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Sadeghipour A, Taha SR, Shariat Zadeh M, Kosari F, Babaheidarian P, Fattahi F, Abdi N, Tajik F. Expression and Clinical Significance of ki-67, CD10, BCL6, MUM1, c-MYC, and EBV in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024:00129039-990000000-00180. [PMID: 38872345 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Although studies regarding the association between the expression of Ki-67, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 proteins, as well as c-MYC amplification and EBV status with clinicopathologic characteristics have rapidly progressed, their co-expression and prognostic role remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the expression of all markers and clinicopathologic features and their prognostic value in DLBCL. Also, the co-expression of markers was investigated. METHODS The protein expression levels and prognostic significance of Ki-67, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 were investigated with clinical follow-up in a total of 53 DLBCL specimens (including germinal center B [GCB] and activated B cell [ABC] subtypes) as well as adjacent normal samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Besides, the clinical significance and prognostic value of c-MYC and EBV status were also evaluated through chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and their correlation with other markers was also assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrated a positive correlation between CD10 and BCL6 expression, with both markers being associated with the GCB subtype (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). Besides, we observe a statistically significant association between MUM1 protein expression and clinicopathologic type (P<0.005) as well as a positive association between c-MYC and recurrence (P=0.028). Our survival analysis showed that patients who had responded to R-CHOP treatment had better overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than those who did not. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study's results add these markers' value to the existing clinical understanding of DLBCL. However, further investigations are needed to explore markers' prognostic and biological roles in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farid Kosari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Ayatollah-Khansari Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Navid Abdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
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2
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Britto LS, Balasubramani D, Desai S, Phillips P, Trehan N, Cesarman E, Koff JL, Singh A. T Cells Spatially Regulate B Cell Receptor Signaling in Lymphomas through H3K9me3 Modifications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401192. [PMID: 38837879 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is a subtype associated with poor survival outcomes. Despite identifying therapeutic targets through molecular characterization, targeted therapies have limited success. New strategies using immune-competent tissue models are needed to understand how DLBCL cells evade treatment. Here, synthetic hydrogel-based lymphoma organoids are used to demonstrate how signals in the lymphoid tumor microenvironment (Ly-TME) can alter B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and specific histone modifications, tri-methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3), dampening the effects of BCR pathway inhibition. Using imaging modalities, T cells increase DNA methyltransferase 3A expression and cytoskeleton formation in proximal ABC-DLBCL cells, regulated by H3K9me3. Expansion microscopy on lymphoma organoids reveals T cells increase the size and quantity of segregated H3K9me3 clusters in ABC-DLBCL cells. Findings suggest the re-organization of higher-order chromatin structures that may contribute to evasion or resistance to therapy via the emergence of novel transcriptional states. Treating ABC-DLBCL cells with a G9α histone methyltransferase inhibitor reverses T cell-mediated modulation of H3K9me3 and overcomes T cell-mediated attenuation of treatment response to BCR pathway inhibition. This study emphasizes the Ly-TME's role in altering DLBCL fate and suggests targeting aberrant signaling and microenvironmental cross-talk that can benefit high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy S Britto
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Deepali Balasubramani
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sona Desai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Phunterion Phillips
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Neev Trehan
- St Richards Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 6SE, UK
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jean L Koff
- Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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3
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Li W, Gao M, Xue W, Li X, Chang Y, Zhang K, Wen C, Zhang M. Palmitic acid reduces the methylation of the FOXO1 promoter to suppress the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via modulating the miR-429/DNMT3A axis. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:554-567. [PMID: 38906602 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by significant treatment resistance. Palmitic acid (PA) has shown promising antitumor properties. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PA influences DLBCL progression. We quantified the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in both untreated and PA-treated DLBCL tumors and cell lines. Assessments were made of cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy-related protein expression following PA administration. Interaction analyses among miR-429, DNMT3A, and FOXO1 were conducted using luciferase reporter assays and methylation-specific (MSP) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After transfecting the miR-429 inhibitor, negative control (NC) inhibitor, shRNA against DNMT3A (sh-DNMT3A), shRNA negative control (sh-NC), overexpression vector for DNMT3A (oe-DNMT3A), or overexpression negative control (oe-NC), we evaluated the effects of miR-429 and DNMT3A on cell viability, mortality, and autophagy-related protein expression in PA-treated DLBCL cell lines. The efficacy of PA was also tested in vivo using DLBCL tumor-bearing mouse models. MiR-429 and FOXO1 expression levels were downregulated, whereas DNMT3A was upregulated in DLBCL compared to the control group. PA treatment was associated with enhanced autophagy, mediated by the upregulation of miR-429 and downregulation of DNMT3A. The luciferase reporter assay and MSP confirmed that miR-429 directly inhibits DNMT3A, thereby reducing FOXO1 methylation. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that PA promotes autophagy and inhibits DLBCL progression by upregulating miR-429 and modulating the DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. In vivo PA significantly reduced the growth of xenografted tumors through its regulatory impact on the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. Palmitic acid may modulate autophagy and inhibit DLBCL progression by targeting the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 signaling pathway, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for DLBCL management.
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MESH Headings
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Humans
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism
- Animals
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A
- Mice
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Mice, Nude
- Male
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Female
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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4
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Calbert ML, Chandramouly G, Adams CM, Saez-Ayala M, Kent T, Tyagi M, Ayyadevara VSSA, Wang Y, Krais JJ, Gordon J, Atkins J, Toma MM, Betzi S, Boghossian AS, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Goldman AR, Gorman N, Mitra R, Childers WE, Graña X, Skorski T, Johnson N, Hurtz C, Morelli X, Eischen CM, Pomerantz RT. 4'-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxycytidine (EdC) Preferentially Targets Lymphoma and Leukemia Subtypes by Inducing Replicative Stress. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:683-699. [PMID: 38064712 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer nucleosides are effective against solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, but typically are prone to nucleoside metabolism resistance mechanisms. Using a nucleoside-specific multiplexed high-throughput screening approach, we discovered 4'-ethynyl-2'-deoxycytidine (EdC) as a third-generation anticancer nucleoside prodrug with preferential activity against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). EdC requires deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) phosphorylation for its activity and induces replication fork arrest and accumulation of cells in S-phase, indicating it acts as a chain terminator. A 2.1Å cocrystal structure of DCK bound to EdC and UDP reveals how the rigid 4'-alkyne of EdC fits within the active site of DCK. Remarkably, EdC was resistant to cytidine deamination and SAMHD1 metabolism mechanisms and exhibited higher potency against ALL compared with FDA-approved nelarabine. Finally, EdC was highly effective against DLBCL tumors and B-ALL in vivo. These data characterize EdC as a preclinical nucleoside prodrug candidate for DLBCL and ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Calbert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clare M Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Magali Saez-Ayala
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Tatiana Kent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mrityunjay Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - V S S Abhinav Ayyadevara
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yifan Wang
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John J Krais
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Gordon
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Atkins
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monika M Toma
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stéphane Betzi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wayne E Childers
- Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xavier Graña
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil Johnson
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard T Pomerantz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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5
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Zhuang S, Yang Z, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Che F. Epigenetic alterations and advancement of lymphoma treatment. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1435-1454. [PMID: 37581713 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomas, complex and heterogeneous malignant tumors, originate from the lymphopoietic system. These tumors are notorious for their high recurrence rates and resistance to treatment, which leads to poor prognoses. As ongoing research has shown, epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA regulation, and RNA modifications play crucial roles in lymphoma pathogenesis. Epigenetic modification-targeting drugs have exhibited therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in both monotherapy and combination lymphoma therapy. This review discusses pathogenic mechanisms and potential epigenetic therapeutic targets in common lymphomas, offering new avenues for lymphoma diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss the shortcomings of current lymphoma treatments, while suggesting potential areas for future research, in order to improve the prediction and prognosis of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhuang
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaobo Yang
- Spine Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Cui
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, 276000, China.
