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Briand M, Raffin J, Gonzalez-Bautista E, Ritz P, Abellan Van Kan G, Pillard F, Faruch-Bilfeld M, Guyonnet S, Dray C, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P, Rolland Y. Body composition and aging: cross-sectional results from the INSPIRE study in people 20 to 93 years old. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01245-6. [PMID: 39028455 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by several major changes, including altered body composition, which is associated with numerous negative clinical consequences such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and frailty. The study is to evaluate body composition parameters depending on age and sex in a population ranging from the young adult to the very old, and to identify break points in the association between body composition and age. In this cross-sectional study, we included the enrolment population of the French INSPIRE-T prospective cohort, accounting for 915 subjects (62% female). Age ranged from 20 to 93 years, median age (years) was 63 (IQR 27). Body composition (lean mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content) was assessed with dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Different break points in the relationship between age and body composition variables in males and females were identified using a segmented regression analysis adjusted on physical activity, nutritional status, educational level, and comorbidities. Lean mass decreased from the age of 55 years for males (CI 95% 44-66) and 31 years for females (CI 95% 23-39). For fat mass, we observed a trend towards an increase with age for males. For females, we observed an increase with age up to age 75 (CI 95% 62-86), followed by a decreasing trend. In this study, we described the relationship between body composition and age as a function of sex, establishing a foundation for further studies on predictive biomarkers of age-related body composition alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Briand
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France.
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jeremy Raffin
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez-Bautista
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Ritz
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabor Abellan Van Kan
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Pillard
- Department of Sport Medicine, Hospital and University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sophie Guyonnet
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Dray
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France
- Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Altug H, Ogurtsova K, Breyer-Kohansal R, Schiffers C, Ofenheimer A, Tzivian L, Hartl S, Hoffmann B, Lucht S, Breyer MK. Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and noise with body composition in children and adults: Results from the LEAD general population study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108799. [PMID: 38865830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While long-term air pollution and noise exposure has been linked to increasing cardiometabolic disease risk, potential effects on body composition remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution, noise and body composition. METHODS We used repeated data from the LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) study conducted in Vienna, Austria. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), fat mass index (FMI; z-score), and lean mass index (LMI; z-score) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the first (t0; 2011-ongoing) and second (t1; 2017-ongoing) examinations. Annual particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations were estimated with the GRAMM/GRAL model (2015-2021). Day-evening-night (Lden) and night-time (Lnight) noise levels from transportation were modeled for 2017 following the European Union Directive 2002/49/EC. Exposures were assigned to residential addresses. We performed analyses separately in children/adolescents and adults, using linear mixed-effects models with random participant intercepts and linear regression models for cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, respectively. Models were adjusted for co-exposure, lifestyle and sociodemographics. RESULTS A total of 19,202 observations (nt0 = 12,717, nt1 = 6,485) from participants aged 6-86 years (mean age at t0 = 41.0 years; 52.9 % female; mean PM10 = 21 µg/m3; mean follow-up time = 4.1 years) were analyzed. Among children and adolescents (age ≤ 18 years at first visit), higher PM10exposure was cross-sectionally associated with higher FMI z-scores (0.09 [95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.03, 0.16]) and lower LMI z-scores (-0.05 [95 % CI: -0.10, -0.002]) per 1.8 µg/m3. Adults showed similar trends in cross-sectional associations as children, though not reaching statistical significance. We observed no associations for noise exposures. Longitudinal analyses on body composition changes over time yielded positive associations for PM10, but not for other exposures. CONCLUSION Air pollution exposure, mainly PM10, was cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with body composition in children/adolescents and adults. Railway/road-traffic noise exposures showed no associations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicran Altug
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Katherine Ogurtsova
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian Tzivian
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Faculty of Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Vienna Healthcare Group, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
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Berg J, Nauman J, Wisløff U. Normative values for body composition in 22,191 healthy Norwegian adults 20-99 years: The HUNT4 study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0033-0620(24)00089-6. [PMID: 38925258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass, body mass index (BMI), and body composition components are essential for health and longevity. Considering the influence of demographic factors on body composition, there is a need for tailored reference values based on age-, sex-, and geography. We aimed to construct a comprehensive reference material on body composition in healthy Norwegian adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we estimated age- and sex-specific reference values for body-, fat-, and muscle mass variables using multi-frequency bioelectrial impedance analysis (such as body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area) in 22,191 healthy adults aged 20-99 years participating in the Trøndelag Health Study 4 (HUNT4). We calculated the fat mass and skeletal muscle mass index as the total fat and muscle mass relative to height squared and used general linear models to explore the associations between physical activity (PA), BMI, and age. RESULTS With a BMI (kg/m2) of 25.4 (SD 5.1) and 26.0 (4.5) for women and men, respectively, the youngest age group (20-39 yrs) had a lower BMI compared to their counterparts aged 40-59 years (26.3 [4.5] and 27.5 [3.8]) and ≥ 60 years (25.7 [4.1] and 26.5 [3.4]), respectively. Those aged 20-39 years also had the lowest values for the different body fat variables measured. Fat mass index (kg/m2) was 8.41 (4.00) and 5.81 (3.29) for women and men aged 20-39 years, respectively, compared to 9.25 (3.21) and 6.86 (2.46) for those aged ≥60 years. The oldest age group had the lowest values for the various muscle mass variables; women and men aged 60+ years had a skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) of 8.91 (0.85) and 10.96 (1.00), respectively. Corresponding values for those aged 20-39 years were 9.33 (0.97) and 11.49 (1.15). For all age groups and both sexes, regular physical activity was associated with lower levels of fat mass, whereas the association between muscle mass and PAwas less conclusive. When using body fat percentage as an obesity measure, we observed a much higher obesity prevalence (41.2%) in the study population compared to BMI (17.3%). CONCLUSIONS Our study offers a comprehensive reference for body composition among healthy adults in Norway, aiding the identification of abnormal fat and muscle mass values across age groups. We also highlight that BMI often misclassifies individuals with adiposity levels in the overweight or obese category as lean. Therefore, incorporating body composition when defining obesity could enable early intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Berg
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Javaid Nauman
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Haapanen MJ, Kananen L, Mikkola TM, Jylhävä J, Wasenius NS, Eriksson JG, von Bonsdorff MB. Frailty in Midlife as a Predictor of Changes in Body Composition from Midlife into Old Age: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Gerontology 2024; 70:831-841. [PMID: 38718772 DOI: 10.1159/000539204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated the association between frailty and subsequent body composition. METHODS We performed separate linear mixed model analyses to study the associations between changes in the participant frailty status assessed by a frailty index (FI) and subsequent body mass index (BMI), lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and FMI to LMI ratio values assessed on three occasions over 17 years. The analyses were carried out among 996 participants spanning from age 57 to 84 years. RESULTS With advancing age, LMI and BMI decreased, whereas FMI and FMI to LMI ratio increased. Participants with "stable frailty," followed by those with "increasing frailty" experienced faster decreases in LMI and faster increases in FMI and FMI to LMI ratio values from midlife into old age relative to those in the group "stable not frail." Contrastingly, those in the highest third of absolute annual increase in FMI and FMI to LMI ratio became more frail faster from midlife into old age relative to those in the lowest third. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of an adverse health outcome of frailty where lean indices declined faster and fat indices and fat-to-lean ratios increased faster from midlife into old age. The changes resembled those that occurred with aging, but at a faster pace. The relationship between body composition and frailty is likely bidirectional, where high or increasing levels of fat are associated with the risk of becoming more frail earlier, but where a longer duration of frailty may increase the risk of faster age-related changes to body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Haapanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Kananen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuija M Mikkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niko S Wasenius
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Goto Y, Nagamine Y, Hanafusa M, Kawahara T, Nawa N, Tateishi U, Ueki Y, Miyamae S, Wakabayashi K, Nosaka N, Miyazaki Y, Tohda S, Fujiwara T. Association of excess visceral fat and severe illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Japan: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:674-682. [PMID: 38233538 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is a well-known risk factor for the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adipose tissue distribution has also been implicated as an important factor in the body's response to infection, and excess visceral fat (VF), which is prevalent in Japanese, may contribute significantly to the severity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of obesity and VF with COVID-19 severe illness in Japan. SUBJECTS/METHODS This retrospective cohort study involved 550 COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital with BMI and body composition data, including VF. The primary endpoint was severe illness, including death, due to COVID-19 during hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the quartiles of BMI and VF on severe illness after adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, subcutaneous fat, paraspinal muscle radiodensity, and comorbidities affecting VF (COPD, cancer within 5 years, immunosuppressive agent use). RESULTS The median age was 56.0 years; 71.8% were males. During hospitalization, 82 (14.9%) experienced COVID-19 severe illness. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, Q4 of BMI was not significantly associated with severe illness compared to Q1 of BMI (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.37-2.86; p = 0.95). Conversely, Q3 and Q4 of VF showed a higher risk for severe illness compared to Q1 of VF (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.01-7.11; p = 0.04, OR 3.66; 95% CI 1.30-10.26; p = 0.01, respectively). Stratified analysis by BMI and adjusted for covariates showed the positive association of VF with severe illness only in the BMI < 25 kg/m2 group. CONCLUSIONS High BMI was not an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severe illness in hospitalized patients in Japan, whereas excess VF significantly influenced severe illness, especially in patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Goto
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuiko Nagamine
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Hanafusa
- Department of Tokyo Metropolitan Health Policy Advisement, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kawahara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueki
- Department of Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyamae
