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Rajagopalan NR, Vista WR, Fujimori M, Vroomen LGPH, Jiménez JM, Khadka N, Bikson M, Srimathveeravalli G. Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Gap Junction Translocation Mediates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Non-invasive Low-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:89-102. [PMID: 37115366 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
High-voltage pulsed electric fields (HV-PEF) delivered with invasive needle electrodes for electroporation applications is known to induce off-target blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility of minimally invasive PEF application to produce BBB disruption in rat brain and identify the putative mechanisms mediating the effect. We observed dose-dependent presence of Evans Blue (EB) dye in rat brain when PEF were delivered with a skull mounted electrode used for neurostimulation application. Maximum region of dye uptake was observed while using 1500 V, 100 pulses, 100 µs and 10 Hz. Results of computational models suggested that the region of BBB disruption was occurring at thresholds of 63 V/cm or higher; well below intensity levels for electroporation. In vitro experiments recapitulating this effect with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) demonstrated cellular alterations that underlie BBB manifests at low-voltage high-pulse conditions without affecting cell viability or proliferation. Morphological changes in HUVECs due to PEF were accompanied by disruption of actin cytoskeleton, loss of tight junction protein-ZO-1 and VE-Cadherin at cell junctions and partial translocation into the cytoplasm. Uptake of propidium iodide (PI) in PEF treated conditions is less than 1% and 2.5% of total number of cells in high voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) groups, respectively, implying that BBB disruption to be independent of electroporation under these conditions. 3-D microfabricated blood vessel permeability was found to increase significantly following PEF treatment and confirmed with correlative cytoskeletal changes and loss of tight junction proteins. Finally, we show that the rat brain model can be scaled to human brains with a similar effect on BBB disruption characterized by electric field strength (EFS) threshold and using a combination of two bilateral HD electrode configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William-Ray Vista
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masashi Fujimori
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Juan M Jiménez
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Niranjan Khadka
- Division of Neuromodulation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Synchron Inc, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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2
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Yamada Y, Sumiyoshi T. Preclinical Evidence for the Mechanisms of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders; A Systematic Review. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:601-610. [PMID: 34898301 PMCID: PMC10625720 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211066151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, eg, mood disorders and schizophrenia. Although tDCS provides a promising approach, its neurobiological mechanisms remain to be explored. Objectives. To provide a systematic review of animal studies, and consider how tDCS ameliorates psychiatric conditions. Methods. A literature search was conducted on English articles identified by PubMed. We defined the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) articles published from the original data; (2) experimental studies in animals; (3) studies delivering direct current transcranially, ie, positioning electrodes onto the skull. Results. 138 papers met the inclusion criteria. 62 papers deal with model animals without any dysfunctions, followed by 52 papers for neurological disorder models, and 12 for psychiatric disorder models. The most studied category of functional areas is neurocognition, followed by motor functions and pain. These studies overall suggest the role for the late long-term potentiation (LTP) via anodal stimulation in the therapeutic effects of tDCS. Conclusions. tDCS Anodal stimulation may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to particularly enhance neurocognition in psychiatric disorders. Its mechanisms are likely to involve facilitation of the late LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Edemann-Callesen H, Glienke M, Akinola EO, Lieser MK, Habelt B, Hadar R, Bernhardt N, Winter C. Former Training Relieves the Later Development of Behavioral Inflexibility in an Animal Model Overexpressing the Dopamine Transporter. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7182-7193. [PMID: 36125729 PMCID: PMC9616742 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A range of dopamine-dominating neuropsychiatric disorders present with cognitive deficits. In accordance, the dopamine transporter overexpressing rat model (DAT-tg rat) displays cognitive deficits by means of behavioral inflexibility and learning disabilities. It remains to be investigated when cognitive deficits emerge, due to the inherent DA irregularities, during the life course of the DAT-tg rat and what may relieve symptoms. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess cognitive abilities in three cohorts of DAT-tg rats. In the first cohort, the development of cognitive deficits was assessed by repeatedly testing animals in the MWM at postnatal day (PND) 35, 60, and 90. In the second and third cohort, pharmacological interventions and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were tested in adult animals to understand what drives, and thus relieves, the deficits. Minor differences were observed between DAT-tg rats and control rats at PND 35 and 60, whereas cognitive deficits fully emerged at PND 90. A high dosage of methylphenidate diminished both behavioral inflexibility and improved learning abilities in adult rats. Interestingly, rats subjected early in life to the MWM also displayed improved behavioral flexibility as compared to rats naïve to the paradigm. Cognitive deficits gradually develop over time and fully emerge in adulthood. Pharmacological modulation of the ubiquitous DAT overexpression overall improves deficits in adult rats, whereas early training decreases later development of behavioral inflexibility. Thus, former training may constitute a preventive avenue that alters some aspects of cognitive deficits resulting from inherent DA abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Edemann-Callesen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Glienke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Olubukola Akinola