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6
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Cui W, Luo C, Zhou L, Yu T, Meng Y, Yu Q, Lei Z, Wang Y, Peng L, Luo Q, Tang D, Sun R, Yu L. Roles of RNA m 5C modification patterns in prognosis and tumor microenvironment infiltration of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1768-1783. [PMID: 38726285 PMCID: PMC11076244 DOI: 10.62347/nxdr1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic aberrations display an essential role in the initiation and progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). 5-methylcytosine (m5C), a common RNA modification, regulates various cellular processes and contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, m5C alterations in DLBCL remain unclear. Our research constructed an m5C prognostic model utilizing GEO data sets, which can efficiently predict the prognosis of patients with DLBCL, and verified the m5C prognostic model genes by immunohistochemistry analysis. This model was constructed using unsupervised consensus clustering analyses, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Based on the expression of m5C genes in the model, patients with DLBCL could be effectively divided into groups with significant survival time differences. The m5C risk-score signature demonstrated a highly significant independent prognostic value. Results from tumor microenvironment analyses revealed that m5C genes altered the infiltration of eosinophils, Tregs, and M2 macrophages. Additionally, they regulated T cell activation by modulating the expression of CTLA4, PDL1, B2M, CD8A, ICOS, and other relevant immune checkpoint expressions. In conclusion, our study presents a robust m5C prognostic model that effectively predicts prognosis in DLBCL. This model may offer a new approach for prognostic stratification and potential therapeutic interventions for patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cui
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Hematology, The First People’s Hospital of JiujiangJiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cancan Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Meng
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Tumor Biobank, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Jiangxi ProvinceNanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Almasmoum HA. Molecular complexity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a molecular perspective and therapeutic implications. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:57-72. [PMID: 38001281 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) stands as a formidable challenge in the landscape of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This review illuminates the remarkable strides made in comprehending DLBCL's molecular intricacies and devising targeted treatments. DLBCL, the most prevalent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has seen transformative progress in its characterization. Genetic investigations, led by high-throughput sequencing, have unveiled recurrent mutations in genes such as MYC, BCL2, and BCL6, casting light on the underlying genetic chaos propelling DLBCL's aggressiveness. A pivotal facet of this understanding centers on cell signaling pathways. Dysregulation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-Catenin, and Toll-like receptor pathways plays a critical role in DLBCL pathogenesis, offering potential therapeutic targets. DLBCL's complex tumor microenvironment (TME) cannot be overlooked. The dynamic interplay among tumor cells, immune cells, stromal components, and the extracellular matrix profoundly influences DLBCL's course and response to therapies. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, add another layer of intricacy. Aberrant epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in lymphomagenesis, offering prospects for epigenetic-based therapies. Promisingly, these molecular insights have spurred the development of personalized treatments. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies, guided by genomic profiling and molecular classification, are emerging as game-changers in DLBCL management. In conclusion, this review underscores the remarkable strides in understanding DLBCL's molecular underpinnings, spanning genetics, cell signaling, the tumor microenvironment, and epigenetics. These advances pave the way for more effective, personalized treatments, renewing hope for DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibah Ali Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Zhuang X, Yao J, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhong M, Tan J, Zhou H, Li G, Zha J, Xu B. Anlotinib suppresses the DNA damage response by disrupting SETD1A and inducing p53-dependent apoptosis in Transformed Follicular Lymphoma. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:70-79. [PMID: 38164353 PMCID: PMC10750341 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.84952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The high tumor mutational burden (TMB) of transformed follicular lymphoma (tFL) leads to tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis in follicular lymphoma, in which endogenous DNA damage and epigenetic modification are the key factors. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of anlotinib in tFL and to investigate its potential therapeutic mechanism. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were tested with CCK-8 and annexin V/PI staining kits, respectively. The tumorigenicity test in mice was utilized to further confirm the efficacy of anlotinib in vivo. Western blotting was utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: Anlotinib induced G2/M phase arrest in tFL cells, inhibited the proliferation of tFL cells and promoted the apoptosis of tFL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of anlotinib markedly reduced tumor mass and weight in an FL xenograft mouse model. The western blot and immunohistochemistry staining results confirmed that the mechanism by which anlotinib promoted tumor cell apoptosis was DNA damage. Further results showed that anlotinib significantly downregulated the expression of SETD1A, leading to its destruction. Anlotinib administration resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in the level of p-p53. Furthermore, anlotinib greatly downregulated the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and in parallel upregulated the proapoptotic element BAX and Bak, accompanied by caspase-3 activation and PARP degradation. Conclusion: Anlotinib has a good proapoptotic effect on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and its possible mechanism is related to the inhibition of the DNA damage response by disrupting SETD1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuelong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinshui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Genhong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
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9
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Xing X, Wang X, Liu M, Guo Q, Wang H. Ras interacting protein 1 facilitated proliferation and invasion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2193114. [PMID: 36967521 PMCID: PMC10054171 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2193114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A GTPase binding protein, Ras interacting protein 1 (RASIP1), has been reported with a tumor-promoting role in lung cancer cells, and its role in lymphoma remains unknown. The analysis of medical databank shows that RASIP1 is upregulated in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) specimens. In this article, we demonstrated that RASIP1 is highly expressed in DLBCL cell lines, compared with primary B cells. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the effects of RASIP1 on DLBCL cells. CCK-8, flow cytometry, western blot, and transwell assays demonstrated that silence of RASIP1 inhibited proliferation, cell cycle transition, and invasion and induced significant apoptosis in DLBCL cells, and ectopic expression of RASIP1 played opposite roles. Xenograft results revealed that RASIP1 facilitated the growth of DLBCL cells in vivo. These findings suggest that RASIP1 may be required for malignancy of DLBCL cells. In addition, we also found that the expression of RASIP1 was negatively regulated by forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), which has been reported to suppress the proliferation of DLBCL cells. Our results indicate that FOXO3 is bound to the promoter sequence of RASIP1 and inhibits its transcription. The suppressive effects of FOXO3 on proliferation and invasion of DLBCL cells were neutralized by RASIP1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that FOXO3 negatively regulated RASIP1 facilitates growth and invasion of DLBCL cells, provides novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for DLBCL in clinic.
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10
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Kim PM, Nejati R, Lu P, Thakkar D, Mackrides N, Dupoux V, Nakhoda S, Baldwin DA, Pei J, Dave SS, Wang YL, Wasik MA. Leukemic presentation and progressive genomic alterations of MCD/C5 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2023; 9:a006283. [PMID: 37730436 PMCID: PMC10815299 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogenous group of lymphoid malignancies. Based on gene expression profiling, it has been subdivided into germinal center (GC)-derived and activated B-cell (ABC) types. Advances in molecular methodologies have further refined the subclassification of DLBCL, based on recurrent genetic abnormalities. Here, we describe a distinct case of DLBCL that presented in leukemic form. DNA sequencing targeting 275 genes revealed pathogenically relevant mutations of CD79B, MyD88, TP53, TBL1XR1, and PIM1 genes, indicating that this lymphoma would be best classified as MCD/C5 DLBCL, an ABC subtype. Despite an initial good clinical response to BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, anti-CD20 antibody rituxan, alkylating agent bendamustine, and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant, the lymphoma relapsed, accompanied by morphologic and molecular evidence of disease progression. Specifically, the recurrent tumor developed loss of TP53 heterozygosity (LOH) and additional chromosomal changes central to ABC DLBCL pathogenesis, such as PRDM1 loss. Acquired resistance to ibrutinib and rituxan was indicated by the emergence of BTK and FOXO1 mutations, respectively, as well as apparent activation of alternative cell-activation pathways, through copy-number alterations (CNAs), detected by high-resolution chromosomal microarrays. In vitro, studies of relapsed lymphoma cells confirmed resistance to standard BTK inhibitors but sensitivity to vecabrutinib, a noncovalent inhibitor active against both wild-type as well as mutated BTK. In summary, we provide in-depth molecular characterization of a de novo leukemic DLBCL and discuss mechanisms that may have contributed to the lymphoma establishment, progression, and development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Kim
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Pin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Mackrides
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Vanessa Dupoux
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Shazia Nakhoda
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Don A Baldwin
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Data Driven Bioscience, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Y Lynn Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA;
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11