- Disaster Medical Care Office, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakabayashi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chang YH, Chang CS, Liu CY, Chang YF, Shun SC. Prediction of high visceral adipose tissue for sex-specific community residents in Taiwan. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13104. [PMID: 38413495 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is strongly linked with numerous chronic diseases; however, the accessibility for visceral adipose tissue measurement is limited. This study employed a cross-sectional design to determine the optimal strongest predictor of high visceral adipose tissue in each sex and identified the optimal cutoff value thereof. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 94 men and 326 women aged ≥40 years in southern Taiwan. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to explore the optimal predictor of high visceral adipose tissue (defined as ≥135 cm2 for men and ≥100 cm2 for women) in each sex. The waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest predictor for men, with a cutoff value of 0.96 yielding the maximum sensitivity (94.29%) and specificity (93.22%). By contrast, body mass index was the strongest predictor for women, with a cutoff value of 25.45 kg/m2 yielding the maximum sensitivity (87.18%) and specificity (87.55%). The results may serve as a reference for health policy-makers in screening for high visceral adipose tissue to identify individuals at high risk of developing chronic diseases for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fan Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ching Shun
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hassouneh R, Flynn S, Shen S, Tseng M, Bui AT, Pham J, Park D, Matherly S, Bruno D, Lee S, Kumaran V, Patel V, Muthiah M, Sharma A, Siddiqui MS. Impact of Liver Transplantation on Adipose Tissue Compartments and Its Association With Metabolic Sequela. Transplantation 2024; 108:235-241. [PMID: 37439776 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of skeletal muscle can be accompanied by an increase in adipose tissue leading to sarcopenic obesity. There are limited data on how liver transplantation (LT) might impact adipose tissue compartments, particularly among patients with metabolically active disease, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and subsequent metabolic sequela. METHODS Skeletal muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured using cross-sectional imaging performed in 190 patients pre-LT, 6 mo post-LT and 12 mo post-LT. Changes in adipose tissue and their impact on metabolic diseases were determined in patients transplanted for NASH versus non-NASH. RESULTS Skeletal muscle, VAT, and SAT were similar in patients with NASH and non-NASH pre-LT despite a higher burden of metabolic diseases in patients with NASH. Following LT, no significant differences between skeletal muscle and SAT were observed in the entire cohort and among patients with NASH (versus non-NASH). LT recipients with the highest muscle mass pre-LT were at the greatest risk for muscle loss post-LT. A time-dependent increase in VAT was noted post-LT, which was more robust among patients with a history of NASH cirrhosis. In adjusted multivariate analysis, NASH versus non-NASH was a strong predictor of post-LT increase in VAT (β-coefficient 3.00, P = 0.04). Pre-LT VAT was an independent predictor of post-LT serum triglycerides (β-coefficient 5.49 ± 2.78, P = 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β-coefficient 1.80 ± 0.75, P = 0.02). A trend between pre-LT VAT and diabetes was noted but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS VAT but not SAT increases rapidly after LT, especially among patients transplanted for NASH cirrhosis and predicts future metabolic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Hassouneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Steve Shen
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Michael Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Anh Tuan Bui
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jay Pham
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Dan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Scott Matherly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - David Bruno
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Seung Lee
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Vinay Kumaran
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Vaishali Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Heptology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Amit Sharma
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Lundby C, Mazza O, Nielsen J, Haubro M, Kvorning T, Ørtenblad N, Gejl KD. Eight weeks of heavy strength training increases hemoglobin mass and V̇o 2peak in well-trained to elite female and male rowers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1-12. [PMID: 37942530 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00587.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
O2-transport and endurance exercise performance are greatly influenced by hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), which largely depends on lean body mass (LBM). This study investigated the effects of 8 wk with three weekly sessions of conventional (3-SET: 3 × 10 reps) or high-volume strength training (10-SET: 5-10 × 10 reps) on LBM, Hbmass, muscle strength, and exercise performance in female and male rowers. Hematological parameters were obtained through CO rebreathing and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans before and after the training period. Concomitantly, V̇o2peak was determined during 2-km ergometer rowing and muscle strength by isometric midthigh pull. There were no differences in training responses between groups for any of the parameters. Pooled data revealed overall increments for Hbmass (10-SET: 882 ± 199 g to 897 ± 213 g; 3-SET: 936 ± 245 g to 962 ± 247 g, P = 0.02) and V̇o2peak (10-SET: 4.3 ± 1.0 to 4.4 ± 0.9 L·min-1; 3-SET: 4.5 ± 0.9 to 4.6 ± 0.9 L·min-1, P = 0.03), whereas LBM remained unchanged (10-SET: 58.7 ± 10.5 to 58.7 ± 10.1 kg; 3-SET: 64.1 ± 10.8 to 64.5 ± 10.6 kg, P = 0.42). Maximal isometric midthigh pull strength increased (10-SET: 224 ± 47 kg to 237 ± 55 kg; 3-SET: 256 ± 77 kg to 281 ± 83 kg, P = 0.001). Strong associations were observed between LBM and Hbmass and V̇o2peak (r2 = 0.88-0.90), entailing sex differences in Hbmass and V̇o2peak. Normalizing V̇o2peak to LBM reduced the sex difference to ∼10%, aligning with the sex difference in Hbmass·LBM-1. Strength training successfully increased Hbmass and V̇o2peak in elite female and male rowers, without an additional effect from increased training volume. Moreover, sex differences in V̇o2peak were mainly explained by differences in LBM, but likely also by differences in Hbmass·LBM-1.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study in female and male rowers demonstrates that hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), V̇o2peak, and muscle strength increases with 8 wk of heavy strength training and that this response is not different between conventional (3 × 10 repetitions) and high-volume strength training (10 × 10 repetitions). Moreover, female rowers exhibited less hemoglobin per kilogram of lean body mass compared with their male counterparts, which likely contributes to sex differences in V̇o2peak and rowing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Lundby
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oscar Mazza
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Haubro
- The Danish Rowing Federation, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | - Thue Kvorning
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Degn Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Song X, Wu H, Wang B, Sun H. Association of body fat and muscle tissue parameters with fatty liver disease identified by ultrasound. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37794426 PMCID: PMC10548726 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between body fat and muscle parameters and FLD in individuals of Chinese descent. METHODS A total of 515 participants who underwent routine check-ups between November 2019 and August 2021 were reviewed. Based on ultrasound performance, the subjects were categorized into the non-FLD group and the FLD group. The prevalence of FLD in sex subgroups was analyzed using logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of body composition parameters with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS A total of 262 males and 253 females aged 20-84 years were reviewed. In both males and females, higher fat mass index (FMI) (OR: 1.989 for males vs. 1.389 for females), fat mass percent (FM%) (OR: 1.253 for males vs. 1.149 for females), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (OR: 1.002 for males vs. 1.002 for females), and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.530 for males vs. 1.247 for females)were associated with increased ORs of FLD while higher lean mass percent (LM%) (OR: 0.839 for males vs. 0.856 for females)was associated with decreased ORs of FLD. Despite accounting for confounding factors, the associations remained present. Logistic regression of the quartiles of the indices showed associations with the prevalence of FLD. The trends still existed even after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION Independently of age, lipid profiles and other confounders, lower VAT, FM, FMI, FM% and BMI tended to be associated with a lower prevalence of FLD, while lower LM% trended to be associated with a higher prevalence of FLD in both sexes of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Song
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and Health Key Laboratory of Abdominal Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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10
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Campa F, Coratella G, Cerullo G, Stagi S, Paoli S, Marini S, Grigoletto A, Moroni A, Petri C, Andreoli A, Ceolin C, Degan R, Izzicupo P, Sergi G, Mascherini G, Micheletti Cremasco M, Marini E, Toselli S, Moro T, Paoli A. New bioelectrical impedance vector references and phase angle centile curves in 4,367 adults: The need for an urgent update after 30 years. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1749-1758. [PMID: 37544246 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) represents a qualitative analysis of body composition. The vector, defined by resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) standardized by stature, can be evaluated compared to the 50%,75%, and 95% tolerance ellipses representative of the reference populations. The tolerance ellipses for healthy adults have been provided in 1995 and were developed by mixing underage, adult, and elderly subjects, possibly misrepresenting the actual adult population. The current multicentric, cross-sectional study aimed to provide new tolerance ellipses specific for the general adult population and as a secondary aim to present centile curves for the bioelectrical phase angle. METHODS R, Xc, and phase angle were measured in 2137 and 2230 males and females using phase-sensitive foot-to-hand analyzers at 50 kHz. A minimum of 35 subjects were included for each sex and age category from 18 to 65 years. RESULTS The new mean vectors showed a leftward shift on the R-Xc graph with respect to the former reference values (males: F = 75.3; p < 0.001; females: F = 36.6, p < 0.001). The results provided new 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 97th percentile curves for phase angle, identifying time point phases of decrement (males: -0.03° per year at 33.0-51.0 years and -0.05° per year after 51 years; females: -0.03° per year from 37.2 to 57.9 years). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the original references, the new data are characterized by a different distribution within the R-Xc graph with a higher phase angle. Thirty years after the BIVA invention, the current study presents new tolerance ellipses and phase angle reference values for the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Campa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Stagi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samuele Paoli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Marini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessia Grigoletto
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristian Petri
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Angela Andreoli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceolin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella Degan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mascherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Tatiana Moro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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11
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Sagat P. Reference standards for the 6-min walk test in Croatian older adults. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1226585. [PMID: 37601636 PMCID: PMC10436743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1226585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is commonly used to assess the level of functional capacity of individuals with respiratory diseases. Although previous evidence has provided reference standards for the 6MWT in unhealthy older adults, no data have been provided for the Croatian healthy older populations. Therefore, the main purposes of the study were to define sex- and age-specific references for the 6MWT in older adults. Methods: Six-hundred and forty-three older adults (260 men and 383 women) aged 60-80 years were recruited in this observational cross-sectional study. The participants were instructed to walk the maximal distance possible for 6 min. The main outcome was the final score in the 6MWT conducted at a 30-m straight corridor. Results: Men exhibited longer walking distance, compared to women (678.3 ± 59.1 vs. 653.8 ± 49.9 m, p < 0.001) and younger men and women performed better, than their older counterparts (p < 0.001). However, the sex*age interaction effect showed no significant differences between men and women in the same age range (p = 0.865). Discussion: This is the first study with the purpose of providing reference standards for the 6MWT in a large sample of Croatian older adults. Older men and women in lower percentiles may be treated as a "risky group" of individuals with a special attention of implementing interventions to enhance the performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagat
