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McNaughton N, Bannerman D. THE HOMOGENOUS HIPPOCAMPUS: HOW HIPPOCAMPAL CELLS PROCESS AVAILABLE AND POTENTIAL GOALS. Prog Neurobiol 2024:102653. [PMID: 38960002 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We present here a view of the firing patterns of hippocampal cells that is contrary, both functionally and anatomically, to conventional wisdom. We argue that the hippocampus responds to efference copies of goals encoded elsewhere; and that it uses these to detect and resolve conflict or interference between goals in general. While goals can involve space, hippocampal cells do not encode spatial (or other special types of) memory, as such. We also argue that the transverse circuits of the hippocampus operate in an essentially homogeneous way along its length. The apparently different functions of different parts (e.g. memory retrieval versus anxiety) result from the different (situational/motivational) inputs on which those parts perform the same fundamental computational operations. On this view, the key role of the hippocampus is the iterative adjustment, via Papez-like circuits, of synaptic weights in cell assemblies elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McNaughton
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, POB56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - David Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England
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2
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Xiang LY, Chen XY, Lu LM, Kong MH, Ji Q, Xiong Y, Xie MM, Jian XL, Zhu ZR. Mechanisms of Neuronal Reactivation in Memory Consolidation: A Perspective from Pathological Conditions. Neuroscience 2024; 551:196-204. [PMID: 38810690 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Memory consolidation refers to a process by which labile newly formed memory traces are progressively strengthened into long term memories and become more resistant to interference. Recent work has revealed that spontaneous hippocampal activity during rest, commonly referred to as "offline" activity, plays a critical role in the process of memory consolidation. Hippocampal reactivation occurs during sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), which are events associated with highly synchronous neural firing in the hippocampus and modulation of neural activity in distributed brain regions. Memory consolidation occurs primarily through a coordinated communication between hippocampus and neocortex. Cortical slow oscillations drive the repeated reactivation of hippocampal memory representations together with SWRs and thalamo-cortical spindles, inducing long-lasting cellular and network modifications responsible for memory stabilization.In this review, we aim to comprehensively cover the field of "reactivation and memory consolidation" research by detailing the physiological mechanisms of neuronal reactivation and firing patterns during SWRs and providing a discussion of more recent key findings. Several mechanistic explanations of neuropsychiatric diseases propose that impaired neural replay may underlie some of the symptoms of the disorders. Abnormalities in neuronal reactivation are a common phenomenon and cause pathological impairment in several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy and schizophrenia. However, the specific pathological changes and mechanisms of reactivation in each disease are different. Recent work has also enlightened some of the underlying pathological mechanisms of neuronal reactivation in these diseases. In this review, we further describe how SWRs, ripples and slow oscillations are affected in Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. We then compare the differences of neuronal reactivation and discuss how different reactivation abnormalities cause pathological changes in these diseases. Aberrant neural reactivation provides insights into disease pathogenesis and may even serve as biomarkers for early disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ying Xiang
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Kong
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qi Ji
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mei-Ming Xie
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin-Ling Jian
- No. 950 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Yecheng, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Wang L, Wang L, Chen J, Qiu C, Liu T, Wu Y, Li Y, Zou P, Guo S, Lu J. Five-week music therapy improves overall symptoms in schizophrenia by modulating theta and gamma oscillations. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1358726. [PMID: 38505791 PMCID: PMC10948521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1358726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some clinical studies have shown that music therapy as an adjunctive therapy can improve overall symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural mechanisms of this improvement remain unclear due to insufficient neuroimaging evidence. Methods In this work, 17 patients with schizophrenia accepted a five-week music therapy (music group) that integrated listening, singing, and composing, and required patients to cooperate in a group to complete music therapy tasks. Meanwhile, 15 patients with schizophrenia received a five-week visual art intervention as the control group including handicraft and painting activities. We collected the Manchester Scale (MS) and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and electroencephalography (EEG) data before and after intervention in two groups. Results Behavioral results showed that both interventions mentioned above can effectively help patients with schizophrenia relieve their overall symptoms, while a trend-level effect was observed in favor of music therapy. The EEG results indicated that music therapy can improve abnormal neural oscillations in schizophrenia which is reflected by a decrease in theta oscillation in the parietal lobe and an increase in gamma oscillation in the prefrontal lobe. In addition, correlation analysis showed that in the music group, both reductions in theta oscillations in the parietal lobe and increases in gamma oscillations in the prefrontal lobe were positively correlated with the improvement of overall symptoms. Discussion These findings help us to better understand the neural mechanisms by which music therapy improves overall symptoms in schizophrenia and provide more evidence for the application of music therapy in other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Wang
- Music and Digital Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China
- Department of Musicology, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China
- Southwest Music Research Center, Key Research Base of Social Sciences in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu, China
| | - Liju Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxian Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxi Qiu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chengdu Dekang Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Yueling Music Therapy Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Zou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Sijia Guo
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Eltokhi A, Bertocchi I, Rozov A, Jensen V, Borchardt T, Taylor A, Proenca CC, Rawlins JNP, Bannerman DM, Sprengel R. Distinct effects of AMPAR subunit depletion on spatial memory. iScience 2023; 26:108116. [PMID: 37876813 PMCID: PMC10590979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies established a role for AMPARs in the mammalian forebrain in spatial memory performance. Here we generated global GluA1/3 double knockout mice (Gria1/3-/-) and conditional knockouts lacking GluA1 and GluA3 AMPAR subunits specifically from principal cells across the forebrain (Gria1/3ΔFb). In both models, loss of GluA1 and GluA3 resulted in reduced hippocampal GluA2 and increased levels of the NMDAR subunit GluN2A. Electrically-evoked AMPAR-mediated EPSPs were greatly diminished, and there was an absence of tetanus-induced LTP. Gria1/3-/- mice showed premature mortality. Gria1/3ΔFb mice were viable, and their memory performance could be analyzed. In the Morris water maze (MWM), Gria1/3ΔFb mice showed profound long-term memory deficits, in marked contrast to the normal MWM learning previously seen in single Gria1-/- and Gria3-/- knockout mice. Our results suggest a redundancy of function within the pool of available ionotropic glutamate receptors for long-term spatial memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacolog, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilaria Bertocchi
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute - Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy, 603022 Novgorod, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vidar Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thilo Borchardt
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy Taylor
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catia C. Proenca
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Sprengel
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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de Mooij-van Malsen JG, Röhrdanz N, Buschhoff AS, Schiffelholz T, Sigurdsson T, Wulff P. Task-specific oscillatory synchronization of prefrontal cortex, nucleus reuniens, and hippocampus during working memory. iScience 2023; 26:107532. [PMID: 37636046 PMCID: PMC10450413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory requires maintenance of and executive control over task-relevant information on a timescale of seconds. Spatial working memory depends on interactions between hippocampus, for the representation of space, and prefrontal cortex, for executive control. A monosynaptic hippocampal projection to the prefrontal cortex has been proposed to serve this interaction. However, connectivity and inactivation experiments indicate a critical role of the nucleus reuniens in hippocampal-prefrontal communication. We have investigated the dynamics of oscillatory coherence throughout the prefrontal-hippocampal-reuniens network in a touchscreen-based working memory task. We found that coherence at distinct frequencies evolved depending on phase and difficulty of the task. During choice, the reuniens did not participate in enhanced prefrontal-hippocampal theta but in gamma coherence. Strikingly, the reuniens was strongly embedded in performance-related increases in beta coherence, suggesting the execution of top-down control. In addition, we show that during working memory maintenance the prefrontal-hippocampal-reuniens network displays performance-related delay activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Röhrdanz
