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Spencer KD, Bline H, Chen HJ, Verosky BG, Hilt ME, Jaggers RM, Gur TL, Mathé EA, Bailey MT. Modulation of anxiety-like behavior in galactooligosaccharide-fed mice: A potential role for bacterial tryptophan metabolites and reduced microglial reactivity. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:229-243. [PMID: 39067620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) reduce anxiety-like behaviors in mice and humans. However, the biological pathways behind these behavioral changes are not well understood. To begin to study these pathways, we utilized C57BL/6 mice that were fed a standard diet with or without GOS supplementation for 3 weeks prior to testing on the open field. After behavioral testing, colonic contents and serum were collected for bacteriome (16S rRNA gene sequencing, colonic contents only) and metabolome (UPLC-MS, colonic contents and serum data) analyses. As expected, GOS significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior (i.e., increased time in the center) and decreased cytokine gene expression (Tnfa and Ccl2) in the prefrontal cortex. Notably, time in the center of the open field was significantly correlated with serum methyl-indole-3-acetic acid (methyl-IAA). This metabolite is a methylated form of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) that is derived from bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. Sequencing analyses showed that GOS significantly increased Lachnospiraceae UCG006 and Akkermansia; these taxa are known to metabolize both GOS and tryptophan. To determine the extent to which methyl-IAA can affect anxiety-like behavior, mice were intraperitoneally injected with methyl-IAA. Mice given methyl-IAA had a reduction in anxiety-like behavior in the open field, along with lower Tnfa in the prefrontal cortex. Methyl-IAA was also found to reduce TNF-α (as well as CCL2) production by LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Together, these data support a novel pathway through which GOS reduces anxiety-like behaviors in mice and suggests that the bacterial metabolite methyl-IAA reduces microglial cytokine and chemokine production, which in turn reduces anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Spencer
- Graduate Partnership Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather Bline
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Helen J Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Branden G Verosky
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miranda E Hilt
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert M Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ewy A Mathé
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Oral and GI Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Zhang J, Xin H, Wang W, Li Y, Wu R, Wei L, Su S, Wang X, Wang X, Wang X, Li L, Hu R. Investigating the modulatory effects of lactoferrin on depressed rats through 16S rDNA gene sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22111. [PMID: 39333605 PMCID: PMC11437287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a natural multifunctional glycoprotein with potential antidepressant-like effects. However, the mechanism of its antidepressant effect has not been explored from the perspective of gut flora metabolism. Therefore, we employed both 16S rDNA gene sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics analysis to investigate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of lactoferrin in a rat model of depression. After one week of acclimatization, twenty-four 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally assigned into three groups: the control group, the model group, and the lactoferrin intervention group. The control group rats were housed under standard conditions, while the rats in the model and lactoferrin intervention groups were individually housed and exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 44 days simultaneously. The lactoferrin intervention group was provided with water containing 2% lactoferrin (2 g/100 ml). Behavioural tests were conducted at week 7. Upon completion of the behavioral tests, the rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, humanely euthanized using a rat guillotine, and tissue samples were collected for further experiments. The results indicated that lactoferrin intervention led to an increase in sucrose solution consumption, horizontal movement distance, number of cross platforms, and residence time in the target quadrant. Additionally, it resulted in an increase in jejunal tight junction protein ZO-1 expression and a suppression of serum expression of inflammatory factors, Lipopolysaccharide and Diamine oxidase. In summary, lactoferrin can regulate the metabolic disorder of intestinal flora, reduce intestinal permeability, and further regulate the metabolic balance of hippocampal tissues through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This process ultimately alleviates the depression-like behavior in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Hongmei Xin
- College of Humanities Education , Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Wuji Wang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital/Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- School of Nursing,Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Riga Wu
- Mongolian Medicine College , Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Lisi Wei
- Mongolian Medicine College , Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Si Su
- Mongolian Medicine College , Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Li Li
- Basic Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
| | - Rilebagen Hu
- Mongolian Medicine College , Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
