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Zheng Y, Wei W, Wang Y, Li T, Wei Y, Gao S. Gypenosides exert cardioprotective effects by promoting mitophagy and activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β/Mcl-1 signaling. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17538. [PMID: 38912051 PMCID: PMC11193969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, a well-known edible and medicinal plant, has anti-aging properties and is used to treataging-associated conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Gypenosides (GYPs) are the primary constituents of G. pentaphyllum. Increasing evidence indicates that GYPs are effective at preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and preventing heart failure (HF). This study aimed to uncover the cardioprotective mechanisms of GYPs related to mitochondrial regulation. Methods The bioactive components in GYPs and the potential targets in treating HF were obtained and screened using the network pharmacology approach, followed by drug-disease target prediction and enrichment analyses. The pharmacological effects of GYPs in cardioprotection, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial quality control, and underlying mechanisms were further investigated in Doxorubicin (Dox)-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results A total of 88 bioactive compounds of GYPs and their respective 71 drug-disease targets were identified. The hub targets covered MAPK, EGFR, PI3KCA, and Mcl-1. Enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways primarily contained PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and FoxO signalings, as well as calcium regulation, protein phosphorylation, apoptosis, and mitophagy process. In Dox-stimulated H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes, pretreatment with GYPs increased cell viability, enhanced cellular ATP content, restored basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, GYPs improved PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy without influencing mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and the autophagic LC3 levels. Mechanistically, the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, GSK-3β, and the protein level of Mcl-1 was upregulated by GYP treatment. Conclusion Our findings reveal that GYPs exert cardioprotective effects by rescuing the defective mitophagy, and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/Mcl-1 signaling is potentially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
- School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yundong Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Han JM, Oh KY, Choi SJ, Lee WW, Jin BH, Kim JH, Yu HJ, Kim RJY, Yoon HJ, Lee JI, Hong SD, Cho SD. Antitumor activity of afatinib in EGFR T790M-negative human oral cancer therapeutically targets mTOR/Mcl-1 signaling axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00962-6. [PMID: 38888847 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the role and effectiveness of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in oral cancer, focusing on the clinical relevance of EGFR and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in head and neck cancers (HNCs). It aims to explore the molecular mechanism of afatinib, a TKI, in treating human oral cancer. METHODS We conducted an in silico analysis using databases like The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, along with immunohistochemistry staining, to study EGFR and Mcl-1 expression in HNCs. For investigating afatinib's anticancer properties, we performed various in vitro and in vivo analyses, including trypan blue exclusion assay, Western blotting, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, Mitochondrial membrane potential assay, overexpression vector construction, transient transfection, and a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS Higher expression levels of EGFR and Mcl-1 were observed in HNC patient tissues compared to normal tissues, with their co-expression significantly linked to poor prognosis. There was a strong correlation between EGFR and Mcl-1 expressions in oral cancer patients. Afatinib treatment induced apoptosis and suppressed Mcl-1 in oral cancer cell lines without the EGFR T790M mutation. The mechanism of afatinib-induced apoptosis involved the EGFR/mTOR/Mcl-1 axis, as shown by the effects of mTOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor rapamycin. Afatinib also increased Bim expression, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and cytochrome c release. It significantly lowered tumor volume without affecting body, liver, and kidney weights. CONCLUSION Afatinib, targeting the EGFR/mTOR/Mcl-1 axis, shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for oral cancer, especially in patients with high EGFR and Mcl-1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Oh
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, Sampyeong-Dong, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Jin Young Kim
- Department of Dental Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Nwosu GO, Ross DM, Powell JA, Pitson SM. Venetoclax therapy and emerging resistance mechanisms in acute myeloid leukaemia. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:413. [PMID: 38866760 PMCID: PMC11169396 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly aggressive and devastating malignancy of the bone marrow and blood. For decades, intensive chemotherapy has been the frontline treatment for AML but has yielded only poor patient outcomes as exemplified by a 5-year survival rate of < 30%, even in younger adults. As knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of AML has advanced, so too has the development new strategies with potential to improve the treatment of AML patients. To date the most promising of these targeted agents is the BH3-mimetic venetoclax which in combination with standard of care therapies, has manageable non-haematological toxicity and exhibits impressive efficacy. However, approximately 30% of AML patients fail to respond to venetoclax-based regimens and almost all treatment responders eventually relapse. Here, we review the emerging mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired venetoclax resistance in AML and highlight recent efforts to identify novel strategies to overcome resistance to venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus O Nwosu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David M Ross
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason A Powell
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Shen H, Fu L, Cai Y, Zhu K, Chen X. Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) exerts cytotoxic effects on leydig cells via the ER stress/JNK/β-trcp/mcl-1 axis. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114678. [PMID: 38643823 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) is an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and is widely used in various industries. The effects of HFPO-TA on the male reproductive system and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, TM3 mouse Leydig cells were used as the main model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of HFPO-TA in vitro. HFPO-TA inhibited the viability and expression of multiple biomarkers of Leydig cells. HFPO-TA also induced Leydig cell apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Moreover, HFPO-TA induced the ubiquitination and degradation of Mcl-1 in a β-TrCP-dependent manner. Further investigations showed that HFPO-TA treatment led to the upregulation of ROS, which activated the ER stress/JNK/β-TrCP axis in Leydig cells. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the cytotoxic effects of HFPO-TA on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Shen
- Department of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingling Fu
- Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Cai
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Department of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Chiou JT, Chang LS. ONC212 enhances YM155 cytotoxicity by triggering SLC35F2 expression and NOXA-dependent MCL1 degradation in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116242. [PMID: 38679209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Although the anticancer activity of ONC212 has been reported, the precise mechanism underlying its apoptotic effects remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic mechanism of ONC212 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. ONC212 induces apoptosis, MCL1 downregulation, and mitochondrial depolarization in AML U937 cells. Ectopic MCL1 expression alleviates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in ONC212-treated U937 cells. ONC212 triggers AKT phosphorylation, inducing NOX4-dependent ROS production and promoting HuR transcription. HuR-mediated ATF4 mRNA stabilization stimulates NOXA and SLC35F2 expression; ONC212-induced upregulation of NOXA leads to MCL1 degradation. The synergistic effect of ONC212 on YM155 cytotoxicity was dependent on increased SLC35F2 expression. In addition, YM155 feedback facilitated the activation of the ONC212-induced signaling pathway. A similar mechanism explains ONC212- and ONC212/YM155-induced AML HL-60 cell death. The continuous treatment of U937 cells with the benzene metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) generated U937/HQ cells, exhibiting enhanced responsiveness to the cytotoxic effects of ONC212. In U937/HQ cells, ONC212 triggered apoptosis through NOXA-mediated MCL1 downregulation, enhancing YM155 cytotoxicity. Collectively, our data suggested that ONC212 upregulated SLC35F2 expression and triggered NOXA-mediated MCL1 degradation in U937, U937/HQ, and HL-60 cells by activating the AKT/NOX4/HuR/ATF4 pathway. The ONC212-induced signaling pathway showed anti-AML activity and enhanced YM155 cytotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/biosynthesis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- U937 Cells
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
- HL-60 Cells
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Benzyl Compounds
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring
- Sulfonamides
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Cauwelier C, de Ridder I, Bultynck G. Recent advances in canonical versus non-canonical Ca 2+-signaling-related anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 functions and prospects for cancer treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119713. [PMID: 38521468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate is tightly controlled by a continuous balance between cell survival and cell death inducing mechanisms. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-family members, composed of effectors and regulators, not only control apoptosis at the level of the mitochondria but also by impacting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. On the one hand, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by scaffolding and neutralizing proapoptotic Bcl-2-family members via its hydrophobic cleft (region composed of BH-domain 1-3). On the other hand, Bcl-2 suppress pro-apoptotic Ca2+ signals by binding and inhibiting IP3 receptors via its BH4 domain, which is structurally exiled from the hydrophobic cleft by a flexible loop region (FLR). As such, Bcl-2 prevents excessive Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria. Whereas regulation of both pathways requires different functional regions of Bcl-2, both seem to be connected in cancers that overexpress Bcl-2 in a life-promoting dependent manner. Here we discuss the anti-apoptotic canonical and non-canonical role, via calcium signaling, of Bcl-2 in health and cancer and evolving from this the proposed anti-cancer therapies with their shortcomings. We also argue how some cancers, with the major focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are difficult to treat, although theoretically prime marked for Bcl-2-targeting therapeutics. Further work is needed to understand the non-canonical functions of Bcl-2 also at organelles beyond the mitochondria, the interaction partners outside the Bcl-2 family as well as their ability to target or exploit these functions as therapeutic strategies in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cauwelier
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian de Ridder