- GSD/Health and Physical Education Department, Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Axelrod CL, Dantas WS, Kirwan JP. Sarcopenic obesity: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Metabolism 2023:155639. [PMID: 37380015 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical and mechanistically undefined as to why a subset of adults with obesity develop muscular decline, an anabolic stimulus generally associated with retention of lean mass. Here, we review evidence surrounding the definition, etiology, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity with an emphasis on emerging regulatory nodes with therapeutic potential. We review the available clinical evidence largely focused on diet, lifestyle, and behavioral interventions to improve quality of life in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Based upon available evidence, relieving consequences of energy burden such as oxidative stress, myosteatosis, and/or mitochondrial dysfunction is a promising area for therapeutic development in the treatment and management of sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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13
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Haapanen M, Mikkola T, Kortelainen L, Jylhävä J, Wasenius N, Kajantie E, Eriksson J, von Bonsdorff M. Body Composition in Late Midlife as a Predictor of Accelerated Age-associated Deficit-accumulation From Late Midlife into Old Age: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:980-987. [PMID: 36434783 PMCID: PMC10235203 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) may not be an optimal predictor of frailty as its constituents, lean and fat mass, may have opposite associations with frailty. METHODS A linear mixed model analysis was performed in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n = 2 000) spanning from 57 to 84 years. A 39-item frailty index (FI) was calculated on three occasions over 17 years. Body composition in late midlife included BMI, percent body fat (%BF), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lean mass index (LMI), and fat mass index (FMI). RESULTS Mean FI levels increased by 0.28%/year among men and by 0.34%/year among women. Among women, per each kg/m2 higher BMI and each unit higher %BF the increases in FI levels per year were 0.013 percentage points (PP) steeper (95% CI = 0.004, 0.023) and 0.009 PP steeper (95% CI = 0.002, 0.016) from late midlife into old age. Among men, per each 0.1-unit greater WHR the increase in FI levels was 0.074 PP steeper per year (95% CI = -0.0004, 0.148). Cross-sectionally, greater FMI and LMI in late midlife were associated with higher FI levels but the direction of the association regarding LMI changed after adjustment for FMI. The categories "high FMI and high LMI" and "high FMI and low LMI" showed the highest FI levels relative to the category "low FMI and low LMI". CONCLUSIONS In late midlife, greater adiposity (%BF) among women and abdominal obesity (WHR) among men may predispose to higher levels of frailty from late midlife into old age. Greater lean mass alone may be protective of frailty, but not in the presence of high fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Haapanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tuija M Mikkola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kortelainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niko S Wasenius
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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14
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Meys R, Machado FV, Spruit MA, Stoffels AA, van Hees HW, van den Borst B, Klijn PH, Burtin C, Pitta F, Franssen FM. Frequency and Functional Consequences of Low Appendicular Lean Mass and Sarcopenic Obesity in Patients with Asthma Referred for Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Obes Facts 2023; 16:435-446. [PMID: 37232056 PMCID: PMC10601668 DOI: 10.1159/000531196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most prominent extrapulmonary manifestations in patients with chronic respiratory disease is changes in body weight and composition. However, the frequency and functional consequences of low appendicular lean mass (ALM) or sarcopenic obesity (SO) in patients with asthma are largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the frequency and functional consequences of low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and SO in patients with asthma. METHODS A retrospectively analyzed cross-sectional study was conducted in 687 patients with asthma (60% female, 58 ± 13 years, FEV1 76 ± 25% pred) referred for comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Body composition, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quadriceps muscle function, and quality of life were assessed. Patients were classified as presenting low ALMI according to the 10th percentiles of age-sex-body mass index (BMI)-specific reference values and as having SO according to the diagnostic procedure proposed by the 2022 ESPEN/EASO consensus. In addition, clinical outcomes between patients with normal and low ALMI or with and without SO were compared. RESULTS The frequency of patients classified as low ALMI was 19%, whereas 45% of the patients were obese. Among the obese patients, 29% had SO. In patients with normal weight, those with low ALMI were younger and had worse pulmonary function, exercise capacity and quadriceps muscle function than those with normal ALMI (all p < 0.05). Overweight patients with low ALMI presented poorer pulmonary function and quadriceps muscle function (both strength and total work capacity). In obese class I patients, those with low ALMI showed lower quadriceps strength and maximal oxygen uptake acquired during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Both male and female patients with SO showed lower quadriceps muscle function and reduced maximal exercise capacity compared to non-SO asthma patients. CONCLUSION Approximately one in five asthma patients presented low ALM when age-sex-BMI-specific ALMI cutoffs were applied. Obesity is common among patients with asthma referred for PR. Among the obese patients, a significant proportion presented SO. Low ALM and SO were associated with worse functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Meys
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe V.C. Machado
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Martijn A. Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A.F. Stoffels
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hieronymus W.H. van Hees
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Borst
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Klijn
- Department of Pulmonology, Merem Pulmonary Rehabilitation Centre, Hilversum, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Burtin
- REVAL–Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED–Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Fabio Pitta
- Department of Physical Therapy, Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Frits M.E. Franssen
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Wopat H, Harrod T, Brem RF, Kaltman R, Anderson K, Robien K. Body composition and chemotherapy toxicity among women treated for breast cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01380-7. [PMID: 37093518 PMCID: PMC11299853 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Toxicity is a significant problem among women receiving systemic chemotherapy for breast cancer, with up to 60% experiencing hematologic and 14% experiencing non-hematologic toxicity. Chemotherapy is dosed using body surface area, which does not account for heterogeneity in lean body mass (LBM) and adipose tissue (AT). This systematic review, registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (#CRD42021279874), evaluates associations between body composition and chemotherapy-related toxicity during breast cancer treatment. METHODS Scientific literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and CENTRAL) were systematically searched in November 2021 for studies evaluating associations between body composition (assessed using computed tomography or dual x-ray absorptiometry) and chemotherapy-related toxicity among women receiving breast cancer treatment. Eligibility was not limited by year or country of publication. Article screening and data abstraction was conducted using the Covidence Systematic Review Management System. Predetermined criteria were used to evaluate rigor of participant recruitment, representativeness of the population, and use of validated measures of body composition and toxicity. RESULTS An inverse association between LBM and toxicity was reported in seven of the eight included studies, although definitions of low LBM differed across studies. Three studies evaluated the association between AT and chemotherapy toxicity with inconsistent findings. Heterogeneity in body composition measures/definitions and treatment regimens precluded the ability to perform meta-analyses. CONCLUSION Low LBM appears to be a risk factor for chemotherapy toxicity, but the role of AT is unclear. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Further research that accounts for guideline concordance in chemotherapy prescriptions and the use of supportive care medications is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wopat
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, 2nd Floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Tom Harrod
- Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel F Brem
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kendall Anderson
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, 2nd Floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Schiffers C, Ofenheimer A, Breyer MK, Mraz T, Lamprecht B, Burghuber OC, Hartl S, Wouters EFM, Breyer-Kohansal R. Prevalence of restrictive lung function in children and adults in the general population. Respir Med 2023; 210:107156. [PMID: 36870424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive lung function (RLF) is characterized by a reduced lung expansion and size. In the absence of lung volume measurements, restriction can be indirectly assessed with restrictive spirometric patterns (RSP) by spirometry. Prevalence data on RLF by the golden standard body plethysmography in the general population are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RLF and RSP in the general population by body plethysmography and to determine factors influencing RLF and RSP. METHODS Pre-bronchodilation lung function data of 8891 subjects (48.0% male, age 6-82 years) have been collected in the LEAD Study, a single-centered, longitudinal, population-based study from Vienna, Austria. The cohort was categorized in the following groups based on the Global Lung Initiative reference equations: normal subjects, RLF (TLC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), RSP (FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and a FVC < LLN), RSP only (RSP with TLC ≥ LLN). Normal subjects were considered those with FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and TLC between LLN and ULN (upper limit of normal). RESULTS The prevalence of RLF and RSP in the Austrian general population is 1.1% and 4.4%. Spirometry has a positive and negative predictive value of 18.0% and 99.6% to predict a restrictive lung function. Central obesity was associated with RLF. RSP was related to smoking and underweight. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of true restrictive lung function and RSP in the Austrian general population is lower than previously estimated. Our data confirm the need for direct lung volume measurement to diagnose true restrictive lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Mraz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Department of Pulmonology and Faculty of Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Otto Chris Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Faculty of Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud University, Faculty of Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Nuzzo JL. Narrative Review of Sex Differences in Muscle Strength, Endurance, Activation, Size, Fiber Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:494-536. [PMID: 36696264 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nuzzo, JL. Narrative review of sex differences in muscle strength, endurance, activation, size, fiber type, and strength training participation rates, preferences, motivations, injuries, and neuromuscular adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 494-536, 2023-Biological sex and its relation with exercise participation and sports performance continue to be discussed. Here, the purpose was to inform such discussions by summarizing the literature on sex differences in numerous strength training-related variables and outcomes-muscle strength and endurance, muscle mass and size, muscle fiber type, muscle twitch forces, and voluntary activation; strength training participation rates, motivations, preferences, and practices; and injuries and changes in muscle size and strength with strength training. Male subjects become notably stronger than female subjects around age 15 years. In adults, sex differences in strength are more pronounced in upper-body than lower-body muscles and in concentric than eccentric contractions. Greater male than female strength is not because of higher voluntary activation but to greater muscle mass and type II fiber areas. Men participate in strength training more frequently than women. Men are motivated more by challenge, competition, social recognition, and a desire to increase muscle size and strength. Men also have greater preference for competitive, high-intensity, and upper-body exercise. Women are motivated more by improved attractiveness, muscle "toning," and body mass management. Women have greater preference for supervised and lower-body exercise. Intrasexual competition, mate selection, and the drive for muscularity are likely fundamental causes of exercise behaviors in men and women. Men and women increase muscle size and strength after weeks of strength training, but women experience greater relative strength improvements depending on age and muscle group. Men exhibit higher strength training injury rates. No sex difference exists in strength loss and muscle soreness after muscle-damaging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Dai L, Huang XY, Lu YQ, Liu YY, Song CY, Zhang JW, Li J, Zhang Y, Shan Y, Shi Y. Defining reference values for body composition indices by magnetic resonance imaging in UK Biobank. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:992-1002. [PMID: 36717370 PMCID: PMC10067500 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for evaluating body composition. However, the reference ranges have not been established. METHODS Three lean tissue and seven adipose tissue parameters based on MRI data from the UK Biobank were used in this study. Participants with European ancestry and data on at least one parameter were screened. Age- and sex-specific percentile curves were generated using the lambda-mu-sigma method. Three levels of reference ranges were provided, which were equivalent to the mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD), 2 SDs and 2.5 SDs. RESULTS The final analysis set for each parameter ranged from 4842 to 14 148 participants (53.4%-56.6% women) with a median age of 61. For lean tissue parameters, compared with those at age 45, the median total lean tissue volume and total thigh fat-free muscle volume at age 70 were 2.83 and 1.73 L, and 3.02 and 1.51 L lower in men and women, respectively. The median weight-to-muscle ratios at age 45 were 0.51 and 0.83 kg/L lower compared with those at age 70 in men and women, respectively. Adipose tissue parameters showed inconsistent differences. In men, the median muscle fat infiltration, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 1.48%, 0.32 L, 0.08 L/m2 and 0.4 higher, and the median abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) volume and total adipose tissue volume were 0.47 and 0.41 L lower, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median total trunk fat volume was approximately 9.53 L at all ages. In women, the median muscle fat infiltration and VAT volume were 1.68% and 0.76 L higher, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median ASAT volume, total adipose tissue volume, total trunk fat volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 0.35 L, 0.78 L, 1.12 L, 0.49 L/m2 and 0.06 higher, respectively, at age 60 than at age 45. The medians of the former three parameters were 0.33 L, 0.14 L and 0.20 L lower, at age 70 than at age 60. The medians of the latter two parameters were approximately 3.64 L/m2 and 0.55 at ages between 60 and 70. CONCLUSIONS We have established reference ranges for MRI-measured body composition parameters in a large community-dwelling population. These findings provide a more accurate assessment of abnormal adipose and muscle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dai
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yu-Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Ying Song
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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19
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Schiffers C, Wouters EFM, Breyer-Kohansal R, Buhl R, Pohl W, Irvin CG, Breyer MK, Hartl S. Asthma Prevalence and Phenotyping in the General Population: The LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) Study. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:367-382. [PMID: 37063243 PMCID: PMC10094413 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s402326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous respiratory disease involving differential pathophysiological pathways and consequently distinct asthma phenotypes. Objective and Methods In the LEAD Study, a general population cohort (n=11.423) in Vienna ranging from 6-82 years of age, we addressed the prevalence of asthma and explored inflammatory asthma phenotypes that included allergic and non-allergic asthma, and within these phenotypes, an eosinophilic (eosinophils ≥300 cells/µL, or ≥150 cells/µL in the presence of ICS medication) or non-eosinophilic (eosinophils <300 cells/µL, or <150 cells/µL in the presence of ICS) phenotype. In addition, we compared various factors related to biomarkers, body composition, lung function, and symptoms in control subjects versus subjects with current asthma (current doctor's diagnosis of asthma). Results An overall prevalence of 4.6% was observed for current asthma. Furthermore, an age-dependent shift from allergic to non-allergic asthma was found. The non-eosinophilic phenotype was more prominent. Obesity was a prevalent condition, and body composition including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is affected in current asthma versus controls. Conclusion This broad-aged and large general population cohort identified differential patterns of inflammatory asthma phenotypes that were age-dependent. The presence of eosinophilia was associated with worse asthma control, increased asthma medication, increased VAT, and lower lung function, the opposite was found for the presence of an allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Schiffers
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: Caspar Schiffers, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, 1140, Austria, Email
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonology Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pohl
- Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pneumology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Faculty for Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Velázquez-Alva MC, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Rangel-Castillo I, Arrieta-Cruz I, Mendoza-Garcés L, Castaño-Seiquer A, Flores-Fraile J, Gutiérrez-Juárez R. Comparison of body fat percentage assessments by bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical prediction equations, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in older women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978971. [PMID: 36618693 PMCID: PMC9812576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 (±5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 (±4.8) and 40.7 (±6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the concordance was moderate (CCC 0.693). Conclusion This study found that BIA yielded good results in the estimation of BF% among women with heights over 145 cm. Also, in this group, the Woolcott predictive equation based on waist circumference and height ratio showed no significant differences compared to DXA in the paired comparison; however, the large error of estimates observed may limit its application. In older women, short stature may impact the validity of the body fat percentage estimates of anthropometric-based predictive equations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico,*Correspondence: María Esther Irigoyen-Camacho,
| | | | - Itzam Rangel-Castillo
- Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Unit Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Javier Flores-Fraile
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roger Gutiérrez-Juárez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Azzeh FS, Hamouh AE. Predictors of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption and its effect on adiposity parameters of female Saudi students. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31983. [PMID: 36626469 PMCID: PMC9750641 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has recently increased, accompanied by a steep increase in the consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (SSCBs). This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of SSCB consumption on adiposity parameters and to identify factors associated with increased SSCB intake among young adult females in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A validated closed questionnaire including 2 sections, general socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and anthropometric measurements, was used for data collection of female students (n = 1616) from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body composition were measured using an Omron HBF-510 body composition analyzer. Overall, 30.2% of the study participants consumed soda regularly. However, the percentages of occasional and never/rare soda intake were 40.1% and 29.7%, respectively. The results showed that BMI, WC, HC, body fat, and visceral fat increased with increasing SSCB intake. Physical inactivity, low income, smoking, low daily water intake, and obesity were associated with increased consumption of SSCB. In conclusion, a high rate of SSCB consumption increased obesity and body fat content in young adult females in Makkah City. Physical inactivity, low income, smoking, low daily water intake, and obesity were identified as predictors of increased SSCB consumption. Specific health education programs and effective public awareness campaigns could be held to address unhealthy SSCB drinking patterns to help improve young women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- * Correspondence: Firas Azzeh, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | - Abrar E. Hamouh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Association between Blood Manganese Levels and Visceral Adipose Tissue in the United States: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224770. [PMID: 36432456 PMCID: PMC9697925 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with a narrow toxic margin for human health. The association between Mn exposure and adverse visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the associations of blood Mn levels with VAT mass or visceral obesity in the general population in the United States. Method: This cross-sectional study included data of 7297 individuals released by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). VAT was quantified with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood Mn was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The generalized linear model and generalized additive model (GAM) were applied to estimate the linear and non-linear associations between Mn levels and VAT mass, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between blood Mn levels and the risk of visceral obesity. Results: Fully adjusted generalized linear regression revealed that individuals in the higher quantile of Mn had increased VAT mass compared with those in the lower quantile (β per quantile change = 0.025; 95% CI of 0.017, 0.033; p < 0.001). Positive associations were also observed in males and females (males: β per quantile change = 0.012, 95% CI of 0.002, 0.022 (p = 0.020); female: β per quantile change = 0.036; 95% CI of 0.023, 0.048 (p < 0.001)). The GAM illustrated that the non-linear associations between blood Mn levels and VAT mass were in U-shape patterns (effective degree of freedom >1 in total participants, males, and females). A stratified analysis found significant interactions between Mn and the family income-to-poverty ratio (PIR) in males, with stronger associations in males with a PIR < 1.3 (β = 0.109; 95% CI of 0.048, 0.170). Additional analyses revealed that individuals in the highest quantile of Mn had a 39% higher risk of visceral obesity (OR = 1.39; 95% CI of 1.15−1.69; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Higher blood Mn levels were positively associated with increased VAT mass and visceral obesity risk. The adverse VAT phenotype associated with excessive blood Mn levels should be further investigated.
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Body composition reference values in Singaporean adults using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-The Yishun study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276434. [PMID: 36269751 PMCID: PMC9586348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study establishes age- and sex-specific reference values for fat mass index (FMI), lean mass index (LMI), appendicular LMI (aLMI), and body fat distribution indices including Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio in multi-ethnic Singaporean adults. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery Wi) was carried out to measure whole body and regional fat and lean mass in community-dwelling adults. A total of 537 adults (57.5% women), aged from 21 to 90 years, were recruited from the large north-eastern residential town of Yishun. Age- and sex-specific percentile reference values were generated for FMI, LMI, aLMI, Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method. The relationship between the parameters and age were assessed through the Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS All parameters demonstrated significant correlation with age (p < 0.05) for both men and women, except for LMI in women, with the strength of r ranging from 0.12 (weak correlation) to 0.54 (strong correlation). LMI (r = -0.45) and appendicular LMI (r = -0.54) were negatively associated with age in men while none (r = -0.06) to weak correlation (r = -0.14) were shown in women for the same parameters respectively. The Android/Gynoid % fat ratio and Trunk/Limb % fat ratio were positively related to age for both men (r = 0.37 & 0.43, p < 0.001) and women (r = 0.52 & 0.48, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We have established DXA-based body composition reference data for the Singapore adult population. These reference data will be particularly useful in geriatric, obesity and oncology clinics, enabling the prescription of appropriate therapy to individuals at risk of morbidity from unfavorable body composition phenotypes. It also adds on to the limited reference database on Southeast Asian body composition.
