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Asmamaw MD, He A, Zhang LR, Liu HM, Gao Y. Histone deacetylase complexes: Structure, regulation and function. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189150. [PMID: 38971208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators, and transcriptional complexes with deacetylase function are among the epigenetic corepressor complexes in the nucleus that target the epigenome. HDAC-bearing corepressor complexes such as the Sin3 complex, NuRD complex, CoREST complex, and SMRT/NCoR complex are common in biological systems. These complexes activate the otherwise inactive HDACs in a solitary state. HDAC complexes play vital roles in the regulation of key biological processes such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. Moreover, deregulated HDAC complex function is implicated in human diseases including cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting HDAC complexes are being sought actively. Thus, illustration of the nature and composition of HDAC complexes is vital to understanding the molecular basis of their functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions, and for designing targeted therapies. This review presents key aspects of large multiprotein HDAC-bearing complexes including their structure, function, regulatory mechanisms, implication in disease development, and role in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Ang He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
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2
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Ma X, Xu S, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Yang H, Wan B, Yang Y, Miao Z, Xu X. Targeting Nr2e3 to Modulate Tet2 Expression: Therapeutic Potential for Depression Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400726. [PMID: 38881534 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation play a significant role in depression. This research has shown that Ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) deficiency prompts depression-like behaviors, but Tet2's transcriptional regulation remains unclear. In the study, bioinformatics is used to identify nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 3 (Nr2e3) as a potential Tet2 regulator. Nr2e3 is found to enhance Tet2's transcriptional activity by binding to its promoter region. Nr2e3 knockdown in mouse hippocampus leads to reduced Tet2 expression, depression-like behaviors, decreased hydroxymethylation of synaptic genes, and downregulation of synaptic proteins like postsynaptic density 95 KDa (PSD95) and N-methy-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1). Fewer dendritic spines are also observed. Nr2e3 thus appears to play an antidepressant role under stress. In search of potential treatments, small molecule compounds to increase Nr2e3 expression are screened. Azacyclonal (AZA) is found to enhance the Nr2e3/Tet2 pathway and exhibited antidepressant effects in stressed mice, increasing PSD95 and NMDAR1 expression and dendritic spine density. This study illuminates Tet2's upstream regulatory mechanism, providing a new target for identifying early depression biomarkers and developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shiyao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaohui Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bo Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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3
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Gao Y, Feng C, Ma J, Yan Q. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs): Orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy dynamics, and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116048. [PMID: 38346542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes regulating protein arginine methylation, which is a post-translational modification crucial for various cellular processes. Recent studies have highlighted the mechanistic role of PRMTs in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. PRMTs are involved in diverse oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. They exert their effects by methylation of histones, transcription factors, and other regulatory proteins, resulting in altered gene expression patterns. PRMT-mediated histone methylation can lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling and epigenetic changes that drive oncogenesis. Additionally, PRMTs can directly interact with key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby modulating cell survival and proliferation. In the context of cancer immunotherapy, PRMTs have emerged as critical regulators of immune responses. They modulate immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), through arginine methylation. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, and PRMTs have been implicated in this phenomenon. PRMTs can contribute to drug resistance through multiple mechanisms, including the epigenetic regulation of drug efflux pumps, altered DNA damage repair, and modulation of cell survival pathways. In conclusion, PRMTs play critical roles in cancer pathogenesis, immunotherapy, and drug resistance. In this overview, we have endeavored to illuminate the mechanistic intricacies of PRMT-mediated processes. Shedding light on these aspects will offer valuable insights into the fundamental biology of cancer and establish PRMTs as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chongchong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Jingru Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qingzhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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Li X, Li Z, Gao Q, Peng Y, Yu Y, Hu T, Wang W. Correlation of DNA methylation of DNMT3A and TET2 with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:15. [PMID: 38246976 PMCID: PMC10800327 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Abnormal epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are hallmarks of cancer and implicated in the development of various tumors. DNA methylation is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferase and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase families, with DNMT3A and TET2 being the most widely studied members, respectively. The correlation of methylation β values and clinical features was conducted in patients with OSCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. DNA methylation and protein expression levels of DNMT3A and TET2 in tissues were analyzed with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and western blotting. To evaluate the effects of DNMT3A and TET2 on the biological characteristics of OSCC, cell proliferation was assessed with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and cell migration capacity was quantified with wound healing and transwell assays. A survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier approach. The correlation between different methylation β values and clinical features was revealed. MSP revealed varying methylation degrees of DNMT3A and TET2 in OSCC tissues. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the protein expression levels were significantly different in cancer and surrounding healthy tissue samples. In vitro experiments demonstrated that DNMT3A knockdown and TET2 overexpression could inhibit the proliferation and migration of OSCC. Survival analysis revealed that patients with high DNMT3A methylation levels showed higher survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zaikun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qingxi Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tenglong Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Bonfiglio R, Sisto R, Casciardi S, Palumbo V, Scioli MP, Giacobbi E, Servadei F, Melino G, Mauriello A, Scimeca M. Aluminium bioaccumulation in colon cancer, impinging on epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and cell death. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168335. [PMID: 37939965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the presence of aluminium (Al) in human colon cancer samples and its potential association with biological processes involved in cancer progression, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell death. 25 consecutive colon samples were collected from patients undergoing colonic resection. Both neoplastic and normal mucosa were collected from each patient and subjected to histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses. Moreover, colon samples from two Al-positive patients underwent multi-omic analyses, including whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Morin staining, used to identify in situ aluminium bioaccumulation, showed the presence of Al in tumor areas of 24 % of patients. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis confirmed the presence of Al specifically in intracytoplasmic electrondense nanodeposits adjacent to mitochondria of colon cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analyses for vimentin and nuclear β-catenin were performed to highlight the occurrence of the EMT phenomenon in association to Al bioaccumulation. Al-positive samples showed a significant increase in both the number of vimentin-positive and nuclear β-catenin-positive cancer cells compared to Al-negative samples. Moreover, Al-positive samples exhibited a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells, as well as the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2. Multi-omic analyses revealed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) in Al-positive colon cancers (n = 2) compared to a control cohort (n = 100). Additionally, somatic mutations in genes associated with EMT (GATA3) and apoptosis (TP53) were observed in Al-positive colon cancers. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of Al bioaccumulation in colon cancer and its potential role in modulating molecular pathways involved in cancer progression, such as EMT and apoptosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Al toxicity might contribute to improve strategies for prevention, early detection, and targeted therapies for the management of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Renata Sisto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome 00078, Italy.