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Dong N, Perez-Lamas L, Chavez JC. Emerging synthetic drugs for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:181-190. [PMID: 37649373 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2250722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoma. Recent advances in immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy have significantly improved the outcomes in patients. Despite those advances, disease still recurs in many patients after multiple lines of therapy, and they eventually die. Many novel agents are under investigation. In this review, we focus on the synthetic drugs, usually small-molecule oral agents, that target a specific tumor-cell survival pathway. AREAS COVERED We discuss immunomodulatory drugs, cereblon E3 ligase modulators, Bruton tyrosine kinase degraders, B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitors, Enhancer of Zeste 2 inhibitors, IRAK4 inhibitors/IRAK4 protein degraders, bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibitors, and menin inhibitors. We focus on their mechanisms of action, activities in DLBCL, and, in some cases, toxicity. We also discuss the challenges in developing synthetic drugs in DLBCL. EXPERT OPINION Synthetic drugs hold great potential for treating DLBCL. Many phase 1/2 trials are ongoing. To maximize their clinical benefit, a better understanding of the biology of this heterogeneous group of diseases is needed, synergic combinations need to be identified, and the sequencing of therapies needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dong
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
| | | | - Julio C Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
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12
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Lee SH, Kim SH, Nam TM, Jang JH, Kim KH, Lee YS, Kim MS, Kim MS, Jin SY, Lee M, Lee SH, Kim YZ. Epigenetic Regulation of the Expression of T Cell Stimulatory and Inhibitory Factors by Histone H3 Lysine Modification Enzymes and Its Prognostic Roles in Glioblastoma. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e258. [PMID: 37605497 PMCID: PMC10442499 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the specific T cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory factors that play prognostic roles in patients with glioblastoma. Additionally, the unique histone H3 modification enzymes that regulate the expression levels of these specific co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory factors were investigated. METHODS The medical records of 84 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma at our institution from January 2006 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for T cell co-stimulatory factors (CD27, CD28, CD137, OX40, and ICOS), T cell co-inhibitory factors (CTLA4, PD1, PD-L1, TIM3, and CD200R), and histone H3 lysine modification enzymes (MLL4, RIZ, EZH1, NSD2, KDM5c, JMJD1a, UTX, and JMJD5) was performed on archived paraffin-embedded tissues obtained by biopsy or resection. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for specific factors, which demonstrated causal relationships, in order to validate the findings of the IHC examinations. RESULTS The mean follow-up duration was 27.5 months (range, 4.1-43.5 months). During this period, 76 patients (90.5%) died, and the mean OS was 19.4 months (95% confidence interval, 16.3-20.9 months). Linear positive correlations were observed between the expression levels of CD28 and JMJD1a (R2 linear = 0.982) and those of CD137 and UTX (R2 linear = 1.528). Alternatively, significant negative correlations were observed between the expression levels of CTLA4 and RIZ (R2 linear = -1.746) and those of PD-L1 and EZH1 (R2 linear = -2.118); these relationships were confirmed by qRT-PCR. In the multivariate analysis, increased expression levels of CD28 (P = 0.042), and CD137 (P = 0.009), and decreased expression levels of CTLA4 (P = 0.003), PD-L1 (P = 0.020), and EZH1 (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with longer survival. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the expression of certain T cell co-stimulatory factors, such as CD28 and CD 137, and co-inhibitory factors, such as CTLA4 and PD-L1 are associated with prognosis of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Taek Min Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyu Hong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Translational Responsive Medicine Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mee-Seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Yup Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Moonok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Clinomics Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Qian S, Wen Q, Lei Y, Ge J, Kong X, Wang W, Wang Z, Hou H, Tang C, Wu S, Wang G, Li W, Zhang M, Zhang X, Chen Q. SUV39H1 is a prognosis and immune microenvironment-related biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03128-2. [PMID: 37029239 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the oncogenesis and treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The H3K9me3-specific histone methyltransferase Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) is a significant gene that promotes the progression of various malignancies. However, the specific expression of SUV39H1 in DLBCL remains unclear. METHODS By retrieving data from GEPIA, UCSC XENA and TCGA public databases, we observed the high expression of SUV39H1 in DLBCL. Combined with an immunohistochemical validation assay, we analyzed our hospital's clinical characteristics and prognosis of 67 DLBCL patients. The results showed that high SUV39H1 expression was closely associated with age over 50 years (P = 0.014) and low albumin levels (P = 0.023) of patients. Furthermore, the experiments in vitro were deployed to evaluate the regulation of SUV39H1 on the DLBCL immune microenvironment. RESULTS The results showed that high SUV39H1 expression was closely associated with age over 50 years (P = 0.014) and low albumin levels (P = 0.023) of patients. The prognostic analysis showed that the high SUV39H1 expression group had a lower disease-free survival (DFS) rate than the low SUV39H1 expression group (P < 0.05). We further discovered that SUV39H1 upregulated the expression of CD86+ and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages by DLBCL patients' tissues and cell experiments in vitro (P < 0.05). And SUV39H1-associated T lymphocyte subsets and cytokines IL-6/CCL-2 were downregulated in DLBCL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, SUV39H1 might be not only a potential target for treating DLBCL but also a clinical indicator for doctors to evaluate the trend of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Siyu Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yaxin Lei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Ge
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Kong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huting Hou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Canwei Tang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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14
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Zhang D, Han Y, Dong Y. Remarkable response to chidamide plus rituximab in an elderly patient with recurrent, chemotherapy-refractory diffuse larger B-cell lymphoma carrying CREBBP mutation. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1265-1268. [PMID: 36991230 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
| | - Yidi Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Youhong Dong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
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15
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Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
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16
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Lee D, Koo B, Yang J, Kim S. Metheor: Ultrafast DNA methylation heterogeneity calculation from bisulfite read alignments. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010946. [PMID: 36940213 PMCID: PMC10062925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phased DNA methylation states within bisulfite sequencing reads are valuable source of information that can be used to estimate epigenetic diversity across cells as well as epigenomic instability in individual cells. Various measures capturing the heterogeneity of DNA methylation states have been proposed for a decade. However, in routine analyses on DNA methylation, this heterogeneity is often ignored by computing average methylation levels at CpG sites, even though such information exists in bisulfite sequencing data in the form of phased methylation states, or methylation patterns. In this study, to facilitate the application of the DNA methylation heterogeneity measures in downstream epigenomic analyses, we present a Rust-based, extremely fast and lightweight bioinformatics toolkit called Metheor. As the analysis of DNA methylation heterogeneity requires the examination of pairs or groups of CpGs throughout the genome, existing softwares suffer from high computational burden, which almost make a large-scale DNA methylation heterogeneity studies intractable for researchers with limited resources. In this study, we benchmark the performance of Metheor against existing code implementations for DNA methylation heterogeneity measures in three different scenarios of simulated bisulfite sequencing datasets. Metheor was shown to dramatically reduce the execution time up to 300-fold and memory footprint up to 60-fold, while producing identical results with the original implementation, thereby facilitating a large-scale study of DNA methylation heterogeneity profiles. To demonstrate the utility of the low computational burden of Metheor, we show that the methylation heterogeneity profiles of 928 cancer cell lines can be computed with standard computing resources. With those profiles, we reveal the association between DNA methylation heterogeneity and various omics features. Source code for Metheor is at https://github.com/dohlee/metheor and is freely available under the GPL-3.0 license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohoon Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Intelligence Computing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonil Koo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, Yong-in, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Meta-Analysis of MS-Based Proteomics Studies Indicates Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 and Nucleobindin1 as Potential Prognostic and Drug Resistance Biomarkers in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010196. [PMID: 36611989 PMCID: PMC9818977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is inaccurately predicted using clinical features and immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithms. Nomination of a panel of molecules as the target for therapy and predicting prognosis in DLBCL is challenging because of the divergences in the results of molecular studies. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in the clinic represents an analytical tool with the potential to improve DLBCL diagnosis and prognosis. Previous proteomics studies using MS-based proteomics identified a wide range of proteins. To achieve a consensus, we reviewed MS-based proteomics studies and extracted the most consistently significantly dysregulated proteins. These proteins were then further explored by analyzing data from other omics fields. Among all significantly regulated proteins, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) was identified as a potential target by proteomics, genomics, and IHC. Moreover, annexinA5 (ANXA5) and nucleobindin1 (NUCB1) were two of the most up-regulated proteins identified in MS studies. Functional enrichment analysis identified the light zone reactions of the germinal center (LZ-GC) together with cytoskeleton locomotion functions as enriched based on consistent, significantly dysregulated proteins. In this study, we suggest IRF4 and NUCB1 proteins as potential biomarkers that deserve further investigation in the field of DLBCL sub-classification and prognosis.