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Iksen, Witayateeraporn W, Hardianti B, Pongrakhananon V. Comprehensive review of Bcl-2 family proteins in cancer apoptosis: Therapeutic strategies and promising updates of natural bioactive compounds and small molecules. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2249-2275. [PMID: 38415799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has a considerably higher fatality rate than other diseases globally and is one of the most lethal and profoundly disruptive ailments. The increasing incidence of cancer among humans is one of the greatest challenges in the field of healthcare. A significant factor in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is the dysregulation of physiological processes governing cell death, which results in the survival of cancerous cells. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members play important roles in several cancer-related processes. Drug research and development have identified various promising natural compounds that demonstrate potent anticancer effects by specifically targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and their associated signaling pathways. This comprehensive review highlights the substantial roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis, including the intricate signaling pathways governing the activity of these proteins, the impact of reactive oxygen species, and the crucial involvement of proteasome degradation and the stress response. Furthermore, this review discusses advances in the exploration and potential therapeutic applications of natural compounds and small molecules targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and thus provides substantial scientific information and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Senior Medan, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wasita Witayateeraporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Besse Hardianti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Cai Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Yang W, Huang M. TCEB3 initiates ovarian cancer apoptosis by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of MCL-1. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23625. [PMID: 38661028 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400249rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Platinum resistance remains a major contributor to the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) has emerged as a promising target for overcoming drug resistance, but different cancer cells utilize distinct protein degradation pathways to alter MCL-1 level. We systematically investigated E3 ligases to identify novel candidates that mediate platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Transcription Elongation Factor B (TCEB3) has been identified as a novel E3 ligase recognition subunit that targets MCL-1 in the cytoplasm during platinum treatment other than its traditional function of targeting the Pol II in the nuclear compartment. TCEB3 expression is downregulated in platinum-resistant cell lines and this low expression is associated with poor prognosis. The ubiquitination of MCL-1 induced by TCEB3 leads to cell death in ovarian cancer. Moreover, platinum treatment increased the cytoplasm proportion of TCEB3, and the cytoplasm localization of TCEB3 is important for its targeting of MCL-1. This study emphasizes the dual function of TCEB3 in homeostasis maintenance and in cell fate determination under different conditions, and provides a new insight into drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Masha Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
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10
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Du M, Wang M, Liu M, Fu S, Lin Y, Huo Y, Yu J, Yu X, Wang C, Xiao H, Wang L. C/EBPα-p30 confers AML cell susceptibility to the terminal unfolded protein response and resistance to Venetoclax by activating DDIT3 transcription. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:79. [PMID: 38475919 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with biallelic (CEBPAbi) as well as single mutations located in the bZIP region is associated with a favorable prognosis, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we propose that two isoforms of C/EBPα regulate DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) transcription in AML cells corporately, leading to altered susceptibility to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related drugs. METHODS Human AML cell lines and murine myeloid precursor cell line 32Dcl3 cells were infected with recombinant lentiviruses to knock down CEBPA expression or over-express the two isoforms of C/EBPα. Quantitative real-time PCR and western immunoblotting were employed to determine gene expression levels. Cell apoptosis rates were assessed by flow cytometry. CFU assays were utilized to evaluate the differentiation potential of 32Dcl3 cells. Luciferase reporter analysis, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR were used to validate the transcriptional regulatory ability and affinity of each C/EBPα isoform to specific sites at DDIT3 promoter. Finally, an AML xenograft model was generated to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of agents. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between CEBPA expression and DDIT3 levels in AML cells. After knockdown of CEBPA, DDIT3 expression was upregulated, resulting in increased apoptotic rate of AML cells induced by ER stress. Cebpa knockdown in mouse 32Dcl3 cells also led to impaired cell viability due to upregulation of Ddit3, thereby preventing leukemogenesis since their differentiation was blocked. Then we discovered that the two isoforms of C/EBPα regulate DDIT3 transcription in the opposite way. C/EBPα-p30 upregulated DDIT3 transcription when C/EBPα-p42 downregulated it instead. Both isoforms directly bound to the promoter region of DDIT3. However, C/EBPα-p30 has a unique binding site with stronger affinity than C/EBPα-p42. These findings indicated that balance of two isoforms of C/EBPα maintains protein homeostasis and surveil leukemia, and at least partially explained why AML cells with disrupted C/EBPα-p42 and/or overexpressed C/EBPα-p30 exhibit better response to chemotherapy stress. Additionally, we found that a low C/EBPα p42/p30 ratio induces resistance in AML cells to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax since BCL2 is a major target of DDIT3. This resistance can be overcome by combining ER stress inducers, such as tunicamycin and sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AML patients with a low C/EBPα p42/p30 ratio (e.g., CEBPAbi) may not benefit from monotherapy with BCL2 inhibitors. However, this issue can be resolved by combining ER stress inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbao Du
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mowang Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shan Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yankun Huo
- Hematology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Rd., Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Hematology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Rd., Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Limengmeng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of The First Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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McAloney CA, Makkawi R, Budhathoki Y, Cannon MV, Franz EM, Gross AC, Cam M, Vetter TA, Duhen R, Davies AE, Roberts RD. Host-derived growth factors drive ERK phosphorylation and MCL1 expression to promote osteosarcoma cell survival during metastatic lung colonization. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:259-282. [PMID: 37676378 PMCID: PMC10899530 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For patients with osteosarcoma, disease-related mortality most often results from lung metastasis-a phenomenon shared with many solid tumors. While established metastatic lesions behave aggressively, very few of the tumor cells that reach the lung will survive. By identifying mechanisms that facilitate survival of disseminated tumor cells, we can develop therapeutic strategies that prevent and treat metastasis. METHODS We analyzed single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) data from murine metastasis-bearing lungs to interrogate changes in both host and tumor cells during colonization. We used these data to elucidate pathways that become activated in cells that survive dissemination and identify candidate host-derived signals that drive activation. We validated these findings through live cell reporter systems, immunocytochemistry, and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. We then validated the functional relevance of key candidates using pharmacologic inhibition in models of metastatic osteosarcoma. RESULTS Expression patterns suggest that the MAPK pathway is significantly elevated in early and established metastases. MAPK activity correlates with expression of anti-apoptotic genes, especially MCL1. Niche cells produce growth factors that increase ERK phosphorylation and MCL1 expression in tumor cells. Both early and established metastases are vulnerable to MCL1 inhibition, but not MEK inhibition in vivo. Combining MCL1 inhibition with chemotherapy both prevented colonization and eliminated established metastases in murine models of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION Niche-derived growth factors drive MAPK activity and MCL1 expression in osteosarcoma, promoting metastatic colonization. Although later metastases produce less MCL1, they remain dependent on it. MCL1 is a promising target for clinical trials in both human and canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A McAloney
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rawan Makkawi
- Knight Cancer Institute's, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yogesh Budhathoki
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew V Cannon
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily M Franz
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy C Gross
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maren Cam
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tatyana A Vetter
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebekka Duhen
- Knight Cancer Institute's, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- Knight Cancer Institute's, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Ryan D Roberts
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
- The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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Park DG, Jin B, Lee WW, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Choi SJ, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Apoptotic activity of genipin in human oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro by regulating STAT3 signaling. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1319-1329. [PMID: 37792550 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Genipin, a natural compound derived from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, was reported to have activity against various cancer types. In this study, we determined the underlying mechanism for genipin-induced cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The growth-inhibitory effects of genipin in human OSCC cells was examined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and soft agar assays. The effects of genipin on apoptosis were assessed by nuclear morphological changes by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, measurement of the sub-G1 population, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. The underlying mechanism of genipin activity was analyzed by western blot analysis, subcellular fractionation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genipin inhibited the growth of OSCC cells and induced apoptosis, which was mediated by a caspase-dependent pathway. Genipin reduced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) at Tyr705 and its nuclear localization. Furthermore, inhibition of p-STAT3Tyr705 levels following genipin treatment was required for the reduction of survivin and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression, leading to apoptotic cell death. The genipin-mediated reduction in survivin and Mcl-1 expression was caused by transcriptional and/or posttranslational regulatory mechanisms. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanism by which genipin induces apoptotic cell death through the abrogation of nuclear STAT3 phosphorylation and suggest that genipin may represent a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Guk Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA Biocomplex, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won W Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, CHA Biocomplex, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang W, Jiang K, Liu X, Li J, Zhou W, Wang C, Cui J, Liang T. FBXW7 and human tumors: mechanisms of drug resistance and potential therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278056. [PMID: 38027013 PMCID: PMC10680170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug therapy, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy, stands as the foremost therapeutic approach for contemporary human malignancies. However, increasing drug resistance during antineoplastic therapy has become a substantial barrier to favorable outcomes in cancer patients. To enhance the effectiveness of different cancer therapies, an in-depth understanding of the unique mechanisms underlying tumor drug resistance and the subsequent surmounting of antitumor drug resistance is required. Recently, F-box and WD Repeat Domain-containing-7 (FBXW7), a recognized tumor suppressor, has been found to be highly associated with tumor therapy resistance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the underlying mechanisms through which FBXW7 facilitates the development of drug resistance in cancer. Additionally, this review elucidates the role of FBXW7 in therapeutic resistance of various types of human tumors. The strategies and challenges implicated in overcoming tumor therapy resistance by targeting FBXW7 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Clerbaux LA, Cordier P, Desboeufs N, Unger K, Leary P, Semere G, Boege Y, Chan LK, Desdouets C, Lopes M, Weber A. Mcl-1 deficiency in murine livers leads to nuclear polyploidisation and mitotic errors: Implications for hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100838. [PMID: 37663116 PMCID: PMC10472239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic protein overexpressed in many tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a promising target for cancer treatment. Although Mcl-1 non-apoptotic roles might critically influence the therapeutic potential of Mcl-1 inhibitors, these functions remain poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects of hepatic Mcl-1 deficiency (Mcl-1Δhep) on hepatocyte ploidy and cell cycle in murine liver in vivo and the possible implications on HCC. Methods Livers of young Mcl-1Δhep and wild-type (WT) mice were analysed for ploidy profile, mitotic figures, in situ chromosome segregation, gene set enrichment analysis and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy to assess Mcl-1 deficiency effect on cell cycle progression in vivo. Mcl-1Δhep tumours in older mice were analysed for ploidy profile, chromosomal instability, and mutational signatures via whole exome sequencing. Results In young mice, Mcl-1 deficiency leads to nuclear polyploidy and to high rates of mitotic errors with abnormal spindle figures and chromosome mis-segregation along with a prolonged spindle assembly checkpoint activation signature. Chromosomal instability and altered ploidy profile are observed in Mcl-1Δhep tumours of old mice as well as a characteristic mutational signature of currently unknown aetiology. Conclusions Our study suggests novel non-apoptotic effects of Mcl-1 deficiency on nuclear ploidy, mitotic regulation, and chromosomal segregation in hepatocytes in vivo. In addition, the Mcl-1 deficiency characteristic mutational signature might reflect mitotic issues. These results are of importance to consider when developing anti-Mcl-1 therapies to treat cancer. Impact and implications Although Mcl-1 inhibitors represent promising hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, the still poorly understood non-apoptotic roles of Mcl-1 might compromise their successful clinical application. Our study shows that Mcl-1 deficiency leads to nuclear polyploidy, mitotic errors, and aberrant chromosomal segregation in hepatocytes in vivo, whereas hepatocellular tumours spontaneously induced by Mcl-1 deficiency exhibit chromosomal instability and a mutational signature potentially reflecting mitotic issues. These results have potential implications for the development of anti-Mcl-1 therapies to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, especially as hyperproliferative liver is a clinically relevant situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cordier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Paris, France
| | - Nina Desboeufs
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Leary
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Semere
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Boege
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lap Kwan Chan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Genomic Instability, Metabolism, Immunity and Liver Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zürich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Ghosh A, Chakraborty P, Biswas D. Fine tuning of the transcription juggernaut: A sweet and sour saga of acetylation and ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194944. [PMID: 37236503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among post-translational modifications of proteins, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination are most extensively studied over the last several decades. Owing to their different target residues for modifications, cross-talk between phosphorylation with that of acetylation and ubiquitination is relatively less pronounced. However, since canonical acetylation and ubiquitination happen only on the lysine residues, an overlap of the same lysine residue being targeted for both acetylation and ubiquitination happens quite frequently and thus plays key roles in overall functional regulation predominantly through modulation of protein stability. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of acetylation and ubiquitination in the regulation of protein stability for the functional regulation of cellular processes with an emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Further, we emphasize our understanding of the functional regulation of Super Elongation Complex (SEC)-mediated transcription, through regulation of stabilization by acetylation, deacetylation and ubiquitination and associated enzymes and its implication in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Poushali Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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16
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Peris I, Romero-Murillo S, Vicente C, Narla G, Odero MD. Regulation and role of the PP2A-B56 holoenzyme family in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188953. [PMID: 37437699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation is common in cancer, leading to sustained activation of pro-survival and growth-promoting pathways. PP2A consists of a scaffolding A-subunit, a catalytic C-subunit, and a regulatory B-subunit. The functional complexity of PP2A holoenzymes arises mainly through the vast repertoire of regulatory B-subunits, which determine both their substrate specificity and their subcellular localization. Therefore, a major challenge for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer is to identify the specific PP2A complexes to be targeted. Of note, the development of small molecules specifically directed at PP2A-B56α has opened new therapeutic avenues in both solid and hematological tumors. Here, we focus on the B56/PR61 family of PP2A regulatory subunits, which have a central role in directing PP2A tumor suppressor activity. We provide an overview of the mechanisms controlling the formation and regulation of these complexes, the pathways they control, and the mechanisms underlying their deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peris
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Romero-Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vicente
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria D Odero
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Chiou JT, Wu YY, Lee YC, Chang LS. BCL2L1 inhibitor A-1331852 inhibits MCL1 transcription and triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115738. [PMID: 37562509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics exert anticancer activity by inhibiting anti-apoptotic BCL2 proteins. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the off-target effects of these drugs tightly modulates their anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated whether the BCL2L1 inhibitor A-1331852 induced the death of U937 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through a non-BCL2L1-targeted effect. A-1331852-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was characterized by increased ROS production, downregulation of MCL1, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Ectopic expression of MCL1 alleviated A-1331852-induced mitochondrial depolarization and cytotoxicity in U937 cells. A-1331852-induced ROS production increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation and inhibited MCL1 transcription. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation restored MCL1 expression in A-1331852-treated cells. A-1331852 triggered p38 MAPK-mediated Cullin 3 downregulation, which in turn increased PP2Acα expression, thereby reducing CREB phosphorylation. A-1331852 reduced the binding of CREB to the MCL1 promoter, leading to the inhibition of CREB-mediated MCL1 transcription. Furthermore, A-1331852 acted synergistically with the BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199 to induce U937 and ABT-199-resistant U937 cell death by inhibiting MCL1 expression. A similar phenomenon caused A-1331852-induced MCL1 downregulation and cytotoxicity in AML HL-60 cells. Collectively, our data suggest that A-1331852 shows an off-target effect of inhibiting MCL1 transcription, ultimately leading to U937 and HL-60 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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18
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Kuo YH, Lai TC, Chang CH, Hsieh HC, Yang FM, Hu MC. 5,6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through inhibiting of Mcl-1 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12621. [PMID: 37537243 PMCID: PMC10400577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective treatment of breast cancer remains a profound clinical challenge, especially due to drug resistance and metastasis which unfortunately arise in many patients. The transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB), as a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 9, was shown to be effective in inducing apoptosis in various hematopoietic malignancies. However, the anticancer efficacy of DRB against breast cancer is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that administration of DRB to the breast cancer cell line led to the inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of the typical signs of apoptotic cells, including the increases in Annexin V-positive cells, DNA fragmentation, and activation of caspase-7, caspase-9, and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Treatment of DRB resulted in a rapid decline in the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) protein, whereas levels of other antiapoptotic proteins did not change. Overexpression of Mcl-1 decreased the DRB-induced PARP cleavage, whereas knockdown of Mcl-1 enhanced the effects of DRB on PARP activation, indicating that loss of Mcl-1 accounts for the DRB-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, but not in T-47D. Furthermore, we found that co-treatment of MCF-7 cells with an inhibitor of AKT (LY294002) or an inhibitor of the proteasome (MG-132) significantly augmented the DRB-induced apoptosis. These data suggested that DRB in combination with LY294002 or MG-132 may have a greater therapeutic potency against breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ming Yang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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19
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Weidenauer K, Schmidt C, Rohde C, Pauli C, Blank MF, Heid D, Waclawiczek A, Corbacioglu A, Göllner S, Lotze M, Vierbaum L, Renders S, Krijgsveld J, Raffel S, Sauer T, Trumpp A, Pabst C, Müller-Tidow C, Janssen M. The ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 (RPS6KA1) induces resistance to venetoclax/azacitidine in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:1611-1625. [PMID: 37414921 PMCID: PMC10400424 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Venetoclax/azacitidine combination therapy is effective in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and tolerable for older, multimorbid patients. Despite promising response rates, many patients do not achieve sustained remission or are upfront refractory. Identification of resistance mechanisms and additional therapeutic targets represent unmet clinical needs. By using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen targeting 18,053 protein- coding genes in a human AML cell line, various genes conferring resistance to combined venetoclax/azacitidine treatment were identified. The ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1) was among the most significantly depleted sgRNA-genes in venetoclax/azacitidine- treated AML cells. Addition of the RPS6KA1 inhibitor BI-D1870 to venetoclax/azacitidine decreased proliferation and colony forming potential compared to venetoclax/azacitidine alone. Furthermore, BI-D1870 was able to completely restore the sensitivity of OCI-AML2 cells with acquired resistance to venetoclax/azacitidine. Analysis of cell surface markers revealed that RPS6KA1 inhibition efficiently targeted monocytic blast subclones as a potential source of relapse upon venetoclax/azacitidine treatment. Taken together, our results suggest RPS6KA1 as mediator of resistance towards venetoclax/azacitidine and additional RPS6KA1 inhibition as strategy to prevent or overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weidenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rohde