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schiffelholz
- Center of Integrative Psychiatry, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Stefanelli R. Theories of consciousness and psychiatric disorders - A comparative analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105204. [PMID: 37127069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness represent an efficient way to test theories of consciousness' (ToCs) predictions. So far, ToCs have mostly focused on disorders of quantitative awareness such as coma, vegetative state, spatial neglect and hemianopia. Psychiatric disorders, by contrast, have received little attention, leaving their contribution to consciousness research almost unexplored. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the relation between ToCs and psychiatric disorders - that is, the extent to which current ToCs can account for psychiatric symptomatology. First, I review direct and indirect evidence linking each ToC to psychiatry disorders. Next, I differentiate ToCs based on their theoretical and methodological ground, highlighting how they distinctively address neural, cognitive, and phenomenological aspects of conscious experience and, in turn, psychiatric symptoms. Finally, I refer to one specific symptom to directly compare ToCs' explanatory power. Overall, Temporospatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC) appears to provide a more comprehensive account of psychiatric disorders, suggesting that a novel dimension of consciousness (i.e., form of consciousness) may be needed to address more qualitative alterations in conscious experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Stefanelli
- Research Master in Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Harrison PJ, Bannerman DM. GRIN2A (NR2A): a gene contributing to glutamatergic involvement in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3568-3572. [PMID: 37736757 PMCID: PMC10730418 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of the glutamate system, particularly N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction, has long been postulated to be part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. An important development is provided by recent data that strongly implicate GRIN2A, the gene encoding the NR2A (GluN2A) NMDA receptor subunit, in the aetiology of the disorder. Rare variants and common variants are both robustly associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia. Some of the rare variants are point mutations likely affecting channel function, but most are predicted to cause protein truncation and thence result, like the common variants, in reduced gene expression. We review the genomic evidence, and the findings from Grin2a mutant mice and other models which give clues as to the likely phenotypic impacts of GRIN2A genetic variation. We suggest that one consequence of NR2A dysfunction is impairment in a form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, producing deficits in short-term habituation and thence elevated and dysregulated levels of attention, a phenotype of relevance to schizophrenia and its cognitive aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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8
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Identification of rare missense mutations in the glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit genes in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:20-25. [PMID: 36617743 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors significantly regulate the synaptic transmission and functions of various synaptic receptors. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide mutations in the glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA type (GRIA) gene family, which is associated with schizophrenia. METHODS The exon regions of four genes (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3, and GRIA4) encoding glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type proteins were resequenced in 516 patients with schizophrenia. We analyzed the protein function of the identified rare mutants via immunoblotting. RESULTS A total of 24 coding variants were detected in the GRIA gene family, including six missense mutations, 17 synonymous mutations, and one frameshift insertion. Notably, three ultra-rare missense mutations (GRIA1p.V182A, GRIA2p.P123Q, and GRIA4p.Y491H) were not documented in the single nucleotide polymorphism database, gnomAD genomes, and 1517 healthy controls available from Taiwan BioBank. Immunoblotting revealed GRIA4p.Y491H mutant with altered protein expressions in cultured cells compared with the wild type. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that, in some patients affected by schizophrenia, the GRIA gene family harbors rare functional mutations, which support rare coding variants that could contribute to the genetic architecture of this illness. The in-vitro impacts of these rare pathological mutations on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are worthy of future investigation.
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Glutamatergic dysfunction leads to a hyper-dopaminergic phenotype through deficits in short-term habituation: a mechanism for aberrant salience. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:579-587. [PMID: 36460723 PMCID: PMC9908551 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis in disorders like schizophrenia is commonly associated with aberrant salience and elevated striatal dopamine. However, the underlying cause(s) of this hyper-dopaminergic state remain elusive. Various lines of evidence point to glutamatergic dysfunction and impairments in synaptic plasticity in the etiology of schizophrenia, including deficits associated with the GluA1 AMPAR subunit. GluA1 knockout (Gria1-/-) mice provide a model of impaired synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia and exhibit a selective deficit in a form of short-term memory which underlies short-term habituation. As such, these mice are unable to reduce attention to recently presented stimuli. In this study we used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure phasic dopamine responses in the nucleus accumbens of Gria1-/- mice to determine whether this behavioral phenotype might be a key driver of a hyper-dopaminergic state. There was no effect of GluA1 deletion on electrically-evoked dopamine responses in anaesthetized mice, demonstrating normal endogenous release properties of dopamine neurons in Gria1-/- mice. Furthermore, dopamine signals were initially similar in Gria1-/- mice compared to controls in response to both sucrose rewards and neutral light stimuli. They were also equally sensitive to changes in the magnitude of delivered rewards. In contrast, however, these stimulus-evoked dopamine signals failed to habituate with repeated presentations in Gria1-/- mice, resulting in a task-relevant, hyper-dopaminergic phenotype. Thus, here we show that GluA1 dysfunction, resulting in impaired short-term habituation, is a key driver of enhanced striatal dopamine responses, which may be an important contributor to aberrant salience and psychosis in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
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Farrokhi A, Tafakori S, Daliri MR. Dynamic theta-modulated high frequency oscillations in rat medial prefrontal cortex during spatial working memory task. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113912. [PMID: 35835179 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of oscillatory rhythms at different frequencies is considered to provide a neuronal mechanism for information processing and transmission. These interactions have been suggested to have a vital role in cognitive functions such as working memory and decision-making. Here, we investigated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which is known to have a critical role in successful execution of spatial working memory tasks. We recorded local field potential oscillations from mPFC while rats performed a delayed-non-match-to-place (DNMTP) task. In the DNMTP task, the rat needed to decide actively about the pathway based on the information remembered in the first phase of each trial. Our analysis revealed a dynamic phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between theta and high frequency oscillations (HFOs). This dynamic coupling emerged near the turning point and diminished afterward. Further, theta activity during the delay period, which is thought of as the maintenance phase, in the absence of the coupling, can predict task completion time. We previously reported diminished rat performance in the DNMTP task in response to electromagnetic radiation. Here, we report an increase in the theta rhythm during delay activity besides diminishing the coupling after electromagnetic radiation. These findings suggest that the different roles of the mPFC in working memory could be supported by separate mechanisms: Theta activity during the delay period for information maintenance and theta-HFOs phase-amplitude coupling relating to the decision-making procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Farrokhi
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Shiva Tafakori
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Lab., Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114 Iran.
