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Wang J, Wang L, Feng X, Xu Y, Zhou L, Wang C, Wang M. Astragaloside IV attenuates fatty acid-induced renal tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting fatty acid transport protein-2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155991. [PMID: 39217653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal tubular injury induced by free fatty acid bound to albumin is the key pathological basis for the progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, effective interventions are limited. Astragaloside IV, as a major bioactive component purified from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, possesses pharmacological properties of lowering blood glucose and proteinuria, and renal tubular protection in diabetic kidney disease. Further work is needed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of renal tubular protection by astragaloside IV in diabetic kidney disease. METHODS Rats receiving high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were gavaged with astragaloside IV (10 mg/kg/d or 20 mg/kg/d) or empagliflozin (1.72 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. In vitro, the NRK-52E cells were treated with free fatty acid-deleted BSA or palmitic acid-bound BSA in the presence or absence of astragaloside IV (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM) or 5 μM of mcc950. The effects of astragaloside IV on mitochondrial function, NLRP3/ASC/IL-18/IL-1β inflammatory cascade, and renal tubular injury were detected by pathological staining, immunoblotting, MitoSOX Red staining. Next, to investigate the mechanism of renal tubular protection by astragaloside IV, we transfected Fatp2 siRNA into BSA-PA-treated NRK-52E cells and injected lipofermata (a FATP2 inhibitor) intraperitoneally into free fatty acid-bound BSA overloaded rats with concomitant astragaloside IV treatment. RESULTS Treatment with astragaloside IV for 8 weeks dose-dependently attenuated the blood glucose, ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine, disorder of lipid metabolism, and pathological injury in diabetic kidney disease rats. In addition, astragaloside IV dose-dependently attenuated mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species and subsequent inhibiting NLRP3-mediated inflammatory cascade in diabetic kidney disease rats and palmitic acid-bound BSA-treated NRK-52E cells, thereby exerting renal tubular protection. More importantly, the effects of astragaloside IV on restoration of mitochondrial function, inhibition of inflammatory response and amelioration of renal tubular injury in vivo and in vitro were further enhanced when used in combination with Fatp2 siRNA or lipofermata. CONCLUSION Astragaloside IV exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting FATP2-mediated fatty acid transport, thereby attenuating renal tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Lingchen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yizeng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; TCM institute of kidney disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhou S, Ling X, Liang Y, Feng Q, Xie C, Li J, Chen Q, Miao J, Zhang M, Li Z, Shen W, Li X, Wu Q, Wang X, Hou FF, Liu Y, Kong Y, Zhou L. Cannabinoid receptor 2 plays a key role in renal fibrosis through inhibiting lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells. Metabolism 2024; 159:155978. [PMID: 39097161 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Renal fibrosis is a common feature in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Tubular cell damage is a main characterization which results from dysregulated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipid accumulation. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) contributes to renal fibrosis, however, its role in FAO dysregulation in tubular cells is not clarified. In this study, we found CB2 plays a detrimental role in lipid metabolism in tubular cells. METHODS CB2 knockout mice were adopted to establish a folic acid-induced nephropathy (FAN) model. CB2-induced FAO dysfunction, lipid deposition, and fibrogenesis were assessed in vivo and vitro. To explore molecular mechanisms, β-catenin inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activators were also used in CB2-overexpressed cells. The mediative role of β-catenin in CB2-inhibited PPARα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) activation was analyzed. RESULTS CB2 activates β-catenin signaling, resulting in the suppression of PPARα/PGC-1α axis. This decreased FAO functions and led to lipid droplet formation in tubular cells. CB2 gene ablation effectively mitigated FAO dysfunction, lipid deposition and uremic toxins accumulation in FAN mice, consequently retarding renal fibrosis. Additionally, inhibition to β-catenin or PPARα activation could greatly inhibit lipid accumulation and fibrogenesis induced by CB2. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights CB2 disrupts FAO in tubular cells through β-catenin activation and subsequent inhibition on PPARα/PGC-1α activity. Targeted inhibition on CB2 offers a perspective therapeutic strategy to fight against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jiemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jinhua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Kong
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Miguel V, Shaw IW, Kramann R. Metabolism at the crossroads of inflammation and fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00889-z. [PMID: 39289568 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as persistent (>3 months) kidney functional loss, has a growing prevalence (>10% worldwide population) and limited treatment options. Fibrosis driven by the aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix is the final common pathway of nearly all types of chronic repetitive injury in the kidney and is considered a hallmark of CKD. Myofibroblasts are key extracellular matrix-producing cells that are activated by crosstalk between damaged tubules and immune cells. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic alterations are crucial contributors to the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis by affecting cellular bioenergetics and metabolite signalling. Immune cell functions are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics, and kidney cells seem to undergo cell-type-specific metabolic shifts in response to damage, all of which can determine injury and repair responses in CKD. A detailed understanding of the heterogeneity in metabolic reprogramming of different kidney cellular subsets is essential to elucidating communication processes between cell types and to enabling the development of metabolism-based innovative therapeutic strategies against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Department of Medicine 2, Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isaac W Shaw