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Pauli
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Mechanisms Regulating Gene Expression, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Blank
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heid
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Waclawiczek
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anika Corbacioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Göllner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Lotze
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Vierbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Sauer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Pabst
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Catalano G, Zaza A, Banella C, Pelosi E, Castelli G, de Marinis E, Smigliani A, Travaglini S, Ottone T, Divona M, Del Principe MI, Buccisano F, Maurillo L, Ammatuna E, Testa U, Nervi C, Venditti A, Voso MT, Noguera NI. MCL1 regulates AML cells metabolism via direct interaction with HK2. Metabolic signature at onset predicts overall survival in AMLs' patients. Leukemia 2023; 37:1600-1610. [PMID: 37349598 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the metabolic background in distinct Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AMLs), by comparing the metabolism of primary AML blasts isolated at diagnosis with that of normal hematopoietic maturing progenitors, using the Seahorse XF Agilent. Leukemic cells feature lower spare respiratory (SRC) and glycolytic capacities as compared to hematopoietic precursors (i.e. day 7, promyelocytes). According with Proton Leak (PL) values, AML blasts can be grouped in two well defined populations. The AML group with blasts presenting high PL or high basal OXPHOS plus high SRC levels had shorter overall survival time and significantly overexpressed myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein. We demonstrate that MCL1 directly binds to Hexokinase 2 (HK2) on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Overall, these results suggest that high PL and high SRC plus high basal OXPHOS levels at disease onset, arguably with the concourse of MCL1/HK2 action, are significantly linked with shorter overall survival time in AML. Our data describe a new function for MCL1 protein in AMLs' cells: by forming a complex with HK2, MCL1 co-localizes to VDAC on the OMM, thus inducing glycolysis and OXPHOS, ultimately conferring metabolic plasticity and promoting resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Catalano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zaza
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Banella
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ariela Smigliani
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariadomenica Divona
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Buccisano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maurillo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Hematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nelida Ines Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation, I.R.C.C.S. Via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Wawszczyk J, Wolan R, Smolik S, Kapral M. In vitro and in silico study on the effect of carvedilol and sorafenib alone and in combination on the growth and inflammatory response of melanoma cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1306-1316. [PMID: 37323921 PMCID: PMC10265481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer. Increasing evidence has shown the role of β-adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Carvedilol is a widely used non-selective β-AR antagonist with potential anticancer activity. The purpose of the study was to estimate the influence of carvedilol and sorafenib alone and in combination on the growth and inflammatory response of C32 and A2058 melanoma cells. Furthermore, this study also aimed to predict the probable interaction of carvedilol and sorafenib when administered together. Predictive study of the interaction of carvedilol and sorafenib was performed using the ChemDIS-Mixture system. Carvedilol and sorafenib alone and in combination showed a growth inhibitory effect on cells. The greatest synergistic antiproliferative effect on both cell lines was observed at Car 5 μM combined with Sor 5 μM. Analysis in silico identified diseases, proteins, and metabolic pathways that can be affected by the interaction of carvedilol and sorafenib. The results obtained demonstrated that carvedilol and sorafenib modulated the secretion of IL-8 by IL-1β-stimulated by melanoma cell lines but the use of a combination of both drugs did not intensify the effect. In summary, the results presented indicate that the combination of carvedilol and sorafenib may have a promising anticancer effect on melanoma cells.
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22
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Tantawy SI, Timofeeva N, Hernandez A, Sarkar A, Gandhi V. Decoding the mechanism behind MCL-1 inhibitors: A pathway to understanding MCL-1 protein stability. Oncotarget 2023; 14:653-655. [PMID: 37343064 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
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23
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Meng D, Zhao X, Yang YC, Navickas A, Helland C, Goodarzi H, Singh M, Bandyopadhyay S. A bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibitor overcomes drug resistance in breast cancer. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02737-z. [PMID: 37264081 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway is central to breast cancer pathogenesis including resistance to many targeted therapies. The mTOR kinase forms two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and understanding which is required for the survival of malignant cells has been limited by tools to selectively and completely impair either subcomplex. To address this, we used RMC-6272, a bi-steric molecule with a rapamycin-like moiety linked to an mTOR active-site inhibitor that displays >25-fold selectivity for mTORC1 over mTORC2 substrates. Complete suppression of mTORC1 by RMC-6272 causes apoptosis in ER+/HER2- breast cancer cell lines, particularly in those that harbor mutations in PIK3CA or PTEN, due to inhibition of the rapamycin resistant, mTORC1 substrate 4EBP1 and reduction of the pro-survival protein MCL1. RMC-6272 reduced translation of ribosomal mRNAs, MYC target genes, and components of the CDK4/6 pathway, suggesting enhanced impairment of oncogenic pathways compared to the partial mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus. RMC-6272 maintained efficacy in hormone therapy-resistant acquired cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX), showed increased efficacy in CDK4/6 inhibitor treated acquired resistant cell lines versus their parental counterparts, and was efficacious in a PDX from a patient experiencing resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. Bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibition may be effective in overcoming multiple forms of therapy-resistance in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Albertas Navickas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, INSERM U1278, Orsay, France
| | - Ciara Helland
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Sourav Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Leto SM, Ferri M, Sassi F, Zanella ER, Cottino F, Vurchio V, Catalano I, Ferrero A, Zingaretti CC, Marchiò C, Grassi E, Trusolino L, Bertotti A. Synthetic Lethal Interaction with BCL-XL Blockade Deepens Response to Cetuximab in Patient-Derived Models of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1102-1113. [PMID: 36622698 PMCID: PMC10011886 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 20% of patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) experience objective responses to the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, but disease eradication is seldom achieved. The extent of tumor shrinkage correlates with long-term outcome. We aimed to find rational combinations that potentiate cetuximab efficacy by disrupting adaptive dependencies on antiapoptotic molecules (BCL2, BCL-XL, MCL1). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Experiments were conducted in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDXO). Apoptotic priming was analyzed by BH3 profiling. Proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein complexes were evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation and electroluminescence sandwich assays. The effect of combination therapies was assessed by caspase activation in PDXOs and by monitoring PDX growth. RESULTS A population trial in 314 PDX cohorts, established from as many patients, identified 46 models (14.6%) with appreciable (>50% tumor shrinkage) but incomplete response to cetuximab. From these models, 14 PDXOs were derived. Cetuximab primed cells for apoptosis, but only concomitant blockade of BCL-XL precipitated cell death. Mechanistically, exposure to cetuximab induced upregulation of the proapoptotic protein BIM and its sequestration by BCL-XL. Inhibition of BCL-XL resulted in displacement of BIM, which was not buffered by MCL1 and thereby became competent to induce apoptosis. In five PDX models, combination of cetuximab and a selective BCL-XL inhibitor triggered apoptosis and led to more pronounced tumor regressions and longer time to relapse after treatment discontinuation than cetuximab alone. CONCLUSIONS In mCRC tumors that respond to cetuximab, antibody treatment confers a synthetic-lethal dependency on BCL-XL. Targeting this dependency unleashes apoptosis and increases the depth of response to cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Ferri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Sassi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Vurchio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Catalano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Grassi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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25
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Peng Z, Gillissen B, Richter A, Sinnberg T, Schlaak MS, Eberle J. Enhanced Apoptosis and Loss of Cell Viability in Melanoma Cells by Combined Inhibition of ERK and Mcl-1 Is Related to Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Caspase Activation and Upregulation of Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054961. [PMID: 36902392 PMCID: PMC10002974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of MAP kinase pathways by BRAF inhibitors has evolved as a key therapy for BRAF-mutated melanoma. However, it cannot be applied for BRAF-WT melanoma, and also, in BRAF-mutated melanoma, tumor relapse often follows after an initial phase of tumor regression. Inhibition of MAP kinase pathways downstream at ERK1/2, or inhibitors of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, such as Mcl-1, may serve as alternative strategies. As shown here, the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and the ERK inhibitor SCH772984 showed only limited efficacy in melanoma cell lines, when applied alone. However, in combination with the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845, the effects of vemurafenib were strongly enhanced in BRAF-mutated cell lines, and the effects of SCH772984 were enhanced in both BRAF-mutated and BRAF-WT cells. This resulted in up to 90% loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, as well as in induction of apoptosis in up to 60% of cells. The combination of SCH772984/S63845 resulted in caspase activation, processing of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), phosphorylation of histone H2AX, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release. Proving the critical role of caspases, a pan-caspase inhibitor suppressed apoptosis induction, as well as loss of cell viability. As concerning Bcl-2 family proteins, SCH772984 enhanced expression of the proapoptotic Bim and Puma, as well as decreased phosphorylation of Bad. The combination finally resulted in downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and enhanced expression of the proapoptotic Noxa. In conclusion, combined inhibition of ERK and Mcl-1 revealed an impressive efficacy both in BRAF-mutated and WT melanoma cells, and may thus represent a new strategy for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bernhard Gillissen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Richter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Max S. Schlaak
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eberle
- Skin Cancer Centre Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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26