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11
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Blok LER, Boon M, van Reijmersdal B, Höffler KD, Fenckova M, Schenck A. Genetics, molecular control and clinical relevance of habituation learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104883. [PMID: 36152842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Habituation is the most fundamental form of learning. As a firewall that protects our brain from sensory overload, it is indispensable for cognitive processes. Studies in humans and animal models provide increasing evidence that habituation is affected in autism and related monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). An integrated application of habituation assessment in NDDs and their animal models has unexploited potential for neuroscience and medical care. With the aim to gain mechanistic insights, we systematically retrieved genes that have been demonstrated in the literature to underlie habituation. We identified 258 evolutionarily conserved genes across species, describe the biological processes they converge on, and highlight regulatory pathways and drugs that may alleviate habituation deficits. We also summarize current habituation paradigms and extract the most decisive arguments that support the crucial role of habituation for cognition in health and disease. We conclude that habituation is a conserved, quantitative, cognition- and disease-relevant process that can connect preclinical and clinical work, and hence is a powerful tool to advance research, diagnostics, and treatment of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elisabeth Rosalie Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marina Boon
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Boyd van Reijmersdal
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kira Daniela Höffler
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Bauminger H, Gaisler-Salomon I. Beyond NMDA Receptors: Homeostasis at the Glutamate Tripartite Synapse and Its Contributions to Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8617. [PMID: 35955750 PMCID: PMC9368772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are core symptoms of schizophrenia but remain poorly addressed by dopamine-based antipsychotic medications. Glutamate abnormalities are implicated in schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits. While the role of the NMDA receptor has been extensively studied, less attention was given to other components that control glutamate homeostasis. Glutamate dynamics at the tripartite synapse include presynaptic and postsynaptic components and are tightly regulated by neuron-astrocyte crosstalk. Here, we delineate the role of glutamate homeostasis at the tripartite synapse in schizophrenia-related cognitive dysfunction. We focus on cognitive domains that can be readily measured in humans and rodents, i.e., working memory, recognition memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. We describe tasks used to measure cognitive function in these domains in humans and rodents, and the relevance of glutamate alterations in these domains. Next, we delve into glutamate tripartite synaptic components and summarize findings that implicate the relevance of these components to specific cognitive domains. These collective findings indicate that neuron-astrocyte crosstalk at the tripartite synapse is essential for cognition, and that pre- and postsynaptic components play a critical role in maintaining glutamate homeostasis and cognitive well-being. The contribution of these components to cognitive function should be considered in order to better understand the role played by glutamate signaling in cognition and develop efficient pharmacological treatment avenues for schizophrenia treatment-resistant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Bauminger
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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13
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Krgovic D, Gorenjak M, Rihar N, Opalic I, Stangler Herodez S, Gregoric Kumperscak H, Dovc P, Kokalj Vokac N. Impaired Neurodevelopmental Genes in Slovenian Autistic Children Elucidate the Comorbidity of Autism With Other Developmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912671. [PMID: 35813072 PMCID: PMC9259896 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a phenotypically heterogeneous group of patients that strongly intertwine with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with genetics playing a significant role in their etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has become predominant in molecular diagnostics for ASD by considerably increasing the diagnostic yield. However, the proportion of undiagnosed patients still remains high due to complex clinical presentation, reduced penetrance, and lack of segregation analysis or clinical information. Thus, reverse phenotyping, where we first identified a possible genetic cause and then determine its clinical relevance, has been shown to be a more efficient approach. WES was performed on 147 Slovenian pediatric patients with suspected ASD. Data analysis was focused on identifying ultrarare or “single event” variants in ASD-associated genes and further expanded to NDD-associated genes. Protein function and gene prioritization were performed on detected clinically relevant variants to determine their role in ASD etiology and phenotype. Reverse phenotyping revealed a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in ASD-associated genes in 20.4% of patients, with subsequent segregation analysis indicating that 14 were de novo variants and 1 was presumed compound heterozygous. The diagnostic yield was further increased by 2.7% by the analysis of ultrarare or “single event” variants in all NDD-associated genes. Protein function analysis established that genes in which variants of unknown significance (VUS) were detected were predominantly the cause of intellectual disability (ID), and in most cases, features of ASD as well. Using such an approach, variants in rarely described ASD-associated genes, such as SIN3B, NR4A2, and GRIA1, were detected. By expanding the analysis to include functionally similar NDD genes, variants in KCNK9, GNE, and other genes were identified. These would probably have been missed by classic genotype–phenotype analysis. Our study thus demonstrates that in patients with ASD, analysis of ultrarare or “single event” variants obtained using WES with the inclusion of functionally similar genes and reverse phenotyping obtained a higher diagnostic yield despite limited clinical data. The present study also demonstrates that most of the causative genes in our cohort were involved in the syndromic form of ASD and confirms their comorbidity with other developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Krgovic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Danijela Krgovic,
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nika Rihar
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Opalic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Spela Stangler Herodez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Peter Dovc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kokalj Vokac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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14
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Mallien AS, Pfeiffer N, Brandwein C, Inta D, Sprengel R, Palme R, Talbot SR, Gass P. Comparative Severity Assessment of Genetic, Stress-Based, and Pharmacological Mouse Models of Depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:908366. [PMID: 35783227 PMCID: PMC9245036 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.908366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of animals in neurosciences is pivotal to gaining insights into complex functions and dysfunctions of behavior. For example, various forms of physical and/or psychological stress are inherent to various animal models for psychiatric disorders, e.g., depression. Regarding animal welfare, it would be mandatory to use models that inflict the least amount of stress necessary to address the underlying scientific question. This study compared the severity of different approaches to induce depression in mice: mutagenesis in GluA1 knockout, immobilization stress, and stress-induction via stress hormone treatment. While genetic alterations potentially represent a lifelong burden, the temporary intervention only affects the animals for a limited time. Therefore, we used home cage-based behavioral and physiological parameters, including nest building, burrowing, body weight, and fecal corticosterone metabolites, to determine the well-being of male and female mice. In addition, we performed an evidence-based estimate of severity using a composite score for relative severity assessment (RELSA) with this data. We found that even though restraint stress and supplementation of corticosterone in the diet both aimed at depression-related precipitating stress effects, the latter affected the well-being much stronger, especially in females. Restraint leads to less noticeable well-being impairments but causes depression-associated anhedonic behavior. Mice of both sexes recovered well from the stress treatment. GluA1 KO and their littermates showed diminished well-being, comparable to the immobilization experiments. However, since this is a lifelong condition, this burden is not reversible and potentially accumulative. In line with the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), the process of choosing the most suitable model should ideally include an evidence-based severity assessment to be able to opt for the least severe alternative, which still induces the desired effect. Promoting refinement, in our study, this would be the restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Stephanie Mallien
- Research Group (RG) Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anne Stephanie Mallien,
| | - Natascha Pfeiffer
- Research Group (RG) Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- Research Group (RG) Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dragos Inta
- Research Group (RG) Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPIMF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Research Group (RG) Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Hawley LE, Prochaska F, Stringer M, Goodlett CR, Roper RJ. Sexually dimorphic DYRK1A overexpression on postnatal day 15 in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome: Effects of pharmacological targeting on behavioral phenotypes. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with PSD-95 and Its Interaction Partners. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084390. [PMID: 35457207 PMCID: PMC9025546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a massive protein complex, critical for synaptic strength and plasticity in excitatory neurons. Here, the scaffolding protein PSD-95 plays a crucial role as it organizes key PSD components essential for synaptic signaling, development, and survival. Recently, variants in DLG4 encoding PSD-95 were found to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with a variety of clinical features including intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Genetic variants in several of the interaction partners of PSD-95 are associated with similar phenotypes, suggesting that deficient PSD-95 may affect the interaction partners, explaining the overlapping symptoms. Here, we review the transmembrane interaction partners of PSD-95 and their association with neurodevelopmental disorders. We assess how the structural changes induced by DLG4 missense variants may disrupt or alter such protein-protein interactions, and we argue that the pathological effect of DLG4 variants is, at least partly, exerted indirectly through interaction partners of PSD-95. This review presents a direction for functional studies to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of deficient PSD-95, providing clues for therapeutic strategies.
