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Wojnacki J, Quassollo G, Bordenave MD, Unsain N, Martínez GF, Szalai AM, Pertz O, Gundersen GG, Bartolini F, Stefani FD, Cáceres A, Bisbal M. Dual spatio-temporal regulation of axon growth and microtubule dynamics by RhoA signaling pathways. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261970. [PMID: 38910449 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RhoA plays a crucial role in neuronal polarization, where its action restraining axon outgrowth has been thoroughly studied. We now report that RhoA has not only an inhibitory but also a stimulatory effect on axon development depending on when and where exerts its action and the downstream effectors involved. In cultured hippocampal neurons, FRET imaging revealed that RhoA activity selectively localized in growth cones of undifferentiated neurites, whereas in developing axons it displayed a biphasic pattern, being low in nascent axons and high in elongating ones. RhoA-Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling prevented axon initiation but had no effect on elongation, whereas formin inhibition reduced axon extension without significantly altering initial outgrowth. In addition, RhoA-mDia signaling promoted axon elongation by stimulating growth cone microtubule stability and assembly, as opposed to RhoA-ROCK signaling, which restrained growth cone microtubule assembly and protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Wojnacki
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Martín D Bordenave
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Unsain
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Gaby F Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Alan M Szalai
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Centro Investigación Medicina Traslacional Severo R Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Av. Naciones Unidas 440, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Mariano Bisbal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba 5016, Argentina
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2
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Di Meo D, Kundu T, Ravindran P, Shah B, Püschel AW. Pip5k1γ regulates axon formation by limiting Rap1 activity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302383. [PMID: 38438249 PMCID: PMC10912816 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During their differentiation, neurons establish a highly polarized morphology by forming axons and dendrites. Cortical and hippocampal neurons initially extend several short neurites that all have the potential to become an axon. One of these neurites is then selected as the axon by a combination of positive and negative feedback signals that promote axon formation and prevent the remaining neurites from developing into axons. Here, we show that Pip5k1γ is required for the formation of a single axon as a negative feedback signal that regulates C3G and Rap1 through the generation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). Impairing the function of Pip5k1γ results in a hyper-activation of the Fyn/C3G/Rap1 pathway, which induces the formation of supernumerary axons. Application of a hyper-osmotic shock to modulate membrane tension has a similar effect, increasing Rap1 activity and inducing the formation of supernumerary axons. In both cases, the induction of supernumerary axons can be reverted by expressing constitutively active Pip5k. Our results show that PI(4,5)P2-dependent membrane properties limit the activity of C3G and Rap1 to ensure the extension of a single axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Di Meo
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Trisha Kundu
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Priyadarshini Ravindran
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bhavin Shah
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Institut für Integrative Zellbiologie und Physiologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- https://ror.org/00pd74e08 Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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3
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Zhang X, Guo J, Zhang C, Wang W, Du S, Tian X. Suanzaoren decoction exerts its antidepressant effect via the CaMK signaling pathway. Transl Neurosci 2024; 15:20220341. [PMID: 38736723 PMCID: PMC11087742 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are widely regarded as "memory molecules" due to their role in controlling numerous neuronal functions in the brain, and the CaMK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in controlling synaptic plasticity. Suanzaoren decoction (SZRD) can improve depression-like behavior and thus has potential benefits in the clinical treatment of depression; however, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, we found that key proteins in the CaMK signaling pathway were regulated by the decoction used to treat depression. The purpose of this research was to ascertain if the SZRD's therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of depression is associated with the modulation of key proteins in the CaMK signaling pathway. A rat model of depression was created by exposing the animals to chronic, unexpected, mild stress. Model rats were given intragastric administration of SZRD or fluoxetine every morning once a day. Protein and mRNA relative expression levels of CaM, CaMK I, and CaMK IV in the hippocampus were measured by Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. Our findings demonstrated that SZRD significantly improved the mood of depressed rats. This indicates that SZRD, by modulating the CaMK signaling system, may alleviate depressive symptoms and lessen work and life-related pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiyuan Guo
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuailin Du
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xusheng Tian
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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4
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Massey WJ, Kay KE, Jaramillo TC, Horak AJ, Cao S, Osborn LJ, Banerjee R, Mrdjen M, Hamoudi MK, Silver DJ, Burrows AC, Brown AL, Reizes O, Lathia JD, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Brown JM. Metaorganismal choline metabolism shapes olfactory perception. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105299. [PMID: 37777156 PMCID: PMC10630631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes living in the intestine can regulate key signaling processes in the central nervous system that directly impact brain health. This gut-brain signaling axis is partially mediated by microbe-host-dependent immune regulation, gut-innervating neuronal communication, and endocrine-like small molecule metabolites that originate from bacteria to ultimately cross the blood-brain barrier. Given the mounting evidence of gut-brain crosstalk, a new therapeutic approach of "psychobiotics" has emerged, whereby strategies designed to primarily modify the gut microbiome have been shown to improve mental health or slow neurodegenerative diseases. Diet is one of the most powerful determinants of gut microbiome community structure, and dietary habits are associated with brain health and disease. Recently, the metaorganismal (i.e., diet-microbe-host) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway has been linked to the development of several brain diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. However, it is poorly understood how metaorganismal TMAO production influences brain function under normal physiological conditions. To address this, here we have reduced TMAO levels by inhibiting gut microbe-driven choline conversion to trimethylamine (TMA), and then performed comprehensive behavioral phenotyping in mice. Unexpectedly, we find that TMAO is particularly enriched in the murine olfactory bulb, and when TMAO production is blunted at the level of bacterial choline TMA lyase (CutC/D), olfactory perception is altered. Taken together, our studies demonstrate a previously underappreciated role for the TMAO pathway in olfactory-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas C Jaramillo
- Rodent Behavior Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael K Hamoudi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy C Burrows
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Posner C, Mehta S, Zhang J. Fluorescent biosensor imaging meets deterministic mathematical modelling: quantitative investigation of signalling compartmentalization. J Physiol 2023; 601:4227-4241. [PMID: 37747358 PMCID: PMC10764149 DOI: 10.1113/jp282696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells execute specific responses to diverse environmental cues by encoding information in distinctly compartmentalized biochemical signalling reactions. Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors enable the spatial and temporal monitoring of signalling events in live cells. Temporal and spatiotemporal computational models can be used to interpret biosensor experiments in complex biochemical networks and to explore hypotheses that are difficult to test experimentally. In this review, we first provide brief discussions of the experimental toolkit of fluorescent biosensors as well as computational basics with a focus on temporal and spatiotemporal deterministic models. We then describe how we used this combined approach to identify and investigate a protein kinase A (PKA) - cAMP - Ca2+ oscillatory circuit in MIN6 β cells, a mouse pancreatic β cell system. We describe the application of this combined approach to interrogate how this oscillatory circuit is differentially regulated in a nano-compartment formed at the plasma membrane by the scaffolding protein A kinase anchoring protein 79/150. We leveraged both temporal and spatiotemporal deterministic models to identify the key regulators of this oscillatory circuit, which we confirmed with further experiments. The powerful approach of combining live-cell biosensor imaging with quantitative modelling, as discussed here, should find widespread use in the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation of cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Posner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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6
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Bai F, Bertram R, Karamched BR. A mathematical study of the efficacy of possible negative feedback pathways involved in neuronal polarization. J Theor Biol 2023; 571:111561. [PMID: 37331648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal polarization, a process wherein nascent neurons develop a single long axon and multiple short dendrites, can occur within in vitro cell cultures without environmental cues. This is an apparently random process in which one of several short processes, called neurites, grows to become long, while the others remain short. In this study, we propose a minimum model for neurite growth, which involves bistability and random excitations reflecting actin waves. Positive feedback is needed to produce the bistability, while negative feedback is required to ensure that no more than one neurite wins the winner-takes-all contest. By applying the negative feedback to different aspects of the neurite growth process, we demonstrate that targeting the negative feedback to the excitation amplitude results in the most persistent polarization. Also, we demonstrate that there are optimal ranges of values for the neurite count, and for the excitation rate and amplitude that best maintain the polarization. Finally, we show that a previously published model for neuronal polarization based on competition for limited resources shares key features with our best-performing minimal model: bistability and negative feedback targeted to the size of random excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bai
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States
| | - Richard Bertram
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States; Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States
| | - Bhargav R Karamched
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States; Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, United States.