| | - Stefano Casciardi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome 00078, Italy.
| | - Valeria Palumbo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Scioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Erica Giacobbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Servadei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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García de Herreros A. Dual role of Snail1 as transcriptional repressor and activator. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189037. [PMID: 38043804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Snail1 transcriptional factor plays a key role in the control of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process that remodels tumor cells increasing their invasion and chemo-resistance as well as reprograms their metabolism and provides stemness properties. During this transition, Snail1 acts as a transcriptional repressor and, as growing evidences have demonstrated, also as a direct activator of mesenchymal genes. In this review, I describe the different proteins that interact with Snail1 and are responsible for these two different functions on gene expression; I focus on the transcriptional factors that associate to Snail1 in their target promoters, both activated and repressed. I also present working models for Snail1 action both as repressor and activator and raise some issues that still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Zhu Y, Xia T, Chen DQ, Xiong X, Shi L, Zuo Y, Xiao H, Liu L. Promising role of protein arginine methyltransferases in overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101016. [PMID: 37980859 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment, necessitating the development of novel strategies to overcome it. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are enzymes responsible for epigenetic arginine methylation, which regulates various biological and pathological processes, as a result, they are attractive therapeutic targets for overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. The ongoing development of small molecules targeting PRMTs has resulted in the generation of chemical probes for modulating most PRMTs and facilitated clinical treatment for the most advanced oncology targets, including PRMT1 and PRMT5. In this review, we summarize various mechanisms underlying protein arginine methylation and the roles of specific PRMTs in driving cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, we highlight the potential clinical implications of PRMT inhibitors in decreasing cancer drug resistance. PRMTs promote the formation and maintenance of drug-tolerant cells via several mechanisms, including altered drug efflux transporters, autophagy, DNA damage repair, cancer stem cell-related function, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and disordered tumor microenvironment. Multiple preclinical and ongoing clinical trials have demonstrated that PRMT inhibitors, particularly PRMT5 inhibitors, can sensitize cancer cells to various anti-cancer drugs, including chemotherapeutic, targeted therapeutic, and immunotherapeutic agents. Combining PRMT inhibitors with existing anti-cancer strategies will be a promising approach for overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, enhanced knowledge of the complex functions of arginine methylation and PRMTs in drug resistance will guide the future development of PRMT inhibitors and may help identify new clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Qian Chen
- Department of Medicine Oncology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yueqi Zuo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Institute of Basic Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Zhang C, Liu L, Li W, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Yang H, Xie J, Pan W, Guo X, She P, Zhong L, Li T. Upregulation of FAM83F by c-Myc promotes cervical cancer growth and aerobic glycolysis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:837. [PMID: 38104106 PMCID: PMC10725447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) seriously affects women's health. Therefore, elucidation of the exact mechanisms and identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. In this study, we identified FAM83F, which was highly expressed in CC cells and tissues, as a potential target. Our clinical data revealed that FAM83F protein expression was markedly elevated in CC tissues and was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, we observed that FAM83F knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed glycolysis in CC cells, while its overexpression displayed opposite effects. Mechanistically, FAM83F regulated CC cell growth and glycolysis by the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The enhancing effects of FAM83F overexpression on CC cell proliferation and glycolysis could be impaired by the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939. Moreover, we found that c-Myc bound to the FAM83F promoter and activated the transcription of FAM83F. Notably, knockdown of FAM83F impaired the enhancement of cell proliferation and glycolysis induced by ectopic c-Myc. Consistent with in vitro findings, results from a xenograft mouse model confirmed the promoting role of FAM83F. In summary, our study demonstrated that FAM83F promoted CC growth and glycolysis through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that FAM83F may be a potential molecular target for CC treatment. Schematic summary of c-Myc-activated FAM83F transcription to promote cervical cancer growth and glycolysis by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxiong Li
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xunzhi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayuan Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng She
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, Department of Orthopedics, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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Janin M, Davalos V, Esteller M. Cancer metastasis under the magnifying glass of epigenetics and epitranscriptomics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1071-1112. [PMID: 37369946 PMCID: PMC10713773 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of the cancer-associated mortality and morbidity can be attributed to metastasis. The role of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations in cancer origin and progression has been extensively demonstrated during the last years. Both regulations share similar mechanisms driven by DNA or RNA modifiers, namely writers, readers, and erasers; enzymes responsible of respectively introducing, recognizing, or removing the epigenetic or epitranscriptomic modifications. Epigenetic regulation is achieved by DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, chromatin accessibility, and enhancer reprogramming. In parallel, regulation at RNA level, named epitranscriptomic, is driven by a wide diversity of chemical modifications in mostly all RNA molecules. These two-layer regulatory mechanisms are finely controlled in normal tissue, and dysregulations are associated with every hallmark of human cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations governing tumor metastasis, and compare pathways regulated at DNA or RNA levels to shed light on a possible epi-crosstalk in cancer metastasis. A deeper understanding on these mechanisms could have important clinical implications for the prevention of advanced malignancies and the management of the disseminated diseases. Additionally, as these epi-alterations can potentially be reversed by small molecules or inhibitors against epi-modifiers, novel therapeutic alternatives could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Janin