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Diaz-Canestro C, Pentz B, Sehgal A, Yang R, Xu A, Montero D. Lean body mass and the cardiovascular system constitute a female-specific relationship. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo2641. [PMID: 36260693 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence points toward a link between lean body mass (LBM) and cardiovascular capacity in women. This study aimed at determining the sex-specific relationship of LBM with central and peripheral circulatory variables in healthy women and men (n=70) matched by age (60±12 years versus 58±15 years), physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Regional (legs, arms, and trunk) and whole-body (total) body composition were assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cardiac structure, function, and central/peripheral hemodynamics were measured via transthoracic echocardiography and the volume-clamp method at rest and peak incremental exercise. Regression analyses determined sex-specific relationships between LBM and cardiovascular variables. Regional and total LBM were lower in women than men (P<0.001), with little overlap between sexes. Leg and arm LBM positively associated with left ventricular (LV) internal resting dimensions in women (r≥0.53, P≤0.002) but not men (P≥0.156). Leg, arm, and total LBM only associated with LV relaxation in women (r≥0.43, P≤0.013). All LBM variables strongly associated with LV volumes at peak exercise in women (r≥0.54, P≤0.001) but not men and negatively associated with total peripheral resistance at peak exercise in women (r≥0.43, P≤0.023). Adjustment by adiposity-related or cardiovascular risk factors did not alter results. In conclusion, leg and arm LBM independently associate with internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular relaxation, and systemic vascular resistance in a sex-specific manner, with these relationships exclusively present in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Diaz-Canestro
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 279, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Brandon Pentz
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arshia Sehgal
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ranyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - David Montero
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 279, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam 999077, Hong Kong
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Wen HJ, Liu SH, Tsai CL. Effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on neurocognitive performance in obese women. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:291-304. [PMID: 35892114 PMCID: PMC9287612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous studies conducted on the long-term effects of an exercise intervention on deficits in inhibitory control in obese individuals. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effect of 12 weeks of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise on behavioral and cognitive electrophysiological performance involving cognitive interference inhibition in obese individuals. Methods Thirty-two qualified healthy obese women were randomly divided into either an exercise group (EG, age: 34.76 ± 5.52 years old; BMI: 29.35 ± 3.52 kg/m2) or a control group (CG, age: 33.84 ± 7.05 years old; BMI: 29.61 ± 4.31 kg/m2). All participants performed the Stroop task, with electrophysiological signals being collected simultaneously before and after a 12-week intervention. The estimated V̇O2max, muscular strength, and body fat percentage (measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were also assessed within one week before and after the intervention. Participants in the EG group engaged in 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise, 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks, while the participants in the CG group maintained their regular lifestyle without engaging in any type of exercise. Results The results revealed that although a 12-week exercise intervention did not enhance the behavioral indices [e.g., accuracy rates (ARs) and reaction times (RTs)] in the EG group, significantly shorter N2 and P3 latencies and greater P2 and P3 amplitudes were observed. Furthermore, the fat percentage distribution (e.g. total body fat %, trunk fat %, and leg fat %) and level of physical fitness (e.g. estimated V̇O2max and muscular strength) in the EG group were significantly improved. The changes prior to and after the intervention in the P3 amplitude and trunk fat percentage were significantly negatively correlated in the EG group (r = −0.521, p = 0.039). Conclusions These findings suggested that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise in obese women affects cognitive function broadly, but not specifically in terms of inhibitory control. The percentage of decreased trunk fat may play a potential facilitating role in inhibition processing in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Jhen Wen
- Physical Education Center, College of Education and Communication, Tzu Chi University, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Tzu Chi Hospital, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.. Physical Education Center, College of Education and Communication, Tzu Chi University, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hsin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan. Sports Medicine Center, Tzu Chi Hospital, 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institution of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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De Brandt J, Derave W, Vandenabeele F, Pomiès P, Blancquaert L, Keytsman C, Barusso-Grüninger MS, de Lima FF, Hayot M, Spruit MA, Burtin C. Efficacy of 12 weeks oral beta-alanine supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2361-2372. [PMID: 35977911 PMCID: PMC9530565 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine, an abundant endogenous antioxidant and pH buffer in skeletal muscle. Carnosine loading promotes exercise capacity in healthy older adults. As patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from elevated exercise-induced muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress and acidosis, and from reduced muscle carnosine stores, it was investigated whether BA supplementation augments muscle carnosine and induces beneficial changes in exercise capacity, quadriceps function, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress in patients with COPD. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo (PL)-controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02770417), 40 patients (75% male) with COPD (mean ± standard deviation: age 65 ± 6 years; FEV1 % predicted 55 ± 14%) were assigned to 12 weeks oral BA or PL supplementation (3.2 g/day). The primary outcome, i.e. muscle carnosine, was quantified from m. vastus lateralis biopsies obtained before and after intervention. Co-primary outcomes, i.e. incremental and constant work rate cycle capacity, were also assessed. Linear mixed model analyses were performed. Compliance with and side effects of supplement intake and secondary outcomes (quadriceps strength and endurance, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress) were also assessed. RESULTS Beta-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine in comparison with PL in patients with COPD (mean difference [95% confidence interval]; +2.82 [1.49-4.14] mmol/kg wet weight; P < 0.001). Maximal incremental cycling capacity (VO2 peak: +0.5 [-0.7 to 1.7] mL/kg/min; P = 0.384, Wpeak: +5 [-1 to 11] W; P = 0.103) and time to exhaustion on the constant work rate cycle test (+28 [-179 to 236] s; P = 0.782) did not change significantly. Compliance with supplement intake was similar in BA (median (quartile 1-quartile 3); 100 (98-100)%) and PL (98 (96-100)%) (P = 0.294) groups, and patients did not report side effects possibly related to supplement intake. No change was observed in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Beta-alanine supplementation is efficacious in augmenting muscle carnosine (+54% from mean baseline value) without side effects in patients with COPD in comparison with PL. However, accompanied beneficial changes in exercise capacity, quadriceps function, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Brandt
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vandenabeele
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier - INSERM - CNRS - CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Blancquaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charly Keytsman
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marina S Barusso-Grüninger
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,LEFiR - Spirometry and Respiratory Laboratory, São Carlos Federal University - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano F de Lima
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Therapy, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier - INSERM - CNRS - CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO+, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Burtin
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,BIOMED - Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Puente-Ruiz SC, Jais A. Reciprocal signaling between adipose tissue depots and the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:979251. [PMID: 36200038 PMCID: PMC9529070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.979251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, various dietary and social factors led to the development of increased brain sizes alongside large adipose tissue stores. Complex reciprocal signaling mechanisms allow for a fine-tuned interaction between the two organs to regulate energy homeostasis of the organism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue secretes various hormones, cytokines, and metabolites that signal energy availability to the central nervous system (CNS). Vice versa, the CNS is a critical regulator of adipose tissue function through neural networks that integrate information from the periphery and regulate sympathetic nerve outflow. This review discusses the various reciprocal signaling mechanisms in the CNS and adipose tissue to maintain organismal energy homeostasis. We are focusing on the integration of afferent signals from the periphery in neuronal populations of the mediobasal hypothalamus as well as the efferent signals from the CNS to adipose tissue and its implications for adipose tissue function. Furthermore, we are discussing central mechanisms that fine-tune the immune system in adipose tissue depots and contribute to organ homeostasis. Elucidating this complex signaling network that integrates peripheral signals to generate physiological outputs to maintain the optimal energy balance of the organism is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Iconaru EI, Ciucurel C. The Relationship between Body Composition and ECG Ventricular Activity in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11105. [PMID: 36078821 PMCID: PMC9518147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the correlation between body composition (measured as weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage (BFP)) and electrocardiographic ventricular parameters (the QT and TQ intervals and the ratios between the electrical diastole and electrical systole (TQ/QT) and between the cardiac cycle and electrical diastole (RR/TQ), both for uncorrected and corrected intervals) in a sample of 50 healthy subjects (age interval 19-23 years, mean age 21.27 ± 1.41 years, 33 women and 17 men). Subjects' measurements were performed with a bioimpedancemetry body composition analyzer and a portable ECG monitor with six leads. Starting from the correlations obtained between the investigated continuous variables, we performed a standard linear regression analysis between the body composition parameters and the ECG ones. Our results revealed that some of our regression models are statistically significant (p < 0.001). Thus, a specific part of the variability of the dependent variables (ECG ventricular activity parameters for corrected QT intervals) is explained by the independent variable BFP. Therefore, body composition influences ventricular electrical activity in young adults, which implies a differentiated interpretation of the electrocardiogram in these situations.
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Chaves LGCDM, Gonçalves TJM, Bitencourt AGV, Rstom RA, Pereira TR, Velludo SF. Assessment of body composition by whole-body densitometry: what radiologists should know. Radiol Bras 2022; 55:305-311. [PMID: 36320374 PMCID: PMC9620846 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0155-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of body composition is a fundamental part of a nutritional status
assessment, and the use of diagnostic imaging methods has been increasingly
required for an adequate characterization of the lean body mass and fat mass.
Body composition measurements are useful in evaluating the effectiveness of
nutritional interventions and monitoring changes associated with aging and
chronic diseases. Whole-body densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA) is one of the most widely used methods in clinical practice, allowing
highly accurate assessment of the bone mineral content, lean body mass, and fat
mass. Although a DEXA examination provides a lot of information, there is still
no universal standardization of the parameters to be included in radiology
reports. The aim of this study was to review the most relevant information for
assessing body composition by whole-body densitometry.
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Chaves LGCDM, Gonçalves TJM, Bitencourt AGV, Rstom RA, Pereira TR, Velludo SF. Avaliação da composição corporal pela densitometria de corpo inteiro: o que os radiologistas precisam saber. Radiol Bras 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2021.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A análise da composição corporal é parte fundamental de uma avaliação nutricional, em que a utilização de métodos diagnósticos por imagem tem sido cada vez mais requisitada para uma adequada caracterização da massa magra e massa gorda corporal. Medidas de composição corporal são úteis em avaliar a eficácia das intervenções nutricionais e monitorar as mudanças associadas ao envelhecimento e condições de doenças crônicas. A densitometria de corpo inteiro utilizando a técnica de absorciometria de dupla energia (DEXA) é um dos métodos mais utilizados na prática clínica, que permite avaliação com elevada acurácia do conteúdo mineral ósseo, da gordura corporal e da massa magra. Este exame fornece grande quantidade de informações, no entanto, ainda não existe uma padronização universal de quais parâmetros devem ser incluídos nos relatórios radiológicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar as informações mais relevantes para avaliação da composição corporal fornecidas pela densitometria de corpo inteiro.
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Souto-Miranda S, van ‘t Hul AJ, Vaes AW, Antons JC, Djamin RS, Janssen DJA, Franssen FME, Marques A, Spruit MA. Differences in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Traits between Women and Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133680. [PMID: 35806965 PMCID: PMC9267757 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests sex-related differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether these differences are reflected in the prevalence of treatable traits remains unknown. Methods: Two samples of patients referred to secondary (n = 530) or tertiary care (n = 2012) were analyzed. Men and women were matched for age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and body mass index. Sex-related differences were tested using t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, or chi-square tests. Results: Frequent exacerbations (30.5 vs. 19.7%), high cardiovascular risk (88.1 vs. 66.2%) and activity-related severe dyspnea (50.9 vs. 34.8%) were more prevalent in women in secondary care (p < 0.05). Severe hyperinflation (43.0 vs. 25.4%), limited diffusing capacity (79.6 vs. 70.1%), impaired mobility (44.0 vs. 28.7%), frequent exacerbations (66.8 vs. 57.4%), frequent hospitalizations (47.5 vs. 41.6%), severe activity-related dyspnea (89.1 vs. 85.0%), symptoms of anxiety (56.3 vs. 42.0%) and depression (50.3 vs. 44.8%), and poor health status (79.9 vs. 71.0%) were more prevalent in women in tertiary care (p < 0.05). Severe inspiratory muscle weakness (14.6 vs. 8.2%) and impaired exercise capacity (69.1 vs. 59.6%) were more prevalent among men (p < 0.05) in tertiary care. Conclusions: Sex-related differences were found, with most traits more prevalent and severe among women. Care providers should be aware of these differences to adjust treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Souto-Miranda
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (A.W.V.); (D.J.A.J.); (F.M.E.F.); (M.A.S.)