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7
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Zhang M, An H, Wan T, Jiang HR, Yang M, Wen YQ, Zhang PX. Micron track chitosan conduit fabricated by 3D-printed model topography provides bionic microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. Int J Bioprint 2023; 9:770. [PMID: 37608847 PMCID: PMC10339431 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The micron track conduit (MTC) and nerve factor provide a physical and biological model for simulating peripheral nerve growth and have potential applications for nerve injury. However, it has rarely been reported that they synergize on peripheral nerves. In this study, we used bioderived chitosan as a substrate to design and construct a neural repair conduit with micron track topography using threedimensional (3D) printing topography. We loaded the MTC with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to promote the regeneration of sensory and sympathetic neurons in the peripheral nervous system. We found that the MTC@NT3 composite nerve conduit mimicked the microenvironment of peripheral nerves and promoted axonal regeneration while inducing the targeted growth of Schwann cells, which would promote functional recovery in rats with peripheral nerve injury. Artificial nerve implants with functional properties can be developed using the strategy presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Heng An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
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8
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Nagasawa Y, Ueda HH, Kawabata H, Murakoshi H. LOV2-based photoactivatable CaMKII and its application to single synapses: Local Optogenetics. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200027. [PMID: 38496236 PMCID: PMC10941968 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques offer a high spatiotemporal resolution to manipulate cellular activity. For instance, Channelrhodopsin-2 with global light illumination is the most widely used to control neuronal activity at the cellular level. However, the cellular scale is much larger than the diffraction limit of light (<1 μm) and does not fully exploit the features of the "high spatial resolution" of optogenetics. For instance, until recently, there were no optogenetic methods to induce synaptic plasticity at the level of single synapses. To address this, we developed an optogenetic tool named photoactivatable CaMKII (paCaMKII) by fusing a light-sensitive domain (LOV2) to CaMKIIα, which is a protein abundantly expressed in neurons of the cerebrum and hippocampus and essential for synaptic plasticity. Combining photoactivatable CaMKII with two-photon excitation, we successfully activated it in single spines, inducing synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) in hippocampal neurons. We refer to this method as "Local Optogenetics", which involves the local activation of molecules and measurement of cellular responses. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of LOV2, the recent development of its derivatives, and the development and application of paCaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Nagasawa
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi H Ueda
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawabata
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hideji Murakoshi
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Gu X, Jia C, Wang J. Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Polarity. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2851-2870. [PMID: 36738353 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity are important for neural development and function. Abnormal neuronal polarity establishment commonly leads to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Over the past three decades, with the continuous development and improvement of biological research methods and techniques, we have made tremendous progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neuronal polarity establishment. The activity of positive and negative feedback signals and actin waves are both essential in this process. They drive the directional transport and aggregation of key molecules of neuronal polarity, promote the spatiotemporal regulation of ordered and coordinated interactions of actin filaments and microtubules, stimulate the specialization and growth of axons, and inhibit the formation of multiple axons. In this review, we focus on recent advances in these areas, in particular the important findings about neuronal polarity in two classical models, in vitro primary hippocampal/cortical neurons and in vivo cortical pyramidal neurons, and discuss our current understanding of neuronal polarity..
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junhao Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Urrutia PJ, González-Billault C. A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2037-2052. [PMID: 36948585 PMCID: PMC10039749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1065-19.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile 7510157
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8380453
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
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11
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Tsuboi D, Otsuka T, Shimomura T, Faruk MO, Yamahashi Y, Amano M, Funahashi Y, Kuroda K, Nishioka T, Kobayashi K, Sano H, Nagai T, Yamada K, Tzingounis AV, Nambu A, Kubo Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kaibuchi K. Dopamine drives neuronal excitability via KCNQ channel phosphorylation for reward behavior. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111309. [PMID: 36070693 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional dopamine signaling is implicated in various neuropsychological disorders. Previously, we reported that dopamine increases D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing medium spiny neuron (MSN) excitability and firing rates in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) via the PKA/Rap1/ERK pathway to promote reward behavior. Here, the results show that the D1R agonist, SKF81297, inhibits KCNQ-mediated currents and increases D1R-MSN firing rates in murine NAc slices, which is abolished by ERK inhibition. In vitro ERK phosphorylates KCNQ2 at Ser414 and Ser476; in vivo, KCNQ2 is phosphorylated downstream of dopamine signaling in NAc slices. Conditional deletion of Kcnq2 in D1R-MSNs reduces the inhibitory effect of SKF81297 on KCNQ channel activity, while enhancing neuronal excitability and cocaine-induced reward behavior. These effects are restored by wild-type, but not phospho-deficient KCNQ2. Hence, D1R-ERK signaling controls MSN excitability via KCNQ2 phosphorylation to regulate reward behavior, making KCNQ2 a potential therapeutical target for psychiatric diseases with a dysfunctional reward circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsuboi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otsuka
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takushi Shimomura
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamahashi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, Sokendai, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, Sokendai, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubo
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kusukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
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12
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Khan TA, Guo A, Martin J, Te Chien C, Liu T, Szczurkowska J, Shelly M. Directed mechanisms for apical dendrite development during neuronal polarization. Dev Biol 2022; 490:110-116. [PMID: 35809631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of the dendrite and the axon during neuronal polarization underlies the directed flow of information in the brain. Seminal studies on axon development have dominated the mechanistic analysis of neuronal polarization. These studies, many originating from examinations in cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons in vitro, have established a prevalent view that axon formation precedes and is necessary for neuronal polarization. There is also in vivo evidence supporting this view. Nevertheless, the establishment of bipolar polarity and the leading edge, and apical dendrite development in pyramidal neurons in vivo occur when axon formation is prevented. Furthermore, recent mounting evidence suggest that directed mechanisms might mediate bipolar polarity/leading process and subsequent apical dendrite development. In the presence of spatially directed extracellular cues in the developing brain, these events may operate independently of axon forming events. In this perspective we summarize evidence in support of these evolving views in neuronal polarization and highlight recent findings on dedicated mechanisms acting in apical dendrite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamor A Khan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Alan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Jacqueline Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Chia Te Chien
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Tianrui Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Joanna Szczurkowska
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA
| | - Maya Shelly
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5230, USA.
