1
|
Song J, Wang M, Zhou L, Tian P, Sun J, Sun Z, Guo C, Wu Y, Zhang G. A novel conserved B-cell epitope in pB602L of African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:78. [PMID: 38194141 PMCID: PMC10776737 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex DNA virus and the only member of the Asfarviridae family. It causes high mortality and severe economic losses in pigs. The ASFV pB602L protein plays a key role in virus assembly and functions as a molecular chaperone of the major capsid protein p72. In addition, pB602L is an important target for the development of diagnostic tools for African swine fever (ASF) because it is a highly immunogenic antigen against ASFV. In this study, we expressed and purified ASFV pB602L and validated its immunogenicity in serum from naturally infected pigs with ASFV. Furthermore, we successfully generated an IgG2a κ subclass monoclonal antibody (mAb 7E7) against pB602L using hybridoma technology. Using western blot and immunofluorescence assays, mAb 7E7 specifically recognized the ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018/strain and eukaryotic recombinant ASFV pB602L protein in vitro. The 474SKENLTPDE482 epitope in the ASFV pB602L C-terminus was identified as the minimal linear epitope for mAb 7E7 binding, with dozens of truncated pB602l fragments characterized by western blot assay. We also showed that this antigenic epitope sequence has a high conservation and antigenic index. Our study contributes to improved vaccine and antiviral development and provides new insights into the serologic diagnosis of ASF. KEY POINTS: • We developed a monoclonal antibody against ASFV pB602L, which can specifically recognize the ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018/ strain. • This study found one novel conserved B-cell epitope 474SKENLTPDE482. • In the 3D structure, 474SKENLTPDE482 is exposed on the surface of ASFV pB602L, forming a curved linear structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Song
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Panpan Tian
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junru Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhuoya Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenyun Guo
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song X, Bao L, Feng C, Huang Q, Zhang F, Gao X, Han R. Accurate Prediction of Protein Structural Flexibility by Deep Learning Integrating Intricate Atomic Structures and Cryo-EM Density Information. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5538. [PMID: 38956032 PMCID: PMC11219796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of proteins are crucial for understanding their mechanisms. However, computationally predicting protein dynamic information has proven challenging. Here, we propose a neural network model, RMSF-net, which outperforms previous methods and produces the best results in a large-scale protein dynamics dataset; this model can accurately infer the dynamic information of a protein in only a few seconds. By learning effectively from experimental protein structure data and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data integration, our approach is able to accurately identify the interactive bidirectional constraints and supervision between cryo-EM maps and PDB models in maximizing the dynamic prediction efficacy. Rigorous 5-fold cross-validation on the dataset demonstrates that RMSF-net achieves test correlation coefficients of 0.746 ± 0.127 at the voxel level and 0.765 ± 0.109 at the residue level, showcasing its ability to deliver dynamic predictions closely approximating molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, it offers real-time dynamic inference with minimal storage overhead on the order of megabytes. RMSF-net is a freely accessible tool and is anticipated to play an essential role in the study of protein dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Song
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- BioMap Research, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chenjie Feng
- College of Medical Information and Engineering, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fa Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Renmin Han
- Research Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Nonlinear Expectations), Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- BioMap Research, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Liu Q, Li L, Zhang R, Chang Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Zhao X, Chen X, Sun Y, Zhao Q. Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies. Virol Sin 2024; 39:478-489. [PMID: 38588947 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in pigs. The primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected pig. Recently, a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene (CD2v-deleted) has been reported in China, which further complicates the control of ASFV infection in pig farms. Furthermore, an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate strain. Therefore, it is crucial to develop detection methods that can distinguish wild-type and EP402R-deleted ASFV infections. In this study, two recombinant ASFV-p72 and -CD2v proteins were expressed using a prokaryotic system and used to immunize Bactrian camels. Subsequently, eight nanobodies against ASFV-p72 and ten nanobodies against ASFV-CD2v were screened. Following the production of these nanobodies with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) fusion proteins, the ASFV-p72-Nb2-HRP and ASFV-CD2v-Nb22-HRP fusions were selected for the development of two competitive ELISAs (cELISAs) to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The two cELISAs exhibited high sensitivity, good specificity, repeatability, and stability. The coincidence rate between the two cELISAs and commercial ELISA kits was 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. Collectively, the two cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV demonstrated ease of operation, a low cost, and a simple production process. The two cELISAs could determine whether pigs were infected with wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV, and could play an important role in monitoring ASFV infections in pig farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liuya Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yueting Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin D, Shi B, Geng R, Liu Y, Gong L, Shao H, Qian K, Chen H, Qin A. Function investigation of p11.5 in ASFV infection. Virol Sin 2024; 39:469-477. [PMID: 38789040 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Virus replication relies on complex interactions between viral proteins. In the case of African swine fever virus (ASFV), only a few such interactions have been identified so far. In this study, we demonstrate that ASFV protein p72 interacts with p11.5 using co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It was found that protein p72 interacts specifically with p11.5 at sites amino acids (aa) 1-216 of p72 and aa 1-68 of p11.5. To assess the importance of p11.5 in ASFV infection, we developed a recombinant virus (ASFVGZΔA137R) by deleting the A137R gene from the ASFVGZ genome. Compared with ASFVGZ, the infectious progeny virus titers of ASFVGZΔA137R were reduced by approximately 1.0 logs. In addition, we demonstrated that the growth defect was partially attributable to a higher genome copies-to-infectious virus titer ratios produced in ASFVGZΔA137R-infected MA104 cells than in those infected with ASFVGZ. This finding suggests that MA104 cells infected with ASFVGZΔA137R may generate larger quantities of noninfectious particles. Importantly, we found that p11.5 did not affect virus-cell binding or endocytosis. Collectively, we show for the first time the interaction between ASFV p72 and p11.5. Our results effectively provide the relevant information of the p11.5 protein. These results extend our understanding of complex interactions between viral proteins, paving the way for further studies of the potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of ASFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Renhao Geng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lang Gong
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Jiangsu 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Wang L, Qiu X, Yang X, Zhu W, Lv L, Kang Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Du Y, Wang X, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Advancing vaccine development: Evaluation of a mannose-modified lipid nanoparticle-based candidate for African swine fever p30 mRNA vaccine eliciting robust immune response in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132432. [PMID: 38761609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to pose significant economic and pandemic risks. Consequently, discovering new, efficient vaccines is crucial. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as promising candidates, providing minimal risk of insertional mutagenesis, high safety profiles, effectiveness, rapid scalability in production, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we have developed an ASF p30 mRNA vaccine candidate (mRNA/Man-LNP) employing mannose-modified lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The mRNA/Man-LNP exhibited effective antigen presentation and facilitated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. Notably, it elicited strong IgG titers and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in immunized mice, all while adhering to stringent biosafety standards. This investigation demonstrates that mRNA/Man-LNP can trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting its potential as a potent and promising vaccine candidate for controlling African swine fever (ASF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lucai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangqi Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xilong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunzhe Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuannian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Wang C, Yu J, Ma F, Liu J, Tan J, Qu G. Development of a quantum dots based immunochromatographic strip for rapid and on-site detection of African swine fever virus. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106669. [PMID: 38697231 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV), severely impacting the global swine industry. Though nuclear acid-based detection methods are reliable, they are laboratory-dependent. In this study, we developed a device-independent, user friendly and cost-effective quantum dots based immunochromatographic strip (QDs-ICS) with high specificity and sensitivity for the rapid and on-site detection of ASFV antigen. For the preparation of the QDs-ICS, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) mAb-8G8 and polyclonal antibody (pAb) against ASFV-p72 protein. The pAb was labelled with QDs to be used as the detection probe and the mAb-8G8 was coated on the nitrocellulose membrane as the test line. Our results proved that the strip displayed no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses and detection limit of the QDs-ICS was down to 1 ng/mL for the ASFV-p72 protein with great reproducibility. The strip also exhibited high stability with a storage period up to 12 months under room temperature. Twenty blind samples and one hundred clinical samples were examined by the QDs-ICS, conventional PCR and real-time PCR method, respectively. Results showed that the agreement rate between the QDs-ICS and PCR method was 100%, and the agreement rate between the strip and real-time PCR was 94%. The novel QDs-ICS developed here would be an effective tool for on-site detection of ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinzhi Yu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Shandong Lvdu Bio-science & Technology Co., Ltd, Binzhou, China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Si XY, Wang XG, Yan ZW, Hou HY, You LQ, Chen YL, Zhang AK, Wang N, Sun AJ, Du YK, Zhang GP. Preparation and epitope analysis of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus DP96R protein. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:191. [PMID: 38734611 PMCID: PMC11088100 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many proteins of African swine fever virus (ASFV, such as p72, p54, p30, CD2v, K205R) have been successfully expressed and characterized. However, there are few reports on the DP96R protein of ASFV, which is the virulence protein of ASFV and plays an important role in the process of host infection and invasion of ASFV. RESULTS Firstly, the prokaryotic expression vector of DP96R gene was constructed, the prokaryotic system was used to induce the expression of DP96R protein, and monoclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing mice. Four monoclonal cells of DP96R protein were obtained by three ELISA screening and two sub-cloning; the titer of ascites antibody was up to 1:500,000, and the monoclonal antibody could specifically recognize DP96R protein. Finally, the subtypes of the four strains of monoclonal antibodies were identified and the minimum epitopes recognized by them were determined. CONCLUSION Monoclonal antibody against ASFV DP96R protein was successfully prepared and identified, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the structure and function of DP96R protein and ASFV diagnostic technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuan-Ying Si