- Department of Medicine 2, Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Medicine 2, Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Miguel V, Alcalde-Estévez E, Sirera B, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Lamas S. Metabolism and bioenergetics in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:85-105. [PMID: 38838921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the tissue scarring characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly collagens. A fibrotic response can take place in any tissue of the body and is the result of an imbalanced reaction to inflammation and wound healing. Metabolism has emerged as a major driver of fibrotic diseases. While glycolytic shifts appear to be a key metabolic switch in activated stromal ECM-producing cells, several other cell types such as immune cells, whose functions are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics, form a complex network of pro-fibrotic cellular crosstalk. This review purports to clarify shared and particular cellular responses and mechanisms across organs and etiologies. We discuss the impact of the cell-type specific metabolic reprogramming in fibrotic diseases in both experimental and human pathology settings, providing a rationale for new therapeutic interventions based on metabolism-targeted antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Sirera
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Bao Y, Shan Q, Lu K, Yang Q, Liang Y, Kuang H, Wang L, Hao M, Peng M, Zhang S, Cao G. Renal tubular epithelial cell quality control mechanisms as therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100933. [PMID: 39247486 PMCID: PMC11377145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a devastating consequence of progressive chronic kidney disease, representing a major public health challenge worldwide. The underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis remain unclear, and effective treatments are still lacking. Renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) maintain kidney function, and their dysfunction has emerged as a critical contributor to renal fibrosis. Cellular quality control comprises several components, including telomere homeostasis, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis (mitophagy and mitochondrial metabolism), endoplasmic reticulum (ER, unfolded protein response), and lysosomes. Failures in the cellular quality control of RTECs, including DNA, protein, and organelle damage, exert profibrotic functions by leading to senescence, defective autophagy, ER stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, apoptosis, fibroblast activation, and immune cell recruitment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of quality control components and intercellular crosstalk networks in RTECs, within the context of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Keda Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haodan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shuosheng Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Kong X, Tao S, Ji Z, Li J, Li H, Jin J, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhao F, Chen J, Feng Z, Chen B, Shan Z. FATP2 regulates osteoclastogenesis by increasing lipid metabolism and ROS production. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:737-752. [PMID: 38477781 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis, particularly in osteoclasts (OCs) formation. Here, we found that the expression level of FATP2, a transporter for long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids, was significantly upregulated during OC differentiation and in the bone marrow of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Notably, the use of FATP2 siRNA or a specific inhibitor (Lipofermata) resulted in significant inhibition of OC differentiation, while only slightly affecting osteoblasts. In pathological models of bone loss induced by LPS or ovariectomy, in vivo treatment with Lipofermata was able to rescue the loss of bone mass by inhibiting OC differentiation. RNA sequencing revealed that Lipofermata reduced fatty acid β-oxidation and inhibited energy metabolism, while regulating ROS metabolism to decrease ROS production, ultimately inhibiting OC differentiation. Treatment with Lipofermata, either in vivo or in vitro, effectively rescued the overactivation of OCs, indicating that FATP2 regulated OC differentiation by modulating fatty acid uptake and energy metabolism. These findings suggested that targeting FATP2 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for pathological osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyue Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayan Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binhui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Liu T, Wu Y, Wang L, Ding S, Hou B, Zhao H, Liu W, Li P. Lipid homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3710-3724. [PMID: 39113692 PMCID: PMC11302873 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is crucial for proper cellular and systemic functions. A growing number of studies confirm the importance of lipid homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Lipotoxicity caused by imbalance in renal lipid homeostasis can further exasperate renal injury. Large lipid deposits and lipid droplet accumulation are present in the kidneys of DKD patients. Autophagy plays a critical role in DKD lipid homeostasis and is involved in the regulation of lipid content. Inhibition or reduction of autophagy can lead to lipid accumulation, which in turn further affects autophagy. Lipophagy selectively recognizes and degrades lipids and helps to regulate cellular lipid metabolism and maintain intracellular lipid homeostasis. Therefore, we provide a systematic review of fatty acid, cholesterol, and sphingolipid metabolism, and discuss the responses of different renal intrinsic cells to imbalances in lipid homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the mechanism by which autophagy, especially lipophagy, maintains lipid homeostasis to support the development of new DKD drugs targeting lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoluo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Lu L, Li J, Zheng Y, Luo L, Huang Y, Hu J, Chen Y. High expression of SLC27A2 predicts unfavorable prognosis and promotes inhibitory immune infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101952. [PMID: 38640787 PMCID: PMC11053221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 27 member 2 (SLC27A2) is involved in fatty acid metabolism in tumors and represents a prospective target for cancer therapy. However, the role and mechanism of action of SLC27A2 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the intrinsic associations between SLC27A2 and ALL and evaluate the prognostic significance, biological functions, and correlation with immune infiltration. We used the transcriptome and clinical data from the TARGET dataset. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SLC27A2 low- and high-expression groups were analyzed for prognostic implications and functional enrichment. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between SLC27A2 gene expression and immune cell infiltration using the ESTIMATE method, which was evaluated using the TIGER platform. Finally, we knocked down SLC27A2 in the Jurkat ALL cell line and conducted cell proliferation, western blotting, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assays to elucidate the biological function of SLC27A2 in ALL. Patients with ALL who have higher expression levels of SLC27A2 have poorer overall survival and event-free survival. According to gene set enrichment analysis, the DEGs were primarily enriched with immune system processes and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. There was an inverse relationship between SLC27A2 expression and immune cell invasion, suggesting involvement of the former in tumor immune evasion. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of SLC27A2 inhibited cell proliferation and protein expression and altered the Akt pathway, with a reduced proportion of B cells. In conclusion, SLC27A2 plays a vital role in the development of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yongzhi Zheng