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13
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Grignard J, Lamamy V, Vermersch E, Delagrange P, Stephan JP, Dorval T, Fages F. Mathematical modeling of the microtubule detyrosination/tyrosination cycle for cell-based drug screening design. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010236. [PMID: 35759459 PMCID: PMC9236252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules and their post-translational modifications are involved in major cellular processes. In severe diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, tyrosinated tubulin and tyrosinated microtubules are in lower concentration. We present here a mechanistic mathematical model of the microtubule tyrosination cycle combining computational modeling and high-content image analyses to understand the key kinetic parameters governing the tyrosination status in different cellular models. That mathematical model is parameterized, firstly, for neuronal cells using kinetic values taken from the literature, and, secondly, for proliferative cells, by a change of two parameter values obtained, and shown minimal, by a continuous optimization procedure based on temporal logic constraints to formalize experimental high-content imaging data. In both cases, the mathematical models explain the inability to increase the tyrosination status by activating the Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase enzyme. The tyrosinated tubulin is indeed the product of a chain of two reactions in the cycle: the detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization followed by its tyrosination. The tyrosination status at equilibrium is thus limited by both reaction rates and activating the tyrosination reaction alone is not effective. Our computational model also predicts the effect of inhibiting the Tubulin Carboxy Peptidase enzyme which we have experimentally validated in MEF cellular model. Furthermore, the model predicts that the activation of two particular kinetic parameters, the tyrosination and detyrosinated microtubule depolymerization rate constants, in synergy, should suffice to enable an increase of the tyrosination status in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Grignard
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - Véronique Lamamy
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eva Vermersch
- Pole of Activity Cellular Sciences, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Therapeutic Area Neuropsychiatry and Immunoinflammation, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Stephan
- In Vitro Pharmacology Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Dorval
- Pole of Activity Data Sciences and Data Management, Institut de Recherches Servier (IdRS), Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
| | - François Fages
- Team Project Lifeware, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, Inria Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- * E-mail: (JG); (TD); (FF)
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14
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Rho-Rho-Kinase Regulates Ras-ERK Signaling Through SynGAP1 for Dendritic Spine Morphology. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2757-2772. [PMID: 35624196 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural plasticity of dendritic spines plays a critical role in NMDA-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the brain. The small GTPases RhoA and Ras are considered key regulators of spine morphology and enlargement. However, the regulatory interaction between RhoA and Ras underlying NMDA-induced spine enlargement is largely unknown. In this study, we found that Rho-kinase/ROCK, an effector of RhoA, phosphorylated SynGAP1 (a synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein) at Ser842 and increased its interaction with 14-3-3ζ, thereby activating Ras-ERK signaling in a reconstitution system in HeLa cells. We also found that the stimulation of NMDA receptor by glycine treatment for LTP induction stimulated SynGAP1 phosphorylation, Ras-ERK activation, spine enlargement and SynGAP1 delocalization from the spines in striatal neurons, and these effects were prevented by Rho-kinase inhibition. Rho-kinase-mediated phosphorylation of SynGAP1 appeared to increase its dissociation from PSD95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein located at postsynaptic density, by forming a complex with 14-3-3ζ. These results suggest that Rho-kinase phosphorylates SynGAP1 at Ser842, thereby activating the Ras-ERK pathway for NMDA-induced morphological changes in dendritic spines.
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15
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Abstract
The establishment of a functioning neuronal network is a crucial step in neural development. During this process, neurons extend neurites—axons and dendrites—to meet other neurons and interconnect. Therefore, these neurites need to migrate, grow, branch and find the correct path to their target by processing sensory cues from their environment. These processes rely on many coupled biophysical effects including elasticity, viscosity, growth, active forces, chemical signaling, adhesion and cellular transport. Mathematical models offer a direct way to test hypotheses and understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for neuron development. Here, we critically review the main models of neurite growth and morphogenesis from a mathematical viewpoint. We present different models for growth, guidance and morphogenesis, with a particular emphasis on mechanics and mechanisms, and on simple mathematical models that can be partially treated analytically.
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16
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Bajar BT, Guan X, Lam A, Lin MZ, Yasuda R, Laviv T, Chu J. FRET Imaging of Rho GTPase Activity with Red Fluorescent Protein-Based FRET Pairs. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:31-43. [PMID: 35147933 PMCID: PMC9976416 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With the development of fluorescent proteins (FPs) and advanced optical microscopy techniques, Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has become a powerful tool for real-time noninvasive visualization of a variety of biological processes, including kinase activities, with high spatiotemporal resolution in living cells and organisms. FRET can be detected in appropriately configured microscopes as changes in fluorescence intensity, lifetime, and anisotropy. Here, we describe the preparation of samples expressing FP-based FRET sensors for RhoA kinase, intensity- and lifetime-based FRET imaging, and postimaging data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce T Bajar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinmeng Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology & Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amy Lam
- Departments of Neurobiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Departments of Neurobiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Tal Laviv
- Neuronal Signal Transduction Group, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jun Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology & Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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17
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Ahammad RU, Nishioka T, Yoshimoto J, Kannon T, Amano M, Funahashi Y, Tsuboi D, Faruk MO, Yamahashi Y, Yamada K, Nagai T, Kaibuchi K. KANPHOS: A Database of Kinase-Associated Neural Protein Phosphorylation in the Brain. Cells 2021; 11:47. [PMID: 35011609 PMCID: PMC8750479 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays critical roles in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways and physiological functions that are controlled by neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain. Dysregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. While recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have allowed us to identify approximately 280,000 phosphorylation sites, it remains largely unknown which sites are phosphorylated by which kinases. To overcome this issue, previously, we developed methods for comprehensive screening of the target substrates of given kinases, such as PKA and Rho-kinase, upon stimulation by extracellular signals and identified many candidate substrates for specific kinases and their phosphorylation sites. Here, we developed a novel online database to provide information about the phosphorylation signals identified by our methods, as well as those previously reported in the literature. The "KANPHOS" (Kinase-Associated Neural Phospho-Signaling) database and its web portal were built based on a next-generation XooNIps neuroinformatics tool. To explore the functionality of the KANPHOS database, we obtained phosphoproteomics data for adenosine-A2A-receptor signaling and its downstream MAPK-mediated signaling in the striatum/nucleus accumbens, registered them in KANPHOS, and analyzed the related pathways.
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Grants
- JP18dm0207005, JP21dm0207075, JP21wm0425017 and JP21wm0425008 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP16K18393, JP17H01380, JP17K07383, JP17H02220, JP17K19483, JP18K14849, JP19K16370, JP21K06428 and JP21K06427 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- JP17H05561, JP19H05209 and JP21H00196 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijwan Uddin Ahammad
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yoshimoto
- Division of Information Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuboi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamahashi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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18
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Faruk MO, Tsuboi D, Yamahashi Y, Funahashi Y, Lin YH, Ahammad RU, Hossen E, Amano M, Nishioka T, Tzingounis AV, Yamada K, Nagai T, Kaibuchi K. Muscarinic signaling regulates voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ2 phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens via protein kinase C for aversive learning. J Neurochem 2021; 160:325-341. [PMID: 34878647 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays critical roles in emotional behaviors, including aversive learning. Aversive stimuli such as an electric foot shock increase acetylcholine (ACh) in the NAc, and muscarinic signaling appears to increase neuronal excitability and aversive learning. Muscarinic signaling inhibits the voltage-dependent potassium KCNQ current which regulates neuronal excitability, but the regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at threonine 217 (T217) and its inhibitory effect on channel activity were predicted. However, whether and how muscarinic signaling phosphorylates KCNQ2 in vivo remains unclear. Here, we found that PKC directly phosphorylated KCNQ2 at T217 in vitro. Carbachol and a muscarinic M1 receptor (M1R) agonist facilitated KCNQ2 phosphorylation at T217 in NAc/striatum slices in a PKC-dependent manner. Systemic administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, which is commonly used to treat dementia, and electric foot shock to mice induced the phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at T217 in the NAc, whereas phosphorylation was suppressed by an M1R antagonist. Conditional deletion of Kcnq2 in the NAc enhanced electric foot shock induced aversive learning. Our findings indicate that muscarinic signaling induces the phosphorylation of KCNQ2 at T217 via PKC activation for aversive learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuboi
- Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamahashi
- Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - You-Hsin Lin
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rijwan Uddin Ahammad
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emran Hossen
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishioka
- Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anastasios V Tzingounis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Project for Neural and Tumor Signaling, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Kalebic N, Namba T. Inheritance and flexibility of cell polarity: a clue for understanding human brain development and evolution. Development 2021; 148:272121. [PMID: 34499710 PMCID: PMC8451944 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity is fundamentally important for understanding brain development. Here, we hypothesize that the inheritance and flexibility of cell polarity during neocortex development could be implicated in neocortical evolutionary expansion. Molecular and morphological features of cell polarity may be inherited from one type of progenitor cell to the other and finally transmitted to neurons. Furthermore, key cell types, such as basal progenitors and neurons, exhibit a highly flexible polarity. We suggest that both inheritance and flexibility of cell polarity are implicated in the amplification of basal progenitors and tangential dispersion of neurons, which are key features of the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex. Summary: We suggest that the inheritance and flexibility of cell polarity are implicated in the evolutionary expansion of the developing neocortex by promoting the amplification of neural progenitors and tangential migration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Namba
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE - Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Wilson C, Giono LE, Rozés-Salvador V, Fiszbein A, Kornblihtt AR, Cáceres A. The Histone Methyltransferase G9a Controls Axon Growth by Targeting the RhoA Signaling Pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107639. [PMID: 32402271 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of axonal and dendritic domains is critical for brain circuitry assembly and physiology. Negative players, such as the RhoA-Rho coiled-coil-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway, restrain axon development and polarization. Surprisingly, the genetic control of neuronal polarity has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report that, in primary cultured neurons, expression of the histone methyltransferase G9a and nuclear translocation of its major splicing isoform (G9a/E10+) peak at the time of axon formation. RNAi suppression of G9a/E10+ or pharmacological blockade of G9a constrains neuronal migration, axon initiation, and the establishment of neuronal polarity in situ and in vitro. Inhibition of G9a function upregulates RhoA-ROCK activity by increasing the expression of Lfc, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA. Together, these results identify G9a as a player in neuronal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Wilson
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC) Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo R Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Av. Friuli 2786, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana E Giono
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Rozés-Salvador
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC) Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Fiszbein
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto R Kornblihtt
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC) Friuli 2434, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo R Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Av. Friuli 2786, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina.