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yan
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hao-Yu Hou
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Long-Qi You
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yin-Long Chen
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ang-Ke Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong-Kun Du
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- National and International Joint Research Center for Animal Immunology, College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Y, Zhai W, Wang Z, He Y, Tao C, Chu Y, Pang Z, Zhu H, Jia H. Analysis of the Immunogenicity of African Swine Fever F317L Protein and Screening of T Cell Epitopes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 38731330 PMCID: PMC11083013 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes numerous proteins characterized by complex immune escape mechanisms. At present, the structure and function of these proteins, including the F317L protein, have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of the F317L protein. Mice were subcutaneously immunized with the F317L protein using initial and subsequent booster doses, and, at the 28th day post-treatment, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses of mice. The F317L protein stimulated production of specific antibodies and activated humoral immune responses. In addition, F317L stimulated the production of large amounts of IFN-γ by splenic lymphocytes, thereby activating cellular immune responses. Using informatics technology, we predicted and synthesized 29 F317L protein T cell epitopes, which were screened using IFN-γ ELISpot. Among these, the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide was identified as having a stronger stimulatory effect than the full-length protein. Collectively, our findings revealed that the ASFV F317L protein can stimulate both strong humoral and cellular immunity in mice, and that the F25 (246SRRSLVNPWT255) peptide may be a potential active T cell epitope. These findings will provide a reference for further in-depth studies of the F317L protein and screening of antigenic epitopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenzhu Zhai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuheng He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhao Tao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Chu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongbao Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (W.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang A, Chen Z, Zhou J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Liang C, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Xin C, Wei J, Zhang B, Tang X, Lu M, Qi Y, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against p37 protein of African swine fever virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130689. [PMID: 38458287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen posing a serious threat to the global swine industry. Despite this, there is currently no effective vaccine against this virus. Within ASFV's core shell structure, p37, a product of polyprotein pp220, shares sequence similarity with SUMO-1 proteases. Localization studies show p37 in various nuclear regions during early infection, shifting to the cytoplasm later on. Research indicates active export of p37 from the nucleus, mediated by CRM1-dependent and -independent pathways. Hydrophobic amino acids in p37 are crucial for these pathways, highlighting their importance throughout the ASFV replication cycle. Additionally, p37 serves as the first nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein encoded by ASFV, participating in the intranuclear material transport process during ASFV infection of host cells. In this study, we successfully screened five murine monoclonal antibodies targeting p37. Through the truncated expression method, we identified four dominant antigenic epitopes of p37 for the first time. Furthermore, utilizing alanine scanning technology, we determined the key amino acid residues for each epitope. This research not only provides essential information for a deeper understanding of the protein's function but also establishes a significant theoretical foundation for the design and development of ASFV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhuting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cheng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueyuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengjun Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Immunobiology, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tian P, Sun Z, Wang M, Song J, Sun J, Zhou L, Jiang D, Zhang A, Wu Y, Zhang G. Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope on the p30 protein of African swine fever virus using monoclonal antibodies. Virus Res 2024; 341:199328. [PMID: 38262569 PMCID: PMC10839582 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. There are no safe and effective vaccines or diagnostics available. The p30 protein serves as a key target for the detection of ASFV antibodies and is an essential antigenic protein for early serological diagnosis. Here, the p30 protein was purified after being expressed in E. coli and its immunogenicity was verified in sera from pigs naturally infected with ASFV. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody (McAb) designated as McAb 1B4G2-4 (subtype IgG1/kappa-type) was produced and it was verified to specifically recognize the ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018/strain and eukaryotic recombinant ASFV p30 protein. The epitope identified by McAb 1B4G2-4, defining the unique B-cell epitope 164HNFIQTI170, was located using peptide scanning. Comparing amino acid (aa) sequence revealed that this epitope is conserved in all reference ASFV strains from different regions of China, including the highly pathogenic strain Georgia 2007/1 (NC_044959.2) that is widely distributed. It is also exposed to the surface of the p30 protein, suggesting that it could be an important B-cell epitope. Our study may serve as a basis for the development of serological diagnostic methods and subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Tian
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuoya Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinxing Song
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junru Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Shao J, Liu W, Gao S, Peng D, Miao C, Yang S, Hou Z, Zhou G, Qi X, Chang H. A vesicular stomatitis virus-based African swine fever vaccine prototype effectively induced robust immune responses in mice following a single-dose immunization. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1310333. [PMID: 38249478 PMCID: PMC10797088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever disease in pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It is very difficult to control and prevent ASF outbreaks due to the absence of safe and effective vaccines. Methods In order to develop a safe and effective ASF vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF, two ASFV recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) live vector vaccine prototypes, containing the gene of p72, and a chimera of p30 and p54, were developed based on the replication-competent VSV, and named VSV-p72 and VSV-p35. The immune potency of VSV-p72 or VSV-p35 alone and in combination was evaluated in BALB/c mice via intramuscular and intranasal vaccination. Results The results indicated that whether administered alone or in combination, the two vaccine prototypes showed acceptable safety in mice and, more importantly, induced high-level specific antibodies against p72, p30, and p54 of ASFV and a strong cellular immune response 28 days after vaccination. The sera from mice vaccinated with the vaccine prototypes significantly inhibited ASFV from infecting porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in vitro. Most notably, the immunized sera from a mixture of VSV-p35 and VSV-p72 inhibited ASFV from infecting PAMs, with an inhibition rate of up to 78.58%. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that ASFV recombinant VSV live vector vaccine prototypes may become a promising candidate vaccine for the control and prevention of ASF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin J, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhang S, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Establishment and characterization of a novel indirect ELISA method based on ASFV antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127311. [PMID: 37865977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute and highly lethal disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). Viral proteins have been commonly used as antigenic targets for the development of ASF diagnostic methods. However, the prokaryotic expression of viral proteins has deficiencies such as instability, insolubility, and high cost in eukaryotic situations. This study screened and verified ASFV-encoded p72, p54, and p30 protein antigenic epitopes. Subsequently, a novel antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein was designed based on an ideal structural protein and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could specifically react with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) of p72 and polyclonal antibodies of p54 and p30, respectively. Next, an ASF indirect ELISA (iELISA) method was established based on the recombinant protein, which has no specific reaction with sera of other important pig viral diseases. Meanwhile, it shows a sensitivity to detecting dilutions of ASF-positive reference serum up to 1:6400. The clinical sample detection results showed a high coincidence rate of 98 % with a commercial competition ELISA kit. In conclusion, we established a novel specific, and sensitive ASF serologic detection method that opens new avenues for ASF serodiagnostic method development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu Y, Wang A, Yan W, Li J, Meng X, Chen L, Li S, Tong W, Kong N, Yu L, Yu H, Shan T, Xu J, Tong G, Zheng H. Identification of Linear Epitopes in the C-Terminal Region of ASFV p72 Protein. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2846. [PMID: 38137990 PMCID: PMC10746095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever, which is induced by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a significant threat to the global pig industry due to its high lethality in domestic pigs and wild boars. Despite the severity of the disease, there is a lack of effective vaccines and drugs against the ASFV. The p72 protein, constituting 31 to 33% of the total virus particle mass, serves as the primary capsid protein of ASFV. It is a crucial antigen for the development of ASF subunit vaccines and serological diagnostic methods. In this investigation, 27 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated through mouse immunization with the truncated C-terminal p72 protein expressed by Escherichia coli. Among these, six mAbs exhibited binding to the p72 trimer, with their respective recognized epitopes identified as 542VTAHGINLIDKF553, 568GNAIKTP574, and 584FALKPREEY592. All three epitopes were situated within the interval sequences of functional units of the C-terminal jelly-roll barrel of p72. Notably, two epitopes, 568GNAIKTP574 and 584FALKPREEY592, were internal to the p72 trimer, while the epitope 542VTAHGINLIDKF553 was exposed on the surface of the trimer and consistently conserved across all ASFV genotypes. These findings enhance our comprehension of the antigenic function and structure of the p72 protein, facilitating the utilization of p72 in the development of diagnostic techniques for ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Anchen Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Wanwan Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Junbo Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Songnan Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Jiaping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China;