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The shallow cognitive map hypothesis: A hippocampal framework for thought disorder in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35853896 PMCID: PMC9261089 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Memories are not formed in isolation. They are associated and organized into relational knowledge structures that allow coherent thought. Failure to express such coherent thought is a key hallmark of Schizophrenia. Here we explore the hypothesis that thought disorder arises from disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps. In doing so, we combine insights from two key lines of investigation, one concerning the neural signatures of cognitive mapping, and another that seeks to understand lower-level cellular mechanisms of cognition within a dynamical systems framework. Specifically, we propose that multiple distinct pathological pathways converge on the shallowing of Hippocampal attractors, giving rise to disorganized Hippocampal cognitive maps and driving conceptual disorganization. We discuss the available evidence at the computational, behavioural, network, and cellular levels. We also outline testable predictions from this framework, including how it could unify major chemical and psychological theories of schizophrenia and how it can provide a rationale for understanding the aetiology and treatment of the disease.
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18
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Korda A, Ventouras E, Asvestas P, Toumaian M, Matsopoulos G, Smyrnis N. Convolutional neural network propagation on electroencephalographic scalograms for detection of schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 139:90-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Kilonzo K, Strahnen D, Prex V, Gems J, van der Veen B, Kapanaiah SKT, Murthy BKB, Schulz S, Sprengel R, Bannerman D, Kätzel D. Distinct contributions of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors of different hippocampal subfields to salience processing, memory and impulse control. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:102. [PMID: 35288531 PMCID: PMC8921206 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a broad range of severe and currently pharmacoresistant cognitive deficits. Prior evidence suggests that hypofunction of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) containing the subunit GLUA1, encoded by GRIA1, might be causally related to impairments of selective attention and memory in this disorder, at least in some patients. In order to clarify the roles of GluA1 in distinct cell populations, we investigated behavioural consequences of selective Gria1-knockout in excitatory neurons of subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, assessing sustained attention, impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, anxiety, sociability, hyperactivity, and various forms of short-term memory in mice. We found that virally induced reduction of GluA1 across multiple hippocampal subfields impaired spatial working memory. Transgene-mediated ablation of GluA1 from excitatory cells of CA2 impaired short-term memory for conspecifics and objects. Gria1 knockout in CA3 pyramidal cells caused mild impairments of object-related and spatial short-term memory, but appeared to partially increase social interaction and sustained attention and to reduce motor impulsivity. Our data suggest that reduced hippocampal GluA1 expression-as seen in some patients with schizophrenia-may be a central cause particularly for several short-term memory deficits. However, as impulse control and sustained attention actually appeared to improve with GluA1 ablation in CA3, strategies of enhancement of AMPAR signalling likely require a fine balance to be therapeutically effective across the broad symptom spectrum of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasyoka Kilonzo
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Strahnen
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vivien Prex
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - John Gems
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bastiaan van der Veen
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bhargavi K. B. Murthy
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- grid.414703.50000 0001 2202 0959Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Bannerman
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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20
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Ang G, Brown LA, Tam SKE, Davies KE, Foster RG, Harrison PJ, Sprengel R, Vyazovskiy VV, Oliver PL, Bannerman DM, Peirson SN. Deletion of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit gene (Gria1) causes circadian rhythm disruption and aberrant responses to environmental cues. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:588. [PMID: 34782594 PMCID: PMC8593011 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluA1 subunit and deficits in synaptic plasticity are implicated in schizophrenia and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. To investigate the role of GluA1 in circadian and sleep behaviour, we used wheel-running, passive-infrared, and video-based home-cage activity monitoring to assess daily rest-activity profiles of GluA1-knockout mice (Gria1-/-). We showed that these mice displayed various circadian abnormalities, including misaligned, fragmented, and more variable rest-activity patterns. In addition, they showed heightened, but transient, behavioural arousal to light→dark and dark→light transitions, as well as attenuated nocturnal-light-induced activity suppression (negative masking). In the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), nocturnal-light-induced cFos signals (a molecular marker of neuronal activity in the preceding ~1-2 h) were attenuated, indicating reduced light sensitivity in the SCN. However, there was no change in the neuroanatomical distribution of expression levels of two neuropeptides-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP)-differentially expressed in the core (ventromedial) vs. shell (dorsolateral) SCN subregions and both are known to be important for neuronal synchronisation within the SCN and circadian rhythmicity. In the motor cortex (area M1/M2), there was increased inter-individual variability in cFos levels during the evening period, mirroring the increased inter-individual variability in locomotor activity under nocturnal light. Finally, in the spontaneous odour recognition task GluA1 knockouts' short-term memory was impaired due to enhanced attention to the recently encountered familiar odour. These abnormalities due to altered AMPA-receptor-mediated signalling resemble and may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and attentional deficits in different modalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Ang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurence A Brown
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- IT Services, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shu K E Tam
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay E Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Research Group of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research at the Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter L Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell, UK.
