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Currim F, Tanwar R, Brown-Leung JM, Paranjape N, Liu J, Sanders LH, Doorn JA, Cannon JR. Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity modulated by inherent cell-type specific neurobiology. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:266-287. [PMID: 38964509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Hallmark features of PD pathology are the formation of Lewy bodies in neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the subsequent irreversible death of these neurons. Although genetic risk factors have been identified, around 90 % of PD cases are sporadic and likely caused by environmental exposures and gene-environment interaction. Mechanistic studies have identified a variety of chemical PD risk factors. PD neuropathology occurs throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system, but it is the loss of DAergic neurons in the SNpc that produce many of the cardinal motor symptoms. Toxicology studies have found specifically the DAergic neuron population of the SNpc exhibit heightened sensitivity to highly variable chemical insults (both in terms of chemical structure and mechanism of neurotoxic action). Thus, it has become clear that the inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons likely underlies much of this neurotoxic response to broad insults. This review focuses on inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons and how such neurobiology impacts the primary mechanism of neurotoxicity. While interactions with a variety of other cell types are important in disease pathogenesis, understanding how inherent DAergic biology contributes to selective sensitivity and primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity is critical to advancing the field. Specifically, key biological features of DAergic neurons that increase neurotoxicant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Currim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Reeya Tanwar
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Josephine M Brown-Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Neha Paranjape
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Liu
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laurie H Sanders
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA.
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Zhou H, Ning Y, Jian Y, Zhang M, Klakong M, Guo F, Shao Q, Li Y, Yang P, Li Z, Yang L, Li S, Ding W. Functional analysis of a down-regulated transcription factor-SoxNeuroA gene involved in the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin against spider mites. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1593-1606. [PMID: 37986233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insight into the mode of action of plant-derived acaricides will help in the development of sustainable control strategies for mite pests. Scopoletin, a promising plant-derived bioactive compound, displays prominent acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The transcription factor SoxNeuroA plays a vital role in maintaining calcium ion (Ca2+ ) homeostasis. Down-regulation of SoxNeuroA gene expression occurs in scopoletin-exposed mites, but the functional role of this gene remains unknown. RESULTS A SoxNeuroA gene from T. cinnabarinus (TcSoxNeuroA) was first cloned and identified. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting assays all confirmed that the gene expression and protein levels of TcSoxNeuroA were significantly reduced under scopoletin exposure. Furthermore, RNA interference silencing of the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene significantly enhanced the susceptibility of mites to scopoletin, suggesting that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin was mediated by the weakly expressed SoxNeuroA gene. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that TcSoxNeuroA was a repressor of Orai1 Ca2+ channel gene transcription, and the key binding sequence was ATCAAAG (positions -361 to -368 of the Orai1 promoter). Importantly, site-directed mutagenesis and microscale thermophoresis assays further indicated that ASP185, ARG189, and LYS217, which were key predicted hydrogen-bonding sites in the molecular docking model, may be the vital binding sites for scopoletin in TcSoxNeuroA. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the acaricidal mechanism of scopoletin involves inhibition of the transcription factor SoxNeuroA, thus inducing the activation of the Orai1 Ca2+ channel, eventually leading to Ca2+ overload and lethality. Elucidation of the transcription factor-targeted mechanism for this potent plant-derived acaricide has vital implications for the design of next-generation green acaricides with novel targets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yeshuang Ning
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Matthana Klakong
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fuyou Guo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Shao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pinglong Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zongquan Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shili Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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Tahavvori A, Gargari MK, Yazdani Y, Mamalo AS, Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M. Involvement of antioxidant enzymes in Parkinson's disease. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154757. [PMID: 37598566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to many other diseases, the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial and includes both genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to pesticides and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, mainly in electron transporter complexes 1 and 2 in the inner mitochondrial membrane, are two primary environmental risk factors for this disease. Increased accumulation of ROS and oxidative stress (OS) trigger a series of reactions that can lead to the aggregation of misfolded proteins, DNA damage, autophagy, and apoptosis, which may adversely affect cell function. These processes cause diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and PD. As indicated in previous studies, ROS is considered a critical regulator in the progression of PD. The human body contains several antioxidant molecules, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, bilirubin, and uric acid, as well as antioxidant enzymes including paraoxonase (PON), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Therefore, based on the canonical function of the antioxidant enzymes in PD, In the present review, we attempted to examine the function of antioxidant enzymes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tahavvori
- M, D, Internal Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morad Kohandel Gargari
- Imamreza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Yazdani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimani Mamalo
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran.