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.H.); (A.W.); (W.Y.); (J.L.); (X.M.); (L.C.); (S.L.); (W.T.); (N.K.); (L.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.S.); (G.T.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song J, Wang M, Zhou L, Tian P, Sun Z, Sun J, Wang X, Zhuang G, Jiang D, Wu Y, Zhang G. A candidate nanoparticle vaccine comprised of multiple epitopes of the African swine fever virus elicits a robust immune response. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:424. [PMID: 37964304 PMCID: PMC10647103 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever (ASF) pandemics pose a significant threat to the global swine industry, and the development of safe and effective vaccines is a daunting but necessary challenge. The level and persistence of immunity are very important for the effectiveness of the vaccine. Targeting antigens to antigen presenting cells (APCs) can greatly enhance immunogenicity. In this study, we developed a self-assembled nano-ASFV vaccine candidate (NanoFVax) targeting DCs, by covalently coupling the self-assembled 24-mer ferritin with the dominant B and T cell epitopes of the highly immunogenic ASFV antigen (p72, CD2v, pB602L and p30) and fused with the chemokine receptor XCL1 (a DC targeting molecule) through the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase system. Compared to monomeric protein, the nanoparticle vaccines can induce a more robust T-cell response, and the high-level antibody response against ASFV can last for more than 231 days. Therefore, the NanoFVax is a novel and promising vaccine candidate for ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Song
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengxiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Panpan Tian
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - ZhuoYa Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junru Sun
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuannian Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun H, Wu M, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Liu Z, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Niu Q. OAS1 suppresses African swine fever virus replication by recruiting TRIM21 to degrade viral major capsid protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0121723. [PMID: 37815352 PMCID: PMC10617512 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01217-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) completes the replication process by resisting host antiviral response via inhibiting interferon (IFN) secretion and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) function. 2', 5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase gene 1 (OAS1) has been reported to inhibit the replication of various RNA and some DNA viruses. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the ASFV-induced IFN-related pathway still need to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that OAS1, as a critical host factor, inhibits ASFV replication in an RNaseL-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of OAS1 can promote the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway promoting innate immune responses. In addition, OAS1 plays a new function, which could interact with ASFV P72 protein to suppress ASFV infection. Mechanistically, OAS1 enhances the proteasomal degradation of P72 by promoting TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination. Meanwhile, P72 inhibits the production of avSG and affects the interaction between OAS1 and DDX6. Our findings demonstrated OAS1 as an important target against ASFV replication and revealed the mechanisms and intrinsic regulatory relationships during ASFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Sun
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengli Wu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiwang Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory, China (Lanzhou); State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou Y, Zhang J, Sun H, Tao D, Xu B, Han X, Ren R, Ruan J, Steinaa L, Hemmink JD, Han J, Li X, Xu J, Zhao S, Xie S, Zhao C. Sensitive and Specific Exonuclease III-Assisted Recombinase-Aided Amplification Colorimetric Assay for Rapid Detection of Nucleic Acids. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2877-2886. [PMID: 37729559 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a contamination-free and on-site nucleic acid detection platform with high sensitivity and specificity but low-cost for the detection of pathogenic nucleic acids is critical for infectious disease diagnosis and surveillance. In this study, we combined the recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) with the exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted signal amplification into a platform for sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acids of African swine fever virus (ASFV). We found that this platform enabled a naked eye visual detection of ASFV at a detection limit as low as 2 copies/μL in 30 min. As expected, no cross-reactivity was observed with other porcine viruses. In addition, to avoid aerosol contamination, a one-tube RAA-Exo III colorimetric assay was also established for the accurate detection of ASFV in clinical samples. Taken together, we developed a rapid, instrument-free, and low-cost Exo III-assisted RAA colorimetric-assay-based nucleic acid detection platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jinfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Dagang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bingrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Lucilla Steinaa
- Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Johanneke D Hemmink
- Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tng PYL, Al-Adwani L, Pauletto E, Hui JYK, Netherton CL. Capsid-Specific Antibody Responses of Domestic Pigs Immunized with Low-Virulent African Swine Fever Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37896980 PMCID: PMC10611099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease in pigs that has grave socio-economic implications worldwide. For the development of vaccines against the African swine fever virus (ASFV), immunogenic antigens that generate protective immune responses need to be identified. There are over 150 viral proteins-many of which are uncharacterized-and humoral immunity to ASFV has not been closely examined. To profile antigen-specific antibody responses, we developed luciferase-linked antibody capture assays (LACAs) for a panel of ASFV capsid proteins and screened sera from inbred and outbred animals that were previously immunized with low-virulent ASFV before challenge with virulent ASFV. Antibodies to B646L/p72, D117L/p17, M1249L, and E120R/p14.5 were detected in this study; however, we were unable to detect B438L-specific antibodies. Anti-B646L/p72 and B602L antibodies were associated with recovery from disease after challenges with genotype I OUR T88/1 but not genotype II Georgia 2007/1. Antibody responses against M1249L and E120R/p14.5 were observed in animals with reduced clinical signs and viremia. Here, we present LACAs as a tool for the targeted profiling of antigen-specific antibody responses to inform vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Y. L. Tng
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Laila Al-Adwani
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Egle Pauletto
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Joshua Y. K. Hui
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| | - Christopher L. Netherton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (L.A.-A.); (E.P.); (J.Y.K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng L, Gu S, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Nie M, Xu L, Lai S, Ai Y, Xu Z, Zhu L. Immunogenic response of recombinant pseudorabies virus carrying B646L and B602L genes of African swine fever virus in mice. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109815. [PMID: 37348208 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute infectious disease that poses a high lethality risk to domestic pigs and wild boars, causing substantial economic losses to the global pig industry. The prevention and control of ASF remain challenging, necessitating the urgent development of a safe and effective vaccine. This study focused on the essential structural protein p72 of ASFV (encoded by the B646L gene) and its chaperone protein pB602L (encoded by the B602L gene) as the target antigenic proteins. Based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, we constructed a live attenuated recombinant pseudorabies virus vector expressing the p72 and pB602L proteins (designated as rPRVXJ-EGFP/B602L/B646L), and assessed its immunization effect in mice. The recombinant virus rPRVXJ-EGFP/B602L/B646L successfully proliferated and demonstrated stable expression of the p72 and pB602L proteins in BHK-21 cells. Moreover, it exhibited excellent safety when used in mice and induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses targeting p72 and pB602L. In addition, it provided complete protection (100%) against the virulent PRV strain (PRV-XJ). These results indicate that the recombinant virus rPRVXJ-EGFP/B602L/B646L possesses robust immunogenicity and safety in mice. In conclusion, PRV represents a promising viral vector for expressing ASFV gene, and our study serves as an essential reference for the development of viral vector vaccines against ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sirui Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mincai Nie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li D, Peng J, Wu J, Yi J, Wu P, Qi X, Ren J, Peng G, Duan X, Ru Y, Liu H, Tian H, Zheng H. African swine fever virus MGF-360-10L is a novel and crucial virulence factor that mediates ubiquitination and degradation of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. mBio 2023; 14:e0060623. [PMID: 37417777 PMCID: PMC10470787 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00606-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. The ASFV genome encodes various proteins that enable the virus to escape innate immunity; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study found that ASFV MGF-360-10L significantly inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-triggered STAT1/2 promoter activation and the production of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ASFV MGF-360-10L deletion (ASFV-Δ10L) replication was impaired compared with the parental ASFV CN/GS/2018 strain, and more ISGs were induced by the ASFV-Δ10L in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro. We found that MGF-360-10L mainly targets JAK1 and mediates its degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MGF-360-10L also mediates the K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 at lysine residues 245 and 269 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5 (HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5). The virulence of ASFV-Δ10L was significantly lower than that of the parental strain in vivo, which indicates that MGF-360-10L is a novel virulence factor of ASFV. Our findings elaborate the novel mechanism of MGF-360-10L on the STAT1/2 signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the inhibition of host innate immunity by ASFV-encoded proteins and providing novel insights that could contribute to the development of African swine fever vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever outbreaks remain a concern in some areas. There is no effective drug or commercial vaccine to prevent African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. In the present study, we found that overexpression of MGF-360-10L strongly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-β-induced STAT1/2 signaling pathway and the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MGF-360-10L mediates the degradation and K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. The virulence of ASFV with MGF-360-10L deletion was significantly less than parental ASFV CN/GS/2018. Our study identified a new virulence factor and revealed a novel mechanism by which MGF-360-10L inhibits the immune response, thus providing new insights into the vaccination strategies against ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianghan Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu P, Zhou J, Wei S, Takada K, Masutani H, Okuda S, Okamoto K, Suzuki M, Kitamura T, Masujin K, Kokuho T, Itoh H, Nagata K. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of African swine fever virus strains. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4322-4335. [PMID: 37711186 PMCID: PMC10497913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is the most devastating disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), impacting the pig industry worldwide and threatening food security and biodiversity. Although two vaccines have been approved in Vietnam to combat ASFV, the complexity of the virus, with its numerous open reading frames (ORFs), necessitates a more diverse vaccine strategy. Therefore, we focused on identifying and investigating the potential vaccine targets for developing a broad-spectrum defense against the virus. This study collected the genomic and/or transcriptomic data of different ASFV strains, specifically from in vitro studies, focusing on comparisons between genotypes I, II, and X, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The comprehensive analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic differences between high- and low-virulence strains revealed six early genes, 13 late genes, and six short genes as potentially essential ORFs associated with high-virulence. In addition, many other ORFs (e.g., 14 multigene family members) are worth investigating. The results of this study provided candidate ORFs for developing ASF vaccines and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jiaqiao Zhou
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sibo Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Konosuke Takada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hayato Masutani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitamura
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Masujin
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kokuho
- African Swine Fever Unit, National Institute of Animal Health, National A griculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li H, Liu Q, Shao L, Xiang Y. Structural Insights into the Assembly of the African Swine Fever Virus Inner Capsid. J Virol 2023; 97:e0026823. [PMID: 37191520 PMCID: PMC10308890 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00268-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the cause of a highly contagious hemorrhagic and fatal disease of domestic pigs, has a complex multilayer structure. The inner capsid of ASFV located underneath the inner membrane enwraps the genome-containing nucleoid and is likely the assembly of proteolytic products from the virally encoded polyproteins pp220 and pp62. Here, we report the crystal structure of ASFV p150△NC, a major middle fragment of the pp220 proteolytic product p150. The structure of ASFV p150△NC contains mainly helices and has a triangular plate-like shape. The triangular plate is approximately 38 Å in thickness, and the edge of the triangular plate is approximately 90 Å long. The structure of ASFV p150△NC is not homologous to any of the known viral capsid proteins. Further analysis of the cryo-electron microscopy maps of the ASFV and the homologous faustovirus inner capsids revealed that p150 or the p150-like protein of faustovirus assembles to form screwed propeller-shaped hexametric and pentametric capsomeres of the icosahedral inner capsids. Complexes of the C terminus of p150 and other proteolytic products of pp220 likely mediate interactions between the capsomeres. Together, these findings provide new insights into the assembling of ASFV inner capsid and provide a reference for understanding the assembly of the inner capsids of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV). IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus has caused catastrophic destruction to the pork industry worldwide since it was first discovered in Kenya in 1921. The architecture of ASFV is complicated, with two protein shells and two membrane envelopes. Currently, mechanisms involved in the assembly of the ASFV inner core shell are less understood. The structural studies of the ASFV inner capsid protein p150 performed in this research enable the building of a partial model of the icosahedral ASFV inner capsid, which provides a structural basis for understanding the structure and assembly of this complex virion. Furthermore, the structure of ASFV p150△NC represents a new type of fold for viral capsid assembly, which could be a common fold for the inner capsid assembly of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) and would facilitate the development of vaccine and antivirus drugs against these complex viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Li
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Shao
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Zhang J, Jiao J, Hou M, Qian N, Zhao D, Zheng X, Tan X. ASFV transcription reporter screening system identifies ailanthone as a broad antiviral compound. Virol Sin 2023; 38:459-469. [PMID: 36948461 PMCID: PMC10311270 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral disease in swine that jeopardizes the worldwide pig industry. Unfortunately, there are no authoritative vaccine and antiviral drug available for ASF control. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of ASF. Among the ASFV proteins, p72 is the most abundant component in the virions and thus a potential target for anti-ASFV drug design. Here, we constructed a luciferase reporter system driven by the promoter of p72, which is transcribed by the co-transfected ASFV RNA polymerase complex. Using this system, we screened over 3200 natural product compounds and obtained three potent candidates against ASFV. We further evaluated the anti-ASFV effects and proved that among the three candidates, ailanthone (AIL) inhibits the replication of ASFV at the nanomolar concentration (IC50 = 15 nmol/L). Our in vitro experiments indicated that the antiviral effect of AIL is associated with its inhibition of the HSP90-p23 cochaperone. Finally, we showed the antiviral activity of AIL on Zika virus and hepatitis B virus (HBV), which supports that AIL is a potential broad-spectrum antiviral agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150009, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150009, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nianchao Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150009, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Xu Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601 China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang Z, Du Y, Li R, Sun X, Chen Y, Li M, Fan L, Liu S, Wang S, Ding P, Zhang G. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against the critical loop structure of african swine fever virus P72 protein. Vet Microbiol 2023; 283:109776. [PMID: 37270924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious and lethal viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The four prominent loop structures on the surface of the primary structural protein P72 are considered to be key protective epitopes. In this study, the four critical loops (ER1-4) of the ASFV p72 protein were individually fused to hepatitis B virus core particles (HBc) and self-assembled into nanoparticles to preserve the natural conformation of the loop structure and enhance its immunogenicity. Then, four recombinant proteins were obtained in E. coli expression system and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed and characterized. All 10 mAbs obtained were able to react with P72 protein and ASFV with potencies up to 1:204 800. Amino acids 250-274, 279-299 and 507-517 of the P72 protein were identified as linear epitopes and highly conserved. The mAb 4G8 showed the highest inhibition rate of 84% against ASFV positive sera. Importantly, neutralization experiments illustrated that mAb 4G8 has a 67% inhibition rate, indicating that its corresponding epitopes are potential candidates for ASFV vaccine. In conclusion, highly immunogenic nanoparticles of the ASFV P72 key loop were constructed to induce the production of highly effective mAbs and clarify their epitope information for the diagnosis and prevention of ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejie Chang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Institute of Advanced Agriculture sciences, Peking University, 100080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao D, Sun E, Huang L, Ding L, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Shen D, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Ren T, Wang W, Li F, He X, Bu Z. Highly lethal genotype I and II recombinant African swine fever viruses detected in pigs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3096. [PMID: 37248233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a great threat to the global pig industry and food security. Currently, 24 ASFV genotypes have been reported but it is unclear whether recombination of different genotype viruses occurs in nature. In this study, we detect three recombinants of genotype I and II ASFVs in pigs in China. These recombinants are genetically similar and classified as genotype I according to their B646L gene, yet 10 discrete fragments accounting for over 56% of their genomes are derived from genotype II virus. Animal studies with one of the recombinant viruses indicate high lethality and transmissibility in pigs, and deletion of the virulence-related genes MGF_505/360 and EP402R derived from virulent genotype II virus highly attenuates its virulence. The live attenuated vaccine derived from genotype II ASFV is not protective against challenge of the recombinant virus. These naturally occurring recombinants of genotype I and II ASFVs have the potential to pose a challenge to the global pig industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duan X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xie Z, Tian C, Li Y, Lv L, Wang R, Liu J, Chen H. Identification of monoclonal antibody targeting epitope on p72 trimeric spike of African swine fever virus. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-02003-0. [PMID: 37191778 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is highly contagious and can cause lethal disease in pigs. ASFV p72 protein is a major capsid protein that presents as trimer in the virion. Epitopes on the surface of p72 trimer are considered as protective antigens. In this study, recombinant p72 protein and p72-baculovirus were constructed and obtained. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to ASFV p72 protein, designated as 1A3, 2B5 and 4A5, were generated. Among them, 4A5 showed strong reactivity with ASFV infected cells. Subsequently, the epitope recognized by 4A5 was mapped and identified using a series of overlapping peptides generated from p72 protein. IFA and western blot analyses showed that 4A5 recognized the linear epitope of p72 monomer located between amino acids 245-285 and recognized the conformational epitope located at the surface and top of the p72 trimer. These findings will enrich our knowledge regarding the epitope on p72 protein and provide valuable information for further characterization of the antigenicity and molecular functions of p72 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulai Duan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chuanwen Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Biosafety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Z, Hu Y, Li J, Wang A, Meng X, Chen L, Wei J, Tong W, Kong N, Yu L, Yu H, Shan T, Tong G, Wang G, Zheng H. Screening and identification of the dominant antigens of the African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1175701. [PMID: 37215478 PMCID: PMC10192620 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a highly lethal contagious disease of pigs for which there is no vaccine. Its causative agent African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly complex enveloped DNA virus encoding more than 150 open reading frames. The antigenicity of ASFV is still unclear at present. In this study, 35 proteins of ASFV were expressed by Escherichia coli, and ELISA was developed for the detection of antibodies against these proteins. p30, p54, and p22 were presented as the major antigens of ASFV, positively reacting with all five clinical ASFV-positive pig sera, and 10 pig sera experimentally infected by ASFV. Five proteins (pB475L, pC129R, pE199L, pE184L, and pK145R) reacted well with ASFV-positive sera. The p30 induced a rapid and strong antibody immune response during ASFV infection. These results will promote the development of subunit vaccines and serum diagnostic methods against ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ancheng Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao Z, Huang Y, Liu C, Zhu D, Gao S, Liu S, Peng R, Zhang Y, Huang X, Qi J, Wong CCL, Zhang X, Wang P, Qin Q, Gao GF. Near-atomic architecture of Singapore grouper iridovirus and implications for giant virus assembly. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2050. [PMID: 37041173 PMCID: PMC10090177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), one of the nucleocytoviricota viruses (NCVs), is a highly pathogenic iridovirid. SGIV infection results in massive economic losses to the aquaculture industry and significantly threatens global biodiversity. In recent years, high morbidity and mortality in aquatic animals have been caused by iridovirid infections worldwide. Effective control and prevention strategies are urgently needed. Here, we present a near-atomic architecture of the SGIV capsid and identify eight types of capsid proteins. The viral inner membrane-integrated anchor protein colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), supporting the hypothesis that the biogenesis of the inner membrane is associated with the ER. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays indicate minor capsid proteins (mCPs) could form various building blocks with major capsid proteins (MCPs) before the formation of a viral factory (VF). These results expand our understanding of the capsid assembly of NCVs and provide more targets for vaccine and drug design to fight iridovirid infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Cryo-EM Center, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuaixin Gao
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Human Sciences & James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Cryo-EM Center, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ruchao Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102209, China.
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Cryo-EM Center, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tenaya WM, Swacita IBN, Wirata K, Damriyasa M, Besung NK, Suarsana N, Sari TK, Agustina KK. A study of African swine fever virus in Regional VI of the Disease Investigation Center of Denpasar Bali in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:844-850. [PMID: 37235158 PMCID: PMC10206974 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.844-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes major economic losses due to morbidity and fatality rates of up to 100% in wild boar and domestic pigs. The disease emerged in Africa in 1921 and then entered several European countries by 1957. In Indonesia, the first outbreak of ASF in 2019 in North Sumatra killed thousands of pigs and quickly spread to 10 out of 34 pig-producing provinces, including Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. As no commercial ASF vaccine is available, the disease has become endemic and continues killing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and virological studies of ASF virus (ASFV) conducted in 2020 and 2021 by the Disease Investigation Center Regional VI of Denpasar Bali, which covers three provinces in Indonesia, including Bali, Western Nusa Tenggara, and Eastern Nusa Tenggara. Materials and Methods A total of 5402 blood samples were sent to the laboratory to detect ASFV infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. The virological studies were performed by culturing local ASFV isolates obtained from field cases in primary macrophages and confirmation of viral growth by qPCR. Results The qPCR results show that only 156/4528 (3.4%) of samples originating from Bali and Eastern Nusa Tenggara were ASFV-positive with cycle threshold value of 18 to 23, while the virus was not detected in Western Nusa Tenggara. Of 874 serum samples tested, 114 (13%) were antibody positive and were all collected from the two ASFV-affected provinces in 2020. A Bali ASFV isolate (BL21) was isolated and characterized molecularly. Conclusion These findings suggest that during the time of sampling, ASFV was detected only in Bali and East Nusa Tenggara but not in Western Nusa Tenggara. These findings support the symptomology of ASFV reported in the two regions. Moreover, BL21 may be useful for developing subculture-attenuated vaccines using commercial cell lines. However, the current study has some limitations namely the investigation was not performed during the initial outbreak and no pathological examination of internal organs was conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayan Masa Tenaya
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ida Bagus Ngurah Swacita
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Ketut Wirata
- Disease Investigation Center, Regional VI Denpasar Bali, Jl. Raya Sesetan No. 266, Sesetan, Denpasar Selatan, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80223, Indonesia
| | - Made Damriyasa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nengah Kerta Besung
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Suarsana
- Laboratory of Biochemical, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Tri Komala Sari
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Disease Prevention, Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar Bali of Indonesia, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali 80234, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miao C, Yang S, Shao J, Zhou G, Ma Y, Wen S, Hou Z, Peng D, Guo H, Liu W, Chang H. Identification of p72 epitopes of African swine fever virus and preliminary application. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126794. [PMID: 36819042 PMCID: PMC9935695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease (ASF) of pigs that results in serious losses in China and elsewhere. The development of a vaccine and diagnosis technology for ASFV is essential to prevent and control the spread of ASF. The p72 protein of ASFV is highly immunogenic and reactive, and is a dominant antigen in ASF vaccine and diagnostic research. In this study, 17 p72 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated. Epitope mapping by a series of overlapping peptides expressed in Escherichia coli showed that these mAbs recognized a total of seven (1-7) linear B cell epitopes. These mAbs did not show significant neutralizing activity. Epitopes 1 (249HKPHQSKPIL258), 2 (69PVGFEYENKV77), 5 (195VNGNSLDEYSS205), and 7 (223GYKHLVGQEV233) are novel. Sequence alignment analysis revealed that the identified epitopes were highly conserved among 27 ASFV strains from nine genotypes. Preliminary screening using known positive and negative sera indicated the diagnostic potential of mAb-2B8D7. The results provide new insights into the antigenic regions of ASFV p72 and will inform the diagnosis of ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sicheng Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghui Wen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhuo Hou
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Decai Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - HuiChen Guo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,Wei Liu,
| | - Huiyun Chang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China,*Correspondence: Huiyun Chang,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Complete Structural Predictions of the Proteome of African Swine Fever Virus Strain Georgia 2007. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0088122. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00881-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we announce the predicted structures of the 193 proteins encoded by African swine fever virus (ASFV) strain Georgia 2007 (ASFV-G). Previously, only the structures of 16 ASFV proteins were elucidated.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yin D, Geng R, Shao H, Ye J, Qian K, Chen H, Qin A. Identification of novel linear epitopes in P72 protein of African swine fever virus recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055820. [PMID: 36406452 PMCID: PMC9666363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the highly contagious and lethal diseases among domestic pigs and wild boars. The capsid protein P72 of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is very important for the diagnosis and vaccine development. However, the epitope of the protein is not clear. In this study, capsid protein P72 was expressed in Sf9 cells along with its chaperone B602L. A total of ten monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to P72 protein were developed by fusions between SP2/0 cells and spleen cells of mice immunized with the recombinant-P72&B602L proteins expressed in Sf9 cells. Four linear B cell epitopes 31SNIKNVNKSY40, 41GKPDP45, 56HLVHFNAH63 and 185ERLYE189 were identified. Biological information analysis illustrated that epitopes 31SNIKNVNKSY40, 41GKPDP45 and 185ERLYE189 were highly conserved within different ASFV strains. These findings may lead to a better understanding of the antibody-antigen interaction and provide new insights into the vaccine research and serological diagnosis of ASF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yin
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Renhao Geng
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang J, Jing M, Niu Q, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu M, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Identification and characterization of nanobodies specifically against African swine fever virus major capsid protein p72. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017792. [PMID: 36312984 PMCID: PMC9606462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large and very complex DNA virus. The major capsid protein p72 is the most predominant structural protein and constitutes the outmost icosahedral capsid of the virion. In the present study, the nanobodies against ASFV p72 protein were screened from a camelid immune VHH library by phage display technique. Nine distinct nanobodies were identified according to the amino acid sequences of the complementary determining regions (CDRs), and contain typical amino acid substitutions in the framework region 2 (FR2). Six nanobodies were successfully expressed in E. coli, and their specificity and affinity to p72 protein were further evaluated. The results showed that nanobodies Nb25 had the best affinity to both recombinant and native p72 protein of ASFV. The Nb25 possesses an extremely long CDR3 with 23 amino acids compared with other nanobodies, which may allow this nanobody to access the hidden epitopes of target antigen. Furthermore, the Nb25 can specifically recognize the virus particles captured by polyclonal antibody against ASFV in a sandwich immunoassay, and its application as a biosensor to target virus in PAM cells was verified by an immunofluorescence assay. Nanobodies have been proven to possess many favorable properties with small size, high affinity and specificity, easier to produce, low costs and deep tissue penetration that make them suitable for various biotechnological applications. These findings suggest that nanobody Nb25 identified herein could be a valuable alternative tool and has potential applications in diagnostic and basic research on ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengyao Jing