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Speers LJ, Bilkey DK. Disorganization of Oscillatory Activity in Animal Models of Schizophrenia. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:741767. [PMID: 34675780 PMCID: PMC8523827 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.741767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder with diverse symptomatology, including disorganized cognition and behavior. Despite considerable research effort, we have only a limited understanding of the underlying brain dysfunction. In this article, we review the potential role of oscillatory circuits in the disorder with a particular focus on the hippocampus, a region that encodes sequential information across time and space, as well as the frontal cortex. Several mechanistic explanations of schizophrenia propose that a loss of oscillatory synchrony between and within these brain regions may underlie some of the symptoms of the disorder. We describe how these oscillations are affected in several animal models of schizophrenia, including models of genetic risk, maternal immune activation (MIA) models, and models of NMDA receptor hypofunction. We then critically discuss the evidence for disorganized oscillatory activity in these models, with a focus on gamma, sharp wave ripple, and theta activity, including the role of cross-frequency coupling as a synchronizing mechanism. Finally, we focus on phase precession, which is an oscillatory phenomenon whereby individual hippocampal place cells systematically advance their firing phase against the background theta oscillation. Phase precession is important because it allows sequential experience to be compressed into a single 120 ms theta cycle (known as a 'theta sequence'). This time window is appropriate for the induction of synaptic plasticity. We describe how disruption of phase precession could disorganize sequential processing, and thereby disrupt the ordered storage of information. A similar dysfunction in schizophrenia may contribute to cognitive symptoms, including deficits in episodic memory, working memory, and future planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Bilkey
- Department of Psychology, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Sex- and subtype-specific adaptations in excitatory signaling onto deep-layer prelimbic cortical pyramidal neurons after chronic alcohol exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1927-1936. [PMID: 34035471 PMCID: PMC8429546 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term alcohol use results in behavioral deficits including impaired working memory, elevated anxiety, and blunted inhibitory control that is associated with prefrontal cortical (PFC) dysfunction. Preclinical observations demonstrate multiple impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission onto deep-layer principal cells (PCs) in the prelimbic cortex that suggest dependence-related cortical dysfunction is the product of elevated excitability in these cells. Despite accumulating evidence showing alcohol-induced changes in interneuron signaling onto PCs differ between sexes, there is limited data explicitly evaluating sex-specific ethanol effects on excitatory signaling onto deep-layer PCs that may further contribute to deficits in PFC-dependent behaviors. To address this, we conducted electrophysiological and behavioral tests in both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure. Among our observations, we report a marked enhancement in glutamatergic signaling onto deep-layer PCs in male, but not female, rats after alcohol exposure. This phenomenon was furthermore specific to a sub-class of PC, sub-cortically projecting Type-A cells, and coincided with enhanced anxiety-like behavior, but no observable deficit in working memory. In contrast, female rats displayed alcohol-induced facilitation in working memory performance with no change in expression of anxiety-like behavior. Together, these results suggest fundamental differences in alcohol effects on cell activity, cortical sub-circuits, and PFC-dependent behaviors across male and female rats.
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23
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Sun D, Kermani M, Hudson M, He X, Unnithan RR, French C. Effects of antipsychotic drugs and potassium channel modulators on spectral properties of local field potentials in mouse hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108572. [PMID: 33901515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded intracranially display a range of location-specific oscillatory spectra which have been related to cognitive processes. Although the mechanisms producing LFPs are not completely understood, it is likely that voltage-gated ion channels which produce action potentials and patterned discharges play a significant role. It is also known that antipsychotic drugs (APDs) affect LFP spectra and a direct inhibitory effect on voltage-gated potassium channels has been reported. Additionally, voltage-gated potassium channels have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a disorder for which APDs are primary therapies. In this study we sought to: i) better characterise the effects of two APDs on LFPs spectra and connectivity measures and ii) examine the effects of potassium channel modulators on LFPs and potential overlap of effects with APDs. Intracranial electrodes were implanted in hippocampus (HIP) and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of C57BL/6J mice; power spectra, coherence and phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling were measured. Drugs tested were APDs haloperidol and clozapine as well as voltage-gated potassium channel modulators (KVMs) 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium, retigabine and E-4031. Both APDs and KVMs significantly reduced gamma power except 4-AP, which conversely increased gamma power. Clozapine and retigabine additionally reduced gamma coherence between HIP and PFC, while 4-AP demonstrated the opposite effect. Phase-amplitude coupling between theta and gamma oscillations in HIP was significantly reduced by the administration of haloperidol and retigabine. These results provide previously undescribed effects of APDs on LFP properties and demonstrate novel modulation of LFP characteristics by KVMs that intriguingly overlap with the APD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechuan Sun
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mojtaba Kermani
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Chris French
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Milinski L, Fisher SP, Cui N, McKillop LE, Blanco-Duque C, Ang G, Yamagata T, Bannerman DM, Vyazovskiy VV. Waking experience modulates sleep need in mice. BMC Biol 2021; 19:65. [PMID: 33823872 PMCID: PMC8025572 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostatic regulation of sleep is reflected in the maintenance of a daily balance between sleep and wakefulness. Although numerous internal and external factors can influence sleep, it is unclear whether and to what extent the process that keeps track of time spent awake is determined by the content of the waking experience. We hypothesised that alterations in environmental conditions may elicit different types of wakefulness, which will in turn influence both the capacity to sustain continuous wakefulness as well as the rates of accumulating sleep pressure. To address this, we compared the effects of repetitive behaviours such as voluntary wheel running or performing a simple touchscreen task, with wakefulness dominated by novel object exploration, on sleep timing and EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during subsequent NREM sleep. RESULTS We find that voluntary wheel running is associated with higher wake EEG theta-frequency activity and results in longer wake episodes, as compared with exploratory behaviour; yet, it does not lead to higher levels of EEG SWA during subsequent NREM sleep in either the frontal or occipital derivation. Furthermore, engagement in a touchscreen task, motivated by food reward, results in lower SWA during subsequent NREM sleep in both derivations, as compared to exploratory wakefulness, even though the total duration of wakefulness is similar. CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests that sleep-wake behaviour is highly flexible within an individual and that the homeostatic processes that keep track of time spent awake are sensitive to the nature of the waking experience. We therefore conclude that sleep dynamics are determined, to a large degree, by the interaction between the organism and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Milinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Nanyi Cui
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura E McKillop
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Blanco-Duque
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Gauri Ang