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R) and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Alex J. van ‘t Hul
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.J.v.‘t.H.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Anouk W. Vaes
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (A.W.V.); (D.J.A.J.); (F.M.E.F.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Jeanine C. Antons
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.J.v.‘t.H.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Remco S. Djamin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Amphia Hospital, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands;
| | - Daisy J. A. Janssen
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (A.W.V.); (D.J.A.J.); (F.M.E.F.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits M. E. Franssen
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (A.W.V.); (D.J.A.J.); (F.M.E.F.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alda Marques
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R) and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Martijn A. Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands; (A.W.V.); (D.J.A.J.); (F.M.E.F.); (M.A.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kassiano W, Costa B, Nunes JP, Cyrino LT, Nascimento MA, Tomeleri C, Antunes M, Gobbo LA, Ribeiro AS, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass in 511 physically independent older women aged 60-88 years. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111867. [PMID: 35690259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although one-repetition maximum (1RM) and lean soft tissue (LST) are the most common measures to assess muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass in older adults, reference data is still missing. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce reference values for the 1RM tests and LST in physically independent older women. Furthermore, the effect of age and body segment on these outcomes was examined. Five hundred and eleven older women aged 60-88 years participated in the present study. The 1RM tests were performed on chest press, leg extension, and preacher curl exercises. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry exams were used to determine total and segmental LST. The 1RM and LST average values: chest press = 44.0 ± 11.1 kg, leg extension = 48.8 ± 11.8 kg, preacher curl = 21.6 ± 5.4 kg; trunk LST = 19.0 ± 2.7 kg, lower-limbs LST = 12.5 ± 1.9 kg, upper-limbs LST = 4.0 ± 0.7 kg, appendicular LST = 16.6 ± 2.6, total LST = 38.5 ± 5.2 kg. The age-related declines in 1RM chest press and leg extension were higher than in preacher curl. The present study provides reference values for 1RM of different body segments and total and segmental LST in older women. In addition, our results revealed a reduction of muscular strength and LST with increasing age, and the magnitude of the age-related strength reduction depends on the body segment analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Letícia T Cyrino
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Nascimento
- State Faculty of Education, Sciences and Languages of Paranavaí, Paraná State University (UNESPAR), Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Crisieli Tomeleri
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Melissa Antunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luís A Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, University Pitágoras Unopar, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- Research Unit in Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Qiao X, Hou G, Kang J, Wang QY, Yin Y. CT Attenuation and Cross-Sectional Area of the Pectoralis Are Associated With Clinical Characteristics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients. Front Physiol 2022; 13:833796. [PMID: 35721549 PMCID: PMC9205603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Muscle wasting is associated with prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Computed tomography (CT) could serve as a method for muscle assessment due to its ability to measure both muscle quantity (e.g., cross-sectional muscle area) and muscle quality (e.g., muscle attenuation). Our study aimed to compare the differences in CT-derived pectoralis muscle cross-sectional area (PMA) and pectoralis muscle attenuation (PMT) between COPD patients and healthy controls and explore the association between PMA and PMT measurements and clinical characteristics in patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 252 participants included in our analysis consisted of 80 healthy controls and 172 patients with COPD. PMA and PMT were measured from a single axial slice of the CT scan above the aortic arch. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between PMA and PMT measurements and clinical characteristics in patients with COPD. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, FEV1%pred, smoking pack-years, current smoking status, emphysema percentage, and total airway count (TAC) of the right upper lobe apical bronchus (RB1). Results: PMA and PMT were lower in COPD patients, especially those with acute exacerbation, than in healthy controls. PMA and PMT were significantly associated with the severity of emphysema and the TAC of RB1 (p < 0.05). Patients with stable COPD, who had lower PMA and lower PMT, had significantly worse pulmonary function, poorer exercise tolerance, decreased quality of life, and worse dyspnea scores. In addition, patients with acute COPD exacerbation, who had lower PMA and lower PMT, had a higher risk of respiratory failure on admission. Conclusion: CT-derived measurements of the pectoralis muscle may be helpful in detecting declines in muscle quantity and quality and predicting disease severity in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Yue Wang, ; Yan Yin,
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiu-Yue Wang, ; Yan Yin,
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Zhang Z, Yu X, Fang N, Long X, Ruan X, Qiu J, Tao S, Gong P, Nie K, Li A, Wang X, Tian L. Can visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle predict recurrence of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease in different treatments. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:250. [PMID: 35585617 PMCID: PMC9116006 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is crucial to manage the recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD). This study is aimed to explore whether visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) are associated with the recurrence of CD upon different treatments. METHODS All patients with a definite diagnosis of CD were retrospectively divided into three groups according to distinct treatment regimens: 5-amino salicylic acid group (Group A), steroids + azathioprine (Group B) and biologics (Group C). The pretreatment computerized tomography (CT) images and clinical data were collected. The VAT area, mesenteric fat index (MFI), the ratio of VAT area to fat mass (VAT area/FM) were assessed. The primary end point was the recurrence of CD within 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS A total of 171 CD patients were enrolled, including 57 (33.33%) patients in Group A, 70 (40.94%) patients in Group B and 44 (25.73%) patients in Group C. Patients with 1-year recurrence had higher MFI (P = 0.011) and VAT area/FM (P = 0.000). ROC curve demonstrated that patients with the ratio of VAT area/FM and MFI higher than 0.578 and 1.394 tended to have recurrence with the AUC of 0.707 and 0.709. Similar results could be observed in Group A & B but not in Group C. CONCLUSIONS High VAT area/FM and MFI are related to recurrence within 1 year for newly diagnosed CD patients treated by 5-amino salicylic or azathioprine + steroids rather than biologics. We could not observe any radiological data associated with the recurrence of CD patients under biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuyan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jianing Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Sifan Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Song X, Wu H, Zhang W, Wang B, Sun H. Equations for predicting DXA-measured visceral adipose tissue mass based on BMI or weight in adults. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:45. [PMID: 35578238 PMCID: PMC9109344 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, especially presenting with excessive amounts of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Aims To construct a predication equation for estimating VAT mass using anthropometric parameters and validate the models with a validation group. Methods Five hundred fifteen subjects (366 for the derivation group and 149 for the validation group) were enrolled in the study. The anthropometric parameters, blood lipid profile, and VAT mass were accessed from medical records. Stepwise regression was applied to develop prediction models based on the dual X–ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured VAT mass in the derivation group. Bland–Altman plots and correlation analysis were performed to validate the agreements in the validation group. The performance of the prediction equations was evaluated with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and area under the curve (AUC). Results Model 1, which included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the grade of hepatic steatosis, had a variance of 70%, and model 2, which included age, sex, weight, height, TG, HDL, and the grade of hepatic steatosis, had a variance of 74%. The VAT mass measured by DXA was correlated with age, sex, height, weight, BMI, TG, HDL, and grade of hepatic steatosis. In the validation group, the VAT mass calculated by the prediction equations was strongly correlated with the DXA–VAT mass (r = 0.870, r = 0.875, respectively). The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the two prediction equations were not significantly different (both P = 0.933). Conclusion The study suggests that prediction equations including age, sex, height, BMI, weight, TG, HDL, and the grade of hepatic steatosis could be useful tools for predicting VAT mass when DXA is not available. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01652-8.
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Cazzoletti L, Zanolin ME, Dorelli G, Ferrari P, Dalle Carbonare LG, Crisafulli E, Alemayohu MA, Olivieri M, Verlato G, Ferrari M. Six-minute walk distance in healthy subjects: reference standards from a general population sample. Respir Res 2022; 23:83. [PMID: 35382813 PMCID: PMC8985335 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) test is a useful tool to obtain a measure of functional exercise capacity. However, reference equations have been mainly based on selected populations or small samples. The purpose of this study was to determine the reference equations to predict the 6MWD in a large Italian population sample of healthy adults of a wide age range. Methods In the frame of the multi case–control population-based study Gene Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD), we studied 530 healthy subjects: 287 females ranging 21–76 and 243 males ranging 21–78 years of age. We measured 6MWD, demographic and anthropometric data and collected the reported physical activity. A multiple linear regression model for the 6MWD included age, age2, height, weight and physical activity for both sex equations. The two-way interaction age-height and age-weight and the quadratic terms of weight and height were also tested for inclusion separately in each model. Results The mean ± SD for 6MWD was 581.4 ± 66.5 m (range 383–800 m) for females and 608.7 ± 80.1 m (range 410–875 m) for males. The reference equations were 6MWD = 8.10*age + 1.61*heightcm−0.99*weightkg + 22.58*active−0.10*age2 + 222.55 for females (R squared = 0.238) and 6MWD = 26.80*age + 8.46*heightcm−0.45*weightkg−2.54*active−0.06*age2−0.13*age*heightcm−890.18 for males (R squared = 0.159), where “active” is 1 when the subject is physically active, 0 otherwise. Conclusion This study is the first to describe the 6MWD in a large population sample of young, middle aged and elderly healthy Caucasian subjects, and to determine reference equations. These findings will help to improve the evaluation of Italian and European patients with diseases influencing their functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cazzoletti
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisabetta Zanolin
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Dorelli
- School of Medicine in Sports and Exercise, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- School of Medicine in Sports and Exercise, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Crisafulli
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Mario Olivieri
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Ferrari
- School of Medicine in Sports and Exercise, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Maeda SS, Albergaria BH, Szejnfeld VL, Lazaretti-Castro M, Arantes HP, Ushida M, Domiciano DS, Pereira RMR, Marin-Mio RV, de Oliveira ML, de Mendonça LMC, do Prado M, de Souza GC, Palchetti CZ, Sarni ROS, Terreri MT, de Castro LCG, Artoni SMB, Amoroso L, Karcher DE, Prado CM, Gonzalez MC, de Medeiros Pinheiro M. Official Position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry-part II (clinical aspects): interpretation, reporting, and special situations. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:11. [PMID: 35365246 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment. In this second part of the Official Position, the authors discuss the interpretation and reporting of body composition parameters assessed by DXA and the use of DXA for body composition evaluation in special situations, including evaluation of children, persons with HIV, and animals. CONCLUSION This document offers recommendations for the use of DXA in body composition evaluation, including indications, interpretation, and applications, to serve as a guiding tool in clinical practice and research for health care professionals in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil.