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- China Agricultural VET. BIO. Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Dingxi City, Dingxi, Gansu, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijie Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wöhnke E, Cackett G, Werner F, Blome S, Mettenleiter TC, Karger A. Proteome Analysis of Swine Macrophages after Infection with Two Genotype II African Swine Fever Isolates of Different Pathogenicity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102140. [PMID: 36298696 PMCID: PMC9607119 DOI: 10.3390/v14102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of a highly pathogenic genotype II isolate of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) into Georgia in 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has gone panzootic. Outbreaks have been reported in Europe, Asia and, more recently, Latin America. Thus, ASFV has become a major threat to the pig industry worldwide, as broadly applicable vaccines are not available. While the majority of ASFV strains show high virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar, variations within the ASFV genome have resulted in the emergence of attenuated strains with low or moderate virulence. However, the molecular basis of the differences in virulence has not yet been discovered. To reveal virulence-associated protein expression patterns, we analysed the proteomes of the natural target cells of ASFV, primary porcine macrophages, after infection with two genotype II ASFV strains displaying high (Armenia 2008) and moderate (Estonia 2014) virulence using quantitative mass spectrometry. Very similar expression patterns were observed for the viral genes, and any differences were limited to the deletions within the Estonia 2014 genome. In addition to the canonical ASFV proteins, twelve novel protein products from recently described transcripts were confirmed in both isolates. Pathway analyses showed that both isolates evoked a similar host proteome response, despite their difference in virulence. However, subtle differences in the manipulation of the proteins involved in the proinflammatory response mediated by the MAPK14/p38 signalling cascade were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wöhnke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gwenny Cackett
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Finn Werner
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1247
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Li X, Zhao M, Ding H, Fan S, Chen J. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081255. [PMID: 36013434 PMCID: PMC9409812 DOI: 10.3390/life12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease with a high fatality rate in both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has greatly challenged pig-raising countries and also negatively impacted regional and national trade of pork products. To date, ASF has spread throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. The development of safe and effective ASF vaccines is urgently required for the control of ASF outbreaks. The ASF virus (ASFV), the causative agent of ASF, has a large genome and a complex structure. The functions of nearly half of its viral genes still remain to be explored. Knowledge on the structure and function of ASFV proteins, the mechanism underlying ASFV infection and immunity, and the identification of major immunogenicity genes will contribute to the development of an ASF vaccine. In this context, this paper reviews the available knowledge on the structure, replication, protein function, virulence genes, immune evasion, inactivation, vaccines, control, and diagnosis of ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zilong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jindai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (J.C.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0245 (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meng K, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Huyan Y, Zhu W, Xiang Y, Meng G. Structural Design and Assessing of Recombinantly Expressed African Swine Fever Virus p72 Trimer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:802098. [PMID: 35774459 PMCID: PMC9239254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to control the outbreak of the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), there is an urgent need to develop an effective method to prevent the pandemic, including vaccines and diagnostic methods. The major capsid protein of ASFV p72 (B646L), which forms a trimer with each monomer adopting a double jelly roll fold, is the main component of the virus particle and major antigen of ASFV. Thus, the p72 protein may be considered an antigen candidate for vaccine and diagnostic development. However, the development of ASFV p72 trimer for the industry application, including veterinary usage, faces unavoidable challenges: firstly, the low cost of the antigen production is required in vaccine and diagnostic application; and, secondly, whether produced antigen folds in its native conformation. Here, based on the information provided by the atomic structure of p72, we have successfully performed rational mutagenesis on p72 trimers and expressed it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high yields. The cryo-EM structure of recombinant expressed p72 trimer is determined at 4.18 Å in resolution. The correlation coefficient between this structure and the ASFV virus structure is 0.77, suggesting a highly similar fold of this trimer with the native protein on the virus particle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangnan Huyan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhuang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Geng Meng
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Muñoz A, Tabarés E. Characteristics of the major structural proteins of African swine fever virus: Role as antigens in the induction of neutralizing antibodies. A review. Virology 2022; 571:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
Wang C, Qiu S, Xiao Y, Yu H, Li H, Wu S, Feng C, Lin X. Development of a Blocking ELISA Kit for Detection of ASFV Antibody Based on a Monoclonal Antibody against Full Length p72. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1428-1436. [PMID: 35595230 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiologic agent of African swine fever (ASF), a disease of highly contagious and significant threat to pork production. At present, the sensitive detection methods are the keys to the disease control. OBJECTIVE Full length p72 is produced by eukaryotic system and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) 34C10 is subsequently recovered. A blocking ELISA kit for detection of ASFV antibody is developed based on p72 trimers and 34C10. METHODS Full length p72 is expressed and is used as immunogen to prepare a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The mAb 34C10 is verified by immunofluorescent and tested by ELISAs with positive serums. The constant affinity of 34C10 is then confirmed. A blocking ELISA kit is further developed and is compared with two commercial kits. RESULTS The mAb 34C10 is specifically bound to p72 protein, and it exhibits blocking affection to positive serum. IFA experiment shows that 34C10 could bind to p72 expressed by baculoviruses and the binding affinity of 34C10 is found to be as high as 1.85 × 1011 L/mol. The blocking ELISA kit shows high coincidence with a commercial ELISA kit. The sensitivity between these two kits is 97.6% (95%, CI: 90.65-99.58) and the specificity between them is 100% (95%, CI: 98.34-100). CONCLUSION The blocking ELISA developed in this study may have great potential for diagnosis of ASF. The structure of the antigen p72 is found to be a key factor for the performance of the kit. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, the eukaryotic expressed full-length p72 protein is utilized to recover the monoclonal antibody and it is coated as antigen during the development of the blocking ELISA kit. This study sheds new light on the development of the blocking ELISA kits, especially for the development of diagnostic kit for the contagious virus with bio-safety problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Chongqing Animal Disease Control Center, Chongqing, 401120 China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Shaoqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Xiangmei Lin
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
African swine fever virus: A raised global upsurge and a continuous threaten to pig husbandry. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
Wu Y, Yang Y, Ru Y, Qin X, Li M, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li Y. The Development of a Real-Time Recombinase-Aid Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846770. [PMID: 35369479 PMCID: PMC8969597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, deadly, infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars and has a tremendous negative socioeconomic impact on the swine industry. ASF is a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Currently, no effective vaccine or treatment against ASF is available. Early detection and rapid diagnosis are potentially significant to control ASF spread with the emerging ASFV mutant strains and non-classical symptoms. In this study, we developed a real-time recombinase-aid amplification (RAA) assay to detect the ASFV genome rapidly. Thirty samples were detected using commercial lysis buffer for DNA extraction and equipped with a portable testing instrument. The results showed that the sensitivity of RAA was 103 copies per reaction at 95% probability in 9 min at 39°C. The method was universally specific for three strains of ASFV, and there was no cross-reaction with other pathogens, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV). The coefficient of variation (C.V) of repetitive experiments was 0%, and the coincidence rate was 100% compared to the real-time qPCR. 123 field samples were detected by the real-time RAA assay, and the results showed that the clinical coincidence rate of the real-time RAA assay was 98% compared to the real-time qPCR assay. The advantages of this method were as follows: the extraction of DNA can be performed on site, the DNA template is directly used, a small battery-powered instrument is easily available, and the on-site diagnostic process is finished within an hour. These suggest that this assay could be used to detect different genotypes of ASFV and play a vital role in the control of ASF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Development of a p72 trimer-based colloidal gold strip for detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2703-2714. [PMID: 35291024 PMCID: PMC8923092 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious and often lethal swine viral disease, and leads to tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines and effective antiviral agents available to prevent and control ASFV outbreaks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and rapid strategies to monitor ASFV-infected pigs to restrain its spread. In the current study, ASFV capsid protein p72 was expressed along with its chaperone pB602L to form trimers in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The p72 trimers were subsequently labeled with colloidal gold to develop a immunochromatographic strip. The strip showed high specificity to ASFV-positive serum and no cross-reactivity to other swine virus positive sera. Importantly, the strip showed a higher sensitivity of detecting ASFV antibodies in both positive standard serum and clinical serum samples than a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Taken together, these results demonstrate the strip as a reliable diagnostic tool against ASFV infection, which will be appropriate for application in prevention and control of ASFV. Key points • ASFV p72 trimers were successfully generated. • A colloidal gold strip was developed based on ASFV p72 trimers. • The strip is appropriate for detecting ASFV antibodies in the field.