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18
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Kubacz M, Kusowska A, Winiarska M, Bobrowicz M. In Vitro Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Line Models as Tools to Investigate Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010235. [PMID: 36612228 PMCID: PMC9818372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), its management constitutes an ongoing challenge. The most common DLBCL variants include activated B-cell (ABC) and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtypes including DLBCL with MYC and BCL2/BCL6 rearrangements which vary among each other with sensitivity to standard rituximab (RTX)-based chemoimmunotherapy regimens and lead to distinct clinical outcomes. However, as first line therapies lead to resistance/relapse (r/r) in about half of treated patients, there is an unmet clinical need to identify novel therapeutic strategies tailored for these patients. In particular, immunotherapy constitutes an attractive option largely explored in preclinical and clinical studies. Patient-derived cell lines that model primary tumor are indispensable tools that facilitate preclinical research. The current review provides an overview of available DLBCL cell line models and their utility in designing novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matylda Kubacz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kusowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bobrowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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19
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Khan SR, Muhammad A, Soomar SM, Shoaib D, Arshad Ali A, Muhammad T, Zahir MN, Abdul Jabbar A, Abdul Rashid Y, Heger M, Moosajee MS. No difference in treatment outcome between patients with nodal versus extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 9:37-49. [PMID: 36687299 PMCID: PMC9844226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been classified using various parameters, including the site of origin. Studies have reported conflicting outcomes when DLBLC patients were stratified according to the site of origin. This study aimed to investigate the response rate and survival outcomes in nodal versus extranodal DLBCL and compare the results to a region-matched study covering the 1988 - 2005 period. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with DLBCL and treated in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan during 2014 - 2019. We calculated the mean and median for continuous variables and frequency and percentages for all categorical variables. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) for OS. Results Of the 118 patients, 49 patients (41.5%) had nodal disease and 69 patients (58.5%) were diagnosed with extranodal DLBCL. The majority of patients in the nodal and extranodal cohorts presented with Stages III and IV disease (73.4% and 62.3%, respectively). A complete response to (immuno) chemotherapy was achieved in 71.4% of nodal DLBCL patients and 65.2% of extranodal DLBCL patients. The 5-year PFS and median PFS in the entire cohort were 0.8% and 17 m, respectively. The PFS and median PFS in the nodal and extranodal DLBCL cohort were 0% and 1.4%, respectively, and 15 m and 19 m, respectively. The 5-year OS and median OS in the entire cohort were 16.1% and 19 m, respectively. The OS and median OS in the nodal and extranodal DLBCL cohort were 8.2% and 21.7%, respectively, and 19 m and 21 m, respectively. Multivariable linear regression revealed that the ABC phenotype (nodal, HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.37 - 3.20; extranodal, HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.46 - 3.17; GBC as reference) and double and triple hit DLBCL (nodal, HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.19 - 2.81; extranodal, HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.28 - 2.43; and non-expressors as reference) are independent negative predictors of OS. Conclusions DLBCL incidence in the Karachi region has remained comparable but patient composition in the extranodal DLBCL cohort has shifted to predominantly advanced stage. Nodal and extranodal DLBCL were associated with similar PFS and OS profiles and first- and second-line treatment responses. Cell of origin and antigen expression status was independent negative predictors of OS, disfavoring the ABC phenotype and lesions with c-MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 overexpression. Relevance for Patients DLBCL is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, however; patients respond well to standard systemic chemotherapy. Extranodal type of DLBCL patients tend to have more residual disease after first-line systemic chemotherapy, but physicians should keep in mind that the subsequent line treatment mitigates its negative impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Raza Khan
- 1Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan,Corresponding author: Saqib Raza Khan Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Afzal Muhammad
- 1Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Daania Shoaib
- 1Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Adnan Abdul Jabbar
- 1Department of Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Michal Heger
- 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China,5Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,6Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Wei P, Bott AJ, Cluntun AA, Morgan JT, Cunningham CN, Schell JC, Ouyang Y, Ficarro SB, Marto JA, Danial NN, DeBerardinis RJ, Rutter J. Mitochondrial pyruvate supports lymphoma proliferation by fueling a glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2-dependent glutaminolysis pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0117. [PMID: 36179030 PMCID: PMC9524954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fate of pyruvate is a defining feature in many cell types. One major fate is mitochondrial entry via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). We found that diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) consume mitochondrial pyruvate via glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 2 to enable α-ketoglutarate production as part of glutaminolysis. This led us to discover that glutamine exceeds pyruvate as a carbon source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle in DLBCLs. As a result, MPC inhibition led to decreased glutaminolysis in DLBCLs, opposite to previous observations in other cell types. We also found that MPC inhibition or genetic depletion decreased DLBCL proliferation in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like environment and xenografts, but not in a suspension environment. Moreover, the metabolic profile of DLBCL cells in ECM is markedly different from cells in a suspension environment. Thus, we conclude that the synergistic consumption and assimilation of glutamine and pyruvate enables DLBCL proliferation in an extracellular environment-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alex J. Bott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Cluntun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Corey N. Cunningham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John C. Schell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yeyun Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Scott B. Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nika N. Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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SMYD3 promotes aerobic glycolysis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via H3K4me3-mediated PKM2 transcription. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:763. [PMID: 36057625 PMCID: PMC9440895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities in histone methyltransferases (HMTs) frequently occur in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and are related to its progression. SET and MYND domain containing 3 (SMYD3) is an HMT that is upregulated in various tumors and promotes their malignancy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the function of SMYD3 in DLBCL has not been investigated thus far. In the present study, 22 HMT genes related to cancer development were first selected according to current literature, and it was found that high SMYD3 expression was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with DLBCL. SMYD3 protein levels were upregulated and positively associated with poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with DLBCL. Functional examinations demonstrated that SMYD3 increased cell proliferation and the flux of aerobic glycolysis in DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo and decreased cell sensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro. Moreover, SMYD3 could directly bind to specific sequences of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) and promote DLBCL cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis via H3K4me3-mediated PKM2 transcription. Clinically, SMYD3 expression positively correlated with that of PKM2, and high SMYD3 was significantly associated with high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) detected by [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in DLBCL samples. Concomitant expression of SMYD3 and PKM2 positively correlated with poor progression-free and overall survival in patients with DLBCL and may serve as novel biomarkers in DLBCL.
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22
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Li M, Huang F, Xie Z, Hong H, Xu Q, Peng Z. Identification of three small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) as potential prognostic markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3812-3829. [PMID: 36812125 PMCID: PMC9939161 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma with high mortality rates. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are tumor-specific biological markers, but there are few studies on the role of snoRNAs in DLBCL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survival-related snoRNAs were selected to construct a specific snoRNA-based signature via computational analyses (Cox regression and independent prognostic analyses) to predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients. To assist in clinical applications, a nomogram was built by combining the risk model and other independent prognostic factors. Pathway analysis, gene ontology analysis, transcription factor enrichment, protein-protein interactions, and single nucleotide variant analysis were used to explore the potential biological mechanisms of co-expressed genes. RESULTS Twelve prognosis-correlated snoRNAs were selected from the DLBCL patient cohort of microarray profiles, and a three-snoRNA signature consisting of SNORD1A, SNORA60, and SNORA66 was constructed. DLBCL patients could be divided into high-risk and low-risk cohorts using the risk model, and the high-risk group and activated B cell-like (ABC) type DLBCL were linked with disappointing survival. In addition, SNORD1A co-expressed genes were inseparably linked to the biological functions of the ribosome and mitochondria. Potential transcriptional regulatory networks have also been identified. MYC and RPL10A were the most mutated SNORD1A co-expressed genes in DLBCL. CONCLUSION Put together, our findings explored the potential biological effects of snoRNAs in DLBCL, and provided a new predictor for DLBCL prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐wei Li
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
| | - Feng‐xiang Huang
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
| | - Zu‐cheng Xie
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
| | - Hao‐yuan Hong
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
| | - Qing‐yuan Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
| | - Zhi‐gang Peng
- Department of Medical OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionP. R. China
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Sankarasubramanian S, Prabhakar P, Narasimhan MK. Genetic insights into cardiac tumors: a comprehensive review. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:164. [PMID: 35972566 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac neoplasms are rare, however, also a curable form of the disease once detected early. In recent years the viscus tumors have gained their highlights, due to the advancement in techniques like echocardiography both 2D and 3D, MRI, etc. These cardiac tumors are divided based on their benign and malignant nature and also as well as primary and secondary cardiac tumors. Largely the primary cardiac tumors are often than secondary cardiac tumors. The secondary tumor happens anywhere in the body involving the heart. The most common malignant tumors are sarcoma, some are angiosarcomas, fibromas, rhabdosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. The primary sarcoma affects both men and women at an equal rate with non-specific symptoms. These conditions led to high demand in genomic testing that helps in spot the mutation that leads to the particular type of cardiac neoplasm and it additionally helps to screen the mutated sequence and stop it from being inherited. Recent studies on cardiac tumors have revealed many genes that are involved in tumorigenesis and technologies have enabled the right screening of the tumor location within the heart and their histopathological studies were also studied. This review principally focuses on the understanding of the various forms of cardiac tumors, genetic variants involved and their influence, genetic testing, and different diagnostic approaches in cardiac tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramasundaram Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Prathiksha Prabhakar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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24