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Chen G, Zhang W, Chen Q, Dong M, Liu M, Liu G. Geniposide exerts the antidepressant effect by affecting inflammation and glucose metabolism in a mouse model of depression. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111182. [PMID: 39098740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental illness affecting patient's physical and mental health. However, long-term effects of existing therapeutic modalities for depression are not satisfactory. Geniposide is an iridoid compound highly expressed in gardenia jasminoides for removing annoyance. The activity of geniposide against depression has been widely studied while most studies concentrated on the expression levels of gene and protein. Herein, the aim of the present study was to employ non-target metabolomic platform of serum to investigate metabolic changes of depression mice and further verify in hippocampus for analyzing the antidepressant mechanism of geniposide. Then we discovered that 9 metabolites of serum were significantly increased in depressive group (prostaglandin E2, leukotriene C4, arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine (PC, 16:0/16:0), LysoPC (18:1 (9Z)/0:0), phosphatidylethanolamine (14:0/16:0), creatine, oleamide and aminomalonic acid) and 6 metabolites were decreased (indoxylsulfuric acid, testosterone, lactic acid, glucose 6-phosphate, leucine and valine). The levels of arachidonic acid, LysoPC, lactic acid and glucose 6-phosphate in hippocampus were consistent change with serum in depression mice. Most of them showed significant tendencies to be normal by geniposide treatment. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that arachidonic acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the main pathogenesis for the antidepressant effect of geniposide. In addition, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 were increased in depressive mice and reversed after geniposide treatment. This study revealed that abnormal metabolism of inflammatory response and glucose metabolism of the serum and hippocampus involved in the occurrence of depressive disorder and antidepressant effect of geniposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Meixue Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Maitre M, Taleb O, Jeltsch-David H, Klein C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Xanthurenic acid: A role in brain intercellular signaling. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2303-2315. [PMID: 38481090 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Xanthurenic acid (XA) raises a growing multidisciplinary interest based upon its oxidizing properties, its ability to complex certain metal ions, and its detoxifier capacity of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), its brain precursor. However, little is still known about the role and mechanisms of action of XA in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, many research groups have recently investigated XA and its central functions extensively. The present paper critically reviews and discusses all major data related to XA properties and neuronal activities to contribute to the improvement of the current knowledge on XA's central roles and mechanisms of action. In particular, our data showed the existence of a specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for XA localized exclusively in brain neurons exhibiting Ca2+-dependent dendritic release and specific electrophysiological responses. XA properties and central activities suggest a role for this compound in brain intercellular signaling. Indeed, XA stimulates cerebral dopamine (DA) release contrary to its structural analog, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Thus, KYNA/XA ratio could be fundamental in the regulation of brain glutamate and DA release. Cerebral XA may also represent an homeostatic signal between the periphery and several brain regions where XA accumulates easily after peripheral administration. Therefore, XA status in certain psychoses or neurodegenerative diseases seems to be reinforced by its brain-specific properties in balance with its formation and peripheral inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Maitre
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Omar Taleb
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Jeltsch-David
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
- Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Pu J, Gui S, Wang D, Zhong X, Tao W, Chen X, Chen W, Chen X, Qiao R, Li Z, Tao X, Xie P. Treatment response of venlafaxine induced alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in a mouse model of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01403-x. [PMID: 39150654 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Antidepressants remain the first-line treatment for depression. However, the factors influencing medication response are still unclear. Accumulating evidence implicates an association between alterations in gut microbiota and antidepressant response. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in the treatment response of venlafaxine. After chronic social defeat stress and venlafaxine treatment, mice were divided into responders and non-responders groups. We compared the composition of gut microbiota using 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Meanwhile, we quantified metabolomic alterations in serum and hippocampus, as well as hippocampal neurotransmitter levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that the abundances of 29 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were significantly altered between the responders and non-responders groups. These ASVs belonged to 8 different families, particularly Muribaculaceae. Additionally, we identified 38 and 39 differential metabolites in serum and hippocampus between the responders and non-responders groups, respectively. Lipid, amino acid, and purine metabolisms were enriched in both serum and hippocampus. In hippocampus, the concentrations of tryptophan, phenylalanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, and glutamine were increased, while the level of succinic acid was decreased in the responders group, compared with the non-responders group. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota may play a role in the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine by modulating metabolic processes in the central and peripheral tissues. This provides a novel microbial and metabolic framework for understanding the impact of the gut microbiota-brain axis on antidepressant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renjie Qiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuocan Li
- Psychologic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangkun Tao
- Psychologic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China.