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Department of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Szejnfeld
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | - Henrique Pierotti Arantes
- School of Medicine, Instituto Master de Ensino Presidente Antônio Carlos (IMEPAC), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Ushida
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Souza Domiciano
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Villa Marin-Mio
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | - Mônica Longo de Oliveira
- Discipline of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Estado de Israel, 639, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 04022-001, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cecília Zanin Palchetti
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Discipline of Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Terreri
- Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lizandra Amoroso
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Emy Karcher
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Medeiros Pinheiro
- Discipline of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fitch AK, Bays HE. Obesity definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and telehealth: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100004. [PMID: 37990702 PMCID: PMC10661988 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) regarding definition, diagnosis, bias, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and telehealth is intended to provide clinicians an overview of obesity medicine and provide basic organizational tools towards establishing, directing, managing, and maintaining an obesity medical practice. Methods This CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results OMA has defined obesity as: "A chronic, progressive, relapsing, and treatable multi-factorial, neurobehavioral disease, wherein an increase in body fat promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and abnormal fat mass physical forces, resulting in adverse metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences." While body mass index may be sufficiently diagnostic for populations and many patients, accurate diagnosis of adiposity in an individual may require anthropometric assessments beyond body weight alone (e.g., waist circumference, percent body fat, and android/visceral fat). Obesity complications can be categorized as "sick fat disease" (adiposopathy) and/or "fat mass disease." Obesity complications predominantly of fat mass origins include sleep apnea and orthopedic conditions. Obesity complications due to adiposopathic endocrinopathies and/or immunopathies include cardiovascular disease, cancer, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and alterations in sex hormones in both males (i.e., hypogonadism) and females (i.e., polycystic ovary syndrome). Obesity treatment begins with proactive steps to avoid weight bias, including patient-appropriate language, office equipment, and supplies. To help manage obesity and its complications, this CPS provides a practical template for an obesity medicine practice, creation of standard operating procedures, and incorporation of the OMA "ADAPT" method in telehealth (Assessment, Diagnosis, Advice, Prognosis, and Treatment). Conclusions The OMA CPS regarding "Obesity Definition, Diagnosis, Bias, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and Telehealth" is one in a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians care for patients with the disease of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Fitch
- Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center, Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford Street Suite 430, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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Burridge K, Christensen SM, Golden A, Ingersoll AB, Tondt J, Bays HE. Obesity history, physical exam, laboratory, body composition, and energy expenditure: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37990700 PMCID: PMC10661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass. Conclusion The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Burridge
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
| | - Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic and NP from Home, LLC, PO Box 25959, Munds Park, AZ, 86017, USA
| | - Amy B. Ingersoll
- Enara Health, 3050 S. Delaware Street, Suite 130, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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Gómez-Campos R, Vidal-Espinoza R, Castelli Correia de Campos LF, Sulla-Torres J, Cossio-Bolaños W, de Arruda M, Urra Albornoz C, Cossio-Bolaños M. Comparison of anthropometric indicators as predictors of the percentage of fat mass in young people and older adults in Chile. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022; 69:25-33. [PMID: 35232556 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether triponderal mass index (TMI) has a greater accuracy than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of obesity in young people and older adults in a region of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 1176 adults (565 men and 611 women) from the Maule region (Chile). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. The percentage of fat mass (%FM) was evaluated by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. TMI, BMI and WHtR were calculated. RESULTS The %FM predictions for BMI were 0.47% for men and 0.50% for women; for TMI, it was 0.50% for men and 0.51% for women; for WC, it was 0.28% for men and 0.21% for women; and finally, for WHtR, it was 0.28% in men and 0.21% in women. The area under the curve (AUC) for BMI was 0.85 in men and 0.85 in women; for TMI, it was 0.87 in men and 0.86 in women; for WHtR, it was 0.76 in men and 0.72 in women; and for WC, the AUC was 0.72 in men and 0.71 in women. CONCLUSION It was shown that TMI is the indicator that presented the greatest association with %FM and estimates body fat levels with greater precision than BMI, WC and WHtR. The results suggest its use and application as an indicator that discriminates obesity in young, middle-aged and elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Departamento de Diversidad e Inclusividad Educativa, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Wilbert Cossio-Bolaños
- Escuela de Posgrado, Segunda Especialidad de Estomatología, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Marco Cossio-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad Católica de Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Torgutalp Ş, Korkusuz F. ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT THICKNESS MEASURED BY ULTRASOUND AS A PREDICTOR OF TOTAL FAT MASS IN YOUNG- AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:58-63. [PMID: 35975245 PMCID: PMC9365411 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predictive equations estimate total fat mass obtained from multiple-site ultrasound measurements; however, the predictive equation of total fat mass has not been investigated solely from abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness. OBJECTIVE To develop regression-based prediction equations using abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness for predicting fat mass, and to explore the validity of these predictive equations. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven males and eighteen females were randomly divided into two groups as the model prediction and the validation. Total body fat mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The linear regression analysis was used to predict equations for total body fat mass from abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness acquired by ultrasound. Then, these predictive equations were tested on the validation group. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used as a further measure of agreement. RESULTS When fat mass prediction equations were tested on the validation groups, measured- and estimated-total fat masses in males (p=0.9) and females (p=0.5) were found similar. A good level of agreement between measurements in males (CCC=0.84) and females (CCC=0.76) was attained. CONCLUSION The abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness obtained from a single region by ultrasound might provide a non-invasive and quick evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş.Ş. Torgutalp
- Correspondence to: Şerife Şeyma Torgutalp MD, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine - Sports Medicine, Ankara, 06230, Turkey, E-mail:
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Wouters EFM. Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Patients Suffering From Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Its Correlation With Pulmonary Rehabilitation. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:725534. [PMID: 36188872 PMCID: PMC9397774 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.725534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As part of an individualized intervention to improve the physical, emotional, and social functioning of patients with chronic respiratory diseases in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in particular, awareness of the presence and consequences of changes in body composition increased enormously during the last decades, and nutritional intervention is considered as an essential component in the comprehensive approach of these patients. This review describes the prevalence and the clinical impact of body composition changes and also provides an update of current intervention strategies. It is argued that body composition, preferentially a three-component evaluation of fat, lean, and bone mass, must become part of a thorough assessment of every patient, admitted for pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel F. M. Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Emiel F. M. Wouters
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Regamey J, Monney P, Yerly P, Favre L, Kirsch M, Tozzi P, Lamy O, Hullin R. Body composition and maximal exercise capacity after heart transplantation. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 9:122-132. [PMID: 34854252 PMCID: PMC8788057 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Maximal exercise capacity as measured by peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) of heart transplant recipients (HTR) is limited to a 50–70% level of healthy age‐matched controls. This study investigated the relationship between body composition and pVO2 during the first decade post‐transplant. Methods and results Body composition was determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and pVO2 by CPET in 48 HTR (n = 38 males; mean age 51 ± 12 years). A total of 95 assessments were acquired 1–9 years post‐transplant, and the results of four consecutive periods were compared [Period 1: 1–2 years (n = 25); 2: 3–4 years (n = 23); 3: 5–6 years (n = 23); 4: 7–9 years (n = 24)]. Linear regression analysis analysed the correlation between pVO2 and pairs of appendicular lean mass (ALM) and fat mass (FM). The relation between ALM and daily dose of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) was explored using partial correlation controlling for age, gender, and height. pVO2 increased from 0.98 (0.34) to 1.35 (0.35) L/min (P < 0.01) between Periods 1 and 4 corresponding to 54.5–63.3% of predicted value. Peak heart rate (HR) raised from 115 ± 19 to 131 ± 23 b.p.m. (P = 0.05), and anaerobic threshold (AT = VO2 achieved at AT) increased from 0.57 (0.18) to 0.83 (0.35) L/min (P < 0.01) between Periods 1 and 3. Median FM normalized to height2 (FMI) always remained elevated (>8.8 kg/m2). ALM normalized to body mass index increased from 0.690 (0.188) to 0.848 (0.204) m2 (P = 0.02) between Periods 1 and 4, explaining 45% of the variance of pVO2 (R2 = 0.455; P < 0.001). Eighty‐one per cent of the variance of pVO2 (R2 = 0.817; P < 0.001) in multiple regression was explained by AT (β = 0.488), ALM (β = 0.396), peak HR (β = 0.366), and FMI (β = −0.181). ALM was negatively correlated with daily CNI dose (partial R = −0.258; P = 0.01). Conclusions After heart transplantation, the beneficial effect of peripheral skeletal muscle gain on pVO2 is opposed by increased FM. Our findings support lifestyle efforts to fight adiposity and CNI dose reduction in the chronic stable phase to favour positive adaptation of peripheral muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Regamey
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Coeur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Monney
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Coeur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Yerly
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Coeur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Département de Médecine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Département Cœur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Département Cœur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Lamy
- Centre des Maladies osseuses, Département de l'Appareil Locomoteur, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hullin
- Service de Cardiologie, Département Coeur-Vaisseaux, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ofenheimer A, Breyer-Kohansal R, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Krach F, Franssen FME, Wouters EFM, Breyer MK. Using Body Composition Groups to Identify Children and Adolescents at Risk of Dyslipidemia. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111047. [PMID: 34828760 PMCID: PMC8625256 DOI: 10.3390/children8111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of body composition on the early origin of chronic diseases is an increasingly appreciated phenomenon. Little is known about the characteristics of children with varying body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate serum lipid profiles and other characteristics in relation to body composition. The data of 1394 participants (aged 6 to <18 years) of the observational general population-based Austrian LEAD Study have been analyzed. Body composition groups were defined by appendicular lean mass (ALMI) and fat mass (FMI) indices assessed by DXA. Serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL-c, HDL-c) and other characteristics (e.g., prematurity, smoke exposure, physical activity, nutrition) were investigated in these body composition groups. Different body composition groups, which are not distinguishable by BMI, exist. Children with high ALMI and high FMI showed higher triglycerides and LDL-c, but lower HDL-c levels. In contrast, levels did not differ between those with high FMI but low (or normal) ALMI, and other body composition groups. BMI should be interpreted cautiously, and body composition should be measured by more precise techniques. In particular, children and adolescents with high FMI who have concomitantly high ALMI should be followed closely in future studies to investigate whether they are at increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ofenheimer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto C. Burghuber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Frits M. E. Franssen
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Research and Education, CIRO, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel F. M. Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria; (R.B.-K.); (S.H.); (O.C.B.); (E.F.M.W.); (M.-K.B.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, 1140 Vienna, Austria
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De Oliveira RM, Neves EB, Da Rosa SE, Marson RA, de Souza Vale RG, Morgado JJM, de Assis Lacerda Junior W, Soeiro RSP, de Alkmim Moreira Nunes R. Effect of 6 Months of Physical Training on the Physical Fitness of Young Brazilian Army Cadets. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111439. [PMID: 34828486 PMCID: PMC8623716 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the increase in the employment of women in conflicts around the world, the federal government of Brazil enacted a law which determines the participation of women in the military. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of six months of physical training (PT) on the physical fitness of young Brazilian Army cadets to carry out the physical assessments provided in military training. Sixty-eight members of the (19.4 ± 1.0 years) military from the Brazilian Army (BA), with BMI of (23.61 ± 2.17/21.81 ± 2.26) respectively and divided in two groups (men/women) participated in the study. PT was conducted by Manual EB20-MC10.350. Anthropometric measurements and assessment of body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry were performed. The Student’s t test, percentage evolution equation, and Levene test were used. Results showedasignificant increase in anthropometric variables and cardiorespiratory fitness in both groups. Bone health variables and visceral fat presented a significant increase in the malegroup. In terms of muscle fitness handgrip and isometric strength there was no significant variation between the groups and push-up and pull-up there was significant variation between the groups. Percentage evolution was greater in female group. The conclusion shows PT was able to cause beneficial changes, promoting positive improvement in bone health, especially in women. Also, PT was shown to enhance cardiorespiratory capacity, and muscle fitness of the upper limbs in all participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Melo De Oliveira
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná (PPGEB/UTFPR), Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil;
| | - Samir Ezequiel Da Rosa
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
| | - Runer Augusto Marson
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (PPCEE/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.G.d.S.V.); (R.d.A.M.N.)