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maike Kristin Lieser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Habelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Rittweger N, Ishorst T, Barmashenko G, Aliane V, Winter C, Funke K. Effects of iTBS-rTMS on the Behavioral Phenotype of a Rat Model of Maternal Immune Activation. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:670699. [PMID: 33967716 PMCID: PMC8098712 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.670699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a promising therapeutic tool for treating neuropsychiatric diseases. Previously, we found intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) rTMS to be most effective in modulating cortical excitation-inhibition balance in rats, accompanied by improved cortical sensory processing and sensory learning performance. Using an animal schizophrenia model based on maternal immune activation (MIA) we tested if iTBS applied to either adult or juvenile rats can affect the behavioral phenotype in a therapeutic or preventive manner, respectively. In a sham-controlled fashion, iTBS effects in MIA rats were compared with rats receiving vehicle NaCl injection instead of the synthetic viral strand. Prior to iTBS, adult MIA rats showed deficits in sensory gating, as tested with prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex, and deficits in novel object recognition (NOR). No differences between MIA and control rats were evident with regard to signs of anxiety, anhedonia and depression but MIA rats were somewhat superior to controls during the training phase of Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. MIA but not control rats significantly improved in PPI following iTBS at adulthood but without significant differences between verum and sham application. If applied during adolescence, verum but not sham-iTBS improved NOR at adulthood but no difference in PPI was evident in rats treated either with sham or verum-iTBS. MIA and control rat responses to sham-iTBS applied at adulthood differed remarkably, indicating a different physiological reaction to the experimental experiences. Although verum-iTBS was not superior to sham-iTBS, MIA rats seemed to benefit from the treatment procedure in general, since differences-in relation to control rats declined or disappeared. Even if classical placebo effects can be excluded, motor or cognitive challenges or the entire handling procedure during the experiments appear to alleviate the behavioral impairments of MIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rittweger
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tanja Ishorst
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gleb Barmashenko
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,AIO-Studien-gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Aliane
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Padberg F, Bulubas L, Mizutani-Tiebel Y, Burkhardt G, Kranz GS, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz J, Hasan A, Takahashi S, Keeser D, Goerigk S, Brunoni AR. The intervention, the patient and the illness - Personalizing non-invasive brain stimulation in psychiatry. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113713. [PMID: 33798562 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current hypotheses on the therapeutic action of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in psychiatric disorders build on the abundant data from neuroimaging studies. This makes NIBS a very promising tool for developing personalized interventions within a precision medicine framework. NIBS methods fundamentally vary in their neurophysiological properties. They comprise repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and its variants (e.g. theta burst stimulation - TBS) as well as different types of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), with the largest body of evidence for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In the last two decades, significant conceptual progress has been made in terms of NIBS targets, i.e. from single brain regions to neural circuits and to functional connectivity as well as their states, recently leading to brain state modulating closed-loop approaches. Regarding structural and functional brain anatomy, NIBS meets an individually unique constellation, which varies across normal and pathophysiological states. Thus, individual constitutions and signatures of disorders may be indistinguishable at a given time point, but can theoretically be parsed along course- and treatment-related trajectories. We address precision interventions on three levels: 1) the NIBS intervention, 2) the constitutional factors of a single patient, and 3) the phenotypes and pathophysiology of illness. With examples from research on depressive disorders, we propose solutions and discuss future perspectives, e.g. individual MRI-based electrical field strength as a proxy for NIBS dosage, and also symptoms, their clusters, or biotypes instead of disorder focused NIBS. In conclusion, we propose interleaved research on these three levels along a general track of reverse and forward translation including both clinically directed research in preclinical model systems, and biomarker guided controlled clinical trials. Besides driving the development of safe and efficacious interventions, this framework could also deepen our understanding of psychiatric disorders at their neurophysiological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany
| | - Lucia Bulubas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Yuki Mizutani-Tiebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany
| | - Gerrit Burkhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, BKH Augsburg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 1, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Radiology, LMU Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, 6410012 Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany
| | - Stephan Goerigk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Munich-Augsburg (CNBS(MA)), Germany; Department of Psychological Methodology and Assessment, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Leopoldstraße 13, 80802 Munich, Germany; Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Infanteriestraße 11A, 80797 Munich, Germany