Collapse
|
41
|
Oh T, Do DT, Lai DC, Nguyen LT, Lee JY, Van Le P, Chae C. Chronological expression and distribution of African swine fever virus p30 and p72 proteins in experimentally infected pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4151. [PMID: 35264737 PMCID: PMC8907298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, has temporally regulated gene expression kinetics. The p30 and p72 major structural proteins are involved in viral entry each with different expression kinetics, but neither of their chronological expressions and distribution have been identified in virus-infected animals. Here, we found that both transcription and translation levels of p30 were significantly higher than those of p72 in target organs during the earlier infection-phase. Lymphocyte apoptosis/necrosis and angiectasia were observed as signs of early infection with acute African swine fever. These results show that the chronologically differential expression of ASFV structural proteins tends to be prominent in infected animals, and the p30 protein could play a role in the indication of acute lesions during early infection compared to the late-expressed p72 protein. In conclusion, we propose to consider the chronological expression dynamics of ASFV structural proteins in infected animals to understand virus pathogenesis and antigen targeting for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Young Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan Van Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhu W, Meng K, Zhang Y, Bu Z, Zhao D, Meng G. Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies Using Gold Nanoparticle-Labeled Acid-Treated p72. Front Chem 2022; 9:804981. [PMID: 35047481 PMCID: PMC8761911 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.804981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a widespread and highly contagious disease in the porcine population, which is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The PCR and ELISA detection methods are the main conventional diagnostic methods for ASFV antigen/antibody detection in the field. However, these methods have limitations of expensive equipment, trained technicians, and time-consuming results. Thus, a rapid, inexpensive, accurate and on-site detection method is urgently needed. Here we describe a double-antigen-sandwich lateral-flow assay based on gold nanoparticle-conjugated ASFV major capsid protein p72, which can detect ASFV antibody in serum samples with high sensitivity and specificity in 10 min and the results can be determined by naked eyes. A lateral flow assay was established by using yeast-expressed and acid-treated ASFV p72 conjugated with gold nanoparticles, which are synthesized by seeding method. A high coincidence (97.8%) of the assay was determined using clinical serum compared to a commercial ELISA kit. In addition, our lateral flow strip can detect as far as 1:10,000 diluted clinically positive serum for demonstration of high sensitivity. In summary, the assay developed here was shown to be rapid, inexpensive, accurate and highly selective. It represents a reliable method for on-site ASFV antibody detection and may help to control the ASFV pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wei N, Zheng B, Niu J, Chen T, Ye J, Si Y, Cao S. Rapid Detection of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a-Based Lateral Flow Strip. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020179. [PMID: 35215773 PMCID: PMC8879322 DOI: 10.3390/v14020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a dsDNA virus that can cause serious, highly infectious, and fatal diseases in wild boars and domestic pigs. The ASFV has brought enormous economic loss to many countries, and no effective vaccine or treatment for the ASFV is currently available. Therefore, the on-site rapid and accurate detection of the ASFV is key to the timely implementation of control. The RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR effector CRISPR-associated 13 (Cas13a; previously known as C2c2) exhibits a “collateral effect” of promiscuous RNase activity upon the target recognition. The collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a is activated to degrade the non-targeted RNA, when the crRNA of LwCas13a binds to the target RNA. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive ASFV detection method based on the collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a, which combines recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and a lateral flow strip (named CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD). The method was an isothermal detection at 37 °C, and the detection can be used for visual readout. The detection limit of the CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD was 101 copies/µL of p72 gene per reaction, and the detection process can be completed within an hour. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to eight other swine viruses, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and has a 100% coincidence rate with real-time PCR detection of the ASFV in 83 clinical samples. Overall, this method is sensitive, specific, and practicable onsite for the ASFV detection, showing a great application potential for monitoring the ASFV in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bohan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youhui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhong K, Zhu M, Yuan Q, Deng Z, Feng S, Liu D, Yuan X. Development of an Indirect ELISA to Detect African Swine Fever Virus pp62 Protein-Specific Antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:798559. [PMID: 35097046 PMCID: PMC8792508 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.798559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly detrimental viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The occurrence and prevalence of this disease have become a serious threat to the global swine industry and national economies. At present, the detection volume of African swine fever is huge, more sensitive and accurate detection techniques are needed for the market. pp62 protein, as a protein in the late stage of infection, has strong antigenicity and a high corresponding antibody titer in infected pigs. In this study, the CP530R gene was cloned into expression vector pET-28a to construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid, which was induced by IPTG to express soluble pp62 protein. Western blot analysis showed that it had great reactivity. Using the purified recombinant protein as an antigen, an indirect ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibody was established. The method was specific only to ASFV-positive serum, 1:1600 diluted positive serum could still be detected, and the coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra assay and inter assay were both <10%. It turns out that the assays had excellent specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. This provides an accurate, rapid, and economical method for the detection of ASFV antibody in clinical pig serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhong
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Qichao Yuan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Simeng Feng
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaomin Yuan
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Lab of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, China
- Daoxin Liu
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang P, Liu C, Wang S, Wen L, Shi Z, Chi Y, Wang M, Liu Z, Sun Z, Wei L, Yang D, He X, Wang J. Production and application of mouse monoclonal antibodies targeting linear epitopes in pB602L of African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:415-424. [PMID: 34984562 PMCID: PMC8843907 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. The causative agent of ASF, ASF virus (ASFV), is a double-stranded DNA virus, the sole member in the family Asfarviridae. The non-structural protein pB602L of ASFV is a molecular chaperone of the major capsid protein p72 and plays a key role in icosahedral capsid assembly. This protein is antigenic and is a target for developing diagnostic tools for ASF. To generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pB602L, a prokaryotically expressed recombinant pB602L protein was produced, purified, and used as an antigen to immunize mice. A total of eight mouse mAbs were obtained, and their binding epitopes were screened by Western blot using an overlapping set of polypeptides from pB602L. Three linear epitopes were identified and designated epitope 1 (366ANRERYNY373), epitope 2 (415GPDAPGLSI423), and epitope 3 (498EMLNVPDD505). Based on the epitope recognized, the eight mAbs were placed into three groups: group 1 (B2A1, B2F1, and B2D10), group 2 (B2H10, B2B2, B2D8, and B2A3), and group 3 (B2E12). The mAbs B2A1, B2H10, and B2E12, each representing one of the groups, were used to detect pB602L in ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and pig tissues, using an indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. The results showed that pB602L was detectable with all three mAbs in immunohistochemical staining, but only B2H10 was suitable for detecting the proteins in ASFV-infected PAMs by IFA. In summary, we developed eight anti-pB602L mouse mAbs recognizing three linear epitopes in the protein, which can be used as reagents for basic and applied research on ASFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Chunguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Shida Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Lili Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yue Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zaisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhenzhao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Lili Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Decheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Herrera LRDM, Bisa EP. In silico analysis of highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in the structural proteins of African swine fever virus. Vet World 2021; 14:2625-2633. [PMID: 34903918 PMCID: PMC8654742 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2625-2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of pigs caused by ASF virus (ASFV). High mortality and the lack of available treatments have severely impacted the swine industry resulting in huge global economic losses. In response to the dire necessity for vaccines, this study aims to identify highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in ASFV structural proteins pp220, pp62, p72, p30, and CD2v through immunoinformatics approach. Materials and Methods: The amino acid sequences of the structural proteins