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Luting Luo
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou 362000, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
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9
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Lee LE, Doke T, Mukhi D, Susztak K. The key role of altered tubule cell lipid metabolism in kidney disease development. Kidney Int 2024; 106:24-34. [PMID: 38614389 PMCID: PMC11193624 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Kidney epithelial cells have very high energy requirements, which are largely met by fatty acid oxidation. Complex changes in lipid metabolism are observed in patients with kidney disease. Defects in fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid uptake, especially in the context of hyperlipidemia and proteinuria, contribute to this excess lipid build-up and exacerbate kidney disease development. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of increased de novo lipogenesis in kidney fibrosis. The defect in fatty acid oxidation causes energy starvation. Increased lipid uptake, synthesis, and lower fatty acid oxidation can cause toxic lipid build-up, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial damage. A better understanding of these metabolic processes may open new treatment avenues for kidney diseases by targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Lee
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Kidney Innovation Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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10
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Zhou S, Taskintuna K, Hum J, Gulati J, Olaya S, Steinman J, Golestaneh N. PGC-1α repression dysregulates lipid metabolism and induces lipid droplet accumulation in retinal pigment epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:385. [PMID: 38824126 PMCID: PMC11144268 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Drusen, the yellow deposits under the retina, are composed of lipids and proteins, and represent a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lipid droplets are also reported in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from AMD donor eyes. However, the mechanisms underlying these disease phenotypes remain elusive. Previously, we showed that Pgc-1α repression, combined with a high-fat diet (HFD), induce drastic AMD-like phenotypes in mice. We also reported increased PGC-1α acetylation and subsequent deactivation in the RPE derived from AMD donor eyes. Here, through a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, we sought to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which PGC-1α repression could influence RPE and retinal function. We show that PGC-1α plays an important role in RPE and retinal lipid metabolism and function. In mice, repression of Pgc-1α alone induced RPE and retinal degeneration and drusen-like deposits. In vitro inhibition of PGC1A by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human RPE (ARPE19- PGC1A KO) affected the expression of genes responsible for lipid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), fatty acid transport, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol biosynthesis, and cholesterol efflux. Moreover, inhibition of PGC1A in RPE cells caused lipid droplet accumulation and lipid peroxidation. ARPE19-PGC1A KO cells also showed reduced mitochondrial biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activity, reduced antioxidant enzymes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of cardiolipin, and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate the crucial role of PGC-1α in regulating lipid metabolism. They provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in lipid and drusen accumulation in the RPE and retina during aging and AMD, which may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Kaan Taskintuna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jacob Hum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jasmine Gulati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Stephanie Olaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jeremy Steinman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Nady Golestaneh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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11
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Wang Y, Chen X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Xia L, Jiang J, Chai Y, Wang Z, Wan Y, Li T, Jin F, Li H. SLC27A2 is a potential immune biomarker for hematological tumors and significantly regulates the cell cycle progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:105. [PMID: 38664735 PMCID: PMC11046844 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the fatty acid metabolism related gene SLC27A2 is currently mainly focused on solid tumors, and its mechanism of action in hematological tumors has not been reported. METHOD This study aims to explore the pathological and immune mechanisms of the fatty acid metabolism related gene SLC27A2 in hematological tumors and verify its functional role in hematological tumors through cell experiments to improve treatment decisions and clinical outcomes of hematological tumors. RESULT This study identified the fatty acid metabolism related gene SLC27A2 as a common differentially expressed gene between DLBCL and AML. Immune microenvironment analysis showed that SLC27A2 was significantly positively correlated with T cell CD4 + , T cell CD8 + , endothelial cells, macrophages, and NK cells in DLBCL. In AML, there is a significant negative correlation between SLC27A2 and B cells, T cell CD8 + , and macrophages. SLC27A2 participates in the immune process of hematological tumors through T cell CD8 + and macrophages. The GESA results indicate that high expression of SLC27A2 is mainly involved in the fatty acid pathway, immune pathway, and cell cycle pathway of DLBCL. The low expression of SLC27A2 is mainly involved in the immune pathway of AML. Therefore, SLC27A2 is mainly involved in the pathological mechanisms of hematological tumors through immune pathways, and cell experiments have also confirmed that SLC27A2 is involved in the regulation of DLBCL cells. CONCLUSION In summary, our research results comprehensively report for the first time the mechanism of action of SLC27A2 in the immune microenvironment of DLBCL and AML, and for the first time verify the cycle and apoptotic effects of the fatty acid related gene SLC27A2 in DLBCL cells through cell experiments. Research can help improve the treatment of AML and DLBCL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Cell Cycle
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Graduate School Internal Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Li
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China
- Department of Scientific Research Project, Wuhan Kindstar Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixue Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Ji'an Central Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Leiming Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuqin Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Malignancies, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengbo Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical, Anhui, China.
