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Parmar M, Ma R, Attygalle S, Herath MD, Mueller C, Stubbs B, Stewart R, Perera G. Associations between recorded loneliness and adverse mental health outcomes among patients receiving mental healthcare in South London: a retrospective cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02663-9. [PMID: 38622311 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loneliness disproportionately affects people with mental disorders, but associations with mental health outcomes in groups affected remain less well understood. METHOD A cohort of patients receiving mental healthcare on 30th June 2012 was assembled from a large mental health records database covering a south London catchment area. Recorded loneliness within the preceding 2 years was extracted using natural language processing and outcomes were measured between 30th June 2012 until 30th December 2019, except for survival which applied a censoring point of 6th December 2020 according to data available at the time of extraction. The following mental healthcare outcomes: (i) time to first crisis episode; (ii) time to first emergency presentation; (iii) all-cause mortality; (iv) days active to service per year; and (v) face-to-face contacts per year. RESULTS Loneliness was recorded in 4,483 (16.7%) patients in the study population and fully adjusted models showed associations with subsequent crisis episode (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.29), emergency presentation (HR 1.30, 1.21-1.40), days active per year (IRR 1.04, 1.03-1.05), and face-to-face contacts per year (IRR 1.28, 1.27-1.30). Recorded loneliness in patients with substance misuse problems was particularly strongly associated with adverse outcomes, including risk of emergency presentation (HR 1.68, 1.29-2.18) and mortality (HR 1.29, 1.01-1.65). CONCLUSION Patients receiving mental healthcare who are recorded as lonely have a higher risk of several adverse outcomes which may require a need for higher service input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Parmar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ruimin Ma
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Maaheshi Deepika Herath
- Ministry of Health Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gayan Perera
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (King's College London), De Crespigny Park, Box 92, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Dabiri S, Mwendwa DT, Campbell A. Psychological and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline in older adults. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:10-21. [PMID: 38008386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness, among older adults, is one of the risk factors for developing dementia. Still, little is known about the neurobiological and psychological conditions that link loneliness to cognitive decline. The current study investigated several research aims: First, it sought to identify neurobiological and psychological pathways that may account for the relationship between loneliness and decline across several cognitive domains. These pathways included depressive symptoms, total gray matter volume, and conditional analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Second, it examined loneliness as a predictor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Third, it sought to determine whether the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline is sex-specific in older adults. Longitudinal data were collected from 2130 Rush Memory and Aging Project participants. Participants underwent annual cognitive and psychological assessments and neuroimaging procedures every year. BDNF gene expression was measured in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cytokines were measured in serum, and the final consensus clinical diagnosis was identified at the time of death. All linear mixed and multinomial logistic regression models controlled for age at baseline, education, sex, and APOE genotype. Participants were largely women (73 %), and Caucasian (93 %). The average education was 14.93 (SD = 3.34). The average age at baseline was 80.05 (SD = 7.57). Results showed that gray matter volume and depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline. There was a significant interaction between loneliness and BDNF expression in relation to cognitive decline. Higher levels of BDNF expression was associated with slower decline in semantic memory and visuospatial ability. Finally, the current study also established that higher levels of loneliness was positively associated with the incidence of AD and other dementias. The present findings support the growing literature, which tends to show that the consequence of loneliness goes beyond the feeling of being isolated. Loneliness may induce physiological changes in our brains, leading to cognitive decline. Future research can explore a wide range of biological and psychological expressions of loneliness to clarify how loneliness relates to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Dabiri
- The Alzheimer's Trial Recruitment Innovation Lab, University of Southern California, United States.
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Freilich CD. How does loneliness "get under the skin" to become biologically embedded? BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2023; 68:115-148. [PMID: 37800557 PMCID: PMC10843517 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2023.2260742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is linked to declining physical health across cardiovascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and cognitive domains. As a result, loneliness is increasingly being recognized as a public health threat, though the mechanisms that have been studied do not yet explain all loneliness-related health risk. Potential mechanisms include loneliness having 1.) direct, causal impacts on health, possibly maintained by epigenetic modification, 2.) indirect effects mediated through health-limiting behaviors, and 3.) artifactual associations perhaps related to genetic overlap and reverse causation. In this scoping review, we examine the evidence surrounding each of these pathways, with a particular emphasis on emerging research on epigenetic effects, in order to evaluate how loneliness becomes biologically embedded. We conclude that there are significant gaps in our knowledge of how psychosocial stress may lead to physiological changes, so more work is needed to understand if, how, and when loneliness has a direct influence on health. Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical axis disruptions that lead to changes in gene expression through methylation and the activity of transcription factor proteins are one promising area of research but are confounded by a number of unmeasured factors. Therefore, wok is needed using causally informative designs, such as twin and family studies and intensively longitudinal diary studies.
