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Poleti ML, Gregório D, Bistaffa AGI, Vilhena FV, Simão ANC, Mori MTE, Stadtlober NP, Lozovoy MAB, da Silva Santos PS, Tatibana BT, Fernandes TMF. Can toothbrushing reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2? A pilot study with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2024; 19:Doc32. [PMID: 38993377 PMCID: PMC11238404 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative (APD) can reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty COVID-19-positive dentate patients aged ≥18 years were selected instructed to brush their teeth for 2 min with a dentifrice containing APD. Self-collected samples of unstimulated saliva were carried out three times: T0 (baseline), T5 (5 min after toothbrushing), and T30 (30 min after toothbrushing). The analysis of viral RNA was performed by RT-qPCR for detection of three viral genes (ORF1ab, N and S genes). Results were statistically tested using Friedman's test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni corrections, with a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in the cycle threshold (Ct) value from T0 to T5 in 13 patients (72.2%), and from T0 to T30 in 14 patients (77.8%). In two patients (11.1%) no SARS-CoV-2 was detected at T5 and five patients (27.8%) at T30. The Ct values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.020) at T30 in comparison to T0 and T5. This pilot study suggests that toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing APD could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity. However, further studies are needed to confirm this possible beneficial effect against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Gregório
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Paraná – UNOPAR/UNIDERP, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mayara Tiemi Enokida Mori
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nicole Perugini Stadtlober
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Maria Freire Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Paraná – UNOPAR/UNIDERP, Londrina, Brazil
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Oh J, Lee M, Lee H, Yang H, Park J, Rahmati M, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Fond G, Boyer L, Kim MS, Lee SW, López Sánchez GF, Dragioti E, Woo HG, Yon DK. Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2349249. [PMID: 38147331 PMCID: PMC10751599 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Only a few studies have examined the long-term trends of hand and oral hygiene, especially among adolescents. Objective To investigate the 15-year trends in frequency of handwashing and toothbrushing and examine the factors associated with hand and oral hygiene, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study, performed from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022, used general population-based data from 963 644 individuals in a national representative survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey [KYRBS]). Exposure COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcomes and Measures Trends in hand and oral hygiene practices were measured by how frequently adolescents washed their hands and whether they fulfilled the recommended guidelines for toothbrushing. An interrupted time series analysis using linear and logistic regression models was performed to assess any associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand and oral hygiene behaviors before and during the pandemic in each sociodemographic subgroup were also compared. Results In the 963 644 adolescents (495 697 [51.4%] male; mean [range] age, 15.01 [12-18] years) who participated in the KYRBS from 2008 to 2022, a 73.3% (95% CI, 59.4%-97.4%; P < .001) immediate increase was seen in overall hand hygiene behavior at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, with a sustained decrease thereafter (β = -0.018; 95% CI, -0.022 to -0.015; P < .001). Meanwhile, no immediate increase was observed in terms of overall oral hygiene behavior (0.1%; 95% CI, -0.9% to 1.1%; P = .82); however, there was a sustained decrease during the pandemic (β = -0.018; 95% CI, -0.020 to -0.016; P < .001). Older age, female sex, nonsmoking status, alcohol use, low household economic level, and poor school performance were significantly associated with poor hand hygiene during the pandemic. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of South Korean adolescents, an increase in the prevalence of hand hygiene was observed during the early pandemic; however, this prevalence decreased over time. Meanwhile, the decrease in the prevalence of oral hygiene was more pronounced during the pandemic. This study recommends stronger guidelines for adolescent health coaches, such as teachers or public health advisers, regarding hygiene behaviors, even after the COVID-19 pandemic ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwi Yang
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Guillermo F. López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Halboub E, Tamimi F, Salleh NM, Al-Ak'hali MS, Kassim S, Abdulrab S, Anweigi L, Mohammed MMA. The impact of periodontal disease on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:658. [PMID: 37689665 PMCID: PMC10493030 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A possible relationship between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes has been suggested. Hence, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the available evidence regarding the potential association between periodontitis (PD) and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published up to April 15th, 2023. Studies that evaluated the association between PD and COVID-19 were included. Risk of bias was evaluated by two reviewers, and meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 92,535 patients from USA, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and South America were included; of these, 12 were pooled into the meta-analysis. Most of the studies (19 studies) reported a significant association between PD and COVID-19. The pooled data found a significant association between PD and COVID-19 outcomes: more severe symptoms (OR = 6.95, P = 0.0008), ICU admissions (OR = 3.15, P = 0.0001), and mortality (OR = 1.92, P = 0.21). Additionally, compared to mild PD, severe PD was significantly associated with higher risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes: severe symptoms (P = 0.02); ICU admission (P = 0.0001); and higher mortality rates (P = 0.0001). The results also revealed 58% higher risk for COVID-19 infection in patients with PD (P = 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest a possible association between poor periodontal health and the risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. However, owing to the observed methodological heterogeneity across the included studies, further prospective cohort studies with standardized methodologies are warranted to further unravel the potential association between periodontal disease and COVID-19 and its adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Saba Kassim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem Abdulrab
