent fasting. Our findings highlight the host-microbiome interaction in harbor seals during late breeding season in response to food shifts and metabolic stress.
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Qing Y, Wang P, Cui G, Zhang J, Liang K, Xia Z, Wang P, He L, Jia W. Targeted metabolomics reveals aberrant profiles of serum bile acids in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:65. [PMID: 35982185 PMCID: PMC9388515 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that bile acids (BAs), which are signaling molecules that regulate metabolism and inflammation, appear to be dysregulated in schizophrenia (SZ). Further investigation is warranted to comprehensively characterize BA profiles in SZ. To address this, we analyzed serum BA profiles in 108 drug-free patients with SZ and in 108 healthy controls (HCs), divided into a discovery set (n = 119) and a validation set (n = 97), using ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Forty serum BAs were detected and absolutely quantified using calibration curves. Global BA profiling showed differences in SZ and HC groups in both discovery and validation sets. The concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 3β-chenodeoxycholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, 3-dehydrocholic acid, total BAs, and unconjugated BAs were significantly lower in patients with SZ compared with HCs in the two sample sets. The BA deconjugation potentials by gut microbiota and the affinity index of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were notably decreased in SZ patients compared to those of HCs. Conjugated BAs and BA deconjugation potentials differed in SZ patients with first versus recurrent episodes, although similar BA profiles were observed in both groups. In addition, a panel of 8 BA variables acted as a potential auxiliary diagnostic biomarker in discriminating SZ patients from HCs, with area under the curve values for receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.758 and 0.732 and for precision-recall curves of 0.750 and 0.714 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. This study has provided compelling evidence of comprehensive characteristics of circulating BA metabolism in patients with SZ and promoted a deeper understanding of the role of BAs in the pathophysiology of this disease, possibly via the gut microbiota-FXR signaling pathway.
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Wang P, Shang R, Ma Y, Wang D, Zhao W, Chen F, Hu X, Zhao X. Targeting microbiota-host interactions with resveratrol on cancer: Effects and potential mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:311-333. [PMID: 35917112 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound detected in grapes, berries, and red wine. The anticancer activities of RSV have been observed in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the pharmacology mechanism of RSV is confusing due to its low bioavailability. According to studies of the metabolic characteristics of RSV, the gut intestine is a crucial site of its health benefits. Dietary RSV exhibits a profound effect on the gut microbiota structure and metabolic function. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates a protective effect of RSV metabolites against carcinogenesis. Therefore, to better understand the anticancer mechanisms of dietary RSV, it is vital to evaluate the role of RSV-microbiota-host interactions in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized significant findings on the anticancer activities of RSV based on epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies involved in investigating the metabolic characteristics and the traditional anticancer mechanisms of RSV. Special attention is given to the putative mechanisms involving microbiota-host interactions, such as the modulation of gut microecology and the anticancer effects of RSV metabolites. The changes in microbiota-host interactions after RSV supplementation play vital roles in cancer prevention and thus offering a new perspective on nutritional interventions to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Haixia Hospital of Huaqiao University (The 910 Hospital), Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Du C, Liu WJ, Yang J, Zhao SS, Liu HX. The Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase in Metabolic Disorders. Front Nutr 2022; 9:932670. [PMID: 35923208 PMCID: PMC9339795 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), composed of leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are important essential amino acids in human physiology. Decades of studies have revealed their roles in protein synthesis, regulating neurotransmitter synthesis, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). BCAAs are found to be related to many metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and heart failure. Also, many diseases are related to the alteration of the BCAA catabolism enzyme branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK), including maple syrup urine disease, human autism with epilepsy, and so on. In this review, diseases and the corresponding therapies are discussed after the introduction of the catabolism and detection methods of BCAAs and BCKDK. Also, the interaction between microbiota and BCAAs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shan-Shan Zhao,
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Hui-Xin Liu,
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Hendifar A, Akinsola R, Muranaka H, Osipov A, Thomassian S, Moshayedi N, Yang J, Jacobs J, Devkota S, Bhowmick N, Gong J. Gut microbiome and pancreatic cancer cachexia: An evolving relationship. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1218-1226. [PMID: 36051103 PMCID: PMC9305570 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i7.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develop cachexia along their disease course. Cachexia is characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation and has been linked to poorer outcomes and impairments in quality of life. Management of PDAC cachexia has historically involved a multidisciplinary effort comprised of nutritional support, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and/or pharmacologic interventions. Despite current interventions to mitigate PDAC cachexia, a significant proportion of patients continue to die from complications associated with cachexia underscoring the need for novel insights and treatments for this syndrome. We highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of a recent enteral feeding prospective trial at our institution to improve cachexia outcomes in patients with advanced PDAC. Additionally, we were among the first to characterize the stool microbiome composition in patients with advanced PDAC receiving enteral feeding for the treatment of cachexia. Novel insights into the relationship between enteral nutritional support, cachexia, and the gut microbiome are presented. These promising results are discussed in the context of a potential ability to modulate the stool microbiome as a new interventional strategy to mitigate PDAC cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Rasaq Akinsola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Shant Thomassian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Natalie Moshayedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Julianne Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
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Gut Microbial Profile in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal tumor with a poor prognosis. The connection between pancreatic cancer and gut microbiota is less reported. Objectives: This study analyzed microbial characteristics in patients with pancreatic cancer from the tropical area of China and explored the potential impact of the characteristic microflora on pancreatic cancer. Methods: Stool samples and blood test indices of participants were collected in Hainan, China. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota characteristics. The R corrplot package was used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and blood test indices. Results: The microbial community in pancreatic cancer were clustered together and significantly separated from controls. The Simpson index was increased significantly in pancreatic cancer compared to controls. The abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (Anaerostipes hadrus, Lachnoclostridium phocaeense, and Romboutsia ilealis), Bifidobacteria, and [Eubacterium] eligens were significantly decreased, while Fusobacterium, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus were significantly increased in pancreatic cancer. Prevotella copri may have a vital role in the bacterial interaction network. Pathways connected to metabolism, environment (bacterial secretion system), genetic information (protein export and ribosome), and human diseases (infectious diseases and drug resistance) were increased in the pancreatic cancer group. Butyrate-producing bacteria (butyrate-producing bacterium SS3/4, A. hadrus, R. intestinalis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and Bifidobacteria were significantly negatively correlated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions: The gut microbiome was distinct in patients with pancreatic cancer from the tropical area of China. Changes in intestinal flora abundance and metabolic pathways may play an essential role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.