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Desai P, Krueger KR, Mendes de Leon C, Wilson RS, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Race and Apolipoprotein E-e4 Allele Status Differences in the Association Between Loneliness and Cognitive Decline. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:231-237. [PMID: 36626598 PMCID: PMC10073257 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine race and apolipoprotein E-e4 allele (APOE-e4) status differences in the longitudinal associations between loneliness and cognitive decline. METHODS The study sample is composed of participants ( N = 7696, 64% Black participants and 36% White participants) from the Chicago Health and Aging Project, a population-based cohort study. Mixed-effects regression models were conducted to examine the longitudinal associations between loneliness on global cognitive function and individual tests of cognitive function. Models were also stratified by race and APOE-e4. RESULTS A greater percentage of Black participants (17%) reported loneliness at baseline visit compared with White participants (12%). Black and White participants who were lonely individuals had a similar rate of decline in global cognitive function at 0.075 (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.082 to -0.068) standard deviation unit (SDU) per year for Black participants and at 0.075 (95% CI = -0.086 to -0.063) SDU per year for White participants. Lonely participants with APOE-e4 had a higher rate of global cognitive decline at -0.102 (95% CI = -0.115 to -0.088) SDU per year than for lonely participants without APOE-e4 at -0.052 (95% CI = -0.059 to -0.045) SDU per year. CONCLUSIONS The burden of loneliness and its relation to cognitive decline is higher among participants with APOE-e4 compared with those without APOE-e4. Loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in both Black and White participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaja Desai
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kristin R. Krueger
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kumar B. Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
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Santiago JA, Quinn JP, Potashkin JA. Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Molecular Determinants of Loneliness Associated with Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065909. [PMID: 36982982 PMCID: PMC10058494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are detrimental to mental health and may lead to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Although several molecular signatures of loneliness have been identified, the molecular mechanisms by which loneliness impacts the brain remain elusive. Here, we performed a bioinformatics approach to untangle the molecular underpinnings associated with loneliness. Co-expression network analysis identified molecular 'switches' responsible for dramatic transcriptional changes in the nucleus accumbens of individuals with known loneliness. Loneliness-related switch genes were enriched in cell cycle, cancer, TGF-β, FOXO, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Analysis stratified by sex identified switch genes in males with chronic loneliness. Male-specific switch genes were enriched in infection, innate immunity, and cancer-related pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that loneliness-related switch genes significantly overlapped with 82% and 68% of human studies on Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), respectively, in gene expression databases. Loneliness-related switch genes, BCAM, NECTIN2, NPAS3, RBM38, PELI1, DPP10, and ASGR2, have been identified as genetic risk factors for AD. Likewise, switch genes HLA-DRB5, ALDOA, and GPNMB are known genetic loci in PD. Similarly, loneliness-related switch genes overlapped in 70% and 64% of human studies on major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, respectively. Nine switch genes, HLA-DRB5, ARHGAP15, COL4A1, RBM38, DMD, LGALS3BP, WSCD2, CYTH4, and CNTRL, overlapped with known genetic variants in depression. Seven switch genes, NPAS3, ARHGAP15, LGALS3BP, DPP10, SMYD3, CPXCR1, and HLA-DRB5 were associated with known risk factors for schizophrenia. Collectively, we identified molecular determinants of loneliness and dysregulated pathways in the brain of non-demented adults. The association of switch genes with known risk factors for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases provides a molecular explanation for the observed prevalence of these diseases among lonely individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judith A Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Ren Y, Savadlou A, Park S, Siska P, Epp JR, Sargin D. The impact of loneliness and social isolation on the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101061. [PMID: 36758770 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, observed at a higher incidence in women compared with men. Treatments aimed at improving pathology in AD remain ineffective to stop disease progression. This makes the detection of the early intervention strategies to reduce future disease risk extremely important. Isolation and loneliness have been identified among the major risk factors for AD. The increasing prevalence of both loneliness and AD emphasizes the urgent need to understand this association to inform treatment. Here we present a comprehensive review of both clinical and preclinical studies that investigated loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for AD. We discuss that understanding the mechanisms of how loneliness exacerbates cognitive impairment and AD with a focus on sex differences will shed the light for the underlying mechanisms regarding loneliness as a risk factor for AD and to develop effective prevention or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Aisouda Savadlou
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Soobin Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul Siska
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Epp
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada.