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21
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Neuropathy-causing TRPV4 mutations disrupt TRPV4-RhoA interactions and impair neurite extension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1444. [PMID: 33664271 PMCID: PMC7933254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV4 is a cell surface-expressed calcium-permeable cation channel that mediates cell-specific effects on cellular morphology and function. Dominant missense mutations of TRPV4 cause distinct, tissue-specific diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Mutations causing peripheral neuropathy localize to the intracellular N-terminal domain whereas skeletal dysplasia mutations are in multiple domains. Using an unbiased screen, we identified the cytoskeletal remodeling GTPase RhoA as a TRPV4 interactor. TRPV4-RhoA binding occurs via the TRPV4 N-terminal domain, resulting in suppression of TRPV4 channel activity, inhibition of RhoA activation, and extension of neurites in vitro. Neuropathy but not skeletal dysplasia mutations disrupt TRPV4-RhoA binding and cytoskeletal outgrowth. However, inhibition of RhoA restores neurite length in vitro and in a fly model of TRPV4 neuropathy. Together these results identify RhoA as a critical mediator of TRPV4-induced cell structure changes and suggest that disruption of TRPV4-RhoA binding may contribute to tissue-specific toxicity of TRPV4 neuropathy mutations. TRPV4 dominant mutations cause neuropathy. Here, the authors show that TRPV4 binds and interacts with RhoA, modulating the actin cytoskeleton. Neuropathy-causing mutations of TRPV4 disrupt this complex, leading to RhoA activation and impairment of neurite extension in cultured cells and flies.
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22
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Pradeep S, Tasnim T, Zhang H, Zangle TA. Simultaneous measurement of neurite and neural body mass accumulation via quantitative phase imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:1361-1368. [PMID: 33393564 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of neuron behavior is crucial for studying neural development and evaluating the impact of potential therapies on neural regeneration. Conventional approaches to imaging neuronal behavior require labeling and do not separately quantify the growth processes that underlie neural regeneration. In this paper we demonstrate the use of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) as a label-free, quantitative measurement of neuron behavior in vitro. By combining QPI with image processing, our method separately measures the mass accumulation rates of soma and neurites. Additionally, the data provided by QPI can be used to separately measure the processes of maturation and formation of neurites. Overall, our approach has the potential to greatly simplify conventional neurite outgrowth measurements, while providing key data on the resources used to produce neurites during neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Pradeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, USA
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23
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Hart JE, Gardner KH. Lighting the way: Recent insights into the structure and regulation of phototropin blue light receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100594. [PMID: 33781746 PMCID: PMC8086140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phototropins (phots) are light-activated kinases that are critical for plant physiology and the many diverse optogenetic tools that they have inspired. Phototropins combine two blue-light-sensing Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) domains (LOV1 and LOV2) and a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain, using the LOV domains to control the catalytic activity of the kinase. While much is known about the structure and photochemistry of the light-perceiving LOV domains, particularly in how activation of the LOV2 domain triggers the unfolding of alpha helices that communicate the light signal to the kinase domain, many questions about phot structure and mechanism remain. Recent studies have made progress addressing these questions by utilizing small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and other biophysical approaches to study multidomain phots from Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis, leading to models where the domains have an extended linear arrangement, with the regulatory LOV2 domain contacting the kinase domain N-lobe. We discuss this and other advances that have improved structural and mechanistic understanding of phot regulation in this review, along with the challenges that will have to be overcome to obtain high-resolution structural information on these exciting photoreceptors. Such information will be essential to advancing fundamental understanding of plant physiology while enabling engineering efforts at both the whole plant and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaynee E Hart
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin H Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, USA; PhD Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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24
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Wilson C, Cáceres A. New insights on epigenetic mechanisms supporting axonal development: histone marks and miRNAs. FEBS J 2020; 288:6353-6364. [PMID: 33332753 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms supporting axon growth and the establishment of neuronal polarity have remained largely disconnected from their genetic and epigenetic fundamentals. Recently, post-transcriptional modifications of histones involved in chromatin folding and transcription, and microRNAs controlling translation have emerged as regulators of axonal specification, growth, and guidance. In this article, we review novel evidence supporting the concept that epigenetic mechanisms work at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to shape axons. We also discuss the role of splicing on axonal growth, as one of the most (if not the most) powerful post-transcriptional mechanism to diversify genetic information. Overall, we think exploring the gap between epigenetics and axonal growth raises new questions and perspectives to the development of axons in physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Wilson
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo R Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
| | - Alfredo Cáceres
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo R Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Takano T, Wallace JT, Baldwin KT, Purkey AM, Uezu A, Courtland JL, Soderblom EJ, Shimogori T, Maness PF, Eroglu C, Soderling SH. Chemico-genetic discovery of astrocytic control of inhibition in vivo. Nature 2020; 588:296-302. [PMID: 33177716 PMCID: PMC8011649 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perisynaptic astrocytic processes are an integral part of central nervous system synapses1,2; however, the molecular mechanisms that govern astrocyte-synapse adhesions and how astrocyte contacts control synapse formation and function are largely unknown. Here we use an in vivo chemico-genetic approach that applies a cell-surface fragment complementation strategy, Split-TurboID, and identify a proteome that is enriched at astrocyte-neuron junctions in vivo, which includes neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM). We find that NRCAM is expressed in cortical astrocytes, localizes to perisynaptic contacts and is required to restrict neuropil infiltration by astrocytic processes. Furthermore, we show that astrocytic NRCAM interacts transcellularly with neuronal NRCAM coupled to gephyrin at inhibitory postsynapses. Depletion of astrocytic NRCAM reduces numbers of inhibitory synapses without altering glutamatergic synaptic density. Moreover, loss of astrocytic NRCAM markedly decreases inhibitory synaptic function, with minor effects on excitation. Thus, our results present a proteomic framework for how astrocytes interface with neurons and reveal how astrocytes control GABAergic synapse formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takano
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - John T Wallace
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine T Baldwin
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alicia M Purkey
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Uezu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jamie L Courtland
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource and Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, Center for Brain Science (CBS), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Patricia F Maness
- Department of Biochemistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Scott H Soderling
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.