were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information protein database. The sequences were evaluated in CD-HIT Suite wherein resulting representative sequences were aligned in Clustal Omega. Highly conserved sequences were identified in the Protein Variability Server which were used as reference sequences for the cytotoxic T-cell epitope mapping. Epitopes were predicted using the tools in Immune Epitope Database. Peptides which bind to the swine major histocompatibility complex with IC50 binding scores >500 nM were filtered out. Epitopes which are classified to be potentially toxic and cross-reactive with the swine proteome sequences were all excluded from the study. The epitopes were docked with the swine leukocyte antigen-1*0401 (SLA-1*0401) wherein the binding affinity, the binding energy, and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) per residue of epitope-SLA complexes formed were determined and compared with the influenza epitope as positive control. Results: A total of 112 highly conserved fragments with Shannon variability index ≤0.1 were identified. These include 66, 12, 26, 6, and 2 highly conserved fragments from ASFV proteins pp220, pp62, p72, p30, and CD2v, respectively. From these reference sequences, 35 nonameric peptides were selected for the list of candidate cytotoxic T-cell epitopes. These include 26 epitopes for pp220, 7 for pp62, 6 for p72, and one each for p30 and CD2v. Bioinformatics analysis classified the peptides as non-toxic. Further evaluations of epitopes showed that these are less likely to cross-react with the domestic swine proteome sequences. This study identified candidate epitopes from pp220 (IADAINQEF, FLNKSTQAY, QIYKTLLEY, and SLYPTQFDY), and pp62 (GTDLYQSAM, FINSTDFLY, and STDFLYTAI) which can bind to at least two widely distributed SLAs in pig populations. The immunogenicity of candidate peptides RSNPGSFYW, DFDPLVTFY, AIPSVSIPF, and VVFHAGSLY was validated by the acceptable binding affinities, binding energies, and RMSD of the peptide-SLA complexes formed. Results were also comparable with the crystal structure of an SLA-epitope complex in the database. Conclusion: This is the first study to identify highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in the structural proteins of ASFV. Overall, the results of in silico evaluations showed that the identified highly conserved cytotoxic T-cell epitopes may be used as part of future vaccine formulations against ASFV infection in domesticated pigs. Nonetheless, these findings require in vitro and in vivo validation before application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leana Rich De Mesa Herrera
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elizabeth Paulino Bisa
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
An extensive evaluation of codon usage pattern and bias of structural proteins p30, p54 and, p72 of the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Virusdisease 2021; 32:810-822. [PMID: 34901328 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) belongs to the family of Asfarviridae to the genus Asfivirus. ASF virus causes hemorrhage illness with a high mortality rate and hence, commercial loss in the swine community. The ASFV has been categorized by variation in codon usage that is caused by high mutation rates and natural selection. The evolution is caused mainly due to the mutation pressure and regulating the protein gene expression. Based on publicly accessible nucleotide sequences of the ASFV and its host (pig & tick), codon usage bias analysis was performed since an approved effective vaccination is not available to date, it is very important to analyze the codon usage bias of the p30, p54, and p72 proteins of ASFV to produce an effective and efficient vaccine to control the disease. Even though the codon usage bias analyses have been evaluated earlier, the evaluation of the codon usage pattern specific to p30, p54, and p72 of ASFV is inadequate. In all the protein-coding sequences, nucleotide base and codons terminating with base T were most frequent and the mean effective number of codons (Nc) was high, indicating the presence of codon usage bias. The GC contents and dinucleotide frequencies also indicated the codon usage bias of the ASFV pig and tick. The Nc plot, parity plot, neutrality plot analysis, revealed natural selection, as well as mutation pressure, were the major constraints in altering the codon bias of ASF virus. codon usage bias analysis was performed with no substantial differences in codon usage of the ASFV in pig and tick. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00719-x.
Collapse
|
48
|
Spatiotemporally Orchestrated Interactions between Viral and Cellular Proteins Involved in the Entry of African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122495. [PMID: 34960765 PMCID: PMC8703583 DOI: 10.3390/v13122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars with a mortality of up to 100%. The causative agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a member of the Asfarviridae family of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The genome size of ASFV ranges from 170 to 194 kb, encoding more than 50 structural and 100 nonstructural proteins. ASFV virions are 260–300 nm in diameter and composed of complex multilayered structures, leading to an intricate internalization pathway to enter host cells. Currently, no commercial vaccines or antivirals are available, due to the insufficient knowledge of the viral receptor(s), the molecular events of ASFV entry into host cells, and the functions of virulence-associated genes. During the early stage of ASFV infection, the fundamental aspects of virus-host interactions, including virus internalization, intracellular transport through the endolysosomal system, and membrane fusion with endosome, are precisely regulated and orchestrated via a series of molecular events. In this review, we summarize the currently available knowledge on the pathways of ASFV entry into host cells and the functions of viral proteins involved in virus entry. Furthermore, we conclude with future perspectives and highlight areas that require further investigation. This review is expected to provide unique insights for further understanding ASFV entry and facilitate the development of vaccines and antivirals.
Collapse
|
49
|
Mooring stone-like Arg 114 pulls diverse bulged peptides: first insight into African swine fever virus-derived T cell epitopes presented by swine MHC class I. J Virol 2021; 96:e0137821. [PMID: 34851145 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01378-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), which is a devastating pig disease threatening the global pork industry. However, currently no commercial vaccines are available. During the immune response, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules select viral peptide epitopes and present them to host cytotoxic T lymphocytes, thereby playing critical roles in eliminating viral infections. Here we screened peptides derived from ASFV and determined the molecular basis of ASFV-derived peptides presented by the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-1*0101. We found that peptide binding in SLA-1*0101 differs from the traditional mammalian binding patterns. Unlike the typical B and F pockets used by the common MHC-I molecule, SLA-1*0101 uses the D and F pockets as major peptide anchor pockets. Furthermore, the conformationally stable Arg114 residue located in the peptide-binding groove (PBG) was highly selective for the peptides. Arg114 draws negatively charged residues at positions P5 to P7 of the peptides, which led to multiple bulged conformations of different peptides binding to SLA-1*0101 and creating diversity for T cells receptor docking. Thus, the solid Arg114 residue acts as a "mooring stone" and pulls the peptides into the PBG of SLA-1*0101. Notably, the T cells recognition and activation of p72-derived peptides were verified by SLA-1*0101 tetramer-based flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the donor pigs. These results refresh our understanding of MHC I molecular anchor peptides, and provide new insights into vaccine development for the prevention and control of ASF. IMPORTANCE The spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused enormous losses to the pork industry worldwide. Here, a series of ASFV-derived peptides were identified, which could bind to swine leukocyte antigen SLA-1*0101, a prevalent SLA allele among Yorkshire pigs. The crystal structure of four ASFV-derived peptides and one foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-derived peptide complexed with SLA-1*0101 revealed an unusual peptide anchoring mode of SLA-1*0101 with D and F pockets as anchoring pockets. Negatively-charged residues are preferred within the middle portion of SLA-1*0101-binding peptides. Notably, we determined an unexpected role of Arg114 of SLA-1*0101 as a "mooring stone" which pulls the peptide anchoring into the PBG in diverse "M" or "n" shaped conformation. Furthermore, T cells from donor pigs could activate through the recognition of ASFV-derived peptides. Our study sheds light on the uncommon presentation of ASFV peptides by swine MHC I and benefits the development of ASF vaccines.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang G, Xie M, Wu W, Chen Z. Structures and Functional Diversities of ASFV Proteins. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112124. [PMID: 34834930 PMCID: PMC8619059 DOI: 10.3390/v13112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative pathogen of the recent ASF epidemic, is a highly contagious double-stranded DNA virus. Its genome is in the range of 170~193 kbp and encodes 68 structural proteins and over 100 non-structural proteins. Its high pathogenicity strains cause nearly 100% mortality in swine. Consisting of four layers of protein shells and an inner genome, its structure is obviously more complicated than many other viruses, and its multi-layered structures play different kinds of roles in ASFV replication and survival. Each layer possesses many proteins, but very few of the proteins have been investigated at a structural level. Here, we concluded all the ASFV proteins whose structures were unveiled, and explained their functions from the view of structures. Those structures include ASFV AP endonuclease, dUTPases (E165R), pS273R protease, core shell proteins p15 and p35, non-structural proteins pA151R, pNP868R (RNA guanylyltransferase), major capsid protein p72 (gene B646L), Bcl-2-like protein A179L, histone-like protein pA104R, sulfhydryl oxidase pB119L, polymerase X and ligase. These novel structural features, diverse functions, and complex molecular mechanisms promote ASFV to escape the host immune system easily and make this large virus difficult to control.
Collapse
|