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Chen Y, Xu J, Liu X, Guo L, Yi P, Cheng C. Potential therapies targeting nuclear metabolic regulation in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e421. [PMID: 38034101 PMCID: PMC10685089 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between genetic alterations and metabolic dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a pivotal axis in cancer pathogenesis. Both elements are mutually reinforcing, thereby expediting the ontogeny and progression of malignant neoplasms. Intriguingly, recent findings have highlighted the translocation of metabolites and metabolic enzymes from the cytoplasm into the nuclear compartment, where they appear to be intimately associated with tumor cell proliferation. Despite these advancements, significant gaps persist in our understanding of their specific roles within the nuclear milieu, their modulatory effects on gene transcription and cellular proliferation, and the intricacies of their coordination with the genomic landscape. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor to elucidate the regulatory landscape of metabolic signaling within the nuclear domain, namely nuclear metabolic signaling involving metabolites and metabolic enzymes. We explore the roles and molecular mechanisms through which metabolic flux and enzymatic activity impact critical nuclear processes, including epigenetic modulation, DNA damage repair, and gene expression regulation. In conclusion, we underscore the paramount significance of nuclear metabolic signaling in cancer biology and enumerate potential therapeutic targets, associated pharmacological interventions, and implications for clinical applications. Importantly, these emergent findings not only augment our conceptual understanding of tumoral metabolism but also herald the potential for innovative therapeutic paradigms targeting the metabolism-genome transcriptional axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyJames Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine at The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Ning J, Chen L, Xiao G, Zeng Y, Shi W, Tanzhu G, Zhou R. The protein arginine methyltransferase family (PRMTs) regulates metastases in various tumors: From experimental study to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115456. [PMID: 37696085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of mortality among advanced cancer patients. Understanding its mechanisms and treatment strategies is vital for clinical application. Arginine methylation, a post-translational modification catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is implicated in diverse physiological processes and disease progressions. Previous research has demonstrated PRMTs' involvement in tumor occurrence, progression, and metastasis. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the relationship between PRMTs, prognosis, and metastasis in various cancers. Our focus centers on elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which PRMTs regulate tumor metastasis. We also discuss relevant clinical trials and effective PRMT inhibitors, including chemical compounds, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and nanomaterials, for treating tumor metastasis. While a few studies present conflicting results, the overall trajectory suggests that inhibiting arginine methylation exhibits promise in curtailing tumor metastasis across various cancers. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms and molecular interactions are diverse. The development of inhibitors targeting arginine methylation, along with the progression of clinical trials, holds substantial potential in the field of tumor metastasis, meriting sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
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12
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Zeng YT, Liu WF, Zheng PS, Li S. GDF15 deficiency hinders human trophoblast invasion to mediate pregnancy loss through downregulating Smad1/5 phosphorylation. iScience 2023; 26:107902. [PMID: 37766993 PMCID: PMC10520888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the Transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) superfamily. The decrease of GDF15 in the serum of pregnant women was associated with miscarriage. Both IHC and ELISA assays showed that GDF15 in trophoblast tissue and serum of pregnant women who miscarried was significantly lower than in those who had a live birth. GDF15 deficiency was associated with embryo resorption in GDF15 knockout mice through CRIPSR editing. In addition, the migration and invasion ability of HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells were promoted by GDF15. Mechanistically, GDF15 increased Smad1/5 phosphorylation, resulting in upregulating SNAI1/2, VIMENTIN and downregulating E-CADHERIN. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Smad-binding elements (SBE) and/or GC-rich motifs were activated and target genes such as SNAI1/2, SERPINE1, and TIMP3 were transcriptionally regulated by GDF15/Smad5 signaling. Therefore, our data revealed a crucial role of GDF15 on invasion of trophoblast by upregulating the activity of TGF-β/Smad1/5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Fang Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Vydra N, Toma-Jonik A, Janus P, Mrowiec K, Stokowy T, Głowala-Kosińska M, Sojka DR, Olbryt M, Widłak W. An Increase in HSF1 Expression Directs Human Mammary Epithelial Cells toward a Mesenchymal Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4965. [PMID: 37894333 PMCID: PMC10605143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HSF1 is a well-known heat shock protein expression regulator in response to stress. It also regulates processes important for growth, development or tumorigenesis. We studied the HSF1 influence on the phenotype of non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial (MCF10A and MCF12A) and several triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. MCF10A and MCF12A differ in terms of HSF1 levels, morphology, growth in Matrigel, expression of epithelial (CDH1) and mesenchymal (VIM) markers (MCF10A are epithelial cells; MCF12A resemble mesenchymal cells). HSF1 down-regulation led to a reduced proliferation rate and spheroid formation in Matrigel by MCF10A cells. However, it did not affect MCF12A proliferation but led to CDH1 up-regulation and the formation of better organized spheroids. HSF1 overexpression in MCF10A resulted in reduced CDH1 and increased VIM expression and the acquisition of elongated fibroblast-like morphology. The above-mentioned results suggest that elevated levels of HSF1 may direct mammary epithelial cells toward a mesenchymal phenotype, while a lowering of HSF1 could reverse the mesenchymal phenotype to an epithelial one. Therefore, HSF1 may be involved in the remodeling of mammary gland architecture over the female lifetime. Moreover, HSF1 levels positively correlated with the invasive phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells, and their growth was inhibited by the HSF1 inhibitor DTHIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vydra
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Toma-Jonik
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Patryk Janus
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Mrowiec
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomasz Stokowy
- Scientific Computing Group, IT Division, University of Bergen, N-5008 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Damian Robert Sojka
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Magdalena Olbryt
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Wiesława Widłak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.T.-J.); (P.J.); (K.M.); (M.G.-K.); (D.R.S.); (M.O.)