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo & Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2565, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Kleimaker M, Kleimaker A, Weissbach A, Colzato LS, Beste C, Bäumer T, Münchau A. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Front Neurol 2020; 11:592258. [PMID: 33244309 PMCID: PMC7683779 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.592258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is a multifaceted neuropsychiatric disorder typically commencing in childhood and characterized by motor and phonic tics. Its pathophysiology is still incompletely understood. However, there is convincing evidence that structural and functional abnormalities in the basal ganglia, in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and some cortical areas including medial frontal regions and the prefrontal cortex as well as hyperactivity of the dopaminergic system are key findings. Conventional therapeutic approaches in addition to counseling comprise behavioral treatment, particularly habit reversal therapy, oral pharmacotherapy (antipsychotic medication, alpha-2-agonists) and botulinum toxin injections. In treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome, deep brain stimulation, particularly of the internal segment of the globus pallidus, is an option for a small minority of patients. Based on pathophysiological considerations, non-invasive brain stimulation might be a suitable alternative. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears particularly attractive. It can lead to longer-lasting alterations of excitability and connectivity in cortical networks and inter-connected regions including the basal ganglia through the induction of neural plasticity. Stimulation of the primary motor and premotor cortex has so far not been shown to be clinically effective. Some studies, though, suggest that the supplementary motor area or the temporo-parietal junction might be more appropriate targets. In this manuscript, we will review the evidence for the usefulness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electric stimulation as treatment options in Tourette syndrome. Based on pathophysiological considerations we will discuss the rational for other approaches of non-invasive brain stimulation including state informed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleimaker
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Behler N, Leitner B, Mezger E, Weidinger E, Musil R, Blum B, Kirsch B, Wulf L, Löhrs L, Winter C, Padberg F, Palm U. Cathodal tDCS Over Motor Cortex Does Not Improve Tourette Syndrome: Lessons Learned From a Case Series. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:194. [PMID: 30197592 PMCID: PMC6117531 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Current pathophysiological hypotheses of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) refer to temporally abnormal neuronal activation in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) networks. Modifying cortical activity by non-invasive brain-stimulation appears to be a new treatment option in GTS. Background: Previous studies suggested therapeutic effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to pre-supplementary motor areas (SMA), however, treatment modalities concerning electrode placement, current intensity and stimulation-rate have not been systematically explored. Aim of this study was to assess efficacy of an alternative stimulation regime on GTS symptoms in a pilot study. To test a treatment protocol with tDCS twice a day, we administered 10 sessions over 5 days of bilateral cathodal tDCS (30 min, 2 mA) over the pre-SMA in three patients with severe GTS. Tic severity as well as obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and affective scales were rated before and after tDCS treatment. Discussion: Only one out of three patients showed a 34.5% reduction in tic severity. The two other patients showed an increase in tic severity. All patients showed a mild increase in positive affect and a reduction in negative affect, OC symptom changes were heterogeneous. Our results do not support earlier findings of extensive therapeutic effects of cathodal tDCS on tics in patients with GTS and show that prediction of stimulation effects on a targeted brain area remains inaccurate. Concluding Remarks: Future research will have to focus on the determination of most effective stimulation modes regarding site, polarity and frequency of tDCS in GTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Behler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianka Leitner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Mezger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elif Weidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Wulf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- neuroCare Group, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Löhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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8
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Huh Y, Jung D, Seo T, Sun S, Kim SH, Rhim H, Chung S, Kim CH, Kwon Y, Bikson M, Chung YA, Kim JJ, Cho J. Brain stimulation patterns emulating endogenous thalamocortical input to parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reduce nociception in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1151-1160. [PMID: 29784588 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bursting pattern of thalamocortical (TC) pathway dampens nociception. Whether brain stimulation mimicking endogenous patterns can engage similar sensory gating processes in the cortex and reduce nociceptive behaviors remains uninvestigated. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of cortical parvalbumin expressing (PV) interneurons within the TC circuit in gating nociception and their selective response to TC burst patterns. We then tested if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) patterned on endogenous nociceptive TC bursting modulate nociceptive behaviors. METHODS The switching of TC neurons between tonic (single spike) and burst (high frequency spikes) firing modes may be a critical component in modulating nociceptive signals. Deep brain electrical stimulation of TC neurons and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the differential influence of each firing mode on cortical PV interneuron activity. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons assessed a direct role in nociceptive modulation. A new TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst firing patterns, contrasted with conventional continuous and intermittent theta burst protocols, tested if TMS patterned on endogenous TC activity reduces nociceptive behaviors in mice. RESULTS Immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that burst, but not tonic, deep brain stimulation of TC neurons increased the activity of PV interneurons in the cortex. Both optogenetic activation of PV interneurons and TMS protocol mimicking thalamic burst reduced nociceptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that burst firing of TC neurons recruits PV interneurons in the cortex to reduce nociceptive behaviors and that neuromodulation mimicking thalamic burst firing may be useful for modulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Huh
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Dahee Jung
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeyoon Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sukkyu Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea; Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoo Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeansok J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea; Dept. of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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