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Abdel-Rasoul AA, Saleh NA, Hosny EN, El-Gizawy MM, Ibrahim EA. Cardamom oil ameliorates behavioral and neuropathological disorders in a rat model of depression induced by reserpine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116254. [PMID: 36781058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Depression is a public health problem. Despite the availability of treatment options, its prevalence is increasing. A high rate of treatment failure is often reported, along with considerable side effects associated with synthetic antidepressants. Therefore, developing effective and safe antidepressants from traditional herbs or natural products as an alternative strategy is warranted to avoid side effects and increase drug efficacy. In traditional medicine, cardamom has traditionally been used to treat conditions like asthma, tooth and gum infections, cataracts, nausea, diarrhea, and even depression and anxiety as well as some problems with the heart, kidneys, and digestive system. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of cardamom oil in a rat model of depression induced by reserpine and compare it with the activity of the antidepressant drug fluoxetine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Depression-like symptoms were induced in male rats by daily i. p. injection of reserpine (0.2 mg/kg/d for 15 d followed by 0.1 mg/kg/d for 21 d to maintain the depressive state), and the rats were treated with cardamom oil (oral dose = 200 mg/kg/d) for 21 d along with the maintenance dose of reserpine. We performed behavioral tests (forced swimming test and open-field test) and evaluated biochemical markers of depression. RESULTS Our findings revealed that cardamom oil attenuated depression-like symptoms in reserpine-injected rats by improving the behavioral changes measured by the forced swimming test and the locomotor activities measured by the open-field test. In reserpine-injected rats, cardamom oil exerted antidepressant-like effects by modulating lower levels of brain monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine), GSH, and higher oxido-nitrosative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). Moreover, cardamom oil alleviated depression-like behaviors by lowering monoamine oxidase activity and raising the activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase and levels of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION We recommend the use of cardamom oil as a safe and reliable treatment or an adjuvant for preventing depression-like symptoms in patients suffering from depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Abdel-Rasoul
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada M El-Gizawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehab A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Dopamine Inhibits Arabidopsis Growth through Increased Oxidative Stress and Auxin Activity. STRESSES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Like some bacterial species and all animals, plants synthesize dopamine and react to its exogenous applications. Despite dopamine’s widespread presence and activity in plants, its role in plant physiology is still poorly understood. Using targeted experimentation informed by the transcriptomic response to dopamine exposure, we identify three major effects of dopamine. First, we show that dopamine causes hypersensitivity to auxin indole-3-acetic acid by enhancing auxin activity. Second, we show that dopamine increases oxidative stress, which can be mitigated with glutathione. Third, we find that dopamine downregulates iron uptake mechanisms, leading to a decreased iron content—a response possibly aimed at reducing DA-induced oxidative stress. Finally, we show that dopamine-induced auxin sensitivity is downstream of glutathione biosynthesis, indicating that the auxin response is likely a consequence of DA-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, our results show that exogenous dopamine increases oxidative stress, which inhibits growth both directly and indirectly by promoting glutathione-biosynthesis-dependent auxin hypersensitivity.
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de Siqueira EA, Magalhães EP, de Menezes RRPPB, Sampaio TL, Lima DB, da Silva Martins C, Neves KRT, de Castro Brito GA, Martins AMC, de Barros Viana GS. Vitamin D3 actions on astrocyte cells: A target for therapeutic strategy in Parkinson's disease? Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136997. [PMID: 36470505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta. PD patients' brains show neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of VD3 on astrocytes after their exposure to rotenone (ROT) a natural pesticide known to exhibit neurotoxic potential via the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Cell viability parameters were evaluated by the MTT test and staining with 7-AAD in cultures of astrocytes treated and untreated with VD3 (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL) and/or ROT (10 µg/mL or 5 µg/mL), and the cytoplasmic production of ROS and the cell death profile were measured by flow cytometry. Glutathione accumulation and ultrastructural changes were evaluated and immunocytochemistry assays for NF-kB and Nrf2 were also carried out. The results showed that VD3 improved the viability of cells previously treated with VD3 and then exposed to ROT, reducing the occurrence of necrotic and apoptotic events. Furthermore, cells exposed to ROT showed increased production of ROS, which decreased significantly with previous treatment with VD3. Importantly, the decrease by ROT in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential was significantly prevented after treating cells with VD3, especially at a concentration of 1 ng/mL. Therefore, treatment with VD3 protected astrocytes from damage caused by ROT, decreasing oxidative stress, decreasing NF-kB and Nrf2 expressions, and improving mitochondrial function. However, further investigation is needed regarding the participation and mechanism of action of VD3 in this cellular model of PD focusing on the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-kB.