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14
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Yang JY, Ke D, Li Y, Shi J, Wan SM, Wang AJ, Zhao MN, Gao H. CNIH4 governs cervical cancer progression through reducing ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110712. [PMID: 37716418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer death worldwide, and ferroptosis is implicated in the progression of cervical cancer. Cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 4 (CNIH4) is involved in the progression of various human cancers; however, its function in cervical cancer remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of CNIH4 in cervical cancer using gain- and loss-of-function studies in vitro. SiHa and CaSki cells were infected with lentiviral vectors to manipulate the expression of CNIH4 in vitro, and cell viability, migration, invasion as well as ferroptosis were evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to further validate the mechanism through which CNIH4 regulated the progression of cervical cancer. The expression of CNIH4 was upregulated in human cervical cancer tissues and cells, and strongly correlated with the decreases in overall survival and disease free survival rates of cervical cancer patients. CNIH4 silence inhibited, while CNIH4 overexpression facilitated the survival of human cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, CNIH4 elevated solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)-mediated cystine import, and subsequently increased intracellular glutathione synthesis and glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis of human cervical cancer cells. SLC7A11 silence significantly abolished CNIH4-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis in cervical cancer cells in vitro. Our study for the first time reveals that CNIH4 inhibits ferroptosis of human cervical cancer cells through upregulating SLC7A11, defining CNIH4 as an attractive therapeutic and prognostic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Yang
- Department of Gynaecology II, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Gynaecology II, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Gynaecology II, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shi-Meng Wan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - An-Jin Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Na Zhao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Gynaecology II, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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15
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Zhang M, Hong X, Ma N, Wei Z, Ci X, Zhang S. The promoting effect and mechanism of Nrf2 on cell metastasis in cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:433. [PMID: 37403143 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) has poor prognosis and high mortality rate for its metastasis during the disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anoikis are initial and pivotal steps during the metastatic process. Although higher levels of Nrf2 are associated with aggressive tumor behaviors in cervical cancer, the detailed mechanism of Nrf2 in cervical cancer metastasis, especially EMT and anoikis, remains unclear. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine Nrf2 expression in CC. Wound healing assay and transwell analysis were used to evaluate the migration ability of CC cells. Western blot, qTR-PCR and immunofluorescent staining were used to verify the expression level of Nrf2, the EMT associated markers and anoikis associated proteins. Flow cytometry assays and cell counting were used to detect the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. The lung and lymph node metastatic mouse model were established for studies in vivo. The interaction between Nrf2 and Snail1 was confirmed by rescue-of-function assay. RESULTS When compared with cervical cancer patients without lymph node metastasis, Nrf2 was highly expressed in patients with lymph node metastasis. And Nrf2 was proved to enhance the migration ability of HeLa and SiHa cells. In addition, Nrf2 was positively correlated with EMT processes and negatively associated with anoikis in cervical cancer. In vivo, a xenograft assay also showed that Nrf2 facilitated both pulmonary and lymphatic distant metastasis of cervical cancer. Rescue-of-function assay further revealed the mechanism that Nrf2 impacted the metastasis of CC through Snail1. CONCLUSION Our fundings established Nrf2 plays a crucial role in the metastasis of cervical cancer by enhancing EMT and resistance to anoikis by promoting the expression of Snail1, with potential value as a therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhentong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Ci
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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16
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Sample RA, Nogueira MF, Mitra RD, Puram SV. Epigenetic regulation of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal cell states in cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2237-2248. [PMID: 37344626 PMCID: PMC10578205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. In cancer, EMT is thought to drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent efforts to understand EMT biology have uncovered that cells undergoing EMT attain a spectrum of intermediate "hybrid E/M" states, which exist along an epithelial-mesenchymal continuum. Here, we summarize recent studies characterizing the epigenetic drivers of hybrid E/M states. We focus on the histone-modification writers, erasers, and readers that assist or oppose the canonical hybrid E/M transcription factors that modulate hybrid E/M state transitions. We also examine the role of chromatin remodelers and DNA methylation in hybrid E/M states. Finally, we highlight the challenges of targeting hybrid E/M pharmacologically, and we propose future directions that might reveal the specific and targetable mechanisms by which hybrid E/M drives metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly A Sample
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina F Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Lucky AB, Wang C, Liu M, Liang X, Min H, Fan Q, Siddiqui FA, Adapa SR, Li X, Jiang RHY, Chen X, Cui L, Miao J. A type II protein arginine methyltransferase regulates merozoite invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. Commun Biol 2023; 6:659. [PMID: 37349497 PMCID: PMC10287762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate many important cellular processes, such as transcription and RNA processing in model organisms but their functions in human malaria parasites are not elucidated. Here, we characterize PfPRMT5 in Plasmodium falciparum, which catalyzes symmetric dimethylation of histone H3 at R2 (H3R2me2s) and R8, and histone H4 at R3 in vitro. PfPRMT5 disruption results in asexual stage growth defects primarily due to lower invasion efficiency of the merozoites. Transcriptomic analysis reveals down-regulation of many transcripts related to invasion upon PfPRMT5 disruption, in agreement with H3R2me2s being an active chromatin mark. Genome-wide chromatin profiling detects extensive H3R2me2s marking of genes of different cellular processes, including invasion-related genes in wildtype parasites and PfPRMT5 disruption leads to the depletion of H3R2me2s. Interactome studies identify the association of PfPRMT5 with invasion-related transcriptional regulators such as AP2-I, BDP1, and GCN5. Furthermore, PfPRMT5 is associated with the RNA splicing machinery, and PfPRMT5 disruption caused substantial anomalies in RNA splicing events, including those for invasion-related genes. In summary, PfPRMT5 is critical for regulating parasite invasion and RNA splicing in this early-branching eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amuza Byaruhanga Lucky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chengqi Wang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Faiza Amber Siddiqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Swamy Rakesh Adapa