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Teng T, Wang X, Yin B, Li X, Yu Y, Liu X, Wang J, Wu H, He Y, Zhu ZJ, Zhou X. Dysregulations of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in urine of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: a case-control study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1691-1703. [PMID: 38605232 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents are unclear. Metabolomics has been utilized to capture metabolic signatures of various psychiatric disorders; however, urinary metabolic profile of MDD in children and adolescents has not been studied. OBJECTIVES We analyzed urinary metabolites in children and adolescents with MDD to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic signatures. METHODS Here, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile metabolites in urine samples from 192 subjects, comprising 80 individuals with antidepressant-naïve MDD (AN-MDD), 37 with antidepressant-treated MDD (AT-MDD) and 75 healthy controls (HC). We performed orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to identify differential metabolites and employed logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis to establish a diagnostic panel. RESULTS In total, 143 and 71 differential metabolites were identified in AN-MDD and AT-MDD, respectively. These were primarily linked to lipid metabolism, molecular transport, and small molecule biochemistry. AN-MDD additionally exhibited dysregulated amino acid metabolism. Compared to HC, a diagnostic panel of seven metabolites displayed area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.792 for AN-MDD, 0.828 for AT-MDD, and 0.799 for all MDD. Furthermore, the urinary metabolic profiles of children and adolescents with MDD significantly differed from those of adult MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests dysregulated amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in the urine of children and adolescents with MDD, similar to results in plasma metabolomics studies. This contributes to the comprehension of mechanisms underlying children and adolescents with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangmin Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqian He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Filipović D, Inderhees J, Korda A, Tadić P, Schwaninger M, Inta D, Borgwardt S. Serum Metabolites as Potential Markers and Predictors of Depression-like Behavior and Effective Fluoxetine Treatment in Chronically Socially Isolated Rats. Metabolites 2024; 14:405. [PMID: 39195501 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic perturbation has been associated with depression. An untargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was employed to detect and measure the rat serum metabolic changes following chronic social isolation (CSIS), an animal model of depression, and effective antidepressant fluoxetine (Flx) treatment. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used for metabolic data analysis and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) determination. Potential markers and predictive metabolites of CSIS-induced depressive-like behavior and Flx efficacy in CSIS were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as support vector machine with linear kernel (SVM-LK) and random forest (RF). Upregulated choline following CSIS may represent a potential marker of depressive-like behavior. Succinate, stachydrine, guanidinoacetate, kynurenic acid, and 7-methylguanine were revealed as potential markers of effective Flx treatment in CSIS rats. RF yielded better accuracy than SVM-LK (98.50% vs. 85.70%, respectively) in predicting Flx efficacy in CSIS vs. CSIS, however, it performed almost identically in classifying CSIS vs. control (75.83% and 75%, respectively). Obtained DEMs combined with ROC curve and ML algorithms provide a research strategy for assessing potential markers or predictive metabolites for the designation or classification of stress-induced depressive phenotype and mode of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA", Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Bioanalytic Core Facility, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexandra Korda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Predrag Tadić
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Bioanalytic Core Facility, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dragoš Inta
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Wang X, Zhou J, Jiang T, Xu J. Deciphering the therapeutic potential of SheXiangXinTongNing: Interplay between gut microbiota and brain metabolomics in a CUMS mice model, with a focus on tryptophan metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155584. [PMID: 38704913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a prevalent and multifaceted mental disorder, has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its escalating prevalence and heightened risk of severe suicidality. Given its profound impact, the imperative for preventing and intervening in depression is paramount. Substantial evidence underscores intricate connections between depression and cardiovascular health. SheXiangXinTongNing (XTN), a recognized traditional Chinese medicine for treating Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), prompted our exploration into its antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms. In this investigation, we assessed XTN's antidepressant potential using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model and behavioral tests. Employing network pharmacology, we delved into the intricate mechanisms at play. We characterized the microbial composition and function in CUMS mice, both with and without XTN treatment, utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis. The joint analysis of these results via Cytoscape identified pivotal metabolic pathways. In the realm of network pharmacology, XTN administration exhibited antidepressant effects by modulating pathways such as IL-17, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, calcium, and dopamine synapse signaling pathways. Our findings revealed that XTN significantly mitigated depression-like symptoms and cognitive deficits in CUMS mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation and pyroptosis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing unveiled that XTN increased the alpha-diversity and beta-diversity of the gut microbiome in CUMS mice. Metabolomics analysis identified brain metabolites crucial for distinguishing between the CUMS and CUMS+XTN groups, with a focus on pathways like Tryptophan metabolism and Linoleic acid metabolism. Notably, specific bacterial families, including Alloprevotella, Helicobacter, Allobaculum, and Clostridia, exhibited robust co-occurring relationships with brain tryptophan metabolomics, hinting at the potential mediating role of gut microbiome alterations and metabolites in the efficacy of XTN treatment. In conclusion, our study unveils modifications in microbial compositions and metabolic functions may be pivotal in understanding the response to XTN treatment, offering novel insights into the mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianlin Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Khan MM, Khan ZA, Khan MA. Metabolic complications of psychotropic medications in psychiatric disorders: Emerging role of de novo lipogenesis and therapeutic consideration. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:767-783. [PMID: 38984346 PMCID: PMC11230099 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in understanding the patho-physiology of psychiatric disorders (PDs), therapeutic advances have not been very convincing. While psychotropic medications can reduce classical symptoms in patients with PDs, their long-term use has been reported to induce or exaggerate various pre-existing metabolic abnormalities including diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanism(s) underlying these metabolic abnormalities is not clear; however, lipid/fatty acid accumulation due to enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been shown to reduce membrane fluidity, increase oxidative stress and inflammation leading to the development of the aforementioned metabolic abnormalities. Intriguingly, emerging evidence suggest that DNL dysregulation and fatty acid accumulation could be the major mechanisms associated with the development of obesity, diabetes and NAFLD after long-term treatment with psychotropic medications in patients with PDs. In support of this, several adjunctive drugs comprising of anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, that are used in treating PDs in combination with psychotropic medications, have been shown to reduce insulin resistance and development of NAFLD. In conclusion, the above evidence suggests that DNL could be a potential pathological factor associated with various metabolic abnormalities, and a new avenue for translational research and therapeutic drug designing in PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Khan
- Laboratory of Translational Neurology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, and Faculty of Science, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
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10
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Pu J, Yu Y, Liu Y, Wang D, Gui S, Zhong X, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen X, Qiao R, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Fan L, Ren Y, Chen X, Wang H, Xie P. ProMENDA: an updated resource for proteomic and metabolomic characterization in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:229. [PMID: 38816410 PMCID: PMC11139925 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder with a complex biological mechanism. Following the rapid development of systems biology technology, a growing number of studies have applied proteomics and metabolomics to explore the molecular profiles of depression. However, a standardized resource facilitating the identification and annotation of the available knowledge from these scattered studies associated with depression is currently lacking. This study presents ProMENDA, an upgraded resource that provides a platform for manual annotation of candidate proteins and metabolites linked to depression. Following the establishment of the protein dataset and the update of the metabolite dataset, the ProMENDA database was developed as a major extension of its initial release. A multi-faceted annotation scheme was employed to provide comprehensive knowledge of the molecules and studies. A new web interface was also developed to improve the user experience. The ProMENDA database now contains 43,366 molecular entries, comprising 20,847 protein entries and 22,519 metabolite entries, which were manually curated from 1370 human, rat, mouse, and non-human primate studies. This represents a significant increase (more than 7-fold) in molecular entries compared to the initial release. To demonstrate the usage of ProMENDA, a case study identifying consistently reported proteins and metabolites in the brains of animal models of depression was presented. Overall, ProMENDA is a comprehensive resource that offers a panoramic view of proteomic and metabolomic knowledge in depression. ProMENDA is freely available at https://menda.cqmu.edu.cn .
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, MN, 55901, USA
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renjie Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanyi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- The Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401336, China.
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, 400072, China.
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11
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Xu K, Zhao S, Ren Y, Zhong Q, Feng J, Tu D, Wu W, Wang J, Chen J, Xie P. Elevated SCN11A concentrations associated with lower serum lipid levels in patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:202. [PMID: 38734669 PMCID: PMC11088647 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02916-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) involves lipid metabolism. Our earlier research also revealed that MDD patients had much lower total cholesterol (TC) concentrations than healthy controls (HCs). However, it is still unclear why TC decreased in MDD. Here, based on the Ingenuity Knowledge Base's ingenuity pathway analysis, we found that sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11A (SCN11A) might serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD. We analyzed the TC levels and used ELISA kits to measure the levels of SCN11A in the serum from 139 MDD patients, and 65 HCs to confirm this theory and explore the potential involvement of SCN11A in MDD. The findings revealed that TC levels were considerably lower and SCN11A levels were remarkably increased in MDD patients than those in HCs, while they were significantly reversed in drug-treatment MDD patients than in drug-naïve MDD patients. There was no significant difference in SCN11A levels among MDD patients who used single or multiple antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other antidepressants. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TC and SCN11A were linked with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scales score. A substantial association was also found between TC and SCN11A. Moreover, a discriminative model made up of SCN11A was discovered, which produced an area under a curve of 0.9571 in the training set and 0.9357 in the testing set. Taken together, our findings indicated that SCN11A may serve as a link between low lipid levels and MDD, and showed promise as a candidate biomarker for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Lab of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinzhou Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dianji Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaolin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Chen M, Wang L, Lou Y, Huang Z. Effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on gut microbiota and fecal amino acid and short-chain fatty acid pathways in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114930. [PMID: 38432300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disease that has a significant impact on social functioning. However, the exact causes of depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new pathways leading to depression. In this study, we used 16 S rDNA to examine changes in gut microbiota and predict related pathways in depression-like mice. Additionally, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify changes in amino acids and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in fecal samples. We conducted Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the associations between changes in amino acids/SCFAs and behavioral outcomes. The 16 S rDNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella were increased, while Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Lachnospirillum, and Enterobacter were decreased in the CUMS mice. We used PICRUSt software to annotate the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway function related to depression-like behavior in mice. Our analysis identified sixty functional pathways associated with the gut microbiota of mice exhibiting depression-like behavior. In the amino acid concentration analysis, we observed decreased levels of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, and increased levels of alanine in CUMS mice. In the SCFAs concentration assay, we found decreased levels of butyric acid and valeric acid, and increased levels of acetic acid in CUMS mice. Some of these changes were significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of the gut-brain axis in the occurrence and development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Zhang N, Gao X, Li D, Xu L, Zhou G, Xu M, Peng L, Sun G, Pan F, Li Y, Ren R, Huang R, Yang Y, Wang Z. Sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behaviors are associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0143723. [PMID: 38421192 PMCID: PMC10986621 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01437-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota and serum metabolome changes associated with sleep deprivation (SD) as well as to explore the potential benefits of multi-probiotic supplementation in alleviating SD-related mental health disorders. Rats were subjected to 7 days of SD, followed by 14 days of multi-probiotics or saline administration. Open-field tests were conducted at baseline, end of SD (day 7), and after 14 days of saline or multi-probiotic gavage (day 21). Metagenomic sequencing was conducted on fecal samples, and serum metabolites were measured by untargeted liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. At day 7, anxiety-like behaviors, including significant decreases in total movement distance (P = 0.0002) and staying time in the central zone (P = 0.021), were observed. In addition, increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; P = 0.028) and decreased levels of uridine (P = 0.018) and tryptophan (P = 0.01) were detected in rats after 7 days of SD. After SD, the richness of the gut bacterial community increased, and the levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, Muribaculum intestinale, and Bacteroides caecimuris decreased. The changes in the host metabolism and gut microbiota composition were strongly associated with the anxiety-like behaviors caused by SD. In addition, multi-probiotic supplementation for 14 days modestly improved the anxiety-like behaviors in SD rats but significantly reduced the serum level of LPS (P = 0.045). In conclusion, SD induces changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolites, which may contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory responses and affect the gut-brain axis, causing anxiety-like behaviors. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduces serum LPS, which may alleviate the influence of chronic inflammation. IMPORTANCE The disturbance in the gut microbiome and serum metabolome induced by SD may be involved in anxiety-like behaviors. Probiotic supplementation decreases serum levels of LPS, but this reduction may be insufficient for alleviating SD-induced anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Clinical Innovation & Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanzhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Liu M, Ma W, He Y, Sun Z, Yang J. Recent Progress in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Major Depressive Disorder Research. Molecules 2023; 28:7430. [PMID: 37959849 PMCID: PMC10647556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental illness with a heavy social burden, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics is providing new insights into the heterogeneous pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MDD by revealing multi-parametric biomarker signatures at the metabolite level. In this comprehensive review, recent developments of MS-based metabolomics in MDD research are summarized from the perspective of analytical platforms (liquid chromatography-MS, gas chromatography-MS, supercritical fluid chromatography-MS, etc.), strategies (untargeted, targeted, and pseudotargeted metabolomics), key metabolite changes (monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acids, lipids, etc.), and antidepressant treatments (both western and traditional Chinese medicines). Depression sub-phenotypes, comorbid depression, and multi-omics approaches are also highlighted to stimulate further advances in MS-based metabolomics in the field of MDD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; (M.L.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; (M.L.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; (M.L.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; (M.L.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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15