- Graduate School Internal Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China.
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12
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Makhammajanov Z, Gaipov A, Myngbay A, Bukasov R, Aljofan M, Kanbay M. Tubular toxicity of proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:589-599. [PMID: 37791392 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a well-established biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a risk predictor of associated disease outcomes. Proteinuria is also a driver of CKD progression toward end-stage kidney disease. Toxic effects of filtered proteins on proximal tubular epithelial cells enhance tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The extent of protein toxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for tubular injury during proteinuria remain unclear. Nevertheless, albumin elicits its toxic effects when degraded and reabsorbed by proximal tubular epithelial cells. Overall, healthy kidneys excrete over 1000 individual proteins, which may be potentially harmful to proximal tubular epithelial cells when filtered and/or reabsorbed in excess. Proteinuria can cause kidney damage, inflammation and fibrosis by increasing reactive oxygen species, autophagy dysfunction, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, endoplasmic reticulum stress and complement activation. Here we summarize toxic proteins reported in proteinuria and the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of toxicity of proteins on proximal tubular epithelial cells leading to CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Askhat Myngbay
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Wang R, Zhang J, Ren H, Qi S, Xie L, Xie H, Shang Z, Liu C. Dysregulated palmitic acid metabolism promotes the formation of renal calcium-oxalate stones through ferroptosis induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids/phosphatidic acid. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:85. [PMID: 38345762 PMCID: PMC10861707 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of renal calcium-oxalate (CaOx) stones is complex and influenced by various metabolic factors. In parallel, palmitic acid (PA) has been identified as an upregulated lipid metabolite in the urine and serum of patients with renal CaOx stones via untargeted metabolomics. Thus, this study aimed to mechanistically assess whether PA is involved in stone formation. Lipidomics analysis of PA-treated renal tubular epithelial cells compared with the control samples revealed that α-linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were desaturated and elongated, resulting in the formation of downstream polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In correlation, the levels of fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2 (FADS1 and FADS2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in these cells treated with PA were increased relative to the control levels, suggesting that PA-induced upregulation of PPARα, which in turn upregulated these two enzymes, forming the observed PUFAs. Lipid peroxidation occurred in these downstream PUFAs under oxidative stress and Fenton Reaction. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis revealed significant changes in the expression levels of ferroptosis-related genes in PA-treated renal tubular epithelial cells, induced by PUFA peroxides. In addition, phosphatidyl ethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1) formed a complex with 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) to exacerbate PUFA peroxidation under protein kinase C ζ (PKC ζ) phosphorylation, and PKC ζ was activated by phosphatidic acid derived from PA. In conclusion, this study found that the formation of renal CaOx stones is promoted by ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells resulting from PA-induced dysregulation of PUFA and phosphatidic acid metabolism, and PA can promote the renal adhesion and deposition of CaOx crystals by injuring renal tubular epithelial cells, consequently upregulating adhesion molecules. Accordingly, this study provides a new theoretical basis for understanding the correlation between fatty acid metabolism and the formation of renal CaOx stones, offering potential targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haotian Ren
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyong Qi
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linguo Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijie Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Patera F, Gatticchi L, Cellini B, Chiasserini D, Reboldi G. Kidney Fibrosis and Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Pathways to New Pharmacological Opportunities. Biomolecules 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38275766 PMCID: PMC10813764 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis, diffused into the interstitium, vessels, and glomerulus, is the main pathologic feature associated with loss of renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fibrosis may be triggered in kidney diseases by different genetic and molecular insults. However, several studies have shown that fibrosis can be linked to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD. In this review, we will focus on three pathways that link oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis, namely: (i) hyperglycemia and mitochondrial energy imbalance, (ii) the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway, and (iii) the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. We selected these pathways because they are targeted by available medications capable of reducing kidney fibrosis, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and HIF-1alpha-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. These drugs have shown a reduction in oxidative stress in the kidney and a reduced collagen deposition across different CKD subtypes. However, there is still a long and winding road to a clear understanding of the anti-fibrotic effects of these compounds in humans, due to the inherent practical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sequential kidney biopsies and the lack of specific fibrosis biomarkers measurable in easily accessible matrices like urine. In this narrative review, we will describe these three pathways, their interconnections, and their link to and activity in oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Patera
- Division of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.)
| | - Gianpaolo Reboldi
- Division of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (B.C.)