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rays H Y Jiang
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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18
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Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cancer development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:1-61. [PMID: 37657856 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays essential roles in promoting malignant transformation of epithelial cells, leading to cancer progression and metastasis. During EMT-induced cancer development, a wide variety of genes are dramatically modified, especially down-regulation of epithelial-related genes and up-regulation of mesenchymal-related genes. Expression of other EMT-related genes is also modified during the carcinogenic process. Especially, epigenetic modifications are observed in the EMT-related genes, indicating their involvement in cancer development. Mechanically, epigenetic modifications of histone, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNA stably change the EMT-related gene expression at transcription and translation levels. Herein, we summarize current knowledge on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms observed in EMT process relate to cancer development in humans. The better understanding of epigenetic regulation of EMT during cancer development may lead to improvement of drug design and preventive strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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19
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Sayago C, Sánchez-Wandelmer J, García F, Hurtado B, Lafarga V, Prieto P, Zarzuela E, Ximénez-Embún P, Ortega S, Megías D, Fernández-Capetillo O, Malumbres M, Munoz J. Decoding protein methylation function with thermal stability analysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3016. [PMID: 37230995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation is an important modification beyond epigenetics. However, systems analyses of protein methylation lag behind compared to other modifications. Recently, thermal stability analyses have been developed which provide a proxy of a protein functional status. Here, we show that molecular and functional events closely linked to protein methylation can be revealed by the analysis of thermal stability. Using mouse embryonic stem cells as a model, we show that Prmt5 regulates mRNA binding proteins that are enriched in intrinsically disordered regions and involved in liquid-liquid phase separation mechanisms, including the formation of stress granules. Moreover, we reveal a non-canonical function of Ezh2 in mitotic chromosomes and the perichromosomal layer, and identify Mki67 as a putative Ezh2 substrate. Our approach provides an opportunity to systematically explore protein methylation function and represents a rich resource for understanding its role in pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sayago
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando García
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Cell Cycle group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Mouse Genome Editing Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Zarzuela
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ximénez-Embún
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Mouse Genome Editing Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Cell Cycle group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Munoz
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Cell Signaling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque foundation for science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
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20
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Liu A, Yu C, Qiu C, Wu Q, Huang C, Li X, She X, Wan K, Liu L, Li M, Wang Z, Chen Y, Hu F, Song D, Li K, Zhao C, Deng H, Sun X, Xu F, Lai S, Luo X, Hu J, Wang G. PRMT5 methylating SMAD4 activates TGF-β signaling and promotes colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:1572-1584. [PMID: 36991117 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling can lead to a plethora of diseases, including cancer. Mutations and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of the partner of SMAD complexes contribute to the dysregulation of TGF-β signaling. Here, we reported a PTM of SMAD4, R361 methylation, that was critical for SMAD complexes formation and TGF-β signaling activation. Through mass spectrometric, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescent (IF) assays, we found that oncogene protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) interacted with SMAD4 under TGF-β1 treatment. Mechanically, PRMT5 triggered SMAD4 methylation at R361 and induced SMAD complexes formation and nuclear import. Furthermore, we emphasized that PRMT5 interacting and methylating SMAD4 was required for TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis, and SMAD4 R361 mutation diminished PRMT5 and TGF-β1-induced metastasis. In addition, highly expressed PRMT5 or high level of SMAD4 R361 methylation indicated worse outcomes in clinical specimens analysis. Collectively, our study highlights the critical interaction of PRMT5 and SMAD4 and the roles of SMAD4 R361 methylation for controlling TGF-β signaling during metastasis. We provided a new insight for SMAD4 activation. And this study indicated that blocking PRMT5-SMAD4 signaling might be an effective targeting strategy in SMAD4 wild-type CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Chengxin Yu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaowei She
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Kairui Wan
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Lang Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Mao Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Da Song
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
- Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Kangdi Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Facility, Tsinghua University Technology Center for Protein Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Facility, Tsinghua University Technology Center for Protein Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xuling Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Senyan Lai
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Junbo Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Guihua Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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Montanaro M, Agostini M, Anemona L, Bonanno E, Servadei F, Finazzi Agrò E, Asimakopoulos AD, Ganini C, Cipriani C, Signoretti M, Bove P, Rugolo F, Imperiali B, Melino G, Mauriello A, Scimeca M. ZNF750: A Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076519. [PMID: 37047491 PMCID: PMC10095592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The clinical decision making for prostate cancer patients is based on the stratification of the patients according to both clinical and pathological parameters such as Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, these tools still do not adequately predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZNF750 could have a role in better stratifying patients, identifying those with a higher risk of metastasis and with the poorest prognosis. The data reported here revealed that ZNF750 protein levels are reduced in human prostate cancer samples, and this reduction is even higher in metastatic samples. Interestingly, nuclear positivity is significantly reduced in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of both Gleason score and grade group. More importantly, the bioinformatics analysis indicates that ZNF750 expression is positively correlated with better prognosis. Overall, our findings suggest that nuclear expression of ZNF750 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer, which lays the foundation for the development of new biological therapies.