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Zheng HL, Li MT, Zhou T, Wang YY, Shang EX, Hua YQ, Duan JA, Zhu Y. Protective effects of Lycium barbarum L. berry extracts against oxidative stress-induced damage of the retina of aging mouse and ARPE-19 cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:399-412. [PMID: 36512065 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Lycium barbarum L. berry extract on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the main components responsible for its antioxidant activity. An AMD mouse model was developed by feeding 18-month-old mice with a 1% hydroquinone diet. Meanwhile, the model mice were treated with water extract (LBW) and alcohol extract (LBE) of L. barbarum berries respectively for 3 months. It was found that the retinal structural abnormalities were improved and the oxidation stress and inflammatory imbalance were both attenuated in model mice treated with the extracts of L. barbarum berries. According to the metabolomics analysis of the serum of model mice, LBW regulated the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipids, while LBE extracts tended to regulate taurine metabolism. On sodium iodate induced oxidative injury of ARPE-19 cells, water extracts of L. barbarum berries eluted with 95% ethanol (LBW-95E) on AB-8 macroporous resin significantly improved the cell viability and attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content, decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, promoting the entry of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and up-regulating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyltyramine and perlolyrine were identified as the main components of LBW-95E. These results demonstrated that L. barbarum berry extracts protected the retina of aging AMD model mice from degeneration and LBW-95E was the vital antioxidant activity fraction of LBW. These findings suggest that L. barbarum berry extracts might be an excellent natural source for the development of retinal protection-related drugs or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ying-Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Hua
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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van den Hurk M, Lau S, Marchetto MC, Mertens J, Stern S, Corti O, Brice A, Winner B, Winkler J, Gage FH, Bardy C. Druggable transcriptomic pathways revealed in Parkinson's patient-derived midbrain neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:134. [PMID: 36258029 PMCID: PMC9579158 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex genetic predispositions accelerate the chronic degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Deciphering the human molecular makeup of PD pathophysiology can guide the discovery of therapeutics to slow the disease progression. However, insights from human postmortem brain studies only portray the latter stages of PD, and there is a lack of data surrounding molecular events preceding the neuronal loss in patients. We address this gap by identifying the gene dysregulation of live midbrain neurons reprogrammed in vitro from the skin cells of 42 individuals, including sporadic and familial PD patients and matched healthy controls. To minimize bias resulting from neuronal reprogramming and RNA-seq methods, we developed an analysis pipeline integrating PD transcriptomes from different RNA-seq datasets (unsorted and sorted bulk vs. single-cell and Patch-seq) and reprogramming strategies (induced pluripotency vs. direct conversion). This PD cohort’s transcriptome is enriched for human genes associated with known clinical phenotypes of PD, regulation of locomotion, bradykinesia and rigidity. Dysregulated gene expression emerges strongest in pathways underlying synaptic transmission, metabolism, intracellular trafficking, neural morphogenesis and cellular stress/immune responses. We confirmed a synaptic impairment with patch-clamping and identified pesticides and endoplasmic reticulum stressors as the most significant gene-chemical interactions in PD. Subsequently, we associated the PD transcriptomic profile with candidate pharmaceuticals in a large database and a registry of current clinical trials. This study highlights human transcriptomic pathways that can be targeted therapeutically before the irreversible neuronal loss. Furthermore, it demonstrates the preclinical relevance of unbiased large transcriptomic assays of reprogrammed patient neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van den Hurk
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Shong Lau
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Maria C. Marchetto
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol Austria
| | - Shani Stern
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Corti
- grid.425274.20000 0004 0620 5939Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- grid.425274.20000 0004 0620 5939Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU BioGeM, Paris, France
| | - Beate Winner
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany ,grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fred H. Gage
- grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Cedric Bardy
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA Australia
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Protective Mechanisms of Nootropic Herb Shankhpushpi ( Convolvulus pluricaulis) against Dementia: Network Pharmacology and Computational Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1015310. [PMID: 36225186 PMCID: PMC9550454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1015310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP), a Medhya Rasayana (nootropic) herb, is a major ingredient in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese formulae indicated for neurological conditions, namely, dementia, anxiety, depression, insanity, and epilepsy. Experimental evidence suggests various neuroactive potentials of CP such as memory-enhancing, neuroprotective, and antiepileptic. However, precise mechanisms underlying the neuropharmacological effects of CP remain unclear. The study, therefore, aimed at deciphering the molecular basis of neuroprotective effects of CP phytochemicals against the pathology of dementia disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease. The study exploited bioinformatics tools and resources, such as Cytoscape, DAVID (Database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery), NetworkAnalyst, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) database to investigate the interaction between CP compounds and molecular targets. An in silico analysis was also employed to screen druglike compounds and validate some selective interactions. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis predicted a total of five druglike phytochemicals from CP constituents, namely, scopoletin, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and ayapanin. In network analysis, these compounds were found to interact with some molecular targets such as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 (PTGS1 and PTGS2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3), insulin receptor (INSR), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG), and monoamine oxidase A and B (MAOA and MAOB) that are associated with neuronal growth, survival, and activity. Docking simulation further confirmed interaction patterns and binding affinity of selected CP compounds with those molecular targets. Notably, scopoletin showed the highest binding affinity with PTGS1, NOS3, PPARG, ACHE, MAOA, MAOB, and TRKB, quercetin with PTGS2, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid with INSR, and ayapanin with HMOX1. The findings indicate that scopoletin, kaempferol, quercetin, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ayapanin are the main active constituents of CP which might account for its memory enhancement and neuroprotective effects and that target proteins such as PTGS1, PTGS2, NOS3, PPARG, ACHE, MAOA, MAOB, INSR, HMOX1, and TRKB could be druggable targets against dementia.
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Deus CM, Teixeira J, Raimundo N, Tucci P, Borges F, Saso L, Oliveira PJ. Modulation of cellular redox environment as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13820. [PMID: 35638352 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD affects 2% of the population above 65 years old; however, with the growing number of senior citizens, PD prevalence is predicted to increase in the following years. Pathologically, PD is characterized by dopaminergic cell neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra, resulting in decreased dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, triggering motor symptoms. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to PD are still unclear, large evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role, not only because it increases with age which is the most significant risk factor for PD development, but also as a result of alterations in several processes, particularly mitochondria dysfunction. The modulation of oxidative stress, especially using dietary mitochondriotropic antioxidants, represents a promising approach to prevent or treat PD. Although most mitochondria-targeted antioxidants with beneficial effects in PD-associated models have failed to show any therapeutic benefit in clinical trials, several questions remain to be clarified. Hereby, we review the role played by oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis, emphasizing mitochondria as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers and as targets for oxidative stress-related dysfunctional mechanisms. In addition, we also describe the importance of using dietary-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a valuable strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials of PD, pointing out their significance to slow, and possibly halt, the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Xi J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu Q, He Y, Xu Y, Ding Z, Zhao H, Da H, Zhang F, Zhao H, Fang J. Hinokitiol functions as a ferroptosis inhibitor to confer neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:202-215. [PMID: 35985562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic link of ferroptosis to neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, has set promises to apply ferroptosis inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we report that the natural small molecule hinokitiol (Hino) functions as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor to rescue neuronal damages in vitro and in vivo. The action mechanisms of Hino involve chelating irons and activating cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 to upregulate the antioxidant genes including solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and Heme oxygenase-1. In vivo studies demonstrate that Hino rescues the deficits of locomotor activity and neurodevelopment in zebrafishes. In addition, Hino shows the efficient blood-brain barrier permeability in mice, supporting the application of Hino for brain disorders. Paclitaxel is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum antineoplastic agents. However, its neurotoxic side effect is a severe concern. We demonstrate that the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel is ferroptosis-related and Hino also alleviates the paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity without compromising its cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Hino also salvages the neurobehavioral impairment by paclitaxel in zebrafishes. Collectively, the discovery of Hino as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor and disclosure of its action mechanisms establish a foundation for the further development of Hino as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Honghong Da
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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14
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Evidence for Oxidative Pathways in the Pathogenesis of PD: Are Antioxidants Candidate Drugs to Ameliorate Disease Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136923. [PMID: 35805928 PMCID: PMC9266756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that arises due to a complex and variable interplay between elements including age, genetic, and environmental risk factors that manifest as the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Contemporary treatments for PD do not prevent or reverse the extent of neurodegeneration that is characteristic of this disorder and accordingly, there is a strong need to develop new approaches which address the underlying disease process and provide benefit to patients with this debilitating disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and inflammation have been implicated as pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons seen in PD. However, results of studies aiming to inhibit these pathways have shown variable success, and outcomes from large-scale clinical trials are not available or report varying success for the interventions studied. Overall, the available data suggest that further development and testing of novel therapies are required to identify new potential therapies for combating PD. Herein, this review reports on the most recent development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches that have shown positive benefit in cell and animal models of disease with a focus on supplementation with natural product therapies and selected synthetic drugs.