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26
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Lavanderos B, Silva I, Cruz P, Orellana-Serradell O, Saldías MP, Cerda O. TRP Channels Regulation of Rho GTPases in Brain Context and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582975. [PMID: 33240883 PMCID: PMC7683514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are mediated by several pathophysiological mechanisms, including developmental and degenerative abnormalities caused primarily by disturbances in cell migration, structural plasticity of the synapse, and blood-vessel barrier function. In this context, critical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases are related to structural, scaffolding, and enzymatic activity-bearing proteins, which participate in Ca2+- and Ras Homologs (Rho) GTPases-mediated signaling. Rho GTPases are GDP/GTP binding proteins that regulate the cytoskeletal structure, cellular protrusion, and migration. These proteins cycle between GTP-bound (active) and GDP-bound (inactive) states due to their intrinsic GTPase activity and their dynamic regulation by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs. One of the most important upstream inputs that modulate Rho GTPases activity is Ca2+ signaling, positioning ion channels as pivotal molecular entities for Rho GTPases regulation. Multiple non-selective cationic channels belonging to the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family participate in cytoskeletal-dependent processes through Ca2+-mediated modulation of Rho GTPases. Moreover, these ion channels have a role in several neuropathological events such as neuronal cell death, brain tumor progression and strokes. Although Rho GTPases-dependent pathways have been extensively studied, how they converge with TRP channels in the development or progression of neuropathologies is poorly understood. Herein, we review recent evidence and insights that link TRP channels activity to downstream Rho GTPase signaling or modulation. Moreover, using the TRIP database, we establish associations between possible mediators of Rho GTPase signaling with TRP ion channels. As such, we propose mechanisms that might explain the TRP-dependent modulation of Rho GTPases as possible pathways participating in the emergence or maintenance of neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Joo E, Olson MF. Regulation and functions of the RhoA regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1. Small GTPases 2020; 12:358-371. [PMID: 33126816 PMCID: PMC8583009 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1840889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery by Madaule and Axel in 1985 of the first Ras homologue (Rho) protein in Aplysia and its human orthologue RhoB, membership in the Rho GTPase family has grown to 20 proteins, with representatives in all eukaryotic species. These GTPases are molecular switches that cycle between active (GTP bound) and inactivate (GDP bound) states. The exchange of GDP for GTP on Rho GTPases is facilitated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs). Approximately 80 Rho GEFs have been identified to date, and only a few GEFs associate with microtubules. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1, GEF-H1, is a unique GEF that associates with microtubules and is regulated by the polymerization state of microtubule networks. This review summarizes the regulation and functions of GEF-H1 and discusses the roles of GEF-H1 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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SNAIL Transctiption factor in prostate cancer cells promotes neurite outgrowth. Biochimie 2020; 180:1-9. [PMID: 33132158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth involves reciprocal signaling interactions between tumor cells and nerves where invading tumor cells have acquired the ability to respond to pro-invasive signals within the nerve environment. Neurite outgrowth could serve as a mechanism leading to invasion of cancer cells into the nerve sheath and subsequent metastasis. Snail transcription factor can promote migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. We hypothesized that prostate cancer cell interaction with nerve cells will be mediated by Snail expression within prostate cancer cells. For this study we utilized various prostate cancer cell lines: C4-2 non-silencing (NS, control); C4-2 Snail shRNA, (stable Snail knockdown); LNCaP Neo (empty vector control) and LNCaP Snail (stably over-expressing Snail). Cancer cell adhesion and migration towards nerve cells (snF96.2 or NS20Y) was examined by co-culture assays. Conditioned media (CM) collected from C4-2 cells was cultured with nerve cells (PC-12 or NS20Y) for 48 h followed by qualitative or quantitative neurite outgrowth assay. Our results showed that cancer cells expressing high levels of Snail (LNCaP Snail/C4-2 NS) displayed significantly higher migration adherence to nerve cells, compared to cells with lower levels of Snail (LNCaP Neo/C4-2 Snail shRNA). Additionally, LNCaP Snail or C4-2 NS (Snail-high) CM led to a higher neurite outgrowth compared to the LNCaP Neo or C4-2 Snail shRNA (Snail-low). In conclusion, Snail promotes migration and adhesion to nerve cells, as well as neurite outgrowth via secretion of soluble factors. Therefore, targeting cancer cell interaction with nerves may contribute to halting prostate cancer progression/metastasis.
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29
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Gong YJ, Feng Y, Cao YY, Zhao J, Wu W, Zheng YY, Wu JR, Li X, Yang GZ, Zhou X. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by regulating the translocation of GLUT4 in mouse adipocytes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001199. [PMID: 33060070 PMCID: PMC7566288 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose disposal by insulin-responsive tissues maintains the body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance leads to a risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin stimulates the translocation of glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) vesicles from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake. However, the underlying mechanisms of GLUT4 vesicle translocation are not well defined. Here we show the role of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) in GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes and the pathogenesis of T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The parameters for glucose metabolism including body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were assessed in wild-type (WT) and Hap1+/- mice. HAP1 protein expression was verified in adipose tissue. Hap1 mRNA and protein expression was monitored in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were detected using immunofluorescence techniques and quantified in primary adipocytes from Hap1-/- mice. The interaction between HAP1 and GLUT4 was assessed by immunofluorescence colocalization and co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells and adipose tissue. The role of sortilin in HAP1 and GLUT4 interaction was approved by co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference. RESULTS The expression of Hap1 mRNA and protein was detected in WT mouse adipose tissue and downregulated in adipose tissue of HFD-induced diabetic mice. Hap1+/- mice exhibited increased body weight, pronounced glucose tolerance and significant insulin intolerance compared with the WT mice. HAP1 colocalized with GLUT4 in mouse adipocytes and cotransfected HEK293 cells. Furthermore, the insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake were defective in Hap1-/- adipocytes. Finally, sortilin mediated the interaction of HAP1 and GLUT4. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that HAP1 formed a protein complex with GLUT4 and sortilin, and played a critical role in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes. Its downregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ju Gong
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Biology, National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Yun Zheng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Yang
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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30
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Sekiguchi M, Sobue A, Kushima I, Wang C, Arioka Y, Kato H, Kodama A, Kubo H, Ito N, Sawahata M, Hada K, Ikeda R, Shinno M, Mizukoshi C, Tsujimura K, Yoshimi A, Ishizuka K, Takasaki Y, Kimura H, Xing J, Yu Y, Yamamoto M, Okada T, Shishido E, Inada T, Nakatochi M, Takano T, Kuroda K, Amano M, Aleksic B, Yamomoto T, Sakuma T, Aida T, Tanaka K, Hashimoto R, Arai M, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Shimamura T, Nagai T, Nabeshima T, Kaibuchi K, Yamada K, Mori D, Ozaki N. ARHGAP10, which encodes Rho GTPase-activating protein 10, is a novel gene for schizophrenia risk. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:247. [PMID: 32699248 PMCID: PMC7376022 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is known to be a heritable disorder; however, its multifactorial nature has significantly hampered attempts to establish its pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we performed genome-wide copy-number variation (CNV) analysis of 2940 patients with SCZ and 2402 control subjects and identified a statistically significant association between SCZ and exonic CNVs in the ARHGAP10 gene. ARHGAP10 encodes a member of the RhoGAP superfamily of proteins that is involved in small GTPase signaling. This signaling pathway is one of the SCZ-associated pathways and may contribute to neural development and function. However, the ARHGAP10 gene is often confused with ARHGAP21, thus, the significance of ARHGAP10 in the molecular pathology of SCZ, including the expression profile of the ARHGAP10 protein, remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we focused on one patient identified to have both an exonic deletion and a missense variant (p.S490P) in ARHGAP10. The missense variant was found to be located in the RhoGAP domain and was determined to be relevant to the association between ARHGAP10 and the active form of RhoA. We evaluated ARHGAP10 protein expression in the brains of reporter mice and generated a mouse model to mimic the patient case. The model exhibited abnormal emotional behaviors, along with reduced spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In addition, primary cultured neurons prepared from the mouse model brain exhibited immature neurites in vitro. Furthermore, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from this patient, and differentiated them into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in order to analyze their morphological phenotypes. TH-positive neurons differentiated from the patient-derived iPSCs exhibited severe defects in both neurite length and branch number; these defects were restored by the addition of the Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. Collectively, our findings suggest that rare ARHGAP10 variants may be genetically and biologically associated with SCZ and indicate that Rho signaling represents a promising drug discovery target for SCZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sekiguchi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akira Sobue
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.437848.40000 0004 0569 8970Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Chenyao Wang
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.437848.40000 0004 0569 8970Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Kodama
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hisako Kubo
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeda
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Mio Shinno
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan ,grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Chikara Mizukoshi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Jingrui Xing
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Yanjie Yu
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Maeri Yamamoto
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Emiko Shishido
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Toshiya Inada
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Data Science, Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takano
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuroda
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Mutsuki Amano
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Takashi Yamomoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- grid.272456.0Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDivision of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences & Aino University, Toyoake, Aichi Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Norio Ozaki
- grid.27476.300000 0001 0943 978XDepartment of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi Japan
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31
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Mechanisms of axon polarization in pyramidal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 107:103522. [PMID: 32653476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that have specialized regions for synaptic input, the dendrites, and synaptic output, the axons. This polarity is critical for appropriate neural circuit formation and function. One of the central gaps in our knowledge is understanding how developing neurons initiate axon polarity. Given the critical nature of this polarity on neural circuit formation and function, neurons have evolved multiple mechanisms comprised of extracellular and intracellular cues that allow them to initiate and form axons. These mechanisms engage a variety of signaling cascades that provide positive and negative cues to ensure axon polarization. This review highlights our current knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of axon polarization in pyramidal neurons and their relevance to the development of the brain.