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15
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Hou Y, Tan E, Shi H, Ren X, Wan X, Wu W, Chen Y, Niu H, Zhu G, Li J, Li Y, Wang L. Mitochondrial oxidative damage reprograms lipid metabolism of renal tubular epithelial cells in the diabetic kidney. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:23. [PMID: 38200266 PMCID: PMC10781825 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The functional and structural changes in the proximal tubule play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Diabetes-induced metabolic changes, including lipid metabolism reprogramming, are reported to lead to changes in the state of tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and among all the disturbances in metabolism, mitochondria serve as central regulators. Mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), is considered one of the primary factors causing diabetic tubular injury. Most studies have discussed how altered metabolic flux drives mitochondrial oxidative stress during DKD. In the present study, we focused on targeting mitochondrial damage as an upstream factor in metabolic abnormalities under diabetic conditions in TECs. Using SS31, a tetrapeptide that protects the mitochondrial cristae structure, we demonstrated that mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to TEC injury and lipid peroxidation caused by lipid accumulation. Mitochondria protected using SS31 significantly reversed the decreased expression of key enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), but had no obvious effect on major glucose metabolic rate-limiting enzymes. Mitochondrial oxidative stress facilitated renal Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) deposition and SS31 limited the elevated Acer1, S1pr1 and SPHK1 activity, and the decreased Spns2 expression. These data suggest a role of mitochondrial oxidative damage in unbalanced lipid metabolism, including lipid droplet (LD) formulation, lipid peroxidation, and impaired FAO and sphingolipid homeostasis in DKD. An in vitro study demonstrated that high glucose drove elevated expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which, in turn, was responsible for the altered lipid metabolism, including LD generation and S1P accumulation, in HK-2 cells. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant inhibited the activation of cPLA2f isoforms. Taken together, these findings identify mechanistic links between mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and reprogrammed lipid metabolism in diabetic TECs, and provide further evidence for the nephroprotective effects of SS31 via influencing metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Enxue Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Honghong Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Xiayu Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hiumin Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
- Department of Nephrology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Guozhen Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030000, China.
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16
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Zheng B, Lu D, Chen X, Yin Y, Chen W, Wang X, Lin H, Xu P, Wu A, Liu B. Tripterygium glycosides improve abnormal lipid deposition in nephrotic syndrome rat models. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2182617. [PMID: 36876728 PMCID: PMC10013393 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2182617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tripterygium glycosides (TGs) on regulating abnormal lipid deposition in nephrotic syndrome (NS) rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with 6 mg/kg doxorubicin to construct nephrotic syndrome models (n = 6 per group), and then administered with TGs (10 mg/kg·d-1), prednisone (6.3 mg/kg·d-1), or pure water for 5 weeks. Biomedical indexes, such as urine protein/creatinine ratio (PCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum albumin (SA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC)were investigated to evaluate the renal injury of rats. H&E staining experiment was used to assess the pathological alterations. Oil Red O staining was used to assess the level of renal lipid deposition. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured to assess the extent of oxidative damage to the kidney. TUNEL staining was used to assess the status of apoptosis in the kidney. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the levels of relevant intracellular signaling molecules. RESULTS After treatment with TGs, those tested biomedical indexes were significantly improved, and the extent of kidney tissue pathological changes and lipid deposition in the kidney was diminished. Treatment with TGs decreased renal oxidative damage and apoptosis. Regarding the molecular mechanism, TGs significantly increased the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 but decreased the levels of CD36, ADFP, Bax, and Cleaved caspase-3. CONCLUSION TGs alleviates renal injury and lipid deposition induced by doxorubicin, suggesting that it may be a new strategy for reducing renal lipotoxicity in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanmei Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Mitrofanova A, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Kidney lipid dysmetabolism and lipid droplet accumulation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:629-645. [PMID: 37500941 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with rising incidence and prevalence. Among several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for disease progression, lipid accumulation in the kidney parenchyma might drive inflammation and fibrosis, as has been described in fatty liver diseases. Lipids and their metabolites have several important structural and functional roles, as they are constituents of cell and organelle membranes, serve as signalling molecules and are used for energy production. However, although lipids can be stored in lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis, lipid accumulation can become pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms linking kidney parenchymal lipid accumulation to CKD of metabolic or non-metabolic origin is challenging, owing to the tremendous variety of lipid species and their functional diversity across different parenchymal cells. Nonetheless, multiple research reports have begun to emphasize the effect of dysregulated kidney lipid metabolism in CKD progression. For example, altered cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism contribute to glomerular and tubular cell injury. Newly developed lipid-targeting agents are being tested in clinical trials in CKD, raising expectations for further therapeutic development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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18
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Miguel V, Kramann R. Metabolic reprogramming heterogeneity in chronic kidney disease. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1154-1163. [PMID: 36723270 PMCID: PMC10315765 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis driven by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Myofibroblasts, which are the cells responsible for ECM production, are activated by cross talk with injured proximal tubule and immune cells. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolism are not only a feature of but also play an influential role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. The application of omics technologies to cell-tracing animal models and follow-up functional data suggest that cell-type-specific metabolic shifts have particular roles in the fibrogenic response. In this review, we cover the main metabolic reprogramming outcomes in renal fibrosis and provide a future perspective on the field of renal fibrometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems BiologyRWTH Aachen University HospitalAachenGermany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems BiologyRWTH Aachen University HospitalAachenGermany
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19