- Al Khor Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lamyia Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Bhagat V, Hoang H, Crocombe LA, Goldberg LR. Australian nursing students' perception, knowledge, and attitude towards oral healthcare of older people and associated factors: a national cross-sectional survey. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:190. [PMID: 37277753 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral health of many older Australians is poor and associated with many systemic health problems. However, nurses often have a limited understanding of the importance of oral healthcare for older people. This study aimed to investigate Australian nursing students' perception, knowledge, and attitude toward providing oral healthcare for older people and associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among final year nursing students studying at accredited nursing programs using an online self-reported 49-item survey. The data were analysed using univariate and bivariate analysis (t-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation test). RESULTS A total of 416 final-year nursing students from 16 accredited programs in Australia completed the survey. Mean scores showed that more than half of the participants felt they lacked confidence (55%, n = 229) and had limited knowledge about oral healthcare for older people (73%, n = 304); however, their attitude towards providing such care was favourable (89%, n = 369). A positive correlation was found between students' confidence in delivering oral healthcare to older people and their perceived knowledge (r = 0.13, p < 0.01). Results revealed a statistically significant positive association between students' experience in providing oral healthcare to older people and students' perception (t = 4.52, p < 0.001), knowledge (t = 2.87, p < 0.01), and attitude (t = 2.65, p < 0.01) mean scores in such care. Nearly 60% (n = 242) of participants received education/training in oral healthcare for older people at university, but this was often for less than one hour. Around 56% (n = 233) believed that the current nursing curriculum did not prepare them to provide effective oral healthcare to older people. CONCLUSION Findings suggested a need for nursing curricula to be revised to include oral health education and clinical experience. Knowledge of evidence-based oral healthcare by nursing students may improve the quality of oral healthcare for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bhagat
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Ha Hoang
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Lynette R Goldberg
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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Hussein RR, Ahmed E, Abou-Bakr A, El-Gawish AA, Ras ABE, Ghalwash DM. Oral Changes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:3002034. [PMID: 37223395 PMCID: PMC10202601 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread over the globe, and several oral symptoms have been documented. However, it is unclear whether these lesions are the result of coronavirus infection or are secondary symptoms of the patient's systemic illness. The aim of this study was to collect data from various hospitals on COVID-19 patients with oral involvement in order to highlight different oral changes that may be manifested in those patients. Methods This observational cross-sectional multicenter study used an online questionnaire covering oral signs and symptoms that were believed to be related to COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in different hospitals in Egypt. Results 94.3% of the 210 patients who participated in the current study developed oral symptoms. Altered taste sensation (56.2%), burning sensation (43.3%), and oral candidiasis (40%) were the most prevalent oral symptoms (34.4%) that were found in the studied sample. Conclusions COVID-19 has a major influence on the oral cavity, with numerous oral symptoms that may impair quality of life. Thus, considering the need for support, pain control, and management for a better prognosis, the clinical dental evaluation of hospitalized patients with infectious diseases like COVID-19 should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa R. Hussein
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enji Ahmed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abou-Bakr
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Ayman A. El-Gawish
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Abou-Bakr E. Ras
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Qalyoubya, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Ghalwash
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
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6
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Su N, Donders MCHCM, Ho JPTF, Vespasiano V, de Lange J, Loos BG. Development and external validation of prediction models for critical outcomes of unvaccinated COVID-19 patients based on demographics, medical conditions and dental status. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15283. [PMID: 37064437 PMCID: PMC10084632 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple prediction models were developed for critical outcomes of COVID-19. However, prediction models using predictors which can be easily obtained in clinical practice and on dental status are scarce. Aim The study aimed to develop and externally validate prediction models for critical outcomes of COVID-19 for unvaccinated adult patients in hospital settings based on demographics, medical conditions, and dental status. Methods A total of 285 and 352 patients from two hospitals in the Netherlands were retrospectively included as derivation and validation cohorts. Demographics, medical conditions, and dental status were considered potential predictors. The critical outcomes (death and ICU admission) were considered endpoints. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop two models: for death alone and for critical outcomes. The performance and clinical values of the models were determined in both cohorts. Results Age, number of teeth, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were the significant independent predictors. The models showed good to excellent calibration with observed: expected (O:E) ratios of 0.98 (95%CI: 0.76 to 1.25) and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.80 to 1.24), and discrimination with shrunken area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.85 and 0.79, based on the derivation cohort. In the validation cohort, the models showed good to excellent discrimination with AUC values of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.80 to 0.90) and 0.78 (95%CI: 0.73 to 0.83), but an overestimation in calibration with O:E ratios of 0.65 (95%CI: 0.49 to 0.85) and 0.67 (95%CI: 0.52 to 0.84). Conclusion The performance of the models was acceptable in both derivation and validation cohorts. Number of teeth was an additive important predictor of critical outcomes of COVID-19. It is an easy-to-apply tool in hospitals for risk stratification of COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naichuan Su