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Lasater EA, Amin DN, Bannerji R, Mali RS, Barrett K, Rys RN, Oeh J, Lin E, Sterne-Weiler T, Ingalla ER, Go M, Yu SF, Krem MM, Arthur C, Hahn U, Johnston A, Karur V, Khan N, Marlton P, Phillips T, Gritti G, Seymour JF, Tani M, Yuen S, Martin S, Chang MT, Rose CM, Pham VC, Polson AG, Chang Y, Wever C, Johnson NA, Jiang Y, Hirata J, Sampath D, Musick L, Flowers CR, Wertz IE. Targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 with polatuzumab vedotin and venetoclax overcomes treatment resistance in R/R non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from preclinical models and a Phase Ib study. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:449-463. [PMID: 36594167 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid neoplasms represents a significant clinical challenge. Here, we identify the pro-survival BCL-2 protein family member MCL-1 as a resistance factor for the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines and primary NHL samples. Mechanistically, we show that the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin promotes MCL-1 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. This targeted MCL-1 antagonism, when combined with venetoclax and the anti-CD20 antibodies obinutuzumab or rituximab, results in tumor regressions in preclinical NHL models, which are sustained even off-treatment. In a Phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02611323) of heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, 25/33 (76%) patients with follicular lymphoma and 5/17 (29%) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma achieved complete or partial responses with an acceptable safety profile when treated with the recommended Phase II dose of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with venetoclax and an anti-CD20 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Lasater
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dhara N Amin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajat Bannerji
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathy Barrett
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan N Rys
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Oeh
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tim Sterne-Weiler
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ellen Rei Ingalla
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maxwell M Krem
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chris Arthur
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uwe Hahn
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Johnston
- Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vinit Karur
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nadia Khan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paula Marlton
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tycel Phillips
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - John F Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Tani
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sam Yuen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - YiMeng Chang
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Wever
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamie Hirata
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Musick
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Liu B, Chen R, Zhang Y, Huang J, Luo Y, Rosthøj S, Zhao C, Jäättelä M. Cationic amphiphilic antihistamines inhibit STAT3 via Ca 2+-dependent lysosomal H + efflux. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112137. [PMID: 36807142 PMCID: PMC9989825 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly used antihistamines and other cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) are emerging as putative cancer drugs. Their unique chemical structure enables CADs to accumulate rapidly inside lysosomes, where they increase lysosomal pH, alter lysosomal lipid metabolism, and eventually cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Here, we show that CAD-induced rapid elevation in lysosomal pH is caused by a lysosomal H+ efflux that requires P2RX4-mediated lysosomal Ca2+ release and precedes the lysosomal membrane permeabilization. The subsequent cytosolic acidification triggers the dephosphorylation, lysosomal translocation, and inactivation of the oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor. Moreover, CAD-induced lysosomal H+ efflux sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis induced by STAT3 inhibition and acts synergistically with STAT3 inhibition in restricting the tumor growth of A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma xenografts. These findings identify lysosomal H+ efflux and STAT3 inhibition as anticancer mechanisms of CADs and reinforce the repurposing of safe and inexpensive CADs as cancer drugs with a drug combination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ran Chen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yidan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jinrong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yonglun Luo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne Rosthøj
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Al-Amer OM, Mir R, Hamadi A, Alasseiri MI, Altayar MA, AlZamzami W, Moawadh M, Alatawi S, Niaz HA, Oyouni AAA, Alzahrani OR, Alatwi HE, Albalawi AE, Alsharif KF, Albrakati A, Hawsawi YM. Antiapoptotic Gene Genotype and Allele Variations and the Risk of Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041012. [PMID: 36831357 PMCID: PMC9954290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The findings of earlier investigations of antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants on lymphoma risk are ambiguous. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the mutation in the antiapoptotic genes and lymphoma risk among Saudi patients. METHODS This case-control study included 205 patients, 100 of whom had lymphoma (cases) and 105 who were healthy volunteers (controls). We used tetra amplification refractory mutation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify antiapoptotic genes such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2-938 C > A), MCL1-rs9803935 T > G, and survivin (BIRC5-rs17882312 G > C and BIRC5-rs9904341 G > C). Allelic-specific PCR was used to identify alleles such as BIRC5-C, MCL1-G, and BIRC5-G. RESULTS The dominant inheritance model among cases showed that mutations in all four antiapoptotic genes were more likely to be associated with the risk of lymphoma by the odds of 2.0-, 1.98-, 3.90-, and 3.29-fold, respectively, compared to controls. Apart from the BCL-2-A allele, all three specified alleles were more likely to be associated with lymphoma by the odds of 2.04-, 1.65-, and 2.11-fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Unlike healthy individuals, lymphoma patients are more likely to have antiapoptotic gene genotypes and allele variants, apart from BCL-2-A alterations. In the future, these findings could be used to classify and identify patients at risk of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I. Alasseiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik A. Altayar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem AlZamzami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh Moawadh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sael Alatawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Niaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman R. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E. Alatwi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah E. Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC-J04, P.O. Box 40047, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Zhao T, He Q, Xie S, Zhan H, Jiang C, Lin S, Liu F, Wang C, Chen G, Zeng H. A novel Mcl-1 inhibitor synergizes with venetoclax to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Mol Med 2023; 29:10. [PMID: 36658493 PMCID: PMC9854187 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evading apoptosis by overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins is a hallmark of cancer cells and the Bcl-2 selective inhibitor venetoclax is widely used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Mcl-1, another anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is recognized as the primary cause of resistance to venetoclax treatment. However, there is currently no Mcl-1 inhibitor approved for clinical use. METHODS Paired parental and Mcl-1 knockout H1299 cells were used to screen and identify a small molecule named MI-238. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and flow cytometry assay were performed to analyze the activation of pro-apoptotic protein Bak. Annexin V staining and western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 were employed to measure the cell apoptosis. Mouse xenograft AML model using luciferase-expressing Molm13 cells was employed to evaluate in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed AML patients were collected to evaluate the therapeutic potency. RESULTS Here, we show that MI-238, a novel and specific Mcl-1 inhibitor, can disrupt the association of Mcl-1 with BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins, selectively leading to apoptosis in Mcl-1 proficient cells. Moreover, MI-238 treatment also potently induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Notably, the combined treatment of MI-238 with venetoclax exhibited strong synergistic anti-cancer effects in AML cells in vitro, MOLM-13 xenografts mouse model and AML patient samples. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a novel and selective Mcl-1 inhibitor MI-238 and demonstrated that the development of MI-238 provides a novel strategy to improve the outcome of venetoclax therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Qiang He
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Shurong Xie
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Huien Zhan
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Shengbin Lin
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Fangshu Liu
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
| | - Cong Wang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Guo Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Hui Zeng
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630 China
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30
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Aksoy O, Lind J, Sunder-Plaßmann V, Vallet S, Podar K. Bone marrow microenvironment- induced regulation of Bcl-2 family members in multiple myeloma (MM): Therapeutic implications. Cytokine 2023; 161:156062. [PMID: 36332463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Multiple Myeloma (MM) the finely tuned homeostasis of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is disrupted. Evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis) represents a hallmark of cancer. Besides genetic aberrations, the supportive and protective MM BM milieu, which is constituted by cytokines and growth factors, intercellular and cell: extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and exosomes, in particular, plays a key role in the abundance of pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family (i.e., Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL) in tumor cells. Moreover, microenvironmental cues have also an impact on stability- regulating post-translational modifications of anti-apoptotic proteins including de/phosphorylation, polyubiquitination; on their intracellular binding affinities, and localization. Advances of our molecular knowledge on the escape of cancer cells from apoptosis have informed the development of a new class of small molecules that mimic the action of BH3-only proteins. Indeed, approaches to directly target anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members are among today's most promising therapeutic strategies and BH3-mimetics (i.e., venetoclax) are currently revolutionizing not only the treatment of CLL and AML, but also hold great therapeutic promise in MM. Furthermore, approaches that activate apoptotic pathways indirectly via modification of the tumor microenvironment have already entered clinical practice. The present review article will summarize our up-to-date knowledge on molecular mechanisms by which the MM BM microenvironment, cytokines, and growth factors in particular, mediates tumor cell evasion from apoptosis. Moreover, it will discuss some of the most promising science- derived therapeutic strategies to overcome Bcl-2- mediated tumor cell survival in order to further improve MM patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Judith Lind
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Vincent Sunder-Plaßmann
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Klaus Podar
- Molecular Oncology and Hematology Unit, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Krems, Mitterweg 10, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.