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Bayır H, Dixon SJ, Tyurina YY, Kellum JA, Kagan VE. Ferroptotic mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:315-336. [PMID: 36922653 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a mechanism of regulated necrotic cell death characterized by iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-driven membrane destruction that can be inhibited by glutathione peroxidase 4. Morphologically, it is characterized by cellular, organelle and cytoplasmic swelling and the loss of plasma membrane integrity, with the release of intracellular components. Ferroptosis is triggered in cells with dysregulated iron and thiol redox metabolism, whereby the initial robust but selective accumulation of hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids is further propagated through enzymatic and non-enzymatic secondary mechanisms, leading to formation of oxidatively truncated electrophilic species and their adducts with proteins. Thus, ferroptosis is dependent on the convergence of iron, thiol and lipid metabolic pathways. The kidney is particularly susceptible to redox imbalance. A growing body of evidence has linked ferroptosis to acute kidney injury in the context of diverse stimuli, such as ischaemia-reperfusion, sepsis or toxins, and to chronic kidney disease, suggesting that ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic target for kidney disease. However, further work is needed to address gaps in our understanding of the triggers, execution and spreading mechanisms of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Departments of Environmental Health, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Chemistry, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Shang K, Ma N, Che J, Li H, Hu J, Sun H, Cao B. SLC27A2 mediates FAO in colorectal cancer through nongenic crosstalk regulation of the PPARs pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:335. [PMID: 37041476 PMCID: PMC10091540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a nuclear hormone receptors superfamily that is closely related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism and tumor progression. Solute carrier family 27 member 2 (SLC27A2) is important for FA transportation and metabolism and is related to cancer progression. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of how PPARs and SLC27A2 regulate FA metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) and find new strategies for CRC treatment. METHODS Biological information analysis was applied to detect the expression and the correlation of PPARs and SLC27A2 in CRC. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) interaction networks were explored by using the STRING database. Uptake experiments and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyse the function and number of peroxisomes and colocalization of FA with peroxisomes, respectively. Western blotting and qRT‒PCR were performed to explore the mechanisms. RESULTS SLC27A2 was overexpressed in CRC. PPARs had different expression levels, and PPARG was significantly highly expressed in CRC. SLC27A2 was correlated with PPARs in CRC. Both SLC27A2 and PPARs were closely related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO)‒related genes. SLC27A2 affected the activity of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily D Member 3 (ABCD3), also named PMP70, the most abundant peroxisomal membrane protein. We found that the ratios of p-Erk/Erk and p-GSK3β/GSK3β were elevated through nongenic crosstalk regulation of the PPARs pathway. CONCLUSIONS SLC27A2 mediates FA uptake and beta-oxidation through nongenic crosstalk regulation of the PPARs pathway in CRC. Targeting SLC27A2/FATP2 or PPARs may provide new insights for antitumour strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Juanjuan Che
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiexuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haolin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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21
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Ren L, Cui H, Wang Y, Ju F, Cai Y, Gang X, Wang G. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114465. [PMID: 36870280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is the dysregulation of the lipid environment and/or intracellular composition that leads to accumulation of harmful lipids and ultimately to organelle dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways, chronic inflammation and cell death. It plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related glomerulopathy, age-related kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, and the like. However, the mechanisms of lipid overload and kidney injury remain poorly understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of lipotoxic kidney injury. First, we analyzed the mechanism of lipid accumulation in the kidney. Accumulating data indicate that the mechanisms of lipid overload in different kidney diseases are inconsistent. Second, we summarize the multiple mechanisms by which lipotoxic species affect the kidney cell behavior, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated autophagy, and inflammation, highlighting the central role of oxidative stress. Blocking the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation in the kidney and the damage of the kidney by lipid overload may be potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and antioxidant drugs may play a pivotal role in the treatment of kidney disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuci District People's Hospital, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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22
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Mohandes S, Doke T, Hu H, Mukhi D, Dhillon P, Susztak K. Molecular pathways that drive diabetic kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:165654. [PMID: 36787250 PMCID: PMC9927939 DOI: 10.1172/jci165654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a major driver of mortality among patients with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is responsible for close to half of all chronic kidney disease cases. DKD usually develops in a genetically susceptible individual as a result of poor metabolic (glycemic) control. Molecular and genetic studies indicate the key role of podocytes and endothelial cells in driving albuminuria and early kidney disease in diabetes. Proximal tubule changes show a strong association with the glomerular filtration rate. Hyperglycemia represents a key cellular stress in the kidney by altering cellular metabolism in endothelial cells and podocytes and by imposing an excess workload requiring energy and oxygen for proximal tubule cells. Changes in metabolism induce early adaptive cellular hypertrophy and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Later, mitochondrial defects contribute to increased oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory pathways, causing progressive kidney function decline and fibrosis. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or the sodium-glucose cotransporter is associated with cellular protection and slowing kidney function decline. Newly identified molecular pathways could provide the basis for the development of much-needed novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Mohandes
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohito Doke
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hailong Hu
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Poonam Dhillon
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine;,Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism;,Department of Genetics; and,Kidney Innovation Center; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Chen Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Chen B, Zhou H, Jiang H. Examination of the emerging role of transporters in the assessment of nephrotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:787-804. [PMID: 36420583 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The kidney is vulnerable to various injuries based on its function in the elimination of many xenobiotics, endogenous substances and metabolites. Since transporters are critical for the renal elimination of those substances, it is urgent to understand the emerging role of transporters in nephrotoxicity. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the contribution of major renal transporters to nephrotoxicity induced by some drugs or toxins; addresses the role of transporter-mediated endogenous metabolic disturbances in nephrotoxicity; and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of in vitro models based on transporter expression and function. EXPERT OPINION Due to the crucial role of transporters in the renal disposition of xenobiotics and endogenous substances, it is necessary to further elucidate their renal transport mechanisms and pay more attention to the underlying relationship between the transport of endogenous substances and nephrotoxicity. Considering the species differences in the expression and function of transporters, and the low expression of transporters in general cell models, in vitro humanized models, such as humanized 3D organoids, shows significant promise in nephrotoxicity prediction and mechanism study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingqiong Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Binxin Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, P.R. China
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24
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The Contribution of Lipotoxicity to Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203236. [PMID: 36291104 PMCID: PMC9601125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism in diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is now increasingly recognized in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis. This review highlights lipotoxicity pathways in the podocyte and proximal tubule cell, which are arguably the two most critical sites in the nephron for DKD. The discussion focuses on membrane transporters and lipid droplets, which represent potential therapeutic targets, as well as current and developing pharmacologic approaches to reduce renal lipotoxicity.