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7
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Drinkwater E, Davies C, Spires-Jones TL. Potential neurobiological links between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease risk. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5397-5412. [PMID: 34184343 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 40% of dementia cases could be prevented by modification of lifestyle factors that associate with disease risk. One of these potentially modifiable lifestyle factors is social isolation. In this review, we discuss what is known about associations between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. This is particularly relevant in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when social isolation has been enforced with potential emerging negative impacts on cognition. While there are neurobiological mechanisms emerging that may account for the observed epidemiological associations between social isolation and Alzheimer's disease, more fundamental research is needed to fully understand the brain changes induced by isolation that may make people vulnerable to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Shen C, Rolls ET, Cheng W, Kang J, Dong G, Xie C, Zhao XM, Sahakian BJ, Feng J. Associations of Social Isolation and Loneliness With Later Dementia. Neurology 2022; 99:e164-e175. [PMID: 35676089 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the independent associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident dementia and to explore the potential neurobiological mechanisms. METHODS We utilized the UK Biobank cohort to establish Cox proportional hazard models with social isolation and loneliness as separate exposures. Demographic (sex, age, and ethnicity), socioeconomic (education level, household income, and Townsend deprivation index), biological (body mass index, APOE genotype, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other), cognitive (speed of processing and visual memory), behavioral (current smoker, alcohol intake, and physical activity), and psychological (social isolation or loneliness, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism) factors measured at baseline were adjusted. Then, voxel-wise brainwide association analyses were used to identify gray matter volumes (GMVs) associated with social isolation and with loneliness. Partial least squares regression was performed to test the spatial correlation of GMV differences and gene expression using the Allen Human Brain Atlas. RESULTS We included 462,619 participants (mean age at baseline 57.0 years [SD 8.1]). With a mean follow-up of 11.7 years (SD 1.7), 4,998 developed all-cause dementia. Social isolation was associated with a 1.26-fold increased risk of dementia (95% CI, 1.15-1.37) independently of various risk factors including loneliness and depression (i.e., full adjustment). However, the fully adjusted hazard ratio for dementia related to loneliness was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.94-1.16) and 75% of this relationship was attributable to depressive symptoms. Structural MRI data were obtained from 32,263 participants (mean age 63.5 years [SD 7.5]). Socially isolated individuals had lower GMVs in temporal, frontal, and other (e.g., hippocampal) regions. Mediation analysis showed that the identified GMVs partly mediated the association between social isolation at baseline and cognitive function at follow-up. Social isolation-related lower GMVs were related to underexpression of genes that are downregulated in Alzheimer disease and to genes that are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation. DISCUSSION Social isolation is a risk factor for dementia that is independent of loneliness and many other covariates. Social isolation-related brain structural differences coupled with different molecular functions also support the associations of social isolation with cognition and dementia. Social isolation may thus be an early indicator of an increased risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shen
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying Dong
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xie
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Ming Zhao
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- From the Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence (C.S., W.C., J.K., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., B.S., J.F.), Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education (C.S., G.D., C.X., X.-M.Z., J.F.), Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences (J.K.), and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science (X.-M.Z., J.F.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science (E.R., J.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience (E.R.); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (B.S.) and Department of Psychiatry (B.S.), University of Cambridge, UK; and Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center (J.F.), Shanghai, China.