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Wu S, Yin Y, Wang X. The epigenetic regulation of the germinal center response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194828. [PMID: 35643396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to T-cell-dependent antigens, antigen-experienced B cells migrate to the center of the B-cell follicle to seed the germinal center (GC) response after cognate interactions with CD4+ T cells. These GC B cells eventually mature into memory and long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells, thus generating long-lived humoral immunity. Within GC, B cells undergo somatic hypermutation of their B cell receptors (BCR) and positive selection for the emergence of high-affinity antigen-specific B-cell clones. However, this process may be dangerous, as the accumulation of aberrant mutations could result in malignant transformation of GC B cells or give rise to autoreactive B cell clones that can cause autoimmunity. Because of this, better understanding of GC development provides diagnostic and therapeutic clues to the underlying pathologic process. A productive GC response is orchestrated by multiple mechanisms. An emerging important regulator of GC reaction is epigenetic modulation, which has key transcriptional regulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biology of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of GC reaction and outline its importance in identification of immunotherapy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Chung C. A Promising Future for Precision Epigenetic Therapy for Follicular and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma? Blood Lymphat Cancer 2022; 12:99-106. [PMID: 35959380 PMCID: PMC9359712 DOI: 10.2147/blctt.s282247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA hypermethylation or histone deacetylation normally silence gene expression that regulates numerous cellular activities. Germinal center–derived lymphomas such as follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are characterized by frequent mutations of histone-modifying genes. EZH2 is essential to the formation of germinal center in the secondary lymphoid tissue (eg, lymph nodes and spleen) and is one of the most frequently mutated histone-modifying genes in human lymphomas. EZH2 encodes a histone methyltransferase, mediates transcriptional repression and acts as an oncogene that promotes the development and progression of a variety of human malignancies, including FL and DLBCL. Thus, recurrent mutations in the EZH2 and other non-histone epigenetic regulators represent important targets for therapeutic interventions. Recently, an orally active inhibitor of EZH2, tazemetostat, has received regulatory approval for patients with mutated EZH2 relapsed or refractory FL after ≥2 prior systemic therapies. It is also approved for those with relapsed or refractory FL who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options, regardless of their mutational status of EZH2. Currently, tazemetostat and its combination therapies for patients with relapsed or refractory germinal center-derived lymphomas, as well as frontline therapies for previously untreated patients, are in various phases of clinical investigations. Despite the promise of epigenetic therapies, potential pitfalls such as target selectivity, risk of oncogenic activation, risk of secondary malignancies associated with epigenetic therapies must be carefully monitored. Future applications of epigenetic approach that incorporate clinical and genomic features are needed to determine how individualized treatments can be used for these hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Clement Chung, Houston Methodist West Hospital, 18500 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX, 77094, USA, Tel +1-832-522-1051, Email
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Wang X, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, He Y, Sun C, Li L, Zhai Q, Meng B, Ren X, Wu X, Zhang H, Wang X. A 9-LncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Response in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813031. [PMID: 35874768 PMCID: PMC9298982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease that requires personalized clinical treatment. To assign patients into different risk categories, cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations have been widely applied to the prognostic stratification of DLBCL. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that deregulated epigenetic modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of DLBCL. However, specific lncRNAs that affect epigenetic regulation and their value in predicting prognosis and therapy response remain uncertain. Here, 2,025 epigenetic-related genes were selected, and 9 lncRNAs (PRKCQ-AS1, C22orf34, HCP5, AC007389.3, APTR, SNHG19, ELFN1-AS1, LINC00487, and LINC00877) were tested and validated to establish an lncRNA-regulating epigenetic event signature (ELncSig). ELncSig, which was established based on independent lymphoma datasets, could distinguish different survival outcomes. Functional characterization of ELncSig showed that it could be an indicator of the immune microenvironment and is correlated with distinctive mutational characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ELncSig was independent of traditional prognostic factors. The novel immune-related ELncSig exhibits promising clinical prognostic value for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxiao Lu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - You He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Sun
- "5+3" Integration of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology/Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
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Yan W, Shi X, Wang H, Liao A, Yang W. Aberrant SPOP-CHAF1A ubiquitination axis triggers tumor autophagy that endows a therapeutical vulnerability in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Lab Invest 2022; 20:296. [PMID: 35773729 PMCID: PMC9248129 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Aberrant epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, histone modifications, or ubiquitination, could trigger metabolic disorders in human cancer cells. This study planed to uncover the biological roles of epigenetic SPOP/CHAF1A axis in modulating tumor autophagy during Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumorigenesis. Materials and methods The Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to assess the CHAF1A expressions. The expression data of CHAF1A was derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE32918 and GSE83632 datasets. Bioinformatic assays contain differential analysis, functional enrichment analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis. The colony generation assay, Transwell assay and CCK-8 assays were conducted for the in vitro assays. The in vivo ubiquitination assays were used to assess regulations of SPOP on CHAF1A. The Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to uncover epigenetic regulations of CHAF1A on TFEB. The relevant DLBCL cells were subcutaneously injected to SCID beige mice to establish the xenograft models. Results Bioinformatic results revealed that CHAF1A expressed highly in DLBCL that were validated in patients samples. Patients with high CHAF1A suffered from inferior prognosis with shorter survival months relative to those with low CHAF1A. High CHAF1A enhanced DLBCL aggressiveness, including cell proliferation, migration and in vivo growth. Mechanistically, E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP binds to and induces the degradative ubiquitination of CHAF1A via recognizing a consensus SPOP-binding motif in CHAF1A. SPOP is down-regulated in DLBCL and habours two DLBCL-associated mutations. Deficient SPOP leads to accumulated CHAF1A proteins that promote malignant features of DLBCL. Subsequently, ChIP-qPCR assay revealed that CHAF1A directly binds to TFEB promoters to activate the expressions. High CHAF1A could enhance the transcriptional activity of TFEB and downstream genes. The SPOP/CHAF1A axis modulates TFEB-dependent transactivation to regulate the lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The in vivo models suggested that TFEB inhibition is effective to suppress growth of SPOP-deficient DLBCLs. Conclusions CHAF1A is aberrantly elevated in SPOP-deficient DLBCL. The in‐depth mechanism understanding of SPOP/CHAF1A/TFEB axis endows novel targets for DLBCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Calciolari B, Scarpinello G, Tubi LQ, Piazza F, Carrer A. Metabolic control of epigenetic rearrangements in B cell pathophysiology. Open Biol 2022; 12:220038. [PMID: 35580618 PMCID: PMC9113833 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Both epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming guide lymphocyte differentiation and can be linked, in that metabolic inputs can be integrated into the epigenome to inform cell fate decisions. This framework has been thoroughly investigated in several pathophysiological contexts, including haematopoietic cell differentiation. In fact, metabolite availability dictates chromatin architecture and lymphocyte specification, a multi-step process where haematopoietic stem cells become terminally differentiated lymphocytes (effector or memory) to mount the adaptive immune response. B and T cell precursors reprogram their cellular metabolism across developmental stages, not only to meet ever-changing energetic demands but to impose chromatin accessibility and regulate the function of master transcription factors. Metabolic control of the epigenome has been extensively investigated in T lymphocytes, but how this impacts type-B life cycle remains poorly appreciated. This assay will review our current understanding of the connection between cell metabolism and epigenetics at crucial steps of B cell maturation and how its dysregulation contributes to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Calciolari
- Department of Biology (DiBio), of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scarpinello
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences (DiSCOG), of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Biology (DiBio), of the University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
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Riva F, Filipe J, Fanelli A, Marconato L, Inglesi A, Scanziani E, Soldati S, Licenziato L, Comazzi S, Minoli L, Aresu L. IL-1R8 Downregulation and Concomitant TLR7 and TLR9 Upregulation Are Related to the Pathogenesis of Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050209. [PMID: 35622737 PMCID: PMC9147662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematological malignancy in humans and dogs. Several studies disclosed some similarities between the two species, including the constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway as a fundamental underlying pathogenetic mechanism. In humans, the downregulation of IL-1R8 is implicated in DLBCL development, but its role in dogs has not been explored so far. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of this tumor in dogs, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1R8 in 12 control lymph nodes obtained from dogs not bearing tumors and from 50 dogs with DLBCL. Moreover, we analyzed through qRT-PCR the expression of TLR7, TLR9, MYC, and p52 genes that are known to be involved in the IL-1R8 regulatory network. IL-1R8 and p52 were downregulated in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.001), while a higher expression of TLR7, TLR9, and MYC was observed in DLBCLs (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the gene expression results, revealing a significantly lower IL-1R8 staining score in DLBCLs compared to control lymph nodes (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these results suggest that IL-1R8 downregulation may represent one of the mechanisms driving DLBCL pathogenesis in dogs, mainly through the dysregulation of the Toll-like/interleukin receptors signaling cascade and the aberrant activation of the classical NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emlia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Inglesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Soldati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), Fondazione Unimi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.R.); (J.F.); (A.I.); (E.S.); (S.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (L.A.)