| | - Jairo José Monteiro Morgado
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
| | - Wilson de Assis Lacerda Junior
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
| | - Renato Souza Pinto Soeiro
- Brazilian Army Physical Fitness Research Institute, Brazilian Army (IPCFEx/EB), Rio de Janeiro 22291-090, Brazil; (S.E.D.R.); (R.A.M.); (J.J.M.M.); (W.d.A.L.J.); (R.S.P.S.)
| | - Rodolfo de Alkmim Moreira Nunes
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University (PPCEE/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (R.G.d.S.V.); (R.d.A.M.N.)
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46
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Adults with Crohn's disease exhibit elevated gynoid fat and reduced android fat irrespective of disease relapse or remission. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19258. [PMID: 34584177 PMCID: PMC8479075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel condition of unknown aetiology that is growing in prevalence globally. Large-scale studies have determined associations between female obesity or low body mass index (BMI) with risk of CD at all ages or 8– < 40 years, respectively. For males, low BMI entering adult life is associated with increased incidence of CD or ulcerative colitis up to 40 years later. Body composition analysis has shown that combinations of lean tissue loss and high visceral fat predict poor CD outcomes. Here, we assessed dietary intake, physical activity and whole or regional body composition of patients with CD relapse or remission. This anthropometric approach found people with CD, irrespective of relapse or remission, differed from a large representative healthy population sample in exhibiting elevated gynoid fat and reduced android fat. CD is associated with mesenteric adipose tissue, or “creeping fat”, that envelops affected intestine exclusive of other tissue; that fat is localised to the android region of the body. In this context, CD mesenteric adiposity represents a stark juxtaposition of organ-specific and regional adiposity. Although our study population was relatively small, we suggest tentatively that there is a rationale to refer to Crohn’s disease as a fatty intestine condition, akin to fatty liver conditions. We suggest that our data provide early insight into a subject that potentially warrants further investigation across a larger patient cohort.
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Schmitz SMT, Schooren L, Kroh A, Koch A, Stier C, Neumann UP, Ulmer TF, Alizai PH. Association of Body Composition and Sarcopenia with NASH in Obese Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153445. [PMID: 34362228 PMCID: PMC8347969 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese patients often suffer from sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity (SO) that can trigger inflammatory diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Sarcopenia and SO can be diagnosed through measuring parameters of body composition such as skeletal muscle mass (SMM), skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat mass (FM) obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of body composition and NASH in patients with obesity. A total of 138 patients with obesity that underwent bariatric surgery were included in this study. BIA was used to estimate body composition. A liver biopsy was taken intraoperatively and histological assessment of NASH was performed. A total of 23 patients (17%) were classified as NASH and 65 patients (47%) met the criteria for borderline NASH. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients with NASH compared to borderline NASH and no NASH (56.3 kg/m2 vs. 51.6 kg/m2 vs. 48.6 kg/m2, p = 0.004). Concerning body composition, FM, but also SMM and SMI were significantly higher in patients with NASH (p-values 0.011, 0.005 and 0.006, resp.). Fat mass index (FMI) and weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (SMI_weight) failed to reach statistical significance (p-values 0.067 and 0.661). In patients with obesity, higher FM were associated with NASH. Contrary to expectations, SMM and SMI were also higher in patients with NASH. Therefore, higher body fat, rather than sarcopenia and SO, might be decisive for development of NASH in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Marie-Therese Schmitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-89501
| | - Lena Schooren
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Christine Stier
- Obesity Center NRW, Sana Kliniken, Krankenhausstr. 42, 50354 Hürth, Germany;
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Hamid Alizai
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (L.S.); (A.K.); (U.P.N.); (T.F.U.); (P.H.A.)
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48
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Scarlata S, Finamore P, Laudisio A, Cardaci V, Ramaccia M, D’Alessandro F, Pedone C, Antonelli Incalzi R, Cesari M. Association between frailty index, lung function, and major clinical determinants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2165-2173. [PMID: 34009526 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airflow limitation alone is unable to capture the complexity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), better explained by comprehensive disease-specific indexes. Frailty is a clinical condition characterized by high vulnerability to internal and external stressors and represents a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. AIMS Primary objective was to test the association between indexes of lung function and COPD severity with frailty index (FI), and secondary to evaluate the association between FI and comorbidities, cognitive and physical function, BODE index, and mortality. METHODS 150 stable COPD outpatients were enrolled and followed up to 4 years. At baseline, participants performed a geriatric multidimensional assessment, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, 6-min walking test, and bioimpedance analysis. BODE and FI were calculated. Spearman's ρ was used to assess correlations. Mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Participants were followed up for a median of 39 months. Mean age was 73 years and median frailty index 0.15 (IQR 0.11-0.19). FI was higher in frequent exacerbators (≥ 2/year) (mean 0.18 vs 0.15, p 0.01) and dyspnoeic patients (mMRC ≥ 2) (mean 0.21 vs 0.14, p < 0.01) and correlated with lung volumes, expiratory flows, and pressure of arterial oxygen. FI was positively correlated with the number of comorbidities, depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and BODE index. Mortality was higher in patients with BODE higher than 3 (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-10.9), and not associated with FI. DISCUSSION FI positively correlates with all clinical drivers orienting the choice of treatment in COPD. CONCLUSIONS FI associates with lung function and COPD severity, but does not associate with mortality.
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49
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Kirk B, Bani Hassan E, Brennan-Olsen S, Vogrin S, Bird S, Zanker J, Phu S, Meerkin JD, Heymsfield SB, Duque G. Body composition reference ranges in community-dwelling adults using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: the Australian Body Composition (ABC) Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:880-890. [PMID: 33991068 PMCID: PMC8350202 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference ranges for lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) are essential in identifying soft tissue disorders; however, no such reference ranges exist for the most commonly used Hologic dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine in Australia. METHODS Cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults (aged 18-88 years) who underwent a Hologic DXA scan at one of three commercialized densitometry centres in Australia. Age-specific and sex-specific percentile curves were generated for LM [LM, appendicular lean mass (ALM), ALM adjusted for height squared (ALM/h2 ), and ALM adjusted for body mass index (ALM/BMI)] and FM [FM, FM adjusted for height squared (FM/h2 ), appendicular fat mass, and android and gynoid fat] parameters using the LMS statistical method. Cutpoints equivalent to T-scores of -1, -2, and -2.5 standard deviations below the young mean reference group (20-29 years) were also generated for LM parameters. RESULTS A total of 15 479 community-dwelling adults (54% men) with a median age of 33 years (interquartile range: 28, 42) were included. LM, ALM, and ALM/h2 remained stable until age 50, after which these parameters started to decline in both sexes. Compared with age 50, median percentiles of LM, ALM, and ALM/h2 declined by -5.9 kg, -3.7 kg, and -0.86 kg/m2 in men and by -2.5 kg, -1.8 kg, and -0.10 kg/m2 in women at age 70, respectively. Adjusting ALM for BMI (rather than height squared) resulted in different trends, with ALM/BMI decreasing from as early as age 20. Compared with age 20, median percentiles of ALM/BMI at age 40 declined by -0.10 kg/kg/m2 in men and by -0.06 kg/kg/m2 in women; and at age 70, ALM/BMI declined by -0.25 kg/kg/m2 in men and by -0.20 kg/kg/m2 in women. Cutpoints equivalent to T-scores of -1, -2, and -2.5 standard deviations for ALM/BMI were 1.01, 0.86, and 0.77 kg/kg/m2 in men and 0.70, 0.59, and 0.53 kg/kg/m2 in women, respectively. All FM parameters progressively increased from age 20 and continued up until age 70. CONCLUSIONS We developed reference ranges for LM and FM parameters from Hologic DXA machines in a large cohort of Australian adults, which will assist researchers and clinicians in identifying soft tissue disorders such as obesity, sarcopenia, and cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Bani Hassan
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Brennan-Olsen
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefanie Bird
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jesse Zanker
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Phu
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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Kałużna M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Bykowska-Derda A, Moczko J, Ruchala M, Ziemnicka K. Indirect Predictors of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comparison of Methods. Nutrients 2021; 13:2494. [PMID: 34444654 PMCID: PMC8401513 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, is a part of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotype. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides a gold standard measurement of VAT. This study aimed to compare ten different indirect methods of VAT estimation in PCOS women. The study included 154 PCOS and 68 age- and BMI-matched control women. Subjects were divided into age groups: 18-30 y.o. and 30-40 y.o. Analysis included: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist/height 0.5 (WHT.5R), visceral adipose index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and fat mass index (FMI). VAT accumulation, android-to-gynoid ratio (A/G), and total body fat (TBF) was measured by DXA. ROC analysis revealed that WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, and LAP demonstrated the highest predictive value in identifying VAT in the PCOS group. Lower cut-off values of BMI (23.43 kg/m2) and WHtR (0.45) were determined in the younger PCOS group and higher thresholds of WHtR (0.52) in the older PCOS group than commonly used. Measuring either: WHtR, WHT.5R, WC, BMI, or LAP, could help identify a subgroup of PCOS patients at high cardiometabolic risk. The current observations reinforce the importance of using special cut-offs to identify VAT, dependent on age and PCOS presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kałużna
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-M.); (A.B.-D.)
| | - Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-M.); (A.B.-D.)
| | - Jerzy Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.R.); (K.Z.)
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