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Zhang Y, Tatewaki Y, Liu Y, Tomita N, Nagasaka T, Muranaka M, Yamamoto S, Takano Y, Nakase T, Mutoh T, Taki Y. Perceived social isolation is correlated with brain structure and cognitive trajectory in Alzheimer’s disease. GeroScience 2022; 44:1563-1574. [PMID: 35526259 PMCID: PMC9079214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both objective and perceived social isolations were associated with future cognitive decline and increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the impacts of perceived social isolation depending on different clinical stages of AD have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived social isolation or loneliness on brain structure and future cognitive trajectories in patients who are living with or are at risk for AD. A total of 176 elderly patients (mean age of 78 years) who had complaint of memory problems (39 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 53 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], 84 AD) underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological testing. Loneliness was measured by one binary item question “Do you often feel lonely?.” Voxel-based morphometry was conducted to evaluate regional gray matter volume (rGMV) difference associated with loneliness in each group. To evaluate individual differences in cognitive trajectories based on loneliness, subgroup analysis was performed in 51 patients with AD (n = 23) and pre-dementia status (SCD-MCI, n = 28) using the longitudinal scores of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component-Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog). Whole brain VBM analysis comparing lonely to non-lonely patients revealed loneliness was associated with decreased rGMV in bilateral thalamus in SCD patients and in the left middle occipital gyrus and the cerebellar vermal lobules I − V in MCI patients. Annual change of ADAS-Jcog in patients who reported loneliness was significantly greater comparing to these non-lonely in SCD-MCI group, but not in AD group. Our results indicate that perceived social isolation, or loneliness, might be a comorbid symptom of patients with SCD or MCI, which makes them more vulnerable to the neuropathology of future AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yingxu Liu
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nagasaka
- Division of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiho Muranaka
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Takano
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Taizen Nakase
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, 010-0874, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neuroimaging, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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10
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Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Mixed Neuropathologies, Neural Motor Resilience and Target Discovery for Therapies of Late-Life Motor Impairment. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:853330. [PMID: 35399360 PMCID: PMC8987574 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.853330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
By age 85, most adults manifest some degree of motor impairment. However, in most individuals a specific etiology for motor decline and treatment to modify its inexorable progression cannot be identified. Recent clinical-pathologic studies provide evidence that mixed-brain pathologies are commonly associated with late-life motor impairment. Yet, while nearly all older adults show some degree of accumulation of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) pathologies, the extent to which these pathologies contribute to motor decline varies widely from person to person. Slower or faster than expected motor decline in the presence of brain injury and/or pathology has been conceptualized as more or less "resilience" relative to the average person This suggests that other factors, such as lifestyles or other neurobiologic indices may offset or exacerbate the negative effects of pathologies via other molecular pathways. The mechanisms underlying neural motor resilience are just beginning to be illuminated. Unlike its cousin, cognitive resilience which is restricted to neural mechanisms above the neck, the motor system extends the total length of the CNS and beyond the CNS to reach muscle and musculoskeletal structures, all of which are crucial for motor function. Building on prior work, we propose that by isolating motor decline unrelated to neuropathologies and degeneration, investigators can identify genes and proteins that may provide neural motor resilience. Elucidating these molecular mechanisms will advance our understanding of the heterogeneity of late-life motor impairment. This approach will also provide high value therapeutic targets for drug discovery of therapies that may offset the negative motor consequences of CNS pathologies that are currently untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Aron S. Buchman,
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Chen YW, Wengler K, He X, Canli T. Individual Differences in Cerebral Perfusion as a Function of Age and Loneliness. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:1-23. [PMID: 34036895 PMCID: PMC8617054 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1929748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is defined as the subjective feeling that one's social needs are not satisfied by both quantity and quality of one's social relationships. Loneliness has been linked to a broad range of adverse physical and mental health consequences. There is an interest in identifying the neural and molecular processes by which loneliness adversely affects health. Prior imaging studies reported divergent networks involved in cognitive, emotional, and social processes associated with loneliness. Although loneliness is common among both younger and older adults, it is experienced differently across the lifespan and has different antecedents and consequences. The current study measured regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pulsed arterial spin labeling imaging. Forty-five older (Mage = 63.4) and forty-four younger adults (Mage = 20.9) with comparable degrees of loneliness were included. Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis revealed a main effect of age (in superior temporal and supramarginal gyri), but no main effect of loneliness. Furthermore, the age effect was only observed among people who reported higher level of loneliness. These regions have previously been implicated in social- and attention-related functions. The moderation of loneliness on age and regional CBF suggests that younger and older individuals present differential neural manifestations in response to loneliness, even with comparable levels of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding author: Yen-Wen Chen, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Psychology B Building, Room 325, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