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Chris H C M Donders
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre T F Ho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Vespasiano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Lange
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gupta I, Patel SA, Kondal D, Goodman M, Mohan S, Ali MK, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Shridhar K. Epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 and its association with periodontal health in an urban Indian cohort. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1108465. [PMID: 37050946 PMCID: PMC10083433 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundStudies have highlighted a possible influence of gingival and periodontal disease (PD) on COVID-19 risk and severity. However, the evidence is based on hospital-based studies and community-level data are sparse.ObjectivesWe described the epidemiological pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Delhi and evaluated the associations of gingival and PD with incident COVID-19 disease in a regionally representative urban Indian population.MethodsIn a prospective study nested within the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia (CARRS) study, participants with clinical gingival and periodontal status available at baseline (2014–16) (n = 1,727) were approached between October 2021 to March 2022. Information on COVID-19 incidence, testing, management, severity was collected as per the WHO case criteria along with COVID-19 vaccination status. Absolute incidence of COVID-19 disease was computed by age, sex, and oral health. Differences in rates were tested using log-rank test. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate independent associations between gingival and PD and incidence of COVID-19, adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral factors, presence of comorbidity, and medication use.ResultsAmong 1,727 participants, the mean age was 44.0 years, 45.7% were men, 84.5% participants had baseline gingival or PD and 89.4% participants had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, 35% (n = 606) participants were tested for COVID-19 and 24% (n = 146/606) tested positive. As per the WHO criteria total number of cases was 210, constituting 12% of the total population. The age and sex-specific rates of COVID-19 were higher among men and older participants, but women aged >60 years had higher rates than men of same age. The incidence rate did not differ significantly between those having gingival or PD and healthy periodontium (19.1 vs. 16.5/1,000 person-years) and there was no difference in risk of COVID-19 by baseline oral disease status.ConclusionGingival and PD were not associated with increased risk of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Ishita Gupta,
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sailesh Mohan
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohammed K. Ali
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K. M. Venkat Narayan
- Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krithiga Shridhar
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Mainas G, Nibali L, Ide M, Mahmeed WA, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janež A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Papanas N, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Metabolites 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 36676965 PMCID: PMC9865290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a microbially driven, host-mediated disease that leads to loss of periodontal attachment and resorption of bone. It is associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers and with the presence of systemic comorbidities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the majority of patients have mild symptoms, others experience important complications that can lead to death. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several investigations demonstrating the possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 have been reported. In addition, both periodontal disease and COVID-19 seem to provoke and/or impair several cardiometabolic complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Therefore, due to the increasing number of investigations focusing on the periodontitis-COVID-19 relationship and considering the severe complications that such an association might cause, this review aims to summarize all existing emerging evidence regarding the link between the periodontitis-COVID-19 axis and consequent cardiometabolic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112412, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 90419 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65417 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, 06540 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 48338, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ali A. Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Anca P. Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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9