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Brivio P, Audano M, Gallo MT, Miceli E, Gruca P, Lason M, Litwa E, Fumagalli F, Papp M, Mitro N, Calabrese F. Venlafaxine's effect on resilience to stress is associated with a shift in the balance between glucose and fatty acid utilization. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1475-1483. [PMID: 37380799 PMCID: PMC10425382 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Brain metabolism is a fundamental process involved in the proper development of the central nervous system and in the maintenance of the main higher functions in humans. As consequence, energy metabolism imbalance has been commonly associated to several mental disorders, including depression. Here, by employing a metabolomic approach, we aimed to establish if differences in energy metabolite concentration may underlie the vulnerability and resilience in an animal model of mood disorder named chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm. In addition, we have investigated the possibility that modulation of metabolite concentration may represent a pharmacological target for depression by testing whether repeated treatment with the antidepressant venlafaxine may normalize the pathological phenotype by acting at metabolic level. The analyses were conducted in the ventral hippocampus (vHip) for its key role in the modulation of anhedonia, a core symptom of patients affected by depression. Interestingly, we showed that a shift from glycolysis to beta oxidation seems to be responsible for the vulnerability to chronic stress and that vHip metabolism contributes to the ability of the antidepressant venlafaxine to normalize the pathological phenotype, as shown by the reversal of the changes observed in specific metabolites. These findings may provide novel perspectives on metabolic changes that could serve as diagnostic markers and preventive strategies for the early detection and treatment of depression as well as for the identification of potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Gallo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Miceli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lason
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Litwa
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Brown LC, Bobo WV, Gall CA, Müller DJ, Bousman CA. Pharmacomicrobiomics of Antidepressants in Depression: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 37511699 PMCID: PMC10381387 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the animal and human evidence for pharmacomicrobiomics (PMx) interactions of antidepressant medications. Studies of gut microbiota effects on functional and behavioral effects of antidepressants in human and animal models were identified from PubMed up to December 2022. Risk of bias was assessed, and results are presented as a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 28 (21 animal, 7 human) studies were included in the review. The reviewed papers converged on three themes: (1) Antidepressants can alter the composition and metabolites of gut microbiota, (2) gut microbiota can alter the bioavailability of certain antidepressants, and (3) gut microbiota may modulate the clinical or modeled mood modifying effects of antidepressants. The majority (n = 22) of studies had at least moderate levels of bias present. While strong evidence is still lacking to understand the clinical role of antidepressant PMx in human health, there is evidence for interactions among antidepressants, microbiota changes, microbiota metabolite changes, and behavior. Well-controlled studies of the mediating and moderating effects of baseline and treatment-emergent changes in microbiota on therapeutic and adverse responses to antidepressants are needed to better establish a potential role of PMx in personalizing antidepressant treatment selection and response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Brown
- Great Scott! Consulting LLC, New York, NY 11222, USA
| | - William V Bobo
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Cory A Gall
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0028, South Africa
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chad A Bousman
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Xie X, Shi Y, Ma L, Yang W, Pu J, Shen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Lv F, Hu L. Altered neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with depression: A systematic analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:95-102. [PMID: 36521666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have reported metabolic abnormalities in the brains of patients with depression, although inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this study was to explore changes in neurometabolite levels in patients with depression across large-scale MRS studies. METHOD A total of 307 differential metabolite entries associated with depression were retrieved from 180 MRS studies retrieved from the Metabolite Network of Depression Database. The vote-counting method was used to identify consistently altered metabolites in the whole brain and specific brain regions of patients with depression. RESULTS Only few differential neurometabolites showed a stable change trend. The levels of total choline (tCho) and the tCho/N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratio were consistently higher in the brains of patients with depression, and that the levels of NAA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were lower. For specific brain regions, we found lower Glx levels in the prefrontal cortex and lower GABA concentrations in the occipital cortex. We also found lower concentrations of NAA in the anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex. The levels of tCho were higher in the prefrontal cortex and putamen. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that most altered neurometabolites in previous studies lack of adequate reproducibility. Through vote-counting method with large-scale studies, downregulation of glutamatergic neurometabolites, impaired neuronal integrity, and disturbed membrane metabolism were found in the pathobiology of depression, which contribute to existing knowledge of neurometabolic changes in depression. Further studies based on a larger dataset are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Xie