| | - Kenneth Wengler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Turhan Canli
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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12
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Lam JA, Murray ER, Yu KE, Ramsey M, Nguyen TT, Mishra J, Martis B, Thomas ML, Lee EE. Neurobiology of loneliness: a systematic review. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1873-1887. [PMID: 34230607 PMCID: PMC8258736 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Deeper understanding of neurobiological mechanisms underlying loneliness is needed to identify potential intervention targets. We did not find any systematic review of neurobiology of loneliness. Using MEDLINE and PsycINFO online databases, we conducted a search for peer-reviewed publications examining loneliness and neurobiology. We identified 41 studies (n = 16,771 participants) that had employed various methods including computer tomography (CT), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and post-mortem brain tissue RNA analysis or pathological analysis. Our synthesis of the published findings shows abnormal structure (gray matter volume or white matter integrity) and/or activity (response to pleasant versus stressful images in social versus nonsocial contexts) in the prefrontal cortex (especially medial and dorsolateral), insula (particularly anterior), amygdala, hippocampus, and posterior superior temporal cortex. The findings related to ventral striatum and cerebellum were mixed. fMRI studies reported links between loneliness and differential activation of attentional networks, visual networks, and default mode network. Loneliness was also related to biological markers associated with Alzheimer's disease (e.g., amyloid and tau burden). Although the published investigations have limitations, this review suggests relationships of loneliness with altered structure and function in specific brain regions and networks. We found a notable overlap in the regions involved in loneliness and compassion, the two personality traits that are inversely correlated in previous studies. We have offered recommendations for future research studies of neurobiology of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Lam
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Emily R. Murray
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kasey E. Yu
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Marina Ramsey
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Tanya T. Nguyen
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Brian Martis
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Michael L. Thomas
- grid.47894.360000 0004 1936 8083Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Ellen E. Lee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
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13
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Ravona-Springer R, Sharvit-Ginon I, Ganmore I, Greenbaum L, Bendlin BB, Sternberg SA, Livny A, Domachevsky L, Sandler I, Ben Haim S, Golan S, Ben-Ami L, Lesman-Segev O, Manzali S, Heymann A, Beeri MS. The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) Study: Design and Baseline Characteristics. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:777-788. [PMID: 33044181 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased dementia-risk. OBJECTIVE The Israel Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (IRAP) is a prospective longitudinal study of asymptomatic middle-aged offspring of AD patients (family history positive; FH+) and controls (whose parents have aged without dementia; FH-) aimed to unravel the contribution of midlife factors to future cognitive decline and dementia. Here we present the study design, methods, and baseline characteristics. METHODS Participants are members of the Maccabi Health Services, 40-65 years of age, with exquisitely detailed laboratory, medical diagnoses and medication data available in the Maccabi electronic medical records since 1998. Data collected through IRAP include genetic, sociodemographic, cognitive, brain imaging, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics at baseline and every three years thereafter. RESULTS Currently IRAP has 483 participants [mean age 54.95 (SD = 6.68) and 64.8% (n = 313) women], 379 (78.5%) FH+, and 104 (21.5%) FH-. Compared to FH-, FH+ participants were younger (p = 0.011), more often males (p = 0.003) and with a higher prevalence of the APOE E4 allele carriers (32.9% FH+, 22% FH-; p = 0.040). Adjusting for age, sex, and education, FH+ performed worse than FH-in global cognition (p = 0.027) and episodic memory (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Lower cognitive scores and higher rates of the APOE E4 allele carriers among the FH+ group suggest that FH ascertainment is good. The combination of long-term historical health-related data available through Maccabi with the multifactorial information collected through IRAP will potentially enable development of dementia-prevention strategies already in midlife, a critical period in terms of risk factor exposure and initiation of AD-neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Sharvit-Ginon
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Israel Sandler
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Simona Ben Haim
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London and UCL Hospitals, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sapir Golan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liat Ben-Ami