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32
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Horigane SI, Hamada S, Kamijo S, Yamada H, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Bito H, Ohtsuka T, Takemoto-Kimura S. Development of an L-type Ca 2+ channel-dependent Ca 2+ transient during the radial migration of cortical excitatory neurons. Neurosci Res 2020; 169:17-26. [PMID: 32598973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are crucial for neurodevelopmental events, including neuronal differentiation/migration and neurite morphogenesis/extension. However, the time course of their functional maturation during the development of excitatory neurons remains unknown. Using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and in utero electroporation-based labeling, we found that the transcripts of Cacna1c and Cacna1d, which encode the LTCC pore-forming subunits, were upregulated in the intermediate zone (IZ) during radial migration. Ca2+ imaging using GCaMP6s in acute brain slices showed spontaneous Ca2+ transients in migrating neurons throughout the IZ. Neurons in the IZ upper layer, especially in the multipolar-to-bipolar transition layer (TL), exhibited more frequent Ca2+ transients than adjacent layers and responded to FPL64176, a potent activator of LTCC. Consistently, nimodipine, an LTCC blocker, inhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients in neurons in the TL. Collectively, we showed a hitherto unknown increased prevalence of LTCC-dependent Ca2+ transients in the TL of the IZ upper layer during the radial migration of excitatory neurons, which could be essential for the regulation of Ca2+-dependent neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamijo
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Bito
- Department of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; Molecular/cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
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33
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Advances in defining signaling networks for the establishment of neuronal polarity. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Meka DP, Scharrenberg R, Calderon de Anda F. Emerging roles of the centrosome in neuronal development. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:84-96. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Praveen Meka
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Robin Scharrenberg
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- RG Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH)University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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35
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Porazinski S, Parkin A, Pajic M. Rho-ROCK Signaling in Normal Physiology and as a Key Player in Shaping the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:99-127. [PMID: 32030687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-ROCK signaling network has a range of specialized functions of key biological importance, including control of essential developmental processes such as morphogenesis and physiological processes including homeostasis, immunity, and wound healing. Deregulation of Rho-ROCK signaling actively contributes to multiple pathological conditions, and plays a major role in cancer development and progression. This dynamic network is critical in modulating the intricate communication between tumor cells, surrounding diverse stromal cells and the matrix, shaping the ever-changing microenvironment of aggressive tumors. In this chapter, we overview the complex regulation of the Rho-ROCK signaling axis, its role in health and disease, and analyze progress made with key approaches targeting the Rho-ROCK pathway for therapeutic benefit. Finally, we conclude by outlining likely future trends and key questions in the field of Rho-ROCK research, in particular surrounding Rho-ROCK signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Porazinski
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Lab, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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36
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Öztürk Z, O’Kane CJ, Pérez-Moreno JJ. Axonal Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics and Its Roles in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:48. [PMID: 32116502 PMCID: PMC7025499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their maintenance. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unlike other intracellular organelles, this forms a physically continuous network throughout the cell, with a single membrane and a single lumen. In axons, ER is mainly smooth, forming a tubular network with occasional sheets or cisternae and low amounts of rough ER. It has many potential roles: lipid biosynthesis, glucose homeostasis, a Ca2+ store, protein export, and contacting and regulating other organelles. This tubular network structure is determined by ER-shaping proteins, mutations in some of which are causative for neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). While axonal ER shares many features with the tubular ER network in other contexts, these features must be adapted to the long and narrow dimensions of axons. ER appears to be physically continuous throughout axons, over distances that are enormous on a subcellular scale. It is therefore a potential channel for long-distance or regional communication within neurons, independent of action potentials or physical transport of cargos, but involving its physiological roles such as Ca2+ or organelle homeostasis. Despite its apparent stability, axonal ER is highly dynamic, showing features like anterograde and retrograde transport, potentially reflecting continuous fusion and breakage of the network. Here we discuss the transport processes that must contribute to this dynamic behavior of ER. We also discuss the model that these processes underpin a homeostatic process that ensures both enough ER to maintain continuity of the network and repair breaks in it, but not too much ER that might disrupt local cellular physiology. Finally, we discuss how failure of ER organization in axons could lead to axon degenerative diseases, and how a requirement for ER continuity could make distal axons most susceptible to degeneration in conditions that disrupt ER continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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37
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McCormick JW, Pincus D, Resnekov O, Reynolds KA. Strategies for Engineering and Rewiring Kinase Regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 45:259-271. [PMID: 31866305 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs) catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group onto another protein in response to appropriate regulatory cues. In doing so, they provide a primary means for cellular information transfer. Consequently, EPKs play crucial roles in cell differentiation and cell-cycle progression, and kinase dysregulation is associated with numerous disease phenotypes including cancer. Nonnative cues for synthetically regulating kinases are thus much sought after, both for dissecting cell signaling pathways and for pharmaceutical development. In recent years advances in protein engineering and sequence analysis have led to new approaches for manipulating kinase activity, localization, and in some instances specificity. These tools have revealed fundamental principles of intracellular signaling and suggest paths forward for the design of therapeutic allosteric kinase regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W McCormick
- The Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Pincus
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A Reynolds
- The Green Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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38