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22
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Abe Y, Sano T, Tanaka N. The Role of PRMT5 in Immuno-Oncology. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030678. [PMID: 36980950 PMCID: PMC10048035 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has caused a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutic strategy. However, this therapy only benefits a subset of patients. The difference in responses to ICIs is believed to be dependent on cancer type and its tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is favorable for cancer progression and metastasis and can also help cancer cells to evade immune attacks. To improve the response to ICIs, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of how the TME is maintained. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) di-methylates arginine residues in its substrates and has essential roles in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and the fidelity of mRNA splicing. Through these functions, PRMT5 can support cancer cell immune evasion. PRMT5 is necessary for regulatory T cell (Treg) functions and promotes cancer stemness and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Specific factors in the TME can help recruit Tregs, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells into tumors. In addition, PRMT5 suppresses antigen presentation and the production of interferon and chemokines, which are necessary to recruit T cells into tumors. Overall, PRMT5 supports an immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, PRMT5 inhibition would help recover the immune cycle and enable the immune system-mediated elimination of cancer cells.
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23
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Unger K, Hess J, Link V, Buchner A, Eze C, Li M, Stief C, Kirchner T, Klauschen F, Zitzelsberger H, Niyazi M, Ganswindt U, Schmidt-Hegemann NS, Belka C. DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases in prostate cancer from patients with low and high Gleason score. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 39:100586. [PMID: 36935856 PMCID: PMC10014335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In prostate cancer, the indication to irradiate the pelvic lymphatic pathways in clinical node-negative patients is solely based on clinical nomograms. To define biological risk patterns of lymphatic spread, we studied DNA-methylation and genomic copy number in primary tumors and corresponding lymph nodes metastases. Methods/Patients DNA-methylation and genomic copy number profiles of primary tumors (PT) and paired synchronous lymph node metastases (LN) from Gleason Score (GS)-6/7a (n = 20 LN-positive, n = 20 LN-negative) and GS-9/10 patients (LN-positive n = 20) after prostatectomy and lymphonodectomy were analyzed. Results GS-6/7a pN0 PTs and GS-6/7a pN1 PTs differed in histone H3K27me3/H3K9me3 mediated methylation. PTs compared to LNs, in both, GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients showed large differences in DNA-methylation mediated by histones H3K4me1/2, in addition to copy number changes of chromosomal regions 11q13.1, 14q11.2 and 15q26.1. Between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients, methylation levels differed more when comparing LNs than PTs. 16q21-22.1 was specifically lost in GS-9/10 pN0 PTs. Immune system-related pathways characterized the differences between PTs and LNs in both GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients. Comparing PTs and LKs between GS-6/7a pN1 and GS-9/10 pN1 patients revealed altered transmembrane and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. Conclusions Our data suggest that progression of prostate cancer, including lymphatic spread, is associated with histone-mediated DNA-methylation and we hypothesize a methylation signature predicting lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients from primary tumors. Lymphatic spread in GS-6/7a patients, flanked by DNA-methylation and CNA alterations, appears to be more complex than in GS-9/10 patients, in whom the primary tumors already appear to bear lymph node metastasis-enabling alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter-Landstr. 1, 85622 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Link
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Chukwuka Eze
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck (CCCI), Germany
| | - Nina-Sophie Schmidt-Hegemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Cancer Research (BZKF), Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Munich, Germany
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24
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The PRMT5-LSD1 axis confers Slug dual transcriptional activities and promotes breast cancer progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:191. [PMID: 35655230 PMCID: PMC9164399 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Downregulation of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers are the characteristics of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which provides the metastatic advantage of breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the switch of EMT markers remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, we used the affinity purification and mass spectrometry coupled approach to identify the interactome of Slug. CoIP, GST-pulldown, ChIP, Re-ChIP, qPCR and Immunoblot were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of Slug-PRMT5-LSD1 complex. The role of PRMT5 and LSD1 in breast cancer progression was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Results Here we found that the transcription factor Slug associates with PRMT5 and LSD1 in a complex and facilitates the breast cancer invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, PRMT5 and LSD1 work with Slug to exert dual transcriptional activities to inhibit E-cadherin expression by PRMT5-catalyzed H4R3me2s and LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4me2 on the E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter, and activate vimentin (VIM) expression via PRMT5-driven H3R2me2s and LSD1-mediated removal of H3K9me2. Importantly, PRMT5 and LSD1 are coordinately expressed in breast cancer patients and pharmacologic perturbation of both PRMT5 and LSD1 shows a synergetic effect on the inhibition of breast tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Our study suggests that PRMT5 and LSD1 function as a dual epigenetic modifier to promote Slug induced EMT program, suggesting that the inhibition of PRMT5 and LSD1 presents a potential therapeutic strategy against cancer metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02400-7.