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- Department of Diagnostic imaging, Seba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigalit Manzali
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Smith CJ, Bilbo SD. Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:633664. [PMID: 33692712 PMCID: PMC7937950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.633664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, our social networks are at risk of fracture and many are vulnerable to the negative consequences of social isolation. Importantly, infection itself leads to changes in social behavior as a component of "sickness behavior." Furthermore, as in the case of COVID-19, males and females often differ in their immunological response to infection, and, therefore, in their susceptibility to negative outcomes. In this review, we discuss the many ways in which infection changes social behavior-sometimes to the benefit of the host, and in some instances for the sake of the pathogen-in species ranging from eusocial insects to humans. We also explore the neuroimmune mechanisms by which these changes in social behavior occur. Finally, we touch upon the ways in which the social environment (group living, social isolation, etc.) shapes the immune system and its ability to respond to challenge. Throughout we emphasize how males and females differ in their response to immune activation, both behaviorally and physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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15
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Christiansen J, Lund R, Qualter P, Andersen CM, Pedersen SS, Lasgaard M. Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Chronic Disease Outcomes. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:203-215. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that loneliness and social isolation (SI) are serious public health concerns. However, our knowledge of the associations of loneliness and SI with specific chronic diseases is limited.PurposeThe present prospective cohort study investigated (a) the longitudinal associations of loneliness and SI with four chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease [CVD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes mellitus Type 2 [T2D], and cancer), (b) the synergistic association of loneliness and SI with chronic disease, and (c) baseline psychological and behavioral explanatory factors.MethodsSelf-reported data from the 2013 Danish “How are you?” survey (N = 24,687) were combined with individual-level data from the National Danish Patient Registry on diagnoses in a 5 year follow-up period (2013–2018).ResultsCox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that loneliness and SI were independently associated with CVD (loneliness: adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.03, 1.40]; SI: AHR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.04, 146]) and T2D (loneliness: AHR =1.90, 95% CI [1.42, 2.55]; SI: AHR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.15, 2.21]). No significant associations were found between loneliness or SI and COPD and cancer, respectively. Likewise, loneliness and SI did not demonstrate a synergistic effect on chronic disease. Multiple mediation analysis indicated that loneliness and SI had an indirect effect on CVD and T2D through both baseline psychological and behavioral factors.ConclusionLoneliness and SI were independently associated with a diagnosis of CVD and T2D within a 5 year follow-up period. The associations of loneliness and SI with CVD and T2D were fully explained by baseline psychological and behavioral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Service Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus N, Denmark
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16
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Feng C, Wang L, Li T, Xu P. Connectome-based individualized prediction of loneliness. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:353-365. [PMID: 30874805 PMCID: PMC6523423 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is an increasingly prevalent condition linking with enhanced morbidity and premature mortality. Despite recent proposal on medicalization of loneliness, so far no effort has been made to establish a model capable of predicting loneliness at the individual level. Here, we applied a machine-learning approach to decode loneliness from whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). The relationship between whole-brain RSFC and loneliness was examined in a linear predictive model. The results revealed that individual loneliness could be predicted by within- and between-network connectivity of prefrontal, limbic and temporal systems, which are involved in cognitive control, emotional processing and social perceptions and communications, respectively. Key nodes that contributed to the prediction model comprised regions previously implicated in loneliness, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral orbital frontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, caudate, amygdala and temporal regions. Our findings also demonstrated that both loneliness and associated neural substrates are modulated by levels of neuroticism and extraversion. The current data-driven approach provides the first evidence on the predictive brain features of loneliness based on organizations of intrinsic brain networks. Our work represents initial efforts in the direction of making individualized prediction of loneliness that could be useful for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Neuroimaging, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Lozupone M, La Montagna M, Di Gioia I, Sardone R, Resta E, Daniele A, Giannelli G, Bellomo A, Panza F. Social Frailty in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577113. [PMID: 33240129 PMCID: PMC7669751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Special attention and efforts to protect from or reduce health-related outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus triggering coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), should be applied in susceptible populations, including frail older people. In particular, the early death cases occurred primarily in older people with a frailty