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Ly HT, Nguyen TTH, Le VM, Lam BT, Mai TTT, Dang TPT. Therapeutic Potential of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Leaf Extract for Parkinson's Disease Treatment by Drosophila melanogaster Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5262677. [PMID: 35633880 PMCID: PMC9135533 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5262677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive locomotive defects and loss of dopaminergic neurons. Polyscias fruticosa leaves are used by Vietnamese as herbal medicines to support the treatment of some diseases related to neurodegeneration such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, recent scientific data have not provided sufficient evidence for the use of P. fruticosa leaves to treat PD or decelerate PD progression. In the present study, the capacity of P. fruticosa leaf extract for PD treatment on the dietary supplementation was investigated using dUCH-knockdown Drosophila model. The results indicated that P. fruticosa leaf extract decelerated dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by dUCH knockdown in not only the larval stage but also the adult stage, which might result in the amelioration in locomotor ability of dUCH-knockdown larvae and flies. Furthermore, antioxidant activities and some key phytochemicals such as saponins, polyphenols, and flavonoids that might contribute to the effects of the P. fruticosa leaf extract were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trieu Ly
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Minh Le
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Bich Thao Lam
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Trinh Mai
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Thao Dang
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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16
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Banerjee P, Saha I, Sarkar D, Maiti AK. Contributions and Limitations of Mitochondria-Targeted and Non-Targeted Antioxidants in the Treatment of Parkinsonism: an Updated Review. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:847-873. [PMID: 35386026 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As conventional therapeutics can only treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), major focus of research in recent times is to slow down or prevent the progression of neuronal degeneration in PD. Non-targeted antioxidants have been an integral part of the conventional therapeutics regimen; however, their importance have lessened over time because of their controversial outcomes in clinical PD trials. Inability to permeate and localize within the mitochondria remains the main drawback on the part of non-targeted antioxidants inspite of possessing free radical scavenging properties. In contrast, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants (MTAs), a special class of compounds have emerged having high advantages over non-targeted antioxidants by virtue of efficient pharmacokinetics and better absorption rate with capability to localize many fold inside the mitochondrial matrix. Preclinical experimentations indicate that MTAs have the potential to act as better alternatives compared to conventional non-targeted antioxidants in treating PD; however, sufficient clinical trials have not been conducted to investigate the efficacies of MTAs in treating PD. Controversial clinical outcomes on the part of non-targeted antioxidants and lack of clinical trials involving MTAs have made it difficult to go ahead with a direct comparison and in turn have slowed down the progress of development of safer and better alternate strategies in treating PD. This review provides an insight on the roles MTAs and non-targeted antioxidants have played in the treatment of PD till date in preclinical and clinical settings and discusses about the limitations of mitochondria-targeted and non-targeted antioxidants that can be resolved for developing effective strategies in treating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, Pin-713104, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, Pin-700073, India
| | - Diptendu Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, 711202, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, District - Darjeeling, P.O. N.B.U, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, Pin-734013, India.