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Liu J, Xu J, Luo B, Tang J, Hou Z, Zhu Z, Zhu L, Yao G, Li C. Immune Landscape and an RBM38-Associated Immune Prognostic Model with Laboratory Verification in Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061590. [PMID: 35326741 PMCID: PMC8946480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary treatment of malignant melanoma is a classical regimen of surgery combined with chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and immunotherapy. The purpose of this study was to explore the immune response mechanism of RNA binding protein RBM38 in the development of melanoma with the screening of effective immunodiagnostic models and targeted therapy. We found that RBM38, as an oncogene, promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells and is associated with immune infiltration and pathways. Our investigation presented the prognostic significance of RBM38-associated immune signature. In addition, this model may provide a potential strategy for improving the survival and immunotherapy of melanoma patients. Abstract Background: Current studies have revealed that RNA-binding protein RBM38 is closely related to tumor development, while its role in malignant melanoma remains unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the function of RBM38 in melanoma and the prognosis of the disease. Methods: Functional experiments (CCK-8 assay, cell colony formation, transwell cell migration/invasion experiment, wound healing assay, nude mouse tumor formation, and immunohistochemical analysis) were applied to evaluate the role of RBM38 in malignant melanoma. Immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on RBM38 related immune pathways were comprehensively analyzed based on RNA sequencing results. Results: We found that high expression of RBM38 promoted melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and RBM38 was associated with immune infiltration. Then, a five-gene (A2M, NAMPT, LIF, EBI3, and ERAP1) model of RBM38-associated immune DEGs was constructed and validated. Our signature showed superior prognosis capacity compared with other melanoma prognostic signatures. Moreover, the risk score of our signature was connected with the infiltration of immune cells, immune-regulatory proteins, and immunophenoscore in melanoma. Conclusions: We constructed an immune prognosis model using RBM38-related immune DEGs that may help evaluate melanoma patient prognosis and immunotherapy modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow 213000, China;
| | - Binlin Luo
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zuoqiong Hou
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhechen Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Gang Yao
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Chujun Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 GuangZhou Rd, Nanjing 210029, China; (J.L.); (B.L.); (J.T.); (Z.H.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (C.L.)
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Defining Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Immunotypes by CD8+ T Cells and Natural Killer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3168172. [PMID: 35237321 PMCID: PMC8885174 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3168172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background There is a poor prognosis for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one of the most common types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Through gene expression profiles, this study intends to reveal potential subtypes among patients with DLBCL by evaluating their prognostic impact on immune cells. Methods Immune subtypes were developed based on CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells calculated from gene expression profiles. The comparison of prognoses and enriched pathways was made between immune subtypes. Following this validation step, samples from the independent data set were analyzed to determine the correlation between immune subtype and prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response. To provide a model to predict the DLBCL immune subtypes, machine learning methods were used. The virtual screening and molecular docking were adopted to identify small molecules to target the immune subtype biomarkers. Results A training data set containing 432 DLBCL samples from five data sets and a testing dataset containing 420 DLBCL samples from GSE10846 were used to develop and validate immune subtypes. There were two novel immune subtypes identified in this study: an inflamed subtype (IS) and a noninflamed subtype (NIS). When compared with NIS, IS was associated with higher levels of immune cells and a better prognosis for immunotherapy. Based on the random forest algorithm, a robust machine learning model has been established by 12 hub genes, and the area under the curve (AUC) value is 0.948. Three small molecules were selected to target NIS biomarkers, including VGF, RAD54L, and FKBP8. Conclusion This study assessed immune cells as prognostic factors in DLBCL, constructed an immune subtype that could be used to identify patients who would benefit from ICB, and constructed a model to predict the immune subtype.
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Jiang C, Li A, Teng Y, Huang X, Ding C, Chen J, Xu J, Zhou Z. Optimal PET-based radiomic signature construction based on the cross-combination method for predicting the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2902-2916. [PMID: 35146578 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and externally validate models incorporating a PET radiomics signature (R-signature) obtained by the cross-combination method for predicting the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS A total of 383 patients with DLBCL from two medical centres between 2011 and 2019 were included. The cross-combination method was used on three types of PET radiomics features from the training cohort to generate 49 feature selection-classification candidates based on 7 different machine learning models. The R-signature was then built by selecting the optimal candidates based on their progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis was used to develop the survival prediction models. The calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility of the models were assessed and externally validated. RESULTS The R-signatures determined by 12 and 31 radiomics features were significantly associated with PFS and OS, respectively (P<0.05). The combined models that incorporated R-signatures, metabolic metrics, and clinical risk factors exhibited significant prognostic superiority over the clinical models, PET-based models, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index in terms of both PFS (C-index: 0.801 vs. 0.732 vs. 0.785 vs. 0.720, respectively) and OS (C-index: 0.807 vs. 0.740 vs. 0.773 vs. 0.726, respectively). For external validation, the C-indices were 0.758 vs. 0.621 vs. 0.732 vs. 0.673 and 0.794 vs. 0.696 vs. 0.781 vs. 0.708 in the PFS and OS analyses, respectively. The calibration curves showed good consistency, and the decision curve analysis supported the clinical utility of the combined model. CONCLUSION The R-signature could be used as a survival predictor for DLBCL, and its combination with clinical factors may allow for accurate risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Ang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiangjun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongyang Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology (Ministry of Education), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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Hu CY, Li X, Zeng T, Ye DM, Li YK, Yan HX. Significance of chromobox protein (CBX) expression in diffuse LBCL. Gene 2021; 813:146092. [PMID: 34896523 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the main pathological type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are classical components of polycomb group (PcG) complexes in many cancer types, resulting in accelerated carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the prognostic, functional and expression significance of these CBX family members in DLBCL remain unclear and elusive. METHODS CBX transcriptional levels were confirmed using Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases. The protein levels of CBX family members were analysed using The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Information on the PPI network, functional enrichment, drug sensitivity, prognostic value, miRNA network, protein structure, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration were generated using the GeneMANIA, Metascape, GSCALite, GEPIA, PDB, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases, and the correlation of these factors with CBX expression levels in DLBCL was assessed. RESULTS CBX1/2/3/5/6/8 mRNA levels were significantly enhanced in DLBCL tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues. CBX1/3/4/5/8 protein expression levels were obviously increased, whereas CBX7 was obviously decreased. This difference might be attributed to miRNA regulation based on the miRNA network. Overall survival (OS) analysis showed that CBX levels were not correlated with prognosis in DLBCL patients, indicating that CBXs are not good biomarkers for DLBCL patients. Furthermore, functional enrichment analyses indicated that CBXs were closely related to DNA duplex unwinding, covalent chromatin modification, and histone lysine methylation. The levels of CBXs were also significantly associated with diverse immune cell infiltration in DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that dysregulated CBXs are involved in DLBCL development and might represent potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Embryo Laboratory, Changsha Reproductive Medical Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Hengyang Medical College & Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Ye
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, PR China
| | - Yu-Kun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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Kim HG, Kim MS, Lee YS, Lee EH, Kim DC, Lee SH, Kim YZ. Hypo-trimethylation of Histone H3 Lysine 4 and Hyper-tri/dimethylation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 as Epigenetic Markers of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:690-708. [PMID: 34793663 PMCID: PMC9296929 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the methylation status of major histone modification sites in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) samples and examine their prognostic roles in patients with PCNSL. Materials and Method Between 2007 and 2020, 87 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with PCNSL. We performed immunohistochemical staining of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of PCNSL for major histone modification sites, such as H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, H3K14, and H3K36. After detection of meaningful methylation sites, we examined histone modification enzymes that induce methylation or demethylation at each site using immunohistochemical staining. The meaningful immunoreactivity was validated by western blotting using fresh tissue of PCNSL. Results More frequent recurrences were found in hypomethylation of H3K4me3 (p=0.004) and hypermethylation of H3K27me2 (p<0.001) and H3K27me3 (p=0.002). These factors were also statistically related to short PFS and OS in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Next, histone modification enzymes inducing the demethylation of H3K4 (lysine-specific demethylase (LSD)-1/2 and Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1A (JARID1A-D)) and methylation of H3K27 (enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH)-1/2) were immunohistochemically stained. Among them, the immunoreactivity of JARID1A inversely associated with the methylation status of H3K4me3 (R2=-1.431), and immunoreactivity of EZH2 was directly associated with the methylation status of H3K27me2 (R2=0.667) and H3K27me3 (R2=0.604). These results were validated by western blotting in fresh PCNSL samples. Conclusion Our study suggests that hypomethylation of H3K4me3 and hypermethylation of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 could be associated with poor outcomes in patients with PCNSL and that these relationships are modified by JARID1A and EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Gi Kim
- Division of Neuro Oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, Well Aging Research Center, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, and Translational Responsive Medicine Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, and Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dae Cheol Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Clinomics Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neuro Oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Cooperative miRNA-dependent PTEN regulation drives resistance to BTK inhibition in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1061. [PMID: 34750354 PMCID: PMC8575967 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression plays an important role in pathogenesis of different types of cancers, including B-cell lymphoid malignancies and in the development of chemo-sensitivity or -resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Ibrutinib is a first-in class, oral, covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor (BTKi) that has shown impressive clinical activity, yet many ibrutinib-treated patients relapse or develop resistance over time. We have reported that acquired resistance to ibrutinib is associated with downregulation of tumor suppressor protein PTEN and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Yet how PTEN mediates chemoresistance in B-cell malignancies is not clear. We now show that the BTKi ibrutinib and a second-generation compound, acalabrutinib downregulate miRNAs located in the 14q32 miRNA cluster region, including miR-494, miR-495, and miR-543. BTKi-resistant CLL and DLBCL cells had striking overexpression of miR-494, miR-495, miR-543, and reduced PTEN expression, indicating further regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in acquired BTKi resistance. Additionally, unlike ibrutinib-sensitive CLL patient samples, those with resistance to ibrutinib treatment, demonstrated upregulation of 14q32 cluster miRNAs, including miR-494, miR-495, and miR-543 and decreased pten mRNA expression. Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-494 directly targeted and suppressed PTEN expression by recognizing two conserved binding sites in the PTEN 3'-UTR, and subsequently activated AKTSer473. Importantly, overexpression of a miR-494 mimic abrogated both PTEN mRNA and protein levels, further indicating regulation of apoptosis by PTEN/AKT/mTOR. Conversely, overexpression of a miR-494 inhibitor in BTKi-resistant cells restored PTEN mRNA and protein levels, thereby sensitizing cells to BTKi-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-494 and miR-495 sensitized cells by cooperative targeting of pten, with additional miRNAs in the 14q32 cluster that target pten able to contribute to its regulation. Therefore, targeting 14q32 cluster miRNAs may have therapeutic value in acquired BTK-resistant patients via regulation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling axis.