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Poleti ML, Gregório D, Bistaffa AGI, Fernandes KBP, Vilhena FV, Santos PSDS, Simão ANC, Lozovoy MAB, Tatibana BT, Fernandes TMF. USE OF MOUTHWASH AND DENTIFRICE CONTAINING AN ANTIMICROBIAL PHTHALOCYANINE DERIVATIVE FOR THE REDUCTION OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19: A RANDOMIZED TRIPLE-BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101777. [PMID: 36494114 PMCID: PMC9472577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the use of mouthwash and dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative (APD) to reduce the clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19. METHODS This randomized, triple-blind clinical trial enrolled 134 patients aged 18 years or older who underwent COVID-19 testing through the use of nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR in a reference center for the diagnosis of COVID-19, had no clinical contraindications to mouthwash and gargle, and had access to cell phones with communication applications. According to the use of a mouthwash and dentifrice containing antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivatives (APD), patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the APD or non-APD (control) group. All participants were instructed to floss twice a day, brush teeth for 2 minutes 3 times a day, and gargle/rinse (5 mL) for 1 min/3 times a day for 7 days. An online questionnaire was sent to collect data on the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 3 times: T0 (baseline before using the oral hygiene products), T3 (3 days after), and T7 (7 days after). The investigators, patients, and outcome assessors were blinded to group assignment. The Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, Fisher's exact, and Cochran's tests were used according to the nature of the variables studied, with the level of significance set at P < .05. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of symptoms between groups at baseline. A statistically significant reduction in clinical symptoms was found in the control group (fatigue, shortness of breath, hoarse voice, sore throat, nasal congestion, and chest pain) and APD group (cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, hyposmia/anosmia, dysgeusia, hoarse voice, sore throat, nasal congestion, chest pain, diarrhea, and irritability/confusion) during the follow-up period. There were statistically significant differences, with a higher prevalence of symptoms in the control group at T3 and T7. Dysgeusia, sore throat, and irritability/confusion were less prevalent in the APD group at T3, and shortness of breath, hyposmia/anosmia, dysgeusia, hoarse voice, sore throat, diarrhea, and irritability/confusion were more prevalent in the control group at T7. CONCLUSIONS Based on this methodology, the results demonstrated that the regular use of mouthwash and dentifrice-containing APD had a positive impact on the clinical symptoms, as reported by patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen Barros Parron Fernandes
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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10
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Gregorczyk-Maga I, Fiema M, Kania M, Kędzierska J, Jachowicz E, Romaniszyn D, Wójkowska-Mach J. Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1013559. [PMID: 36386658 PMCID: PMC9651008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1013559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the human oral microbiota are currently investigated widely. Patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting are at high risk of developing severe complications, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, thus making oral health management important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and assess the dysbiosis of cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 56 adult COVID-19 patients that qualified for mechanical ventilation in the Temporary ICU for COVID-19 Patients of the University Hospital in Krakow. On admission to the ICU, oral health of patients was assessed using the modified Beck Oral Assessment Score (BOAS). Four oral habitats were sampled, namely the buccal mucosa, tongue, buccal dental surface and gingival pocket. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. The mean age of the study population was 66.5 ± 12.7 years, there were 24 (42.9%) females. All patients included in this study were intubated and ventilated in the ICU, with a corresponding high mortality rate (76.8%). On admission to ICU, 76.8% subjects scored 11–20 on the BOAS scale (median 12 [IQR 10–14]), indicating moderate or severe dysfunction of oral health. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified in the oral microbiota samples, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 23.2%, 39.3%, 17.9%, and 19.6% of patients, respectively. Lactobacillus spp. were present in 57.1% subjects. The mean CFU counts of all bacteria strains in dental brushes were 9.3E+5 (1.4E+6) and in gingival pockets 7.6E+5 (1.4E+6). The highest CFU counts were observed for Enterococcus spp. and, Lactobacillus spp., although these did not differ significantly from CFU counts of Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In this report we comprehensively characterized the oral health condition and cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. The oral bacteriota showed significant qualitative and quantitative dysbiosis. Hospitalization in an ICU and mechanical ventilation are important factors leading to oral dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Fiema
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Kania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michal Kania,
| | | | - Estera Jachowicz
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Romaniszyn
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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11
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Gut Microbiota Dynamics in Relation to Long-COVID-19 Syndrome: Role of Probiotics to Combat Psychiatric Complications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100912. [PMID: 36295814 PMCID: PMC9611210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of patients who recover from COVID-19 report lasting symptoms, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, dementia, and insomnia, known collectively as post-acute COVID syndrome or long COVID. These lasting symptoms have been examined in different studies and found to influence multiple organs, sometimes resulting in life-threating conditions. In this review, these symptoms are discussed in connection to the COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 immune changes, highlighting oral and psychiatric health, as this work focuses on the gut microbiota’s link to long-COVID-19 manifestations in the liver, heart, kidney, brain, and spleen. A model of this is presented to show the biological and clinical implications of gut microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infection and how they could possibly affect the therapeutic aspects of the disease. Probiotics can support the body’s systems in fighting viral infections. This review focuses on current knowledge about the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapies for COVID-19 patients that might help to prevent long-COVID-19 complications.