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25
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Yin X, Teng X, Ma T, Yang T, Zhang J, Huo M, Liu W, Yang Y, Yuan B, Yu H, Huang W, Wang Y. RUNX2 recruits the NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex to promote breast cancer progression and bone metastasis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2203-2217. [PMID: 35534547 PMCID: PMC9613664 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is an osteogenesis-related transcription factor that has emerged as a prominent transcription repressing factor in carcinogenesis. However, the role of RUNX2 in breast cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that RUNX2 recruits the metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1)/NuRD and the Cullin 4B (CUL4B)-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex to form a transcriptional-repressive complex, which catalyzes the histone deacetylation and ubiquitylation. Genome-wide analysis of the RUNX2/NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex targets identified a cohort of genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which are critically involved in cell growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. We demonstrate that the RUNX2/NuRD(MTA1)/CRL4B complex promotes the proliferation, invasion, tumorigenesis, bone metastasis, cancer stemness of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, RUNX2 expression is upregulated in multiple human carcinomas, including breast cancer. Our study suggests that RUNX2 is a promising potential target for the future treatment strategies of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Baowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Microbiome, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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RNAi screen identifies MTA1 as an epigenetic modifier of differentiation commitment in human HSPCs. Exp Hematol 2022; 115:20-29. [PMID: 36041657 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating key fate decisions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain incompletely understood. Here, we targeted global shRNA libraries to primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to screen for modifiers of self-renewal and differentiation, and identified metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1) as a negative regulator of human HSPC propagation in vitro. Knockdown of MTA1 by independent shRNAs in primary human cord blood (CB) HSPCs led to a cell expansion during culture and a relative accumulation of immature CD34+CD90+ cells with perturbed in vitro differentiation potential. Transplantation experiments in immunodeficient mice showed a significant reduction of human chimerism in both blood and bone marrow from HSPCs with knockdown of MTA1, possibly due to reduced maturation of blood cells. We further show that MTA1 associates with the nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (NuRD) complex in human HSPCs, and upon knockdown of MTA1 we observed an increase in H3K27Ac marks coupled with a downregulation of genes linked to differentiation towards the erythroid lineage. Altogether, our findings identify MTA1 as a novel regulator of human HSPCs in vitro and in vivo with critical functions for differentiation commitment.
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27
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ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD Multicomplex Contributes to the Epigenetic Regulation of EMT and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143426. [PMID: 35884488 PMCID: PMC9324012 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The EMT plays a crucial role in tumor metastasis, which is the major cause for colorectal carcinoma-related mortality. However, the underlying regulators and mechanisms of EMT in CRC metastasis are still poorly understood; (2) Methods: The transcriptional regulators of EMT in CRC and their functions were examined using RT2212PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay. The components of ZEB2/TWIST1 complex and their mutual interactions were identified via affinity purification, mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down experiments. The functional mechanisms of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD axis were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. The contribution of ZEB2/TWIST1/PRMT5/NuRD complex in the CRC metastasis was investigated using wound healing, transwell assay, and in vivo xenograft mouse model; (3) Results: We found that ZEB2 and TWIST1 were both significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and EMT of CRC cells. ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1 to the E-cadherin promoter and synergistically repressed its transcription. In addition, ZEB2 physically interacted with TWIST1, PRMT5, and the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to form a novel repressive multicomplex, leading to epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin in CRC cells. Notably, the combined inhibition of ZEB2 and TWIST1 and epigenetic inhibition markedly reduced CRC metastasis in mice; (4) Conclusions: We revealed for the first time that ZEB2 could recruit TWIST1, PRMT5, and NuRD to form a repressive multicomplex and epigenetically suppresses the transcription of E-cadherin, thereby inducing the EMT process and metastasis in CRC. Our results also confirmed the therapeutic potential of epigenetic inhibitors in CRC.
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28
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Alagia A, Gullerova M. The Methylation Game: Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Dynamics of 5-Methylcytosine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:915685. [PMID: 35721489 PMCID: PMC9204050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.915685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA methylation dynamics have been linked to a variety of cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and the maintenance of genome integrity. The correct deposition and removal of methylated cytosine and its oxidized analogues is pivotal for cellular homeostasis, rapid responses to exogenous stimuli, and regulated gene expression. Uncoordinated expression of DNA/RNA methyltransferases and demethylase enzymes has been linked to genome instability and consequently to cancer progression. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates that post-transcriptional DNA/RNA modifications are important features in DNA/RNA function, regulating the timely recruitment of modification-specific reader proteins. Understanding the biological processes that lead to tumorigenesis or somatic reprogramming has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community. This work has revealed extensive crosstalk between epigenetic and epitranscriptomic pathways, adding a new layer of complexity to our understanding of cellular programming and responses to environmental cues. One of the key modifications, m5C, has been identified as a contributor to regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR). However, the various mechanisms of dynamic m5C deposition and removal, and the role m5C plays within the cell, remains to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Gli1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating Snail transcriptional activity and stability. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3877-3890. [PMID: 36213531 PMCID: PMC9532560 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein, we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.