status, possibly due to a weaker immune system fostering faster progression of the viral infection. Frailty is an age-related multidimensional clinical condition defined as a non-specific state of vulnerability, identifying older people at increased risk of falls, institutionalization, hospitalization, disability, dementia, and death. Among frailty phenotypes, social frailty has been least studied. It considers the role of socioeconomic context as a vulnerability status later in life. COVID-19 does not affect all populations equally, and social inequalities contribute to drive the spread of infections. It was known that the perception of social isolation, e.g., loneliness, affects mental and physical health, but the implicated molecular mechanisms, also related to the immune system, and its associated cognitive and health-related sequelae, are poorly understood. The increasing psychological distress derived by prolonged exposure to stress due to the lockdown scenario, and the reduced sources of support, contributed to making heavy demands on personal resources, i.e., self-efficacy and interpersonal variables. So, perceived loneliness may be a factor associated with psychological distress and an outcome in itself. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, a correct assessment of social frailty may be essential in terms of the prevention of late-life neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maddalena La Montagna
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Gioia
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis," Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Resta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Translational Medicine and Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis," Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit - "Salus in Apulia Study" - National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis," Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
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18
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Buchman AS, Yu L, Petyuk VA, Gaiteri C, Tasaki S, Blizinsky KD, Schneider JA, De Jager PL, Bennett DA. Cognition may link cortical IGFBP5 levels with motor function in older adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220968. [PMID: 31404102 PMCID: PMC6690580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) may manifest cognitive and non-cognitive phenotypes including motor impairment, suggesting a shared underlying biology. We tested the hypothesis that five cortical proteins identified from a gene network that drives AD and cognitive phenotypes are also related to motor function in the same individuals. We examined 1208 brains of older adults with motor and cognitive assessments prior to death. Cortical proteins were quantified with SRM proteomics and we collected indices of AD and other related pathologies. A higher level of IGFBP5 was associated with poorer motor function proximate to death but AK4, HSPB2, ITPK1 and PLXNB1 were unrelated to motor function. The association of IGFBP5 with motor function was unrelated to the presence of indices of brain pathologies. In contrast, the addition of a term for cognition attenuated the association of IGFBP5 with motor function by about 90% and they were no longer related. These data lend support for the idea that unidentified cortical proteins like IGFBP5, which may not manifest a known pathologic footprint, may contribute to motor and cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Katherine D. Blizinsky
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Snyder-Mackler N, Lea AJ. Functional genomic insights into the environmental determinants of mammalian fitness. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 53:105-112. [PMID: 30142491 PMCID: PMC6296864 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Both the social and physical environment shape health, reproduction, and survival across many species, and identifying how these effects manifest at the molecular level has long been a priority in medicine and evolutionary biology. The recent rise of functional genomics has enabled researchers to gain new insights into how environmental inputs shape variation in gene regulation, and consequently, downstream organism-level traits. Here, we discuss recent work on this topic, as well as key knowledge gaps. Research in this area spans a wide range of taxa, but we focus our review on mammalian species because of their close evolutionary proximity to humans and because of their relevance for understanding human health. Improving our understanding of how the environment and the genome are connected promises to shed new light on the mechanisms underlying environmentally-induced disease in humans, as well as the evolution of environmental sensitivity more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Bennett DA, Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Schneider JA. Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S161-S189. [PMID: 29865057 PMCID: PMC6380522 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project are both ongoing longitudinal clinical-pathologic cohort studies of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES To summarize progress over the past five years and its implications for understanding neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Participants in both studies are older adults who enroll without dementia and agree to detailed longitudinal clinical evaluations and organ donation. The last review summarized findings through the end of 2011. Here we summarize progress and study findings over the past five years and discuss new directions for how these studies can inform on aging and AD in the future. RESULTS We summarize 1) findings on the relation of neurobiology to clinical AD; 2) neurobiologic pathways linking risk factors to clinical AD; 3) non-cognitive AD phenotypes including motor function and decision making; 4) the development of a novel drug discovery platform. CONCLUSION Complexity at multiple levels needs to be understood and overcome to develop effective treatments and preventions for cognitive decline and AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Patricia A. Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL., USA
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