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12
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Gutierrez-Camacho JR, Avila-Carrasco L, Martinez-Vazquez MC, Garza-Veloz I, Zorrilla-Alfaro SM, Gutierrez-Camacho V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Oral Lesions Associated with COVID-19 and the Participation of the Buccal Cavity as a Key Player for Establishment of Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11383. [PMID: 36141654 PMCID: PMC9517300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some oral lesions have been described in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the possibility has been raised that the buccal lesions observed in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due to this virus and the patient's systemic condition. The aim of this review was to integrate the knowledge related to the oral lesions associated with COVID-19 and the participation of the buccal cavity in the establishment of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A literature search on the manifestations of buccal lesions from the beginning of the pandemic until October 2021 was carried out by using the PubMed database. A total of 157 scientific articles were selected from the library, which included case reports and reports of lesions appearing in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS Oral lesions included erosions, ulcers, vesicles, pustules, plaques, depapillated tongue, and pigmentations, among others. The oral cavity is a conducive environment for the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the mucosal immune system and target cells; direct effects of the virus in this cavity worsen the antiviral inflammatory response of underlying oral disorders, immunodeficiencies, and autoimmunity primarily. CONCLUSIONS The oral cavity is an accessible and privileged environment for the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the mucosal immune system and target cells; the direct effects of the virus in this cavity worsen the antiviral inflammatory response of underlying oral disorders, in particular those related to immunodeficiencies and autoimmunity.
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13
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Association of periodontal therapy, with inflammatory biomarkers and complications in COVID-19 patients: a case control study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6721-6732. [PMID: 35906340 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, COVID-19 complications were reported to be associated with periodontitis. Accordingly, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that a history of periodontal therapy could be associated with lower risk of COVID-19 complications. METHODS A case-control study was performed using the medical health records of COVID-19 patients in the State of Qatar between March 2020 and February 2021 and dental records between January 2017 and December 2021. Cases were defined as COVID-19 patients who suffered complications (death, ICU admissions and/or mechanical ventilation); controls were COVID-19 patients who recovered without major complications. Associations between a history of periodontal therapy and COVID-19 complications were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and medical factors. Blood parameters were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS In total, 1,325 patients were included. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) analysis revealed that non-treated periodontitis was associated with significant risk of need for mechanical ventilation (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.21-12.57, p = 0.022) compared to periodontally healthy patients, while treated periodontitis was not (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 0.25-6.58, p = 0.768). Blood analyses revealed that periodontitis patients with a history of periodontal therapy had significantly lower levels of D-dimer and Ferritin than non-treated periodontitis patients. CONCLUSION Among COVID-19 patients with periodontal bone loss, only those that have not received periodontal therapy had higher risk of need for assisted ventilation. COVID-19 patients with a history of periodontal therapy were associated with significantly lower D-dimer levels than those without recent records of periodontal therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The fact that patients with treated periodontitis were less likely to suffer COVID-19 complications than non-treated ones further strengthen the hypothesis linking periodontitis to COVID-19 complications and suggests that managing periodontitis could help reduce the risk for COVID-19 complications, although future research is needed to verify this.
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14
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COVID-19 Induced Taste Dysfunction and Recovery: Association with Smell Dysfunction and Oral Health Behaviour. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060715. [PMID: 35743978 PMCID: PMC9231283 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Disruption to taste and smell are common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The current literature overlooks taste symptoms and tends to focus on the sense of smell. Persisting cases (>28 days) of taste dysfunction are increasingly recognised as a major future healthcare challenge. This study focuses on the severity and recovery of COVID-19 induced taste loss and association with olfactory symptoms, lifestyle and oral health factors. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey comparing 182 rapid taste recovery participants (≤28 days) with 47 participants with prolonged taste recovery >28 days. Analyses of taste loss in association with smell loss, age, sex, illness severity, diet, BMI, vitamin-D supplementation, antidepressants, alcohol use, smoking, brushing frequency, flossing, missing teeth, appliances and number of dental restorations were conducted. Differences in the severity of the loss of sour, sweet, salt, bitter and umami tastes were explored. Results: Both the severity and the duration of taste and smell loss were closely correlated (p < 0.001). Salt taste was significantly less affected than all other taste qualities (p < 0.001). Persisting taste loss was associated with older age (mean ± 95% CI = 31.73 ± 1.23 years vs. 36.66 ± 3.59 years, p < 0.001) and reduced likelihood of using floss (odds ratio ± 95% CI = 2.22 (1.15−4.25), p = 0.047). Conclusions: Smell and taste loss in COVID-19 are closely related, although a minority of individuals can experience taste or smell dysfunction in the absence of the other. The taste of salt may be less severely affected than other taste qualities and future work exploring this finding objectively is indicated. The association of flossing with rapid taste recovery adds to the growing evidence of a link between good periodontal health and favourable COVID-19 outcomes.