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17
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Parama D, Girisa S, Khatoon E, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. An Overview of the Pharmacological Activities of Scopoletin against Different Chronic Diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Adedara AO, Babalola AD, Stephano F, Awogbindin IO, Olopade JO, Rocha JBT, Whitworth AJ, Abolaji AO. An assessment of the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin loss of function-induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3922. [PMID: 35273283 PMCID: PMC8913626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in parkin is associated with onset of juvenile Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol is a polyphenolic stilbene with neuroprotective activity. Here, we evaluated the rescue action of resveratrol in parkin mutant D. melanogaster. The control flies (w1118) received diet-containing 2% ethanol (vehicle), while the PD flies received diets-containing resveratrol (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg diet) for 21 days to assess survival rate. Consequently, similar treatments were carried out for 10 days to evaluate locomotor activity, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers. We also determined mRNA levels of Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1, an antioxidant gene) and ple, which encodes tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis. Our data showed that resveratrol improved survival rate and climbing activity of PD flies compared to untreated PD flies. Additionally, resveratrol protected against decreased activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase and levels of non-protein thiols and total thiols displayed by PD flies. Moreover, resveratrol mitigated against parkin mutant-induced accumulations of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Resveratrol attenuated downregulation of ple and Sod1 and reduction in mitochondrial fluorescence intensity displayed by PD flies. Overall, resveratrol alleviated oxidative stress and locomotor deficit associated with parkin loss-of-function mutation and therefore might be useful for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola O Adedara
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayoade D Babalola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Flora Stephano
- Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James O Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - João B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, R/S, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drosophila Laboratory, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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19
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Theofanous T, Kourti M. Abrogating Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Strategy against Parkinson’s Disease: A Mini Review of the Recent Advances on Natural Therapeutic Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:772-783. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220304222401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling when maintained at low concentrations. However, when ROS production exceeds the neutralizing capacity of endogenous antioxidants, oxidative stress is observed, which has been shown to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a progressive disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the striatum, which leads to motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the complex interplay of mechanisms responsible are yet to be fully understood, oxidative stress was found to be positively associated with PD. Despite active research, currently proposed regimens mainly focus on regulating dopamine metabolism within the brain, even though these treatments have shown limited long-term efficacy and several side effects. Due to the implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PD, natural antioxidant compounds have attracted interest as potential therapeutics over the last years, with a more favorable anticipated safety profile due to their natural origin. Therefore, natural antioxidants are currently being explored as promising anti-PD agents.
Objective:
In this mini review, emphasis was given to presently studied natural antioxidant and neuroprotective agents that have shown positive results in PD animal models.
Methods:
For this purpose, recent scientific articles were reviewed and discussed, with the aim to highlight the most up-to-date advances on PD treatment strategies related to oxidative stress.
Results:
A plethora of natural compounds are actively being explored against PD, including kaemferol, icaritin, artemisinin, and α-bisabolol, with promising results. Most of these compounds have shown adequate neuroprotective ability along with redox balance restoration, normalized mitochondrial function and limitation of the oxidative damage.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, natural antioxidants may be the way forward to novel treatments against PD, when the limitations of correct dosing and appropriate combinations are resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malamati Kourti
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Drug discovery group, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus
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20
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A novel sight of the primary active compounds from Umbelliferae: focusing on mitochondria. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Redox Homeostasis and Prospects for Therapeutic Targeting in Neurodegenerative Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9971885. [PMID: 34394839 PMCID: PMC8355971 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species, such as those of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, are considered part of normal cellular metabolism and play significant roles that can impact several signaling processes in ways that lead to either cellular sustenance, protection, or damage. Cellular redox processes involve a balance in the production of reactive species (RS) and their removal because redox imbalance may facilitate oxidative damage. Physiologically, redox homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of many cellular processes. RS may serve as signaling molecules or cause oxidative cellular damage depending on the delicate equilibrium between RS production and their efficient removal through the use of enzymatic or nonenzymatic cellular mechanisms. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that redox imbalance plays a significant role in the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. For example, studies have shown that redox imbalance in the brain mediates neurodegeneration and alters normal cytoprotective responses to stress. Therefore, this review describes redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. A clearer understanding of the redox-regulated processes in neurodegenerative disorders may afford opportunities for newer therapeutic strategies.