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Pu J, Dai S, Gao T, Hu J, Fang Y, Zheng R, Jin C, Zhang B. Nystagmus-related FRMD7 gene influences the maturation and complexities of neuronal processes in human neurons. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01473. [PMID: 31743612 PMCID: PMC6908866 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Idiopathic congenital nystagmus (ICN) is an oculomotor disorder caused by the defects in the ocular motor control regions of the brain. Mutations in FRMD7, a member of the FERM family of proteins, associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, are the most frequent causes of X-linked ICN. Previous studies illustrated that FRMD7 is involved in the elongation of neurites during neuronal development; however, almost all the studies were performed on mice cell models. The complexity in the human neuronal network might suggest a unique vulnerability of human neurons to FRMD7 mutations. METHODS Herein, we successfully established human neuronal cell models with FRMD7 mutations, from fibroblasts-reprogrammed neurons (iNs). In these neurons, the complexity of the neuronal processes was measured by the induced ratio, total neurite length, the number of terminals, and the number of maturation neurons. RESULTS The complexity of the neuronal processes was greatly reduced during various reprogramming stages in the presence of FRMD7 mutations. Consistently, the expression of the three main Rho GTPases was significantly increased by FRMD7 mutations. Interestingly, a slightly diverse phenotype is observed in different derived neurons. CONCLUSION We established ideal human neuron models and confirmed that the mutation in FRMD7 influences the maturation and complexities of neuronal processes, which might be involved with the Rho GTPase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyao Jin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Dupraz S, Hilton BJ, Husch A, Santos TE, Coles CH, Stern S, Brakebusch C, Bradke F. RhoA Controls Axon Extension Independent of Specification in the Developing Brain. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3874-3886.e9. [PMID: 31679934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The specification of an axon and its subsequent outgrowth are key steps during neuronal polarization, a prerequisite to wire the brain. The Rho-guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA is believed to be a central player in these processes. However, its physiological role has remained undefined. Here, genetic loss- and gain-of-function experiments combined with time-lapse microscopy, cell culture, and in vivo analysis show that RhoA is not involved in axon specification but confines the initiation of neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth during development. Biochemical analysis and super-resolution microscopy together with molecular and pharmacological manipulations reveal that RhoA restrains axon growth by activating myosin-II-mediated actin arc formation in the growth cone to prevent microtubules from protruding toward the leading edge. Through this mechanism, RhoA regulates the duration of axon growth and pause phases, thus controlling the tightly timed extension of developing axons. Thereby, this work unravels physiologically relevant players coordinating actin-microtubule interactions during axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dupraz
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brett J Hilton
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Husch
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Telma E Santos
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte H Coles
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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40
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Liu Z, Wang W, Huang T, Wang C, Huang Y, Tang Y, Huang J. CH(II), a cerebroprotein hydrolysate, exhibits potential neuro-protective effect on Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222757. [PMID: 31545823 PMCID: PMC6756745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and is the most common type of cognitive impairment and dementia. There is a pressing need to improve the clinical efficacy and quality of life for AD patients, as limited treatments options for AD patients have been developed until now. In this study, we aim to investigate the protective effect of CH(II), a cerebroprotein hydrolysate consisted of abundant biological peptides, on preclinical model of AD. We found that CH(II) treatment effectively protects oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced N2A cell viability impairment and cell apoptosis. In addition, CH(II) significantly reduces H2O2-induced ROS accumulation and exhibits the protective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. Intriguingly, we found that CH(II) treatment can effectively promote neurite outgrowth of N2A cells. Moreover, CH(II) obviously improve the cognitive and memorial function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice model. Taken together, this study provides evidences of the neuroprotective activities of CH(II) and offers a potential therapeutic strategy for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu Huang
- Guangdong Long Fu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunfang Wang
- Guangdong Long Fu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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41
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Duman JG, Mulherkar S, Tu YK, Erikson KC, Tzeng CP, Mavratsas VC, Ho TSY, Tolias KF. The adhesion-GPCR BAI1 shapes dendritic arbors via Bcr-mediated RhoA activation causing late growth arrest. eLife 2019; 8:47566. [PMID: 31461398 PMCID: PMC6713510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arbor architecture profoundly impacts neuronal connectivity and function, and aberrant dendritic morphology characterizes neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we identify the adhesion-GPCR BAI1 as an important regulator of dendritic arborization. BAI1 loss from mouse or rat hippocampal neurons causes dendritic hypertrophy, whereas BAI1 overexpression precipitates dendrite retraction. These defects specifically manifest as dendrites transition from growth to stability. BAI1-mediated growth arrest is independent of its Rac1-dependent synaptogenic function. Instead, BAI1 couples to the small GTPase RhoA, driving late RhoA activation in dendrites coincident with growth arrest. BAI1 loss lowers RhoA activation and uncouples it from dendrite dynamics, causing overgrowth. None of BAI1's known downstream effectors mediates BAI1-dependent growth arrest. Rather, BAI1 associates with the Rho-GTPase regulatory protein Bcr late in development and stimulates its cryptic RhoA-GEF activity, which functions together with its Rac1-GAP activity to terminate arborization. Our results reveal a late-acting signaling pathway mediating a key transition in dendrite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Yen-Kuei Tu
- Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kelly C Erikson
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Christopher P Tzeng
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Vasilis C Mavratsas
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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42
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The Development of Neuronal Polarity: A Retrospective View. J Neurosci 2019; 38:1867-1873. [PMID: 29467146 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1372-16.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1988, Carlos Dotti, Chris Sullivan, and I published a paper on the establishment of polarity by hippocampal neurons in culture, which continues to be frequently cited 30 years later (Dotti et al., 1988). By following individual neurons from the time of plating until they had formed well developed axonal and dendritic arbors, we identified the five stages of development that lead to the mature expression of neuronal polarity. We were surprised to find that, before axon formation, the cells pass through a multipolar phase, in which several, apparently identical short neurites undergo periods of extension and retraction. Then one of these neurites begins a period of prolonged growth, becoming the definitive axon; the remaining neurites subsequently become dendrites. This observation suggested that any of the initial neurites were capable of becoming axons, a hypothesis confirmed by later work. In this Progressions article, I will try to recall the circumstances that led to this work, recapture some of the challenges we faced in conducting these experiments, and consider why some of today's neuroscientists still find this paper relevant.