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15
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Cortés OL, Paipa MDP, Mojica C, Rojas YA, Pulido S, Arias M, Esparza M, Martínez N, Vasquez SM, Arevalo I. Characteristics, treatment, and nursing care of patients infected by Sars-CoV-2 hospitalized in intensive care units: multicenter study of colombian hospitals. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2022; 40:e08. [PMID: 35485621 PMCID: PMC9052716 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v40n1e08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, evolution, and nursing care of adult patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) during the first peak of the pandemic in Colombia, 2020. METHODS Multicenter descriptive study of four high-complexity hospitals in Colombia, which included 473 consecutive adult patients admitted to intensive care units with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS CoV-2. Sociodemographic and clinical information - comorbidities, treatment and evolution - and nursing care provided were included. RESULTS Of the patients included, 43.7% died, 88.8% had pneumonia, and 60.2% developed respiratory distress syndrome. Most of those who died were men. Those who died had a median age of 68.4 years and a higher frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and higher body mass index). They were admitted to the ICU with higher rate of dyspnea, lower oxygen saturation, and higher score of multiorgan failure. They also more often required mechanical ventilation and pronation therapy and were given more vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS People with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the ICU had a high risk of death, especially older patients; males; those with cardiovascular, respiratory, and hypertension comorbidities; those who needed mechanical ventilation; and those with an elevated SOFA score. The nursing care of these critically ill patients focused on respiratory care and the prevention of associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Cortés
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Colombia,
| | | | - Carolina Mojica
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Colombia,
| | - Yudy A Rojas
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Colombia,
| | | | - Martha Arias
- Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Colombia,
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16
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Qi X, Northridge ME, Hu M, Wu B. Oral health conditions and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 35281130 PMCID: PMC8896863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the underlying conditions that lead to COVID-19. Oral health has systemic implications in the maintenance of a healthy state. This study aimed to summarize evidence on the prevalence of oral health conditions in participants with COVID-19 and assess the associations between oral health conditions and COVID-19 related outcomes. Methods Article searches were conducted in five databases and the gray literature from December 1, 2019 to March 1, 2021. Studies that reported oral health conditions for participants with COVID-19 and/or examined associations between oral health and COVID-19 were included. Results We identified 15 articles that encompassed 5,377 participants with COVID-19 from 10 countries. Dry mouth was the most common oral health condition reported (41.0%), followed by oral lesions (38.8%), orofacial pain (18.3%), and periodontal symptoms (11.7%). Based on the pooled odds ratios (ORs), periodontal symptoms were not associated with COVID-19 positivity (OR = 1.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.73-1.65) or mortality (OR = 2.71; 95% CI, 0.64-11.51), but were associated with COVID-19 severity (OR = 3.18; 95% CI, 1.81-5.58). Conclusions Oral health conditions are common in participants with COVID-19 and should be considered in both the onset and progression of this disease. Knowledge in this area is still limited, and the quality of the data extracted was low. Further longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether oral health conditions are a consequence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 or whether they predate infection and are risk factors for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qi
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, 433 First Avenue, Room 520, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mary E Northridge
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York 10016, USA
| | - Mengyao Hu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, 433 First Avenue, Room 520, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, 433 First Avenue, Room 520, New York, NY 10010, USA
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17
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Relationship between Recovery from COVID-19-Induced Smell Loss and General and Oral Health Factors. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020283. [PMID: 35208609 PMCID: PMC8877343 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Loss of smell is one of the strongest predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can persist long after other symptoms have resolved. “Long” cases (>28 days) of smell dysfunction present future challenges to medical and dental professionals, as there is a lack of evidence on the causes and any exacerbating or relieving factors. This study aimed to explore the persistence of COVID-19-induced smell loss and association with physical, lifestyle and oral health factors. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of 235 participants. Recovery of smell was explored, comparing rapid recovery (≤28 days) with prolonged recovery (>28 days). Associative factors included age, sex, illness severity, diet, BMI, vitamin D supplementation, antidepressants, alcohol use, smoking, brushing frequency, flossing, missing teeth, appliances and number of dental restorations. Results: Smell loss showed 87% resolution within 30 days. Prolonged smell loss was significantly associated with older age (mean ± 95%, CI = 31.53 ± 1.36 years for rapid recovery vs. mean ± 95%, CI = 36.0 ± 3 years for prolonged recovery, p = 0.003) and increased self-reported illness severity (mean ± 95%, CI = 4.39 ± 0.27 for rapid recovery vs. 5.01 ± 0.54 for prolonged recovery, p = 0.016). Fisher’s exact test revealed flossing was associated with rapid recovery, with flossers comprising 75% of the rapid-recovery group, compared to 56% in the prolonged-recovery group (odds ratio ± 95%, CI = 2.26 (1.23–4.15), p = 0.01). All other factors were not significantly associated (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Increased age and illness severity were associated with prolonged smell recovery. Use of floss was the only modifiable factor associated with rapid recovery of smell loss. As 87% of cases resolve within 30 days, future studies may benefit from targeted recruitment of individuals experiencing prolonged sense loss. This would increase statistical confidence when declaring no association with the other factors assessed, avoiding type II errors.
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Kumari D, Mailankote S. Strengthening Behavioral Patterns Impacting COVID-19 Vaccination and Oral Health Amidst the Looming Third Wave Scenario—Need of the Hour! JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim The current review aims to ascertain the scope and depth of the behavioral patterns impacting COVID-19 vaccination and oral health as well as recognize the rates of acceptance and hesitancy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.
Background The COVID-19 vaccination drive is a decisive factor in the control and termination of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns about vaccine hesitancy are growing worldwide and it has been thus declared as one among the top 10 threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization; thus, addressing the obstacles and expediters of vaccines will be fundamental in initiating and effectively implementing the interventions to accomplish extreme vaccine coverage.
Review Results The vaccine utility is not merely reliant on the efficacy and the safety of the vaccine. The major factor is the vaccine acceptance among the general public of all the sectors of the society. Trust in public authorities, adverse effects, phobias, community influences affect the vaccine acceptance rate tremendously. With an evolving third peak of the COVID pandemic, the affinity toward availing COVID vaccine has increased but the hesitancy rate among individuals still persists.
Conclusion The large variations in vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rates can impact the efforts put forth in eliminating the disease. Thus public health policies can enable development of effective approaches to overcome the hesitancy related to COVID-19 vaccine thereby increasing its uptake and facilitating smooth functioning of the vaccination drives which could help conduit the existing gaps.
Clinical Significance Involvement of dental health professionals in vaccination campaigns is vital for the enforcement of common risk factor approach wherein focus can be shed on both general and oral health wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deesha Kumari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa Mailankote
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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19
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Cuevas-Gonzalez MV, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Donohue-Cornejo A, Tovar-Carrillo KL, Saucedo-Acuña RA, García-Calderón AG, Guzmán-Gastelum DA, Cuevas-Gonzalez JC. COVID-19 and its manifestations in the oral cavity: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28327. [PMID: 34941133 PMCID: PMC8701462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) disease, which has been shown to trigger multiple affectations. One of the first tissue areas to come into contact with the virus is the oral cavity, which develops various alterations. Hence, the objective of this systematic review was to identify the main signs and symptoms of this disease in the oral cavity, and the following research question was established: What are the main oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19-positive persons? METHODS The electronic databases of PUBMED, SCOPUS, and SCIENCE DIRECT were analyzed, the keywords "ORAL DISEASES," "ORAL MANIFESTACTIONS," and "COVID-19" were used taking into account the following inclusion criteria: studies whose main objective was oral manifestations secondary to the confirmation of COVID-19, plus clinical cases, case series, and retrospective or prospective studies. For the assessment of the risk of bias the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series tool was used. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included, the most common initial signs/symptoms after contagion of SARS-CoV-2 were dysgeusia, dry mouth, and burning mouth, and the main signs/symptoms were the presence of ulcerative lesions, dysgeusia, and Candida albicans infections. CONCLUSIONS It is very important to detect any alteration in the mucosa in patients with COVID-19 and to provide assertive treatment to avoid complications, and try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the disease to avoid the colonization of opportunistic microorganisms and to avoid complications both orally and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Alicia Saucedo-Acuña
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
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20