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Mansouri L, Thorvaldsdottir B, Laidou S, Stamatopoulos K, Rosenquist R. Precision diagnostics in lymphomas - Recent developments and future directions. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 84:170-183. [PMID: 34699973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetics is an integral part of the clinical diagnostics of lymphomas that improves disease subclassification and patient risk-stratification. With the introduction of high-throughput sequencing technologies, a rapid, in-depth portrayal of the genomic landscape in major lymphoma entities was achieved. Whilst a few lymphoma entities were characterized by a predominant gene mutation (e.g. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and hairy cell leukemia), the vast majority demonstrated a very diverse genetic landscape with a high number of recurrent gene mutations (e.g. chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphoma), indeed reflecting the great clinical heterogeneity among lymphomas. These studies have allowed better understanding of the ontogeny and evolution of different lymphomas, while also identifying new genetic markers that can complement lymphoma diagnostics and improve prognostication. However, despite these efforts, there is still a limited number of gene mutations with predictive impact that can guide treatment selection. In this review, we will highlight clinically relevant diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers in lymphomas that are used today in routine diagnostics. We will also discuss how comprehensive genomic characterization using broad sequencing panels, allowing for the simultaneous detection of different types of genetic aberrations, may aid future development of precision diagnostics in lymphomas. This may in turn pave the way for the implementation of tailored precision therapy strategies at the individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birna Thorvaldsdottir
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stamatia Laidou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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Kizhakeyil A, Zaini NBM, Poh ZS, Wong BHS, Loh X, Ng AS, Low ZS, Prasannan P, Gong C, Tan MGK, Nagarajan C, Huang D, Lu PW, Lim JQ, Barrans S, Ong CK, Lim ST, Chng WJ, Follows G, Hodson DJ, Du MQ, Goh YT, Tan SH, Grigoropoulos NF, Verma NK. DDX3X loss is an adverse prognostic marker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is associated with chemoresistance in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:134. [PMID: 34654425 PMCID: PMC8520256 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atish Kizhakeyil
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Zhi Sheng Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Brandon Han Siang Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Xinpeng Loh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Praseetha Prasannan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Chun Gong
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Guet Khim Tan
- Clinical Translational Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia Level 9, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Chandramouli Nagarajan
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Pang Wan Lu
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Sharon Barrans
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS), St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Director's office, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR) and Dept of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George Follows
- Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ming Qing Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yeow Tee Goh
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Suat Hoon Tan
- National Skin Centre Singapore, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308205, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Francis Grigoropoulos
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 3, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore. .,National Skin Centre Singapore, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308205, Singapore.
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Garcia-Lacarte M, Grijalba SC, Melchor J, Arnaiz-Leché A, Roa S. The PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint in Normal Germinal Centers and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4683. [PMID: 34572910 PMCID: PMC8471895 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides a recognized role of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in anti-tumour immune evasion, there is accumulating evidence that PD-1/PD-L1 interactions between B and T cells also play an important role in normal germinal center (GC) reactions. Even when smaller in number, T follicular helper cells (TFH) and regulatory T (TFR) or B (Breg) cells are involved in positive selection of GC B cells and may result critical in the lymphoma microenvironment. Here, we discuss a role of PD-1/PD-L1 during tumour evolution in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a paradigm of GC-derived lymphomagenesis. We depict a progression model, in two phases, where malignant B cells take advantage of positive selection signals derived from correct antigen-presentation and PD-1/PD-L1 inter-cellular crosstalks to survive and initiate tumour expansion. Later, a constant pressure for the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic alterations facilitates that DLBCL cells exhibit higher PD-L1 levels and capacity to secrete IL-10, resembling Breg-like features. As a result, a complex immunosuppressive microenvironment is established where DLBCL cells sustain proliferation and survival by impairing regulatory control of TFR cells and limiting IL-21-mediated anti-tumour functions of TFH cells and maximize the use of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling to escape from CD8+ cytotoxic activity. Integration of these molecular and cellular addictions into a framework may contribute to the better understanding of the lymphoma microenvironment and contribute to the rationale for novel PD-1/PD-L1-based combinational immunotherapies in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Garcia-Lacarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (S.C.G.); (J.M.); (A.A.-L.)
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara C. Grijalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (S.C.G.); (J.M.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Javier Melchor
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (S.C.G.); (J.M.); (A.A.-L.)
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adrián Arnaiz-Leché
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (S.C.G.); (J.M.); (A.A.-L.)
| | - Sergio Roa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (S.C.G.); (J.M.); (A.A.-L.)
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Cancer—Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Feng L, Xu X, Zhao K. NFYB potentiates STK33 activation to promote cisplatin resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2021; 111:106708. [PMID: 34536775 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant expression of serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33) has been implicated in cancers. However, its clinical significance and biological functions in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remain largely unknown. In the present investigation, we delineated the expression of STK33 in DLBCL and its function in cisplatin resistance. METHODS First, genes associated with drug resistance as well as occurrence in DLBCL were analyzed by bioinformatics, followed by correlation analysis between STK33 expression and clinical baseline information of patients with DLBCL. Further, cisplatin-resistant DLBCL cell lines were constructed, and changes in cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment were examined after interfering the expression of STK33 in parental cells as well as in drug-resistant cells, respectively. Subsequently, the downstream signaling pathways of STK33 were analyzed. Finally, the upstream regulatory mechanism of STK33 was predicted by bioinformatics as well as experimentally validated. RESULTS STK33 was overexpressed in the patients with DLBCL as well as in cisplatin-resistant DLBCL cells, and knockdown of STK33 significantly promoted sensitivity of resistant cells to cisplatin. Moreover, our further analysis revealed that STK33 promoted cisplatin resistance in DLBCL by activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. We found in subsequent experiments that nuclear transcription factor Y subunit beta (NFYB) can bind to the STK33 promoter and thus promote STK33 expression. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor NFYB expedites the transcription of SYK33 by binding to the STK33 promoter, thereby activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway in DLBCL cells, which in turn promotes the resistance of DLBCL cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
| | - Keke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, PR China.