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31
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Shi K, Lu H, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Wu J, Zhou S, Ma P, Ye K, Zhang S, Shi H, Shi W, Cai MC, Zhao X, Yu Z, Tang J, Zhuang G. Transient targeting of BIM-dependent adaptive MCL1 preservation enhances tumor response to molecular therapeutics in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:195-207. [PMID: 36171331 PMCID: PMC9883455 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable efficacy, targeted treatments often yield a subpopulation of residual tumor cells in part due to non-genetic adaptions. Previous mechanistic understanding on the emergence of these drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs) has been limited to epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming. Here, by comprehensively interrogating therapy-induced early dynamic protein changes in diverse oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer models, we identified adaptive MCL1 increase as a new and universal mechanism to confer apoptotic evasion and DTP formation. In detail, acute MAPK signaling disruption in the presence of genotype-based tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) prompted mitochondrial accumulation of pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein BIM, which sequestered MCL1 away from MULE-mediated degradation. A small-molecule combination screen uncovered that PI3K-mTOR pathway blockade prohibited MCL1 upregulation. Biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence indicated that mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) bound and phosphorylated MCL1, facilitating its interaction with BIM. As a result, short-term polytherapy combining antineoplastic TKIs with PI3K, mTOR or MCL1 inhibitors sufficed to prevent DTP development and promote cancer eradication. Collectively, these findings support that upfront and transient targeting of BIM-dependent, mTORC2-regulated adaptive MCL1 preservation holds enormous promise to improve the therapeutic index of molecular targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiao Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailei Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiping Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guanglei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Li M, Gao F, Li X, Gan Y, Han S, Yu X, Liu H, Li W. Stabilization of MCL-1 by E3 ligase TRAF4 confers radioresistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1053. [PMID: 36535926 PMCID: PMC9763423 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ligase TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is frequently overexpressed and closely related to poor prognosis in human malignancies. However, its effect on carcinogenesis and radiosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The present study found that TRAF4 was significantly upregulated in primary and relapsed OSCC tumor tissues. Depletion of TRAF4 markedly improved the sensitivity of OSCC cells to irradiation (IR) treatment, showing that tumor cell proliferation, colony formation and xenograft tumor growth were reduced. Mechanistically, IR promoted the interaction between TRAF4 and Akt to induce Akt K63-mediated ubiquitination and activation. TRAF4 knockout inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and upregulated GSK3β activity, resulting in increased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) S159 phosphorylation, which disrupted the interaction of MCL-1 with Josephin domain containing 1 (JOSD1), and ultimately induced MCL-1 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, TRAF4 was positively correlated with MCL-1 in primary and in radiotherapy-treated, relapsed tumor tissues. An MCL-1 inhibitor overcame radioresistance in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, the present findings suggest that TRAF4 confers radioresistance in OSCC by stabilizing MCL-1 through Akt signaling, and that targeting TRAF4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome radioresistance in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- grid.431010.7Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China ,Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208 People’s Republic of China ,grid.431010.7Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- grid.431010.7Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China ,grid.431010.7Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- grid.431010.7Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- grid.431010.7Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangze Han
- grid.431010.7Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- grid.431010.7Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Haidan Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China ,grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.431010.7Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China ,grid.431010.7Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 People’s Republic of China
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33
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Janssen M, Schmidt C, Bruch PM, Blank MF, Rohde C, Waclawiczek A, Heid D, Renders S, Göllner S, Vierbaum L, Besenbeck B, Herbst SA, Knoll M, Kolb C, Przybylla A, Weidenauer K, Ludwig AK, Fabre M, Gu M, Schlenk RF, Stölzel F, Bornhäuser M, Röllig C, Platzbecker U, Baldus C, Serve H, Sauer T, Raffel S, Pabst C, Vassiliou G, Vick B, Jeremias I, Trumpp A, Krijgsveld J, Müller-Tidow C, Dietrich S. Venetoclax synergizes with gilteritinib in FLT3 wild-type high-risk acute myeloid leukemia by suppressing MCL-1. Blood 2022; 140:2594-2610. [PMID: 35857899 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 inhibition has been shown to be effective in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine. However, resistance and relapse represent major clinical challenges. Therefore, there is an unmet need to overcome resistance to current venetoclax-based strategies. We performed high-throughput drug screening to identify effective combination partners for venetoclax in AML. Overall, 64 antileukemic drugs were screened in 31 primary high-risk AML samples with or without venetoclax. Gilteritinib exhibited the highest synergy with venetoclax in FLT3 wild-type AML. The combination of gilteritinib and venetoclax increased apoptosis, reduced viability, and was active in venetoclax-azacitidine-resistant cell lines and primary patient samples. Proteomics revealed increased FLT3 wild-type signaling in specimens with low in vitro response to the currently used venetoclax-azacitidine combination. Mechanistically, venetoclax with gilteritinib decreased phosphorylation of ERK and GSK3B via combined AXL and FLT3 inhibition with subsequent suppression of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1. MCL-1 downregulation was associated with increased MCL-1 phosphorylation of serine 159, decreased phosphorylation of threonine 161, and proteasomal degradation. Gilteritinib and venetoclax were active in an FLT3 wild-type AML patient-derived xenograft model with TP53 mutation and reduced leukemic burden in 4 patients with FLT3 wild-type AML receiving venetoclax-gilteritinib off label after developing refractory disease under venetoclax-azacitidine. In summary, our results suggest that combined inhibition of FLT3/AXL potentiates venetoclax response in FLT3 wild-type AML by inducing MCL-1 degradation. Therefore, the venetoclax-gilteritinib combination merits testing as a potentially active regimen in patients with high-risk FLT3 wild-type AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Blank
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rohde
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Waclawiczek
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heid
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Göllner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Vierbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Besenbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie A Herbst
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Knoll
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Kolb
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Weidenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kathrin Ludwig
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margarete Fabre
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Muxin Gu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Baldus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tim Sauer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Pabst
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Binje Vick
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Regulatory Role of the RUNX2 Transcription Factor in Lung Cancer Apoptosis. Int J Cell Biol 2022; 2022:5198203. [PMID: 36510562 PMCID: PMC9741537 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5198203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally. Numerous factors intervene in the onset and progression of lung tumors, among which the participation of lineage-specific transcription factors stands out. Several transcription factors important in embryonic development are abnormally expressed in adult tissues and thus participate in the activation of signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the tumor phenotype. RUNX2 is the transcription factor responsible for osteogenic differentiation in mammals. Current studies have confirmed that RUNX2 is closely related to the proliferation, invasion, and bone metastasis of multiple cancer types, such as osteosarcoma, breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the role of the RUNX2 transcription factor in inhibiting the apoptosis process. Loss-of-function assays using sh-RNA from lentiviral particles and coupled with Annexin/propidium iodide (PI) assays (flow cytometry), immunofluorescence, and quantitative PCR analysis of genes related to cell apoptosis (BAD, BAX, BCL2, BCL-XL, and MCL1) were performed. Silencing assays and Annexin/PI assays demonstrated that when RUNX2 was absent, the percentage of dead cells increased, and the expression levels of the BCL2, BCL-XL, and MCL1 genes were downregulated. Furthermore, to confirm whether the regulatory role of RUNX2 in the expression of these genes is related to its binding to the promoter region, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Here, we report that overexpression of the RUNX2 gene in lung cancer may be related to the inhibition of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, specifically, through direct transcriptional regulation of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 and indirect regulation of BCL-XL and MCL1.