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Vilhena FV, Orcina BDF, Reia VCB, Zangrando MR, Oliveira RCD, Santos PSDS. Importance of oral health care in times of COVID-19. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2021; 19:eCE6706. [PMID: 34932758 PMCID: PMC8664280 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021ce6706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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BAŞMAN A, PEKER İ, ALTUNKAYNAK B. The Evaluation of Knowledge and Behavior of Medical Doctors about Toothbrush Disinfection. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.975806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Matsuda S, Yoshida H, Yoshimura H, Goi T, Yoshida Y, Iwasaki H. Has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the oral health and nutritional status of elderly patients with digestive cancer?: A retrospective study in Fukui, Japan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27500. [PMID: 34622884 PMCID: PMC8500633 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected various aspects, including socioeconomic status and health. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health based on the number of teeth that contribute to mastication, and the nutritional status of elderly patients with digestive cancers.The authors defined the before and during COVID-19 periods in this study as January 2019 to December 2019 and January 2020 to December 2020, respectively. Patients with digestive cancer who underwent general, laboratory, and orthopantomograph examinations for preoperative oral health assessment before general anesthesia participated in this study. The authors investigated the following general characteristics: (1) sex, (2) age, and (3) the organ affected by disease and scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia. The authors collected information about (4) the number of teeth that could contribute to mastication as a clinical oral health parameter. The parameters: (5) body mass index, (6) serum total protein levels, and (7) serum albumin levels were used to indicate the nutritional status.A total of 233 elderly patients with digestive cancer participated in this study. There was no significant difference between the age of the patients with digestive cancer. There was also no significant difference in the number of teeth that could contribute to mastication. Additionally, there was no significant difference in nutritional status as indicated by the body mass index, serum total protein levels, and serum albumin levels.This study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 did not have a significant influence on the oral health and nutritional status of elderly patients with digestive cancer. However, the influence of COVID-19 on community oral health may become apparent in the future. Thus, dental professionals should continue further research regarding the effects of COVID-19 on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Matsuda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Unit of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hisato Yoshida
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Unit of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Unit of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Goi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Center for Preoperative Assessment, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Division of Infection Control, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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23
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Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Carlo M, Ceccarelli L, Galli M, Sarzi-Puttini P, Giovagnoni A. Predicting Severe/Critical Outcomes in Patients With SARS-CoV2 Pneumonia: Development of the prediCtion seveRe/crItical ouTcome in COVID-19 (CRITIC) Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:695195. [PMID: 34568363 PMCID: PMC8456023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.695195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To create a prediction model of the risk of severe/critical disease in patients with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: Clinical, laboratory, and lung computed tomography (CT) severity score were collected from patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia and considered as independent variables for the risk of severe/critical disease in a logistic regression analysis. The discriminative properties of the variables were analyzed through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and included in a prediction model based on Fagan's nomogram to calculate the post-test probability of severe/critical disease. All analyses were conducted using Medcalc (version 19.0, MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Results: One hundred seventy-one patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including 37 severe/critical cases (21.6%) and 134 mild/moderate cases were evaluated. Among all the analyzed variables, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was that with the highest relative importance (p = 0.0001), followed by CT severity score (p = 0.0002), and age (p = 0.0009). The optimal cut-off points for the predictive variables resulted: 3 for CCI [sensitivity 83.8%, specificity 69.6%, positive likelihood ratio (+LR) 2.76], 69.9 for age (sensitivity 94.6%, specificity 68.1, +LR 2.97), and 53 for CT severity score (sensitivity 64.9%, specificity 84.4%, +LR 4.17). Conclusion: The nomogram including CCI, age, and CT severity score, may be used to stratify patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Salaffi
- Rheumatology Clinic, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Jesi, Italy
| | - Marina Carotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Struttura Organizzativa Dipartimentale Radiologia Pediatrica e Specialistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Di Carlo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Jesi, Italy
| | - Luca Ceccarelli
- Unità Operativa di Radiologia – Ospedale degli Infermi, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna, Faenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Divisione di Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “Luigi Sacco, ” Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
- Divisione di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche “Luigi Sacco, ” Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovagnoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche Struttura Organizzativa Dipartimentale Radiologia Pediatrica e Specialistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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