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liangbo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Xie J, Wu WT, Chen JJ, Zhong Q, Wu D, Niu L, Wang S, Zeng Y, Wang Y. Tryptophan metabolism as bridge between gut microbiota and brain in chronic social defeat stress-induced depression mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1121445. [PMID: 36909723 PMCID: PMC9999000 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1121445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Gut microbiota plays a critical role in the onset and development of depression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study was conducted to explore the relationships between gut microbiota and host's metabolism in depression. Methods Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model of depression was established using C57BL/6 male mice. Fecal samples were collected from CSDS group and control group to measure gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Meanwhile, tryptophan metabolism-related metabolites in hippocampus were also analyzed. Results CSDS successfully induced depressive-like behaviors in CSDS group. The 24 differential bacterial taxa between the two groups were identified, and 14 (60.87%) differential bacterial taxa belonged to phylum Firmicutes. Functional analysis showed that tryptophan metabolism was significantly affected in CSDS mice. Meanwhile, 120 differential microbial metabolites were identified, and two key tryptophan metabolism-related metabolites (tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)) were significantly decreased in feces of CSDS mice. The correlation analysis found the significant relationships between tryptophan and differential bacterial taxa under Firmicutes, especially genus Lactobacillus (r=0.801, p=0.0002). In addition, the significantly decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hippocampus of depressed mice was also observed. Conclusions Our results showed that tryptophan metabolism might have an important role in the crosstalk between gut microbioa and brain in depression, and phylum Firmicutes, especially genus Lactobacillus, might be involved in the onset of depression through regulating tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-tao Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingchuan Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanrong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
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MANF/EWSR1/ANXA6 pathway might as the bridge between hypolipidemia and major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:527. [PMID: 36585419 PMCID: PMC9803680 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) involves changes in lipid metabolism, but previous findings are contradictory. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is considered to be a regulator of lipid metabolism. To date, the function of MANF has been studied in many brain disorders, but not in MDD. Therefore, to better understand the role of lipids in MDD, this study was conducted to examine lipid levels in the serum of MDD patients and to investigate the potential function of MANF in MDD. First, the data on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) in serum from 354 MDD patients and 360 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and analyzed. The results showed that there were significantly lower concentrations of TC and LDL-C in MDD patients compared with HCs, and TC levels were positively correlated with LDL-C levels. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that MANF/EWSR1/ANXA6 pathway might serve as the connecting bridge through which hypolipidemia played a functional role in MDD. Second, to verify this hypothesis, serum samples were collected from 143 MDD patients, and 67 HCs to measure the levels of MANF, EWSR1, and ANXA6 using ELISA kits. The results showed that compared to HCs, MDD patients had a significantly lower level of MANF and higher levels of ANXA6 and EWSR1, and these molecules were significantly correlated with both TC level and Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HDRS) score. In addition, a discriminative model consisting of MANF, EWSR1, and ANXA6 was identified. This model was capable of distinguishing MDD subjects from HCs, yielded an area under curve of 0.9994 in the training set and 0.9569 in the testing set. Taken together, our results suggested that MANF/EWSR1/ANXA6 pathway might act as the bridge between hypolipidemia and MDD, and these molecules held promise as potential biomarkers for MDD.
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20
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Diao W, Zhou C, Song Y, Wang R, Luo X, Liu G. Early-diagnosis of major depressive disorder: From biomarkers to point-of-care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Indole Acetic Acid Exerts Anti-Depressive Effects on an Animal Model of Chronic Mild Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235019. [PMID: 36501051 PMCID: PMC9737131 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole acetic acid (IAA), an intestinal bacteria-derived tryptophan metabolite, has been detected at abnormal concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of depressed individuals. The effects of such altered IAA concentrations on mood regulation are not known. A mouse model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was used to assess the effects of IAA administration (50 mg/kg). Treatment with IAA for 5 weeks attenuated depression and anxiety-like behaviours, improved hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. IAA supplementation also enhanced the serotonin pathway in the brain and gut. UCMS caused an imbalance of microbial indole metabolites in the colon, whereas IAA treatment reversed this. However, IAA intake did not affect the concentrations of indoles in the brain. Intestinal bacteria in different sections of the gut were altered by IAA treatment, with the colon showing more changes than other segments. The gut microbiome in the colon had increased proportions of Ruminococcaceae UCG013, Ruminiclostridium 6, Prevotella, Alloprevotella and Bacteroides species, which can produce short-chain fatty acids and indole derivatives. Cumulatively, our study highlights the potential of IAA treatment to alleviate mood disorders and offers a theoretical basis for understanding the antidepressant effects of IAA.
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22
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Severe psychiatric disorders and general medical comorbidities: inflammation-related mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1257-1280. [PMID: 36062418 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and schizophrenia, are at increased risk of developing other medical conditions, especially cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. These medical conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated in these patients contributing to their increased morbidity and mortality. The basis for this increased comorbidity is not well understood, possibly reflecting shared risks factors (e.g. lifestyle risk factors), shared biological mechanisms and/or reciprocal interactions. Among overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms, inflammation and related factors, such as dysbiosis and insulin resistance, stand out. Besides underlying the association between psychiatric disorders and cardiometabolic diseases, these mechanisms provide several potential therapeutic targets.