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30
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Yan Z, Ao X, Liang X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou S, Zhou P, Gu Y. Transcriptional inhibition of miR-486-3p by BCL6 upregulates Snail and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:104. [PMID: 35484551 PMCID: PMC9052631 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce pulmonary fibrosis by causing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), but the exact mechanism has not been elucidated. To investigate the molecular mechanism of how radiation induces pulmonary fibrosis by altering miR-486-3p content and thus inducing EMT. Methods The changes of miR-486-3p in cells after irradiation were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the changes of cellular epithelial marker protein E-cadherin, mesenchymal marker N-cadherin, Vimentin and other proteins. The target gene of miR-486-3p was predicted by bioinformatics method and the binding site was verified by dual luciferase reporter system. In vivo experiments, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to carry miR-486-3p mimic to lung. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) model was constructed by 25Gy60Co γ-rays. The structural changes of mouse lung were observed by HE and Masson staining. The expression of relevant proteins in mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results IR could decrease the miR-486-3p levels in vitro and in vivo, and that effect was closely correlated to the occurrence of RIPF. The expression of Snail, which induces EMT, was shown to be restrained by miR-486-3p. Therefore, knockdown of Snail blocked the EMT process induced by radiation or knockdown of miR-486-3p. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying the IR-induced miRNA level reduction was explored. The increased in BCL6 could inhibit the formation of pri-miR-486-3p, thereby reducing the levels of miR-486-3p in the alveolar epithelial cells, which would otherwise promote EMT and contribute to RIPF by targeting Snail. Conclusion IR can exacerbate RIPF in mice by activating the transcription factor BCL6, which inhibits the transcription of miR-486-3p and decreases its content, which in turn increases the content of the target gene slug and triggers EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Chu Q, Gu X, Zheng Q, Guo Z, Shan D, Wang J, Zhu H. Long noncoding RNA SNHG4: a novel target in human diseases. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:583. [PMID: 34717631 PMCID: PMC8557547 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted great attention from researchers. LncRNAs are non-protein-coding RNAs of more than 200 nucleotides in length. Multiple studies have been published on the relationship between lncRNA expression and the progression of human diseases. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4), a member of the lncRNA SNHG family, is abnormally expressed in a variety of human diseases, including gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, neonatal pneumonia, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathic pain, acute cerebral infarction, acute myeloid leukaemia, and endometriosis. In this paper, the structure of SNHG4 is first introduced, and then studies in humans, animal models and cells are summarized to highlight the expression and function of SNHG4 in the above diseases. In addition, the specific mechanism of SNHG4 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is discussed. The findings indicate that SNHG4 can be used as a biomarker for disease prognosis evaluation and as a potential target for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, NO. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Epigenetic Regulation and Post-Translational Modifications of SNAI1 in Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011062. [PMID: 34681726 PMCID: PMC8538584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAI1, a zinc finger transcription factor, not only acts as the master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also functions as a driver of cancer progression, including cell invasion, survival, immune regulation, stem cell properties, and metabolic regulation. The regulation of SNAI1 occurs at the transcriptional, translational, and predominant post-translational levels including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. Here, we discuss the regulation and role of SNAI1 in cancer metastasis, with a particular emphasis on epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications. Understanding how signaling networks integrate with SNAI1 in cancer progression will shed new light on the mechanism of tumor metastasis and help develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer metastasis.
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Chen Y, Shao X, Zhao X, Ji Y, Liu X, Li P, Zhang M, Wang Q. Targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in cancers: Roles, inhibitors and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112252. [PMID: 34619493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as the major type II arginine methyltransferase catalyzes the mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that PRMT5 plays an indispensable role in the occurrence and development of various human cancers by promoting the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. It has become a promising and valuable target in the cancer epigenetic therapy. This review is to summarize the clinical significance of PRMT5 in the cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, and the drug discovery targeting PRMT5. Importantly, the existing PRMT5 inhibitors representing different molecular mechanisms, and their pharmacological effect, mechanism of action and biological affinity are analyzed. Clinical status, current problems and future perspective of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancers are also discussed, all of which provides crucial help for the future discovery of PRMT5 targeted drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xiaomin Shao
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xiangge Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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34
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Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Chen M, Li S, Bai J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang G, Xu H, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Nie H. PRMT5 disruption drives antitumor immunity in cervical cancer by reprogramming T cell-mediated response and regulating PD-L1 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9162-9176. [PMID: 34522232 PMCID: PMC8419032 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an oncogene that promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which PRMT5 contributes to the progression of cervical cancer and especially the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. Methods: PRMT5 expression level was analyzed by Q-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and TCGA database. The role of PRMT5 in tumor growth was observed by transplanted tumor models, and the function of T cells in tumor microenvironment and in vitro co-culture system was investigated through flow cytometry. The transcriptional regulation of PRMT5 was analyzed using luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The therapeutic effect of PRMT5 inhibitor was evaluated in a cervical cancer cell line transplanted tumor model. Results: We observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PRMT5 were increased in cervical cancer tissues, and the high expression of PRMT5 was associated with poor outcomes in cervical cancer patients. The absence of PRMT5 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a cervical cancer transplanted tumor model, and importantly, PRMT5 absence in tumors led to increase the number and enhance the function of tumor infiltrating T cells. Mechanistically, PRMT5 enhanced the transcription of STAT1 through symmetric dimethylation of histone H3R2 and thus promoted PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, in an in vitro co-culture system, knockdown of PRMT5 in tumor cells could directly enhance the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B in T cells. These results suggested that PRMT5 promoted the development of cervical cancer by the crosstalk between tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 treatment could suppress tumor growth in a cervical cancer transplanted tumor model. Conclusion: Our results clarify a new mechanism which PRMT5 knockdown in cervical cancer cells drives an antitumor function via reprogramming T cell-mediated response and regulating PD-L1 expression. Thus, our study highlights that PRMT5 may be a potential target for cervical cancer therapy.
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Liang Z, Liu L, Wen C, Jiang H, Ye T, Ma S, Liu X. Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of PRMT5 in Cancers: A System Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211050583. [PMID: 34758643 PMCID: PMC8591649 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is abnormally expressed in various tumors, in this study we aim to assess the association between PRMT5 and clinicopathological and prognostic features. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 25, 2021. The critical appraisal of the eligible studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess the effect. Engauge Digitizer version 12.1, STATA version 15.1, and R version 4.0.5 were used to obtain and analysis the data. RESULTS A total of 32 original studies covering 15,583 patients were included. In our data, it indicated that high level of PRMT5 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22-3.70, P =.008; I2 = 80.7%) and positively correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, P < .001; I2 = 50%) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24-1.88, P < .001; I2 = 0%). In addition, sub-group analysis showed that high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor overall survival for such 5 kinds of cancers as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer. CONCLUSION For the first time we found PRMT5 was pan-cancerous as a prognostic biomarker and high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor prognosis for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lianchang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chaowei Wen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Heya Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tianxia Ye
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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