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25
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Tubular Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071356. [PMID: 35883847 PMCID: PMC9311633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are interconnected conditions, and CKD is projected to become the fifth leading global cause of death by 2040. New therapeutic approaches are needed. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have emerged as drivers of kidney injury in acute and chronic settings, promoting the AKI-to-CKD transition. In this work, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in AKI and CKD progression and discuss novel therapeutic approaches. Specifically, evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in diverse models of AKI (nephrotoxicity, cytokine storm, and ischemia-reperfusion injury) and CKD (diabetic kidney disease, glomerulopathies) is discussed; the clinical implications of novel information on the key role of mitochondria-related transcriptional regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, transcription factor EB (PGC-1α, TFEB), and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) in kidney disease are addressed; the current status of the clinical development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are updated; and barriers to the clinical development of mitochondria-targeted interventions are discussed, including the lack of clinical diagnostic tests that allow us to categorize the baseline renal mitochondrial dysfunction/mitochondrial oxidative stress and to monitor its response to therapeutic intervention. Finally, key milestones for further research are proposed.
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26
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Gao Z, Chen X. Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Kidney Diseases: Perspectives on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:805281. [PMID: 35517820 PMCID: PMC9065343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.805281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ and requires a large amount of ATP to maintain its filtration-reabsorption function, and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation serves as the main source of energy to meet its functional needs. Reduced and inefficient fatty acid β-oxidation is thought to be a major mechanism contributing to kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. PPARα, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-β/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid β-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases. Here, we disentangle the lipid metabolism regulation properties and potential mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles, and emphasize the role of mesenchymal stem cells on lipid metabolism. This review aims to highlight the important role of fatty acid β-oxidation in the progression of kidney diseases, and to explore the fatty acid β-oxidation effects and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Liu Y, Chen S, Yu L, Deng Y, Li D, Yu X, Chen D, Lu Y, Liu S, Chen R. Pemafibrate attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108728. [PMID: 35397395 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality despite advances in medical therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play important roles in the fibrosis-related diseases and their agonists may become effective therapeutic targets. Pemafibrate is a selective PPARα agonist, but the efficacy against pulmonary fibrosis and mechanisms involved have not been systematically evaluated. Thus, the aims of this study were to explore the role of PPARα in the pulmonary fibrosis and to assess the effect of pemafibrate in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The effects of pemafibrate were evaluated in bleomycin-challenged murine pulmonary fibrosis model and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulated lung fibroblasts. RESULTS Bleomycin instillation induced body weight loss, declined lung function, pulmonary fibrosis, and extensive collagen deposition in the mice, accompanied with decreased pulmonary expression of PPARα, all of which were partially improved by pemafibrate at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Besides, pemafibrate effectively inhibits TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that pemafibrate not only inhibited pulmonary expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 in bleomycin-inhaled mice, but also repressed activation of NLRP3/caspase-1 axis in TGF-β1 stimulated lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that pemafibrate exerts a marked protection against from the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which could constitute a novel candidate for the treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Difei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
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28
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Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
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29
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Zhu X, Jiang L, Long M, Wei X, Hou Y, Du Y. Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746920. [PMID: 34859009 PMCID: PMC8630632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Feng K, Ma R, Li H, Yin K, Du G, Chen X, Liu Z, Yin D. Upregulated SLC27A2/FATP2 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma promotes tumor proliferation and migration. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24148. [PMID: 34854499 PMCID: PMC8761402 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for the vast majority of thyroid cancer (TC) cases. The rapidly increasing incidence of TC requires the urgent identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Solute carrier family 27 member 2 (SLC27A2/FATP2) plays an essential role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid transport. Recent studies have confirmed its involvement in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Methods In this study, the expression of SLC27A2 was analyzed in cancer and paracancerous tissue samples from 98 thyroid cancer patients, and we performed ROC analysis to confirm the diagnostic value. CCK8, Transwell, and other methods were used to study its effect on DTC, and the mechanism of SLC27A2 was investigated by RNA sequencing and Western blot. Results The expression of SLC27A2 was upregulated in both DTC tissues and cell lines and was correlated with clinical progression. In vitro studies further confirmed that SLC27A2 knockdown attenuated the proliferation and invasion of DTC cells. Through RNA sequence analysis and gene set enrichment analysis, we found that the MAPK pathway is the main downstream signaling pathway for the regulation by SLC27A2. SLC27A2 affects cell proliferation and differentiation by inducing changes in the proto‐oncogene C‐FOS. Conclusions Our results show that SLC27A2 plays an important role in tumor proliferation and migration, providing a new putative target for the diagnosis and treatment of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runsheng Ma