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomoko Yamagata
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Jones ZB, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhou Y. Inhibition of 14-3-3 Proteins Alters Neural Oscillations in Mice. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:647856. [PMID: 33776658 PMCID: PMC7994333 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.647856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain’s communication, a result of functional and structural dysconnectivities. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit irregular neuronal circuit and network activity, but the causes and consequences of such activity remain largely unknown. Inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins in the mouse brain leads to the expression of multiple schizophrenia endophenotypes. Here we investigated how 14-3-3 inhibition alters neuronal network activity in the mouse hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), key brain regions implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. We implanted monopolar recording electrodes in these two regions to record local field potentials both at rest and during a cognitive task. Through our assessment of band power, coherence, and phase-amplitude coupling, we found that neural oscillations in the theta and gamma frequency ranges were altered as a result of 14-3-3 dysfunction. Utilizing transgenic and viral mouse models to assess the effects of chronic and acute 14-3-3 inhibition on oscillatory activities, respectively, we observed several fundamental similarities and differences between the two models. We localized viral mediated 14-3-3 protein inhibition to either the HPC or PFC, allowing us to assess the individual contributions of each region to the observed changes in neural oscillations. These findings identify a novel role of 14-3-3 proteins in neural oscillations that may have implications for our understanding of schizophrenia neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Hernández-Soto R, Villasana-Salazar B, Pinedo-Vargas L, Peña-Ortega F. Chronic intermittent hypoxia alters main olfactory bulb activity and olfaction. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113653. [PMID: 33607078 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is related to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA patients exhibit alterations in discrimination, identification and odor detection threshold. These olfactory functions strongly rely on neuronal processing within the main olfactory bulb (MOB). However, a direct evaluation of the effects of controlled CIH on olfaction and MOB network activity has not been performed. Here, we used electrophysiological field recordings in vivo to evaluate the effects of 21-day-long CIH on MOB network activity and its response to odors. In addition, we assessed animals´ olfaction with the buried food and habituation/dishabituation tests. We found that mice exposed to CIH show alterations in MOB spontaneous activity in vivo, consisting of a reduction in beta and gamma frequency bands power along with an increase in the theta band power. Likewise, the MOB was less responsive to odor stimulation, since the proportional increase of the power of its population activity in response to four different odorants was smaller than the one observed in control animals. These CIH-induced MOB functional alterations correlate with a reduction in the ability to detect, habituate and discriminate olfactory stimuli. Our findings indicate that CIH generates alterations in the MOB neural network, which could be involved in the olfactory deterioration in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hernández-Soto
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Villasana-Salazar
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Laura Pinedo-Vargas
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Strahnen D, Kapanaiah SKT, Bygrave AM, Kätzel D. Lack of redundancy between electrophysiological measures of long-range neuronal communication. BMC Biol 2021; 19:24. [PMID: 33557811 PMCID: PMC7871592 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Communication between brain areas has been implicated in a wide range of cognitive and emotive functions and is impaired in numerous mental disorders. In rodent models, various metrics have been used to quantify inter-regional neuronal communication. However, in individual studies, typically, only very few measures of coupling are reported and, hence, redundancy across such indicators is implicitly assumed. Results In order to test this assumption, we here comparatively assessed a broad range of directional and non-directional metrics like coherence, Weighted Phase Lag Index (wPLI), phase-locking value (PLV), pairwise phase consistency (PPC), parametric and non-parametric Granger causality (GC), partial directed coherence (PDC), directed transfer function (DTF), spike-phase coupling (SPC), cross-regional phase-amplitude coupling, amplitude cross-correlations and others. We applied these analyses to simultaneous field recordings from the prefrontal cortex and the ventral and dorsal hippocampus in the schizophrenia-related Gria1-knockout mouse model which displays a robust novelty-induced hyperconnectivity phenotype. Using the detectability of coupling deficits in Gria1−/− mice and bivariate correlations within animals as criteria, we found that across such measures, there is a considerable lack of functional redundancy. Except for three pairwise correlations—PLV with PPC, PDC with DTF and parametric with non-parametric Granger causality—almost none of the analysed metrics consistently co-varied with any of the other measures across the three connections and two genotypes analysed. Notable exceptions to this were the correlation of coherence with PPC and PLV that was found in most cases, and partial correspondence between these three measures and Granger causality. Perhaps most surprisingly, partial directed coherence and Granger causality—sometimes regarded as equivalent measures of directed influence—diverged profoundly. Also, amplitude cross-correlation, spike-phase coupling and theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling each yielded distinct results compared to all other metrics. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the difficulty of quantifying real correlates of inter-regional information transfer, underscores the need to assess multiple coupling measures and provides some guidelines which metrics to choose for a comprehensive, yet non-redundant characterization of functional connectivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-00950-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Strahnen
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sampath K T Kapanaiah
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Modulation of recognition memory performance by light and its relationship with cortical EEG theta and gamma activities. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 191:114404. [PMID: 33412102 PMCID: PMC8363935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute exposure to light exerts widespread effects on physiology, in addition to its key role in photoentrainment. Although the modulatory effect of light on physiological arousal is well demonstrated in mice, its effect on memory performance is inconclusive, as the direction of the effect depends on the nature of the behavioural task employed and/or the type of stimulus utilised. Moreover, in all rodent studies that reported significant effects of light on performance, brain activity was not assessed during the task and thus it is unclear how brain activity was modulated by light or the exact relationship between light-modulated brain activity and performance. Here we examine the modulatory effects of light of varying intensities on recognition memory performance and frontoparietal waking electroencephalography (EEG) in mice using the spontaneous recognition memory task. We report a light-intensity-dependent disruptive effect on recognition memory performance at the group level, but inspection of individual-level data indicates that light-intensity-dependent facilitation is observed in some cases. Using linear mixed-effects models, we then demonstrate that EEG fast theta (θ) activity at the time of encoding negatively predicts recognition memory performance, whereas slow gamma (γ) activity at the time of retrieval positively predicts performance. These relationships between θ/γ activity and performance are strengthened by increasing light intensity. Thus, light modulates θ and γ band activities involved in attentional and mnemonic processes, thereby affecting recognition memory performance. However, extraneous factors including the phase of the internal clock at which light is presented and homeostatic sleep pressure may determine how photic input is translated into behavioural performance.