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23
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Xin Z, Wei X, Jiao Q, Gou Q, Zhang Y, Peng C, Pan Q. Whole genome sequence analysis of two subspecies of Companilactobacillus Futsaii and experimental verification of drug resistance and effect on the exploratory behavior of mice based on unique gene. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274244. [PMID: 36084068 PMCID: PMC9462788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the whole genome of Companilactobacillus futsaii subsp. chongqingii CQ16Z1 isolated from Chongqing of China, performed genome sequence analysis with Companilactobacillus futsaii subsp. futsaii YM0097 isolated from Taiwan of China, and experimentally verified drug resistance and effect on the exploratory behavior of male C57BL/6 mice and analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomic studies. The genome of CQ16Z1 is 2.6 Mb. Sequence analysis between genomes showed that the two strains are Companilactobacillus futsaii. The unique genes of CQ16Z1 and YM0097 are 217 and 267, which account for 9% and 11% of the whole genomes, respectively. According to unique gene annotation, the results showed that genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, environmental information processing, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, phage and drug resistance are significantly different. The results of the drug resistance experiment showed that YM0097 had different degrees of resistance to 13 antibiotics, while CQ16Z1 was sensitive to more than half of them. YM0097 contains 9 prophage regions and CQ16Z1 contains 3 prophage regions. The results of the open field test showed that the time (P = 0.005; P = 0.047) and distance (P < 0.010; P = 0.046) of the central area of Y97 group and CQ group are significantly different from the control group. The results of the elevated plus maze test showed that compared with the control group, Y97 group had significant differences in the number of entries to the open arms and the percentage of open arms entry times (P = 0.004; P = 0.025), while the difference between the CQ group and the control group was not significant. YM0097 has a more obvious effect on the exploratory behavior of mice. The effects of YM0097 and CQ16Z1 on the intestinal flora of mice are also different. YM0097 may be more beneficial to the intestinal flora of the host. And LC/MS also showed that the metabolic effects of the two strains on the host are different. Finally, we believe that YM0097 is more suitable for application research as a psychobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxia Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiufeng Gou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoming Peng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (CP); (QP)
| | - Qu Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (CP); (QP)
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Liu J, Ye T, Yang S, Zhong X, He W, Xu M, Fang J, Deng M, Xu N, Zeng J, Qing Z. Antidepressant-like activity, active components and related mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni extracts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967670. [PMID: 36110538 PMCID: PMC9469015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemerocallis citrina Baroni [Asphodelaceae], which is traditional herbal medicine, has been widely used for treating depressive disorders in Eastern-Asia countries. However, the active compounds and corresponding mechanism of anti-depression are not yet completely clarified. In this study, the anti-depressive activities of six H. citrina extracts were primarily evaluated. The results showed that the water extract of H. citrina flowers (HCW) displays significant anti-depressive activity. A total of 32 metabolites were identified from HCW by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). And then, the anti-depressive activity of the high-level compound (rutin) in HCW was also estimated. The results indicated that rutin displayed significant anti-depressive activity and was one of the main active ingredients. Finally, the anti-depressive mechanisms of HCW and rutin were investigated based on the intestinal microorganisms. The results showed that HCW and rutin increase the diversity and richness of the intestinal flora and regulate the specific intestinal microorganisms such as Bacteroides and Desulfovibrio genera in depressed mice. This work marks the first comprehensive study of the active components, anti-depressive activities and corresponding mechanisms of different H. citrina extracts, which provide a potential possibility for developing new antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Green Melody Bioengineering Group Company Limited, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaiyong Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- Green Melody Bioengineering Group Company Limited, Changsha, China
| | - Mengtao Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinpeng Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Zeng, ; Zhixing Qing,
| | - Zhixing Qing
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Zeng, ; Zhixing Qing,
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25
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Li D, Li Y, Yang S, Lu J, Jin X, Wu M. Diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics in metabolic diseases: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113290. [PMID: 35724509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a severe burden in human society owing to the ensuing high morbidity and mortality. Various factors linked to metabolic disorders, particularly environmental factors (such as diet and gut microbiota) and epigenetic modifications, contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases. Dietary components and habits regulate alterations in gut microbiota; in turn, microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are influenced by diet. Interestingly, diet-derived microbial metabolites appear to produce substrates and enzymatic regulators for epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression). Epigenetic changes mediated by microbial metabolites participate in metabolic disorders via alterations in intestinal permeability, immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and insulin resistance. In addition, microbial metabolites can trigger inflammatory immune responses and microbiota dysbiosis by directly binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Hence, diet-gut microbiota-epigenetics may play a role in metabolic diseases. However, their complex relationships with metabolic diseases remain largely unknown and require further investigation. This review aimed to elaborate on the interactions among diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetics to uncover the mechanisms and therapeutics of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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