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyu Yin
- College of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gongbo Du
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, Key Discipline Laboratory of Clinical Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
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Hwang S, Chung KW. Targeting fatty acid metabolism for fibrotic disorders. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:839-856. [PMID: 34664210 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix, which can affect virtually every organ system under diseased conditions. Fibrotic tissue remodeling often leads to organ dysfunction and is highly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and the medical need for effective antifibrotic therapies is essential. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism and pathobiology of fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated signaling pathways. However, owing to the complex and dynamic properties of fibrotic disorders, there are currently no therapeutic options that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that alterations in fatty acid metabolic processes are common mechanisms and core pathways that play a central role in different fibrotic disorders. Excessive lipid accumulation or defective fatty acid oxidation is associated with increased lipotoxicity, which directly contributes to the development of fibrosis. Genetic alterations or pharmacologic targeting of fatty acid metabolic processes have great potential for the inhibition of fibrosis development. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have revealed active interactions between altered metabolic processes and fibrosis development. Several well-known fibrotic factors change the lipid metabolic processes, while altered metabolic processes actively participate in fibrosis development. This review summarizes the recent evidence linking fatty acid metabolism and fibrosis, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases for the development of drugs for fibrosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Lipid Disorders in NAFLD and Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101405. [PMID: 34680522 PMCID: PMC8533451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver dysfunction and is characterized by exaggerated lipid accumulation, inflammation and even fibrosis. It has been shown that NAFLD increases the risk of other chronic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipid in excess could lead to liver and kidney lesions and even end-stage disease through diverse pathways. Dysregulation of lipid uptake, oxidation or de novo lipogenesis contributes to the toxic effects of ectopic lipids which promotes the development and progression of NAFLD and CKD via triggering oxidative stress, apoptosis, pro-inflammatory and profibrotic responses. Importantly, dyslipidemia and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by NAFLD (specifically, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) are considered to play important roles in the pathological progression of CKD. Growing evidence of similarities between the pathogenic mechanisms of NAFLD and those of CKD has attracted attention and urged researchers to discover their common therapeutic targets. Here, we summarize the current understanding of molecular aberrations underlying the lipid metabolism of NAFLD and CKD and clinical evidence that suggests the relevance of these pathways in humans. This review also highlights the orchestrated inter-organ cross-talk in lipid disorders, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities to counteract NAFLD and CKD.
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Pre-emptive pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4 attenuates kidney fibrosis by reprogramming tubular lipid metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:572. [PMID: 34083513 PMCID: PMC8175732 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression that is caused by tubular injury and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Genetic abolition fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key lipid transporter, has been reported to suppress kidney interstitial fibrosis. However, the role and underlying mechanism of chemical inhibition of FABP4 in fibrotic kidney have not been well-documented. Here, we examined preemptive the effect of a FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403, on lipid metabolism of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and progression of kidney fibrosis. The expression of FABP4 was significantly elevated, concomitated with the accumulation of lipid droplets in TECs during kidney fibrosis. Treatment with BMS309403 alleviated lipid deposition of TECs, as well as interstitial fibrotic responses both in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-engaged mice and TGF-β-induced TECs. Moreover, BMS309403 administration enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in TECs by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and restoring FAO-related enzyme activities; In addition, BMS309403 markedly reduced cell lipotoxicity, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in fibrotic kidney. Taken together, our results suggest that preemptive pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 by BMS309403 rebalances abnormal lipid metabolism in TECs and attenuates the progression of kidney fibrosis, thus may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Yang Y, Zeng QS, Zou M, Zeng J, Nie J, Chen D, Gan HT. Targeting Gremlin 1 Prevents Intestinal Fibrosis Progression by Inhibiting the Fatty Acid Oxidation of Fibroblast Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663774. [PMID: 33967807 PMCID: PMC8100665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a consequence of continuous inflammatory responses that negatively affect the quality of life of patients. By screening altered proteomic profiles of mouse fibrotic colon tissues, we identified that GREM1 was dramatically upregulated in comparison to that in normal tissues. Functional experiments revealed that GREM1 promoted the proliferation and activation of intestinal fibroblast cells by enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Blocking GREM1 prevented the progression of intestinal fibrosis in vivo. Mechanistic research revealed that GREM1 acted as a ligand for VEGFR2 and triggered downstream MAPK signaling. This facilitated the expression of FAO-related genes, consequently enhancing fatty acid oxidation. Taken together, our data indicated that targeting GREM1 could represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Shan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Nie
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - DongFeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Tian Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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