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Sakthivel KM, Vishnupriya S, Priya Dharshini LC, Rasmi RR, Ramesh B. Modulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways as targets for anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenesis action of Scopoletin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:147-161. [PMID: 33847360 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) is a naturally occurring coumarin belonging to the category of secondary metabolites. Coumarins are commonly found in several herbs and play a prominent role in the defense mechanism of plants. Beneficial effects of scopoletin including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial activity induced via numerous intracellular signalling mechanisms have been widely studied. However, anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis properties of scopoletin are not well documented in the literature. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review was to highlight the plethora of research pertaining to the signalling mechanisms associated with the prevention of the progression of disease condition by scopoletin. KEY FINDINGS Multiple signalling pathways like nuclear erythroid factor-2 (NEF2)-related factor-2 (NRF-2), apoptosis/p53 signalling, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, autophagy signalling, hypoxia signalling, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signalling, Wnt-β signalling, Notch signalling are coupled with the anti-inflammation and anti-tumorigenesis potential of scopoletin. SUMMARY Understanding crucial targets in these molecular signalling pathways may support the role of scopoletin as a promising naturally derived bioactive compound for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vishnupriya
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajan Radha Rasmi
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sandhir R, Khurana M, Singhal NK. Potential benefits of phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica against neurological disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105023. [PMID: 33753160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica or Neem has been extensively used in the Indian traditional medical system because of its broad range of medicinal properties. Neem contains many chemically diverse and structurally complex phytochemicals such as limonoids, flavonoids, phenols, catechins, gallic acid, polyphenols, nimbins. These phytochemicals possess vast array of therapeutic activities that include anti-feedant, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer properties. In recent years, many phytochemicals from Neem have been shown to be beneficial against various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, mood disorders, ischemic-reperfusion injury. The neuroprotective effects of the phytochemicals from Neem are primarily mediated by their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities along with their ability to modulate signaling pathways. However, extensive studies are still required to fully understand the molecular mechanisms involved in neuropotective effects of phytochemicals from Neem. This review is an attempt to cover the neuroprotective properties of various phytochemicals from Neem along with their mechanism of action so that the potential of the compounds could be realized to reduce the burden of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mehak Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Sector-81 (Knowledge City), PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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24
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Antioxidant Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030453. [PMID: 33803945 PMCID: PMC7998929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathological mechanisms that cause Parkinson’s disease (PD), which has led to the investigation of several antioxidants molecules as a potential therapeutic treatment against the disease. Although preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds to maintain neuronal survival and activity in PD models, these results have not been reflected in clinical trials, antioxidants have not been able to act as disease modifiers in terms of clinical symptoms. Translational medicine currently faces the challenge of redesigning clinical trials to standardize criteria when testing molecules to reduce responses’ variability. Herein, we discuss current challenges and opportunities regarding several non-enzymatic antioxidants’ therapeutic molecules for PD patients’ potential treatment.
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25
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Boudreau A, Richard AJ, Harvey I, Stephens JM. Artemisia scoparia and Metabolic Health: Untapped Potential of an Ancient Remedy for Modern Use. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:727061. [PMID: 35211087 PMCID: PMC8861327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.727061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals have a long history of medicinal use for a multitude of ailments, and many modern pharmaceuticals were originally isolated from plants or derived from phytochemicals. Among these, artemisinin, first isolated from Artemisia annua, is the foundation for standard anti-malarial therapies. Plants of the genus Artemisia are among the most common herbal remedies across Asia and Central Europe. The species Artemisia scoparia (SCOPA) is widely used in traditional folk medicine for various liver diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as for infections, fever, pain, cancer, and diabetes. Modern in vivo and in vitro studies have now investigated SCOPA's effects on these pathologies and its ability to mitigate hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, and other disease states. This review focuses on the effects of SCOPA that are particularly relevant to metabolic health. Indeed, in recent years, an ethanolic extract of SCOPA has been shown to enhance differentiation of cultured adipocytes and to share some properties of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agonists of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, SCOPA diet supplementation lowered fasting insulin and glucose levels, while inducing metabolically favorable changes in adipose tissue and liver. These observations are consistent with many lines of evidence from various tissues and cell types known to contribute to metabolic homeostasis, including immune cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta-cells. Compounds belonging to several classes of phytochemicals have been implicated in these effects, and we provide an overview of these bioactives. The ongoing global epidemics of obesity and metabolic disease clearly require novel therapeutic approaches. While the mechanisms involved in SCOPA's effects on metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways are not fully characterized, current data support further investigation of this plant and its bioactives as potential therapeutic agents in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and many other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Innocence Harvey
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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