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Graves AR, Roth RH, Tan HL, Zhu Q, Bygrave AM, Lopez-Ortega E, Hong I, Spiegel AC, Johnson RC, Vogelstein JT, Tward DJ, Miller MI, Huganir RL. Visualizing synaptic plasticity in vivo by large-scale imaging of endogenous AMPA receptors. eLife 2021; 10:66809. [PMID: 34658338 PMCID: PMC8616579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating how synaptic molecules such as AMPA receptors mediate neuronal communication and tracking their dynamic expression during behavior is crucial to understand cognition and disease, but current technological barriers preclude large-scale exploration of molecular dynamics in vivo. We have developed a suite of innovative methodologies that break through these barriers: a new knockin mouse line with fluorescently tagged endogenous AMPA receptors, two-photon imaging of hundreds of thousands of labeled synapses in behaving mice, and computer vision-based automatic synapse detection. Using these tools, we can longitudinally track how the strength of populations of synapses changes during behavior. We used this approach to generate an unprecedentedly detailed spatiotemporal map of synapses undergoing changes in strength following sensory experience. More generally, these tools can be used as an optical probe capable of measuring functional synapse strength across entire brain areas during any behavioral paradigm, describing complex system-wide changes with molecular precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Graves
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard H Roth
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Han L Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Elena Lopez-Ortega
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ingie Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alina C Spiegel
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard C Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Daniel J Tward
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael I Miller
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States,Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University School of EngineeringBaltimoreUnited States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States,Kavli Neuroscience Discovery InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
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30
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Ji Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Qin W, Liu H, Xue K, Tang J, Xu Q, Zhu D, Liu F, Yu C. Genes associated with gray matter volume alterations in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117526. [PMID: 33147509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both schizophrenia and gray matter volume (GMV) show high heritability, however, genes accounting for GMV alterations in schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Based on risk genes identified in schizophrenia by the genome-wide association study of the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we used transcription-neuroimaging association analysis to test that which of these genes are associated with GMV changes in schizophrenia. For each brain tissue sample, the expression profiles of 196 schizophrenia risk genes were extracted from six donated normal brains of the Allen Human Brain Atlas, and GMV differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls were calculated based on five independent case-control structural MRI datasets (276 patients and 284 controls). Genes associated with GMV changes in schizophrenia were identified by performing cross-sample spatial correlations between expression levels of each gene and case-control GMV difference derived from the five MRI datasets integrated by harmonization and meta-analysis. We found that expression levels of 98 genes consistently showed significant cross-sample spatial correlations with GMV changes in schizophrenia. These genes were functionally enriched for chemical synaptic transmission, central nervous system development, and cell projection. Overall, this study provides a set of genes possibly associated with GMV changes in schizophrenia, which could be used as candidate genes to explore biological mechanisms underlying the structural impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Huaigui Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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31
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徐 桂, 王 宁, 郭 苗, 张 天, 童 禹. [Analysis of time-frequency characteristics and coherence of local field potentials during working memory task of rats after high-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2020; 37:756-764. [PMID: 33140598 PMCID: PMC10320542 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.201912083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) is a painless and non-invasive method for stimulation and modulation in the field of cognitive neuroscience research and clinical neurological regulation. In this paper, adult Wistar rats were divided into the rTMS group and control group randomly. Rats in the rTMS group were stimulated with 5 Hz rTMS for 14 days, while the rats in the control group did not accept any stimulation. Then, the behavior and local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded synchronously when the rats perform a working memory (WM) task with T-maze. Finally, the time-frequency distribution and coherence characteristics of the LFPs signal in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory task were analyzed. The results showed that the rats in the rTMS group needed less training days to reach the task correction criterion than the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the rTMS group has higher energy (P < 0.01) in θ band (4~12 Hz) and γ band (30~80 Hz). The coherence between the channel pairs decreases as the spatial distance of the channel pairs increases, and the rTMS group exhibits a higher coherence than the control group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that 5 Hz rTMS can improve the excitability of rat prefrontal cortical neurons to a certain extent, and has a positive effect on the working memory ability of normal rats. The results of this paper may provide important theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of action of rTMS on WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- 桂芝 徐
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(天津 300130)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
| | - 宁 王
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(天津 300130)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
| | - 苗苗 郭
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(天津 300130)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
| | - 天恒 张
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(天津 300130)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
| | - 禹铭 童
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(天津 300130)State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
- 河北工业大学 电气工程学院 河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(天津 300130)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P.R.China
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Kätzel D, Wolff AR, Bygrave AM, Bannerman DM. Hippocampal Hyperactivity as a Druggable Circuit-Level Origin of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:486811. [PMID: 33178010 PMCID: PMC7596262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.486811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of current neuroleptics was largely aiming to decrease excessive dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. However, the notion that abnormal dopamine creates psychotic symptoms by causing an aberrant assignment of salience that drives maladaptive learning chronically during disease development suggests a therapeutic value of early interventions that correct salience-related neural processing. The mesolimbic dopaminergic output is modulated by several interconnected brain-wide circuits centrally involving the hippocampus and key relays like the ventral and associative striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus reuniens, lateral and medial septum, prefrontal and cingulate cortex, among others. Unraveling the causal relationships between these circuits using modern neuroscience techniques holds promise for identifying novel cellular—and ultimately molecular—treatment targets for reducing transition to psychosis and symptoms of schizophrenia. Imaging studies in humans have implicated a hyperactivity of the hippocampus as a robust and early endophenotype in schizophrenia. Experiments in rodents, in turn, suggested that the activity of its output region—the ventral subiculum—may modulate dopamine release from ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons in the ventral striatum. Even though these observations suggested a novel circuit-level target for anti-psychotic action, no therapy has yet been developed along this rationale. Recently evaluated treatment strategies—at least in part—target excess glutamatergic activity, e.g. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), levetiracetam, and mGluR2/3 modulators. We here review the evidence for the central implication of the hippocampus-VTA axis in schizophrenia-related pathology, discuss its symptom-related implications with a particular focus on aberrant assignment of salience, and evaluate some of its short-comings and prospects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kätzel
- Institute for Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amy R Wolff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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33
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Sherif MA, Neymotin SA, Lytton WW. In silico hippocampal modeling for multi-target pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:25. [PMID: 32958782 PMCID: PMC7506542 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of schizophrenia has had limited success in treating core cognitive symptoms. The evidence of multi-gene involvement suggests that multi-target therapy may be needed. Meanwhile, the complexity of schizophrenia pathophysiology and psychopathology, coupled with the species-specificity of much of the symptomatology, places limits on analysis via animal models, in vitro assays, and patient assessment. Multiscale computer modeling complements these traditional modes of study. Using a hippocampal CA3 computer model with 1200 neurons, we examined the effects of alterations in NMDAR, HCN (Ih current), and GABAAR on information flow (measured with normalized transfer entropy), and in gamma activity in local field potential (LFP). We found that altering NMDARs, GABAAR, Ih, individually or in combination, modified information flow in an inverted-U shape manner, with information flow reduced at low and high levels of these parameters. Theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling also had an inverted-U shape relationship with NMDAR augmentation. The strong information flow was associated with an intermediate level of synchrony, seen as an intermediate level of gamma activity in the LFP, and an intermediate level of pyramidal cell excitability. Our results are consistent with the idea that overly low or high gamma power is associated with pathological information flow and information processing. These data suggest the need for careful titration of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy to avoid extremes that alter information flow in different ways. These results also identify gamma power as a potential biomarker for monitoring pathology and multi-target pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Sherif
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, SUNY Downstate Medical Center/NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel A Neymotin