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43
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Horigane SI, Ozawa Y, Yamada H, Takemoto-Kimura S. Calcium signalling: a key regulator of neuronal migration. J Biochem 2019; 165:401-409. [PMID: 30753600 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a crucial event in neuronal development for the construction of brain architecture and neuronal networks. Newborn neurons proliferate in the germinal zone and start migration toward their final destination. Migrating neurons adopt different routes, cell shapes and migratory modes depending on extracellular factors and outer physical substrates. Intracellular Ca2+ is an essential second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions by activating Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules that underlie Ca2+-responsive cellular functions. Neuronal migration during brain architecture construction is no exception. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients are observed in several types of migrating neurons, and a series of Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules governing neuronal migration has been identified. In this review, we first summarize the molecular mechanisms that trigger intracellular Ca2+ elevation in migrating neurons. In the latter half of this review, we provide an overview of the literature on Ca2+-dependent signalling molecules underlying neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Horigane
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ozawa
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayaka Takemoto-Kimura
- Department of Neuroscience I, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Molecular/Cellular Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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44
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Takano T, Funahashi Y, Kaibuchi K. Neuronal Polarity: Positive and Negative Feedback Signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:69. [PMID: 31069225 PMCID: PMC6491837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity are critical for neuronal development and function. One of the fundamental questions in neurodevelopment is how neurons generate only one axon and several dendrites from multiple minor neurites. Over the past few decades, molecular and cell biological approaches have unveiled a large number of signaling networks regulating neuronal polarity in cultured hippocampal neurons and the developing cortex. Emerging evidence reveals that positive and negative feedback signals play a crucial role in axon and dendrite specification. Positive feedback signals are continuously activated in one of minor neurites and result in axon specification and elongation, whereas negative feedback signals are propagated from a nascent axon terminal to all minor neurites and inhibit the formation of multiple axon, thereby leading to dendrite specification, and maintaining neuronal polarity. This current insight provides a holistic picture of the signaling mechanisms underlying neuronal polarization during neuronal development. Here, our review highlights recent advancements in this fascinating field, with a focus on the positive, and negative feedback signals as key regulatory mechanisms underlying neuronal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takano
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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45
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Bisbal M, Sanchez M. Neurotoxicity of the pesticide rotenone on neuronal polarization: a mechanistic approach. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:762-766. [PMID: 30688258 PMCID: PMC6375050 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are the most extensive and polarized cells that display a unique single long axon and multiple dendrites, which are compartments exhibiting structural and functional differences. Polarity occurs early in neuronal development and it is maintained by complex subcellular mechanisms throughout cell life. A well-defined and controlled spatio-temporal program of cellular and molecular events strictly regulates the formation of the axon and dendrites from a non-polarized cell. This event is critical for an adequate neuronal wiring and therefore for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Neuronal polarity is very sensitive to the harmful effects of different factors present in the environment. In this regard, rotenone is a crystalline, colorless and odorless isoflavone used as insecticide, piscicide and broad spectrum pesticide commonly used earlier in agriculture. In the present review we will summarize the toxicity mechanism caused by this pesticide in different neuronal cell types, focusing on a particular biological mechanism whereby rotenone could impair neuronal polarization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Recent advances suggest that the inhibition of axonogenesis produced by rotenone could be related with its effect on microtubule dynamics, the actin cytoskeleton and their regulatory pathways, particularly affecting the small RhoGTPase RhoA. Unveiling the mechanism by which rotenone produces neurotoxicity will be instrumental to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases influenced by this environmental pollutant, which may lead to research focused on the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bisbal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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46
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Miller KE, Suter DM. An Integrated Cytoskeletal Model of Neurite Outgrowth. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:447. [PMID: 30534055 PMCID: PMC6275320 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth underlies the wiring of the nervous system during development and regeneration. Despite a significant body of research, the underlying cytoskeletal mechanics of growth and guidance are not fully understood, and the relative contributions of individual cytoskeletal processes to neurite growth are controversial. Here, we review the structural organization and biophysical properties of neurons to make a semi-quantitative comparison of the relative contributions of different processes to neurite growth. From this, we develop the idea that neurons are active fluids, which generate strong contractile forces in the growth cone and weaker contractile forces along the axon. As a result of subcellular gradients in forces and material properties, actin flows rapidly rearward in the growth cone periphery, and microtubules flow forward in bulk along the axon. With this framework, an integrated model of neurite outgrowth is proposed that hopefully will guide new approaches to stimulate neuronal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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47
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Santiago ADS, Couñago RM, Ramos PZ, Godoi PHC, Massirer KB, Gileadi O, Elkins JM. Structural Analysis of Inhibitor Binding to CAMKK1 Identifies Features Necessary for Design of Specific Inhibitors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14800. [PMID: 30287839 PMCID: PMC6172212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CAMKKs) are upstream activators of CAMK1 and CAMK4 signalling and have important functions in neural development, maintenance and signalling, as well as in other aspects of biology such as Ca2+ signalling in the cardiovascular system. To support the development of specific inhibitors of CAMKKs we have determined the crystal structure of CAMKK1 with two ATP-competitive inhibitors. The structures reveal small but exploitable differences between CAMKK1 and CAMKK2, despite the high sequence identity, which could be used in the generation of specific inhibitors. Screening of a kinase inhibitor library revealed molecules that bind potently to CAMKK1. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that the most potent inhibitors had binding energies largely dependent on favourable enthalpy. Together, the data provide a foundation for future inhibitor development activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André da Silva Santiago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.,Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, CBMEG, University of Campinas, Av Candido Rondon, 400, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Paulo H C Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.,Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, CBMEG, University of Campinas, Av Candido Rondon, 400, Barao Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil. .,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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48
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de Rooij R, Kuhl E, Miller KE. Modeling the Axon as an Active Partner with the Growth Cone in Axonal Elongation. Biophys J 2018; 115:1783-1795. [PMID: 30309611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces generated by the growth cone are vital for the proper development of the axon and thus brain function. Although recent experiments show that forces are generated along the axon, it is unknown whether the axon plays a direct role in controlling growth cone advance. Here, we use analytic and finite element modeling of microtubule dynamics and the activity of the molecular motors myosin and dynein to investigate mechanical force balance along the length of the axon and its effects on axonal outgrowth. Our modeling indicates that the paradoxical effects of stabilizing microtubules and the consequences of microtubule disassembly on axonal outgrowth can be explained by changes in the passive and active mechanical properties of axons. Our findings suggest that a full understanding of growth cone motility requires a consideration of the mechanical contributions of the axon. Our study not only has potential applications during neurodevelopment but might also help identify strategies to manipulate and promote axonal regrowth to treat neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijk de Rooij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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49
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Abstract
Each neuron forms a single axon and multiple dendrites, and this configuration is important for wiring the brain. How only a single axon extends from a neuron, however, remains unknown. This study demonstrates that CAMSAP3, a protein that binds the minus-end of microtubules, preferentially localizes along axons in hippocampal neurons. Remarkably, mutations of CAMSAP3 lead to production of multiple axons in these neurons. In attempts to uncover mechanisms underlying this abnormal axon extension, the authors found that CAMSAP3-anchored microtubules escape from acetylation, a process mediated by α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1, and depletion of this enzyme abolishes abnormal axon formation in CAMSAP3 mutants. These findings reveal that CAMSAP3 controls microtubule dynamics, preventing tubulin acetylation; this mechanism is required for single-axon formation. The molecular mechanisms that guide each neuron to become polarized, forming a single axon and multiple dendrites, remain unknown. Here we show that CAMSAP3 (calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3), a protein that regulates the minus-end dynamics of microtubules, plays a key role in maintaining neuronal polarity. In mouse hippocampal neurons, CAMSAP3 was enriched in axons. Although axonal microtubules were generally acetylated, CAMSAP3 was preferentially localized along a less-acetylated fraction of the microtubules. CAMSAP3-mutated neurons often exhibited supernumerary axons, along with an increased number of neurites having nocodazole-resistant/acetylated microtubules compared with wild-type neurons. Analysis using cell lines showed that CAMSAP3 depletion promoted tubulin acetylation, and conversely, mild overexpression of CAMSAP3 inhibited it, suggesting that CAMSAP3 works to retain nonacetylated microtubules. In contrast, CAMSAP2, a protein related to CAMSAP3, was detected along all neurites, and its loss did not affect neuronal polarity, nor did it cause increased tubulin acetylation. Depletion of α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1 (αTAT1), the key enzyme for tubulin acetylation, abolished CAMSAP3 loss-dependent multiple-axon formation. These observations suggest that CAMSAP3 sustains a nonacetylated pool of microtubules in axons, interfering with the action of αTAT1, and this process is important to maintain neuronal polarity.
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50
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Hapak SM, Ghosh S, Rothlin CV. Axon Regeneration: Antagonistic Signaling Pairs in Neuronal Polarization. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:615-629. [PMID: 29934283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide screens, proteomics, and candidate-based approaches have identified numerous genes associated with neuronal regeneration following central nervous system (CNS) injury. Despite significant progress, functional recovery remains a challenge, even in model systems. Neuronal function depends on segregation of axonal versus dendritic domains. A key to functional recovery may lie in recapitulating the developmental signals that instruct axon specification and growth in adult neurons post-injury. Theoretically, binary activator-inhibitor elements operating as a Turing-like system within neurons can specify axonal versus dendritic domains and promote axon growth. We review here various molecules implicated in axon specification that function as signaling pairs driving neuronal polarization and axon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Hapak
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Equal contribution.
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Equal contribution.
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