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Snedden M, Singh L, Kyathanahalli C, Hirsch E. Toxic effects of trace phenol/guanidine isothiocyanate (P/GI) on cells cultured nearby in covered 96-well plates. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 36434619 PMCID: PMC9700959 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mixture of phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate ("P/GI", the principal components of TRIzol™ and similar products) is routinely used to isolate RNA, DNA, and proteins from a single specimen. In time-course experiments of cells grown in tissue culture, replicate wells are often harvested sequentially and compared, with the assumption that in-well lysis and complete aspiration of P/GI has no effect on continuing cultures in nearby wells. METHODS To test this assumption, we investigated morphology and function of RAW 264.7 cells (an immortalized mouse macrophage cell line) cultured in covered 96-well plates for 4, 8, or 24 h at varying distances from a single control well or a well into which P/GI had been deposited and immediately aspirated completely. RESULTS Time- and distance-dependent disruptions resulting from proximity to a single well containing trace residual P/GI were seen in cell morphology (blebbing, cytoplasmic disruption, and accumulation of intracellular vesicles), cell function (pH of culture medium), and expression of genes related to inflammation (Tnfα) and autophagy (Lc3b). There was no transcriptional change in the anti-apoptotic gene Mcl1, nor the pro-apoptotic gene Hrk, nor in P/GI-unexposed control cultures. LPS-stimulated cells incubated near P/GI had lower expression of the cytokine Il6. These effects were seen as early as 4 h of exposure and at a distance of up to 3 well units from the P/GI-exposed well. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to trace residual quantities of P/GI in covered tissue culture plates leads to substantial disruption of cell morphology and function in as little as 4 h, possibly through induction of autophagy but not apoptosis. This phenomenon should be considered when planning time-course experiments in multi-well covered tissue culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Snedden
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Lavisha Singh
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- grid.240372.00000 0004 0400 4439Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Suite 1538, Evanston, IL 60201 USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Thijssen R, Tian L, Anderson MA, Flensburg C, Jarratt A, Garnham AL, Jabbari JS, Peng H, Lew TE, Teh CE, Gouil Q, Georgiou A, Tan T, Djajawi TM, Tam CS, Seymour JF, Blombery P, Gray DH, Majewski IJ, Ritchie ME, Roberts AW, Huang DC. Single-cell multiomics reveal the scale of multilayered adaptations enabling CLL relapse during venetoclax therapy. Blood 2022; 140:2127-2141. [PMID: 35709339 PMCID: PMC10653037 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax (VEN) inhibits the prosurvival protein BCL2 to induce apoptosis and is a standard therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), delivering high complete remission rates and prolonged progression-free survival in relapsed CLL but with eventual loss of efficacy. A spectrum of subclonal genetic changes associated with VEN resistance has now been described. To fully understand clinical resistance to VEN, we combined single-cell short- and long-read RNA-sequencing to reveal the previously unappreciated scale of genetic and epigenetic changes underpinning acquired VEN resistance. These appear to be multilayered. One layer comprises changes in the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators, especially the prosurvival family members. This includes previously described mutations in BCL2 and amplification of the MCL1 gene but is heterogeneous across and within individual patient leukemias. Changes in the proapoptotic genes are notably uncommon, except for single cases with subclonal losses of BAX or NOXA. Much more prominent was universal MCL1 gene upregulation. This was driven by an overlying layer of emergent NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation, which persisted in circulating cells during VEN therapy. We discovered that MCL1 could be a direct transcriptional target of NF-κB. Both the switch to alternative prosurvival factors and NF-κB activation largely dissipate following VEN discontinuation. Our studies reveal the extent of plasticity of CLL cells in their ability to evade VEN-induced apoptosis. Importantly, these findings pinpoint new approaches to circumvent VEN resistance and provide a specific biological justification for the strategy of VEN discontinuation once a maximal response is achieved rather than maintaining long-term selective pressure with the drug.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- NF-kappa B
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Recurrence
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thijssen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Anderson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christoffer Flensburg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Jarratt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jafar S. Jabbari
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hongke Peng
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas E. Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charis E. Teh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Georgiou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tania Tan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tirta M. Djajawi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Constantine S. Tam
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F. Seymour
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Piers Blombery
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel H.D. Gray
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian J. Majewski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew W. Roberts
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David C.S. Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Hornick EL, Stunz LL, Sabree S, Wu X, Witzig TE, Bishop GA. The Tumor Suppressor Protein TRAF3 Modulates GSK3 Activity and Susceptibility of B Lymphoma Cells to GSK3 Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205029. [PMID: 36291813 PMCID: PMC9599470 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is an adapter protein that inhibits many signals that promote B cell survival and activation. Mice with a B cell-specific TRAF3 deficiency and humans with a rare haploinsufficiency in TRAF3 have enhanced development of BCLs as they age. Loss-of-function mutations in TRAF3 are common in B cell malignancies. Recent studies show that pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which regulates cellular growth, survival, and metabolism, inhibits growth and survival of BCL-derived B cells. In this study, we found that TRAF3 and GSK3 associated in B cells. The relative levels of TRAF3 in BCL cell lines correlated positively with the ratio of inactive to total GSK3β, and negatively correlated with susceptibility to GSK3 inhibition by the GSK3 inhibitory drug 9-ING-41, currently in clinical trials. Uniquely in BCLs with low TRAF3, GSK3 inhibition caused increased loss of the TRAF3-regulated, anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. GSK3 inhibition also blocked hyperresponsiveness to IL-6 receptor signaling in TRAF3-deficient BCL cells. Together, these results support the utility of 9-ING-41 as a treatment for BCL, and suggest that a decrease or loss of TRAF3 in BCLs could act as a biomarker for increased susceptibility to GSK3 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Hornick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura L. Stunz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Shakoora Sabree
- Graduate Program in Immunology and MSTP Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xiaosheng Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas E. Witzig
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gail A. Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and MSTP Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
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38
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Koo BK, Choi EJ, Hur EH, Moon JH, Kim JY, Park HS, Choi Y, Lee JH, Lee KH, Choi EK, Kim J, Lee JH. Antileukemic activity of YPN-005, a CDK7 inhibitor, inducing apoptosis through c-MYC and FLT3 suppression in acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11004. [PMID: 36276757 PMCID: PMC9579003 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with a high rate of relapse associated with adverse survival outcomes, especially in elderly patients. An aberrant expression of cyclin dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is associated with poor outcomes and CDK7 inhibition has showed antitumor activities in various cancers. We investigated the efficacy of YPN-005, a CDK7 inhibitor in AML cell lines, xenograft mouse model, and primary AML cells. YPN-005 effectively inhibited the proliferation of AML cells by inducing apoptosis and reducing phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. The c-MYC expression decreased with treatment of YPN-005, and the effect of YPN-005 was negatively correlated with c-MYC expression. YPN-005 also showed antileukemic activities in primary AML cells, especially those harboring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation and in in vivo mouse model. Phosphorylated FLT3/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was decreased and FLT3/STAT5 was downregulated with YPN-005 treatment. Our data suggest that YPN-005 has a role in treating AML by suppressing c-MYC and FLT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Kwan Koo
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author.
| | - Eun-Hye Hur
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Corresponding author.
| | - Ju Hyun Moon
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Seung Park
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Asan Preclinical Evaluation Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- R&D Institute, Yungjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, South Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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39
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Sancho M, Leiva D, Lucendo E, Orzáez M. Understanding MCL1: from cellular function and regulation to pharmacological inhibition. FEBS J 2022; 289:6209-6234. [PMID: 34310025 PMCID: PMC9787394 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1), an antiapoptotic member of the BCL2 family characterized by a short half-life, functions as a rapid sensor that regulates cell death and other relevant processes that include cell cycle progression and mitochondrial homeostasis. In cancer, MCL1 overexpression contributes to cell survival and resistance to diverse chemotherapeutic agents; for this reason, several MCL1 inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical development for cancer treatment. However, the nonapoptotic functions of MCL1 may influence their therapeutic potential. Overall, the complexity of MCL1 regulation and function represent challenges to the clinical application of MCL1 inhibitors. We now summarize the current knowledge regarding MCL1 structure, regulation, and function that could impact the clinical success of MCL1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sancho
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation LaboratoryCentro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain
| | - Diego Leiva
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation LaboratoryCentro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain
| | - Estefanía Lucendo
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation LaboratoryCentro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation LaboratoryCentro de Investigación Príncipe FelipeValenciaSpain
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40
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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41
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Kim G, Jang SK, Kim YJ, Jin HO, Bae S, Hong J, Park IC, Lee JH. Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Resensitizes Paclitaxel Resistance in SKOV3-TR Ovarian Cancer Cell via mTORC1/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158761. [PMID: 35955892 PMCID: PMC9369036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a carcinoma that affects women and that has a high mortality rate. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance is important for clinical application. However, the effect of amino acid metabolism regulation on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, the effect of an amino acid-deprived condition on paclitaxel resistance in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR cells was analyzed. We analyzed the cell viability of SKOV3-TR in culture conditions in which each of the 20 amino acids were deprived. As a result, the cell viability of the SKOV3-TR was significantly reduced in cultures deprived of arginine, glutamine, and lysine. Furthermore, we showed that the glutamine-deprived condition inhibited mTORC1/S6K signaling. The decreased cell viability and mTORC1/S6K signaling under glutamine-deprived conditions could be restored by glutamine and α-KG supplementation. Treatment with PF-4708671, a selective S6K inhibitor, and the selective glutamine transporter ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 downregulated mTOR/S6K signaling and resensitized SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel. Immunoblotting showed the upregulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and a decrease in Mcl-1 expression in SKOV3-TR via the cotreatment of paclitaxel with PF-4708671 and V-9302. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the inhibition of glutamine uptake can resensitize SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel and represents a promising therapeutic target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