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - William W Lytton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, SUNY Downstate Medical Center/NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Adams RA, Bush D, Zheng F, Meyer SS, Kaplan R, Orfanos S, Marques TR, Howes OD, Burgess N. Impaired theta phase coupling underlies frontotemporal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Brain 2020; 143:1261-1277. [PMID: 32236540 PMCID: PMC7174039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dysconnectivity is a key pathology in schizophrenia. The specific nature of this dysconnectivity is unknown, but animal models imply dysfunctional theta phase coupling between hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We tested this hypothesis by examining neural dynamics in 18 participants with a schizophrenia diagnosis, both medicated and unmedicated; and 26 age, sex and IQ matched control subjects. All participants completed two tasks known to elicit hippocampal-prefrontal theta coupling: a spatial memory task (during magnetoencephalography) and a memory integration task. In addition, an overlapping group of 33 schizophrenia and 29 control subjects underwent PET to measure the availability of GABAARs expressing the α5 subunit (concentrated on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons). We demonstrate-in the spatial memory task, during memory recall-that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in schizophrenia, as is theta phase coupling between mPFC and mTL. Importantly, the latter cannot be explained by theta power changes, head movement, antipsychotics, cannabis use, or IQ, and is not found in other frequency bands. Moreover, mPFC-mTL theta coupling correlated strongly with performance in controls, but not in subjects with schizophrenia, who were mildly impaired at the spatial memory task and no better than chance on the memory integration task. Finally, mTL regions showing reduced phase coupling in schizophrenia magnetoencephalography participants overlapped substantially with areas of diminished α5-GABAAR availability in the wider schizophrenia PET sample. These results indicate that mPFC-mTL dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is due to a loss of theta phase coupling, and imply α5-GABAARs (and the cells that express them) have a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.,Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 10-12 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5EH, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Sofie S Meyer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raphael Kaplan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stelios Orfanos
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield University Hospital, 61 Glenburnie Rd, London SW17 7DJ, UK.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Liu Y, Huang L, Tong Y, Chen J, Gao D, Yang F. Association of retinal nerve fiber abnormalities with serum CNTF and cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9279. [PMID: 32676219 PMCID: PMC7335503 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported reductions in retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL) in schizophrenia. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has shown protective effects on both the neurogenesis and retina. This study aimed at investigating retinal abnormalities and establishing their correlation with serum CNTF and cognitive impairments in schizophrenic Chinese patients. METHODS In total, 221 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 149 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum CNTF and clinical features of patients were investigated. Cognitive functions were evaluated with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychology Status (RBANS). RNFL thickness and macular thickness (MT) of both eyes were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). T-tests and analysis of covariance were used to compare the variables between the patient and control groups, while multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of RNFL thickness, CNTF and cognitive impairments. RESULTS RNFL was found thinner in patients than in healthy controls (right: 88.18 ± 25.84 µm vs.102.13 ± 14.32 µm, p = 0.001; left: 92.84 ± 13.54 µm vs.103.71 ± 11.94 µm, p < 0.001). CNTF was lower in the schizophrenia group (1755.45 ± 375.73 pg/ml vs. 1909.99 ± 368.08 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Decline in RNFL thickness was found correlated with course of illness and serum CNTF in patients (all p < 0.05). Similarly, cognitive functions such as immediate memory and visuospatial functions were also found correlated with decline in RNFL thickness. CONCLUSION Decline in RNFL thickness was associated with cognitive impairments of schizophrenia and CNFT serum concentration. The possibility of reduction in RNFL thickness as a biomarker for schizophrenia needs to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- People's Hospital of Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Tong
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Gao
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kramvis I, van Westen R, Lammertse HCA, Riga D, Heistek TS, Loebel A, Spijker S, Mansvelder HD, Meredith RM. Dysregulated Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition in Prepubescent and Adolescent Fragile X Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:88. [PMID: 32528248 PMCID: PMC7264168 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in excitation and inhibition are associated with the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders of intellectual disability and autism and are widely described in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), essential for cognitive processing, excitatory connectivity and plasticity are found altered in the FXS mouse model, however, little is known about the state of inhibition. To that end, we investigated GABAergic signaling in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) knock out (Fmr1-KO) mouse medial PFC (mPFC). We report changes at the molecular, and functional levels of inhibition at three (prepubescence) and six (adolescence) postnatal weeks. Functional changes were most prominent during early postnatal development, resulting in stronger inhibition, through increased synaptic inhibitory drive and amplitude, and reduction of inhibitory short-term synaptic depression. Noise analysis of prepubescent post-synaptic currents demonstrated an increased number of receptors opening during peak current in Fmr1-KO inhibitory synapses. During adolescence amplitudes and plasticity changes normalized, however, the inhibitory drive was now reduced in Fmr1-KO, while synaptic kinetics were prolonged. Finally, adolescent GABAA receptor subunit α2 and GABAB receptor subtype B1 expression levels were different in Fmr1-KOs than WT littermate controls. Together these results extend the degree of synaptic GABAergic alterations in FXS, now to the mPFC of Fmr1-KO mice, a behaviourally relevant brain region in neurodevelopmental disorder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhodé van Westen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanna C A Lammertse
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danai Riga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Loebel
- Department of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rhiannon M Meredith
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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37
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Wang L, Zhao D, Wang M, Wang Y, Vreugdenhil M, Lin J, Lu C. Modulation of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations by Dopamine in Heterozygous Reeler Mice in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:586. [PMID: 32116553 PMCID: PMC7026475 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reelin haploinsufficient heterozygous reeler mice (HRM), an animal model of schizophrenia, have altered mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways and share similar neurochemical and behavioral properties with patients with schizophrenia. Dysfunctional neural circuitry with impaired gamma (γ) oscillation (30–80 Hz) has been implicated in abnormal cognition in patients with schizophrenia. However, the function of neural circuitry in terms of γ oscillation and its modulation by dopamine (DA) has not been reported in HRM. In this study, first, we recorded γ oscillations in CA3 from wild-type mice (WTM) and HRM hippocampal slices, and we studied the effects of DA on γ oscillations. We found that there was no difference in γ power between WTM and HRM and that DA increased γ power of WTM but not HRM, suggesting that DA modulations of network oscillations in HRM are impaired. Second, we found that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801 itself increased γ power and occluded DA-mediated enhancement of γ power in WTM but partially restored DA modulation of γ oscillations in HRM. Third, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), a downstream molecule of NMDAR, increased γ power and blocked the effects of DA on γ oscillation in WTM and had no significant effect on γ power but largely restored DA modulation of γ oscillations in HRM. Our results reveal that impaired DA function in HRM is associated with dysregulated NMDAR–PI3K signaling, a mechanism that may be relevant in the pathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-Invasive Neural Modulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-Invasive Neural Modulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-Invasive Neural Modulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-Invasive Neural Modulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Martin Vreugdenhil
- Department of Life Science, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Juntang Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- The International-Joint Lab for Non-Invasive Neural Modulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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38
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Huang X, Ding W, Wu F, Zhou S, Deng S, Ning Y. Increased Plasma Kynurenic Acid Levels are Associated with Impaired Attention/Vigilance and Social Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:263-271. [PMID: 32158211 PMCID: PMC6986175 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s239763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies have reported that abnormal kynurenic acid (KYNA) may play a role in cognitive deficits. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by a wide range of cognitive deficits that may evolve from abnormal KYNA. This study aimed to explore the relationship between KYNA and cognitive impairment in SCZ, which has not yet been reported. METHODS We recruited 30 SCZ patients and 34 healthy controls, measured clinical symptoms by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and performed cognitive tests using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, and KYNA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that plasma KYNA levels were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls (p=0.009). The cognitive performance of patients in the total MCCB scores and the scores of all subscales were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (all P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that KYNA levels were negatively correlated with attention/vigilance (r=-0.457, p=0.019) and social cognition (r=-0.481, p=0.013) only in SCZ patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that elevated plasma KYNA levels may serve as a biomarker of cognitive impairment in SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbing Huang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Ding
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumiao Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Deng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Ning
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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