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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Li Q, Lin D. Metabolomics and its Applications in Cancer Cachexia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:789889. [PMID: 35198602 PMCID: PMC8860494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.789889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complicated metabolic derangement and muscle wasting syndrome, affecting 50–80% cancer patients. So far, molecular mechanisms underlying CC remain elusive. Metabolomics techniques have been used to study metabolic shifts including changes of metabolite concentrations and disturbed metabolic pathways in the progression of CC, and expand further fundamental understanding of muscle loss. In this article, we aim to review the research progress and applications of metabolomics on CC in the past decade, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of prediction, early diagnosis, and therapy of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Donghai Lin,
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Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2021; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. Scope of the review This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods – effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. Major conclusions Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions. The gut microbiota is involved in the control of nutrient availability, appetite, and body weight. Both obesity and cachexia are associated with altered gut microbiota. Specific dietary and surgical approaches positively impact body weight and gut microbiota. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Wang S, Ding B, Cui M, Yan W, Xia Q, Meng D, Shen S, Xie S, Jin H, Zhang X. Fanconi Anemia Pathway Genes Advance Cervical Cancer via Immune Regulation and Cell Adhesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734794. [PMID: 34869316 PMCID: PMC8634638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a typical and multienzyme-regulated DNA damage repairer that influences the occurrence and development of disease including cancers. Few comprehensive analyses were reported about the role of FA-related genes (FARGs) and their prognostic values in cancers. In this study, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis on 79 FARGs was performed. According to the correlation analyses between HPV integration sites and FARGs, we found that FARGs played specific and critical roles in HPV-related cancers, especially in cervical cancer (CC). Based on this, a FARGs-associated prognostic risk score (FPS) model was constructed, and subsequently a nomogram model containing the FPS was developed with a good accuracy for CC overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) outcome prediction. We also used the similar expression pattern of FARGs by consensus clustering analysis to separate the patients into three subgroups that exhibited significant differential OS but not RFS. Moreover, differential expressed genes (DEGs) between the two risk groups or three clusters were identified and immune pathways as well as cell adhesion processes were determined by functional enrichment analysis. Results indicated that FARGs might promote occurrence and development of CC by regulating the immune cells' infiltration and cell adhesion. In addition, through the machine learning models containing decision tree, random forest, naïve bayes, and support vector machine models, screening of important variables on CC prognosis, we finally determined that ZBTB32 and CENPS were the main elements affecting CC OS, while PALB2 and BRCA2 were for RFS. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that bivariate prediction of CC outcome was reliable. Our study systematically analyzed the prognostic prediction values of FARGs and demonstrated their potential mechanism in CC aggressiveness. Results provided perspective in FA pathway-associated modification and theoretical basis for CC clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong, China
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Adaptive Diagnosis of Lung Cancer by Deep Learning Classification Using Wilcoxon Gain and Generator. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5912051. [PMID: 34691378 PMCID: PMC8528612 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5912051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated worldwide health issue with an increasing death rate in recent years. With the swift blooming of the high throughput technology and several machine learning methods that have unfolded in recent years, progress in cancer disease diagnosis has been made based on subset features, providing awareness of the efficient and precise disease diagnosis. Hence, progressive machine learning techniques that can, fortunately, differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy persons are of great concern. This paper proposes a novel Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Gain Preprocessing combined with Generative Deep Learning called Wilcoxon Signed Generative Deep Learning (WS-GDL) method for lung cancer disease diagnosis. Firstly, test significance analysis and information gain eliminate redundant and irrelevant attributes and extract many informative and significant attributes. Then, using a generator function, the Generative Deep Learning method is used to learn the deep features. Finally, a minimax game (i.e., minimizing error with maximum accuracy) is proposed to diagnose the disease. Numerical experiments on the Thoracic Surgery Data Set are used to test the WS-GDL method's disease diagnosis performance. The WS-GDL approach may create relevant and significant attributes and adaptively diagnose the disease by selecting optimal learning model parameters. Quantitative experimental results show that the WS-GDL method achieves better diagnosis performance and higher computing efficiency in computational time, computational complexity, and false-positive rate compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
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