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Prognostication of Primary Tumor Location in Early-Stage Nodal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An Analysis of the SEER Database. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163954. [PMID: 34439110 PMCID: PMC8392260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of primary tumor location for clinical outcomes of patients with early-stage nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains uncertain. We evaluated the relationship between primary tumor site and overall survival (OS) in 9738 early-stage nodal DLBCL patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The primary site of the tumors was characterized as supradiaphragm and subdiaphragm according to the definition of lymph node distribution in the Ann Arbor staging. The OS was significantly better for patients of the supradiaphragm group (n = 6038) compared to the ones from the subdiaphragm group (n = 3655) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.24; 95%CI: 1.16-1.33; P < 0.001), and it was preserved after propensity score matching (PSM) (HR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.24; P < 0.001). Gene enrichment analyses demonstrated that the subdiaphragm group has an upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM)-related signaling, which reportedly can promote growth, invasion, and metastasis of the cancer, and downregulated interferon response, which is considered to have anti-tumor function. Our results indicate the two tumor locations (supradiaphragm and subdiaphragm) presented different prognostic implications for the overall survival, suggesting that the tumor's location could serve as a prognostic biomarker for early-stage nodal DLBCL patients.
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Saha A, Dalal Y. A glitch in the snitch: the role of linker histone H1 in shaping the epigenome in normal and diseased cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210124. [PMID: 34343462 PMCID: PMC8331230 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H1s or the linker histones are a family of dynamic chromatin compacting proteins that are essential for higher-order chromatin organization. These highly positively charged proteins were previously thought to function solely as repressors of transcription. However, over the last decade, there is a growing interest in understanding this multi-protein family, finding that not all variants act as repressors. Indeed, the H1 family members appear to have distinct affinities for chromatin and may potentially affect distinct functions. This would suggest a more nuanced contribution of H1 to chromatin organization. The advent of new technologies to probe H1 dynamics in vivo, combined with powerful computational biology, and in vitro imaging tools have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mechanisms by which H1 interacts with chromatin. This family of proteins can be metaphorically compared to the Golden Snitch from the Harry Potter series, buzzing on and off several regions of the chromatin, in combat with competing transcription factors and chromatin remodellers, thereby critical to the epigenetic endgame on short and long temporal scales in the life of the nucleus. Here, we summarize recent efforts spanning structural, computational, genomic and genetic experiments which examine the linker histone as an unseen architect of chromatin fibre in normal and diseased cells and explore unanswered fundamental questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saha
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yamini Dalal
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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APOBECs orchestrate genomic and epigenomic editing across health and disease. Trends Genet 2021; 37:1028-1043. [PMID: 34353635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
APOBEC proteins can deaminate cytosine residues in DNA and RNA. This can lead to somatic mutations, DNA breaks, RNA modifications, or DNA demethylation in a selective manner. APOBECs function in various cellular compartments and recognize different nucleic acid motifs and structures. They orchestrate a wide array of genomic and epigenomic modifications, thereby affecting various cellular functions positively or negatively, including immune editing, viral and retroelement restriction, DNA damage responses, DNA demethylation, gene expression, and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, the cumulative increase in genomic and epigenomic editing with aging could also, at least in part, be attributed to APOBEC function. We synthesize our cumulative understanding of APOBEC activity in a unifying overview and discuss their genomic and epigenomic impact in physiological, pathological, and technological contexts.
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Abstract
The genetic information of human cells is stored in the context of chromatin, which is subjected to DNA methylation and various histone modifications. Such a 'language' of chromatin modification constitutes a fundamental means of gene and (epi)genome regulation, underlying a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. In recent years, mounting evidence has demonstrated that miswriting, misreading or mis-erasing of the modification language embedded in chromatin represents a common, sometimes early and pivotal, event across a wide range of human cancers, contributing to oncogenesis through the induction of epigenetic, transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations. It is increasingly clear that cancer-related metabolic perturbations and oncohistone mutations also directly impact chromatin modification, thereby promoting cancerous transformation. Phase separation-based deregulation of chromatin modulators and chromatin structure is also emerging to be an important underpinning of tumorigenesis. Understanding the various molecular pathways that underscore a misregulated chromatin language in cancer, together with discovery and development of more effective drugs to target these chromatin-related vulnerabilities, will enhance treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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An Overview on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Models: Towards a Functional Genomics Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122893. [PMID: 34207773 PMCID: PMC8226720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphoma research is a paradigm of integrating basic and applied research within the fields of molecular marker-based diagnosis and therapy. In recent years, major advances in next-generation sequencing have substantially improved the understanding of the genomics underlying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most frequent type of B-cell lymphoma. This review addresses the various approaches that have helped unveil the biology and intricate alterations in this pathology, from cell lines to more sophisticated last-generation experimental models, such as organoids. We also provide an overview of the most recent findings in the field, their potential relevance for designing targeted therapies and the corresponding applicability to personalized medicine. Abstract Lymphoma research is a paradigm of the integration of basic and clinical research within the fields of diagnosis and therapy. Clinical, phenotypic, and genetic data are currently used to predict which patients could benefit from standard treatment. However, alternative therapies for patients at higher risk from refractoriness or relapse are usually empirically proposed, based on trial and error, without considering the genetic complexity of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. This is primarily due to the intricate mosaic of genetic and epigenetic alterations in lymphomas, which are an obstacle to the prediction of which drug will work for any given patient. Matching a patient’s genes to drug sensitivity by directly testing live tissues comprises the “precision medicine” concept. However, in the case of lymphomas, this concept should be expanded beyond genomics, eventually providing better treatment options for patients in need of alternative therapeutic approaches. We provide an overview of the most recent findings in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas genomics, from the classic functional models used to study tumor biology and the response to experimental treatments using cell lines and mouse models, to the most recent approaches with spheroid/organoid models. We also discuss their potential relevance and applicability to daily clinical practice.
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Kuang Z, Li X, Liu R, Chen S, Tu J. Comprehensive Characterization of Cachexia-Inducing Factors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Reveals a Molecular Subtype and a Prognosis-Related Signature. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648856. [PMID: 34079795 PMCID: PMC8166255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cachexia is defined as an involuntary decrease in body weight, which can increase the risk of death in cancer patients and reduce the quality of life. Cachexia-inducing factors (CIFs) have been reported in colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but their value in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) requires further genetic research. Methods We used gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus to evaluate the expression landscape of 25 known CIFs in DLBCL patients and compared them with normal lymphoma tissues from two cohorts [GSE56315 (n = 88) and GSE12195 (n = 136)]. The mutational status of CIFs were also evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Based on the expression profiles of 25 CIFs, a single exploratory dataset which was merged by the datasets of GSE10846 (n = 420) and GSE31312 (n = 498) were divided into two molecular subtypes by using the method of consensus clustering. Immune microenvironment between different subtypes were assessed via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and the CIBERSORT algorithm. The treatment response of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs was predicted and gene set variation analysis was utilized to reveal the divergence in activated pathways for distinct subtypes. A risk signature was derived by univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression in the merged dataset (n = 882), and two independent cohorts [GSE87371 (n = 221) and GSE32918 (n = 244)] were used for validation, respectively. Results Clustering analysis with CIFs further divided the cases into two molecular subtypes (cluster A and cluster B) associated with distinct prognosis, immunological landscape, chemosensitivity, and biological process. A risk-prognostic signature based on CCL2, CSF2, IL15, IL17A, IL4, TGFA, and TNFSF10 for DLBCL was developed, and significant differences in overall survival analysis were found between the low- and high-risk groups in the training dataset and another two independent validation datasets. Multivariate regression showed that the risk signature was an independently prognostic factor in contrast to other clinical characteristics. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CIFs further contribute to the observed heterogeneity of DLBCL, and molecular classification and a risk signature based on CIFs are both promising tools for prognostic stratification, which may provide important clues for precision medicine and tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Kuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Oncology, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
| | - Shaoxing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Tu
- Department of Oncology, Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Nanping, China
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)s, the most common type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders including different disease sites, strikingly diverse molecular features and a profound variability in the clinical behavior. Molecular studies and clinical trials have partially revealed the underlying causes for this variability and have made possible the recognition of some molecular variants susceptible of specific therapeutic approaches. The main histogenetic groups include the germinal center, activated B cells, thymic B cells and terminally differentiated B cells, a basic scheme where the large majority of DLBCL cases can be ascribed. The nodal/extranodal origin, specific mutational changes and microenvironment peculiarities provide additional layers of complexity. Here, we summarize the status of the knowledge and make some specific proposals for addressing the future development of targeted therapy for DLBC cases.
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