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Winder ML, Campbell KJ. MCL-1 is a clinically targetable vulnerability in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1439-1455. [PMID: 35349392 PMCID: PMC9278428 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2054096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family, including MCL-1, are emerging as important proteins during the development and therapeutic response of solid tumors. Notably, high levels of MCL-1 occur in breast cancer, where functional dependency has been demonstrated using cell lines and mouse models. The utility of restoring apoptosis in cancer cells through inhibition of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins has been realized in the clinic, where the first specific inhibitor of BCL-2 is approved for use in leukemia. A variety of MCL-1 inhibitors are now undergoing clinical trials for blood cancer treatment and application of this new class of drugs is also being tested in solid cancers. On-target compounds specific to MCL-1 have demonstrated promising efficacy in preclinical models of breast cancer and show potential to enhance the anti-tumor effect of conventional therapies. Taken together, this makes MCL-1 an extremely attractive target for clinical evaluation in the context of breast cancer.Abbreviations: ADC (antibody-drug conjugate); AML (Acute myeloid leukemia); APAF1 (apoptotic protease activating factor 1); bCAFs (breast cancer associated fibroblasts); BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2); BH (BCL-2 homology); CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia); EGF (epidermal growth factor); EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition); ER (estrogen receptor); FDA (food and drug administration); GEMM (genetically engineered mouse model); HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2); IL6 (interleukin 6); IMM (inner mitochondrial membrane); IMS (intermembrane space); MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1); MOMP (mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation); MM (multiple myeloma); PDX (patient-derived xenograft); OMM (outer mitochondrial membrane); PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) TNBC (triple negative breast cancer); UPS (ubiquitin mediated proteolysis system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Winder
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate,Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate,Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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Byadi S, Sadik K, Hachim ME, Daoudi M, Podlipnik Č, Aboulmouhajir A. Discovery of a New Mcl‐1 Protein Inhibitor through the QSAR Approach and Molecular Docking Study. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Said Byadi
- Organic Synthesis Extraction and Valorization Laboratory Team of Extraction Spectroscopy and Valorization Sciences Faculty of Ain Chock Hassan II University Casablanca 20100 Morocco
| | - Karima Sadik
- Team of Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Sciences Faculty Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida 24000 Morocco
| | - Mouhi Eddine Hachim
- Team of Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Sciences Faculty Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida 24000 Morocco
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Laboratory of Organic and Bio‐Organic Chemistry and the Environment Sciences Faculty Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida 24000 Morocco
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology University of Ljubljana Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Aziz Aboulmouhajir
- Organic Synthesis Extraction and Valorization Laboratory Team of Extraction Spectroscopy and Valorization Sciences Faculty of Ain Chock Hassan II University Casablanca 20100 Morocco
- Team of Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Sciences Faculty Chouaib Doukkali University El Jadida 24000 Morocco
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siRNA Targeting Mcl-1 Potentiates the Anticancer Activity of Andrographolide Nanosuspensions via Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061196. [PMID: 35745769 PMCID: PMC9230779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. However, recurrence is frequently found despite adjuvant therapy being available. Combination therapy with cytotoxic drugs and gene therapy is being developed to be a new promising cancer treatment strategy. Introducing substituted dithiocarbamate moieties at the C12 position of andrographolide (3nAG) could improve its anticancer selectivity in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. However, its hydrophobicity is one of its main drawbacks. This work successfully prepared 3nAG nanosuspension stabilized with the chitosan derivative NSC (3nAGN-NSC) to increase solubility and pharmacological effectiveness. siRNAs have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative for interfering with particular mRNA. The 3nAGN-NSC had also induced Mcl-1 mRNA expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells at 8, 12, and 24 h. This indicates that, in addition to Mcl-1 silencing by siRNA (siMcl-1) in MCF-7 with substantial Mcl-1 reliance, rationally devised combination treatment may cause the death of cancer cells in breast cancer. The Fa-CI analysis showed that the combination of 3nAGN-NSC and siMcl-1 had a synergistic effect with a combination index (CI) value of 0.75 (CI < 1 indicating synergistic effects) at the fractional inhibition of Fa 0.7. The synergistic effect was validated by flow cytometry, with the induction of apoptosis as the mechanism of reduced cell viability. Our findings suggested the rational use of 3nAGN-NSC in combination with siMcl-1 to kill breast cancer cells.
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Myeloid cell leukemia-1 expression in cancers of the oral cavity: a scoping review. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35524332 PMCID: PMC9074253 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family members play important roles in cell survival as well as cell death. The role of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), an important member of the Bcl-2 family, is well established in hematopoietic malignancies. However, the association between Mcl-1 and oral cavity, cancers is not clearly defined. Methods A scoping review was conducted until June 30, 2021, using four major databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Medical subject headings keywords for Mcl-1, along with its other identifiers, and head and neck cancers (only oral cavity tumors) were used to evaluate the expression, function, molecular association, and therapeutic approach of Mcl-1 in oral cavity cancers and precancers. Findings Mcl-1 expression was associated with the progression of oral cavity cancers. The molecular mechanism and pathways of Mcl-1 in oral cavity cancers established via experimental results have been highlighted in this review. Moreover, the various synthetic and naturally derived therapeutic agents targeting Mcl-1 have been documented. Novelty/Improvement Based on our present review, Mcl-1 appears to be an effective anticancer target that can be used in the therapeutic management of oral cancers.
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Moyzis AG, Lally NS, Liang W, Najor RH, Gustafsson ÅB. Mcl-1 Differentially Regulates Autophagy in Response to Changes in Energy Status and Mitochondrial Damage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091469. [PMID: 35563775 PMCID: PMC9102819 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a unique antiapoptotic Bcl-2 member that is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Mcl-1′s functions extend beyond its traditional role in preventing apoptotic cell death. Specifically, data suggest that Mcl-1 plays a regulatory role in autophagy, an essential degradation pathway involved in recycling and eliminating dysfunctional organelles. Here, we investigated whether Mcl-1 regulates autophagy in the heart. We found that cardiac-specific overexpression of Mcl-1 had little effect on baseline autophagic activity but strongly suppressed starvation-induced autophagy. In contrast, Mcl-1 did not inhibit activation of autophagy during myocardial infarction or mitochondrial depolarization. Instead, overexpression of Mcl-1 increased the clearance of depolarized mitochondria by mitophagy independent of Parkin. The increase in mitophagy was partially mediated via Mcl-1′s LC3-interacting regions and mutation of these sites significantly reduced Mcl-1-mediated mitochondrial clearance. We also found that Mcl-1 interacted with the mitophagy receptor Bnip3 and that the interaction was increased in response to mitochondrial stress. Overall, these findings suggest that Mcl-1 suppresses nonselective autophagy during nutrient limiting conditions, whereas it enhances selective autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria by functioning as a mitophagy receptor.
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Interleukin-15 enhanced the survival of human γδT cells by regulating the expression of Mcl-1 in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:139. [PMID: 35351861 PMCID: PMC8964681 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor and the treatment efficacy of high-risk NB is unsatisfactory. γδT-cell-based adoptive cell transfer is a promising approach for high-risk NB treatment. Our previous study has revealed that γδT cells in NB patients exhibit a poor proliferation activity and a decreased anti-tumor capacity in vitro. In the present study, we found that IL-15 could effectively enhance the proliferation of NB γδT cells, to a level that remains lower than healthy controls though. In addition, IL-15-fostered NB γδT cells robustly boosted cell survival against apoptosis induced by cytokines depletion. Our data revealed that Mcl-1 was a key anti-apoptotic protein in IL-15-fostered γδT cells during cytokine withdrawal and its expression was regulated via the activation of STAT5 and ERK. In addition, IL-2 and IL-15-fostered γδT cells harbored higher levels of tumoricidal capacity which is also beneficial for γδ T-cell based immune therapy in NB. Understanding the survival control of γδT cells in a sub-optimal cytokine supportive microenvironment will expedite the clinical application of γδT cells for immunotherapy.
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Basundra R, Kapoor S, Hollville E, Kiapour N, Beltran Lopez A, Marie Melchiorre N, Deshmukh M. Constitutive High Expression of NOXA Sensitizes Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Rapid Cell Death. Stem Cells 2022; 40:49-58. [PMID: 35511861 PMCID: PMC9199843 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are highly sensitive to apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage, which allows for the rapid elimination of mutated cells during development. However, the mechanisms that maintain hES cells in the primed apoptotic state are not completely known. Key activators of apoptosis, the BH3-only proteins, are present at low levels in most cell types. In contrast, hES cells have constitutive high levels of the BH3-only protein, NOXA. We examined the importance of NOXA for enabling apoptosis in hES cells. hES cells deleted for NOXA showed remarkable protection against multiple apoptotic stimuli. NOXA was constitutively localized to the mitochondria, where it interacted with MCL1. Strikingly, inhibition of MCL1 in NOXA knockout cells was sufficient to sensitize these cells to DNA damage-induced cell death. Our study demonstrates that an essential function of constitutive high levels of NOXA in hES cells is to effectively antagonize MCL1 to permit rapid apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Basundra
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sahil Kapoor
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emilie Hollville
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nazanin Kiapour
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adriana Beltran Lopez
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Choi HS, Baek KH. Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic regulation mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:117. [PMID: 35118522 PMCID: PMC11071826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although damaged cells can be repaired, cells that are considered unlikely to be repaired are eliminated through apoptosis, a type of predicted cell death found in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is a structured cell death involving alterations to the cell morphology and internal biochemical changes. This process involves the expansion and cracking of cells, changes in cell membranes, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosome cleavage, culminating in the damaged cells being eaten and processed by other cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a major cellular pathway that regulates the protein levels through proteasomal degradation. This review proposes that apoptotic proteins are regulated through the UPS and describes a unique direction for cancer treatment by controlling proteasomal degradation of apoptotic proteins, and small molecules targeted to enzymes associated with UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Seul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Tan Y, Li T, Hu M, Wang B, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Duan X, Yang J, Liu X, Zhan Z. PHLPP1 deficiency ameliorates cardiomyocyte death and cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting Mcl-1 degradation. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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